Amos 1:9

KJV1611 – Modern English

Thus says the LORD; For three transgressions of Tyre, and for four, I will not turn away its punishment; because they delivered up the whole captivity to Edom, and did not remember the brotherly covenant:

📖 Grammatical Analysis

Original Text

כֹּ֚ה אָמַ֣ר יְהוָ֔ה עַל־שְׁלֹשָׁה֙ פִּשְׁעֵי־צֹ֔ר וְעַל־אַרְבָּעָ֖ה לֹ֣א אֲשִׁיבֶ֑נּוּ עַֽל־הַסְגִּירָ֞ם גָּל֤וּת שְׁלֵמָה֙ לֶאֱד֔וֹם וְלֹ֥א זָכְר֖וּ בְּרִ֥ית אַחִֽים׃

Transliteration

Thus ʾāmar YHWH for-šəlōšāh pišʿê-ṣōr and-for-ʾarbāʿāh not ʾăšîbenû for-hasgîrām gālût šəlēmāh to-ʾĕdôm and-not zākrû bərît ʾaḥîm

Grammar Details

• *ʾāmar*: perfect, 3rd masculine singular - said/has said
• *YHWH*: proper name - LORD/Yahweh
• *šəlōšāh*: cardinal number, masculine - three
• *pišʿê*: construct state, masculine plural - transgressions of
• *ṣōr*: proper name - Tyre
• *ʾarbāʿāh*: cardinal number, masculine - four
• *ʾăšîbenû*: imperfect, 1st singular with 3rd masculine singular suffix - I will restore/turn back it
• *hasgîrām*: infinitive construct, hiphil with 3rd masculine plural suffix - their delivering
• *gālût*: feminine singular construct - exile/captivity
• *šəlēmāh*: feminine singular adjective - complete/entire
• *ʾĕdôm*: proper name - Edom
• *zākrû*: perfect, 3rd plural - they remembered
• *bərît*: feminine singular construct - covenant of
• *ʾaḥîm*: masculine plural noun - brothers

Word Meanings

• *pišʿê*: transgressions/rebellions/crimes
• *ʾăšîbenû*: I will not revoke/turn back/restore the punishment
• *hasgîrām*: their delivering up/handing over/surrendering
• *gālût* *šəlēmāh*: entire population/whole community/complete exile
• *bərît* *ʾaḥîm*: covenant of brothers/brotherly covenant/treaty of brotherhood

Other Translations

• Linguistic Bible Translation from Source Texts

  Thus says the LORD: 'For three transgressions of Tyre, and for four, I will not revoke punishment, because they delivered up an entire population to Edom and did not remember their treaty of brotherhood.'

• King James Version 1769 (Standard Version)

  Thus saith the LORD; For three transgressions of Tyrus, and for four, I will not turn away the punishment thereof; because they delivered up the whole captivity to Edom, and remembered not the brotherly covenant:

• American Standard Version with Strong's Numbers

  Thus saith{H559} Jehovah:{H3068} For three{H7969} transgressions{H6588} of Tyre,{H6865} yea, for four,{H702} I will not turn away{H7725} the punishment thereof; because they delivered up{H5462} the whole{H8003} people{H1546} to Edom,{H123} and remembered{H2142} not the brotherly{H251} covenant:{H1285}

• King James Version with Strong's Numbers

  Thus saith{H559}{(H8804)} the LORD{H3068}; For three{H7969} transgressions{H6588} of Tyrus{H6865}, and for four{H702}, I will not turn away{H7725}{(H8686)} the punishment thereof; because they delivered up{H5462}{(H8687)} the whole{H8003} captivity{H1546} to Edom{H123}, and remembered{H2142}{(H8804)} not the brotherly{H251} covenant{H1285}:

• Coverdale Bible (1535)

  Thus sayeth the LORDE: For thre and foure wickednesses off the cite off Tyre, I will not spare her: because they haue increased ye captiuyte of the Edomites, and haue not remembred the brotherly couenaunt.

• Geneva Bible (1560)

  Thus sayth the Lord, For three transgressions of Tyrus, and for foure, I will not turne to it, because they shut the whole captiuitie in Edom, and haue not remembred the brotherly couenant.

• Bishops' Bible (1568)

  Thus sayth the Lorde, For three wickednesses of Tyre, and for foure I will not spare her: because they shut the whole captiuitie in Edom, and haue not remembred the brotherly couenaunt.

