Verse 14

{ "verseID": "Exodus.1.14", "source": "וַיְמָרְר֨וּ אֶת־חַיֵּיהֶ֜ם בַּעֲבֹדָ֣ה קָשָׁ֗ה בְּחֹ֙מֶר֙ וּבִלְבֵנִ֔ים וּבְכָל־עֲבֹדָ֖ה בַּשָּׂדֶ֑ה אֵ֚ת כָּל־עֲבֹ֣דָתָ֔ם אֲשֶׁר־עָבְד֥וּ בָהֶ֖ם בְּפָֽרֶךְ׃", "text": "And *way-mārərû* *ʾet*-*ḥayyêhem* in *ʿăḇōdâ* *qāšâ* with *ḥōmer* and with *ləḇēnîm* and with all *ʿăḇōdâ* in the *śādeh* *ʾēt* all *ʿăḇōdātām* which *ʿāḇədû* with them with *pāreḵ*", "grammar": { "וַיְמָרְר֨וּ": "conjunction *wə-* + verb, Piel imperfect, 3rd masculine plural, vav-consecutive - 'and they made bitter'", "אֶת־חַיֵּיהֶ֜ם": "direct object marker + noun, masculine plural + 3rd masculine plural suffix - 'their lives'", "בַּעֲבֹדָ֣ה": "preposition + noun, feminine singular - 'with labor'", "*qāšâ*": "adjective, feminine singular - 'hard'", "בְּחֹ֙מֶר֙": "preposition + noun, masculine singular - 'with mortar'", "וּבִלְבֵנִ֔ים": "conjunction *wə-* + preposition + noun, feminine plural - 'and with bricks'", "וּבְכָל־עֲבֹדָ֖ה": "conjunction *wə-* + preposition + noun, feminine singular - 'and with all labor'", "בַּשָּׂדֶ֑ה": "preposition + definite article + noun, masculine singular - 'in the field'", "אֵ֚ת": "direct object marker", "כָּל־עֲבֹ֣דָתָ֔ם": "construct + noun, feminine singular + 3rd masculine plural suffix - 'all their labor'", "אֲשֶׁר־עָבְד֥וּ": "relative pronoun + verb, Qal perfect, 3rd masculine plural - 'which they worked'", "בָהֶ֖ם": "preposition + 3rd masculine plural suffix - 'with them'", "בְּפָֽרֶךְ": "preposition + noun, masculine singular - 'with rigor'" }, "variants": { "*way-mārərû*": "they made bitter, embittered", "*ḥayyêhem*": "their lives, their existence", "*ʿăḇōdâ*": "labor, service, work, servitude", "*qāšâ*": "hard, harsh, severe, cruel", "*ḥōmer*": "mortar, clay, cement", "*ləḇēnîm*": "bricks", "*śādeh*": "field, country, open land", "*ʿăḇōdātām*": "their service, their labor, their work", "*ʿāḇədû*": "they worked, served, labored", "*pāreḵ*": "rigor, harshness, cruelty" } }

Other Translations

• GT, oversatt fra Hebraisk

  De gjorde livet deres bittert med hardt slaveri - med leire, murstein og alt slags arbeid på marken; i alt sitt arbeid behandlet de dem grusomt.

• Moderne oversettelse av Bibelen fra 1611 KJV med hebraisk kontekst

  De gjorde livet deres bittert med hardt slavearbeid i leirmørtel, teglstein, og alt slags arbeid på marken; alt arbeidet de tvang dem til var med hardt slit.

• Norsk King James

  Og de gjorde livene deres bitre med hard slavearbeid, i mur og tegl, og i alle slags tjenester på markene; all tjenesten de tvang dem til å utføre, var med stor hardhet.

• Modernisert Norsk Bibel 1866

  De gjorde livet bittert for dem med tungt arbeid, i leire og tegl, og med alt slags arbeid på markene. Alt arbeidet var hardt og trellete for dem.

• Oversettelse av hebraiske Bibeltekster til moderne norsk bokmål

  og de gjorde livet bittert for dem med hardt arbeid, med leirpuss og murstein og alle slags feltarbeid - alle de tunge byrder de påla dem.

• Bibelen: En Moderne Oversettelse av King James Version 1611

  Og de gjorde deres liv bitre med hardt arbeid i leire og tegl, og i alt slags arbeid på markene: alt arbeidet de tvang dem til å gjøre, var hardt.

• o3-mini KJV Norsk

  De gjorde livet deres bittert med hardt slaveri – de måtte arbeide med mørtel, murstein og alle slags plikter ute på markene, alt med streng hånd.

• En Moderne Oversettelse av King James Version 1611 (mar 2025)

  Og de gjorde deres liv bitre med hardt arbeid i leire og tegl, og i alt slags arbeid på markene: alt arbeidet de tvang dem til å gjøre, var hardt.

• Lingvistisk bibeloversettelse fra grunntekst

  De gjorde deres liv bittert med hardt arbeid i leire og teglstein og med alt slags arbeid på marken; alt arbeid de ble tvunget til å gjøre, var i hardt trelldom.

• Linguistic Bible Translation from Source Texts

  They made their lives bitter with harsh labor in brick and mortar and with all kinds of work in the fields; in all their harsh labor, the Egyptians worked them ruthlessly.

• GT, oversatt fra hebraisk Aug2024

  og de gjorde livet bittert for dem med hardt arbeid med leire og tegl, og alt slags arbeid på markene, alle slags trellearbeid pålagt dem med hardhet.

• Original Norsk Bibel 1866

  Og de gjorde dem deres Levnet beesk med haard Trældom i Leer og i Tegl, og med allehaande Trældom paa Marken; al deres Trældom, i hvilken de tjente dem, (maatte de trælle) strengeligen.

• King James Version 1769 (Standard Version)

  And they made their lives bitter with hard bondage, in morter, and in brick, and in all manner of service in the field: all their service, wherein they made them serve, was with rigour.

• KJV 1769 norsk

  De gjorde livene deres bitre med tungt arbeid, med å lage mursten og mørtel, og med alle slags oppgaver på markene. All tjenesten de påla dem, var med hardt arbeid.

• KJV1611 - Moderne engelsk

  And they made their lives bitter with hard bondage, in mortar, and in brick, and in all manner of service in the field: all their service, which they made them serve, was with rigor.

• King James Version 1611 (Original)

  And they made their lives bitter with hard bondage, in morter, and in brick, and in all manner of service in the field: all their service, wherein they made them serve, was with rigour.

• Norsk oversettelse av Webster

  og de gjorde livet bittert for dem med hardt arbeid i leire og stein, og med alle slags arbeidsoppdrag på marken, alt det harde slitet som de tvang dem til.

• Norsk oversettelse av Youngs Literal Translation

  og gjorde deres liv bitre med hardt trellarbeid, i leire og teglstein, og med all slags arbeid på markene; alt deres trellarbeid var hardt.

• Norsk oversettelse av ASV1901

  De gjorde deres liv bittert med hardt arbeid ved leire og tegl, og med alle slags påkjenninger på markene, alt det slitsomme arbeidet de tvang dem til.

• Norsk oversettelse av BBE

  Og gjorde deres liv bitre med hardt arbeid, med å lage byggematerialer og murstein, og med alle slags oppgaver i markene under de hardeste forhold.

• Tyndale Bible (1526/1534)

  and made their lyues bitter vnto them with cruell laboure in claye and bricke, and all maner worke in the feldes, and in all maner of service, which they caused the to worke cruelly

• Coverdale Bible (1535)

  and made their lyues bytter vnto them with greuous laboure in claye and brycke, and with allmaner of bondage in ye felde, and with allmaner of laboure, which they layed vpon them without mercy.

• Geneva Bible (1560)

  Thus they made them weary of their liues by sore labour in clay & in bricke, & in al worke in the fielde, with all maner of bondage, which they layde vpon them most cruelly.

• Bishops' Bible (1568)

  And they made their lyues bytter vnto them in that cruell bondage, in claye, and bricke, and all maner of worke in the fielde: for all their bondage wherein they serued them was ful of tirannie.

• Authorized King James Version (1611)

  And they made their lives bitter with hard bondage, in morter, and in brick, and in all manner of service in the field: all their service, wherein they made them serve, [was] with rigour.

• Webster's Bible (1833)

  and they made their lives bitter with hard service, in mortar and in brick, and in all manner of service in the field, all their service, in which they ruthlessly made them serve.

• Young's Literal Translation (1862/1898)

  and make their lives bitter in hard service, in clay, and in brick, and in every `kind' of service in the field; all their service in which they have served `is' with rigour.

• American Standard Version (1901)

  and they made their lives bitter with hard service, in mortar and in brick, and in all manner of service in the field, all their service, wherein they made them serve with rigor.

• Bible in Basic English (1941)

  And made their lives bitter with hard work, making building-material and bricks, and doing all sorts of work in the fields under the hardest conditions.

• World English Bible (2000)

  and they made their lives bitter with hard service, in mortar and in brick, and in all kinds of service in the field, all their service, in which they ruthlessly made them serve.

• NET Bible® (New English Translation)

  They made their lives bitter by hard service with mortar and bricks and by all kinds of service in the fields. Every kind of service the Israelites were required to give was rigorous.

