Verse 2

{ "verseID": "Hosea.12.2", "source": "אֶפְרַ֜יִם רֹעֶ֥ה ר֙וּחַ֙ וְרֹדֵ֣ף קָדִ֔ים כָּל־הַיּ֕וֹם כָּזָ֥ב וָשֹׁ֖ד יַרְבֶּ֑ה וּבְרִית֙ עִם־אַשּׁ֣וּר יִכְרֹ֔תוּ וְשֶׁ֖מֶן לְמִצְרַ֥יִם יוּבָֽל׃", "text": "*ʾeprayim* *rōʿeh* *rûaḥ* *wĕ*-*rōdēp* *qādîm* all-*ha-yôm* *kāzāb* *wā-šōd* *yarbeh* *û-bĕrît* with-*ʾaššûr* *yikrōtû* *wĕ-šemen* to-*miṣrayim* *yûbāl*", "grammar": { "*ʾeprayim*": "proper noun, masculine singular - Ephraim (tribe/kingdom)", "*rōʿeh*": "verb, qal participle masculine singular - shepherding/feeding on", "*rûaḥ*": "noun, feminine singular - wind/spirit/breath", "*wĕ*": "conjunction - and", "*rōdēp*": "verb, qal participle masculine singular - pursuing/chasing", "*qādîm*": "noun, masculine singular - east wind", "*ha-yôm*": "definite article + noun - the day", "*kāzāb*": "noun, masculine singular - lie/falsehood", "*wā-šōd*": "conjunction + noun, masculine singular - and destruction/violence", "*yarbeh*": "verb, hiphil imperfect 3rd masculine singular - multiplies/increases", "*û-bĕrît*": "conjunction + noun, feminine singular - and covenant/treaty", "*ʾaššûr*": "proper noun - Assyria", "*yikrōtû*": "verb, qal imperfect 3rd plural - they cut/make", "*wĕ-šemen*": "conjunction + noun, masculine singular - and oil", "*miṣrayim*": "proper noun - Egypt", "*yûbāl*": "verb, hophal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - is carried/brought" }, "variants": { "*rōʿeh*": "shepherds/feeds on/pursues", "*rûaḥ*": "wind/spirit/breath/emptiness", "*qādîm*": "east wind/scorching wind", "*kāzāb*": "lying/falsehood/deception", "*šōd*": "destruction/violence/devastation", "*yikrōtû*": "they cut/they make/they establish" } }

Other Translations

• GT, oversatt fra Hebraisk

  Efraim jager etter tomme vindkast og forfølger det som er meningsløst hele dagen. Han hoper opp svik og vold; de inngår en avtale med Assyria og sender olje til Egypt.

• Moderne oversettelse av Bibelen fra 1611 KJV med hebraisk kontekst

  HERREN har også en sak mot Juda, og han vil straffe Jakob etter hans gjerninger; etter hans handlinger vil han gjengjelde ham.

• Norsk King James

  Herren har også en sak med Juda, og han vil gjengjelde Jakob etter hans veier; etter hans gjerninger vil han straffe ham.

• Modernisert Norsk Bibel 1866

  Efraim nærer seg med vind og jager etter østvinden; hele dagen øker han på med løgn og ødeleggelse. De inngår avtaler med Assyria, og olje blir sendt til Egypt.

• Oversettelse av hebraiske Bibeltekster til moderne norsk bokmål

  Efraim går etter tomhet og jager østenvind hele dagen. De øker mengden av løgn og vold, og lager en pakt med Assur mens de sender olje til Egypt.

• Bibelen: En Moderne Oversettelse av King James Version 1611

  Herren har også en sak mot Juda, og vil straffe Jakob etter hans veier; etter hans gjerninger vil han gjengjelde ham.

• o3-mini KJV Norsk

  Herren har også et oppgjør med Juda, og han vil straffe Jakob etter hans handlinger; etter alt han har gjort, vil han gi ham sin lønn.

• En Moderne Oversettelse av King James Version 1611 (mar 2025)

  Herren har også en sak mot Juda, og vil straffe Jakob etter hans veier; etter hans gjerninger vil han gjengjelde ham.

• Lingvistisk bibeloversettelse fra grunntekst

  Efraim gjeter vind og jager etter østlig vind hele dagen. Det øker med løgner og vold. De inngår en avtale med Assyria, og olje blir sendt til Egypt.

• Linguistic Bible Translation from Source Texts

  Ephraim feeds on the wind and pursues the east wind all day long. They multiply lies and violence, making a covenant with Assyria and sending oil to Egypt.

• GT, oversatt fra hebraisk Aug2024

  Efraim går etter vind og følger østavinden hele dagen. Løgn og vold øker de. De slutter en pakt med Assur, og olje blir ført til Egypt.

• Original Norsk Bibel 1866

  Ephraim føder sig med Vind og jager efter Østenveir, den ganske Dag formerer han Løgn og Ødelæggelse, og de gjøre Pagt med Assyrien, og Olie føres til Ægypten.

• King James Version 1769 (Standard Version)

  The LORD hath also a controversy with Judah, and will punish Jacob according to his ways; according to his doings will he recompense him.

• KJV 1769 norsk

  HERREN har også en sak med Juda, og han vil straffe Jakob etter hans gjerninger; han vil gjengjelde ham etter hans handlinger.

• KJV1611 - Moderne engelsk

  The LORD also has a controversy with Judah, and will punish Jacob according to his ways; according to his deeds will He recompense him.

• King James Version 1611 (Original)

  The LORD hath also a controversy with Judah, and will punish Jacob according to his ways; according to his doings will he recompense him.

• Norsk oversettelse av Webster

  Herren har også en sak mot Juda, og vil straffe Jakob etter hans gjerninger; etter hans handlinger skal han få sin gjengjeld.

