Verse 10

{ "verseID": "2Samuel.22.10", "source": "וַיֵּ֥ט שָׁמַ֖יִם וַיֵּרַ֑ד וַעֲרָפֶ֖ל תַּ֥חַת רַגְלָֽיו׃", "text": "And *wayyēṭ* *šāmayim* and *wayyērad*, and *ʿărāpel* under *raglāyw*.", "grammar": { "*wayyēṭ*": "Qal imperfect 3ms with waw-consecutive - he stretched/bent", "*šāmayim*": "masculine dual/plural noun - heavens", "*wayyērad*": "Qal imperfect 3ms with waw-consecutive - he came down", "*ʿărāpel*": "masculine noun - thick darkness", "*raglāyw*": "feminine dual noun with 3ms suffix - his feet" }, "variants": { "*wayyēṭ*": "stretched out, bent down, inclined", "*wayyērad*": "came down, descended", "*ʿărāpel*": "thick darkness, dark cloud, gloom" } }

Other Translations

Referenced Verses

  • 1 Kgs 8:12 : 12 { "verseID": "1 Kings.8.12", "source": "אָ֖ז אָמַ֣ר שְׁלֹמֹ֑ה יְהוָ֣ה אָמַ֔ר לִשְׁכֹּ֖ן בָּעֲרָפֶֽל", "text": "Then *ʾāmar* *Šəlōmōh* *YHWH* *ʾāmar* *liškōn* in the *ʿărāp̄el*", "grammar": { "*ʾāz*": "adverb - then, at that time", "*ʾāmar*": "Qal perfect 3rd masculine singular - he said", "*Šəlōmōh*": "proper noun, masculine singular - Solomon", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - the LORD, Yahweh", "*ʾāmar*": "Qal perfect 3rd masculine singular - he said", "*lə*": "preposition - to, for", "*škōn*": "Qal infinitive construct - dwell, abide", "*bə*": "preposition - in", "*ʿărāp̄el*": "common noun, masculine singular with definite article - the thick darkness, dark cloud" }, "variants": { "*ʾāmar*": "said, spoke, declared", "*liškōn*": "to dwell, to abide, to inhabit", "*ʿărāp̄el*": "thick darkness, heavy cloud, dark cloud" } }
  • Ps 97:2 : 2 { "verseID": "Psalms.97.2", "source": "עָנָ֣ן וַעֲרָפֶ֣ל סְבִיבָ֑יו צֶ֥דֶק וּ֝מִשְׁפָּ֗ט מְכ֣וֹן כִּסְאֽוֹ", "text": "*ʿānān* *wa-ʿărāp̄el* *sĕḇîḇāyw* *ṣeḏeq* *û-mišpāṭ* *məḵôn* *kisʾô*", "grammar": { "*ʿānān*": "noun, masculine singular - cloud", "*wa-ʿărāp̄el*": "conjunction waw + noun, masculine singular - and thick darkness/gloom", "*sĕḇîḇāyw*": "preposition + suffix, 3rd person masculine singular - around him", "*ṣeḏeq*": "noun, masculine singular - righteousness", "*û-mišpāṭ*": "conjunction waw + noun, masculine singular - and justice", "*məḵôn*": "noun, masculine singular construct - foundation/established place of", "*kisʾô*": "noun, masculine singular + suffix, 3rd person masculine singular - his throne" }, "variants": { "*ʿărāp̄el*": "thick darkness/gloom/heavy cloud", "*sĕḇîḇāyw*": "surrounding him/around him/encircling him", "*ṣeḏeq*": "righteousness/rightness/justice", "*mišpāṭ*": "justice/judgment/legal decision", "*məḵôn*": "foundation/established place/base" } }
  • Exod 20:21 : 21 { "verseID": "Exodus.20.21", "source": "וַיַּעֲמֹ֥ד הָעָ֖ם מֵרָחֹ֑ק וּמֹשֶׁה֙ נִגַּ֣שׁ אֶל־הָֽעֲרָפֶ֔ל אֲשֶׁר־שָׁ֖ם הָאֱלֹהִֽים׃", "text": "*wə-yaʿămōd* the *ʿām* from *rāḥōq* and *Mōšeh* *niggaš* unto the *ʿărāp̄el* *ʾăšer*-there the *ʾĕlōhîm*", "grammar": { "*wə-yaʿămōd*": "conjunction + Qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and he stood", "*ʿām*": "definite noun, masculine singular - the people", "*rāḥōq*": "adverb - far/at a distance", "*Mōšeh*": "proper noun, masculine singular - Moses", "*niggaš*": "Niphal perfect 3rd masculine