• Authorized King James Version (1611)

  Thus saith the LORD; For three transgressions of Tyrus, and for four, I will not turn away [the punishment] thereof; because they delivered up the whole captivity to Edom, and remembered not the brotherly covenant:

• Webster's Bible (1833)

  Thus says Yahweh: "For three transgressions of Tyre, yes, for four, I will not turn away its punishment; Because they delivered up the whole community to Edom, And didn't remember the brotherly covenant;

• Young's Literal Translation (1862/1898)

  Thus said Jehovah: For three transgressions of Tyre, And for four, I do not reverse it, Because of their delivering up a complete captivity to Edom, And they remembered not the brotherly covenant,

• American Standard Version (1901)

  Thus saith Jehovah: For three transgressions of Tyre, yea, for four, I will not turn away the punishment thereof; because they delivered up the whole people to Edom, and remembered not the brotherly covenant:

• American Standard Version (1901)

  Thus saith Jehovah: For three transgressions of Tyre, yea, for four, I will not turn away the punishment thereof; because they delivered up the whole people to Edom, and remembered not the brotherly covenant:

• Bible in Basic English (1941)

  These are the words of the Lord: For three crimes of Tyre, and for four, I will not let its fate be changed; because they gave up all the people prisoners to Edom, without giving a thought to the brothers' agreement between them.

• World English Bible (2000)

  Thus says Yahweh: "For three transgressions of Tyre, yes, for four, I will not turn away its punishment; because they delivered up the whole community to Edom, and didn't remember the brotherly covenant;

• NET Bible® (New English Translation)

  This is what the LORD says:“Because Tyre has committed three crimes– make that four!– I will not revoke my decree of judgment. They sold a whole community to Edom; they failed to observe a treaty of brotherhood.

