Verse 11

{ "verseID": "Ecclesiastes.9.11", "source": "שַׁ֜בְתִּי וְרָאֹ֣ה תַֽחַת־הַשֶּׁ֗מֶשׁ כִּ֣י לֹא֩ לַקַּלִּ֨ים הַמֵּר֜וֹץ וְלֹ֧א לַגִּבּוֹרִ֣ים הַמִּלְחָמָ֗ה וְ֠גַם לֹ֣א לַחֲכָמִ֥ים לֶ֙חֶם֙ וְגַ֨ם לֹ֤א לַנְּבֹנִים֙ עֹ֔שֶׁר וְגַ֛ם לֹ֥א לַיֹּדְעִ֖ים חֵ֑ן כִּי־עֵ֥ת וָפֶ֖גַע יִקְרֶ֥ה אֶת־כֻּלָּֽם׃", "text": "*Šabtî* and-*rāʾōh* *taḥat*-the-*šemeš* that not to-the-*qallîm* the-*mērôṣ* and-not to-the-*gibbôrîm* the-*milḥāmâ*, and-also not to-the-*ḥăkāmîm* *leḥem* and-also not to-the-*nĕbōnîm* *ʿōšer* and-also not to-the-*yōdĕʿîm* *ḥēn*; for-*ʿēt* and-*pegaʿ* *yiqreh* *ʾet*-all-them.", "grammar": { "*šabtî*": "verb, qal perfect, 1st person singular - I returned", "*rāʾōh*": "verb, qal infinitive absolute - to see", "*taḥat*": "preposition - under/beneath", "*šemeš*": "noun, feminine singular with article - the sun", "*qallîm*": "adjective, masculine plural with article - the swift/quick", "*mērôṣ*": "noun, masculine singular with article - the race", "*gibbôrîm*": "adjective, masculine plural with article - the mighty/strong", "*milḥāmâ*": "noun, feminine singular with article - the battle/war", "*ḥăkāmîm*": "adjective, masculine plural with article - the wise", "*leḥem*": "noun, masculine singular - bread/food", "*nĕbōnîm*": "verb, niphal participle, masculine plural with article - the discerning", "*ʿōšer*": "noun, masculine singular - riches/wealth", "*yōdĕʿîm*": "verb, qal participle, masculine plural with article - the knowing", "*ḥēn*": "noun, masculine singular - favor/grace", "*ʿēt*": "noun, feminine singular - time", "*pegaʿ*": "noun, masculine singular - chance/occurrence", "*yiqreh*": "verb, qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - happens/befalls" }, "variants": { "*šabtî*": "I returned/I turned again", "*rāʾōh*": "to see/to observe", "*taḥat-ha-šemeš*": "under the sun/in this world", "*qallîm*": "swift ones/quick ones/fast runners", "*mērôṣ*": "race/contest", "*gibbôrîm*": "mighty ones/strong ones/warriors", "*milḥāmâ*": "battle/war/combat", "*ḥăkāmîm*": "wise ones/sages", "*leḥem*": "bread/food/sustenance", "*nĕbōnîm*": "discerning ones/intelligent ones/understanding ones", "*ʿōšer*": "riches/wealth/abundance", "*yōdĕʿîm*": "knowing ones/skilled ones", "*ḥēn*": "favor/grace/approval", "*ʿēt wa-pegaʿ*": "time and chance/occasion and incident", "*yiqreh*": "happens/befalls/occurs to" } }

Other Translations

• GT, oversatt fra Hebraisk

  Igjen så jeg under solen at løpet ikke er for de raske, og krigen ikke for de sterke. Det er heller ikke brødet for de vise, rikdommen for de kloke, eller nåden for de kyndige. Men tid og tilfelle rammer dem alle.

• Moderne oversettelse av Bibelen fra 1611 KJV med hebraisk kontekst

  Jeg vendte tilbake og så under solen, at kappløpet ikke er for de raske, ei heller er kampen for de sterke, heller ikke brød for de vise, eller rikdom for de kloke, ei heller nåde for de dyktige; for tid og tilfeldighet møter dem alle.

• Norsk King James

  Jeg vendte tilbake og så under solen, at løpet ikke er til den raske, kampen ikke til de sterke, brødet ikke til de vise, rikdom heller ikke til menn med forståelse; men tid og sjanse skjer med dem alle.

• Modernisert Norsk Bibel 1866

  Jeg så under solen at løpet ikke er for de raske, krigen ikke for de sterke, brød ikke for de vise, rikdom ikke for de kloke, og gunst ikke for de dyktige; men tid og hendelser møter dem alle.

• Oversettelse av hebraiske Bibeltekster til moderne norsk bokmål

  Jeg vendte tilbake og så under solen at løpet er ikke for de raske, eller kampen for de sterke, og heller ikke brød for de vise, rikdom for de intelligente, eller gunst for de kunnskapsrike; tid og tilfeldighet skjer med dem alle.

• Bibelen: En Moderne Oversettelse av King James Version 1611

  Jeg så meg om igjen under solen, og merket at løpet ikke er for de raske, heller ikke kampen for de sterke, heller ikke brødet for de vise, ei heller rikdom for de intelligente, eller gunst for de dyktige; men tid og tilfeldighet skjer med dem alle.

• o3-mini KJV Norsk

  Jeg vendte tilbake og fant ut under solen at løpet ikke tilhører de raske, heller ikke slaget til de sterke, ikke brød for de vise, rikdom for de innsiktsfulle eller gunst for de dyktige; tid og tilfeldigheter rammer dem alle.

• En Moderne Oversettelse av King James Version 1611 (mar 2025)

  Jeg så meg om igjen under solen, og merket at løpet ikke er for de raske, heller ikke kampen for de sterke, heller ikke brødet for de vise, ei heller rikdom for de intelligente, eller gunst for de dyktige; men tid og tilfeldighet skjer med dem alle.

• Lingvistisk bibeloversettelse fra grunntekst

  Jeg vendte tilbake og så under solen at løpet er ikke for de raske eller krigen for de sterke, heller ikke er brød for de vise, eller rikdom for de kloke, eller gunst for de kunnige, for tid og tilfelle møter dem alle.

• Linguistic Bible Translation from Source Texts

  Again I saw under the sun that the race is not to the swift, nor the battle to the strong, nor does bread come to the wise, nor riches to the discerning, nor favor to the knowledgeable; but time and chance happen to them all.

• GT, oversatt fra hebraisk Aug2024

  Jeg vendte tilbake og så under solen at løpet ikke tilhører de raske, og kampen ikke tilhører de sterke, og heller ikke brødet tilhører de vise eller rikdom til de forstandige eller gunst til de dyktige; men tid og tilfeldighet skjer med dem alle.

• Original Norsk Bibel 1866

  Jeg vendte mig og saae under Solen, at Løbet er ikke i de Lettes (Magt), og Krigen ikke i de Vældiges (Magt), og ei heller Brød i de Vises (Magt), og ei heller Rigdom i de Forstandiges (Magt), og ei heller Gunst i de Vittiges (Magt); men ved Tid og Hændelse hændes det dem alle;

• King James Version 1769 (Standard Version)

  I returned, and saw under the sun, that the race is not to the swift, nor the battle to the strong, neither yet bread to the wise, nor yet riches to men of understanding, nor yet favour to men of skill; but time and chance happeneth to them all.

• KJV 1769 norsk

  Jeg vendte tilbake og så under solen, at løpet ikke er for de raske, ei heller kampen for de sterke, heller ikke brød til de vise, eller rikdom til de kloke, ei heller gunst for de dyktige; men tid og tilfeldigheter skjer med dem alle.

• KJV1611 - Moderne engelsk

  I returned, and saw under the sun, that the race is not to the swift, nor the battle to the strong, nor bread to the wise, nor riches to men of understanding, nor favor to men of skill; but time and chance happen to them all.

• King James Version 1611 (Original)

  I returned, and saw under the sun, that the race is not to the swift, nor the battle to the strong, neither yet bread to the wise, nor yet riches to men of understanding, nor yet favour to men of skill; but time and chance happeneth to them all.

• Norsk oversettelse av Webster

  Jeg vendte tilbake, og så under solen, at kappløpet ikke er for de raske, heller ikke kampen for de sterke, heller ikke brød til de vise, heller ikke rikdom til mennesker med forståelse, heller ikke gunst til mennesker med dyktighet; men tid og tilfelle skjer for dem alle.

• Norsk oversettelse av Youngs Literal Translation

  Jeg har sett under solen: Ikke alltid får den raske seieren, eller den sterke seieren i kampen, ikke alltid får den vise brød eller den intelligente rikdom eller den dyktige gunst, for tid og anledning kommer for alle.

• Norsk oversettelse av ASV1901

  Jeg vendte tilbake og så under solen, at løpet ikke er til de raske, heller ikke kampen til de sterke, heller ikke brød til de vise, heller ikke rikdom til de forståelsesfulle, heller ikke gunst til de dyktige; men tid og tilfelle kommer over dem alle.

• Norsk oversettelse av BBE

  Igjen så jeg under solen: Prisen er ikke alltid for den raske, og krigens frukter for den sterke; det er verken brød for de kloke, rikdom for de lærde, eller respekt for de som har kunnskap; men tid og tilfeldighet venter på alle.

• Coverdale Bible (1535)

  So I turned me vnto other thinges vnder ye Sonne, and I sawe, that in runnynge, it helpeth not to be swift: in batayll, it helpeth not to be stronge: to fedynge, it helpeth not to be wyse: to riches, it helpeth not to be sutyll: to be had in fauoure, it helpeth not to be connynge: but that all lyeth in tyme & fortune.

• Geneva Bible (1560)

  I returned, and I sawe vnder the sunne that the race is not to the swift, nor the battell to the strong, nor yet bread to the wise, nor also riches to men of vnderstanding, neither yet fauour to men of knowledge: but time and chance commeth to them all.

• Bishops' Bible (1568)

  So I turned me vnto other thinges vnder the sunne, & I sawe that in running it helpeth not to be swift, in battell it helpeth not to be strong, to feeding it helpeth not to be wyse, to riches it helpeth not to be a man of muche vnderstanding, to be had in fauour it helpeth not to be cunning: but that all lieth in tyme and fortune.

• Authorized King James Version (1611)

  ¶ I returned, and saw under the sun, that the race [is] not to the swift, nor the battle to the strong, neither yet bread to the wise, nor yet riches to men of understanding, nor yet favour to men of skill; but time and chance happeneth to them all.

• Webster's Bible (1833)

  I returned, and saw under the sun, that the race is not to the swift, nor the battle to the strong, neither yet bread to the wise, nor yet riches to men of understanding, nor yet favor to men of skill; but time and chance happen to them all.

• Young's Literal Translation (1862/1898)

  I have turned so as to see under the sun, that not to the swift `is' the race, nor to the mighty the battle, nor even to the wise bread, nor even to the intelligent wealth, nor even to the skilful grace, for time and chance happen with them all.

• American Standard Version (1901)

  I returned, and saw under the sun, that the race is not to the swift, nor the battle to the strong, neither yet bread to the wise, nor yet riches to men of understanding, nor yet favor to men of skill; but time and chance happeneth to them all.

• Bible in Basic English (1941)

  And again I saw under the sun that the reward goes not to him who is quick, or the fruits of war to the strong; and there is no bread for the wise, or wealth for men of learning, or respect for those who have knowledge; but time and chance come to all.

• World English Bible (2000)

  I returned, and saw under the sun, that the race is not to the swift, nor the battle to the strong, neither yet bread to the wise, nor yet riches to men of understanding, nor yet favor to men of skill; but time and chance happen to them all.

• NET Bible® (New English Translation)

  Wisdom Cannot Protect against Seemingly Chance Events Again, I observed this on the earth: the race is not always won by the swiftest, the battle is not always won by the strongest; prosperity does not always belong to those who are the wisest, wealth does not always belong to those who are the most discerning, nor does success always come to those with the most knowledge– for time and chance may overcome them all.