Referenced Verses

• Exod 2:23 : 23 { "verseID": "Exodus.2.23", "source": "וַיְהִי֩ בַיָּמִ֨ים הֽ͏ָרַבִּ֜ים הָהֵ֗ם וַיָּ֙מָת֙ מֶ֣לֶךְ מִצְרַ֔יִם וַיֵּאָנְח֧וּ בְנֵֽי־יִשְׂרָאֵ֛ל מִן־הָעֲבֹדָ֖ה וַיִּזְעָ֑קוּ וַתַּ֧עַל שַׁוְעָתָ֛ם אֶל־הָאֱלֹהִ֖ים מִן־הָעֲבֹדָֽה׃", "text": "*wa-yəhî bayyāmîm hārabbîm hāhēm wa-yyāmāt meleḵ miṣrayim wa-yyēʾānəḥû bənê-yiśrāʾēl min-hāʿăbōdâ wa-yyizʿāqû wa-ttaʿal šawʿātām ʾel-hāʾĕlōhîm min-hāʿăbōdâ*", "grammar": { "*wa-yəhî*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and it came to pass", "*bayyāmîm*": "preposition + definite article + masculine plural noun - in the days", "*hārabbîm*": "definite article + masculine plural adjective - the many", "*hāhēm*": "definite article + masculine plural demonstrative pronoun - those", "*wa-yyāmāt*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and died", "*meleḵ*": "masculine singular construct - king of", "*miṣrayim*": "proper noun - Egypt", "*wa-yyēʾānəḥû*": "waw consecutive + niphal imperfect, 3rd masculine plural - and groaned", "*bənê-yiśrāʾēl*": "masculine plural construct + proper noun - children of Israel", "*min-hāʿăbōdâ*": "preposition + definite article + feminine singular noun - from the bondage/labor", "*wa-yyizʿāqû*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect, 3rd masculine plural - and cried out", "*wa-ttaʿal*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect, 3rd feminine singular - and went up", "*šawʿātām*": "feminine singular noun + 3rd masculine plural suffix - their cry", "*ʾel-hāʾĕlōhîm*": "preposition + definite article + masculine plural noun - to God", "*min-hāʿăbōdâ*": "preposition + definite article + feminine singular noun - from the bondage/labor" }, "variants": { "*yəhî*": "it came to pass/it happened", "*yāmîm*": "days/time", "*rabbîm*": "many/great/long", "*yāmāt*": "died", "*meleḵ*": "king", "*miṣrayim*": "Egypt", "*yēʾānəḥû*": "groaned/sighed", "*bənê-yiśrāʾēl*": "children of Israel/Israelites", "*ʿăbōdâ*": "bondage/labor/servitude", "*yizʿāqû*": "cried out/shouted", "*taʿal*": "went up/ascended", "*šawʿâ*": "cry/outcry", "*ʾĕlōhîm*": "God/gods/divine beings" } }
• Exod 6:9 : 9 { "verseID": "Exodus.6.9", "source": "וַיְדַבֵּ֥ר מֹשֶׁ֛ה כֵּ֖ן אֶל־בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל וְלֹ֤א שָֽׁמְעוּ֙ אֶל־מֹשֶׁ֔ה מִקֹּ֣צֶר ר֔וּחַ וּמֵעֲבֹדָ֖ה קָשָֽׁה׃", "text": "*wə-yədabbēr Mōšeh* so unto-*bənê Yiśrāʾēl* and-not *šāməʿû* unto-*Mōšeh* from-*qōṣer rûaḥ* and-from-*ʿăḇōdāh qāšāh*", "grammar": { "*wə-yədabbēr*": "waw consecutive + piel imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he spoke", "*Mōšeh*": "proper noun, masculine singular - Moses", "so": "adverb *kēn* - thus, so", "unto-*bənê Yiśrāʾēl*": "preposition + noun construct + proper noun *ʾel-bənê Yiśrāʾēl* - to the children of Israel", "and-not": "conjunction + negative particle *wə-lōʾ* - and not", "*šāməʿû*": "qal perfect, 3rd plural - they listened", "unto-*Mōšeh*": "preposition + proper noun *ʾel-Mōšeh* - to Moses", "from-*qōṣer rûaḥ*": "preposition + noun construct + noun *miq-qōṣer rûaḥ* - from shortness of spirit", "and-from-*ʿăḇōdāh qāšāh*": "conjunction + preposition + noun + adjective *û-mē-ʿăḇōdāh qāšāh* - and from hard service" }, "variants": { "*yədabbēr*": "spoke, talked, declared", "*Mōšeh*": "Moses", "*bənê Yiśrāʾēl*": "children of Israel, Israelites", "*šāməʿû*": "they listened, they heard, they heeded", "*qōṣer rûaḥ*": "shortness of breath/spirit, impatience, anguish of spirit", "*ʿăḇōdāh qāšāh*": "hard service, cruel bondage, harsh slavery" } }
• Num 20:15 : 15 { "verseID": "Numbers.20.15", "source": "וַיֵּרְד֤וּ אֲבֹתֵ֙ינוּ֙ מִצְרַ֔יְמָה וַנֵּ֥שֶׁב בְּמִצְרַ֖יִם יָמִ֣ים רַבִּ֑ים וַיָּרֵ֥עוּ לָ֛נוּ מִצְרַ֖יִם וְלַאֲבֹתֵֽינוּ", "text": "And-*yērədû* *ʾăbōtênû* *miṣrayəmâ* and-*nēšeb* in-*miṣrayim* *yāmîm* *rabbîm* and-*yārēʿû* to-us *miṣrayim* and-to-*ʾăbōtênû*", "grammar": { "*yērədû*": "waw-consecutive + qal imperfect 3rd plural - and went down", "*ʾăbōtênû*": "masculine plural construct with 1st plural suffix - our fathers", "*miṣrayəmâ*": "proper noun with directional he - to Egypt", "*nēšeb*": "waw-consecutive + qal imperfect 1st plural - and we dwelt", "*miṣrayim*": "proper noun - Egypt", "*yāmîm*": "masculine plural - days", "*rabbîm*": "masculine plural - many", "*yārēʿû*": "waw-consecutive + hiphil imperfect 3rd plural - and they treated badly", "*ʾăbōtênû*": "masculine plural construct with 1st plural suffix - our fathers" }, "variants": { "*yērədû*": "went down/descended", "*ʾăbōtênû*": "our fathers/ancestors", "*miṣrayəmâ*": "to Egypt", "*nēšeb*": "dwelt/stayed/lived", "*yāmîm* *rabbîm*": "many days/a long time", "*yārēʿû*": "treated badly/afflicted" } }
• Acts 7:19 : 19 { "verseID": "Acts.7.19", "source": "Οὗτος κατασοφισάμενος τὸ γένος ἡμῶν, ἐκάκωσεν τοὺς πατέρας ἡμῶν, τοῦ ποιεῖν ἔκθετα τὰ βρέφη αὐτῶν, εἰς τὸ μὴ ζωογονεῖσθαι.", "text": "*Houtos katasophisamenos to genos hēmōn, ekakōsen tous pateras hēmōn, tou poiein ektheta ta brephē autōn, eis to mē zōogoneisthai*.", "grammar": { "*Houtos*": "demonstrative pronoun, nominative masculine singular - this one", "*katasophisamenos*": "aorist middle participle, nominative masculine singular - having dealt craftily with", "*to genos*": "accusative neuter singular - the race/family", "*hēmōn*": "genitive plural personal pronoun - of us/our", "*ekakōsen*": "aorist active indicative, 3rd person singular - mistreated", "*tous pateras*": "accusative masculine plural - the fathers", "*hēmōn*": "genitive plural personal pronoun - of us/our", "*tou poiein*": "genitive articular infinitive - of the making/causing", "*ektheta*": "accusative neuter plural adjective - exposed/abandoned", "*ta brephē*": "accusative neuter plural - the infants", "*autōn*": "genitive plural pronoun - of them/their", "*eis to mē zōogoneisthai*": "preposition + articular infinitive with negative - so that they might not be preserved alive" }, "variants": { "*katasophisamenos*": "having dealt craftily with/having outwitted/having deceived", "*ekakōsen*": "mistreated/oppressed/ill-treated", "*tou poiein ektheta*": "to make exposed/to cause to be abandoned", "*brephē*": "infants/babies/young children", "*eis to mē zōogoneisthai*": "so that they might not live/survive/be preserved alive" } }
• Acts 7:34 : 34 { "verseID": "Acts.7.34", "source": "Ἰδὼν, εἶδον τὴν κάκωσιν τοῦ λαοῦ μου τοῦ ἐν Αἰγύπτῳ, καὶ τοῦ στεναγμοῦ αὐτῶν ἤκουσα, καὶ κατέβην ἐξελέσθαι αὐτούς. Καὶ νῦν δεῦρο, ἀποστελῶ σε εἰς Αἴγυπτον.", "text": "*Idōn*, *eidon* the *kakōsin* of the *laou* of me, the *en* *Aigyptō*, *kai* of the *stenagmou* of them *ēkousa*, *kai* *katebēn* *exelesthai* them. *Kai* *nyn* *deuro*, *apostelō* you *eis* *Aigypton*.", "grammar": { "*Idōn*": "aorist active participle, nominative masculine singular - seeing", "*eidon*": "aorist active indicative, 1st person singular - I saw", "*kakōsin*": "accusative feminine singular - affliction/ill-treatment", "*laou*": "genitive masculine singular - people", "*en*": "preposition + dative - in", "*Aigyptō*": "dative feminine singular - Egypt", "*kai*": "conjunction - and", "*stenagmou*": "genitive masculine singular - groaning", "*ēkousa*": "aorist active indicative, 1st person singular - I heard", "*katebēn*": "aorist active indicative, 1st person singular - I came down", "*exelesthai*": "aorist middle infinitive - to deliver/rescue", "*nyn*": "adverb - now", "*deuro*": "adverb/imperative - come", "*apostelō*": "future active indicative, 1st person singular - I will send", "*eis*": "preposition + accusative - to/into" }, "variants": { "*Idōn*": "seeing/having seen (emphatic form with following verb)", "*eidon*": "I saw/observed/perceived", "*kakōsin*": "affliction/ill-treatment/oppression", "*laou*": "people/nation/folk", "*stenagmou*": "groaning/sighing/moaning", "*ēkousa*": "I heard/listened to", "*katebēn*": "I came down/descended", "*exelesthai*": "to deliver/rescue/take out", "*deuro*": "come/come here/come now", "*apostelō*": "I will send/dispatch/commission" } }
