Isa 9:8-9 : 8 {
"verseID": "Isaiah.9.8",
"source": "וְיָדְעוּ֙ הָעָ֣ם כֻּלּ֔וֹ אֶפְרַ֖יִם וְיוֹשֵׁ֣ב שֹׁמְר֑וֹן בְּגַאֲוָ֛ה וּבְגֹ֥דֶל לֵבָ֖ב לֵאמֹֽר׃",
"text": "And they *yāḏəʿû* the *ʿām* all of it, *ʾep̄rayim* and *yôšēḇ* *šōmərôn* in *gaʾăwāh* and in *gōḏel* *lēḇāḇ* *lēʾmōr*.",
"grammar": {
"*yāḏəʿû*": "verb, Qal, perfect, 3rd person, plural - they knew",
"*ʿām*": "noun, masculine, singular, absolute - people",
"*ʾep̄rayim*": "proper noun - Ephraim",
"*yôšēḇ*": "participle, Qal, masculine, singular, construct - inhabitant of",
"*šōmərôn*": "proper noun - Samaria",
"*gaʾăwāh*": "noun, feminine, singular, absolute - pride",
"*gōḏel*": "noun, masculine, singular, construct - greatness of",
"*lēḇāḇ*": "noun, masculine, singular, absolute - heart",
"*lēʾmōr*": "preposition with Qal, infinitive, construct - saying"
},
"variants": {
"*yāḏəʿû*": "knew/understood/recognized",
"*ʿām*": "people/nation/population",
"*yôšēḇ*": "inhabitant/dweller/resident",
"*gaʾăwāh*": "pride/arrogance/majesty",
"*gōḏel*": "greatness/magnitude/pride",
"*lēḇāḇ*": "heart/mind/inner self"
}
}
9 {
"verseID": "Isaiah.9.9",
"source": "לְבֵנִ֥ים נָפָ֖לוּ וְגָזִ֣ית נִבְנֶ֑ה שִׁקְמִ֣ים גֻּדָּ֔עוּ וַאֲרָזִ֖ים נַחֲלִֽיף׃",
"text": "*Ləḇēnîm* *nāp̄ālû* and *gāzît* we *niḇneh* *šiqmîm* *guddāʿû* and *ʾărāzîm* we *naḥălîp̄*.",
"grammar": {
"*Ləḇēnîm*": "noun, feminine, plural, absolute - bricks",
"*nāp̄ālû*": "verb, Qal, perfect, 3rd person, plural - they have fallen",
"*gāzît*": "noun, feminine, singular, absolute - hewn stone",
"*niḇneh*": "verb, Qal, imperfect, 1st person, plural - we will build",
"*šiqmîm*": "noun, masculine, plural, absolute - sycamores",
"*guddāʿû*": "verb, Pual, perfect, 3rd person, plural - they were cut down",
"*ʾărāzîm*": "noun, masculine, plural, absolute - cedars",
"*naḥălîp̄*": "verb, Hiphil, imperfect, 1st person, plural - we will replace"
},
"variants": {
"*Ləḇēnîm*": "bricks/tiles",
"*nāp̄ālû*": "fallen/collapsed",
"*gāzît*": "hewn stone/dressed stone",
"*šiqmîm*": "sycamores/fig-mulberry trees",
"*guddāʿû*": "cut down/chopped down/felled",
"*ʾărāzîm*": "cedars/cedar trees",
"*naḥălîp̄*": "replace/exchange/substitute"
}
}
10 {
"verseID": "Isaiah.9.10",
"source": "וַיְשַׂגֵּ֧ב יְהוָ֛ה אֶת־צָרֵ֥י רְצִ֖ין עָלָ֑יו וְאֶת־אֹיְבָ֖יו יְסַכְסֵֽךְ׃",
"text": "And *yəśaggēḇ* *YHWH* *ʾet*-*ṣārê* *rəṣîn* against him and *ʾet*-his *ʾōyəḇāyw* he *yəsaḵsēḵ*.",
"grammar": {
"*yəśaggēḇ*": "verb, Piel, imperfect, 3rd person, masculine, singular - he will strengthen/exalt",
"*YHWH*": "proper noun - the LORD",
"*ʾet*": "direct object marker",
"*ṣārê*": "noun, masculine, plural, construct - adversaries of",
"*rəṣîn*": "proper noun - Rezin",
"*ʾōyəḇāyw*": "noun, masculine, plural with 3rd person, masculine, singular suffix - his enemies",