Referenced Verses

• Jer 9:23 : 23 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.9.23", "source": "כִּ֣י אִם־בְּזֹ֞את יִתְהַלֵּ֣ל הַמִּתְהַלֵּ֗ל הַשְׂכֵּל֮ וְיָדֹ֣עַ אוֹתִי֒ כִּ֚י אֲנִ֣י יְהוָ֔ה עֹ֥שֶׂה חֶ֛סֶד מִשְׁפָּ֥ט וּצְדָקָ֖ה בָּאָ֑רֶץ כִּֽי־בְאֵ֥לֶּה חָפַ֖צְתִּי נְאֻם־יְהוָֽה׃", "text": "*kî* *'im*-in-this *yithallēl* *hammithallēl* *haśkēl* *wĕyādōa'* *'ôtî* *kî* *'ănî* *YHWH* *'ōśeh* *ḥesed* *mišpāṭ* *ûṣĕdāqāh* in-the-*'āreṣ* *kî*-in-these *ḥāpaṣtî* *nĕ'um*-*YHWH*", "grammar": { "*kî*": "conjunction - but/rather", "*'im*": "conditional particle - if", "*yithallēl*": "imperfect verb, 3rd person masculine singular, hitpael, jussive - let him boast", "*hammithallēl*": "participle, masculine singular, hitpael with definite article - the one boasting", "*haśkēl*": "infinitive absolute, hiphil - understanding", "*wĕyādōa'*": "conjunction + infinitive absolute - and knowing", "*'ôtî*": "direct object marker with 1st person singular suffix - me", "*kî*": "conjunction - that", "*'ănî*": "1st person singular pronoun - I", "*YHWH*": "divine name", "*'ōśeh*": "participle, masculine singular - doing/practicing", "*ḥesed*": "masculine noun - lovingkindness", "*mišpāṭ*": "masculine noun - justice", "*ûṣĕdāqāh*": "conjunction + feminine noun - and righteousness", "*'āreṣ*": "feminine noun with prefixed preposition - in the earth", "*kî*": "conjunction - for", "*ḥāpaṣtî*": "perfect verb, 1st person singular - I delight", "*nĕ'um-YHWH*": "construct phrase - declaration of YHWH" }, "variants": { "*kî 'im*": "but rather/except in/only in", "*yithallēl*": "let him boast/glory/praise himself", "*hammithallēl*": "the one boasting/glorying/priding himself", "*haśkēl wĕyādōa'*": "understanding and knowing (emphatic construction)", "*'ôtî*": "me/myself", "*'ōśeh*": "doing/practicing/performing", "*ḥesed*": "lovingkindness/steadfast love/mercy", "*mišpāṭ*": "justice/judgment/right", "*ûṣĕdāqāh*": "and righteousness/equity/virtue", "*'āreṣ*": "earth/land/world", "*ḥāpaṣtî*": "I delight/take pleasure/desire", "*nĕ'um-YHWH*": "declaration of YHWH/utterance of YHWH" } }
• Prov 21:30-31 : 30 { "verseID": "Proverbs.21.30", "source": "אֵ֣ין חָ֭כְמָה וְאֵ֣ין תְּבוּנָ֑ה וְאֵ֥ין עֵ֝צָ֗ה לְנֶ֣גֶד יְהוָֽה", "text": "There-is-no *ḥāḵmāh* and-there-is-no *tĕḇûnāh* and-there-is-no *ʿēṣāh* against *YHWH*", "grammar": { "*ḥāḵmāh*": "feminine singular noun - wisdom", "*tĕḇûnāh*": "feminine singular noun - understanding", "*ʿēṣāh*": "feminine singular noun - counsel/advice", "*YHWH*": "divine name - LORD" }, "variants": { "*ḥāḵmāh*": "wisdom/skill", "*tĕḇûnāh*": "understanding/insight/intelligence", "*ʿēṣāh*": "counsel/advice/plan" } } 31 { "verseID": "Proverbs.21.31", "source": "ס֗וּס מ֭וּכָן לְי֣וֹם מִלְחָמָ֑ה וְ֝לַֽיהוָ֗ה הַתְּשׁוּעָֽה", "text": "*sûs* *mûḵān* for-*yôm* *milḥāmāh* and-to-*YHWH* *hattĕšûʿāh*", "grammar": { "*sûs*": "masculine singular noun - horse", "*mûḵān*": "hophal participle masculine singular - being prepared", "*yôm*": "construct masculine singular noun - day of", "*milḥāmāh*": "feminine singular noun - battle/war", "*YHWH*": "divine name - LORD", "*hattĕšûʿāh*": "feminine singular noun with article - the deliverance/victory" }, "variants": { "*sûs*": "horse/steed", "*mûḵān*": "being prepared/made ready", "*yôm*": "day/time", "*milḥāmāh*": "battle/war/fighting", "*hattĕšûʿāh*": "the deliverance/victory/salvation" } }
• Lam 3:37-38 : 37 { "verseID": "Lamentations.3.37", "source": "מִ֣י זֶ֤ה אָמַר֙ וַתֶּ֔הִי אֲדֹנָ֖י לֹ֥א צִוָּֽה׃", "text": "Who this *ʾāmar* *wattehî* *ʾădōnāy* not *ṣiwwâ*", "grammar": { "*ʾāmar*": "verb, qal perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - he said", "*wattehî*": "verb, qal imperfect consecutive, 3rd person feminine singular - and it came to pass", "*ʾădōnāy*": "noun, masculine singular construct with 1st person plural suffix - my Lord", "*ṣiwwâ*": "verb, piel perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - he commanded" }, "variants": { "*ʾāmar*": "he said/he spoke/he commanded", "*wattehî*": "and it came to pass/and it happened", "*ʾădōnāy*": "my Lord/the Lord", "*ṣiwwâ*": "he commanded/he ordered" } } 38 { "verseID": "Lamentations.3.38", "source": "מִפִּ֤י עֶלְיוֹן֙ לֹ֣א תֵצֵ֔א הָרָע֖וֹת וְהַטּֽוֹב׃", "text": "From *pî* *ʿelyôn* not *tēṣēʾ* the *rāʿôt* and the *ṭôb*", "grammar": { "*pî*": "noun, masculine singular construct - mouth of", "*ʿelyôn*": "adjective, masculine singular - Most High", "*tēṣēʾ*": "verb, qal imperfect, 3rd person feminine singular - comes forth", "*rāʿôt*": "adjective, feminine plural with definite article - the evil things", "*ṭôb*": "adjective, masculine singular with definite article - the good" }, "variants": { "*pî*": "mouth of/command of", "*ʿelyôn*": "Most High/Highest", "*tēṣēʾ*": "comes forth/proceeds/goes out", "*rāʿôt*": "the evil things/the calamities", "*ṭôb*": "the good/the prosperity" } }
• Amos 2:14-16 : 14 { "verseID": "Amos.2.14", "source": "וְאָבַ֤ד מָנוֹס֙ מִקָּ֔ל וְחָזָ֖ק לֹא־יְאַמֵּ֣ץ כֹּח֑וֹ וְגִבּ֖וֹר לֹא־יְמַלֵּ֥ט נַפְשֽׁוֹ׃", "text": "*wə-ʾābad mānôs miqqāl wə-ḥāzāq lōʾ-yəʾammēṣ kōḥô wə-gibbôr lōʾ-yəmallēṭ napšô*", "grammar": { "*wə-ʾābad*": "conjunction + qal perfect 3rd masculine singular - and shall perish", "*mānôs*": "masculine singular - flight/refuge", "*miqqāl*": "preposition + definite article + adjective masculine singular - from the swift", "*wə-ḥāzāq*": "conjunction + adjective masculine singular - and strong", "*lōʾ-yəʾammēṣ*": "negative particle + piel imperfect 3rd masculine singular - shall not strengthen", "*kōḥô*": "masculine singular with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his strength", "*wə-gibbôr*": "conjunction + masculine singular - and mighty man", "*lōʾ-yəmallēṭ*": "negative particle + piel imperfect 3rd masculine singular - shall not deliver", "*napšô*": "feminine singular with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his soul/life" }, "variants": { "*ʾābad*": "shall perish/shall be lost/shall vanish", "*mānôs*": "flight/refuge/escape", "*qāl*": "swift/quick/fleet", "*ḥāzāq*": "strong/mighty/powerful", "*yəʾammēṣ*": "shall strengthen/shall make firm", "*kōaḥ*": "strength/power/might", "*gibbôr*": "mighty man/warrior/hero", "*yəmallēṭ*": "shall deliver/shall rescue/shall save", "*nepeš*": "soul/life/self" } } 15 { "verseID": "Amos.2.15", "source": "וְתֹפֵ֤שׂ הַקֶּ֙שֶׁת֙ לֹ֣א יַעֲמֹ֔ד וְקַ֥ל בְּרַגְלָ֖יו לֹ֣א יְמַלֵּ֑ט וְרֹכֵ֣ב הַסּ֔וּס לֹ֥א יְמַלֵּ֖ט נַפְשֽׁוֹ׃", "text": "*wə-tōpēś haqqešet lōʾ yaʿămōd wə-qal bəraglāyw lōʾ yəmallēṭ wə-rōkēb hassûs lōʾ yəmallēṭ napšô*", "grammar": { "*wə-tōpēś*": "conjunction + qal participle masculine singular construct - and handler/grasper of", "*haqqešet*": "definite article + feminine singular - the bow", "*lōʾ*": "negative particle - not", "*yaʿămōd*": "qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - he shall stand", "*wə-qal*": "conjunction + adjective masculine singular - and swift", "*bəraglāyw*": "preposition + feminine dual with 3rd masculine singular suffix - with his feet", "*lōʾ*": "negative particle - not", "*yəmallēṭ*": "piel imperfect 3rd masculine singular - he shall deliver", "*wə-rōkēb*": "conjunction + qal participle masculine singular construct - and rider of", "*hassûs*": "definite article + masculine singular - the horse", "*lōʾ*": "negative particle - not", "*yəmallēṭ*": "piel imperfect 3rd masculine singular - he shall deliver", "*napšô*": "feminine singular with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his soul/life" }, "variants": { "*tōpēś*": "handler/grasper/holder", "*qešet*": "bow/archer's weapon", "*yaʿămōd*": "he shall stand/he shall withstand/he shall resist", "*qal*": "swift/quick/fleet", "*bəraglāyw*": "with his feet/in his feet/by his feet", "*yəmallēṭ*": "he shall deliver/he shall rescue/he shall save", "*rōkēb*": "rider/one who rides", "*sûs*": "horse/steed", "*nepeš*": "soul/life/self" } } 16 { "verseID": "Amos.2.16", "source": "וְאַמִּ֥יץ לִבּ֖וֹ בַּגִּבּוֹרִ֑ים עָר֛וֹם יָנ֥וּס בַּיּוֹם־הַה֖וּא נְאֻם־יְהוָֽה׃ פ", "text": "*wə-ʾammîṣ libbô baggibôrîm ʿārôm yānûs bayyôm-hahûʾ nəʾum-YHWH*", "grammar": { "*wə-ʾammîṣ*": "conjunction + adjective masculine singular construct - and strong of", "*libbô*": "masculine singular with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his heart", "*baggibôrîm*": "preposition + definite article + masculine plural - among the mighty", "*ʿārôm*": "adjective masculine singular - naked", "*yānûs*": "qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - he shall flee", "*bayyôm-hahûʾ*": "preposition + definite article + masculine singular + definite article + demonstrative pronoun - in that day", "*nəʾum-YHWH*": "masculine singular construct + divine name - declaration of Yahweh/LORD" }, "variants": { "*ʾammîṣ*": "strong/brave/courageous", "*lēb*": "heart/mind/inner self", "*gibôrîm*": "mighty ones/warriors/heroes", "*ʿārôm*": "naked/stripped/bare", "*yānûs*": "he shall flee/he shall run away/he shall escape", "*yôm-hahûʾ*": "that day/that time", "*nəʾum-YHWH*": "declaration of YHWH/oracle of the LORD/says YHWH" } }