singular - drew near/approached", "*ʾel-*": "preposition - unto/toward", "*ʿărāp̄el*": "definite noun, masculine singular - thick darkness/thick cloud", "*ʾăšer*": "relative particle - which/where", "*šām*": "adverb - there", "*ʾĕlōhîm*": "definite noun, masculine plural form with singular meaning - God" }, "variants": { "*yaʿămōd*": "stand/remain/stay", "*rāḥōq*": "far away/distance/remoteness", "*niggaš*": "drew near/approached/came close", "*ʿărāp̄el*": "thick darkness/thick cloud/gloom", "*ʾĕlōhîm*": "God/divine being/deity" } }
  • Ps 144:5 : 5 { "verseID": "Psalms.144.5", "source": "יְ֭הוָה הַט־שָׁמֶ֣יךָ וְתֵרֵ֑ד גַּ֖ע בֶּהָרִ֣ים וְֽיֶעֱשָֽׁנוּ׃", "text": "*YHWH*, *haṭ* your *šāmeykā* and *wĕtērēd*, *gaʿ* in the *behārîm* and *wĕyeʿĕšānû*.", "grammar": { "*YHWH*": "divine name - Yahweh/the LORD", "*haṭ*": "Hiphil imperative, masculine singular - bend/bow down", "*šāmeykā*": "noun masculine plural + 2nd masculine singular suffix - your heavens", "*wĕtērēd*": "conjunction + Qal imperfect 2nd masculine singular jussive - and come down", "*gaʿ*": "Qal imperative, masculine singular - touch", "*behārîm*": "preposition + definite article + noun masculine plural - in the mountains", "*wĕyeʿĕšānû*": "conjunction + Qal imperfect 3rd masculine plural - and they will smoke" }, "variants": { "*haṭ*": "bow down/bend/stretch out", "*wĕtērēd*": "and come down/descend", "*gaʿ*": "touch/strike", "*wĕyeʿĕšānû*": "and they will smoke/emit smoke/be in smoke" } }
  • Isa 64:1-3 : 1 { "verseID": "Isaiah.64.1", "source": "כִּקְדֹ֧חַ אֵ֣שׁ הֲמָסִ֗ים מַ֚יִם תִּבְעֶה־אֵ֔שׁ לְהוֹדִ֥יעַ שִׁמְךָ֖ לְצָרֶ֑יךָ מִפָּנֶ֖יךָ גּוֹיִ֥ם יִרְגָּֽזוּ׃", "text": "As *qᵊdōaḥ* *ʾēš* *hămāsîm* *mayim* *tibᵊʿeh*-*ʾēš* to *hôdîaʿ* *šimᵊkā* to *ṣārêkā* from *pānêkā* *gôyim* *yirgāzû*", "grammar": { "*qᵊdōaḥ*": "infinitive construct of קדח - to kindle/burn, with comparative prefix כ", "*ʾēš*": "common feminine singular noun - fire", "*hămāsîm*": "Hiphil participle masculine plural from מסס - melting/causing to melt", "*mayim*": "common masculine plural noun - water/waters", "*tibᵊʿeh*": "Qal imperfect 3rd feminine singular from בעה - to burn/kindle", "*hôdîaʿ*": "Hiphil infinitive construct - to make known/cause to know", "*šimᵊkā*": "common masculine singular noun - name, with 2nd person masculine singular suffix", "*ṣārêkā*": "Qal participle masculine plural construct with 2nd person masculine singular suffix - your adversaries", "*pānêkā*": "common masculine plural noun construct with 2nd person masculine singular suffix - your face/presence", "*gôyim*": "common masculine plural noun - nations/gentiles", "*yirgāzû*": "Qal imperfect 3rd person masculine plural from רגז - they will tremble/quake" }, "variants": { "*qᵊdōaḥ*": "kindling/setting on fire/burning", "*hămāsîm*": "melting/dissolving/causing to melt", "*tibᵊʿeh*": "burns/kindles/sets ablaze", "*pānêkā*": "your face/your presence/before you" } } 2 { "verseID": "Isaiah.64.2", "source": "בַּעֲשׂוֹתְךָ֥ נוֹרָא֖וֹת לֹ֣א נְקַוֶּ֑ה יָרַ֕דְתָּ מִפָּנֶ֖יךָ הָרִ֥ים נָזֹֽלּוּ׃", "text": "In *ʿăśôtᵊkā* *nôrāʾôt* not *nᵊqawweh* *yāradtā* from *pānêkā* *hārîm* *nāzōllû*", "grammar": { "*ʿăśôtᵊkā*": "Qal