• Norsk oversettelse av Youngs Literal Translation

  Herren har en sak mot Juda, for å straffe Jakob etter hans handlinger, etter hans gjerninger gir Han ham igjen.

• Norsk oversettelse av ASV1901

  Herren har også en sak mot Juda, og vil straffe Jakob etter hans gjerninger; etter hans handlinger vil han belønne ham.

• Norsk oversettelse av BBE

  Efraims mat er vinden, og han jager østvinden: svik og ødeleggelse øker dag for dag; de inngår en avtale med Assyria og sender olje til Egypt.

• Coverdale Bible (1535)

  The LORDE hath a courte to holde with Iuda, and wil punysh Iacob: After their owne waies and acordinge to their owne inuencions, shal he recompence them.

• Geneva Bible (1560)

  The Lorde hath also a controuersie with Iudah, and will visite Iaakob, according to his waies: according to his workes, wil he recompence him.

• Bishops' Bible (1568)

  The Lorde hath a controuersie with Iuda, and wyll visite Iacob accordyng to his wayes, accordyng to their owne inuentions wyll he recompence them.

• Authorized King James Version (1611)

  The LORD hath also a controversy with Judah, and will punish Jacob according to his ways; according to his doings will he recompense him.

• Webster's Bible (1833)

  Yahweh also has a controversy with Judah, And will punish Jacob according to his ways; According to his deeds he will repay him.

• Young's Literal Translation (1862/1898)

  And a controversy hath Jehovah with Judah, To lay a charge on Jacob according to his ways, According to his doings He returneth to him.

• American Standard Version (1901)

  Jehovah hath also a controversy with Judah, and will punish Jacob according to his ways; according to his doings will he recompense him.

• Bible in Basic English (1941)

  Ephraim's food is the wind, and he goes after the east wind: deceit and destruction are increasing day by day; they make an agreement with Assyria, and take oil into Egypt.

• World English Bible (2000)

  Yahweh also has a controversy with Judah, and will punish Jacob according to his ways; according to his deeds he will repay him.

• NET Bible® (New English Translation)

  The LORD also has a covenant lawsuit against Judah; he will punish Jacob according to his ways and repay him according to his deeds.

