Verse 10

{ "verseID": "Haggai.1.10", "source": "עַל־כֵּ֣ן עֲלֵיכֶ֔ם כָּלְא֥וּ שָ‪[c]‬מַ֖יִם מִטָּ֑ל וְהָאָ֖רֶץ כָּלְאָ֥ה יְבוּלָֽהּ", "text": "Therefore *ʿălêḵem* *kālʾû* *šāmayim* from *miṭṭāl*, and the *ʾāreṣ* *kālʾāh* its *yəḇûlāh*", "grammar": { "*ʿal*-*kēn*": "conjunction - therefore", "*ʿălêḵem*": "preposition with 2nd person masculine plural suffix - over you", "*kālʾû*": "verb, qal perfect, 3rd person common plural - they withheld", "*šāmayim*": "noun, masculine dual - heavens", "*miṭṭāl*": "preposition with noun, masculine singular - from dew", "*wəhāʾāreṣ*": "conjunction with noun, feminine singular with definite article - and the earth", "*kālʾāh*": "verb, qal perfect, 3rd person feminine singular - she withheld", "*yəḇûlāh*": "noun, masculine singular construct with 3rd person feminine singular suffix - her produce" }, "variants": { "*kālʾû*": "they withheld/they restrained/they kept back", "*šāmayim*": "heavens/sky", "*miṭṭāl*": "from dew/from moisture", "*yəḇûlāh*": "her produce/her yield/her fruit" } }

Other Translations

• GT, oversatt fra Hebraisk

  Derfor holdt himmelen tilbake dugg over dere, og jorden holdt tilbake sin grøde.

• Moderne oversettelse av Bibelen fra 1611 KJV med hebraisk kontekst

  Derfor holdes himmelen over dere tilbake fra dugg, og jorden holder tilbake sin grøde.

• Norsk King James

  Derfor er himmelen over dere stengt for dugg, og jorden gir ikke av sin frukt.

• Modernisert Norsk Bibel 1866

  Derfor holder himmelen tilbake duggen over dere, og jorden holder tilbake sin grøde.

• Oversettelse av hebraiske Bibeltekster til moderne norsk bokmål

  Derfor har himmelen over dere holdt tilbake dugg, og jorden har holdt tilbake sin grøde.

• Bibelen: En Moderne Oversettelse av King James Version 1611

  Derfor er himmelen over dere holdt tilbake fra dugg, og jorden er holdt tilbake fra sin grøde.

• o3-mini KJV Norsk

  Derfor blir duggen holdt tilbake over dere, og jorden gir ikke sin frukt.

• En Moderne Oversettelse av King James Version 1611 (mar 2025)

  Derfor er himmelen over dere holdt tilbake fra dugg, og jorden er holdt tilbake fra sin grøde.

• Lingvistisk bibeloversettelse fra grunntekst

  Derfor holder himmelen dugen tilbake over dere og jorden holder tilbake sin grøde.

• Linguistic Bible Translation from Source Texts

  Therefore, because of you, the heavens have withheld their dew and the earth its crops.

• GT, oversatt fra hebraisk Aug2024

  Derfor holder himmelen over dere duggen tilbake, og jorden har holdt tilbake sin grøde.

• Original Norsk Bibel 1866

  Derfor lukke Himlene sig til over eder, at (de) ikke (give) Dug, og Jorder haver tillukket for sin Grøde.

• King James Version 1769 (Standard Version)

  Therefore the heaven over you is stayed from dew, and the earth is stayed from her fruit.

• KJV 1769 norsk

  Derfor holder himmelen over dere tilbake dugg, og jorden holder tilbake sin grøde.

• KJV1611 - Moderne engelsk

  Therefore the heavens above you withhold the dew, and the earth withholds its fruit.

• King James Version 1611 (Original)

  Therefore the heaven over you is stayed from dew, and the earth is stayed from her fruit.

• Norsk oversettelse av Webster

  Derfor holder himmelen dugg tilbake for deres skyld, og jorden tilbakeholder sin frukt.

• Norsk oversettelse av Youngs Literal Translation

  Derfor har himmelen over dere holdt tilbake dugg, og jorden har holdt tilbake sin avling.

• Norsk oversettelse av ASV1901

  Derfor holder himmelen dugg tilbake for dere, og jorden holder tilbake sin grøde.

• Norsk oversettelse av BBE

  Av den grunn holder himmelen over dere duggen tilbake, og jorden avstår fra å bære frukt.