• Ps 81:6 : 6 { "verseID": "Psalms.81.6", "source": "עֵד֤וּת ׀ בִּֽיה֘וֹסֵ֤ף שָׂמ֗וֹ בְּ֭צֵאתוֹ עַל־אֶ֣רֶץ מִצְרָ֑יִם שְׂפַ֖ת לֹא־יָדַ֣עְתִּי אֶשְׁמָֽע׃", "text": "*ʿēdût* in *yəhôsēp̄* *śāmô* in his *ṣēʾtô* upon *ʾereṣ* *miṣrāyim*; *śəp̄at* not-*yādaʿtî* *ʾešmāʿ*", "grammar": { "*ʿēdût*": "feminine singular noun - 'testimony/witness'", "*yəhôsēp̄*": "proper name with prefixed preposition bet - 'in Joseph'", "*śāmô*": "qal perfect 3rd masculine singular with 3rd masculine singular suffix - 'he established it'", "*ṣēʾtô*": "qal infinitive construct with 3rd masculine singular suffix and prefixed preposition bet - 'when he went out'", "*ʾereṣ*": "feminine singular construct - 'land of'", "*miṣrāyim*": "proper name with prefixed preposition 'al - 'against/over Egypt'", "*śəp̄at*": "feminine singular construct - 'language of'", "*yādaʿtî*": "qal perfect 1st singular with negation - 'I did not know'", "*ʾešmāʿ*": "qal imperfect 1st singular - 'I heard/will hear'" }, "variants": { "*ʿēdût*": "testimony/witness/decree/ordinance", "*yəhôsēp̄*": "Joseph (either the person or representing the northern tribes)", "*śāmô*": "established it/appointed it/placed it", "*ṣēʾtô*": "his going out/when he went out/his departure", "*ʾereṣ*": "land/earth/ground/territory", "*miṣrāyim*": "Egypt/Egyptians", "*śəp̄at*": "language/lip/speech/edge", "*yādaʿtî*": "I knew/I had known/I understood", "*ʾešmāʿ*": "I heard/I will hear/I was hearing" } }
• Isa 14:6 : 6 { "verseID": "Isaiah.14.6", "source": "מַכֶּ֤ה עַמִּים֙ בְּעֶבְרָ֔ה מַכַּ֖ת בִּלְתִּ֣י סָרָ֑ה רֹדֶ֤ה בָאַף֙ גּוֹיִ֔ם מֻרְדָּ֖ף בְּלִ֥י חָשָֽׂךְ׃", "text": "*makkeh* *ʿammîm* in-*ʿeḇrāh*, *makkat* *biltî* *sārāh*; *rōdeh* in-the-*ʾap̄* *gôyim*, *murdāp̄* *bǝlî* *ḥāśāḵ*.", "grammar": { "*makkeh*": "hiphil active participle, masculine singular - striking/smiting", "*ʿammîm*": "masculine plural noun - peoples", "*ʿeḇrāh*": "feminine singular noun - fury/wrath/rage", "*makkat*": "construct form of feminine noun - blow/striking of", "*biltî*": "negative particle - without/lack of", "*sārāh*": "qal active participle, feminine singular - turning aside/ceasing", "*rōdeh*": "qal active participle, masculine singular - ruling/subduing", "*ʾap̄*": "masculine singular noun - anger/nose", "*gôyim*": "masculine plural noun - nations", "*murdāp̄*": "hophal participle, masculine singular - being pursued/persecuted", "*bǝlî*": "negative particle - without/lack of", "*ḥāśāḵ*": "qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - restraint/sparing" }, "variants": { "*makkeh*": "striking/smiting/beating", "*ʿeḇrāh*": "fury/wrath/rage/overflow", "*makkat*": "blow/stroke/plague/wound", "*biltî*": "without/not/except", "*sārāh*": "turning aside/ceasing/stopping", "*rōdeh*": "ruling/subduing/treading down", "*ʾap̄*": "anger/nose/wrath", "*murdāp̄*": "being pursued/persecuted/chased", "*ḥāśāḵ*": "restraint/sparing/holding back" } }
• Isa 51:23 : 23 { "verseID": "Isaiah.51.23", "source": "וְשַׂמְתִּ֙יהָ֙ בְּיַד־מוֹגַ֔יִךְ אֲשֶׁר־אָמְר֥וּ לְנַפְשֵׁ֖ךְ שְׁחִ֣י וְנַעֲבֹ֑רָה וַתָּשִׂ֤ימִי כָאָ֙רֶץ֙ גֵּוֵ֔ךְ וְכַח֖וּץ לַעֹבְרִֽים", "text": "*wəśamtîhā bəyad-môgayik 'ăšer-'āmərû lənap̄šēk šəḥî wəna'ăbōrâ wattāśîmî kā'āreṣ gēwēk wəkaḥûṣ lā'ōbərîm*", "grammar": { "*wəśamtîhā*": "conjunction + Qal perfect, 1st person singular with 3rd person feminine singular suffix - and I will put it", "*bəyad*": "preposition + common noun, feminine singular construct - in hand of", "*môgayik*": "Hiphil participle, masculine plural with 2nd person feminine singular suffix - those afflicting you", "*'ăšer*": "relative pronoun - who", "*'āmərû*": "Qal perfect, 3rd person common plural - they said", "*lənap̄šēk*": "preposition + common noun, feminine singular with 2nd person feminine singular suffix - to your soul", "*šəḥî*": "Qal imperative, feminine singular - bow down", "*wəna'ăbōrâ*": "conjunction + Qal cohortative, 1st person plural - that we may cross over", "*wattāśîmî*": "conjunction + Qal imperfect, 2nd person feminine singular - and you made", "*kā'āreṣ*": "preposition + definite article + common noun, feminine singular - like the ground", "*gēwēk*": "common noun, masculine singular with 2nd person feminine singular suffix - your back/body", "*wəkaḥûṣ*": "conjunction + preposition + definite article + common noun, masculine singular - and like the street", "*lā'ōbərîm*": "preposition + definite article + Qal participle, masculine plural - for the passersby" }, "variants": { "*môgayik*": "those afflicting you/your tormentors", "*nap̄šēk*": "your soul/your life/yourself", "*šəḥî*": "bow down/prostrate yourself", "*na'ăbōrâ*": "that we may cross over/that we may pass over", "*gēwēk*": "your back/your body/your person", "*ḥûṣ*": "street/outside", "*'ōbərîm*": "passersby/those who cross over" } }
• Isa 52:5 : 5 { "verseID": "Isaiah.52.5", "source": "וְעַתָּ֤ה *מי־*לי־**מַה־**לִּי־פֹה֙ נְאֻם־יְהוָ֔ה כִּֽי־לֻקַּ֥ח עַמִּ֖י חִנָּ֑ם *משלו **מֹשְׁלָ֤יו יְהֵילִ֙ילוּ֙ נְאֻם־יְהוָ֔ה וְתָמִ֥יד כָּל־הַיּ֖וֹם שְׁמִ֥י מִנֹּאָּֽץ׃", "text": "*wəʿattâ* *mah-lî-pōh* *nəʾum-YHWH* *kî-luqqaḥ* *ʿammî* *ḥinnām* *mōšəlāw* *yəhêlîlû* *nəʾum-YHWH* *wətāmîd* *kol-hayyôm* *šəmî* *minnōʾāṣ*", "grammar": { "*wəʿattâ*": "conjunction + adverb - and now", "*mah-lî-pōh*": "interrogative pronoun + preposition with 1st person singular suffix + adverb - what to me here", "*nəʾum-YHWH*": "noun, masculine singular construct + proper noun - declaration of Yahweh", "*kî-luqqaḥ*": "conjunction + verb, pual perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - for has been taken", "*ʿammî*": "noun, masculine singular with 1st person singular suffix - my people", "*ḥinnām*": "adverb - for nothing/without cause", "*mōšəlāw*": "verb, qal participle, masculine plural with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his rulers", "*yəhêlîlû*": "verb, hiphil imperfect, 3rd person masculine plural - they howl/wail", "*wətāmîd*": "conjunction + adverb - and continually", "*kol-hayyôm*": "noun, masculine singular construct + definite article + noun, masculine singular - all the day", "*šəmî*": "noun, masculine singular with 1st person singular suffix - my name", "*minnōʾāṣ*": "preposition + verb, pual participle, masculine singular - is blasphemed/despised" }, "variants": { "*mah-lî-pōh*": "what do I have here/what is to me here", "*nəʾum-YHWH*": "declaration of Yahweh/says the LORD", "*luqqaḥ*": "has been taken/has been captured", "*ḥinnām*": "for nothing/without payment/without cause", "*mōšəlāw*": "his rulers/those who rule over him", "*yəhêlîlû*": "they howl/they wail/they mock", "*minnōʾāṣ*": "is blasphemed/is despised/is treated with contempt" } }
• Isa 58:6 : 6 { "verseID": "Isaiah.58.6", "source": "הֲל֣וֹא זֶה֮ צ֣וֹם אֶבְחָרֵהוּ֒ פַּתֵּ֙חַ֙ חַרְצֻבּ֣וֹת רֶ֔שַׁע הַתֵּ֖ר אֲגֻדּ֣וֹת מוֹטָ֑ה וְשַׁלַּ֤ח רְצוּצִים֙ חָפְשִׁ֔ים וְכָל־מוֹטָ֖ה תְּנַתֵּֽקוּ׃", "text": "*hă*-not this *ṣôm* *ʾebḥārēhû* *pattēaḥ* *ḥarṣubbôt* *rešaʿ* *hattēr* *ʾăguddôt* *môṭāh* *wə*-*šallaḥ* *rəṣûṣîm* *ḥāpšîm* *wə*-all-*môṭāh* *tənatēqû*", "grammar": { "*hă*-*lôʾ*": "interrogative particle with negative - is not?", "*zeh*": "demonstrative - this", "*ṣôm*": "noun - fast", "*ʾebḥārēhû*": "imperfect 1st person singular with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - I choose it", "*pattēaḥ*": "infinitive absolute - to loose/open", "*ḥarṣubbôt*": "noun, plural construct - bonds/fetters of", "*rešaʿ*": "noun - wickedness", "*hattēr*": "infinitive absolute - to untie/loosen", "*ʾăguddôt*": "noun, plural construct - bonds/bands of", "*môṭāh*": "noun - yoke", "*wə*-*šallaḥ*": "conjunction with infinitive absolute - and to let go", "*rəṣûṣîm*": "passive participle masculine plural - oppressed", "*ḥāpšîm*": "adjective masculine plural - free", "*wə*-*kol*-*môṭāh*": "conjunction with noun 'all' with noun - and every yoke", "*tənatēqû*": "imperfect 2nd person masculine plural - you break" }, "variants": { "*ṣôm*": "fast/fasting", "*ʾebḥārēhû*": "I choose it/I select it/I prefer it", "*pattēaḥ*": "to loose/to open/to unbind", "*ḥarṣubbôt*": "bonds/fetters/chains", "*rešaʿ*": "wickedness/evil/injustice", "*hattēr*": "to untie/to loosen/to release", "*ʾăguddôt*": "bonds/bands/bindings", "*môṭāh*": "yoke/bar", "*šallaḥ*": "to let go/to send away/to release", "*rəṣûṣîm*": "oppressed/crushed ones", "*ḥāpšîm*": "free/liberty", "*tənatēqû*": "you break/you tear off/you pull apart" } }