Referenced Verses

• Hos 4:1 : 1 { "verseID": "Hosea.4.1", "source": "שִׁמְע֥וּ דְבַר־יְהוָ֖ה בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל כִּ֣י רִ֤יב לַֽיהוָה֙ עִם־יוֹשְׁבֵ֣י הָאָ֔רֶץ כִּ֠י אֵין־אֱמֶ֧ת וְֽאֵין־חֶ֛סֶד וְאֵֽין־דַּ֥עַת אֱלֹהִ֖ים בָּאָֽרֶץ׃", "text": "*Shimʿû* *dəbar*-*YHWH* *bənê* *Yiśrāʾēl* *kî* *rîb* *l-YHWH* *ʿim*-*yôšbê* *hāʾāreṣ* *kî* *ʾên*-*ʾĕmet* *wə-ʾên*-*ḥesed* *wə-ʾên*-*daʿat* *ʾĕlōhîm* *bāʾāreṣ*", "grammar": { "*Shimʿû*": "imperative, masculine plural - hear/listen", "*dəbar*": "construct state, masculine singular - word/speech of", "*YHWH*": "divine name, subject of construct chain", "*bənê*": "construct state, masculine plural - sons/children of", "*Yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel", "*kî*": "conjunction - because/for", "*rîb*": "noun, masculine singular - dispute/controversy/lawsuit", "*l-YHWH*": "preposition + divine name - belonging to YHWH", "*ʿim*": "preposition - with", "*yôšbê*": "participle construct, masculine plural - inhabitants/dwellers of", "*hāʾāreṣ*": "noun with definite article - the land", "*ʾên*": "particle of negation - there is not", "*ʾĕmet*": "noun, feminine singular - truth/faithfulness", "*wə-*": "conjunction - and", "*ḥesed*": "noun, masculine singular - steadfast love/covenant loyalty/mercy", "*daʿat*": "noun, feminine singular - knowledge", "*ʾĕlōhîm*": "noun, masculine plural form (divine singular) - God", "*bāʾāreṣ*": "preposition + noun with definite article - in the land" }, "variants": { "*dəbar*": "word/speech/matter/thing", "*rîb*": "dispute/lawsuit/controversy/quarrel", "*ḥesed*": "steadfast love/covenant loyalty/kindness/mercy", "*daʿat*": "knowledge/insight/understanding", "*ʾĕlōhîm*": "God/gods (grammatically plural but referring to the singular deity)", "*ʾāreṣ*": "land/earth/ground/territory" } }
• Mic 6:2 : 2 { "verseID": "Micah.6.2", "source": "שִׁמְע֤וּ הָרִים֙ אֶת־רִ֣יב יְהוָ֔ה וְהָאֵתָנִ֖ים מֹ֣סְדֵי אָ֑רֶץ כִּ֣י רִ֤יב לַֽיהוָה֙ עִם־עַמּ֔וֹ וְעִם־יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל יִתְוַכָּֽח׃", "text": "*šimʿû* *hārîm* *ʾet*-*rîb* *YHWH* *wə-hāʾētānîm* *mōsədê* *ʾāreṣ* *kî* *rîb* *la-YHWH* *ʿim*-*ʿammô* *wə-ʿim*-*yiśrāʾēl* *yitwakkāḥ*", "grammar": { "*šimʿû*": "imperative, masculine plural - hear/listen", "*hārîm*": "definite article + noun, masculine plural - the mountains", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*rîb*": "noun, masculine singular construct - dispute/contention of", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - divine name", "*wə-hāʾētānîm*": "conjunction + definite article + noun, masculine plural - and the enduring/ancient ones", "*mōsədê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - foundations of", "*ʾāreṣ*": "noun, feminine singular - earth/land", "*kî*": "conjunction - for/because", "*rîb*": "noun, masculine singular - dispute/contention", "*la-YHWH*": "preposition + proper noun - to/for YHWH", "*ʿim*": "preposition - with", "*ʿammô*": "noun + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his people", "*wə-ʿim*": "conjunction + preposition - and with", "*yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel", "*yitwakkāḥ*": "hitpael imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - he will argue/reason" }, "variants": { "*rîb*": "dispute/contention/lawsuit/legal case", "*hāʾētānîm*": "enduring ones/ancient ones/mighty ones/foundations", "*yitwakkāḥ*": "argue/reason/reprove/dispute" } }
• Matt 16:27 : 27 { "verseID": "Matthew.16.27", "source": "Μέλλει γὰρ ὁ Υἱὸς τοῦ ἀνθρώπου ἔρχεσθαι ἐν τῇ δόξῃ τοῦ Πατρὸς αὐτοῦ μετὰ τῶν ἀγγέλων αὐτοῦ· καὶ τότε ἀποδώσει ἑκάστῳ κατὰ τὴν πρᾶξιν αὐτοῦ.", "text": "For *mellei* the *Huios* of the *anthrōpou* *erchesthai* in the *doxē* of the *Patros* of him with the *angelōn* of him; and then he will *apodōsei* to each according to the *praxin* of him.", "grammar": { "*mellei*": "present active indicative, 3rd person singular - he is about to", "*Huios*": "nominative singular masculine - Son", "*anthrōpou*": "genitive singular masculine - of man", "*erchesthai*": "present middle/passive infinitive - to come", "*doxē*": "dative singular feminine - glory", "*Patros*": "genitive singular masculine - of Father", "*angelōn*": "genitive plural masculine - of angels", "*apodōsei*": "future active indicative, 3rd person singular - he will repay/reward", "*praxin*": "accusative singular feminine - deed/practice" }, "variants": { "*mellei*": "is about to/will/is going to", "*Huios tou anthrōpou*": "Son of Man (messianic title)", "*erchesthai*": "to come/arrive", "*doxē*": "glory/splendor/honor", "*Patros*": "Father/progenitor", "*angelōn*": "angels/messengers", "*apodōsei*": "will repay/reward/render", "*praxin*": "deed/practice/action" } }