• Coverdale Bible (1535)

  Wherfore the heauen is forbydde to geue you eny dew, and the earth is forbydden to geue you encrease.

• Geneva Bible (1560)

  Therefore the heauen ouer you stayed it selfe from dewe, and the earth stayed her fruite.

• Bishops' Bible (1568)

  Therfore vpon you the heauen is stayed from deawe, & the earth is stayed from yeelding her increase.

• Authorized King James Version (1611)

  Therefore the heaven over you is stayed from dew, and the earth is stayed [from] her fruit.

• Webster's Bible (1833)

  Therefore for your sake the heavens withhold the dew, and the earth withholds its fruit.

• Young's Literal Translation (1862/1898)

  Therefore, over you refrained have the heavens from dew, And the land hath refrained its increase.

• American Standard Version (1901)

  Therefore for your sake the heavens withhold the dew, and the earth withholdeth its fruit.

• Bible in Basic English (1941)

  For this cause the heaven over you is kept from giving dew, and the earth from giving her fruit.

• World English Bible (2000)

  Therefore for your sake the heavens withhold the dew, and the earth withholds its fruit.

• NET Bible® (New English Translation)

  This is why the sky has held back its dew and the earth its produce.

Referenced Verses

• Lev 26:19 : 19 { "verseID": "Leviticus.26.19", "source": "וְשָׁבַרְתִּ֖י אֶת־גְּא֣וֹן עֻזְּכֶ֑ם וְנָתַתִּ֤י אֶת־שְׁמֵיכֶם֙ כַּבַּרְזֶ֔ל וְאֶֽת־אַרְצְכֶ֖ם כַּנְּחֻשָֽׁה׃", "text": "And *wə-šāḇartî* *ʾet*-*gəʾôn* *ʿuzzəḵem* and *wə-nāṯattî* *ʾet*-*šəmêḵem* like *ka-barzel* and *wə-ʾet*-*ʾarṣəḵem* like *ka-nəḥušâ*.", "grammar": { "*wə-šāḇartî*": "conjunction + Qal perfect 1st person singular - and I will break", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*gəʾôn*": "construct state, masculine singular - pride of", "*ʿuzzəḵem*": "masculine singular noun with 2nd person masculine plural suffix - your strength", "*wə-nāṯattî*": "conjunction + Qal perfect 1st person singular - and I will make/set", "*šəmêḵem*": "masculine plural noun with 2nd person masculine plural suffix - your heavens", "*ka-barzel*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular - like iron", "*ʾarṣəḵem*": "feminine singular noun with 2nd person masculine plural suffix - your land/earth", "*ka-nəḥušâ*": "preposition + noun, feminine singular - like bronze/copper" }, "variants": { "*šāḇartî*": "break/shatter/destroy", "*gəʾôn*": "pride/majesty/exaltation", "*ʿuzzəḵem*": "strength/might/power", "*nāṯattî*": "give/put/set/make", "*barzel*": "iron", "*nəḥušâ*": "bronze/copper" } }
• Deut 28:23-24 : 23 { "verseID": "Deuteronomy.28.23", "source": "וְהָי֥וּ שָׁמֶ֛יךָ אֲשֶׁ֥ר עַל־רֹאשְׁךָ֖ נְחֹ֑שֶׁת וְהָאָ֥רֶץ אֲשֶׁר־תַּחְתֶּ֖יךָ בַּרְזֶֽל׃", "text": "*wəhāyû* *šāmêkā* *ʾăšer* *ʿal*-*rōʾšəkā* *nəḥōšet* *wəhāʾāreṣ* *ʾăšer*-*taḥtêkā* *barzel*", "grammar": { "*wəhāyû*": "conjunction (wə-) + qal perfect, 3rd person plural - and they will be", "*šāmêkā*": "noun, masculine plural with 2nd person masculine singular suffix - your heavens/skies", "*ʾăšer*": "relative pronoun - which/that", "*ʿal*-*rōʾšəkā*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular with 2nd person masculine singular suffix - over your head", "*nəḥōšet*": "noun, feminine singular - bronze/copper", "*wəhāʾāreṣ*": "conjunction (wə-) + definite article + noun, feminine singular - and the earth/land", "*ʾăšer*-*taḥtêkā*": "relative pronoun + preposition with 2nd person masculine singular suffix - which is beneath you", "*barzel*": "noun, masculine singular - iron" }, "variants": { "*šāmêkā*": "your heavens/skies", "*rōʾšəkā*": "your head", "*nəḥōšet*": "bronze/copper/brass", "*hāʾāreṣ*": "earth/land/ground", "*taḥtêkā*": "beneath/under you", "*barzel*": "iron" } } 24 { "verseID": "Deuteronomy.28.24", "source": "יִתֵּ֧ן יְהוָ֛ה אֶת־מְטַ֥ר אַרְצְךָ֖ אָבָ֣ק וְעָפָ֑ר מִן־הַשָּׁמַ֙יִם֙ יֵרֵ֣ד עָלֶ֔יךָ עַ֖ד הִשָּׁמְדָֽךְ׃", "text": "*yittēn* *YHWH* *ʾet*-*məṭar* *ʾarṣəkā* *ʾābāq* *wəʿāpār* *min*-*haššāmayim* *yērēd* *ʿālêkā* *ʿad* *hiššāmədāk*", "grammar": { "*yittēn*": "qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - he will give/make", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - Yahweh/LORD", "*ʾet*-*məṭar*": "direct object marker + noun, masculine singular construct - the rain of", "*ʾarṣəkā*": "noun, feminine singular with 2nd person masculine singular suffix - your land", "*ʾābāq*": "noun, masculine singular - dust/powder", "*wəʿāpār*": "conjunction (wə-) + noun, masculine singular - and dirt/dust", "*min*-*haššāmayim*": "preposition + definite article + noun, masculine plural - from the heavens", "*yērēd*": "qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - it will come down", "*ʿālêkā*": "preposition with 2nd person masculine singular suffix - upon you", "*ʿad*": "preposition - until", "*hiššāmədāk*": "niphal infinitive construct of שמד with 2nd person masculine singular suffix - your being destroyed" }, "variants": { "*yittēn*": "give/make/transform", "*məṭar*": "rain/rainfall", "*ʾarṣəkā*": "your land/country/territory", "*ʾābāq*": "dust/powder/fine particles", "*ʿāpār*": "dirt/dust/soil/earth", "*haššāmayim*": "the heavens/sky", "*yērēd*": "come down/descend/fall", "*hiššāmədāk*": "your destruction/annihilation" } }
• 1 Kgs 8:35 : 35 { "verseID": "1 Kings.8.35", "source": "בְּהֵעָצֵ֥ר שָׁמַ֛יִם וְלֹא־יִהְיֶ֥ה מָטָ֖ר כִּ֣י יֶחֶטְאוּ־לָ֑ךְ וְהִֽתְפַּֽלְל֞וּ אֶל־הַמָּק֤וֹם הַזֶּה֙ וְהוֹד֣וּ אֶת־שְׁמֶ֔ךָ וּמֵחַטָּאתָ֥ם יְשׁוּב֖וּן כִּ֥י תַעֲנֵֽם׃", "text": "When *bəhēʿāṣēr* *šāmayim* and not-*yihyeh* *māṭār* because *yeḥeṭʾû*-to you, and *wəhitpalǝlû* to *hammāqôm* *hazzeh* and *wəhôdû* *ʾet*-*šəmekā* and from *ûmēḥaṭṭāʾtām* *yəšûbûn* because *taʿănēm*.", "grammar": { "*bəhēʿāṣēr*": "preposition + Niphal infinitive construct - when being shut up/restrained", "*šāmayim*": "noun masculine plural - heavens", "*yihyeh*": "Qal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular - there will be", "*māṭār*": "noun masculine singular - rain", "*yeḥeṭʾû*": "Qal imperfect 3rd person masculine plural - they sin", "*wəhitpalǝlû*": "conjunction + Hitpael perfect 3rd person masculine plural - and they pray", "*hammāqôm*": "definite article + noun masculine singular - the place", "*hazzeh*": "demonstrative adjective - this", "*wəhôdû*": "conjunction + Hiphil perfect 3rd person masculine plural - and they confess/praise", "*šəmekā*": "noun masculine singular construct with 2nd person masculine singular suffix - your name", "*ûmēḥaṭṭāʾtām*": "conjunction + preposition + noun feminine plural construct with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - and from their sins", "*yəšûbûn*": "Qal imperfect 3rd person masculine plural paragogic nun - they will return", "*taʿănēm*": "Hiphil imperfect 2nd person masculine singular with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - you afflict/humble them" }, "variants": { "*ʿāṣar*": "shut up/restrain/hold back", "*māṭār*": "rain/rainfall", "*ʿānâ*": "afflict/humble/oppress/answer" } }
• 1 Kgs 17:1 : 1 { "verseID": "1 Kings.17.1", "source": "וַיֹּאמֶר֩ אֵלִיָּ֨הוּ הַתִּשְׁבִּ֜י מִתֹּשָׁבֵ֣י גִלְעָד֮ אֶל־אַחְאָב֒ חַי־יְהוָ֞ה אֱלֹהֵ֤י יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר עָמַ֣דְתִּי לְפָנָ֔יו אִם־יִהְיֶ֛ה הַשָּׁנִ֥ים הָאֵ֖לֶּה טַ֣ל וּמָטָ֑ר כִּ֖י אִם־לְפִ֥י דְבָרִֽי׃ ס", "text": "And *wayyōʾmer* *ʾēliyyāhû* the *tiššbî* from *tōšāḇê* *gilʿād* to *ʾaḥʾāḇ*, *ḥay-yhwh* *ʾĕlōhê* *yiśrāʾēl* whom *ʿāmaḏtî* before *lǝpānāyw*, if *yihyeh* the *ššānîm* the *hāʾēlleh* *ṭal* and *māṭār* except by *pî* *ḏǝḇārî*.", "grammar": { "*wayyōʾmer*": "waw-consecutive + qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he said", "*ʾēliyyāhû*": "proper noun, masculine singular - Elijah", "*tiššbî*": "noun with definite article, masculine singular - the Tishbite", "*tōšāḇê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - inhabitants of", "*gilʿād*": "proper noun, masculine singular - Gilead", "*ʾaḥʾāḇ*": "proper noun, masculine singular - Ahab", "*ḥay-yhwh*": "adjective construct + divine name - living (is) YHWH", "*ʾĕlōhê*": "noun, masculine singular construct - God of", "*yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun, masculine singular - Israel", "*ʿāmaḏtî*": "qal perfect, 1st singular - I have stood", "*lǝpānāyw*": "preposition + noun + 3rd masculine singular suffix - before him", "*yihyeh*": "qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - there will be", "*ššānîm*": "noun with definite article, feminine plural - the years", "*hāʾēlleh*": "demonstrative adjective with definite article - these", "*ṭal*": "noun, masculine singular - dew", "*māṭār*": "noun, masculine singular - rain", "*pî*": "noun, masculine singular construct - mouth of", "*ḏǝḇārî*": "noun + 1st singular suffix - my word" }, "variants": { "*ʾēliyyāhû*": "Elijah/My God is YHWH", "*tiššbî*": "Tishbite/inhabitant of Tishbe", "*ḥay-yhwh*": "As YHWH lives/by the life of YHWH (oath formula)", "*ʿāmaḏtî*": "I have stood/I serve", "*lǝpānāyw*": "before him/in his presence", "*yihyeh*": "there will be/there shall be", "*ṭal*": "dew/moisture", "*pî*": "mouth/command", "*ḏǝḇārî*": "my word/my command" } }
• Joel 1:18-20 : 18 { "verseID": "Joel.1.18", "source": "מַה־נֶּאֶנְחָ֣ה בְהֵמָ֗ה נָבֹ֙כוּ֙ עֶדְרֵ֣י בָקָ֔ר כִּ֛י אֵ֥ין מִרְעֶ֖ה לָהֶ֑ם גַּם־עֶדְרֵ֥י הַצֹּ֖אן נֶאְשָֽׁמוּ׃", "text": "*Mah*-*nneʾenḥāh* *ḇəhēmāh* *nāḇōḵû* *ʿeḏrê* *ḇāqār* *kî* *ʾên* *mirʿeh* *lāhem* *gam*-*ʿeḏrê* *haṣṣōʾn* *neʾšāmû*", "grammar": { "*Mah*": "interrogative - how", "*nneʾenḥāh*": "Niphal perfect, 3rd person feminine singular - groans", "*ḇəhēmāh*": "noun, feminine singular - cattle, beasts", "*nāḇōḵû*": "Niphal perfect, 3rd person plural - are confused, wander", "*ʿeḏrê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - herds