infinitive construct with 2nd person masculine singular suffix - your doing/when you do", "*nôrāʾôt*": "Niphal participle feminine plural - fearful/awesome things", "*nᵊqawweh*": "Piel imperfect 1st person plural from קוה - we hope/expect/wait for", "*yāradtā*": "Qal perfect 2nd person masculine singular - you came down/descended", "*pānêkā*": "common masculine plural noun construct with 2nd person masculine singular suffix - your face/presence", "*hārîm*": "common masculine plural noun - mountains", "*nāzōllû*": "Qal perfect 3rd person plural from נזל - they flowed down/melted" }, "variants": { "*nôrāʾôt*": "awesome things/terrible things/fearful acts", "*nᵊqawweh*": "we hope for/we expect/we wait for", "*pānêkā*": "your face/your presence/before you", "*nāzōllû*": "flowed down/melted/quaked" } } 3 { "verseID": "Isaiah.64.3", "source": "וּמֵעוֹלָ֥ם לֹא־שָׁמְע֖וּ לֹ֣א הֶאֱזִ֑ינוּ עַ֣יִן לֹֽא־רָאָ֗תָה אֱלֹהִים֙ זוּלָ֣תְךָ֔ יַעֲשֶׂ֖ה לִמְחַכֵּה־לֽוֹ׃", "text": "And from *ʿôlām* not *šāmᵊʿû* not *heʾĕzînû* *ʿayin* not *rāʾātāh* *ʾĕlōhîm* *zûlātᵊkā* *yaʿăśeh* for *mᵊḥakkēh*-to him", "grammar": { "*ʿôlām*": "common masculine singular noun - eternity/ancient time", "*šāmᵊʿû*": "Qal perfect 3rd person plural - they heard", "*heʾĕzînû*": "Hiphil perfect 3rd person plural - they gave ear/listened", "*ʿayin*": "common feminine singular noun - eye", "*rāʾātāh*": "Qal perfect 3rd person feminine singular - it has seen", "*ʾĕlōhîm*": "common masculine plural noun - God/gods", "*zûlātᵊkā*": "preposition with 2nd person masculine singular suffix - besides you/except you", "*yaʿăśeh*": "Qal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular - he does/will do", "*mᵊḥakkēh*": "Piel participle masculine singular - one who waits for/hopes in" }, "variants": { "*ʿôlām*": "eternity/forever/ancient time", "*heʾĕzînû*": "they gave ear/they listened attentively/they paid attention", "*ʾĕlōhîm*": "God/gods (plural form with singular meaning)", "*zûlātᵊkā*": "besides you/except you/other than you", "*mᵊḥakkēh*": "one who waits for/hopes in/expects" } }
  • Nah 1:3 : 3 { "verseID": "Nahum.1.3", "source": "יְהֹוָ֗ה אֶ֤רֶךְ אַפַּ֙יִם֙ וּגְדָל־כֹּ֔חַ וְנַקֵּ֖ה לֹ֣א יְנַקֶּ֑ה יְהוָ֗ה בְּסוּפָ֤ה וּבִשְׂעָרָה֙ דַּרְכּ֔וֹ וְעָנָ֖ן אֲבַ֥ק רַגְלָֽיו׃", "text": "*YHWH* *ʾerek* *ʾappayim* *û-gədōl-kōaḥ* *wə-naqqēh* *lōʾ* *yənaqqeh* *YHWH* *bə-sûpāh* *û-biśʿārāh* *darkô* *wə-ʿānān* *ʾăbaq* *raglāyw*", "grammar": { "*YHWH*": "proper noun, divine name", "*ʾerek*": "construct state, masculine, singular - long/slow of", "*ʾappayim*": "dual form, nostrils/anger - anger/wrath", "*û-gədōl*": "conjunction + adjective, masculine, singular - and great of", "*kōaḥ*": "absolute state, masculine, singular - strength/power", "*wə-naqqēh*": "conjunction + Piel infinitive absolute - and clearing/acquitting", "*lōʾ*": "negative particle - not", "*yənaqqeh*": "Piel imperfect, 3ms - he will clear/acquit", "*bə-sûpāh*": "preposition + noun, feminine, singular - in the whirlwind/storm", "*û-biśʿārāh*": "conjunction + preposition + noun, feminine, singular - and in the tempest", "*darkô*": "noun + 3ms suffix - his way", "*wə-ʿānān*": "conjunction + noun, masculine, singular - and cloud", "*ʾăbaq*": "construct state, masculine, singular - dust of", "*raglāyw*": "noun, dual + 3ms suffix - his feet" }, "variants": { "*ʾerek* *ʾappayim*": "slow to anger/patient/longsuffering", "*gədōl-kōaḥ*": "great in power/mighty in strength", "*naqqēh* *lōʾ* *yənaqqeh*": "will by no means clear the guilty/will surely not acquit/will certainly not leave unpunished", "*sûpāh*": "whirlwind/storm/tempest", "*śʿārāh*": "tempest/storm/whirlwind", "*ʾăbaq*": "dust/powder/fine particles" } }
  • Matt 27:45 : 45 { "verseID": "Matthew.27.45", "source": "Ἀπὸ δὲ ἕκτης ὥρας σκότος ἐγένετο ἐπὶ πᾶσαν τὴν γῆν ἕως ὥρας ἐνάτης.", "text": "From but sixth *hōras* *skotos* *egeneto* upon all the *gēn* until *hōras* ninth.", "grammar": { "*hōras*": "genitive, feminine, singular - hour", "*skotos*": "nominative, neuter, singular - darkness", "*egeneto*": "aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular - became/happened", "*gēn*": "accusative, feminine, singular - land/earth", "*hōras*": "genitive, feminine, singular - hour" }, "variants": { "*hōras*": "hour [sixth hour = noon in Jewish reckoning]", "*skotos*": "darkness/gloom/obscurity", "*egeneto*": "became/happened/came to be", "*gēn*": "land/earth/region [could refer to all earth or just the local area]", "*hōras*": "hour [ninth hour = 3pm in Jewish reckoning]" } }
  • Luke 23:44-45 : 44 { "verseID": "Luke.23.44", "source": "Ἦν δὲ ὡσεὶ ὥρα ἕκτη, καὶ σκότος ἐγένετο ἐφ ὅλην τὴν γῆν ἕως ὥρας ἐνάτης.", "text": "*Ēn* *de* about *hōra* sixth, and *skotos* *egeneto* upon whole the *gēn* until *hōras* ninth.", "grammar": { "*Ēn*": "imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular - was", "*de*": "postpositive conjunction - but/and", "ὡσεὶ": "adverb - about/approximately", "*hōra*": "nominative singular feminine - hour", "ἕκτη": "nominative singular feminine - sixth", "*skotos*": "nominative singular neuter - darkness", "*egeneto*": "aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular - became/happened", "*gēn*": "accusative singular feminine - earth/land", "*hōras*": "genitive singular feminine - of hour", "ἐνάτης": "genitive singular feminine - ninth" }, "variants": { "*Ēn*": "was/existed", "*hōra*": "hour/time", "*skotos*": "darkness/gloom", "*egeneto*": "became/happened/came", "*gēn*": "earth/land/ground" } } 45 { "verseID": "Luke.23.45", "source": "Καὶ ἐσκοτίσθη ὁ ἥλιος, καί ἐσχίσθη τὸ καταπέτασμα τοῦ ναοῦ μέσον.", "text": "And was-*eskotisthē* the *hēlios*, and was-*eschisthē* the *katapetasma* of-the *naou* *meson*.", "grammar": { "*eskotisthē*": "aorist passive indicative, 3rd singular - was darkened", "*hēlios*": "nominative singular masculine - sun", "*eschisthē*": "aorist passive indicative, 3rd singular - was torn/split", "*katapetasma*": "nominative singular neuter - curtain/veil", "*naou*": "genitive singular masculine - of temple/sanctuary", "*meson*": "accusative singular neuter - middle/midst" }, "variants": { "*eskotisthē*": "was darkened/obscured", "*hēlios*": "sun", "*eschisthē*": "was torn/split/rent", "*katapetasma*": "curtain/veil", "*naou*": "temple/sanctuary", "*meson*": "middle/center/midst" } }