• Rom 2:6 : 6 { "verseID": "Romans.2.6", "source": "Ὃς ἀποδώσει ἑκάστῳ κατὰ τὰ ἔργα αὐτοῦ:", "text": "Who will *apodōsei* to *hekastō* according to the *erga* of him:", "grammar": { "*apodōsei*": "verb, future indicative, 3rd person singular - he will render/repay", "*hekastō*": "adjective used as noun, dative, masculine, singular - to each one", "*erga*": "noun, accusative, neuter, plural - works/deeds" }, "variants": { "*apodōsei*": "repay/render/give back", "*hekastō*": "each one/every person", "*erga*": "works/deeds/actions" } }
• Gal 6:7 : 7 { "verseID": "Galatians.6.7", "source": "Μὴ πλανᾶσθε· Θεὸς οὐ μυκτηρίζεται: ὃ γὰρ ἐὰν σπείρῃ, ἄνθρωπος τοῦτο καὶ θερίσει.", "text": "Not *planasthe*; *Theos* not *myktērizetai*: for what if *speirē anthropos*, this also *therisei*.", "grammar": { "*planasthe*": "present, passive, imperative, 2nd plural - be deceived", "*Theos*": "nominative, masculine, singular - God", "*myktērizetai*": "present, passive, indicative, 3rd singular - is mocked", "*speirē*": "present, active, subjunctive, 3rd singular - might sow", "*anthropos*": "nominative, masculine, singular - man/person", "*therisei*": "future, active, indicative, 3rd singular - will reap" }, "variants": { "*planasthe*": "be deceived/led astray/misled", "*Theos*": "God/deity", "*myktērizetai*": "is mocked/sneered at/treated with contempt", "*speirē*": "might sow/plant/scatter seed", "*anthropos*": "man/person/human", "*therisei*": "will reap/harvest/gather" } }
• Hos 4:9 : 9 { "verseID": "Hosea.4.9", "source": "וְהָיָ֥ה כָעָ֖ם כַּכֹּהֵ֑ן וּפָקַדְתִּ֤י עָלָיו֙ דְּרָכָ֔יו וּמַעֲלָלָ֖יו אָשִׁ֥יב לֽוֹ׃", "text": "*wə-hāyâ* *kāʿām* *kakkōhēn* *û-pāqadtî* *ʿālāyw* *dərākāyw* *û-maʿălālāyw* *ʾāšîb* *lô*", "grammar": { "*wə-hāyâ*": "conjunction + perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - and it will be", "*kāʿām*": "preposition + noun with definite article, masculine singular - like the people", "*kakkōhēn*": "preposition + noun with definite article, masculine singular - like the priest", "*û-pāqadtî*": "conjunction + perfect, 1st person singular - and I will visit/punish", "*ʿālāyw*": "preposition + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - upon him", "*dərākāyw*": "noun, plural + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his ways", "*û-maʿălālāyw*": "conjunction + noun, masculine plural + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - and his deeds/actions", "*ʾāšîb*": "imperfect, 1st person singular, hiphil - I will return/repay", "*lô*": "preposition + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - to him" }, "variants": { "*pāqad*": "visit/punish/attend to", "*derek*": "way/road/path/manner/custom", "*maʿălāl*": "deed/action/practice", "*šûb* (hiphil)": "return/restore/bring back/repay" } }
• Hos 8:13 : 13 { "verseID": "Hosea.8.13", "source": "זִבְחֵ֣י הַבְהָבַ֗י יִזְבְּח֤וּ בָשָׂר֙ וַיֹּאכֵ֔לוּ יְהוָ֖ה לֹ֣א רָצָ֑ם עַתָּ֞ה יִזְכֹּ֤ר עֲוֺנָם֙ וְיִפְקֹ֣ד חַטֹּאותָ֔ם הֵ֖מָּה מִצְרַ֥יִם יָשֽׁוּבוּ׃", "text": "*ziḇḥê* *haḇhāḇay* they *yizbəḥû* *ḇāśār* *wayyōʾḵēlû*, *YHWH* not *rāṣām*; now *yizkōr* their *ʿăwōnām* and *yip̄qōḏ* their *ḥaṭṭōʾwṯām*; they to *miṣrayim* *yāšûḇû*.", "grammar": { "*ziḇḥê*": "noun, masculine, plural construct - sacrifices of", "*haḇhāḇay*": "noun, masculine, plural with 1st person singular suffix - my gifts", "*yizbəḥû*": "verb, qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine plural - they sacrifice", "*ḇāśār*": "noun, masculine, singular absolute - flesh/meat", "*wayyōʾḵēlû*": "verb, qal imperfect with waw consecutive, 3rd person masculine plural - and they eat", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - divine name", "*rāṣām*": "verb, qal perfect, 3rd person masculine singular with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - he accepted/was pleased with them", "*yizkōr*": "verb, qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - he will remember", "*ʿăwōnām*": "noun, masculine, singular with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - their iniquity", "*yip̄qōḏ*": "verb, qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - he will visit/punish", "*ḥaṭṭōʾwṯām*": "noun, feminine, plural with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - their sins", "*miṣrayim*": "proper noun - Egypt", "*yāšûḇû*": "verb, qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine plural - they will return" }, "variants": { "*ziḇḥê*": "sacrifices of/offerings of", "*haḇhāḇay*": "my gifts/my offerings [uncertain meaning, possibly 'my choice sacrifices']", "*yizbəḥû*": "they sacrifice/slaughter/offer", "*ḇāśār*": "flesh/meat", "*wayyōʾḵēlû*": "and they eat/consume", "*rāṣām*": "accepted them/was pleased with them/favored them", "*yizkōr*": "he will remember/recall/take note of", "*ʿăwōnām*": "their iniquity/guilt/punishment", "*yip̄qōḏ*": "he will visit/punish/attend to", "*ḥaṭṭōʾwṯām*": "their sins/offenses/failures", "*yāšûḇû*": "they will return/go back/revert" } }