• Eph 1:11 : 11 { "verseID": "Ephesians.1.11", "source": "Ἐν ᾧ καὶ ἐκληρώθημεν, προορισθέντες κατὰ πρόθεσιν τοῦ τὰ πάντα ἐνεργοῦντος κατὰ τὴν βουλὴν τοῦ θελήματος αὐτοῦ:", "text": "In whom also we *eklērōthēmen*, having been *prooristhentes* according to *prothesin* of the one the *panta* *energountos* according to the *boulēn* of the *thelēmatos* of him:", "grammar": { "*En*": "preposition governing dative - sphere/location", "*hō*": "relative pronoun, dative, masculine, singular - referring to *Christō*", "*kai*": "adverb - also/even", "*eklērōthēmen*": "aorist passive indicative, 1st plural - main verb", "*prooristhentes*": "aorist passive participle, nominative, masculine, plural - circumstantial", "*kata*": "preposition governing accusative - standard/norm", "*prothesin*": "accusative, feminine, singular - object of preposition", "*panta*": "accusative, neuter, plural - direct object", "*energountos*": "present active participle, genitive, masculine, singular - substantive", "*kata*": "preposition governing accusative - standard/norm", "*boulēn*": "accusative, feminine, singular - object of preposition", "*thelēmatos*": "genitive, neuter, singular - possessive", "*autou*": "genitive, masculine, singular - possessive" }, "variants": { "*eklērōthēmen*": "obtained an inheritance/were chosen as inheritance", "*prooristhentes*": "predestined/predetermined/foreordained", "*prothesin*": "purpose/plan/intention", "*panta*": "all things/everything", "*energountos*": "works/operates/accomplishes", "*boulēn*": "counsel/purpose/will", "*thelēmatos*": "will/desire/purpose" } }
• Jer 46:6 : 6 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.46.6", "source": "אַל־יָנ֣וּס הַקַּ֔ל וְאַל־יִמָּלֵ֖ט הַגִּבּ֑וֹר צָפ֙וֹנָה֙ עַל־יַ֣ד נְהַר־פְּרָ֔ת כָּשְׁל֖וּ וְנָפָֽלוּ׃", "text": "*ʾal*-*yānûs* the-*qal* *wə*-*ʾal*-*yimmālēṭ* the-*gibbôr*; northward by-*yad* *nəhar*-*Pərāt* *kāšəlû* *wə*-*nāpālû*.", "grammar": { "*ʾal*-*yānûs*": "negative particle + qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular, jussive - let not flee", "*qal*": "adjective, masculine singular with definite article - the swift", "*wə*-*ʾal*-*yimmālēṭ*": "conjunction + negative particle + niphal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular, jussive - and let not escape", "*gibbôr*": "adjective, masculine singular with definite article - the mighty man", "*ṣāpônāh*": "noun, feminine singular with directional suffix - northward", "*yad*": "noun, feminine singular, construct state with preposition (עַל) - by the side of", "*nəhar*-*Pərāt*": "noun, masculine singular, construct + proper name - river of Euphrates", "*kāšəlû*": "qal perfect, 3rd common plural - they have stumbled", "*wə*-*nāpālû*": "conjunction + qal perfect, 3rd common plural - and they have fallen" }, "variants": { "*yānûs*": "flee/escape/run away", "*qal*": "swift/light/nimble", "*yimmālēṭ*": "escape/deliver himself/slip away", "*gibbôr*": "mighty man/warrior/hero", "*yad*": "hand/side/bank", "*kāšəlû*": "stumbled/staggered/failed", "*nāpālû*": "fallen/collapsed/been defeated" } }
• Ps 33:16-17 : 16 { "verseID": "Psalms.33.16", "source": "אֵֽין־הַ֭מֶּלֶךְ נוֹשָׁ֣ע בְּרָב־חָ֑יִל גִּ֝בּ֗וֹר לֹֽא־יִנָּצֵ֥ל בְּרָב־כֹּֽחַ׃", "text": "No the-*meleḵ* *nôšāʿ* by-great-*ḥayil* *gibbôr* not-*yinnāṣēl* by-great-*kōaḥ*", "grammar": { "*ʾên*": "particle of negation - no/not", "*ha-meleḵ*": "masculine singular noun with definite article - the king", "*nôšāʿ*": "niphal participle, masculine singular - being saved/delivered", "*bə-rāb*": "masculine singular adjective with preposition *bə-* (by/with) - by great/abundance of", "*ḥayil*": "masculine singular noun - army/force/strength", "*gibbôr*": "masculine singular adjective/noun - mighty man/warrior", "*lōʾ*": "negative particle - not", "*yinnāṣēl*": "niphal imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - is delivered/rescued", "*bə-rāb*": "masculine singular adjective with preposition *bə-* (by/with) - by great/abundance of", "*kōaḥ*": "masculine singular noun - strength/power" }, "variants": { "*meleḵ*": "king/ruler/sovereign", "*nôšāʿ*": "being saved/delivered/rescued", "*ḥayil*": "army/force/strength/wealth/power", "*gibbôr*": "mighty man/warrior/hero/champion", "*yinnāṣēl*": "is delivered/rescued/saved/escapes", "*kōaḥ*": "strength/power/might/force" } } 17 { "verseID": "Psalms.33.17", "source": "שֶׁ֣קֶר הַ֭סּוּס לִתְשׁוּעָ֑ה וּבְרֹ֥ב חֵ֝יל֗וֹ לֹ֣א יְמַלֵּֽט׃", "text": "*Šeqer* the-*sûs* for-*təšûʿāh* and-by-greatness-of *ḥêlô* not *yəmallēṭ*", "grammar": { "*Šeqer*": "masculine singular noun - deception/falsehood", "*ha-sûs*": "masculine singular noun with definite article - the horse", "*li-təšûʿāh*": "feminine singular noun with preposition *lə-* (for) - for salvation/deliverance", "*û-bə-rōb*": "masculine singular noun with conjunction *wə-* and preposition *bə-* (and by) - and by abundance", "*ḥêlô*": "masculine singular noun with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his strength/might", "*lōʾ*": "negative particle - not", "*yəmallēṭ*": "piel imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - delivers/rescues" }, "variants": { "*Šeqer*": "deception/falsehood/lie/vain", "*sûs*": "horse/steed", "*təšûʿāh*": "salvation/deliverance/victory/help", "*rōb*": "abundance/greatness/multitude", "*ḥêlô*": "his strength/his might/his power/his force", "*yəmallēṭ*": "delivers/rescues/saves/allows escape" } }
• Ps 73:6-7 : 6 { "verseID": "Psalms.73.6", "source": "לָ֭כֵן עֲנָקַ֣תְמוֹ גַאֲוָ֑ה יַעֲטָף־שִׁ֝֗ית חָמָ֥ס לָֽמוֹ׃", "text": "*Lachen anaqatmo ga'awah*; *ya'ataf-shit chamas lamo*.", "grammar": { "*Lachen*": "conjunction - therefore", "*anaqatmo*": "verb, qal perfect, 3rd person feminine singular + enclitic mem + 3rd person masculine plural suffix - it encircles them", "*ga'awah*": "noun, feminine singular - pride", "*ya'ataf*": "verb, qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - it covers/wraps", "*shit*": "noun, masculine singular construct - garment of", "*chamas*": "noun, masculine singular - violence", "*lamo*": "preposition + 3rd person masculine plural suffix - to/for them" }, "variants": { "*anaqatmo*": "necklace/chain/encircles them (unusual form, possibly from root for 'neck')", "*ga'awah*": "pride/arrogance/majesty", "*ya'ataf*": "covers/wraps/envelops", "*shit*": "garment/covering", "*chamas*": "violence/wrong/injustice", "*lamo*": "to them/for them (poetic form)" } } 7 { "verseID": "Psalms.73.7", "source": "יָ֭צָא מֵחֵ֣לֶב עֵינֵ֑מוֹ עָ֝בְר֗וּ מַשְׂכִּיּ֥וֹת לֵבָֽב׃", "text": "*Yatza mechelev eynemo*; *avru maskiyot levav*.", "grammar": { "*Yatza*": "verb, qal perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - goes out/comes forth", "*mechelev*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular - from fat", "*eynemo*": "noun, common dual construct + 3rd person masculine plural suffix - their eye", "*avru*": "verb, qal perfect, 3rd person common plural - they pass over/exceed", "*maskiyot*": "noun, feminine plural construct - imaginations/pictures of", "*levav*": "noun, masculine singular - heart" }, "variants": { "*yatza*": "goes out/protrudes/comes forth", "*chelev*": "fat/grease/richness", "*eynemo*": "their eye/their appearance", "*avru*": "they pass over/exceed/transgress", "*maskiyot*": "imaginations/pictures/thoughts/desires", "*levav*": "heart/mind/inner person" } }
• Ps 147:10-11 : 10 { "verseID": "Psalms.147.10", "source": "לֹ֤א בִגְבוּרַ֣ת הַסּ֣וּס יֶחְפָּ֑ץ לֹֽא־בְשׁוֹקֵ֖י הָאִ֣ישׁ יִרְצֶֽה׃", "text": "*Lōʾ bigbūrat hassūs yehpāts lōʾ-beshōwqê hāʾîsh yirtseh*", "grammar": { "*Lōʾ*": "negative particle - not", "*bigbūrat*": "preposition + noun, feminine singular construct - in the strength of", "*hassūs*": "definite article + noun, masculine singular - the horse", "*yehpāts*": "imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular, Qal - he delights", "*beshōwqê*": "preposition + noun, masculine plural construct - in the legs of", "*hāʾîsh*": "definite article + noun, masculine singular - the man", "*yirtseh*": "imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular, Qal - he takes pleasure" }, "variants": { "*bigbūrat*": "in the strength/in the power/in the might", "*yehpāts*": "delights/takes pleasure/desires", "*shōwqê*": "legs/thighs/strength", "*yirtseh*": "takes pleasure/is pleased with/favors/desires" } } 11 { "verseID": "Psalms.147.11", "source": "רוֹצֶ֣ה יְ֭הוָה אֶת־יְרֵאָ֑יו אֶת־הַֽמְיַחֲלִ֥ים לְחַסְדּֽוֹ׃", "text": "*Rōwtseh YHWH ʾet-yerēʾāyw ʾet-hamyahalîm lehasdōw*", "grammar": { "*Rōwtseh*": "participle, masculine singular, Qal - taking pleasure/delighting", "*YHWH*": "divine name", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*yerēʾāyw*": "noun, masculine plural + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - those who fear him", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*hamyahalîm*": "definite article + participle, masculine plural, Piel - those hoping/waiting", "*lehasdōw*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - for his lovingkindness" }, "variants": { "*Rōwtseh*": "takes pleasure in/delights in/favors", "*yerēʾāyw*": "those who fear him/his fearers/those in awe of him", "*hamyahalîm*": "those who hope/those who wait/those who expect", "*hasdōw*": "his lovingkindness/his steadfast love/his mercy/his covenant faithfulness" } }