"*yəsaḵsēḵ*": "verb, Pilpel, imperfect, 3rd person, masculine, singular - he will stir up/incite"
},
"variants": {
"*yəśaggēḇ*": "strengthen/exalt/set on high",
"*ṣārê*": "adversaries/foes/opponents",
"*yəsaḵsēḵ*": "stir up/incite/instigate"
}
}
11 {
"verseID": "Isaiah.9.11",
"source": "אֲרָ֣ם מִקֶּ֗דֶם וּפְלִשְׁתִּים֙ מֵֽאָח֔וֹר וַיֹּאכְל֥וּ אֶת־יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל בְּכָל־פֶּ֑ה בְּכָל־זֹאת֙ לֹא־שָׁ֣ב אַפּ֔וֹ וְע֖וֹד יָד֥וֹ נְטוּיָֽה׃",
"text": "*ʾărām* from *qeḏem* and *pəlištîm* from *ʾāḥôr* and they *yōʾḵəlû* *ʾet*-*yiśrāʾēl* with all-*peh* in all-this not-*šāḇ* his *ʾappô* and yet his *yāḏô* *nəṭûyāh*.",
"grammar": {
"*ʾărām*": "proper noun - Aram/Syria",
"*qeḏem*": "noun, masculine, singular, absolute - east/front",
"*pəlištîm*": "proper noun - Philistines",
"*ʾāḥôr*": "noun, masculine, singular, absolute - behind/west",
"*yōʾḵəlû*": "verb, Qal, imperfect, consecutive, 3rd person, masculine, plural - they devoured",
"*yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel",
"*peh*": "noun, masculine, singular, absolute - mouth",
"*šāḇ*": "verb, Qal, perfect, 3rd person, masculine, singular - has turned back",
"*ʾappô*": "noun, masculine, singular with 3rd person, masculine, singular suffix - his anger",
"*yāḏô*": "noun, feminine, singular with 3rd person, masculine, singular suffix - his hand",
"*nəṭûyāh*": "participle, Qal, feminine, singular, absolute - stretched out"
},
"variants": {
"*qeḏem*": "east/front/ancient time",
"*ʾāḥôr*": "behind/rear/west",
"*yōʾḵəlû*": "devoured/consumed/ate",
"*peh*": "mouth/opening/speech",
"*šāḇ*": "turned back/returned/repented",
"*ʾappô*": "his anger/his nose/his wrath",
"*nəṭûyāh*": "stretched out/extended"
}
}
12 {
"verseID": "Isaiah.9.12",
"source": "וְהָעָ֥ם לֹא־שָׁ֖ב עַד־הַמַּכֵּ֑הוּ וְאֶת־יְהוָ֥ה צְבָא֖וֹת לֹ֥א דָרָֽשׁוּ׃ ס",
"text": "And the *ʿām* not-*šāḇ* to-the one *makkēhû* and *ʾet*-*YHWH* *ṣəḇāʾôt* not they *ḏārāšû*.",
"grammar": {
"*ʿām*": "noun, masculine, singular, absolute - people",
"*šāḇ*": "verb, Qal, perfect, 3rd person, masculine, singular - has turned",
"*makkēhû*": "participle, Hiphil, masculine, singular with 3rd person, masculine, singular suffix - one striking him",
"*YHWH*": "proper noun - the LORD",
"*ṣəḇāʾôt*": "noun, feminine, plural, absolute - hosts/armies",
"*ḏārāšû*": "verb, Qal, perfect, 3rd person, plural - they have sought"
},
"variants": {
"*ʿām*": "people/nation/population",
"*šāḇ*": "turned/returned/repented",
"*makkēhû*": "one striking him/one smiting him/one who struck him",
"*ṣəḇāʾôt*": "hosts/armies/military forces",
"*ḏārāšû*": "sought/inquired/investigated"
}
}
13 {
"verseID": "Isaiah.9.13",
"source": "וַיַּכְרֵ֨ת יְהוָ֜ה מִיִּשְׂרָאֵ֗ל רֹ֧אשׁ וְזָנָ֛ב כִּפָּ֥ה וְאַגְמ֖וֹן י֥וֹם אֶחָֽד׃",