• Hos 9:9 : 9 { "verseID": "Hosea.9.9", "source": "הֶעְמִֽיקוּ־שִׁחֵ֖תוּ כִּימֵ֣י הַגִּבְעָ֑ה יִזְכּ֣וֹר עֲוֺנָ֔ם יִפְק֖וֹד חַטֹּאותָֽם׃", "text": "*Heʿmîqû*-*šiḥētû* like-*yemê* the-*gibʿāh*; *yizkôr* *ʿăwōnām*, *yipqôd* *ḥaṭṭôʾwtām*.", "grammar": { "*Heʿmîqû*": "hifil perfect 3rd common plural - 'they have gone deeply'", "*šiḥētû*": "piel perfect 3rd common plural - 'they have corrupted/done corruptly'", "*yemê*": "masculine plural construct - 'days of'", "*gibʿāh*": "proper noun with definite article - 'the Gibeah'", "*yizkôr*": "qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - 'he will remember'", "*ʿăwōnām*": "masculine singular noun with 3rd masculine plural suffix - 'their iniquity'", "*yipqôd*": "qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - 'he will visit/punish'", "*ḥaṭṭôʾwtām*": "feminine plural noun with 3rd masculine plural suffix - 'their sins'" }, "variants": { "*Heʿmîqû*-*šiḥētû*": "they have deeply corrupted/they are deeply depraved/they have gone deeply into corruption", "*gibʿāh*": "reference to incident in Judges 19-20", "*yizkôr*": "he will remember/he will recall/he will not forget", "*ʿăwōnām*": "their iniquity/their guilt/their sin", "*yipqôd*": "he will visit/he will punish/he will reckon" } }
• 2 Kgs 17:19-20 : 19 { "verseID": "2 Kings.17.19", "source": "גַּם־יְהוּדָ֕ה לֹ֣א שָׁמַ֔ר אֶת־מִצְוֺ֖ת יְהוָ֣ה אֱלֹהֵיהֶ֑ם וַיֵּ֣לְכ֔וּ בְּחֻקּ֥וֹת יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל אֲשֶׁ֥ר עָשֽׂוּ׃", "text": "Also *yᵊhûdâ* not *šāmar* *ʾēt*-*miṣwâ* of *YHWH* *ʾĕlōhîm* their, and they *hālak* in *ḥuqqâ* of *yiśrāʾēl* which they *ʿāśâ*.", "grammar": { "*yᵊhûdâ*": "proper noun - Judah", "*šāmar*": "Qal perfect 3rd person masculine singular - he kept/observed", "*ʾēt*": "direct object marker", "*miṣwâ*": "noun, feminine plural construct - commandments of", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - the LORD", "*ʾĕlōhîm*": "noun, masculine plural construct with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - their God", "*hālak*": "Qal imperfect 3rd person masculine plural with waw consecutive - they walked", "*ḥuqqâ*": "noun, feminine plural construct - statutes/customs of", "*yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel", "*ʿāśâ*": "Qal perfect 3rd person common plural - they made/did" }, "variants": { "*šāmar*": "keep/observe/guard", "*miṣwâ*": "commandments/precepts/orders", "*ʾĕlōhîm*": "God/gods", "*hālak*": "walk/go/follow", "*ḥuqqâ*": "statutes/customs/practices", "*ʿāśâ*": "make/do/practice" } } 20 { "verseID": "2 Kings.17.20", "source": "וַיִּמְאַ֨ס יְהוָ֜ה בְּכָל־זֶ֤רַע יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ וַיְעַנֵּ֔ם וַֽיִּתְּנֵ֖ם בְּיַד־שֹׁסִ֑ים עַ֛ד אֲשֶׁ֥ר הִשְׁלִיכָ֖ם מִפָּנָֽיו׃", "text": "And *māʾas* *YHWH* in all-*zeraʿ* of *yiśrāʾēl* and he *ʿānâ* them and he *nātan* them in hand-of *šāsâ* until which he *šālak* them from *pānîm* his.", "grammar": { "*māʾas*": "Qal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular with waw consecutive - he rejected", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - the LORD", "*zeraʿ*": "noun, masculine singular construct - seed/offspring of", "*yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel", "*ʿānâ*": "Piel imperfect 3rd person masculine singular with waw consecutive with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - he afflicted them", "*nātan*": "Qal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular with waw consecutive with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - he gave them", "*šāsâ*": "Qal participle masculine plural - plunderers/spoilers", "*šālak*": "Hiphil perfect 3rd person masculine singular with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - he cast them away", "*pānîm*": "noun, masculine plural construct with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his face/presence" }, "variants": { "*māʾas*": "reject/despise/refuse", "*zeraʿ*": "seed/offspring/descendants", "*ʿānâ*": "afflict/oppress/humble", "*nātan*": "give/deliver/place", "*šāsâ*": "plunderers/spoilers/robbers", "*šālak*": "cast away/throw off/drive out", "*pānîm*": "face/presence/sight" } }
• Isa 3:11 : 11 { "verseID": "Isaiah.3.11", "source": "א֖וֹי לְרָשָׁ֣ע רָ֑ע כִּֽי־גְמ֥וּל יָדָ֖יו יֵעָ֥שֶׂה לּֽוֹ", "text": "*ʾôy* to-*rāšāʿ* *rāʿ*; for-*gəmûl* *yādāyw* *yēʿāśeh* to-him", "grammar": { "*ʾôy*": "interjection - woe/alas", "*lərāšāʿ*": "preposition with adjective, masculine singular - to the wicked", "*rāʿ*": "adjective, masculine singular - evil/bad", "*kî*": "conjunction - for/because", "*gəmûl*": "noun, masculine singular construct - recompense/dealing of", "*yādāyw*": "noun, feminine dual with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his hands", "*yēʿāśeh*": "Niphal imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - it will be done", "*lô*": "preposition with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - to him" }, "variants": { "*ʾôy*": "woe/alas/grief", "*rāšāʿ*": "wicked person/evil one/ungodly", "*rāʿ*": "evil/bad/unpleasant", "*gəmûl*": "recompense/dealing/reward", "*yādayim*": "hands/powers/works", "*ʿāśāh*": "be done/performed/accomplished" } }