• Eccl 2:12 : 12 { "verseID": "Ecclesiastes.2.12", "source": "וּפָנִ֤יתִֽי אֲנִי֙ לִרְא֣וֹת חָכְמָ֔ה וְהוֹלֵל֖וֹת וְסִכְל֑וּת כִּ֣י ׀ מֶ֣ה הָאָדָ֗ם שֶׁיָּבוֹא֙ אַחֲרֵ֣י הַמֶּ֔לֶךְ אֵ֥ת אֲשֶׁר־כְּבָ֖ר עָשֽׂוּהוּ׃", "text": "And *pānîtî* I to *lirʾôt* *ḥokmāh* and *hôlēlôt* and *siklût* because what the-*ʾādām* *sheyyābôʾ* after the-*melek* *ʾēt ʾăsher-kĕbār* *ʿāśûhû*.", "grammar": { "*pānîtî*": "perfect, 1st singular - I turned/faced", "*lirʾôt*": "preposition + infinitive construct - to see", "*ḥokmāh*": "feminine singular noun - wisdom", "*hôlēlôt*": "feminine plural noun - madness", "*siklût*": "feminine singular noun - folly", "*ʾādām*": "masculine singular noun with definite article - the man", "*sheyyābôʾ*": "relative particle + imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - who will come", "*melek*": "masculine singular noun with definite article - the king", "*ʾēt ʾăsher-kĕbār*": "direct object marker + relative particle + adverb - that which already", "*ʿāśûhû*": "perfect, 3rd plural + 3rd masculine singular suffix - they did it/him" }, "variants": { "*pānîtî*": "I turned/applied myself/considered", "*lirʾôt*": "to see/observe/consider", "*ḥokmāh*": "wisdom/skill/intelligence", "*hôlēlôt*": "madness/folly/senselessness", "*siklût*": "folly/foolishness/stupidity", "*meh hāʾādām sheyyābôʾ*": "what can the man who comes/follows do", "*ʾēt ʾăsher-kĕbār ʿāśûhû*": "that which has already been done" } }
• Eccl 2:14-15 : 14 { "verseID": "Ecclesiastes.2.14", "source": "הֶֽחָכָם֙ עֵינָ֣יו בְּרֹאשׁ֔וֹ וְהַכְּסִ֖יל בַּחֹ֣שֶׁךְ הוֹלֵ֑ךְ וְיָדַ֣עְתִּי גַם־אָ֔נִי שֶׁמִּקְרֶ֥ה אֶחָ֖ד יִקְרֶ֥ה אֶת־כֻּלָּֽם׃", "text": "The-*ḥākām* *ʿênāyw* in *rōʾshô* and the-*kĕsîl* in the-*ḥōshek* *hôlēk* and *yādaʿtî* also-I *shemmiqreh* *ʾeḥād* *yiqreh* *ʾet*-all of them.", "grammar": { "*ḥākām*": "masculine singular adjective with definite article - the wise person", "*ʿênāyw*": "dual noun + 3rd masculine singular suffix - his eyes", "*rōʾshô*": "masculine singular noun + preposition + 3rd masculine singular suffix - in his head", "*kĕsîl*": "masculine singular adjective with definite article - the fool", "*ḥōshek*": "masculine singular noun with definite article + preposition - in the darkness", "*hôlēk*": "Qal participle, masculine singular - walking/going", "*yādaʿtî*": "perfect, 1st singular - I knew", "*shemmiqreh*": "relative particle + masculine singular noun - that the fate/event", "*ʾeḥād*": "numeral, masculine singular - one", "*yiqreh*": "imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - will happen/befall", "*ʾet-kullām*": "direct object marker + noun + 3rd masculine plural suffix - all of them" }, "variants": { "*ḥākām*": "wise person/sage", "*ʿênāyw bĕrōʾshô*": "his eyes are in his head (idiom: he sees clearly/pays attention)", "*kĕsîl*": "fool/stupid person", "*baḥōshek hôlēk*": "walks in darkness/goes about in darkness", "*miqreh*": "happening/event/fate/destiny", "*miqreh ʾeḥād yiqreh ʾet-kullām*": "one event/fate will happen to all of them" } } 15 { "verseID": "Ecclesiastes.2.15", "source": "וְאָמַ֨רְתִּֽי אֲנִ֜י בְּלִבִּ֗י כְּמִקְרֵ֤ה הַכְּסִיל֙ גַּם־אֲנִ֣י יִקְרֵ֔נִי וְלָ֧מָּה חָכַ֛מְתִּי אֲנִ֖י אָ֣ז יוֹתֵ֑ר וְדִבַּ֣רְתִּי בְלִבִּ֔י שֶׁגַּם־זֶ֖ה הָֽבֶל׃", "text": "And *ʾāmartî* I in *libbî* as *kĕmiqrēh* the-*kĕsîl* also-I *yiqrēnî* and why *ḥākamtî* I then *yôtēr* and *dibbartî* in *libbî* that also-this *hābel*.", "grammar": { "*ʾāmartî*": "perfect, 1st singular - I said", "*libbî*": "masculine singular noun + 1st person suffix + preposition - in my heart", "*kĕmiqrēh*": "preposition + masculine singular construct - as the fate of", "*kĕsîl*": "masculine singular adjective with definite article - the fool", "*yiqrēnî*": "imperfect, 3rd masculine singular + 1st person suffix - will happen to me", "*ḥākamtî*": "perfect, 1st singular - I became wise", "*yôtēr*": "adverb - exceedingly/more", "*dibbartî*": "Piel perfect, 1st singular - I spoke", "*hābel*": "masculine singular noun - vapor/vanity" }, "variants": { "*ʾāmartî bĕlibbî*": "I said in my heart/I thought to myself", "*kĕmiqrēh hakkĕsîl*": "as the fate/event of the fool", "*yiqrēnî*": "will happen to me/will befall me", "*ḥākamtî*": "I became wise/I have been wise", "*yôtēr*": "more/exceedingly/greatly", "*dibbartî bĕlibbî*": "I said in my heart/concluded within myself", "*hābel*": "vapor/breath/emptiness/vanity/futility/meaninglessness" } }
• Eccl 3:14 : 14 { "verseID": "Ecclesiastes.3.14", "source": "יָדַ֗עְתִּי כִּ֠י כָּל־אֲשֶׁ֨ר יַעֲשֶׂ֤ה הָאֱלֹהִים֙ ה֚וּא יִהְיֶ֣ה לְעוֹלָ֔ם עָלָיו֙ אֵ֣ין לְהוֹסִ֔יף וּמִמֶּ֖נּוּ אֵ֣ין לִגְרֹ֑עַ וְהָאֱלֹהִ֣ים עָשָׂ֔ה שֶׁיִּֽרְא֖וּ מִלְּפָנָֽיו׃", "text": "*yāḏaʿtî* that all-*ʾăšer* *yaʿăśeh* the-*ʾĕlōhîm* *hûʾ* *yihyeh* to-*ʿôlām*, upon-it *ʾên* to-*ləhôsîp̄* *û*-from-it *ʾên* to-*liḡrōaʿ*, *wə*-the-*ʾĕlōhîm* *ʿāśâ* that-*yîrəʾû* from-before-him", "grammar": { "*yāḏaʿtî*": "verb, qal perfect, 1st person singular - I know/knew", "*kî*": "conjunction - that/because", "*kol*": "adjective - all/every", "*ʾăšer*": "relative particle - that/which", "*yaʿăśeh*": "verb, qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - he will do", "*hā-ʾĕlōhîm*": "definite article + noun, masculine plural (with singular meaning) - God", "*hûʾ*": "personal pronoun, masculine singular - he/it", "*yihyeh*": "verb, qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - it will be", "*lə*": "preposition - to/for", "*ʿôlām*": "noun, masculine singular - forever/eternity", "*ʿālāyw*": "preposition + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - upon it", "*ʾên*": "particle of negation - there is not", "*lə*": "preposition - to/for", "*hôsîp̄*": "verb, hiphil infinitive construct - to add", "*û*": "conjunction - and", "*mimmennû*": "preposition + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - from it", "*liḡrōaʿ*": "verb, qal infinitive construct - to diminish/subtract", "*wə*": "conjunction - and", "*hā-ʾĕlōhîm*": "definite article + noun, masculine plural (with singular meaning) - God", "*ʿāśâ*": "verb, qal perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - he made/did", "*še*": "relative particle - that", "*yîrəʾû*": "verb, qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine plural - they will fear", "*mil-lə-p̄ānāyw*": "preposition compound + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - from before him" }, "variants": { "*yāḏaʿtî*": "I know/knew/understand", "*yaʿăśeh*": "will do/make/accomplish", "*yihyeh*": "will be/exist/happen", "*ʿôlām*": "forever/eternity/long duration", "*hôsîp̄*": "to add/increase/do again", "*liḡrōaʿ*": "to diminish/subtract/take away", "*ʿāśâ*": "made/did/accomplished", "*yîrəʾû*": "they will fear/be afraid/stand in awe" } }
• Eccl 3:17 : 17 { "verseID": "Ecclesiastes.3.17", "source": "אָמַ֤רְתִּֽי אֲנִי֙ בְּלִבִּ֔י אֶת־הַצַּדִּיק֙ וְאֶת־הָ֣רָשָׁ֔ע יִשְׁפֹּ֖ט הָאֱלֹהִ֑ים כִּי־עֵ֣ת לְכָל־חֵ֔פֶץ וְעַ֥ל כָּל־הַֽמַּעֲשֶׂ֖ה שָֽׁם׃", "text": "*ʾāmartî* *ʾănî* in-*libbî* *ʾeṯ*-the-*ṣaddîq* *wə*-*ʾeṯ*-the-*rāšāʿ* *yišpōṭ* the-*ʾĕlōhîm* for-*ʿēt* to-every-*ḥēp̄eṣ* *wə*-upon every-the-*maʿăśeh* there", "grammar": { "*ʾāmartî*": "verb, qal perfect, 1st person singular - I said", "*ʾănî*": "personal pronoun, 1st person singular - I", "*bə*": "preposition - in", "*libbî*": "noun, masculine singular + 1st person singular suffix - my heart", "*ʾeṯ*": "direct object marker", "*ha-ṣaddîq*": "definite article + adjective/noun, masculine singular - the righteous", "*wə*": "conjunction - and", "*ʾeṯ*": "direct object marker", "*hā-rāšāʿ*": "definite article + adjective/noun, masculine singular - the wicked", "*yišpōṭ*": "verb, qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - he will judge", "*hā-ʾĕlōhîm*": "definite article + noun, masculine plural (with singular meaning) - God", "*kî*": "conjunction - for/because", "*ʿēt*": "noun, feminine singular - time", "*lə*": "preposition - to/for", "*kol*": "adjective - every/all", "*ḥēp̄eṣ*": "noun, masculine singular - matter/purpose/desire", "*wə*": "conjunction - and", "*ʿal*": "preposition - upon/over/concerning", "*kol*": "adjective - every/all", "*ha-maʿăśeh*": "definite article + noun, masculine singular - the deed/work", "*šām*": "adverb - there" }, "variants": { "*ʾāmartî*": "I said/told/declared", "*libbî*": "my heart/mind/inner self", "*ṣaddîq*": "righteous person/just one", "*rāšāʿ*": "wicked person/evil one", "*yišpōṭ*": "will judge/govern/vindicate", "*ʿēt*": "time/season/proper time", "*ḥēp̄eṣ*": "purpose/matter/desire/delight", "*maʿăśeh*": "deed/work/action" } }
• Eccl 4:1 : 1 { "verseID": "Ecclesiastes.4.1", "source": "וְשַׁ֣בְתִּֽי אֲנִ֗י וָאֶרְאֶה֙ אֶת־כָּל־הָ֣עֲשֻׁקִ֔ים אֲשֶׁ֥ר נַעֲשִׂ֖ים תַּ֣חַת הַשָּׁ֑מֶשׁ וְהִנֵּ֣ה ׀ דִּמְעַ֣ת הָעֲשֻׁקִ֗ים וְאֵ֤ין לָהֶם֙ מְנַחֵ֔ם וּמִיַּ֤ד עֹֽשְׁקֵיהֶם֙ כֹּ֔חַ וְאֵ֥ין לָהֶ֖ם מְנַחֵֽם׃", "text": "*wə-šaḇtî* *ʾănî* *wā-ʾereʾeh* *ʾet*-all-the-*ʿăšuqîm* who *naʿăśîm* *taḥat* the-*šāmeš* and-*hinnēh* *dimʿat* the-*ʿăšuqîm* and-*ʾên* to-them *mənaḥēm* and-from-hand-of *ʿōšəqêhem* *kōaḥ* and-*ʾên* to-them *mənaḥēm*", "grammar": { "*wə-šaḇtî*": "conjunction + Qal perfect 1st person singular - and I turned/returned", "*ʾănî*": "personal pronoun, 1st person singular - I/myself", "*wā-ʾereʾeh*": "conjunction + Qal imperfect 1st person singular - and I saw/beheld", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*ʿăšuqîm*": "passive participle, masculine plural - oppressed ones", "*naʿăśîm*": "Niphal participle, masculine plural - being done/made", "*taḥat*": "preposition - under/beneath", "*šāmeš*": "noun, feminine singular - sun", "*hinnēh*": "demonstrative particle - behold/look", "*dimʿat*": "noun, feminine singular construct - tears of", "*ʾên*": "particle of negation - there is not", "*mənaḥēm*": "Piel participle, masculine singular - comforter/one who comforts", "*ʿōšəqêhem*": "noun, masculine plural + 3rd person masculine plural suffix - their oppressors", "*kōaḥ*": "noun, masculine singular - power/strength" }, "variants": { "*šaḇtî*": "turned/returned/turned again", "*ʿăšuqîm*": "oppressed ones/those who are oppressed/victims", "*naʿăśîm*": "being done/being committed/being performed", "*taḥat ha-šāmeš*": "under the sun/in this world/in this life", "*mənaḥēm*": "comforter/consoler/one who provides comfort", "*kōaḥ*": "power/strength/might/force" } }