• Jer 50:33-34 : 33 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.50.33", "source": "כֹּ֤ה אָמַר֙ יְהוָ֣ה צְבָא֔וֹת עֲשׁוּקִ֛ים בְּנֵי־יִשְׂרָאֵ֥ל וּבְנֵי־יְהוּדָ֖ה יַחְדָּ֑ו וְכָל־שֹֽׁבֵיהֶם֙ הֶחֱזִ֣יקוּ בָ֔ם מֵאֲנ֖וּ שַׁלְּחָֽם׃", "text": "Thus *ʾāmar* *YHWH* *ṣĕbāʾôt*, *ʿăšûqîm* sons-of-*yiśrāʾēl* and-sons-of-*yĕhûdâ* *yaḥdāw*; and-all-*šōbêhem* *heḥĕzîqû* in-them, *mēʾănû* *šallĕḥām*.", "grammar": { "*kōh*": "adverb - thus/so", "*ʾāmar*": "Qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - says/said", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - personal name of God", "*ṣĕbāʾôt*": "feminine plural noun, construct state - of hosts/armies", "*ʿăšûqîm*": "Qal passive participle, masculine plural - oppressed/exploited ones", "*bĕnê*": "masculine plural noun, construct - sons of", "*yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel", "*û*": "conjunction - and", "*bĕnê*": "masculine plural noun, construct - sons of", "*yĕhûdâ*": "proper noun - Judah", "*yaḥdāw*": "adverb - together/at the same time", "*kāl*": "construct noun - all of", "*šōbêhem*": "Qal participle, masculine plural with 3rd plural suffix - their captors", "*heḥĕzîqû*": "Hiphil perfect, 3rd plural - they have seized/held firmly", "*bām*": "preposition with 3rd masculine plural suffix - in them", "*mēʾănû*": "Piel perfect, 3rd plural - they have refused", "*šallĕḥām*": "Piel infinitive construct with 3rd masculine plural suffix - to release/let them go" }, "variants": { "*ʿăšûqîm*": "oppressed/exploited/defrauded ones", "*šōbêhem*": "their captors/captives/captivity", "*heḥĕzîqû*": "seized strongly/held fast/grasped firmly", "*mēʾănû*": "refused/were unwilling/declined", "*šallĕḥām*": "to release them/let them go/send them away" } } 34 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.50.34", "source": "גֹּאֲלָ֣ם ׀ חָזָ֗ק יְהוָ֤ה צְבָאוֹת֙ שְׁמ֔וֹ רִ֥יב יָרִ֖יב אֶת־רִיבָ֑ם לְמַ֙עַן֙ הִרְגִּ֣יעַ אֶת־הָאָ֔רֶץ וְהִרְגִּ֖יז לְיֹשְׁבֵ֥י בָבֶֽל׃", "text": "*gōʾălām* *ḥāzāq* *YHWH* *ṣĕbāʾôt* *šĕmô*, *rîb* *yārîb* *ʾet*-*rîbām* *lĕmaʿan* *hirgîaʿ* *ʾet*-*hāʾāreṣ* and-*hirgîz* to-inhabitants-of-*bābel*.", "grammar": { "*gōʾălām*": "Qal participle, masculine singular with 3rd masculine plural suffix - their redeemer", "*ḥāzāq*": "adjective, masculine singular - strong/mighty", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - personal name of God", "*ṣĕbāʾôt*": "feminine plural noun, construct state - of hosts/armies", "*šĕmô*": "masculine singular noun with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his name", "*rîb*": "Qal infinitive absolute - contend/plead a case", "*yārîb*": "Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - he will contend/plead", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*rîbām*": "masculine singular noun with 3rd masculine plural suffix - their case/cause", "*lĕmaʿan*": "conjunction - in order that/so that", "*hirgîaʿ*": "Hiphil infinitive construct - to give rest to/cause quietness", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*hāʾāreṣ*": "definite article + feminine singular noun - the land/earth", "*hirgîz*": "Hiphil infinitive construct - to cause to tremble/disquiet", "*lĕyōšĕbê*": "preposition + Qal participle, masculine plural construct - to inhabitants of", "*bābel*": "proper noun - Babylon" }, "variants": { "*gōʾălām*": "their redeemer/avenger/kinsman", "*ḥāzāq*": "strong/mighty/powerful", "*rîb*": "contention/controversy/case/dispute", "*yārîb*": "will contend/plead/strive", "*hirgîaʿ*": "to give rest/cause quietness/provide relief", "*hirgîz*": "to cause trembling/disquiet/agitate/disturb" } }
• Mic 3:3 : 3 { "verseID": "Micah.3.3", "source": "וַאֲשֶׁ֣ר אָכְלוּ֮ שְׁאֵ֣ר עַמִּי֒ וְעוֹרָם֙ מֵעֲלֵיהֶ֣ם הִפְשִׁ֔יטוּ וְאֶת־עַצְמֹֽתֵיהֶ֖ם פִּצֵּ֑חוּ וּפָרְשׂוּ֙ כַּאֲשֶׁ֣ר בַּסִּ֔יר וּכְבָשָׂ֖ר בְּת֥וֹךְ קַלָּֽחַת׃", "text": "And-who *ʾāklû* *šĕʾēr* *ʿammî* and-*ʿôrām* from-upon-them *hipšîṭû* and-*ʾet*-*ʿaṣmōtêhem* *piṣṣēḥû* and-*pārĕśû* like-that-which in-the-*sîr* and-like-*bāśār* in-midst *qallāḥat*", "grammar": { "*ʾāklû*": "3rd person plural qal perfect - they ate/devoured", "*šĕʾēr*": "masculine singular construct - flesh of", "*ʿammî*": "masculine singular noun with 1st person singular suffix - my people", "*ʿôrām*": "masculine singular noun with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - their skin", "*hipšîṭû*": "3rd person plural hiphil perfect - they stripped off", "*ʿaṣmōtêhem*": "feminine plural noun with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - their bones", "*piṣṣēḥû*": "3rd person plural piel perfect - they broke in pieces", "*pārĕśû*": "3rd person plural qal perfect - they spread out/divided", "*sîr*": "masculine singular noun - pot", "*bāśār*": "masculine singular noun - flesh/meat", "*qallāḥat*": "feminine singular noun - caldron/pot" }, "variants": { "*ʾāklû*": "they ate/devoured/consumed", "*šĕʾēr*": "flesh/meat/food/kin", "*hipšîṭû*": "they stripped off/flayed", "*piṣṣēḥû*": "they broke in pieces/shattered/crushed", "*pārĕśû*": "they spread out/scattered/divided", "*sîr*": "pot/kettle", "*bāśār*": "flesh/meat/body", "*qallāḥat*": "caldron/cooking pot" } }
• Nah 3:14 : 14 { "verseID": "Nahum.3.14", "source": "מֵי מָצוֹר שַׁאֲבִי־לָךְ חַזְּקִי מִבְצָרָיִךְ בֹּאִי בַטִּיט וְרִמְסִי בַחֹמֶר הַחֲזִיקִי מַלְבֵּן׃", "text": "*mê* *māṣôr* *šaʾăbî-lāk* *ḥazzĕqî* *mibṣārāyik* *bōʾî* *baṭ-ṭîṭ* *wĕ-rimsî* *ba-ḥōmer* *haḥăzîqî* *malbēn*", "grammar": { "*mê*": "noun, masculine, plural construct - waters of", "*māṣôr*": "noun, masculine, singular - siege", "*šaʾăbî-lāk*": "verb, Qal imperative, feminine singular + preposition + 2nd feminine singular suffix - draw for yourself", "*ḥazzĕqî*": "verb, Piel imperative, feminine singular - strengthen", "*mibṣārāyik*": "noun, masculine, plural + 2nd feminine singular suffix - your fortresses", "*bōʾî*": "verb, Qal imperative, feminine singular - go", "*baṭ-ṭîṭ*": "preposition + article + noun, masculine, singular - into the clay/mud", "*wĕ-rimsî*": "conjunction + verb, Qal imperative, feminine singular - and tread/trample", "*ba-ḥōmer*": "preposition + article + noun, masculine, singular - in the mortar", "*haḥăzîqî*": "verb, Hiphil imperative, feminine singular - take hold of/strengthen", "*malbēn*": "noun, masculine, singular - brick mold/brick kiln" }, "variants": { "*mê māṣôr*": "siege water/water for the siege", "*šaʾăbî*": "draw/bring up", "*ḥazzĕqî*": "strengthen/reinforce/fortify", "*bōʾî*": "go/enter/come", "*ṭîṭ*": "clay/mud/mire", "*rimsî*": "tread/trample/stamp", "*ḥōmer*": "mortar/clay/cement", "*haḥăzîqî*": "take hold of/grasp/strengthen", "*malbēn*": "brick mold/kiln/brick-making apparatus" } }
• Exod 20:2 : 2 { "verseID": "Exodus.20.2", "source": "אָֽנֹכִ֖י֙ יְהוָ֣ה אֱלֹהֶ֑֔יךָ אֲשֶׁ֧ר הוֹצֵאתִ֛יךָ מֵאֶ֥רֶץ מִצְרַ֖יִם מִבֵּ֣֥ית עֲבָדִ֑͏ֽים׃", "text": "*ʾānōḵî YHWH ʾĕlōheḵā ʾăsher hôṣēʾṯîḵā mē-ʾereṣ miṣrayim mib-bêṯ ʿăḇāḏîm*", "grammar": { "*ʾānōḵî*": "1st person singular pronoun - I", "*YHWH*": "proper name - LORD/YHWH", "*ʾĕlōheḵā*": "masculine plural noun construct with 2nd masculine singular suffix - your God", "*ʾăsher*": "relative pronoun - who/that", "*hôṣēʾṯîḵā*": "hiphil perfect, 1st singular with 2nd masculine singular suffix - I brought you out", "*mē-ʾereṣ*": "preposition + noun construct - from land of", "*miṣrayim*": "proper noun - Egypt", "*mib-bêṯ*": "preposition + noun construct - from house of", "*ʿăḇāḏîm*": "masculine plural noun - slaves/servants" }, "variants": { "*ʾānōḵî*": "I (emphatic form)", "*YHWH*": "Yahweh/LORD/the Eternal", "*ʾĕlōheḵā*": "your God/your deity", "*hôṣēʾṯîḵā*": "I brought you out/rescued you/delivered you", "*bêṯ ʿăḇāḏîm*": "house of slaves/place of servitude/bondage" } }
• Lev 25:43 : 43 { "verseID": "Leviticus.25.43", "source": "לֹא־תִרְדֶּ֥ה ב֖וֹ בְּפָ֑רֶךְ וְיָרֵ֖אתָ מֵאֱלֹהֶֽיךָ׃", "text": "Not-*tirdeh* in-him with-*pārek* and-*yārēʾtā* from-*ʾĕlōhêkā*.", "grammar": { "*tirdeh*": "2nd person masculine singular qal imperfect - you shall rule", "*pārek*": "masculine singular noun with preposition - with harshness/severity", "*yārēʾtā*": "2nd person masculine singular qal perfect with waw consecutive - you shall fear", "*ʾĕlōhêkā*": "masculine plural noun with 2nd person masculine singular possessive suffix - your God" }, "variants": { "*tirdeh*": "rule/dominate/have dominion over", "*pārek*": "harshness/severity/rigor/oppression", "*yārēʾtā*": "fear/reverence/stand in awe of" } }