• Isa 8:7-8 : 7 { "verseID": "Isaiah.8.7", "source": "וְלָכֵ֡ן הִנֵּ֣ה אֲדֹנָי֩ מַעֲלֶ֨ה עֲלֵיהֶ֜ם אֶת־מֵ֣י הַנָּהָ֗ר הָעֲצוּמִים֙ וְהָ֣רַבִּ֔ים אֶת־מֶ֥לֶךְ אַשּׁ֖וּר וְאֶת־כָּל־כְּבוֹד֑וֹ וְעָלָה֙ עַל־כָּל־אֲפִיקָ֔יו וְהָלַ֖ךְ עַל־כָּל־גְּדוֹתָֽיו׃", "text": "*wə-lākēn hinnēh ʾădōnāy maʿăleh* upon-them *ʾet*-*mê ha-nāhār hā-ʿăṣûmîm* and-*hā-rabbîm* *ʾet*-*melek* *ʾaššûr* and-*ʾet*-all-*kəbôdô* and-*ʿālāh* over-all-*ʾăpîqāyw* and-*hālak* over-all-*gədôtāyw*", "grammar": { "*wə-lākēn*": "conjunction + adverb - and therefore", "*hinnēh*": "interjection - behold/look", "*ʾădōnāy*": "divine title - Lord/Master", "*maʿăleh*": "hiphil participle masculine singular - bringing up/causing to rise", "*mê*": "noun masculine plural construct - waters of", "*ha-nāhār*": "definite article + noun masculine singular - the river", "*hā-ʿăṣûmîm*": "definite article + adjective masculine plural - the mighty/strong", "*hā-rabbîm*": "definite article + adjective masculine plural - the many/abundant", "*melek*": "noun masculine singular construct - king of", "*ʾaššûr*": "proper noun - Assyria", "*kəbôdô*": "noun masculine singular + 3rd masculine singular suffix - his glory", "*ʿālāh*": "qal perfect 3rd masculine singular - he will rise/go up", "*ʾăpîqāyw*": "noun masculine plural + 3rd masculine singular suffix - its channels", "*hālak*": "qal perfect 3rd masculine singular - he will go/walk", "*gədôtāyw*": "noun feminine plural + 3rd masculine singular suffix - its banks" }, "variants": { "*mê ha-nāhār*": "waters of the river (metaphor for Assyrian invasion)", "*hā-ʿăṣûmîm*": "mighty/strong/powerful", "*hā-rabbîm*": "many/abundant/numerous", "*kəbôdô*": "his glory/his honor/his splendor/his might", "*ʾăpîqāyw*": "its channels/its streams/its watercourses", "*gədôtāyw*": "its banks/its shores" } } 8 { "verseID": "Isaiah.8.8", "source": "וְחָלַ֤ף בִּֽיהוּדָה֙ שָׁטַ֣ף וְעָבַ֔ר עַד־צַוָּ֖אר יַגִּ֑יעַ וְהָיָה֙ מֻטּ֣וֹת כְּנָפָ֔יו מְלֹ֥א רֹֽחַב־אַרְצְךָ֖ עִמָּ֥נוּ אֵֽל׃", "text": "*wə-ḥālap* in-*yəhûdāh* *šāṭap* and-*ʿābar* until-*ṣawwāʾr* *yaggîaʿ* and-*hāyāh* *muṭṭôt* *kənāpāyw* *məlōʾ* *rōḥab*-*ʾarṣəkā* *ʿimmānû ʾēl*", "grammar": { "*wə-ḥālap*": "waw consecutive + qal perfect 3rd masculine singular - and it will sweep/rush", "*bîhûdāh*": "preposition + proper noun - into Judah", "*šāṭap*": "qal perfect 3rd masculine singular - it will overflow/flood", "*ʿābar*": "qal perfect 3rd masculine singular - it will pass over", "*ṣawwāʾr*": "noun masculine singular - neck", "*yaggîaʿ*": "hiphil imperfect 3rd masculine singular - it will reach", "*hāyāh*": "qal perfect 3rd masculine singular - it will be", "*muṭṭôt*": "noun feminine plural construct - spreading of", "*kənāpāyw*": "noun feminine dual + 3rd masculine singular suffix - his wings", "*məlōʾ*": "noun masculine singular construct - fullness of", "*rōḥab*": "noun masculine singular construct - breadth/width of", "*ʾarṣəkā*": "noun feminine singular + 2nd masculine singular suffix - your land", "*ʿimmānû ʾēl*": "proper noun compound - Immanuel/God with us" }, "variants": { "*ḥālap*": "sweep through/rush through/pass through", "*šāṭap*": "overflow/flood/inundate", "*ʿābar*": "pass over/cross/go through", "*ṣawwāʾr*": "neck (metaphor for severity of invasion)", "*muṭṭôt kənāpāyw*": "stretching out of his wings/spreading of his wings", "*ʿimmānû ʾēl*": "Immanuel/God with us (can be read as a name or a statement)" } }
• Isa 10:6 : 6 { "verseID": "Isaiah.10.6", "source": "בְּגוֹי חָנֵף אֲשַׁלְּחֶנּוּ וְעַל־עַם עֶבְרָתִי אֲצַוֶּנּוּ לִשְׁלֹל שָׁלָל וְלָבֹז בַּז וּלְשׂוּמוֹ מִרְמָס כְּחֹמֶר חוּצוֹת", "text": "*begôy* *ḥānēp̄* *ʾăšalleḥennû* *weʿal*-*ʿam* *ʿebrātî* *ʾăṣawwennû* *lišlōl* *šālāl* *welābōz* *baz* *ûleśûmô* *mirmās* *keḥōmer* *ḥûṣôt*", "grammar": { "*begôy*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular - against nation", "*ḥānēp̄*": "adjective, masculine singular - godless/profane/impious", "*ʾăšalleḥennû*": "piel imperfect, 1st person singular + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - I will send him", "*weʿal*": "waw conjunction + preposition - and against", "*ʿam*": "noun, masculine singular - people", "*ʿebrātî*": "noun, feminine singular + 1st person singular suffix - my wrath", "*ʾăṣawwennû*": "piel imperfect, 1st person singular + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - I will command him", "*lišlōl*": "preposition + qal infinitive construct - to plunder", "*šālāl*": "noun, masculine singular - plunder/spoil", "*welābōz*": "waw conjunction + preposition + qal infinitive construct - and to seize", "*baz*": "noun, masculine singular - spoil/booty", "*ûleśûmô*": "waw conjunction + preposition + qal infinitive construct + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - and to make it", "*mirmās*": "noun, masculine singular - trampling place/trodden thing", "*keḥōmer*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular - like clay/mire", "*ḥûṣôt*": "noun, feminine plural - streets/outside places" }, "variants": { "*ḥānēp̄*": "godless/profane/impious/hypocritical", "*ʿebrātî*": "my wrath/fury/rage/anger", "*šālāl*": "plunder/spoil/prey/booty", "*baz*": "spoil/booty/prey", "*mirmās*": "trampling place/thing trodden down", "*ḥōmer*": "clay/mire/mud", "*ḥûṣôt*": "streets/outside places/marketplaces" } }