• Eccl 4:4 : 4 { "verseID": "Ecclesiastes.4.4", "source": "וְרָאִ֨יתִֽי אֲנִ֜י אֶת־כָּל־עָמָ֗ל וְאֵת֙ כָּל־כִּשְׁר֣וֹן הַֽמַּעֲשֶׂ֔ה כִּ֛י הִ֥יא קִנְאַת־אִ֖ישׁ מֵרֵעֵ֑הוּ גַּם־זֶ֥ה הֶ֖בֶל וּרְע֥וּת רֽוּחַ׃", "text": "*wə-rāʾîtî* *ʾănî* *ʾet*-all-*ʿāmāl* and-*ʾēt* all-*kišrôn* the-*maʿăśeh* that it *qinʾat*-*ʾîš* from-*rēʿēhû* also-this *heḇel* and-*rəʿût* *rûaḥ*", "grammar": { "*wə-rāʾîtî*": "conjunction + Qal perfect, 1st person singular - and I saw", "*ʾănî*": "personal pronoun, 1st person singular - I/myself", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*ʿāmāl*": "noun, masculine singular - labor/toil", "*kišrôn*": "noun, masculine singular construct - success/skill", "*maʿăśeh*": "noun, masculine singular - work/deed", "*qinʾat*": "noun, feminine singular construct - envy/jealousy of", "*ʾîš*": "noun, masculine singular - man", "*rēʿēhû*": "noun, masculine singular + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his neighbor", "*heḇel*": "noun, masculine singular - vanity/breath/vapor", "*rəʿût*": "noun, feminine singular construct - striving/chasing after", "*rûaḥ*": "noun, feminine singular - wind/spirit" }, "variants": { "*ʿāmāl*": "labor/toil/trouble/effort", "*kišrôn*": "success/skill/achievement/advantage", "*qinʾat*": "envy/jealousy/rivalry", "*rēʿēhû*": "his neighbor/his companion/his fellow", "*heḇel*": "vanity/emptiness/breath/vapor/futility", "*rəʿût rûaḥ*": "chasing after wind/striving after wind/vexation of spirit/herding wind" } }
• Eccl 7:13 : 13 { "verseID": "Ecclesiastes.7.13", "source": "רְאֵה אֶת־מַעֲשֵׂה הָאֱלֹהִים כִּי מִי יוּכַל לְתַקֵּן אֵת אֲשֶׁר עִוְּתוֹ", "text": "*Rəʾēh* *ʾeṯ*-*maʿăśēh* the-*ʾĕlōhîm* *kî* who *yûḵal* *lə-taqqēn* *ʾēṯ* that *ʿiwwəṯô*", "grammar": { "*Rəʾēh*": "Qal imperative masculine singular - see/observe", "*ʾeṯ*": "direct object marker", "*maʿăśēh*": "noun, masculine singular construct - work of", "*ʾĕlōhîm*": "noun, masculine plural with definite article - the God", "*kî*": "conjunction - for/because", "*yûḵal*": "Qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - is able", "*lə-taqqēn*": "Piel infinitive construct with preposition - to straighten", "*ʾēṯ*": "direct object marker", "*ʿiwwəṯô*": "Piel perfect 3rd masculine singular with 3rd masculine singular suffix - he has made crooked" }, "variants": { "*Rəʾēh*": "see/observe/consider", "*maʿăśēh*": "work/deed/action", "*ʾĕlōhîm*": "God/divine being", "*yûḵal*": "is able/can/has power", "*lə-taqqēn*": "to straighten/to make right/to correct", "*ʿiwwəṯô*": "he has made crooked/he has bent" } }
• 2 Sam 17:23 : 23 { "verseID": "2 Samuel.17.23", "source": "וַאֲחִיתֹ֣פֶל רָאָ֗ה כִּ֣י לֹ֣א נֶעֶשְׂתָה֮ עֲצָתוֹ֒ וַיַּחֲבֹ֣שׁ אֶֽת־הַחֲמ֗וֹר וַיָּ֜קָם וַיֵּ֤לֶךְ אֶל־בֵּיתוֹ֙ אֶל־עִיר֔וֹ וַיְצַ֥ו אֶל־בֵּית֖וֹ וַיֵּחָנַ֑ק וַיָּ֕מָת וַיִּקָּבֵ֖ר בְּקֶ֥בֶר אָבִֽיו׃", "text": "And-*wa-ʾĂḥîtōpel* *rāʾâ* that not *neʿeśtâ* his-*ʿăṣâtô* and-*wayyaḥăbōš* *ʾet*-the-*ḥămôr* and-*wayyāqām* and-*wayyēlek* to-his-house to-his-city and-*wayṣaw* to-his-house and-*wayyēḥānaq* and-*wayyāmāt* and-*wayyiqqābēr* in-grave-of his-father", "grammar": { "*wa-ʾĂḥîtōpel*": "waw conjunction + proper noun, masculine - and Ahithophel", "*rāʾâ*": "perfect, 3rd masculine singular - he saw", "*neʿeśtâ*": "niphal perfect, 3rd feminine singular - was done/followed", "*ʿăṣâtô*": "noun, feminine singular + 3rd masculine singular suffix - his counsel", "*wayyaḥăbōš*": "waw consecutive + imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he saddled", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*ḥămôr*": "noun, masculine singular - donkey", "*wayyāqām*": "waw consecutive + imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he arose", "*wayyēlek*": "waw consecutive + imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he went", "*wayṣaw*": "waw consecutive + imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he gave orders", "*wayyēḥānaq*": "waw consecutive + imperfect, 3rd masculine singular, niphal - and he hanged himself", "*wayyāmāt*": "waw consecutive + imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he died", "*wayyiqqābēr*": "waw consecutive + imperfect, 3rd masculine singular, niphal - and he was buried" }, "variants": { "*neʿeśtâ*": "was done/was carried out/was followed", "*wayṣaw*": "he ordered/he arranged/he put in order/he set his house in order" } }
• 2 Chr 20:15 : 15 { "verseID": "2 Chronicles.20.15", "source": "וַיֹּ֗אמֶר הַקְשִׁ֤יבוּ כָל־יְהוּדָה֙ וְיֹשְׁבֵ֣י יְרוּשָׁלִַ֔ם וְהַמֶּ֖לֶךְ יְהוֹשָׁפָ֑ט כֹּֽה־אָמַ֨ר יְהוָ֜ה לָכֶ֗ם אַ֠תֶּם אַל־תִּֽירְא֤וּ וְאַל־תֵּחַ֙תּוּ֙ מִפְּנֵ֨י הֶהָמ֤וֹן הָרָב֙ הַזֶּ֔ה כִּ֣י לֹ֥א לָכֶ֛ם הַמִּלְחָמָ֖ה כִּ֥י לֵאלֹהִֽים׃", "text": "And *wayyōʾmer* pay attention *haqšîbû* all-*kol* *yəhûdâ* and inhabitants-of *wəyōšbê* Jerusalem *yərûšālaim* and the king *wəhammelek* *yəhôšāpāṭ*, thus *kōh*-said *ʾāmar* *YHWH* *yhwh* to you *lākem* you *ʾattem* do not *ʾal*-fear *tîrʾû* and do not *wəʾal*-be dismayed *tēḥattû* from before *mippnê* the multitude *hehāmôn* the great *hārāb* this *hazzeh*, for *kî* not *lōʾ* to you *lākem* the battle *hammilḥāmâ* for *kî* to God *lēʾlōhîm*.", "grammar": { "*wayyōʾmer*": "waw-consecutive + qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and he said", "*haqšîbû*": "hiphil imperative masculine plural - pay attention/listen", "*kol*": "construct masculine singular - all of", "*yəhûdâ*": "proper name - Judah", "*wəyōšbê*": "waw-conjunction + qal participle masculine plural construct - and inhabitants of", "*yərûšālaim*": "proper name - Jerusalem", "*wəhammelek*": "waw-conjunction + definite article + masculine singular noun - and the king", "*yəhôšāpāṭ*": "proper name - Jehoshaphat", "*kōh*": "adverb - thus/so", "*ʾāmar*": "qal perfect 3rd masculine singular - he said", "*yhwh*": "divine name - YHWH", "*lākem*": "preposition *lə* + 2nd masculine plural suffix - to you", "*ʾattem*": "2nd masculine plural pronoun - you", "*ʾal*": "negative particle with jussive/imperative - do not", "*tîrʾû*": "qal imperfect 2nd masculine plural - you fear", "*wəʾal*": "waw-conjunction + negative particle - and do not", "*tēḥattû*": "niphal imperfect 2nd masculine plural - you be dismayed", "*mippnê*": "preposition *min* + construct masculine plural - from before", "*hehāmôn*": "definite article + masculine singular noun - the multitude", "*hārāb*": "definite article + adjective masculine singular - the great", "*hazzeh*": "definite article + masculine singular demonstrative pronoun - this", "*kî*": "conjunction - for/because", "*lōʾ*": "negative particle - not", "*lākem*": "preposition *lə* + 2nd masculine plural suffix - to you/yours", "*hammilḥāmâ*": "definite article + feminine singular noun - the battle", "*lēʾlōhîm*": "preposition *lə* + masculine plural noun - to God" }, "variants": { "*haqšîbû*": "pay attention/listen/give ear", "*tēḥattû*": "be dismayed/terrified/broken", "*hehāmôn*": "the multitude/crowd/army" } }
• Job 5:11-14 : 11 { "verseID": "Job.5.11", "source": "לָשׂ֣וּם שְׁפָלִ֣ים לְמָר֑וֹם וְ֝קֹדְרִ֗ים שָׂ֣גְבוּ יֶֽשַׁע׃", "text": "to-*śûm* *šəfālîm* to-*mārōm* *wə*-*qōdərîm* *śāgəbû* *yešaʿ*", "grammar": { "*śûm*": "infinitive construct - to set/place", "*šəfālîm*": "adjective, masculine plural - low/humble ones", "*mārōm*": "noun, masculine singular - height/high place", "*wə*": "conjunction - and", "*qōdərîm*": "Qal participle, masculine plural - mourning ones/those who are dark", "*śāgəbû*": "Qal perfect, 3rd person common plural - they are lifted high", "*yešaʿ*": "noun, masculine singular - safety/salvation" }, "variants": { "*śûm*": "to set/place/put", "*šəfālîm*": "low ones/humble ones", "*mārōm*": "height/high place/exalted position", "*qōdərîm*": "mourning ones/those in black/those who are dark", "*śāgəbû*": "are lifted high/exalted", "*yešaʿ*": "safety/salvation/deliverance" } } 12 { "verseID": "Job.5.12", "source": "מֵ֭פֵר מַחְשְׁב֣וֹת עֲרוּמִ֑ים וְֽלֹא־תַעֲשֶׂ֥ינָה יְ֝דֵיהֶ֗ם תּוּשִׁיָּֽה׃", "text": "*mēfēr* *maḥšəbōt* *ʿărûmîm* *wə*-not-*taʿăśênāh* *yədêhem* *tûšiyyāh*", "grammar": { "*mēfēr*": "Hiphil participle, masculine singular - breaking/frustrating", "*maḥšəbōt*": "noun, feminine plural - thoughts/plans/devices", "*ʿărûmîm*": "adjective, masculine plural - crafty/shrewd ones", "*wə*": "conjunction - and", "*taʿăśênāh*": "Qal imperfect, 3rd person feminine plural - they will perform/accomplish", "*yədêhem*": "noun, feminine dual construct with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - their hands", "*tûšiyyāh*": "noun, feminine singular - success/wisdom/sound wisdom" }, "variants": { "*mēfēr*": "one who breaks/frustrates/annuls", "*maḥšəbōt*": "thoughts/plans/devices/schemes", "*ʿărûmîm*": "crafty ones/shrewd ones/cunning ones", "*taʿăśênāh*": "perform/accomplish/achieve", "*tûšiyyāh*": "success/wisdom/sound wisdom/enterprise" } } 13 { "verseID": "Job.5.13", "source": "לֹכֵ֣ד חֲכָמִ֣ים בְּעָרְמָ֑ם וַעֲצַ֖ת נִפְתָּלִ֣ים נִמְהָֽרָה׃", "text": "*lōkēd* *ḥăkāmîm* in-*ʿārəmām* *wa*-*ʿăṣat* *niftālîm* *nimhārāh*", "grammar": { "*lōkēd*": "Qal participle, masculine singular - catching/seizing", "*ḥăkāmîm*": "adjective, masculine plural - wise ones", "*ʿārəmām*": "noun, feminine singular with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - their craftiness", "*wa*": "conjunction with consecutive verb - and", "*ʿăṣat*": "noun, feminine singular construct - counsel of", "*niftālîm*": "Niphal participle, masculine plural - twisted ones/crafty ones", "*nimhārāh*": "Niphal perfect, 3rd person feminine singular - is hurried/precipitated" }, "variants": { "*lōkēd*": "catcher/seizer/entrapper", "*ḥăkāmîm*": "wise ones/wise men/sages", "*ʿārəmām*": "their craftiness/cunning", "*ʿăṣat*": "counsel of/advice of", "*niftālîm*": "twisted ones/crooked ones/perverse ones", "*nimhārāh*": "is hurried/precipitated/carried headlong" } } 14 { "verseID": "Job.5.14", "source": "יוֹמָ֥ם יְפַגְּשׁוּ־חֹ֑שֶׁךְ וְ֝כַלַּ֗יְלָה יְֽמַשְׁשׁ֥וּ בַֽצָּהֳרָֽיִם׃", "text": "*yōmām* *yəfaggəšû*-*ḥōšek* *wə*-like-the-*laylāh* *yəmaššəšû* in-the-*ṣāhŏrāyim*", "grammar": { "*yōmām*": "adverb - by day/daytime", "*yəfaggəšû*": "Piel imperfect, 3rd person masculine plural - they meet/encounter", "*ḥōšek*": "noun, masculine singular - darkness", "*wə*": "conjunction - and", "*laylāh*": "noun, masculine singular with prefixed comparative particle - like the night", "*yəmaššəšû*": "Piel imperfect, 3rd person masculine plural - they grope", "*ṣāhŏrāyim*": "noun, masculine dual with definite article - the noonday" }, "variants": { "*yōmām*": "by day/daytime", "*yəfaggəšû*": "meet/encounter/run into", "*ḥōšek*": "darkness/obscurity", "*laylāh*": "night", "*yəmaššəšû*": "grope/feel about", "*ṣāhŏrāyim*": "noonday/midday" } }