  • Deut 4:11 : 11 { "verseID": "Deuteronomy.4.11", "source": "וַתִּקְרְב֥וּן וַתַּֽעַמְד֖וּן תַּ֣חַת הָהָ֑ר וְהָהָ֞ר בֹּעֵ֤ר בָּאֵשׁ֙ עַד־לֵ֣ב הַשָּׁמַ֔יִם חֹ֖שֶׁךְ עָנָ֥ן וַעֲרָפֶֽל", "text": "And-*wattiqrᵉbûn* and-*wattaʿamdûn* under the-*hār*, and-the-*hār* *bōʿēr* in-the-*ʾēsh* unto-*lēb* the-*shāmayim* *ḥōshek* *ʿānān* and-*waʿărāpel*", "grammar": { "*wa*": "conjunction - and", "*ttiqrᵉbûn*": "verb, qal imperfect, second person masculine plural - you approached", "*ttaʿamdûn*": "verb, qal imperfect, second person masculine plural - you stood", "*taḥat*": "preposition - under/beneath", "*hār*": "noun, masculine singular - mountain", "*hāhār*": "noun, masculine singular with definite article - the mountain", "*bōʿēr*": "participle, qal, masculine singular - burning", "*bā*": "preposition with definite article - in the", "*ʾēsh*": "noun, feminine singular - fire", "*ʿad*": "preposition - unto/to/as far as", "*lēb*": "noun, masculine singular construct - heart of", "*shāmayim*": "noun, masculine plural - heavens/sky", "*ḥōshek*": "noun, masculine singular - darkness", "*ʿānān*": "noun, masculine singular - cloud", "*waʿărāpel*": "conjunction with noun, masculine singular - and thick darkness" }, "variants": { "*ttiqrᵉbûn*": "you approached/you came near/you drew near", "*ttaʿamdûn*": "you stood/you positioned yourselves", "*hār*": "mountain/hill/mount", "*bōʿēr*": "burning/consuming/blazing", "*ʾēsh*": "fire/flame", "*lēb*": "heart/center/midst", "*shāmayim*": "heavens/sky/atmosphere", "*ḥōshek*": "darkness/obscurity", "*ʿānān*": "cloud/mass of clouds", "*ʿărāpel*": "thick darkness/heavy clouds/gloom" } }
  • Ps 104:3 : 3 { "verseID": "Psalms.104.3", "source": "הַ֥מְקָרֶֽה בַמַּ֗יִם עֲ‍ֽלִיּ֫וֹתָ֥יו הַשָּׂם־עָבִ֥ים רְכוּב֑וֹ הַֽ֝מְהַלֵּ֗ךְ עַל־כַּנְפֵי־רֽוּחַ׃", "text": "*hamqāreh* *bammayim* *ʿaliyyôtāyw* *haśśām*-*ʿābîm* *rĕkûbô* *hamĕhallēk* *ʿal*-*kanphê*-*rûaḥ*", "grammar": { "*hamqāreh*": "definite article + participle, piel active, masculine singular - beaming, laying beams", "*bammayim*": "preposition *bě* + definite article + noun, masculine plural - in the waters", "*ʿaliyyôtāyw*": "noun, feminine plural construct with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his upper chambers", "*haśśām*": "definite article + participle, qal active, masculine singular - making, placing", "*ʿābîm*": "noun, masculine plural - clouds, thick clouds", "*rĕkûbô*": "noun, masculine singular construct with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his chariot", "*hamĕhallēk*": "definite article + participle, piel active, masculine singular - walking, going about", "*ʿal*": "preposition - upon, over", "*kanphê*": "noun, feminine plural construct - wings of", "*rûaḥ*": "noun, feminine singular - wind, spirit" }, "variants": { "*mĕqāreh*": "laying beams, roofing, framing", "*mayim*": "waters, body of water", "*ʿaliyyôt*": "upper chambers, roof chambers, upper stories", "*śām*": "placing, setting, appointing", "*ʿābîm*": "clouds, thick clouds, dark clouds", "*rĕkûb*": "chariot, vehicle, riding", "*mĕhallēk*": "walking, going, traveling", "*kanphê*": "wings, corners, edges", "*rûaḥ*": "wind, breath, spirit, air" } }