Referenced Verses

• 1 Kgs 9:11-14 : 11 (Now Hiram the king of Tyre had furnished Solomon with cedar trees and fir trees, and with gold, according to all his desire,) that king Solomon gave Hiram twenty cities in the land of Galilee. 12 And Hiram came out from Tyre to see the cities which Solomon had given him; and they did not please him. 13 And he said, What cities are these which you have given me, my brother? And he called them the land of Cabul to this day. 14 And Hiram sent to the king one hundred and twenty talents of gold.
• Isa 23:1-9 : 1 The burden concerning Tyre. Wail, you ships of Tarshish; for it is destroyed, so there is no house, no entrance: from the land of Chittim it is revealed to them. 2 Be silent, you inhabitants of the island; you whom the merchants of Zidon, that cross over the sea, have filled. 3 And by great waters the seed of Sihor, the harvest of the river, is her revenue; and she is a marketplace of nations. 4 Be ashamed, O Zidon: for the sea has spoken, even the strength of the sea, saying, I do not travail, nor bring forth children, neither do I rear young men, nor raise virgins. 5 As at the report concerning Egypt, so they shall be greatly pained at the report of Tyre. 6 Cross over to Tarshish; wail, you inhabitants of the island. 7 Is this your joyous city, whose antiquity is from ancient days? her own feet shall carry her far away to sojourn. 8 Who has taken this counsel against Tyre, the crowning city, whose merchants are princes, whose traders are the honorable of the earth? 9 The LORD of hosts has purposed it, to mar the pride of all glory, and to bring into contempt all the honorable of the earth. 10 Flow through your land like a river, O daughter of Tarshish: there is no more restraint. 11 He has stretched out his hand over the sea, he shook the kingdoms: the LORD has given a commandment against the merchant city, to destroy its strongholds. 12 And he said, You shall rejoice no more, O oppressed virgin, daughter of Zidon: arise, cross over to Chittim; there also you shall have no rest. 13 Behold the land of the Chaldeans; this people was not till the Assyrian founded it for those who dwell in the wilderness: they set up its towers, they raised up its palaces; and he brought it to ruin. 14 Wail, you ships of Tarshish: for your strength is laid waste. 15 And it shall come to pass in that day, that Tyre shall be forgotten seventy years, according to the days of one king: after the end of seventy years shall Tyre sing as a harlot. 16 Take a harp, go about the city, you harlot that has been forgotten; make sweet melody, sing many songs, that you may be remembered. 17 And it shall come to pass after the end of seventy years, that the LORD will visit Tyre, and she shall return to her wages, and shall commit fornication with all the kingdoms of the world upon the face of the earth. 18 And her goods and her trade shall be holiness to the LORD: it shall not be treasured nor laid up; for her merchandise shall be for them that dwell before the LORD, to eat sufficiently, and for durable clothing.
• Joel 3:4-8 : 4 Yes, and what are you to me, O Tyre and Sidon, and all the coasts of Philistia? Do you want to repay me a recompense? And if you repay me, swiftly and speedily I will return your recompense upon your own head; 5 Because you have taken my silver and my gold, and have carried into your temples my precious pleasant things. 6 The children of Judah and the children of Jerusalem you have sold to the Greeks, that you might remove them far from their border. 7 Behold, I will raise them out of the place where you have sold them, and will return your recompense upon your own head: 8 And I will sell your sons and your daughters into the hand of the children of Judah, and they shall sell them to the Sabeans, to a people far off, for the LORD has spoken it.
• Zech 9:2-4 : 2 And Hamath also shall border on it; Tyre and Sidon, though they are very wise. 3 And Tyre built herself a stronghold, and heaped up silver like dust, and fine gold like the dirt of the streets. 4 Behold, the Lord will cast her out, and will strike her power in the sea; and she shall be devoured with fire.
• Ezek 26:1-9 : 1 And it came to pass in the eleventh year, on the first day of the month, that the word of the LORD came to me, saying, 2 Son of man, because Tyre has said against Jerusalem, 'Aha, she is broken, that was the gate of the peoples; she has turned to me; I shall be replenished, now she is laid waste.' 3 Therefore thus says the Lord GOD: Behold, I am against you, O Tyre, and will cause many nations to come up against you, as the sea causes its waves to come up. 4 And they shall destroy the walls of Tyre, and break down her towers: I will also scrape her dust from her, and make her like the top of a rock. 5 It shall be a place for the spreading of nets in the midst of the sea, for I have spoken it, says the Lord GOD; and it shall become a spoil to the nations. 6 And her daughters who are in the field shall be slain by the sword; and they shall know that I am the LORD. 7 For thus says the Lord GOD: Behold, I will bring against Tyre Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon, a king of kings, from the north, with horses, and with chariots, and with horsemen, and companies, and many people. 8 He shall slay with the sword your daughters in the field; and he shall build a fort against you, and cast a mound against you, and lift up a shield against you. 9 And he shall set up engines of war against your walls, and with his axes he shall break down your towers. 10 Because of the abundance of his horses, their dust shall cover you; your walls shall shake at the noise of the horsemen, and of the wheels, and of the chariots, when he enters into your gates, as men enter a city that has been breached. 11 With the hooves of his horses he shall tread down all your streets; he shall slay your people by the sword, and your strong garrisons shall fall to the ground. 12 And they shall make a spoil of your riches, and make a prey of your merchandise; and they shall break down your walls, and destroy your pleasant houses; and they shall lay your stones and your timber and your dust in the midst of the water. 