• Lev 25:46 : 46 { "verseID": "Leviticus.25.46", "source": "וְהִתְנַחֲלְתֶּ֨ם אֹתָ֜ם לִבְנֵיכֶ֤ם אַחֲרֵיכֶם֙ לָרֶ֣שֶׁת אֲחֻזָּ֔ה לְעֹלָ֖ם בָּהֶ֣ם תַּעֲבֹ֑דוּ וּבְאַ֨חֵיכֶ֤ם בְּנֵֽי־יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ אִ֣ישׁ בְּאָחִ֔יו לֹא־תִרְדֶּ֥ה ב֖וֹ בְּפָֽרֶךְ׃ ס", "text": "And-*hitnəḥaltem* *ʾōtām* to-*bĕnêkem* *ʾaḥărêkem* to-*lārešet* *ʾăḥuzzâ* to-*ʿōlām* in-them *taʿăbōdû* and-in-*ʾaḥêkem* *bĕnê*-*yiśrāʾēl* *ʾîš* in-*ʾāḥîw* not-*tirdeh* in-him with-*pārek*.", "grammar": { "*hitnəḥaltem*": "2nd person masculine plural hithpael perfect with waw consecutive - you shall take them as inheritance", "*ʾōtām*": "direct object marker with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - them", "*bĕnêkem*": "masculine plural noun with 2nd person masculine plural possessive suffix - your sons", "*ʾaḥărêkem*": "preposition with 2nd person masculine plural suffix - after you", "*lārešet*": "qal infinitive construct with preposition - to possess", "*ʾăḥuzzâ*": "feminine singular noun - possession/property", "*ʿōlām*": "masculine singular noun - forever/eternity", "*taʿăbōdû*": "2nd person masculine plural qal imperfect - you shall work/serve", "*ʾaḥêkem*": "masculine plural noun with 2nd person masculine plural possessive suffix - your brothers", "*bĕnê*": "masculine plural construct - sons of", "*yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel", "*ʾîš*": "masculine singular noun - man/each", "*ʾāḥîw*": "masculine singular noun with 3rd person masculine singular possessive suffix - his brother", "*tirdeh*": "2nd person masculine singular qal imperfect - you shall rule", "*pārek*": "masculine singular noun with preposition - with harshness" }, "variants": { "*hitnəḥaltem*": "take as inheritance/inherit/pass as property", "*lārešet*": "to possess/to inherit/to take possession of", "*ʿōlām*": "forever/permanently/for all time", "*tirdeh*": "rule/dominate/have dominion", "*pārek*": "harshness/severity/rigor/oppression" } }
• Lev 25:53 : 53 { "verseID": "Leviticus.25.53", "source": "כִּשְׂכִ֥יר שָׁנָ֛ה בְּשָׁנָ֖ה יִהְיֶ֣ה עִמּ֑וֹ לֹֽא־יִרְדֶּ֥נּֽוּ בְּפֶ֖רֶךְ לְעֵינֶֽיךָ׃", "text": "Like-*śĕkîr* *šānâ* in-*šānâ* *yihyeh* with-him not-*yirdennu* with-*perek* to-*ʿênêkā*.", "grammar": { "*śĕkîr*": "masculine singular noun - hired laborer", "*šānâ*": "feminine singular noun - year", "*šānâ*": "feminine singular noun with preposition - in year", "*yihyeh*": "3rd person masculine singular qal imperfect - he shall be", "*yirdennu*": "3rd person masculine singular qal imperfect with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - he shall rule him", "*perek*": "masculine singular noun with preposition - with harshness", "*ʿênêkā*": "feminine dual noun with 2nd person masculine singular suffix - your eyes" }, "variants": { "*śĕkîr* *šānâ* in-*šānâ*": "as a yearly hired worker/as an annual laborer", "*yirdennu*": "rule him/have dominion over him", "*perek*": "harshness/severity/rigor/oppression", "*ʿênêkā*": "in your sight/before your eyes" } }
• Exod 5:7-9 : 7 { "verseID": "Exodus.5.7", "source": "לֹ֣א תֹאסִפ֞וּן לָתֵ֨ת תֶּ֧בֶן לָעָ֛ם לִלְבֹּ֥ן הַלְּבֵנִ֖ים כִּתְמ֣וֹל שִׁלְשֹׁ֑ם הֵ֚ם יֵֽלְכ֔וּ וְקֹשְׁשׁ֥וּ לָהֶ֖ם תֶּֽבֶן׃", "text": "Not *tōʾsiḇûn* *lātēt* *teḇen* to the people *lilbōn* the *hallə̄ḇēnîm* as *kitmôl* *šilšōm*; they *yēlḵû* and *wəqōšəšû* for themselves *teḇen*.", "grammar": { "*lōʾ*": "negative particle - not", "*tōʾsiḇûn*": "hiphil imperfect, 2nd masculine plural - you shall continue", "*lātēt*": "qal infinitive construct - to give", "*teḇen*": "noun, masculine singular - straw", "*lā*": "preposition with definite article - to the", "*ʿām*": "noun, masculine singular - people", "*lilbōn*": "qal infinitive construct with preposition - to make bricks", "*ha*": "definite article - the", "*lə̄ḇēnîm*": "noun, feminine plural - bricks", "*ki*": "preposition - as, like", "*təmôl*": "adverb - yesterday", "*šilšōm*": "adverb - day before yesterday, previously", "*hēm*": "pronoun, 3rd masculine plural - they", "*yēlḵû*": "qal imperfect, 3rd masculine plural - they shall go", "*wə*": "conjunction - and", "*qōšəšû*": "poel perfect, 3rd common plural - they shall gather", "*lāhem*": "preposition with 3rd masculine plural suffix - for themselves", "*teḇen*": "noun, masculine singular - straw" }, "variants": { "*tōʾsiḇûn*": "you shall continue, you shall add, you shall do again", "*lātēt*": "to give, to provide, to supply", "*teḇen*": "straw, stubble, chaff", "*lilbōn*": "to make bricks, to form bricks", "*lə̄ḇēnîm*": "bricks, clay blocks, mud bricks", "*təmôl*": "yesterday, previously, before", "*šilšōm*": "day before yesterday, earlier, formerly", "*yēlḵû*": "they shall go, they will proceed, they must depart", "*qōšəšû*": "they shall gather, collect, assemble" } } 8 { "verseID": "Exodus.5.8", "source": "וְאֶת־מַתְכֹּ֨נֶת הַלְּבֵנִ֜ים אֲשֶׁ֣ר הֵם֩ עֹשִׂ֨ים תְּמ֤וֹל שִׁלְשֹׁם֙ תָּשִׂ֣ימוּ עֲלֵיהֶ֔ם לֹ֥א תִגְרְע֖וּ מִמֶּ֑נּוּ כִּֽי־נִרְפִּ֣ים הֵ֔ם עַל־כֵּ֗ן הֵ֤ם צֹֽעֲקִים֙ לֵאמֹ֔ר נֵלְכָ֖ה נִזְבְּחָ֥ה לֵאלֹהֵֽינוּ׃", "text": "And *wəʾet*-*maṯkōneṯ* the *hallə̄ḇēnîm* *ʾăšer* they *ʿōśîm* *təmôl* *šilšōm* *tāśîmû* upon them; not *ṯiḡrəʿû* from it, for *kî*-*nirpîm* they are. Therefore *ʿal*-*kēn* they *ṣōʿăqîm* *lēʾmōr*: *nēlḵâ* *nizbəḥâ* to our *lēʾlōhênû*.", "grammar": { "*wə*": "conjunction - and", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*maṯkōneṯ*": "noun, feminine singular construct - quota, prescribed amount", "*ha*": "definite article - the", "*lə̄ḇēnîm*": "noun, feminine plural - bricks", "*ʾăšer*": "relative particle - which, that", "*hēm*": "pronoun, 3rd masculine plural - they", "*ʿōśîm*": "qal participle, masculine plural - making, doing", "*təmôl*": "adverb - yesterday", "*šilšōm*": "adverb - day before yesterday, previously", "*tāśîmû*": "qal imperfect, 2nd masculine plural - you shall place/impose", "*ʿălêhem*": "preposition with 3rd masculine plural suffix - upon them", "*lōʾ*": "negative particle - not", "*ṯiḡrəʿû*": "qal imperfect, 2nd masculine plural - you shall diminish", "*mimmenû*": "preposition with 3rd masculine singular suffix - from it", "*kî*": "conjunction - for, because", "*nirpîm*": "niphal participle, masculine plural - idle, lazy", "*hēm*": "pronoun, 3rd masculine plural - they", "*ʿal*": "preposition - upon, because of", "*kēn*": "adverb - so, thus, therefore", "*hēm*": "pronoun, 3rd masculine plural - they", "*ṣōʿăqîm*": "qal participle, masculine plural - crying out", "*lēʾmōr*": "qal infinitive construct - saying", "*nēlḵâ*": "qal cohortative, 1st plural - let us go", "*nizbəḥâ*": "qal cohortative, 1st plural - let us sacrifice", "*lə*": "preposition - to", "*ʾĕlōhênû*": "noun, masculine plural with 1st person plural suffix - our God" }, "variants": { "*maṯkōneṯ*": "quota, prescribed amount, measure", "*lə̄ḇēnîm*": "bricks, clay blocks, mud bricks", "*ʿōśîm*": "making, doing, producing", "*təmôl*": "yesterday, previously, before", "*šilšōm*": "day before yesterday, earlier, formerly", "*tāśîmû*": "you shall place, impose, set", "*ṯiḡrəʿû*": "you shall diminish, reduce, lessen", "*nirpîm*": "idle, lazy, slack", "*ṣōʿăqîm*": "crying out, calling, shouting", "*nēlḵâ*": "let us go, we wish to go", "*nizbəḥâ*": "let us sacrifice, let us offer, let us slaughter (ritually)" } } 9 { "verseID": "Exodus.5.9", "source": "תִּכְבַּ֧ד הָעֲבֹדָ֛ה עַל־הָאֲנָשִׁ֖ים וְיַעֲשׂוּ־בָ֑הּ וְאַל־יִשְׁע֖וּ בְּדִבְרֵי־שָֽׁקֶר׃", "text": "*Tikbad* the *hāʿăḇōḏâ* upon the *hāʾănāšîm* and *wəyaʿăśû*-*ḇāh* and not *wəʾal*-*yišʿû* in *bəḏiḇrê*-*šāqer*.", "grammar": { "*tikbad*": "qal imperfect jussive, 3rd feminine singular - let be heavy", "*hā*": "definite article - the", "*ʿăḇōḏâ*": "noun, feminine singular - work, labor, service", "*ʿal*": "preposition - upon", "*hā*": "definite article - the", "*ʾănāšîm*": "noun, masculine plural - men", "*wə*": "conjunction - and", "*yaʿăśû*": "qal imperfect, 3rd masculine plural - they will do/perform", "*ḇāh*": "preposition with 3rd feminine singular suffix - in it", "*wə*": "conjunction - and", "*ʾal*": "negative particle - not", "*yišʿû*": "qal imperfect, 3rd masculine plural - they will pay attention to", "*bə*": "preposition - in", "*diḇrê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - words of", "*šāqer*": "noun, masculine singular - falsehood, lie" }, "variants": { "*tikbad*": "let be heavy, let be burdensome, let be severe", "*ʿăḇōḏâ*": "work, labor, service, servitude", "*ʾănāšîm*": "men, people, individuals", "*yaʿăśû*": "they will do, perform, accomplish", "*yišʿû*": "they will pay attention to, regard, look to", "*diḇrê*": "words, matters, things", "*šāqer*": "falsehood, lie, deception" } } 10 { "verseID": "Exodus.5.10", "source": "וַיֵּ֨צְא֜וּ נֹגְשֵׂ֤י הָעָם֙ וְשֹׁ֣טְרָ֔יו וַיֹּאמְר֥וּ אֶל־הָעָ֖ם לֵאמֹ֑ר כֹּ֚ה אָמַ֣ר פַּרְעֹ֔ה אֵינֶ֛נִּי נֹתֵ֥ן לָכֶ֖ם תֶּֽבֶן׃", "text": "And *wayyēṣəʾû* *nōḡəśê* the *hāʿām* and his *wəšōṭərāyw* and *wayyōʾmərû* to the *hāʿām* *lēʾmōr*: Thus *kōh* *ʾāmar* *Parʿōh*, not *ʾênennî* *nōṯēn* to you *lāḵem* *teḇen*.", "grammar": { "*wayyēṣəʾû*": "qal imperfect with waw consecutive, 3rd masculine plural - and they went out", "*nōḡəśê*": "qal participle masculine plural construct - taskmasters of", "*hā*": "definite article - the", "*ʿām*": "noun, masculine singular - people", "*wə*": "conjunction - and", "*šōṭərāyw*": "noun, masculine