of", "*ḇāqār*": "noun, masculine singular - cattle, oxen", "*kî*": "conjunction - for, because", "*ʾên*": "particle of negation - there is no", "*mirʿeh*": "noun, masculine singular - pasture", "*lāhem*": "preposition + 3rd person masculine plural suffix - for them", "*gam*": "adverb - also", "*ʿeḏrê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - flocks of", "*haṣṣōʾn*": "definite article + noun, feminine singular - the sheep", "*neʾšāmû*": "Niphal perfect, 3rd person plural - they are desolate, suffer punishment" }, "variants": { "*nneʾenḥāh*": "groans/sighs/moans", "*ḇəhēmāh*": "cattle/beasts/animals", "*nāḇōḵû*": "are confused/wander/are perplexed", "*ʿeḏrê*": "herds of/flocks of", "*ḇāqār*": "cattle/oxen/bovine animals", "*mirʿeh*": "pasture/grazing land", "*neʾšāmû*": "they are desolate/they suffer punishment/they bear guilt" } } 19 { "verseID": "Joel.1.19", "source": "אֵלֶ֥יךָ יְהוָ֖ה אֶקְרָ֑א כִּ֣י אֵ֗שׁ אָֽכְלָה֙ נְא֣וֹת מִדְבָּ֔ר וְלֶ֣הָבָ֔ה לִהֲטָ֖ה כָּל־עֲצֵ֥י הַשָּׂדֶֽה׃", "text": "*ʾÊlêḵā* *YHWH* *ʾeqrāʾ* *kî* *ʾēš* *ʾāḵlāh* *nəʾôṯ* *miḏbār* *wə*-*lehāḇāh* *lihăṭāh* *kāl*-*ʿăṣê* *haśśāḏeh*", "grammar": { "*ʾÊlêḵā*": "preposition + 2nd person masculine singular suffix - to you", "*YHWH*": "proper noun, divine name", "*ʾeqrāʾ*": "Qal imperfect, 1st person common singular - I call, I cry out", "*kî*": "conjunction - for, because", "*ʾēš*": "noun, feminine singular - fire", "*ʾāḵlāh*": "Qal perfect, 3rd person feminine singular - has devoured", "*nəʾôṯ*": "noun, feminine plural construct - pastures of", "*miḏbār*": "noun, masculine singular - wilderness, desert", "*wə*": "conjunction - and", "*lehāḇāh*": "noun, feminine singular - flame", "*lihăṭāh*": "Piel perfect, 3rd person feminine singular - has scorched", "*kāl*": "construct state - all of", "*ʿăṣê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - trees of", "*haśśāḏeh*": "definite article + noun, masculine singular - the field" }, "variants": { "*ʾeqrāʾ*": "I call/I cry out/I call upon", "*ʾēš*": "fire/flame", "*ʾāḵlāh*": "has devoured/consumed/eaten", "*nəʾôṯ*": "pastures/dwelling places/habitations", "*miḏbār*": "wilderness/desert/uncultivated land", "*lehāḇāh*": "flame/blaze", "*lihăṭāh*": "has scorched/has set ablaze/has burned", "*ʿăṣê*": "trees of/woods of" } } 20 { "verseID": "Joel.1.20", "source": "גַּם־בַּהֲמ֥וֹת שָׂדֶ֖ה תַּעֲר֣וֹג אֵלֶ֑יךָ כִּ֤י יָֽבְשׁוּ֙ אֲפִ֣יקֵי מָ֔יִם וְאֵ֕שׁ אָכְלָ֖ה נְא֥וֹת הַמִּדְבָּֽר׃", "text": "*Gam*-*bahămôṯ* *śāḏeh* *taʿărôḡ* *ʾēlêḵā* *kî* *yāḇšû* *ʾăp̄îqê* *māyim* *wə*-*ʾēš* *ʾāḵlāh* *nəʾôṯ* *hammiḏbār*", "grammar": { "*Gam*": "adverb - also, even", "*bahămôṯ*": "noun, feminine plural construct - beasts of", "*śāḏeh*": "noun, masculine singular - field", "*taʿărôḡ*": "Qal imperfect, 3rd person feminine singular - pants, longs", "*ʾēlêḵā*": "preposition + 2nd person masculine singular suffix - to you", "*kî*": "conjunction - for, because", "*yāḇšû*": "Qal perfect, 3rd person plural - they are dried up", "*ʾăp̄îqê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - channels of", "*māyim*": "noun, masculine plural - water", "*wə*": "conjunction - and", "*ʾēš*": "noun, feminine singular - fire", "*ʾāḵlāh*": "Qal perfect, 3rd person feminine singular - has devoured", "*nəʾôṯ*": "noun, feminine