"text": "And *yaḵrēt* *YHWH* from *yiśrāʾēl* *rōʾš* and *zānāḇ* *kippāh* and *ʾaḡmôn* *yôm* *ʾeḥāḏ*.",
"grammar": {
"*yaḵrēt*": "verb, Qal, imperfect, consecutive, 3rd person, masculine, singular - he cut off",
"*YHWH*": "proper noun - the LORD",
"*yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel",
"*rōʾš*": "noun, masculine, singular, absolute - head",
"*zānāḇ*": "noun, masculine, singular, absolute - tail",
"*kippāh*": "noun, feminine, singular, absolute - palm branch",
"*ʾaḡmôn*": "noun, masculine, singular, absolute - reed/rush",
"*yôm*": "noun, masculine, singular, absolute - day",
"*ʾeḥāḏ*": "adjective, masculine, singular, absolute - one"
},
"variants": {
"*yaḵrēt*": "cut off/removed/destroyed",
"*rōʾš*": "head/chief/top/beginning",
"*zānāḇ*": "tail/end",
"*kippāh*": "palm branch/frond",
"*ʾaḡmôn*": "reed/rush/bulrush"
}
}
14 {
"verseID": "Isaiah.9.14",
"source": "זָקֵ֥ן וּנְשׂוּא־פָנִ֖ים ה֣וּא הָרֹ֑אשׁ וְנָבִ֥יא מֽוֹרֶה־שֶּׁ֖קֶר ה֥וּא הַזָּנָֽב׃",
"text": "*Zāqēn* and *nəśûʾ*-*p̄ānîm* he the *rōʾš* and *nāḇîʾ* *môreh*-*šeqer* he the *zānāḇ*.",
"grammar": {
"*Zāqēn*": "adjective, masculine, singular, absolute - elder/old",
"*nəśûʾ*": "participle, Qal, passive, masculine, singular, construct - honored of/exalted of",
"*p̄ānîm*": "noun, masculine, plural, absolute - face",
"*rōʾš*": "noun, masculine, singular, absolute with definite article - the head",
"*nāḇîʾ*": "noun, masculine, singular, absolute - prophet",
"*môreh*": "participle, Hiphil, masculine, singular, construct - teacher of",
"*šeqer*": "noun, masculine, singular, absolute - falsehood",
"*zānāḇ*": "noun, masculine, singular, absolute with definite article - the tail"
},
"variants": {
"*Zāqēn*": "elder/old person/aged man",
"*nəśûʾ*-*p̄ānîm*": "honored of face/dignitary/person of rank",
"*nāḇîʾ*": "prophet/spokesperson",
"*môreh*": "teacher/instructor",
"*šeqer*": "falsehood/lie/deception",
"*zānāḇ*": "tail/end"
}
}
15 {
"verseID": "Isaiah.9.15",
"source": "וַיִּֽהְי֛וּ מְאַשְּׁרֵ֥י הָֽעָם־הַזֶּ֖ה מַתְעִ֑ים וּמְאֻשָּׁרָ֖יו מְבֻלָּעִֽים׃",
"text": "And *yihyû* *məʾaššərê* the *ʿām*-the-this *matʿîm* and his *məʾuššārāyw* *məḇullāʿîm*.",
"grammar": {
"*yihyû*": "verb, Qal, imperfect, consecutive, 3rd person, masculine, plural - they became",
"*məʾaššərê*": "participle, Piel, masculine, plural, construct - guides of",
"*ʿām*": "noun, masculine, singular, absolute with definite article - the people",
"*matʿîm*": "participle, Hiphil, masculine, plural, absolute - leading astray/misleading",
"*məʾuššārāyw*": "participle, Pual, masculine, plural with 3rd person, masculine, singular suffix - those being guided by him",
"*məḇullāʿîm*": "participle, Pual, masculine, plural, absolute - swallowed up/destroyed"
},
"variants": {
"*məʾaššərê*": "guides of/leaders of/those who call blessed",