13 And I will cause the noise of your songs to cease, and the sound of your harps shall be heard no more. 14 And I will make you like the top of a rock; you shall be a place to spread nets upon; you shall be built no more; for I the LORD have spoken it, says the Lord GOD. 15 Thus says the Lord GOD to Tyre: Shall not the isles shake at the sound of your fall, when the wounded cry, when the slaughter is made in your midst? 16 Then all the princes of the sea shall come down from their thrones, and lay aside their robes and put off their embroidered garments; they shall clothe themselves with trembling; they shall sit upon the ground and tremble every moment, and be astonished at you. 17 And they shall take up a lamentation for you, and say to you: 'How are you destroyed, that were inhabited by seafaring men, the renowned city, which was strong in the sea, she and her inhabitants, who caused their terror to be on all that haunt it!' 18 Now shall the isles tremble on the day of your fall; yes, the isles that are in the sea shall be troubled at your departure. 19 For thus says the Lord GOD: When I shall make you a desolate city, like the cities that are not inhabited, when I shall bring up the deep upon you, and great waters shall cover you, 20 when I shall bring you down with those who descend into the pit, with the people of old, and shall set you in the low parts of the earth, in places long desolate, with those who go down to the pit, so that you are not inhabited; and I will set beauty in the land of the living, 21 I will make you a terror, and you shall be no more; though you be sought for, you shall never be found again, says the Lord GOD.
• 2 Chr 2:8-9 : 8 Send me also cedar trees, fir trees, and algum trees, out of Lebanon, for I know that your servants are skillful to cut timber in Lebanon; and behold, my servants shall be with your servants, 9 To prepare me timber in abundance, for the house which I am about to build shall be exceedingly great. 10 And behold, I will give to your servants, the woodcutters who cut timber, twenty thousand measures of beaten wheat, and twenty thousand measures of barley, and twenty thousand baths of wine, and twenty thousand baths of oil. 11 Then Huram, the king of Tyre, answered in writing, which he sent to Solomon, Because the LORD has loved his people, he has made you king over them. 12 Huram said moreover, Blessed be the LORD God of Israel, who made heaven and earth, who has given to King David a wise son, endowed with prudence and understanding, that might build a house for the LORD, and a house for his kingdom. 13 And now I have sent a skillful man, endowed with understanding, Huram my father's, 14 The son of a woman of the daughters of Dan, and his father was a man of Tyre, skillful to work in gold, and in silver, in bronze, in iron, in stone, and in timber, in purple, in blue, and in fine linen, and in crimson; also to engrave any manner of engraving, and to devise every design that shall be put to him, with your skillful men, and with the skillful men of my lord David your father. 15 Now therefore the wheat, and the barley, the oil, and the wine, which my lord has spoken of, let him send to his servants: 16 And we will cut wood out of Lebanon, as much as you need, and we will bring it to you in rafts by sea to Joppa; and you shall carry it up to Jerusalem.
• 2 Sam 5:11 : 11 And Hiram king of Tyre sent messengers to David, and cedar trees, and carpenters, and masons; and they built David a house.
• 1 Kgs 5:1-9 : 1 And Hiram king of Tyre sent his servants to Solomon, for he had heard that they had anointed him king in place of his father, for Hiram had always loved David. 2 And Solomon sent to Hiram, saying, 3 You know how David my father could not build a house for the name of the LORD his God because of the wars that surrounded him on every side, until the LORD put them under the soles of his feet. 4 But now the LORD my God has given me rest on every side, so that there is neither adversary nor evil occurrence. 5 And behold, I plan to build a house for the name of the LORD my God, as the LORD spoke to David my father, saying, Your son, whom I will set on your throne in your place, he shall build a house for my name. 6 Now therefore command that they cut me cedar trees from Lebanon, and my servants will be with your servants, and I will give you hire for your servants according to all that you designate, for you know that there is none among us who can skillfully cut timber like the Sidonians. 7 And it came to pass, when Hiram heard the words of Solomon, he rejoiced greatly and said, Blessed be the LORD today, who has given David a wise son over this great people. 8 And Hiram sent to Solomon, saying, I have considered the things you sent to me for, and I will do all your desire concerning cedar and fir timber. 9 My servants shall bring them down from Lebanon to the sea; I will convey them by sea in floats to the place you appoint, and will have them unloaded there, and you shall receive them, and you shall fulfill my desire by providing food for my household. 10 So Hiram gave Solomon cedar trees and fir trees according to all his desire. 11 And Solomon gave Hiram twenty thousand measures of wheat for food for his household, and twenty measures of pure oil; this was given by Solomon to Hiram year by year.
• Amos 1:6 : 6 Thus says the LORD; For three transgressions of Gaza, and for four, I will not turn away its punishment; because they carried away captive the whole captivity, to deliver them up to Edom:
• Amos 1:11 : 11 Thus says the LORD; For three transgressions of Edom, and for four, I will not turn away its punishment; because he pursued his brother with the sword, and cast off all pity, and his anger tore perpetually, and he kept his wrath forever:
• Jer 25:22 : 22 And all the kings of Tyre, and all the kings of Sidon, and the kings of the coastlands which are beyond the sea,
• Jer 47:4 : 4 Because of the day that comes to plunder all the Philistines, and to cut off from Tyre and Sidon every helper that remains: for the LORD will plunder the Philistines, the remnant of the country of Caphtor.
• Matt 11:21 : 21 Woe to you, Chorazin! Woe to you, Bethsaida! For if the mighty works which were done in you had been done in Tyre and Sidon, they would have repented long ago in sackcloth and ashes.