plural with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his officers", "*wayyōʾmərû*": "qal imperfect with waw consecutive, 3rd masculine plural - and they said", "*ʾel*": "preposition - to", "*hā*": "definite article - the", "*ʿām*": "noun, masculine singular - people", "*lēʾmōr*": "qal infinitive construct - saying", "*kōh*": "adverb - thus, so", "*ʾāmar*": "qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - he has said", "*Parʿōh*": "proper noun, masculine singular - Pharaoh", "*ʾênennî*": "particle of negation with 1st singular suffix - I am not", "*nōṯēn*": "qal participle, masculine singular - giving", "*lāḵem*": "preposition with 2nd masculine plural suffix - to you", "*teḇen*": "noun, masculine singular - straw" }, "variants": { "*wayyēṣəʾû*": "and they went out, came forth, departed", "*nōḡəśê*": "taskmasters of, oppressors of, overseers of", "*ʿām*": "people, nation, folk", "*šōṭərāyw*": "his officers, foremen, scribes", "*wayyōʾmərû*": "and they said, declared, announced", "*lēʾmōr*": "saying, declaring", "*kōh*": "thus, so, in this manner", "*ʾāmar*": "he has said, spoken, declared", "*ʾênennî*": "I am not, I will not", "*nōṯēn*": "giving, providing, supplying", "*teḇen*": "straw, stubble, chaff" } } 11 { "verseID": "Exodus.5.11", "source": "אַתֶּ֗ם לְכ֨וּ קְח֤וּ לָכֶם֙ תֶּ֔בֶן מֵאֲשֶׁ֖ר תִּמְצָ֑אוּ כִּ֣י אֵ֥ין נִגְרָ֛ע מֵעֲבֹדַתְכֶ֖ם דָּבָֽר׃", "text": "You *ʾattem* *ləḵû* *qəḥû* for yourselves *lāḵem* *teḇen* from where *mēʾăšer* *timṣāʾû*; for *kî* not *ʾên* *niḡrāʿ* from your *mēʿăḇōḏaṯḵem* a *dāḇār*.", "grammar": { "*ʾattem*": "pronoun, 2nd masculine plural - you", "*ləḵû*": "qal imperative, masculine plural - go!", "*qəḥû*": "qal imperative, masculine plural - take!", "*lāḵem*": "preposition with 2nd masculine plural suffix - for yourselves", "*teḇen*": "noun, masculine singular - straw", "*mē*": "preposition - from", "*ʾăšer*": "relative particle - where, which", "*timṣāʾû*": "qal imperfect, 2nd masculine plural - you will find", "*kî*": "conjunction - for, because", "*ʾên*": "particle of negation - not", "*niḡrāʿ*": "niphal participle, masculine singular - diminished", "*mē*": "preposition - from", "*ʿăḇōḏaṯḵem*": "noun, feminine singular construct with 2nd masculine plural suffix - your work", "*dāḇār*": "noun, masculine singular - word, thing, matter" }, "variants": { "*ʾattem*": "you (plural)", "*ləḵû*": "go!, depart!, proceed!", "*qəḥû*": "take!, get!, fetch!", "*teḇen*": "straw, stubble, chaff", "*timṣāʾû*": "you will find, you may find, you can find", "*niḡrāʿ*": "diminished, reduced, lessened", "*ʿăḇōḏaṯḵem*": "your work, labor, service", "*dāḇār*": "word, thing, matter, anything" } } 12 { "verseID": "Exodus.5.12", "source": "וַיָּ֥פֶץ הָעָ֖ם בְּכָל־אֶ֣רֶץ מִצְרָ֑יִם לְקֹשֵׁ֥שׁ קַ֖שׁ לַתֶּֽבֶן׃", "text": "And *wayyāp̄eṣ* the *hāʿām* in all *bəḵāl*-*ʾereṣ* *Miṣrāyim* *ləqōšēš* *qaš* for the *latteḇen*.", "grammar": { "*wayyāp̄eṣ*": "qal imperfect with waw consecutive, 3rd masculine singular - and scattered", "*hā*": "definite article - the", "*ʿām*": "noun, masculine singular - people", "*bə*": "preposition - in", "*ḵāl*": "noun, masculine singular construct - all of", "*ʾereṣ*": "noun, feminine singular construct - land of", "*Miṣrāyim*": "proper noun - Egypt", "*lə*": "preposition - to, for", "*qōšēš*": "poel infinitive construct - gather", "*qaš*": "noun, masculine singular - stubble", "*la*": "preposition with definite article - for the", "*teḇen*": "noun, masculine singular - straw" }, "variants": { "*wayyāp̄eṣ*": "and scattered, dispersed, spread out", "*ʿām*": "people, nation, folk", "*ʾereṣ*": "land, earth, territory", "*qōšēš*": "to gather, collect, glean", "*qaš*": "stubble, straw, chaff", "*teḇen*": "straw, stubble, chaff" } } 13 { "verseID": "Exodus.5.13", "source": "וְהַנֹּגְשִׂ֖ים אָצִ֣ים לֵאמֹ֑ר כַּלּ֤וּ מַעֲשֵׂיכֶם֙ דְּבַר־י֣וֹם בְּיוֹמ֔וֹ כַּאֲשֶׁ֖ר בִּהְי֥וֹת הַתֶּֽבֶן׃", "text": "And the *wəhannōḡəśîm* *ʾāṣîm* *lēʾmōr*: *kallû* your *maʿăśêḵem* *dəḇar*-*yôm* in its *bəyômô*, as *kaʾăšer* when there was the *bihyôṯ* *hatteḇen*.", "grammar": { "*wə*": "conjunction - and", "*ha*": "definite article - the", "*nōḡəśîm*": "qal participle, masculine plural - taskmasters", "*ʾāṣîm*": "qal participle, masculine plural - pressing, urging", "*lēʾmōr*": "qal infinitive construct - saying", "*kallû*": "piel imperative, masculine plural - complete!", "*maʿăśêḵem*": "noun, masculine plural construct with 2nd masculine plural suffix - your works", "*dəḇar*": "noun, masculine singular construct - matter of", "*yôm*": "noun, masculine singular - day", "*bə*": "preposition - in", "*yômô*": "noun, masculine singular with 3rd masculine singular suffix - its day", "*ka*": "preposition - as, like", "*ʾăšer*": "relative particle - when", "*bi*": "preposition - in, when", "*hyôṯ*": "qal infinitive construct - being", "*ha*": "definite article - the", "*teḇen*": "noun, masculine singular - straw" }, "variants": { "*nōḡəśîm*": "taskmasters, oppressors, overseers", "*ʾāṣîm*": "pressing, urging, hurrying", "*lēʾmōr*": "saying, declaring", "*kallû*": "complete!, fulfill!, finish!", "*maʿăśêḵem*": "your works, tasks, labors", "*dəḇar*": "matter, thing, quota", "*yôm*": "day, time, period", "*yômô*": "its day, its appointed time", "*hyôṯ*": "being, existing, presence", "*teḇen*": "straw, stubble, chaff" } } 14 { "verseID": "Exodus.5.14", "source": "וַיֻּכּ֗וּ שֹֽׁטְרֵי֙ בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל אֲשֶׁר־שָׂ֣מוּ עֲלֵהֶ֔ם נֹגְשֵׂ֥י פַרְעֹ֖ה לֵאמֹ֑ר מַדּ֡וּעַ לֹא֩ כִלִּיתֶ֨ם חָקְכֶ֤ם לִלְבֹּן֙ כִּתְמ֣וֹל שִׁלְשֹׁ֔ם גַּם־תְּמ֖וֹל גַּם־הַיּֽוֹם׃", "text": "And *wayyukkû* *šōṭərê* *bənê* *Yiśrāʾēl*, *ʾăšer*-*śāmû* upon them *ʿălēhem* *nōḡəśê* *p̄arʿōh* *lēʾmōr*: *maddûaʿ* not *lōʾ* *killîṯem* your *ḥāqəḵem* *lilbōn* as *kitmôl* *šilšōm*, both *gam*-yesterday *təmôl* *gam*-today *hayyôm*?", "grammar": { "*wayyukkû*": "hophal imperfect with waw consecutive, 3rd masculine plural - and they were beaten", "*šōṭərê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - officers of", "*bənê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - sons of, children of", "*Yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel", "*ʾăšer*": "relative particle - who, which", "*śāmû*": "qal perfect, 3rd common plural - they had placed", "*ʿălēhem*": "preposition with 3rd masculine plural suffix - upon them", "*nōḡəśê*": "qal participle, masculine plural construct - taskmasters of", "*p̄arʿōh*": "proper noun, masculine singular - Pharaoh", "*lēʾmōr*": "qal infinitive construct - saying", "*maddûaʿ*": "interrogative adverb - why?", "*lōʾ*": "negative particle - not", "*killîṯem*": "piel perfect, 2nd masculine plural - you have completed", "*ḥāqəḵem*": "noun, masculine singular with 2nd masculine plural suffix - your quota", "*lilbōn*": "qal infinitive construct with preposition - to make bricks", "*ki*": "preposition - as", "*təmôl*": "adverb - yesterday", "*šilšōm*": "adverb - day before yesterday", "*gam*": "adverb - also, even", "*təmôl*": "adverb - yesterday", "*gam*": "adverb - also, even", "*ha*": "definite article - the", "*yôm*": "noun, masculine singular - day" }, "variants": { "*wayyukkû*": "and they were beaten, struck, flogged", "*šōṭərê*": "officers of, foremen of", "*bənê*": "sons of, children of, descendants of", "*śāmû*": "they had placed, appointed, set", "*nōḡəśê*": "taskmasters of, oppressors of", "*lēʾmōr*": "saying, stating", "*maddûaʿ*": "why?, for what reason?", "*killîṯem*": "you have completed, fulfilled, finished", "*ḥāqəḵem*": "your quota, portion, assignment", "*lilbōn*": "to make bricks, to form bricks", "*təmôl*": "yesterday, before", "*šilšōm*": "day before yesterday, previously", "*yôm*": "day, today" } } 15 { "verseID": "Exodus.5.15", "source": "וַיָּבֹ֗אוּ שֹֽׁטְרֵי֙ בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל וַיִּצְעֲק֥וּ אֶל־פַּרְעֹ֖ה לֵאמֹ֑ר לָ֧מָּה תַעֲשֶׂ֦ה כֹ֖ה לַעֲבָדֶֽיךָ׃", "text": "And *wayyāḇōʾû* *šōṭərê* *bənê* *Yiśrāʾēl* and *wayyiṣʿăqû* to *ʾel*-*p̄arʿōh* *lēʾmōr*: *lāmmâ* *ṯaʿăśeh* thus *ḵōh* to your *laʿăḇāḏêḵā*?", "grammar": { "*wayyāḇōʾû*": "qal imperfect with waw consecutive, 3rd masculine plural - and they came", "*šōṭərê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - officers of", "*bənê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - sons of, children of", "*Yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel", "*wayyiṣʿăqû*": "qal imperfect with waw consecutive, 3rd masculine plural - and they cried out", "*ʾel*": "preposition - to", "*p̄arʿōh*": "proper