• Isa 10:12 : 12 { "verseID": "Isaiah.10.12", "source": "וְהָיָה כִּי־יְבַצַּע אֲדֹנָי אֶת־כָּל־מַעֲשֵׂהוּ בְּהַר צִיּוֹן וּבִירוּשָׁלָ͏ִם אֶפְקֹד עַל־פְּרִי־גֹדֶל לְבַב מֶלֶךְ־אַשּׁוּר וְעַל־תִּפְאֶרֶת רוּם עֵינָיו", "text": "*wehāyāh* *kî*-*yebaṣṣaʿ* *ʾădōnāy* *ʾet*-*kāl*-*maʿăśēhû* *behar* *ṣiyyôn* *ûbîrûšālāim* *ʾep̄qōd* *ʿal*-*perî*-*gōdel* *lebab* *meleḵ*-*ʾaššûr* *weʿal*-*tip̄ʾeret* *rûm* *ʿênāyw*", "grammar": { "*wehāyāh*": "waw conjunction + qal perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - and it will be", "*kî*": "conjunction - when/that", "*yebaṣṣaʿ*": "piel imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - he completes/finishes", "*ʾădōnāy*": "noun, masculine singular with 1st person plural suffix used as divine title - the Lord", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*kāl*": "noun, masculine singular construct - all of", "*maʿăśēhû*": "noun, masculine singular + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his work", "*behar*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular construct - in mountain of", "*ṣiyyôn*": "proper noun - Zion", "*ûbîrûšālāim*": "waw conjunction + preposition + proper noun - and in Jerusalem", "*ʾep̄qōd*": "qal imperfect, 1st person singular - I will punish/visit", "*ʿal*": "preposition - upon/against", "*perî*": "noun, masculine singular construct - fruit of", "*gōdel*": "noun, masculine singular construct - greatness of", "*lebab*": "noun, masculine singular construct - heart of", "*meleḵ*": "noun, masculine singular construct - king of", "*ʾaššûr*": "proper noun - Assyria", "*weʿal*": "waw conjunction + preposition - and upon", "*tip̄ʾeret*": "noun, feminine singular construct - glory/splendor of", "*rûm*": "noun, masculine singular construct - height/haughtiness of", "*ʿênāyw*": "noun, feminine dual + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his eyes" }, "variants": { "*baṣṣaʿ*": "complete/finish/accomplish/cut off", "*pāqad*": "visit/punish/attend to/muster", "*perî*": "fruit/result/outcome/product", "*gōdel*": "greatness/pride/arrogance", "*tip̄ʾeret*": "glory/splendor/beauty/pride", "*rûm*": "height/haughtiness/loftiness/exaltation" } }
• Isa 24:21 : 21 { "verseID": "Isaiah.24.21", "source": "וְהָיָה֙ בַּיּ֣וֹם הַה֔וּא יִפְקֹ֧ד יְהוָ֛ה עַל־צְבָ֥א הַמָּר֖וֹם בַּמָּר֑וֹם וְעַל־מַלְכֵ֥י הָאֲדָמָ֖ה עַל־הָאֲדָמָֽה׃", "text": "And-*hāyāh* in-the-*yôm* the-*hû* *yipqōd* *YHWH* upon-*ṣəbā* the-*mārôm* in-the-*mārôm* and-upon-*malkê* the-*ʾădāmāh* upon-the-*ʾădāmāh*", "grammar": { "*hāyāh*": "Qal perfect, 3rd person masculine singular with conjunction ו - and it will be", "*yôm*": "common noun, masculine singular with preposition ב and definite article - in the day", "*hû*": "demonstrative pronoun, masculine singular with definite article - that", "*yipqōd*": "Qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - he will punish/visit", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - divine name", "*ṣəbā*": "common noun, masculine singular construct with preposition על - upon host of", "*mārôm*": "common noun, masculine singular with definite article - the height", "*mārôm*": "common noun, masculine singular with preposition ב and definite article - in the height", "*malkê*": "common noun, masculine plural construct with preposition על and conjunction ו - and upon kings of", "*ʾădāmāh*": "common noun, feminine singular with definite article - the ground/land/earth", "*ʾădāmāh*": "common noun, feminine singular with definite article and preposition על - upon the ground/land/earth" }, "variants": { "*hāyāh*": "it will be/it shall come to pass", "*yôm hû*": "that day/in that day", "*yipqōd*": "will punish/will visit/will attend to", "*ṣəbā*": "host/army/company", "*mārôm*": "height/high place/heaven", "*malkê*": "kings of/rulers of", "*ʾădāmāh*": "ground/land/earth" } }
• Isa 59:18 : 18 { "verseID": "Isaiah.59.18", "source": "כְּעַ֤ל גְּמֻלוֹת֙ כְּעַ֣ל יְשַׁלֵּ֔ם חֵמָ֣ה לְצָרָ֔יו גְּמ֖וּל לְאֹֽיְבָ֑יו לָאִיִּ֖ים גְּמ֥וּל יְשַׁלֵּֽם׃", "text": "According-to *gəmulôt* according-to *yəšallēm* *ḥēmâ* to-*ṣārāyw* *gəmûl* to-*ʾōyəbāyw* to-the-*ʾiyyîm* *gəmûl* *yəšallēm*", "grammar": { "*gəmulôt*": "feminine plural noun with prefix כ and על (according to/as) - deeds/actions/recompense", "*yəšallēm*": "piel imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - he will repay/complete/fulfill", "*ḥēmâ*": "feminine singular noun - wrath/anger/fury", "*ṣārāyw*": "masculine plural participle with 3rd masculine singular suffix and prefix ל (to/for) - his adversaries", "*gəmûl*": "masculine singular noun - recompense/benefit/dealing", "*ʾōyəbāyw*": "masculine plural participle with 3rd masculine singular suffix and prefix ל (to/for) - his enemies", "*ʾiyyîm*": "masculine plural noun with prefix ל (to/for) - coastlands/islands", "*yəšallēm*": "piel imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - he will repay/complete/fulfill" }, "variants": { "*gəmulôt*": "deeds/actions/recompense/retribution", "*ḥēmâ*": "wrath/anger/fury/rage", "*ṣārāyw*": "his adversaries/oppressors/foes", "*gəmûl*": "recompense/reward/retribution/dealing", "*ʾiyyîm*": "coastlands/islands/distant lands" } }