plural construct - pastures of", "*hammiḏbār*": "definite article + noun, masculine singular - the wilderness" }, "variants": { "*bahămôṯ*": "beasts of/animals of", "*taʿărôḡ*": "pants/longs/yearns", "*yāḇšû*": "they are dried up/they are parched", "*ʾăp̄îqê*": "channels of/streams of/water courses of", "*māyim*": "water/waters", "*ʾēš*": "fire/flame", "*ʾāḵlāh*": "has devoured/consumed/eaten", "*nəʾôṯ*": "pastures/dwelling places/habitations", "*hammiḏbār*": "the wilderness/the desert/the uncultivated land" } }
• Jer 14:1-6 : 1 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.14.1", "source": "אֲשֶׁ֨ר הָיָ֤ה דְבַר־יְהוָה֙ אֶֽל־יִרְמְיָ֔הוּ עַל־דִּבְרֵ֖י הַבַּצָּרֽוֹת׃", "text": "Which *hāyāh* *dəḇar*-*YHWH* unto-*Yirmeyāhû* concerning-*diḇrê* the-*baṣṣārôṯ*", "grammar": { "*hāyāh*": "qal perfect, 3rd singular masculine - was/happened/became", "*dəḇar*": "construct noun, masculine singular - word of", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - divine name", "*Yirmeyāhû*": "proper noun - Jeremiah", "*diḇrê*": "construct noun, masculine plural - words of/matters of", "*baṣṣārôṯ*": "noun, feminine plural with definite article - droughts/restraints" }, "variants": { "*dəḇar*": "word/speech/command/matter", "*diḇrê*": "words/matters/things/accounts", "*baṣṣārôṯ*": "droughts/restraints/withholdings/scarcity" } } 2 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.14.2", "source": "אָבְלָ֣ה יְהוּדָ֔ה וּשְׁעָרֶ֥יהָ אֻמְלְל֖וּ קָדְר֣וּ לָאָ֑רֶץ וְצִוְחַ֥ת יְרוּשָׁלַ֖͏ִם עָלָֽתָה׃", "text": "*ʾāḇlāh* *Yəhûḏāh* *ûšəʿārêhā* *ʾumləlû* *qāḏərû* to-the-*ʾāreṣ* *wəṣiwḥaṯ* *Yərûšālaim* *ʿālāṯāh*", "grammar": { "*ʾāḇlāh*": "qal perfect, 3rd singular feminine - mourns/mourned", "*Yəhûḏāh*": "proper noun - Judah", "*ûšəʿārêhā*": "noun, masculine plural with 3rd person feminine singular suffix - and her gates", "*ʾumləlû*": "pual perfect, 3rd plural - have been made weak/languish", "*qāḏərû*": "qal perfect, 3rd plural - are/become dark/gloomy", "*ʾāreṣ*": "noun, feminine singular with preposition + definite article - to the ground/earth", "*wəṣiwḥaṯ*": "noun, feminine singular construct with conjunction - and cry of", "*ʿālāṯāh*": "qal perfect, 3rd singular feminine - has gone up/ascended" }, "variants": { "*ʾāḇlāh*": "mourns/laments/is in mourning", "*ʾumləlû*": "languish/wither/are made feeble", "*qāḏərû*": "are dark/mourn/are in mourning", "*ʾāreṣ*": "earth/land/ground", "*ṣiwḥaṯ*": "cry/shriek/wail" } } 3 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.14.3", "source": "וְאַדִּ֣רֵיהֶ֔ם שָׁלְח֥וּ *צעוריהם **צְעִירֵיהֶ֖ם לַמָּ֑יִם בָּ֣אוּ עַל־גֵּבִ֞ים לֹא־מָ֣צְאוּ מַ֗יִם שָׁ֤בוּ כְלֵיהֶם֙ רֵיקָ֔ם בֹּ֥שׁוּ וְהָכְלְמ֖וּ וְחָפ֥וּ רֹאשָֽׁם׃", "text": "*wəʾaddîrêhem* *šālḥû* *ṣəʿîrêhem* to-the-*māyim* *bāʾû* upon-*gēḇîm* not-*māṣəʾû* *mayim* *šāḇû* *kəlêhem* *rêqām* *bōšû* *wəhāḵləmû* *wəḥāp̄û* *rōʾšām*", "grammar": { "*wəʾaddîrêhem*": "noun, masculine plural with 3rd person masculine plural suffix with conjunction - and their nobles", "*šālḥû*": "qal perfect, 3rd plural - they sent", "*ṣəʿîrêhem*": "noun, masculine plural with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - their young ones/servants", "*māyim*": "noun, masculine plural with preposition + definite article - for