noun, masculine singular - Pharaoh", "*lēʾmōr*": "qal infinitive construct - saying", "*lāmmâ*": "interrogative adverb - why?", "*ṯaʿăśeh*": "qal imperfect, 2nd masculine singular - you do", "*ḵōh*": "adverb - thus, so", "*la*": "preposition - to", "*ʿăḇāḏêḵā*": "noun, masculine plural with 2nd masculine singular suffix - your servants" }, "variants": { "*wayyāḇōʾû*": "and they came, entered, approached", "*šōṭərê*": "officers of, foremen of", "*bənê*": "sons of, children of, descendants of", "*wayyiṣʿăqû*": "and they cried out, called out, complained", "*lēʾmōr*": "saying, declaring", "*lāmmâ*": "why?, for what reason?", "*ṯaʿăśeh*": "you do, act, deal", "*ḵōh*": "thus, so, this way", "*ʿăḇāḏêḵā*": "your servants, slaves, workers" } } 16 { "verseID": "Exodus.5.16", "source": "תֶּ֗בֶן אֵ֤ין נִתָּן֙ לַעֲבָדֶ֔יךָ וּלְבֵנִ֛ים אֹמְרִ֥ים לָ֖נוּ עֲשׂ֑וּ וְהִנֵּ֧ה עֲבָדֶ֛יךָ מֻכִּ֖ים וְחָטָ֥את עַמֶּֽךָ׃", "text": "*Teḇen* not *ʾên* *nittān* to your *laʿăḇāḏêḵā*, and bricks *ûləḇēnîm* *ʾōmərîm* to us *lānû* *ʿăśû*; and behold *wəhinnēh* your *ʿăḇāḏêḵā* *mukkîm* and sin *wəḥāṭāʾṯ* your *ʿammêḵā*.", "grammar": { "*teḇen*": "noun, masculine singular - straw", "*ʾên*": "particle of negation - not", "*nittān*": "niphal participle, masculine singular - being given", "*la*": "preposition - to", "*ʿăḇāḏêḵā*": "noun, masculine plural with 2nd masculine singular suffix - your servants", "*û*": "conjunction - and", "*ləḇēnîm*": "noun, feminine plural - bricks", "*ʾōmərîm*": "qal participle, masculine plural - saying", "*lānû*": "preposition with 1st plural suffix - to us", "*ʿăśû*": "qal imperative, masculine plural - make!", "*wə*": "conjunction - and", "*hinnēh*": "demonstrative particle - behold", "*ʿăḇāḏêḵā*": "noun, masculine plural with 2nd masculine singular suffix - your servants", "*mukkîm*": "hophal participle, masculine plural - being beaten", "*wə*": "conjunction - and", "*ḥāṭāʾṯ*": "qal perfect, 3rd feminine singular - has sinned", "*ʿammêḵā*": "noun, masculine singular with 2nd masculine singular suffix - your people" }, "variants": { "*teḇen*": "straw, stubble, chaff", "*nittān*": "being given, provided, supplied", "*ʿăḇāḏêḵā*": "your servants, slaves, workers", "*ləḇēnîm*": "bricks, clay blocks", "*ʾōmərîm*": "saying, telling, commanding", "*ʿăśû*": "make!, produce!, form!", "*hinnēh*": "behold, look, see", "*mukkîm*": "being beaten, struck, flogged", "*ḥāṭāʾṯ*": "has sinned, is at fault, has done wrong", "*ʿammêḵā*": "your people, nation, subjects" } } 17 { "verseID": "Exodus.5.17", "source": "וַיֹּ֛אמֶר נִרְפִּ֥ים אַתֶּ֖ם נִרְפִּ֑ים עַל־כֵּן֙ אַתֶּ֣ם אֹֽמְרִ֔ים נֵלְכָ֖ה נִזְבְּחָ֥ה לַֽיהוָֽה׃", "text": "And *wayyōʾmer*: *nirpîm* you are *ʾattem* *nirpîm*; therefore *ʿal*-*kēn* you *ʾattem* *ʾōmərîm*: *nēləḵâ* *nizḇəḥâ* to *laYHWH*.", "grammar": { "*wayyōʾmer*": "qal imperfect with waw consecutive, 3rd masculine singular - and he said", "*nirpîm*": "niphal participle, masculine plural - idle, lazy", "*ʾattem*": "pronoun, 2nd masculine plural - you", "*nirpîm*": "niphal participle, masculine plural - idle, lazy", "*ʿal*": "preposition - upon, because of", "*kēn*": "adverb - so, thus", "*ʾattem*": "pronoun, 2nd masculine plural - you", "*ʾōmərîm*": "qal participle, masculine plural - saying", "*nēləḵâ*": "qal cohortative, 1st plural - let us go", "*nizḇəḥâ*": "qal cohortative, 1st plural - let us sacrifice", "*la*": "preposition - to", "*YHWH*": "proper noun, divine name - Yahweh" }, "variants": { "*wayyōʾmer*": "and he said, replied, answered", "*nirpîm*": "idle, lazy, slack", "*ʾattem*": "you (plural)", "*kēn*": "so, thus, therefore", "*ʾōmərîm*": "saying, declaring, stating", "*nēləḵâ*": "let us go, we wish to go", "*nizḇəḥâ*": "let us sacrifice, let us offer, let us slaughter (ritually)" } } 18 { "verseID": "Exodus.5.18", "source": "וְעַתָּה֙ לְכ֣וּ עִבְד֔וּ וְתֶ֖בֶן לֹא־יִנָּתֵ֣ן לָכֶ֑ם וְתֹ֥כֶן לְבֵנִ֖ים תִּתֵּֽנּוּ׃", "text": "And *ʿattâ* (now) *lĕkû* (go) *ʿibdû* (work), and *teben* (straw) not-*yinnātēn* (will be given) to you, and *tōken* (quota of) *lĕbēnîm* (bricks) *tittēnû* (you shall give).", "grammar": { "*ʿattâ*": "temporal adverb - now", "*lĕkû*": "qal imperative, masculine plural - go!", "*ʿibdû*": "qal imperative, masculine plural - work!/serve!", "*teben*": "masculine singular noun - straw", "*lōʾ*": "negative particle - not", "*yinnātēn*": "niphal imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - it will be given", "*lākem*": "preposition with 2nd person masculine plural suffix - to you", "*tōken*": "masculine singular construct noun - measure/quota of", "*lĕbēnîm*": "feminine plural noun - bricks", "*tittēnû*": "qal imperfect, 2nd person masculine plural - you shall give" }, "variants": { "*ʿattâ*": "now/at this time", "*ʿibdû*": "work/serve/labor", "*teben*": "straw/stubble", "*tōken*": "measure/quota/fixed amount", "*lĕbēnîm*": "bricks/mud-bricks" } } 19 { "verseID": "Exodus.5.19", "source": "וַיִּרְא֞וּ שֹֽׁטְרֵ֧י בְנֵֽי־יִשְׂרָאֵ֛ל אֹתָ֖ם בְּרָ֣ע לֵאמֹ֑ר לֹא־תִגְרְע֥וּ מִלִּבְנֵיכֶ֖ם דְּבַר־י֥וֹם בְּיוֹמֽוֹ׃", "text": "And *wayyirʾû* (saw) *šōṭĕrê* (officers of) *bĕnê*-*yiśrāʾēl* (sons of Israel) *ʾōtām* (themselves) *bĕrāʿ* (in trouble) *lēʾmōr* (saying): Not-*tigrĕʿû* (you shall diminish) from-*llibnêkem* (your bricks) *dĕbar*-*yôm* (matter of day) *bĕyômô* (in its day).", "grammar": { "*wayyirʾû*": "qal imperfect waw consecutive, 3rd person masculine plural - and they saw", "*šōṭĕrê*": "masculine plural construct noun - officers/officials of", "*bĕnê*": "masculine plural construct noun - sons of", "*yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel", "*ʾōtām*": "direct object marker with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - them/themselves", "*bĕrāʿ*": "preposition with masculine singular noun - in evil/trouble", "*lēʾmōr*": "qal infinitive construct with prefixed preposition - saying", "*lōʾ*": "negative particle - not", "*tigrĕʿû*": "qal imperfect, 2nd person masculine plural - you shall diminish/reduce", "*millistnêkem*": "preposition (from) + noun with 2nd person masculine plural suffix - from your bricks", "*dĕbar*": "masculine singular construct - word/matter of", "*yôm*": "masculine singular - day", "*bĕyômô*": "preposition + noun with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - in its day" }, "variants": { "*šōṭĕrê*": "officers/foremen/officials", "*bĕrāʿ*": "in evil/in trouble/in a bad situation", "*tigrĕʿû*": "diminish/reduce/lessen", "*dĕbar-yôm bĕyômô*": "daily quota/each day's matter in its day" } } 20 { "verseID": "Exodus.5.20", "source": "וַֽיִּפְגְּעוּ֙ אֶת־מֹשֶׁ֣ה וְאֶֽת־אַהֲרֹ֔ן נִצָּבִ֖ים לִקְרָאתָ֑ם בְּצֵאתָ֖ם מֵאֵ֥ת פַּרְעֹֽה׃", "text": "And *wayyifgĕʿû* (they met) *ʾet*-*mōšeh* (Moses) and *ʾet*-*ʾahărōn* (Aaron) *niṣṣābîm* (standing) *liqrāʾtām* (to meet them) *bĕṣēʾtām* (in their going out) from *mēʾēt* *parʿōh* (Pharaoh).", "grammar": { "*wayyifgĕʿû*": "qal imperfect waw consecutive, 3rd person masculine plural - and they met/encountered", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*mōšeh*": "proper noun - Moses", "*ʾahărōn*": "proper noun - Aaron", "*niṣṣābîm*": "niphal participle, masculine plural - standing/positioned", "*liqrāʾtām*": "preposition + qal infinitive construct with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - to meet them", "*bĕṣēʾtām*": "preposition + qal infinitive construct with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - in their going out", "*mēʾēt*": "compound preposition - from with", "*parʿōh*": "proper noun - Pharaoh" }, "variants": { "*wayyifgĕʿû*": "they met/they encountered/they came upon", "*niṣṣābîm*": "standing/positioned/waiting", "*liqrāʾtām*": "to meet them/to confront them", "*bĕṣēʾtām*": "as they went out/when they were leaving" } } 21 { "verseID": "Exodus.5.21", "source": "וַיֹּאמְר֣וּ אֲלֵהֶ֔ם יֵ֧רֶא יְהוָ֛ה עֲלֵיכֶ֖ם וְיִשְׁפֹּ֑ט אֲשֶׁ֧ר הִבְאַשְׁתֶּ֣ם אֶת־רֵיחֵ֗נוּ בְּעֵינֵ֤י פַרְעֹה֙ וּבְעֵינֵ֣י עֲבָדָ֔יו לָֽתֶת־חֶ֥רֶב בְּיָדָ֖ם לְהָרְגֵֽנוּ׃", "text": "And *wayyōʾmĕrû* (they said) to them, *yēreʾ* (may see) *YHWH* (the LORD) upon you and *wĕyišpōṭ* (judge), *ʾăšer* (who) *hibʾaštem* (you have made odious) *ʾet*-*rêḥēnû* (our scent) in *bĕʿênê* (eyes of) *parʿōh* (Pharaoh) and in *bĕʿênê* (eyes of) *ʿăbādāyw* (his servants), to *lātet* (put) *ḥereb* (sword) in their *bĕyādām* (hand) to *lĕhārgēnû* (kill us).", "grammar": { "*wayyōʾmĕrû*": "qal imperfect waw consecutive, 3rd person masculine plural - and they said", "*yēreʾ*": "qal imperfect jussive, 3rd person masculine singular - may he