"*ʿām*": "people/nation/population",
"*matʿîm*": "leading astray/causing to err/misleading",
"*məʾuššārāyw*": "those being guided by him/those being led by him",
"*məḇullāʿîm*": "swallowed up/destroyed/confused"
}
}
16 {
"verseID": "Isaiah.9.16",
"source": "עַל־כֵּ֨ן עַל־בַּחוּרָ֜יו לֹֽא־יִשְׂמַ֣ח ׀ אֲדֹנָ֗י וְאֶת־יְתֹמָ֤יו וְאֶת־אַלְמְנֹתָיו֙ לֹ֣א יְרַחֵ֔ם כִּ֤י כֻלּוֹ֙ חָנֵ֣ף וּמֵרַ֔ע וְכָל־פֶּ֖ה דֹּבֵ֣ר נְבָלָ֑ה בְּכָל־זֹאת֙ לֹא־שָׁ֣ב אַפּ֔וֹ וְע֖וֹד יָד֥וֹ נְטוּיָֽה׃",
"text": "Therefore upon-his *baḥûrāyw* not-*yiśmaḥ* *ʾăḏōnāy* and *ʾet*-his *yətōmāyw* and *ʾet*-his *ʾalmənōtāyw* not he *yəraḥēm* for all of it *ḥānēp̄* and *mēraʿ* and all-*peh* *dōḇēr* *nəḇālāh* in all-this not-*šāḇ* his *ʾappô* and yet his *yāḏô* *nəṭûyāh*.",
"grammar": {
"*baḥûrāyw*": "noun, masculine, plural with 3rd person, masculine, singular suffix - his young men",
"*yiśmaḥ*": "verb, Qal, imperfect, 3rd person, masculine, singular - he rejoices",
"*ʾăḏōnāy*": "noun, masculine, singular - Lord/my Lord",
"*yətōmāyw*": "noun, masculine, plural with 3rd person, masculine, singular suffix - his orphans",
"*ʾalmənōtāyw*": "noun, feminine, plural with 3rd person, masculine, singular suffix - his widows",
"*yəraḥēm*": "verb, Piel, imperfect, 3rd person, masculine, singular - he has compassion",
"*ḥānēp̄*": "adjective, masculine, singular, absolute - godless/profane",
"*mēraʿ*": "participle, Hiphil, masculine, singular, absolute - doing evil",
"*peh*": "noun, masculine, singular, absolute - mouth",
"*dōḇēr*": "participle, Qal, masculine, singular, absolute - speaking",
"*nəḇālāh*": "noun, feminine, singular, absolute - folly/senselessness",
"*šāḇ*": "verb, Qal, perfect, 3rd person, masculine, singular - has turned",
"*ʾappô*": "noun, masculine, singular with 3rd person, masculine, singular suffix - his anger",
"*yāḏô*": "noun, feminine, singular with 3rd person, masculine, singular suffix - his hand",
"*nəṭûyāh*": "participle, Qal, feminine, singular, absolute - stretched out"
},
"variants": {
"*baḥûrāyw*": "his young men/his chosen ones",
"*yiśmaḥ*": "rejoices/takes pleasure in/delights in",
"*ʾăḏōnāy*": "Lord/my Lord/master",
"*yətōmāyw*": "his orphans/his fatherless",
"*ʾalmənōtāyw*": "his widows",
"*yəraḥēm*": "has compassion/shows mercy/pities",
"*ḥānēp̄*": "godless/profane/impious",
"*mēraʿ*": "doing evil/evildoer/causing harm",
"*peh*": "mouth/opening/speech",
"*dōḇēr*": "speaking/saying",
"*nəḇālāh*": "folly/senselessness/disgraceful thing",
"*šāḇ*": "turned/returned/repented",
"*ʾappô*": "his anger/his nose/his wrath",
"*nəṭûyāh*": "stretched out/extended"
}
}
17 {
"verseID": "Isaiah.9.17",
"source": "כִּֽי־בָעֲרָ֤ה כָאֵשׁ֙ רִשְׁעָ֔ה שָׁמִ֥יר וָשַׁ֖יִת תֹּאכֵ֑ל וַתִּצַּת֙ בְּסִֽבְכֵ֣י הַיַּ֔עַר וַיִּֽתְאַבְּכ֖וּ גֵּא֥וּת עָשָֽׁן׃",