• Job 34:29 : 29 { "verseID": "Job.34.29", "source": "וְה֤וּא יַשְׁקִ֨ט ׀ וּמִ֥י יַרְשִׁ֗עַ וְיַסְתֵּ֣ר פָּ֭נִים וּמִ֣י יְשׁוּרֶ֑נּוּ וְעַל־גּ֖וֹי וְעַל־אָדָ֣ם יָֽחַד׃", "text": "*wə-hûʾ* *yašqiṭ* *û-mî* *yaršiaʿ* *wə-yastēr* *pānîm* *û-mî* *yəšûrennû* *wə-ʿal-gôy* *wə-ʿal-ʾādām* *yāḥad*", "grammar": { "*wə-hûʾ*": "waw conjunction + 3rd masculine singular pronoun - and he", "*yašqiṭ*": "Hiphil imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - gives quietness", "*û-mî*": "waw conjunction + interrogative pronoun - and who", "*yaršiaʿ*": "Hiphil imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - condemns", "*wə-yastēr*": "waw conjunction + Hiphil imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he hides", "*pānîm*": "masculine plural noun - face", "*û-mî*": "waw conjunction + interrogative pronoun - and who", "*yəšûrennû*": "Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular + 3rd masculine singular suffix - can see him", "*wə-ʿal*": "waw conjunction + preposition - and upon", "*gôy*": "masculine singular noun - nation", "*wə-ʿal*": "waw conjunction + preposition - and upon", "*ʾādām*": "masculine singular noun - mankind", "*yāḥad*": "adverb - alike/together" }, "variants": { "*yašqiṭ*": "gives quietness/brings peace/grants rest", "*yaršiaʿ*": "condemns/disturbs/makes trouble", "*yastēr pānîm*": "hides face/conceals presence/withdraws favor", "*yəšûrennû*": "can see him/can behold him/can observe him", "*gôy*": "nation/people/gentile", "*ʾādām*": "mankind/humanity/people", "*yāḥad*": "alike/together/equally" } }
• Deut 8:18 : 18 { "verseID": "Deuteronomy.8.18", "source": "וְזָֽכַרְתָּ֙ אֶת־יְהוָ֣ה אֱלֹהֶ֔יךָ כִּ֣י ה֗וּא הַנֹּתֵ֥ן לְךָ֛ כֹּ֖חַ לַעֲשׂ֣וֹת חָ֑יִל לְמַ֨עַן הָקִ֧ים אֶת־בְּרִית֛וֹ אֲשֶׁר־נִשְׁבַּ֥ע לַאֲבֹתֶ֖יךָ כַּיּ֥וֹם הַזֶּֽה׃", "text": "And-*zākartā* *ʾet*-*YHWH* *ʾĕlōhêkā* that *hûʾ* the-*nōtēn* to-you *kōaḥ* to-*ʿăśôt* *ḥāyil* to-the-purpose-that *hāqîm* *ʾet*-*bərîtô* which-*nišbaʿ* to-*ʾăbōtêkā* as-the-*yôm* the-this.", "grammar": { "*zākartā*": "Qal perfect 2nd person masculine singular - you shall remember", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - the divine name", "*ʾĕlōhêkā*": "masculine plural noun with 2nd person masculine singular suffix - your God", "*hûʾ*": "3rd person masculine singular independent pronoun - he", "*nōtēn*": "Qal participle masculine singular with definite article - the one giving", "*kōaḥ*": "masculine singular noun - power", "*ʿăśôt*": "Qal infinitive construct - to make", "*ḥāyil*": "masculine singular noun - wealth/strength", "*hāqîm*": "Hiphil infinitive construct - to establish", "*bərîtô*": "feminine singular noun with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his covenant", "*nišbaʿ*": "Niphal perfect 3rd person masculine singular - he swore", "*ʾăbōtêkā*": "masculine plural noun with 2nd person masculine singular suffix - your fathers", "*yôm*": "masculine singular noun with definite article - the day", "*zeh*": "masculine singular demonstrative pronoun with definite article - this" }, "variants": { "*zākartā*": "you shall remember/recall/call to mind", "*nōtēn*": "giving/granting/bestowing", "*kōaḥ*": "power/strength/ability", "*ʿăśôt*": "to make/produce/gain", "*ḥāyil*": "wealth/strength/ability/power/might", "*hāqîm*": "to establish/confirm/fulfill", "*bərîtô*": "his covenant/pact/agreement", "*nišbaʿ*": "he swore/took an oath/pledged" } }
• 2 Sam 17:14 : 14 { "verseID": "2 Samuel.17.14", "source": "וַיֹּ֤אמֶר אַבְשָׁלוֹם֙ וְכָל־אִ֣ישׁ יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל טוֹבָ֗ה עֲצַת֙ חוּשַׁ֣י הָאַרְכִּ֔י מֵעֲצַ֖ת אֲחִיתֹ֑פֶל וַיהוָ֣ה צִוָּ֗ה לְהָפֵ֞ר אֶת־עֲצַ֤ת אֲחִיתֹ֙פֶל֙ הַטּוֹבָ֔ה לְבַעֲב֗וּר הָבִ֧יא יְהוָ֛ה אֶל־אַבְשָׁל֖וֹם אֶת־הָרָעָֽה׃ ס", "text": "And *wayyōʾmer* *ʾAḇšālōm* and all *ʾîš* *Yiśrāʾēl*, Better [is] the *ʿăṣaṯ* of *Ḥûšay* the *hāʾArkî* than the *ʿăṣaṯ* of *ʾĂḥîtōp̄el*. And *waYHWH* *ṣiwwāh* to *ləhāp̄ēr* the *ʿăṣaṯ* of *ʾĂḥîtōp̄el* the good, so that *ləḇaʿăḇûr* might bring *YHWH* upon *ʾAḇšālōm* the *hārāʿāh*.", "grammar": { "*wayyōʾmer*": "waw consecutive + imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he said", "*ʾAḇšālōm*": "proper noun, masculine - Absalom", "*ʾîš*": "noun, masculine singular construct - men of", "*Yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel", "*ʿăṣaṯ*": "noun, feminine singular construct - counsel of", "*Ḥûšay*": "proper noun, masculine - Hushai", "*hāʾArkî*": "definite article + gentilic adjective, masculine singular - the Archite", "*ʾĂḥîtōp̄el*": "proper noun, masculine - Ahithophel", "*waYHWH*": "waw conjunction + proper noun - and YHWH (the LORD)", "*ṣiwwāh*": "perfect, 3rd masculine singular, piel - commanded", "*ləhāp̄ēr*": "preposition + infinitive construct, hiphil - to frustrate", "*ləḇaʿăḇûr*": "preposition + preposition + infinitive construct - for the purpose of", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - YHWH (the LORD)", "*hārāʿāh*": "definite article + noun, feminine singular - the evil" }, "variants": { "*ʿăṣaṯ*": "counsel/advice/plan", "*ṣiwwāh*": "commanded/ordained/appointed", "*ləhāp̄ēr*": "to frustrate/defeat/bring to nothing", "*ləḇaʿăḇûr*": "so that/in order that/for the purpose of", "*hārāʿāh*": "the evil/disaster/calamity" } }
• Mal 3:18 : 18 { "verseID": "Malachi.3.18", "source": "וְשַׁבְתֶּם֙ וּרְאִיתֶ֔ם בֵּ֥ין צַדִּ֖יק לְרָשָׁ֑ע בֵּ֚ין עֹבֵ֣ד אֱלֹהִ֔ים לַאֲשֶׁ֖ר לֹ֥א עֲבָדֽוֹ׃ ס", "text": "*We-shavtem* *u-reʾitem* *ben* *tsaddiq* *le-rashaʿ* *ben* *ʿoved* *ʾElohim* *la-ʾasher* *loʾ* *ʿavado*.", "grammar": { "*We-shavtem*": "waw consecutive + Qal perfect, 2nd masculine plural - and you will return", "*u-reʾitem*": "waw consecutive + Qal perfect, 2nd masculine plural - and you will see", "*ben*": "preposition - between", "*tsaddiq*": "adjective, masculine singular - righteous one", "*le-rashaʿ*": "preposition + adjective, masculine singular - to/and wicked one", "*ben*": "preposition - between", "*ʿoved*": "Qal participle, masculine singular construct - one serving", "*ʾElohim*": "noun, masculine plural - God", "*la-ʾasher*": "preposition + relative pronoun - to the one who", "*loʾ*": "negative particle - not", "*ʿavado*": "Qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular with 3rd masculine singular suffix - served him" }, "variants": { "*shavtem*": "return/turn back/again", "*reʾitem*": "see/observe/discern", "*ben tsaddiq le-rashaʿ*": "between righteous and wicked/between the just and the unjust", "*ʿoved ʾElohim*": "one who serves God/one who obeys God/one who worships God", "*la-ʾasher loʾ ʿavado*": "one who does not serve Him/one who does not obey him" } }
• 1 Sam 2:3-9 : 3 { "verseID": "1 Samuel.2.3", "source": "אַל־תַּרְבּ֤וּ תְדַבְּרוּ֙ גְּבֹהָ֣ה גְבֹהָ֔ה יֵצֵ֥א עָתָ֖ק מִפִּיכֶ֑ם כִּ֣י אֵ֤ל דֵּעוֹת֙ יְהוָ֔ה וְל֥וֹ נִתְכְּנ֖וּ עֲלִלֽוֹת׃", "text": "*ʾal*-*tarbû* *tədabbərû* *gəbōhâ* *gəbōhâ*, *yēṣēʾ* *ʿātāq* from *pîkem*, because *ʾēl* of *dēʿôt* is *YHWH*, and to him *nitəkənû* *ʿălilôt*.", "grammar": { "*ʾal*": "negative particle with jussive - do not", "*tarbû*": "Hiphil imperfect 2nd person masculine plural jussive - multiply/increase", "*tədabbərû*": "Piel imperfect 2nd person masculine plural - you speak", "*gəbōhâ*": "adjective feminine singular - high/proud/arrogant", "*gəbōhâ*": "repetition for emphasis - very high/extremely proud", "*yēṣēʾ*": "Qal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular jussive - let it come out", "*ʿātāq*": "adjective masculine singular - arrogant/insolent", "*pîkem*": "noun masculine singular construct with 2nd person masculine plural suffix - your mouth", "*ʾēl*": "noun masculine singular - God", "*dēʿôt*": "noun feminine plural construct - knowledges/knowledge", "*YHWH*": "divine name - Yahweh/LORD", "*nitəkənû*": "Niphal perfect 3rd person plural - are weighed/measured", "*ʿălilôt*": "noun feminine plural - actions/deeds" }, "variants": { "*ʿātāq*": "arrogant/insolent/bold speech", "*dēʿôt*": "knowledge/omniscience/perfect understanding", "*nitəkənû*": "are weighed/measured/evaluated", "*ʿălilôt*": "actions/deeds/practices" } } 4 { "verseID": "1 Samuel.2.4", "source": "קֶ֥שֶׁת גִּבֹּרִ֖ים חַתִּ֑ים וְנִכְשָׁלִ֖ים אָ֥זְרוּ חָֽיִל׃", "text": "*qešet* *gibbōrîm* *ḥattîm*, and *nikšālîm* *ʾāzrû* *ḥāyil*.", "grammar": { "*qešet*": "noun feminine singular construct - bow