see/look", "*YHWH*": "proper divine name - the LORD", "*ʿălêkem*": "preposition with 2nd person masculine plural suffix - upon you", "*wĕyišpōṭ*": "qal imperfect jussive with waw conjunction, 3rd person masculine singular - and may he judge", "*ʾăšer*": "relative pronoun - who/which/that", "*hibʾaštem*": "hiphil perfect, 2nd person masculine plural - you have made stink/made odious", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*rêḥēnû*": "masculine singular noun with 1st person plural suffix - our scent/odor", "*bĕʿênê*": "preposition + dual construct noun - in the eyes of", "*parʿōh*": "proper noun - Pharaoh", "*ʿăbādāyw*": "masculine plural noun with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his servants", "*lātet*": "qal infinitive construct with prefixed preposition - to give/put", "*ḥereb*": "feminine singular noun - sword", "*bĕyādām*": "preposition + feminine singular noun with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - in their hand", "*lĕhārgēnû*": "qal infinitive construct with prefixed preposition and 1st person plural suffix - to kill us" }, "variants": { "*yēreʾ YHWH ʿălêkem wĕyišpōṭ*": "may YHWH see/look upon you and judge/may YHWH take notice of you and render judgment", "*hibʾaštem*": "made stink/made odious/caused to be abhorred", "*rêḥēnû*": "our scent/our reputation/our standing", "*bĕʿênê*": "in the eyes of/in the sight of/in the opinion of", "*lātet-ḥereb bĕyādām*": "to put a sword in their hand/to give them a weapon" } }
• Gen 15:13 : 13 { "verseID": "Genesis.15.13", "source": "וַיֹּ֣אמֶר לְאַבְרָ֗ם יָדֹ֨עַ תֵּדַ֜ע כִּי־גֵ֣ר ׀ יִהְיֶ֣ה זַרְעֲךָ֗ בְּאֶ֙רֶץ֙ לֹ֣א לָהֶ֔ם וַעֲבָד֖וּם וְעִנּ֣וּ אֹתָ֑ם אַרְבַּ֥ע מֵא֖וֹת שָׁנָֽה׃", "text": "And-*yōʾmer* to-*ʾAḇrām* *yāḏōaʿ* *tēḏaʿ* that-*gēr* *yihyeh* *zarʿăḵā* in-*ʾereṣ* not to-them and-*ʿăḇāḏûm* and-*ʿinnû* them four *mēʾôṯ* *šānāh*.", "grammar": { "*yōʾmer*": "Qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular with waw consecutive - and he said", "*ʾAḇrām*": "proper name", "*yāḏōaʿ*": "Qal infinitive absolute - to know", "*tēḏaʿ*": "Qal imperfect 2nd masculine singular - you will know", "*gēr*": "masculine singular noun - sojourner/alien", "*yihyeh*": "Qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - will be", "*zarʿăḵā*": "masculine singular noun with 2nd masculine singular suffix - your seed/offspring", "*ʾereṣ*": "feminine singular noun - land", "*ʿăḇāḏûm*": "Qal perfect 3rd common plural with waw consecutive and 3rd masculine plural suffix - and they will serve them", "*ʿinnû*": "Piel perfect 3rd common plural with waw consecutive - and they will afflict/oppress", "*mēʾôṯ*": "feminine plural construct noun - hundreds of", "*šānāh*": "feminine singular noun - year" }, "variants": { "*yāḏōaʿ* *tēḏaʿ*": "surely know/certainly know (emphatic construction)", "*gēr*": "sojourner/alien/foreigner/stranger", "*zarʿăḵā*": "your seed/your offspring/your descendants", "*ʾereṣ*": "land/earth/territory/country", "*ʿăḇāḏûm*": "serve them/be slaves to them/work for them", "*ʿinnû*": "afflict/oppress/humble/mistreat" } }
• Exod 1:13 : 13 { "verseID": "Exodus.1.13", "source": "וַיַּעֲבִ֧דוּ מִצְרַ֛יִם אֶת־בְּנֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל בְּפָֽרֶךְ׃", "text": "And *way-yaʿăḇidû* *miṣrayim* *ʾet*-*bənê* *yiśrāʾēl* with *pāreḵ*", "grammar": { "וַיַּעֲבִ֧דוּ": "conjunction *wə-* + verb, Hiphil imperfect, 3rd masculine plural, vav-consecutive - 'and they made work'", "*miṣrayim*": "proper noun - 'Egypt/Egyptians'", "אֶת־בְּנֵ֥י": "direct object marker + noun, masculine plural construct - 'sons of'", "*yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - 'Israel'", "בְּפָֽרֶךְ": "preposition + noun, masculine singular - 'with rigor'" }, "variants": { "*way-yaʿăḇidû*": "they made to serve, enslaved, forced to work", "*pāreḵ*": "rigor, harshness, severity, cruelty" } }
• Deut 4:20 : 20 { "verseID": "Deuteronomy.4.20", "source": "וְאֶתְכֶם֙ לָקַ֣ח יְהוָ֔ה וַיּוֹצִ֥א אֶתְכֶ֛ם מִכּ֥וּר הַבַּרְזֶ֖ל מִמִּצְרָ֑יִם לִהְי֥וֹת ל֛וֹ לְעַ֥ם נַחֲלָ֖ה כַּיּ֥וֹם הַזֶּֽה׃", "text": "*wə-ʾetkem lāqaḥ YHWH wa-yyôṣîʾ ʾetkem mi-kkûr ha-barzel mi-mmiṣrāyim li-hyôt lô lə-ʿam naḥălāh ka-yyôm ha-zzeh*.", "grammar": { "*wə-ʾetkem*": "conjunction + direct object marker with 2nd masculine plural suffix - and you", "*lāqaḥ*": "Qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - took", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - LORD/Yahweh", "*wa-yyôṣîʾ*": "conjunction + Hiphil imperfect with waw consecutive, 3rd masculine singular - and brought out", "*ʾetkem*": "direct object marker with 2nd masculine plural suffix - you", "*mi-kkûr*": "preposition + masculine singular construct noun - from furnace of", "*ha-barzel*": "definite article + masculine singular noun - the iron", "*mi-mmiṣrāyim*": "preposition + proper noun - from Egypt", "*li-hyôt*": "preposition + Qal infinitive construct - to be", "*lô*": "preposition with 3rd masculine singular suffix - to him", "*lə-ʿam*": "preposition + masculine singular noun - for a people of", "*naḥălāh*": "feminine singular noun - inheritance", "*ka-yyôm*": "preposition + definite article + masculine singular noun - as the day", "*ha-zzeh*": "definite article + demonstrative adjective - the this/present" }, "variants": { "*lāqaḥ*": "took/received/selected", "*yôṣîʾ*": "brought out/led out/delivered", "*kûr*": "furnace/crucible/melting pot", "*barzel*": "iron/iron ore", "*miṣrāyim*": "Egypt/land of Egypt", "*hyôt*": "to be/to become/to exist", "*ʿam*": "people/nation/community", "*naḥălāh*": "inheritance/heritage/possession", "*yôm*": "day/time/period", "*zeh*": "this/present" } }
• Deut 26:6 : 6 { "verseID": "Deuteronomy.26.6", "source": "וַיָּרֵ֧עוּ אֹתָ֛נוּ הַמִּצְרִ֖ים וַיְעַנּ֑וּנוּ וַיִּתְּנ֥וּ עָלֵ֖ינוּ עֲבֹדָ֥ה קָשָֽׁה׃", "text": "And *rāʿaʿ* us *ha-miṣrîm* and *ʿānâ* us and *nātan* on us *ʿăbōdâ* *qāšâ*", "grammar": { "*rāʿaʿ*": "verb, imperfect (hiphil), 3rd plural masculine with *wa-* prefix - and they mistreated/did evil to", "*ha-miṣrîm*": "noun, masculine plural with definite article - the Egyptians", "*ʿānâ*": "verb, imperfect (piel), 3rd plural masculine with *wa-* prefix - and they afflicted/oppressed", "*nātan*": "verb, imperfect, 3rd plural masculine with *wa-* prefix - and they put/placed", "*ʿăbōdâ*": "noun, feminine singular - labor/service/bondage", "*qāšâ*": "adjective, feminine singular - hard/severe/cruel" }, "variants": { "*rāʿaʿ*": "do evil to/mistreat/afflict/harm", "*miṣrîm*": "Egyptians/Egyptites", "*ʿānâ*": "afflict/oppress/humble/mistreat", "*nātan*": "give/put/place/set", "*ʿăbōdâ*": "labor/service/work/slavery", "*qāšâ*": "hard/severe/difficult/cruel" } }
• Ruth 1:20 : 20 { "verseID": "Ruth.1.20", "source": "וַתֹּ֣אמֶר אֲלֵיהֶ֔ן אַל־תִּקְרֶ֥אנָה לִ֖י נָעֳמִ֑י קְרֶ֤אןָ לִי֙ מָרָ֔א כִּי־הֵמַ֥ר שַׁדַּ֛י לִ֖י מְאֹֽד", "text": "And *wattōʾmer* to them, Do not *tiqreʾnāh* to me *nāʿŏmî*; *qəreʾnā* to me *mārāʾ*, for *hēmar* *šadday* to me very", "grammar": { "*wattōʾmer*": "waw-consecutive + 3rd feminine singular qal imperfect of אמר (to say) - and she said", "*tiqreʾnāh*": "2nd feminine plural qal imperfect of קרא (to call) - call", "*nāʿŏmî*": "proper noun - Naomi (pleasant)", "*qəreʾnā*": "2nd feminine plural qal imperative of קרא (to call) - call", "*mārāʾ*": "feminine singular adjective - bitter", "*hēmar*": "3rd masculine singular hiphil perfect of מרר (to be bitter) - has made bitter", "*šadday*": "divine name - Almighty" }, "variants": { "*nāʿŏmî*": "pleasant/sweet/delightful", "*mārāʾ*": "bitter/bitterness", "*šadday*": "Almighty/the Almighty One" } }
• Ps 68:13 : 13 { "verseID": "Psalms.68.13", "source": "מַלְכֵ֣י צְ֭בָאוֹת יִדֹּד֣וּן יִדֹּד֑וּן וּנְוַת־בַּ֝֗יִת תְּחַלֵּ֥ק שָׁלָֽל׃", "text": "*malkê* *ṣəbāʾôt* *yiddōdûn* *yiddōdûn* *û-nəwat*-*bayit* *təḥallēq* *šālāl*", "grammar": { "*malkê*": "masculine plural construct noun - 'kings of'", "*ṣəbāʾôt*": "masculine plural noun - 'armies/hosts'", "*yiddōdûn*": "Qal imperfect 3rd masculine plural - 'they flee'", "*yiddōdûn*": "repeated for emphasis - 'they flee, they flee'", "*û-nəwat*": "conjunction וְ (and) + feminine singular construct noun - 'and the beauty of'", "*bayit*": "masculine singular noun - 'house'", "*təḥallēq*": "Piel imperfect 3rd feminine singular - 'she divides'", "*šālāl*": "masculine singular noun - 'spoil/plunder'" }, "variants": { "*yiddōdûn*": "they flee/they wander/they hasten away", "*nəwat*": "beauty/dwelling/abider of", "*təḥallēq*": "she divides/she distributes/she apportions", "*šālāl*": "spoil/plunder/booty" } }