the water", "*bāʾû*": "qal perfect, 3rd plural - they came", "*gēḇîm*": "noun, masculine plural with preposition - to cisterns/pits", "*māṣəʾû*": "qal perfect, 3rd plural with negative particle - they did not find", "*šāḇû*": "qal perfect, 3rd plural - they returned", "*kəlêhem*": "noun, masculine plural with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - their vessels", "*rêqām*": "adverb - empty", "*bōšû*": "qal perfect, 3rd plural - they were ashamed", "*wəhāḵləmû*": "niphal perfect, 3rd plural with conjunction - and they were humiliated", "*wəḥāp̄û*": "qal perfect, 3rd plural with conjunction - and they covered", "*rōʾšām*": "noun, masculine singular with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - their head" }, "variants": { "*ʾaddîrêhem*": "nobles/mighty ones/prominent people", "*ṣəʿîrêhem*": "little ones/young ones/servants/inferiors", "*gēḇîm*": "cisterns/pits/trenches/ditches", "*bōšû*": "are ashamed/are disappointed/are confounded", "*hāḵləmû*": "are humiliated/are put to shame/are disgraced", "*ḥāp̄û*": "covered/veiled/hid" } } 4 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.14.4", "source": "בַּעֲב֤וּר הָאֲדָמָה֙ חַ֔תָּה כִּ֛י לֹא־הָיָ֥ה גֶ֖שֶׁם בָּאָ֑רֶץ בֹּ֥שׁוּ אִכָּרִ֖ים חָפ֥וּ רֹאשָֽׁם׃", "text": "Because the-*ʾăḏāmāh* *ḥattāh* for not-*hāyāh* *gešem* in-the-*ʾāreṣ* *bōšû* *ʾikkārîm* *ḥāp̄û* *rōʾšām*", "grammar": { "*ʾăḏāmāh*": "noun, feminine singular with definite article - the ground/soil", "*ḥattāh*": "qal perfect, 3rd singular feminine - is dismayed/cracked/broken", "*hāyāh*": "qal perfect, 3rd singular masculine with negative particle - was not/there was not", "*gešem*": "noun, masculine singular - rain", "*ʾāreṣ*": "noun, feminine singular with preposition + definite article - in the land", "*bōšû*": "qal perfect, 3rd plural - they are ashamed", "*ʾikkārîm*": "noun, masculine plural - farmers/plowmen", "*ḥāp̄û*": "qal perfect, 3rd plural - they covered", "*rōʾšām*": "noun, masculine singular with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - their head" }, "variants": { "*ʾăḏāmāh*": "ground/soil/land/earth", "*ḥattāh*": "dismayed/broken/cracked/shocked/shattered", "*ʾikkārîm*": "farmers/plowmen/husbandmen/tillers" } } 5 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.14.5", "source": "כִּ֤י גַם־אַיֶּ֙לֶת֙ בַּשָּׂדֶ֔ה יָלְדָ֖ה וְעָז֑וֹב כִּ֥י לֹֽא־הָיָ֖ה דֶּֽשֶׁא׃", "text": "For even-*ʾayyeleṯ* in-the-*śāḏeh* *yālḏāh* *wəʿāzôḇ* because not-*hāyāh* *dešeʾ*", "grammar": { "*ʾayyeleṯ*": "noun, feminine singular - hind/doe/female deer", "*śāḏeh*": "noun, masculine singular with preposition + definite article - in the field", "*yālḏāh*": "qal perfect, 3rd singular feminine - she gave birth", "*wəʿāzôḇ*": "qal infinitive absolute with conjunction - and forsaking/abandoning", "*hāyāh*": "qal perfect, 3rd singular masculine with negative particle - was not/there was not", "*dešeʾ*": "noun, masculine singular - tender grass/vegetation" }, "variants": { "*ʾayyeleṯ*": "hind/doe/female deer", "*yālḏāh*": "gave birth/bore/brought forth", "*wəʿāzôḇ*": "forsaking/abandoning/leaving behind", "*dešeʾ*": "tender grass/vegetation/herbage/new growth" } } 6 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.14.6", "source": "וּפְרָאִים֙ עָמְד֣וּ עַל־שְׁפָיִ֔ם שָׁאֲפ֥וּ ר֖וּחַ כַּתַּנִּ֑ים כָּל֥וּ עֵינֵיהֶ֖ם כִּי־אֵ֥ין עֵֽשֶׂב׃", "text": "*ûp̄ərāʾîm* *ʿāmḏû* upon-*šəp̄āyim* *šāʾăp̄û* *rûaḥ* like-the-*tannîm* *kālû* *ʿênêhem* because-*ʾên* *ʿēśeḇ*", "grammar": { "*ûp̄ərāʾîm*": "noun, masculine plural with conjunction - and wild donkeys", "*ʿāmḏû*": "qal perfect, 3rd plural - they stood", "*šəp̄āyim*": "noun, masculine plural with preposition - upon bare heights/hills", "*šāʾăp̄û*": "qal perfect, 3rd plural - they pant for/gasp", "*rûaḥ*": "noun, feminine singular - wind/breath/air", "*tannîm*": "noun, masculine plural with preposition + definite article - like the jackals/sea monsters", "*kālû*": "qal perfect, 3rd plural - they fail/are exhausted", "*ʿênêhem*": "noun, feminine dual with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - their eyes", "*ʾên*": "particle of negation - there is not", "*ʿēśeḇ*": "noun, masculine singular - herb/vegetation" }, "variants": { "*p̄ərāʾîm*": "wild donkeys/onagers", "*šəp̄āyim*": "bare heights/hills/high places", "*šāʾăp̄û*": "pant for/gasp/gulp/inhale eagerly", "*tannîm*": "jackals/dragons/sea monsters", "*kālû*": "fail/are exhausted/are consumed", "*ʿēśeḇ*": "herb/vegetation/grass/plants" } }
• Hos 2:9 : 9 { "verseID": "Hosea.2.9", "source": "‫וְרִדְּפָ֤ה אֶת־מְאַהֲבֶ֙יהָ֙ וְלֹֽא־תַשִּׂ֣יג אֹתָ֔ם וּבִקְשָׁ֖תַם וְלֹ֣א תִמְצָ֑א וְאָמְרָ֗ה אֵלְכָ֤ה וְאָשׁ֙וּבָה֙ אֶל־אִישִׁ֣י הָֽרִאשׁ֔וֹן כִּ֣י ט֥וֹב לִ֛י אָ֖ז מֵעָֽתָּה׃‬", "text": "And *riddəpāh* *ʾet*-*məʾahăbêhā* and not-*taśśîg* *ʾōtām*, and *biqqəšātam* and not *timṣāʾ*; and *ʾāmrāh*, *ʾēlkāh* and *ʾāšûbāh* to-*ʾîšî* the-*rîʾšôn*, for *ṭôb* to-me *ʾāz* than-*ʿāttāh*.", "grammar": { "*riddəpāh*": "piel perfect, 3rd singular, feminine - she will pursue", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*məʾahăbêhā*": "piel participle, masculine, plural + pronominal suffix, 3rd singular, feminine - her lovers", "*taśśîg*": "hiphil imperfect, 3rd singular, feminine - she will overtake", "*ʾōtām*": "direct object marker + pronominal suffix, 3rd plural, masculine - them", "*biqqəšātam*": "piel perfect, 3rd singular, feminine + object suffix, 3rd plural, masculine - she will seek them", "*timṣāʾ*": "qal imperfect, 3rd singular, feminine - she will find", "*ʾāmrāh*": "qal perfect, 3rd singular, feminine - she will say", "*ʾēlkāh*": "qal cohortative, 1st singular - let me go", "*ʾāšûbāh*": "qal cohortative, 1st singular - let me return", "*ʾîšî*": "noun + pronominal suffix, 1st singular - my husband", "*rîʾšôn*": "adjective, masculine, singular - first", "*ṭôb*": "adjective, masculine, singular - good", "*ʾāz*": "adverb - then", "*ʿāttāh*": "adverb - now" }, "variants": { "*riddəpāh*": "she will pursue/chase after/follow", "*məʾahăbêhā*": "her lovers/those who love her (reference to false gods)", "*taśśîg*": "she will overtake/reach/catch up with", "*biqqəšātam*": "she will seek/search for/look for them", "*timṣāʾ*": "she will find/discover/locate", "*ʾāmrāh*": "she will say/speak/declare", "*ʾēlkāh*": "let me go/I will go", "*ʾāšûbāh*": "let me return/I will return", "*ʾîšî*": "my husband/spouse (reference to YHWH)", "*rîʾšôn*": "first/former/previous", "*ṭôb*": "good/better/pleasant", "*ʾāz*": "then/at that time", "*ʿāttāh*": "now/at present" } }