of", "*gibbōrîm*": "adjective masculine plural - mighty men", "*ḥattîm*": "Qal passive participle masculine plural - broken/shattered", "*nikšālîm*": "Niphal participle masculine plural - stumbling ones/those who stumble", "*ʾāzrû*": "Qal perfect 3rd person plural - are girded/clothed", "*ḥāyil*": "noun masculine singular - strength/might/power" }, "variants": { "*gibbōrîm*": "mighty men/warriors/heroes", "*ḥattîm*": "broken/shattered/dismayed", "*nikšālîm*": "those who stumble/fail/are weak", "*ʾāzrû*": "are girded/clothed/surrounded", "*ḥāyil*": "strength/might/valor" } } 5 { "verseID": "1 Samuel.2.5", "source": "שְׂבֵעִ֤ים בַּלֶּ֙חֶם֙ נִשְׂכָּ֔רוּ וּרְעֵבִ֖ים חָדֵ֑לּוּ עַד־עֲקָרָה֙ יָלְדָ֣ה שִׁבְעָ֔ה וְרַבַּ֥ת בָּנִ֖ים אֻמְלָֽלָה׃", "text": "*śəbēʿîm* in *leḥem* *niśkārû*, and *rəʿēbîm* *ḥādēllû*; until *ʿăqārâ* *yāldâ* *šibʿâ*, and *rabbat* *bānîm* *ʾumlālâ*.", "grammar": { "*śəbēʿîm*": "adjective masculine plural - satisfied ones/full ones", "*leḥem*": "noun masculine singular - bread/food", "*niśkārû*": "Niphal perfect 3rd person plural - hire themselves out", "*rəʿēbîm*": "adjective masculine plural - hungry ones", "*ḥādēllû*": "Qal perfect 3rd person plural - cease/stop", "*ʿăqārâ*": "adjective feminine singular - barren woman", "*yāldâ*": "Qal perfect 3rd person feminine singular - has borne", "*šibʿâ*": "numeral feminine - seven", "*rabbat*": "adjective feminine singular construct - many of/much of", "*bānîm*": "noun masculine plural - sons/children", "*ʾumlālâ*": "Pulal perfect 3rd person feminine singular - is made weak/languishes" }, "variants": { "*niśkārû*": "hire themselves out/work for food/are employed", "*ḥādēllû*": "cease/stop/rest", "*ʿăqārâ*": "barren woman/childless woman", "*yāldâ*": "has borne/gave birth to/delivered", "*ʾumlālâ*": "is made weak/languishes/withers" } } 6 { "verseID": "1 Samuel.2.6", "source": "יְהוָ֖ה מֵמִ֣ית וּמְחַיֶּ֑ה מוֹרִ֥יד שְׁא֖וֹל וַיָּֽעַל׃", "text": "*YHWH* *mēmît* and *məḥayyeh*; *môrîd* *šəʾôl* and *wayyāʿal*.", "grammar": { "*YHWH*": "divine name - Yahweh/LORD", "*mēmît*": "Hiphil participle masculine singular - causes to die/kills", "*məḥayyeh*": "Piel participle masculine singular - gives life/revives", "*môrîd*": "Hiphil participle masculine singular - brings down/causes to descend", "*šəʾôl*": "noun masculine/feminine singular - Sheol/underworld/grave", "*wayyāʿal*": "conjunction + Hiphil imperfect 3rd person masculine singular apocopated - and he brings up" }, "variants": { "*mēmît*": "causes to die/kills/puts to death", "*məḥayyeh*": "gives life/revives/makes alive", "*môrîd*": "brings down/causes to descend", "*šəʾôl*": "Sheol/underworld/grave/realm of the dead", "*wayyāʿal*": "and he brings up/raises up/lifts up" } } 7 { "verseID": "1 Samuel.2.7", "source": "יְהוָ֖ה מוֹרִ֣ישׁ וּמַעֲשִׁ֑יר מַשְׁפִּ֖יל אַף־מְרוֹמֵֽם׃", "text": "*YHWH* *môrîš* and *maʿăšîr*; *mašpîl* also-*mərômēm*.", "grammar": { "*YHWH*": "divine name - Yahweh/LORD", "*môrîš*": "Hiphil participle masculine singular - makes poor/impoverishes", "*maʿăšîr*": "Hiphil participle masculine singular - makes rich/enriches", "*mašpîl*": "Hiphil participle masculine singular - brings low/humbles", "*mərômēm*": "Polel participle masculine singular - exalts/lifts up" }, "variants": { "*môrîš*": "makes poor/impoverishes/brings to poverty", "*maʿăšîr*": "makes rich/enriches/brings to wealth", "*mašpîl*": "brings low/humbles/debases", "*mərômēm*": "exalts/lifts up/raises high" } } 8 { "verseID": "1 Samuel.2.8", "source": "מֵקִ֨ים מֵעָפָ֜ר דָּ֗ל מֵֽאַשְׁפֹּת֙ יָרִ֣ים אֶבְי֔וֹן לְהוֹשִׁיב֙ עִם־נְדִיבִ֔ים וְכִסֵּ֥א כָב֖וֹד יַנְחִלֵ֑ם כִּ֤י לַֽיהוָה֙ מְצֻ֣קֵי אֶ֔רֶץ וַיָּ֥שֶׁת עֲלֵיהֶ֖ם תֵּבֵֽל׃", "text": "*mēqîm* from *ʿāfār* *dal*, from *ʾašpōt* *yārîm* *ʾebyôn*, *ləhôšîb* with-*nədîbîm*, and *kissēʾ* of *kābôd* *yanḥîlēm*; because to *YHWH* *məṣuqê* *ʾereṣ*, and *wayyāšet* upon them *tēbēl*.", "grammar": { "*mēqîm*": "Hiphil participle masculine singular - raises up", "*ʿāfār*": "noun masculine singular - dust", "*dal*": "adjective masculine singular - poor/weak", "*ʾašpōt*": "noun masculine/feminine plural construct - ash heap/dunghill", "*yārîm*": "Hiphil imperfect 3rd person masculine singular - lifts up", "*ʾebyôn*": "adjective masculine singular - needy/poor", "*ləhôšîb*": "preposition + Hiphil infinitive construct - to cause to sit/to set", "*nədîbîm*": "adjective masculine plural - nobles/princes", "*kissēʾ*": "noun masculine singular construct - throne of", "*kābôd*": "noun masculine singular - glory/honor", "*yanḥîlēm*": "Hiphil imperfect 3rd person masculine singular + 3rd person masculine plural suffix - he causes them to inherit", "*YHWH*": "divine name - Yahweh/LORD", "*məṣuqê*": "noun masculine plural construct - pillars/foundations of", "*ʾereṣ*": "noun feminine singular - earth/land", "*wayyāšet*": "conjunction + Qal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular apocopated - and he set/placed", "*tēbēl*": "noun feminine singular - world/inhabited earth" }, "variants": { "*dal*": "poor/weak/thin/lowly", "*ʾašpōt*": "ash heap/dunghill/refuse pile", "*ʾebyôn*": "needy/poor/destitute", "*nədîbîm*": "nobles/princes/generous ones", "*kābôd*": "glory/honor/splendor", "*məṣuqê*": "pillars/foundations/supports", "*tēbēl*": "world/inhabited earth/habitable land" } } 9 { "verseID": "1 Samuel.2.9", "source": "רַגְלֵ֤י חֲסִידָיו֙ יִשְׁמֹ֔ר וּרְשָׁעִ֖ים בַּחֹ֣שֶׁךְ יִדָּ֑מּוּ כִּֽי־לֹ֥א בְכֹ֖חַ יִגְבַּר־אִֽישׁ׃", "text": "*raglê* *ḥăsîdāyw* *yišmōr*, and *rəšāʿîm* in *ḥōšek* *yiddāmmû*; because-not in *kōaḥ* *yigbar*-*ʾîš*.", "grammar": { "*raglê*": "noun feminine dual construct - feet of", "*ḥăsîdāyw*": "adjective masculine plural construct with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his faithful ones/godly ones", "*yišmōr*": "Qal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular - he guards/keeps", "*rəšāʿîm*": "adjective masculine plural - wicked ones", "*ḥōšek*": "noun masculine singular - darkness", "*yiddāmmû*": "Niphal imperfect 3rd person masculine plural - they are silenced/they perish", "*kōaḥ*": "noun masculine singular - strength/power", "*yigbar*": "Qal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular - prevails/is strong", "*ʾîš*": "noun masculine singular - man" }, "variants": { "*ḥăsîdāyw*": "his faithful ones/his godly ones/his loyal ones", "*yišmōr*": "he guards/keeps/preserves", "*rəšāʿîm*": "wicked ones/evil ones/ungodly", "*yiddāmmû*": "they are silenced/they perish/they are cut off", "*yigbar*": "prevails/is strong/is mighty" } } 10 { "verseID": "1 Samuel.2.10", "source": "יְהוָ֞ה יֵחַ֣תּוּ מְרִיבָ֗יו עָלָיו֙ בַּשָּׁמַ֣יִם יַרְעֵ֔ם יְהוָ֖ה יָדִ֣ין אַפְסֵי־אָ֑רֶץ וְיִתֶּן־עֹ֣ז לְמַלְכּ֔וֹ וְיָרֵ֖ם קֶ֥רֶן מְשִׁיחֽוֹ׃", "text": "*YHWH* *yēḥattû* *mərîbāyw*, against him in *šāmayim* *yarʿēm*; *YHWH* *yādîn* *ʾafsê*-*ʾāreṣ*, and *yitten*-*ʿōz* to *malkô*, and *yārēm* *qeren* *məšîḥô*.", "grammar": { "*YHWH*": "divine name - Yahweh/LORD", "*yēḥattû*": "Niphal imperfect 3rd person masculine plural - they will be shattered/broken", "*mərîbāyw*": "Qal participle masculine plural construct with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his adversaries", "*šāmayim*": "noun masculine plural - heavens", "*yarʿēm*": "Hiphil imperfect 3rd person masculine singular - he thunders", "*YHWH*": "divine name - Yahweh/LORD", "*yādîn*": "Qal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular - he judges", "*ʾafsê*": "noun masculine plural construct - ends of", "*ʾāreṣ*": "noun feminine singular - earth/land", "*yitten*": "Qal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular - he gives", "*ʿōz*": "noun masculine singular - strength", "*malkô*": "noun masculine singular construct with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his king", "*yārēm*": "Hiphil imperfect 3rd person masculine singular - he exalts", "*qeren*": "noun feminine singular construct - horn of", "*məšîḥô*": "noun masculine singular construct with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his anointed" }, "variants": { "*yēḥattû*": "they will be shattered/broken/dismayed", "*mərîbāyw*": "his adversaries/opponents/enemies", "*yarʿēm*": "he thunders/roars/causes to tremble", "*yādîn*": "he judges/governs/vindicates", "*ʾafsê*": "ends/extremities/boundaries", "*yitten*": "he gives/grants/bestows", "*ʿōz*": "strength/might/power", "*yārēm*": "he exalts/lifts up/raises", "*qeren*": "horn (symbol of strength/power/dignity)", "*məšîḥô*": "his anointed one/his messiah" } }
• 1 Sam 17:50 : 50 { "verseID": "1 Samuel.17.50", "source": "וַיֶּחֱזַ֨ק דָּוִ֤ד מִן־הַפְּלִשְׁתִּי֙ בַּקֶּ֣לַע וּבָאֶ֔בֶן וַיַּ֥ךְ אֶת־הַפְּלִשְׁתִּ֖י וַיְמִיתֵ֑הוּ וְחֶ֖רֶב אֵ֥ין בְּיַד־דָּוִֽד׃", "text": "*wə-yeḥĕzaq* *Dāwid* from-the-*pəlištî* with-the-*qelaʿ* and-with-the-*ʾeben* and-*yaḵ* *ʾet*-the-*pəlištî* and-*yəmîtēhû* and-*ḥereb* *ʾên* in-*yad*-*Dāwid*", "grammar": { "*wə-yeḥĕzaq*": "conjunction + qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and prevailed/was stronger", "*Dāwid*": "proper noun, masculine - David", "*pəlištî*": "noun, masculine singular with definite article - the Philistine", "*qelaʿ*": "noun, masculine singular with definite article - the sling", "*ʾeben*": "noun, feminine singular with definite article - the stone", "*yaḵ*": "hiphil imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - struck", "*pəlištî*": "noun, masculine singular with definite article - the Philistine", "*yəmîtēhû*": "hiphil imperfect, 3rd masculine singular with 3rd masculine singular suffix - killed him", "*ḥereb*": "noun, feminine singular - sword", "*ʾên*": "negative existential particle - there was not", "*yad*": "noun, feminine singular construct - hand of", "*Dāwid*": "proper noun, masculine - David" }, "variants": { "*yeḥĕzaq*": "prevailed/was stronger/overcame", "*qelaʿ*": "sling/slingshot" } }