"text": "For-*bāʿărāh* like *ʾēš* *rišʿāh* *šāmîr* and *šayit* *tōʾḵēl* and *tiṣṣat* in *siḇəḵê* the *yaʿar* and *yitʾabbəḵû* *gēʾût* *ʿāšān*.",
"grammar": {
"*bāʿărāh*": "verb, Qal, perfect, 3rd person, feminine, singular - burns",
"*ʾēš*": "noun, feminine, singular, absolute - fire",
"*rišʿāh*": "noun, feminine, singular, absolute - wickedness",
"*šāmîr*": "noun, masculine, singular, absolute - brier/thorn",
"*šayit*": "noun, masculine, singular, absolute - thorn",
"*tōʾḵēl*": "verb, Qal, imperfect, 3rd person, feminine, singular - it devours",
"*tiṣṣat*": "verb, Niphal, imperfect, consecutive, 3rd person, feminine, singular - it was kindled",
"*siḇəḵê*": "noun, masculine, plural, construct - thickets of",
"*yaʿar*": "noun, masculine, singular, absolute with definite article - the forest",
"*yitʾabbəḵû*": "verb, Hithpael, imperfect, consecutive, 3rd person, masculine, plural - they rolled up",
"*gēʾût*": "noun, feminine, singular, construct - pride of/rising of",
"*ʿāšān*": "noun, masculine, singular, absolute - smoke"
},
"variants": {
"*bāʿărāh*": "burns/consumes/kindles",
"*ʾēš*": "fire/flame",
"*rišʿāh*": "wickedness/evil/iniquity",
"*šāmîr*": "brier/thorn/bramble",
"*šayit*": "thorn/bramble",
"*tōʾḵēl*": "devours/consumes/eats",
"*tiṣṣat*": "was kindled/was set on fire",
"*siḇəḵê*": "thickets of/dense growth of",
"*yaʿar*": "forest/wooded area",
"*yitʾabbəḵû*": "rolled up/mounted up/swirled upward",
"*gēʾût*": "pride of/rising of/column of",
"*ʿāšān*": "smoke/vapor"
}
}
18 {
"verseID": "Isaiah.9.18",
"source": "בְּעֶבְרַ֛ת יְהוָ֥ה צְבָא֖וֹת נֶעְתַּ֣ם אָ֑רֶץ וַיְהִ֤י הָעָם֙ כְּמַאֲכֹ֣לֶת אֵ֔שׁ אִ֥ישׁ אֶל־אָחִ֖יו לֹ֥א יַחְמֹֽלוּ׃",
"text": "In *ʿeḇrat* *YHWH* *ṣəḇāʾôt* *neʿtam* *ʾāreṣ* and *yəhî* the *ʿām* like *maʾăḵōlet* *ʾēš* *ʾîš* to-his *ʾāḥîw* not they *yaḥmōlû*.",
"grammar": {
"*ʿeḇrat*": "noun, feminine, singular, construct - wrath of",
"*YHWH*": "proper noun - the LORD",
"*ṣəḇāʾôt*": "noun, feminine, plural, absolute - hosts/armies",
"*neʿtam*": "verb, Niphal, perfect, 3rd person, masculine, singular - is darkened/scorched",
"*ʾāreṣ*": "noun, feminine, singular, absolute - land/earth",
"*yəhî*": "verb, Qal, imperfect, consecutive, 3rd person, masculine, singular - it became",
"*ʿām*": "noun, masculine, singular, absolute with definite article - the people",
"*maʾăḵōlet*": "noun, feminine, singular, construct - food of/fuel of",
"*ʾēš*": "noun, feminine, singular, absolute - fire",
"*ʾîš*": "noun, masculine, singular, absolute - man",
"*ʾāḥîw*": "noun, masculine, singular with 3rd person, masculine, singular suffix - his brother",
"*yaḥmōlû*": "verb, Qal, imperfect, 3rd person, masculine, plural - they spare"
},
"variants": {
"*ʿeḇrat*": "wrath of/fury of/rage of",
"*ṣəḇāʾôt*": "hosts/armies/military forces",
"*neʿtam*": "darkened/scorched/burned",
"*ʾāreṣ*": "land/earth/ground/territory",
"*ʿām*": "people/nation/population",
"*maʾăḵōlet*": "food of/fuel of/consumption of",
"*ʾēš*": "fire/flame",
"*yaḥmōlû*": "spare/have pity/show compassion"
}
}
19 {
"verseID": "Isaiah.9.19",
"source": "וַיִּגְזֹ֤ר עַל־יָמִין֙ וְרָעֵ֔ב וַיֹּ֥אכַל עַל־שְׂמֹ֖אול וְלֹ֣א שָׂבֵ֑עוּ אִ֥ישׁ בְּשַׂר־זְרֹע֖וֹ יֹאכֵֽלוּ׃",
"text": "And *yiḡzōr* upon-*yāmîn* and *rāʿēḇ* and *yōʾḵal* upon-*śəmōʾwl* and not they *śāḇēʿû* *ʾîš* *bəśar*-his *zərōʿô* they *yōʾḵēlû*.",
"grammar": {
"*yiḡzōr*": "verb, Qal, imperfect, consecutive, 3rd person, masculine, singular - he devours/cuts",
"*yāmîn*": "noun, feminine, singular, absolute - right hand/south",
"*rāʿēḇ*": "verb, Qal, perfect, 3rd person, masculine, singular - he is hungry",
"*yōʾḵal*": "verb, Qal, imperfect, consecutive, 3rd person, masculine, singular - he eats",
"*śəmōʾwl*": "noun, feminine, singular, absolute - left hand/north",
"*śāḇēʿû*": "verb, Qal, perfect, 3rd person, plural - they are satisfied",
"*ʾîš*": "noun, masculine, singular, absolute - man/each one",
"*bəśar*": "noun, masculine, singular, construct - flesh of",
"*zərōʿô*": "noun, feminine, singular with 3rd person, masculine, singular suffix - his arm",
"*yōʾḵēlû*": "verb, Qal, imperfect, 3rd person, masculine, plural - they eat/devour"
},
"variants": {
"*yiḡzōr*": "devours/cuts/slashes",
"*yāmîn*": "right hand/south side",
"*rāʿēḇ*": "hungry/famished",
"*yōʾḵal*": "eats/devours/consumes",
"*śəmōʾwl*": "left hand/north side",
"*śāḇēʿû*": "satisfied/filled/full",
"*bəśar*": "flesh of/meat of",
"*zərōʿô*": "his arm/his strength/his power",
"*yōʾḵēlû*": "eat/devour/consume"
}
}
20 {
"verseID": "Isaiah.9.20",
"source": "מְנַשֶּׁ֣ה אֶת־אֶפְרַ֗יִם וְאֶפְרַ֙יִם֙ אֶת־מְנַשֶּׁ֔ה יַחְדָּ֥ו הֵ֖מָּה עַל־יְהוּדָ֑ה בְּכָל־זֹאת֙ לֹא־שָׁ֣ב אַפּ֔וֹ וְע֖וֹד יָד֥וֹ נְטוּיָֽה׃ ס",
"text": "*Mənašeh* *ʾet*-*ʾep̄rayim* and *ʾep̄rayim* *ʾet*-*mənašeh* *yaḥdāw* they against-*yəhûḏāh* in all-this not-*šāḇ* his *ʾappô* and yet his *yāḏô* *nəṭûyāh*.",
"grammar": {
"*Mənašeh*": "proper noun - Manasseh",
"*ʾet*": "direct object marker",
"*ʾep̄rayim*": "proper noun - Ephraim",
"*mənašeh*": "proper noun - Manasseh",
"*yaḥdāw*": "adverb - together",
"*yəhûḏāh*": "proper noun - Judah",
"*šāḇ*": "verb, Qal, perfect, 3rd person, masculine, singular - has turned",
"*ʾappô*": "noun, masculine, singular with 3rd person, masculine, singular suffix - his anger",
"*yāḏô*": "noun, feminine, singular with 3rd person, masculine, singular suffix - his hand",
"*nəṭûyāh*": "participle, Qal, feminine, singular, absolute - stretched out"
},
"variants": {
"*yaḥdāw*": "together/jointly/united",
"*šāḇ*": "turned/returned/repented",
"*ʾappô*": "his anger/his nose/his wrath",
"*nəṭûyāh*": "stretched out/extended"
}
}