• 2 Sam 2:18-23 : 18 { "verseID": "2 Samuel.2.18", "source": "וַיִּֽהְיוּ־שָׁ֗ם שְׁלֹשָׁה֙ בְּנֵ֣י צְרוּיָ֔ה יוֹאָ֥ב וַאֲבִישַׁ֖י וַעֲשָׂהאֵ֑ל וַעֲשָׂהאֵל֙ קַ֣ל בְּרַגְלָ֔יו כְּאַחַ֥ד הַצְּבָיִ֖ם אֲשֶׁ֥ר בַּשָּׂדֶֽה׃", "text": "*wə-yihyû*-there *šəlōšâ* *bənê* *ṣərûyâ* *yôʾāb* and-*ʾăbîšay* and-*ʿăśāhʾēl* and-*ʿăśāhʾēl* *qal* in-*raglāyw* like-one-of the-*ṣəbāyim* which in-the-*śādeh*", "grammar": { "*wə-yihyû*": "conjunction + qal imperfect consecutive, 3rd person masculine plural - and they were", "*šəlōšâ*": "numeral, masculine - three", "*bənê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - sons of", "*ṣərûyâ*": "proper noun, feminine - Zeruiah", "*yôʾāb*": "proper noun, masculine - Joab", "*ʾăbîšay*": "proper noun, masculine - Abishai", "*ʿăśāhʾēl*": "proper noun, masculine - Asahel", "*qal*": "adjective, masculine singular - swift/light", "*raglāyw*": "noun, feminine dual + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his feet", "*ṣəbāyim*": "noun, masculine plural + definite article - the gazelles", "*śādeh*": "noun, masculine singular + definite article - the field" }, "variants": { "*wə-yihyû*": "and they were/existed/happened to be", "*bənê*": "sons of/descendants of", "*qal*": "swift/light/quick", "*raglāyw*": "his feet/legs", "*ṣəbāyim*": "gazelles/deer/wild goats", "*śādeh*": "field/open country/countryside" } } 19 { "verseID": "2 Samuel.2.19", "source": "וַיִּרְדֹּ֥ף עֲשָׂהאֵ֖ל אַחֲרֵ֣י אַבְנֵ֑ר וְלֹֽא־נָטָ֣ה לָלֶ֗כֶת עַל־הַיָּמִין֙ וְעַֽל־הַשְּׂמֹ֔אול מֵאַחֲרֵ֖י אַבְנֵֽר׃", "text": "*wayyirdōp* *ʿăśāhʾēl* after *ʾabnēr* and-not-*nāṭâ* to-*lāleket* upon-the-*yāmîn* and-upon-the-*śəmōʾwl* from-after *ʾabnēr*", "grammar": { "*wayyirdōp*": "qal imperfect consecutive, 3rd person masculine singular - and he pursued", "*ʿăśāhʾēl*": "proper noun, masculine - Asahel", "*ʾabnēr*": "proper noun, masculine - Abner", "*nāṭâ*": "qal perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - he turned/inclined", "*lāleket*": "qal infinitive construct + preposition - to go/walk", "*yāmîn*": "noun, feminine singular + definite article - the right", "*śəmōʾwl*": "noun, masculine singular + definite article - the left" }, "variants": { "*wayyirdōp*": "and he pursued/chased/followed after", "*nāṭâ*": "turned/inclined/swerved", "*lāleket*": "to go/walk/proceed", "*yāmîn*": "right/right side/right hand", "*śəmōʾwl*": "left/left side/left hand" } } 20 { "verseID": "2 Samuel.2.20", "source": "וַיִּ֤פֶן אַבְנֵר֙ אַֽחֲרָ֔יו וַיֹּ֕אמֶר הַאַתָּ֥ה זֶ֖ה עֲשָׂה‪[t]‬אֵ֑ל וַיֹּ֖אמֶר אָנֹֽכִי׃", "text": "*wayyipen* *ʾabnēr* behind-him and-*wayyōʾmer* ?-*ʾattâ* *zeh* *ʿăśāhʾēl* and-*wayyōʾmer* *ʾānōkî*", "grammar": { "*wayyipen*": "qal imperfect consecutive, 3rd person masculine singular - and he turned", "*ʾabnēr*": "proper noun, masculine - Abner", "*wayyōʾmer*": "qal imperfect consecutive, 3rd person masculine singular - and he said", "*ʾattâ*": "personal pronoun, 2nd person masculine singular - you", "*zeh*": "demonstrative pronoun, masculine singular - this", "*ʿăśāhʾēl*": "proper noun, masculine - Asahel", "*ʾānōkî*": "personal pronoun, 1st person singular - I" }, "variants": { "*wayyipen*": "and he turned/looked/faced around", "*wayyōʾmer*": "and he said/spoke/answered", "*ʾattâ*": "you (masculine singular)", "*zeh*": "this/this one", "*ʾānōkî*": "I/I am/it is I" } } 21 { "verseID": "2 Samuel.2.21", "source": "וַיֹּ֧אמֶר ל֣וֹ אַבְנֵ֗ר נְטֵ֤ה לְךָ֙ עַל־יְמִֽינְךָ֙ א֣וֹ עַל־שְׂמֹאלֶ֔ךָ וֶאֱחֹ֣ז לְךָ֗ אֶחָד֙ מֵֽהַנְּעָרִ֔ים וְקַח־לְךָ֖ אֶת־חֲלִצָת֑וֹ וְלֹֽא־אָבָ֣ה עֲשָׂהאֵ֔ל לָס֖וּר מֵאַחֲרָֽיו׃", "text": "*wayyōʾmer* to-him *ʾabnēr* *nəṭēh* to-you upon-*yəmînəkā* or upon-*śəmōʾlekā* and-*ʾĕḥōz* to-you *ʾeḥād* from-the-*nəʿārîm* and-take-to-you *ʾet*-*ḥălîṣātô* and-not-*ʾābâ* *ʿăśāhʾēl* to-*lāsûr* from-after-him", "grammar": { "*wayyōʾmer*": "qal imperfect consecutive, 3rd person masculine singular - and he said", "*ʾabnēr*": "proper noun, masculine - Abner", "*nəṭēh*": "qal imperative, masculine singular - turn", "*yəmînəkā*": "noun, feminine singular + 2nd person masculine singular suffix - your right", "*śəmōʾlekā*": "noun, masculine singular + 2nd person masculine singular suffix - your left", "*ʾĕḥōz*": "qal imperative, masculine singular - seize", "*ʾeḥād*": "numeral, masculine singular - one", "*nəʿārîm*": "noun, masculine plural + definite article - the young men", "*ḥălîṣātô*": "noun, feminine singular + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his armor/equipment", "*ʾābâ*": "qal perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - he was willing", "*ʿăśāhʾēl*": "proper noun, masculine - Asahel", "*lāsûr*": "qal infinitive construct + preposition - to turn aside" }, "variants": { "*wayyōʾmer*": "and he said/spoke/commanded", "*nəṭēh*": "turn/incline/veer", "*yəmînəkā*": "your right/right side/right hand", "*śəmōʾlekā*": "your left/left side/left hand", "*ʾĕḥōz*": "seize/grasp/take hold of", "*nəʿārîm*": "young men/youths/servants", "*ḥălîṣātô*": "his armor/equipment/spoil", "*ʾābâ*": "was willing/consented/desired", "*lāsûr*": "to turn aside/depart/deviate" } } 22 { "verseID": "2 Samuel.2.22", "source": "וַיֹּ֧סֶף ע֣וֹד אַבְנֵ֗ר לֵאמֹר֙ אֶל־עֲשָׂהאֵ֔ל ס֥וּר לְךָ֖ מֵאַֽחֲרָ֑י לָ֤מָּה אַכֶּ֙כָּה֙ אַ֔רְצָה וְאֵיךְ֙ אֶשָּׂ֣א פָנַ֔י אֶל־יוֹאָ֖ב אָחִֽיךָ׃", "text": "*wayyōsep* again *ʾabnēr* to-*lēʾmōr* to-*ʿăśāhʾēl* *sûr* to-you from-after-me for-what *ʾakkekkâ* *ʾarṣâ* and-how *ʾeśśā* *pānay* to-*yôʾāb* *ʾāḥîkā*", "grammar": { "*wayyōsep*": "hiphil imperfect consecutive, 3rd person masculine singular - and he continued", "*ʾabnēr*": "proper noun, masculine - Abner", "*lēʾmōr*": "qal infinitive construct + preposition - to say", "*ʿăśāhʾēl*": "proper noun, masculine - Asahel", "*sûr*": "qal imperative, masculine singular - turn aside", "*ʾakkekkâ*": "hiphil imperfect, 1st person singular + 2nd person masculine singular suffix - I strike you", "*ʾarṣâ*": "noun, feminine singular + directional heh - to the ground", "*ʾeśśā*": "qal imperfect, 1st person singular - I lift up", "*pānay*": "noun, common plural construct + 1st person singular suffix - my face", "*yôʾāb*": "proper noun, masculine - Joab", "*ʾāḥîkā*": "noun, masculine singular + 2nd person masculine singular suffix - your brother" }, "variants": { "*wayyōsep*": "and he continued/added/did again", "*lēʾmōr*": "to say/speak/declare", "*sûr*": "turn aside/depart/go away", "*ʾakkekkâ*": "I strike you/smite you/kill you", "*ʾarṣâ*": "to the ground/to the earth/downward", "*ʾeśśā*": "I lift up/raise/bear", "*pānay*": "my face/countenance/presence" } } 23 { "verseID": "2 Samuel.2.23", "source": "וַיְמָאֵ֣ן לָס֗וּר וַיַּכֵּ֣הוּ אַבְנֵר֩ בְּאַחֲרֵ֨י הַחֲנִ֜ית אֶל־הַחֹ֗מֶשׁ וַתֵּצֵ֤א הַֽחֲנִית֙ מֵאַחֲרָ֔יו וַיִּפָּל־שָׁ֖ם וַיָּ֣מָת *תחתו **תַּחְתָּ֑יו וַיְהִ֡י כָּל־הַבָּ֣א אֶֽל־הַמָּקוֹם֩ אֲשֶׁר־נָ֨פַל שָׁ֧ם עֲשָׂה‪[t]‬אֵ֛ל וַיָּמֹ֖ת וַֽיַּעֲמֹֽדוּ׃", "text": "*wə-yəmāʾēn* to-*lāsûr* and-*wayyakkēhû* *ʾabnēr* in-back-of the-*ḥănît* to-the-*ḥōmeš* and-*wattēṣēʾ* the-*ḥănît* from-behind-him and-*wayyippāl*-there and-*wayyāmot* *taḥtāyw* and-*wə-yhî* all-the-*bāʾ* to-the-*māqôm* which-*nāpal* there *ʿăśāhʾēl* and-*wayyāmōt* and-*wə-yaʿămōdû*", "grammar": { "*wə-yəmāʾēn*": "piel imperfect consecutive, 3rd person masculine singular - and he refused", "*lāsûr*": "qal infinitive construct + preposition - to turn aside", "*wayyakkēhû*": "hiphil imperfect consecutive, 3rd person masculine singular + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - and he struck him", "*ʾabnēr*": "proper noun, masculine - Abner", "*ḥănît*": "noun, feminine singular + definite article - the spear", "*ḥōmeš*": "noun, masculine singular + definite article - the belly/abdomen", "*wattēṣēʾ*": "qal imperfect consecutive, 3rd person feminine singular - and it came out", "*wayyippāl*": "qal imperfect consecutive, 3rd person masculine singular - and he fell", "*wayyāmot*": "qal imperfect consecutive, 3rd person masculine singular - and he died", "*taḥtāyw*": "preposition + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - under him/in his place", "*wə-yhî*": "qal imperfect consecutive, 3rd person masculine singular - and it was", "*bāʾ*": "qal participle, masculine singular + definite article - the one coming", "*māqôm*": "noun, masculine singular + definite article - the place", "*nāpal*": "qal perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - he fell", "*ʿăśāhʾēl*": "proper noun, masculine - Asahel", "*wayyāmōt*": "qal imperfect consecutive, 3rd person masculine singular - and he died", "*wə-yaʿămōdû*": "qal imperfect consecutive, 3rd person masculine plural - and they stood" }, "variants": { "*wə-yəmāʾēn*": "and he refused/declined/was unwilling", "*lāsûr*": "to turn aside/depart/go away", "*wayyakkēhû*": "and he struck him/hit him/smote him", "*ḥănît*": "spear/javelin/lance", "*ḥōmeš*": "belly/abdomen/fifth rib", "*wattēṣēʾ*": "and it came out/went out/exited", "*wayyippāl*": "and he fell/dropped/collapsed", "*wayyāmot*": "and he died/expired/perished", "*taḥtāyw*": "under him/in his place/where he was", "*wə-yhî*": "and it was/happened/came to pass", "*bāʾ*": "coming/arriving/entering", "*nāpal*": "fell/dropped/collapsed", "*wayyāmōt*": "and he died/expired/perished", "*wə-yaʿămōdû*": "and they stood/stopped/halted" } }