• Jer 3:8-9 : 8 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.3.8", "source": "וָאֵ֗רֶא כִּ֤י עַל־כָּל־אֹדוֹת֙ אֲשֶׁ֤ר נִֽאֲפָה֙ מְשֻׁבָ֣ה יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל שִׁלַּחְתִּ֕יהָ וָאֶתֵּ֛ן אֶת־סֵ֥פֶר כְּרִיתֻתֶ֖יהָ אֵלֶ֑יהָ וְלֹ֨א יָֽרְאָ֜ה בֹּֽגֵדָ֤ה יְהוּדָה֙ אֲחוֹתָ֔הּ וַתֵּ֖לֶךְ וַתִּ֥זֶן גַּם־הִֽיא׃", "text": "*wāʾēreʾ* that for-all-*ʾōdôt* which *niʾăp̄â* *mᵉšuḇâ* *yiśrāʾēl*, *šillaḥtîhā* *wāʾettēn* *ʾet*-*sēp̄er* *kᵉrîtutehā* to-her; and-not *yārᵉʾâ* *bōgēdâ* *yᵉhûdâ* *ʾăḥôtâh*, *wattēleḵ* *wattizen* also-she.", "grammar": { "*wāʾēreʾ*": "conjunction + Qal imperfect 1st person singular with waw consecutive - 'and I saw'", "*ʾōdôt*": "noun, feminine plural construct - 'causes/reasons'", "*niʾăp̄â*": "Piel perfect 3rd feminine singular - 'she committed adultery'", "*mᵉšuḇâ*": "noun, feminine singular - 'apostate/backsliding'", "*yiśrāʾēl*": "proper name - 'Israel'", "*šillaḥtîhā*": "Piel perfect 1st person singular with 3rd feminine singular suffix - 'I sent her away'", "*wāʾettēn*": "conjunction + Qal imperfect 1st person singular with waw consecutive - 'and I gave'", "*sēp̄er*": "noun, masculine singular construct - 'document/scroll'", "*kᵉrîtutehā*": "noun, feminine plural construct with 3rd feminine singular suffix - 'her divorce'", "*yārᵉʾâ*": "Qal perfect 3rd feminine singular - 'she feared/was afraid'", "*bōgēdâ*": "Qal participle feminine singular - 'treacherous/faithless'", "*yᵉhûdâ*": "proper name - 'Judah'", "*ʾăḥôtâh*": "noun, feminine singular with 3rd feminine singular suffix - 'her sister'", "*wattēleḵ*": "conjunction + Qal imperfect 3rd feminine singular with waw consecutive - 'and she went'", "*wattizen*": "conjunction + Qal imperfect 3rd feminine singular with waw consecutive - 'and she played the harlot'" }, "variants": { "*wāʾēreʾ*": "and I saw/observed/noticed", "*ʾōdôt*": "causes/reasons/occasions", "*niʾăp̄â*": "she committed adultery/was unfaithful", "*mᵉšuḇâ*": "apostate/backsliding/faithless", "*yiśrāʾēl*": "Israel", "*šillaḥtîhā*": "I sent her away/dismissed her/divorced her", "*wāʾettēn*": "and I gave/provided/handed over", "*sēp̄er*": "document/scroll/certificate", "*kᵉrîtutehā*": "her divorce/separation/cutting off", "*yārᵉʾâ*": "she feared/was afraid/was in awe", "*bōgēdâ*": "treacherous/faithless/deceitful", "*yᵉhûdâ*": "Judah", "*ʾăḥôtâh*": "her sister", "*wattēleḵ*": "and she went/proceeded", "*wattizen*": "and she played the harlot/prostituted herself" } } 9 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.3.9", "source": "וְהָיָה֙ מִקֹּ֣ל זְנוּתָ֔הּ וַתֶּחֱנַ֖ף אֶת־הָאָ֑רֶץ וַתִּנְאַ֥ף אֶת־הָאֶ֖בֶן וְאֶת־הָעֵֽץ׃", "text": "*wᵉhāyâ* from-*qōl* *zᵉnûtâh* *wattĕḥĕnap̄* *ʾet*-the-*ʾāreṣ*, *wattinʾap̄* *ʾet*-the-*ʾeḇen* and-*ʾet*-the-*ʿēṣ*.", "grammar": { "*wᵉhāyâ*": "conjunction + Qal perfect 3rd masculine singular - 'and it came to pass/happened'", "*qōl*": "noun, masculine singular construct - 'sound/lightness'", "*zᵉnûtâh*": "noun, feminine singular construct with 3rd feminine singular suffix - 'her harlotry/prostitution'", "*wattĕḥĕnap̄*": "conjunction + Qal imperfect 3rd feminine singular with waw consecutive - 'and she polluted'", "*ʾāreṣ*": "noun, feminine singular with definite article - 'the land/earth'", "*wattinʾap̄*": "conjunction + Qal imperfect 3rd feminine singular with waw consecutive - 'and she committed adultery'", "*ʾeḇen*": "noun, feminine singular with definite article - 'the stone'", "*ʿēṣ*": "noun, masculine singular with definite article - 'the tree/wood'" }, "variants": { "*wᵉhāyâ*": "and it came to pass/happened/occurred", "*qōl*": "sound/voice/lightness/frivolity", "*zᵉnûtâh*": "her harlotry/prostitution/promiscuity", "*wattĕḥĕnap̄*": "and she polluted/defiled/profaned", "*ʾāreṣ*": "the land/earth/ground", "*wattinʾap̄*": "and she committed adultery/was unfaithful", "*ʾeḇen*": "the stone/rock", "*ʿēṣ*": "the tree/wood" } } 10 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.3.10", "source": "וְגַם־בְּכָל־זֹ֗את לֹא־שָׁ֨בָה אֵלַ֜י בָּגוֹדָ֧ה אֲחוֹתָ֛הּ יְהוּדָ֖ה בְּכָל־לִבָּ֑הּ כִּ֥י אִם־בְּשֶׁ֖קֶר נְאֻם־יְהוָֽה׃ פ", "text": "And-also-in-all-this not-*šāḇâ* to-me *bāgôdâ* *ʾăḥôtâh* *yᵉhûdâ* with-all-*libbâh*, but-rather-in-*šeqer* *nᵉʾum*-*YHWH*.", "grammar": { "*šāḇâ*": "Qal perfect 3rd feminine singular - 'she returned'", "*bāgôdâ*": "Qal participle feminine singular - 'treacherous/faithless'", "*ʾăḥôtâh*": "noun, feminine singular with 3rd feminine singular suffix - 'her sister'", "*yᵉhûdâ*": "proper name - 'Judah'", "*libbâh*": "noun, masculine singular with 3rd feminine singular suffix - 'her heart'", "*šeqer*": "noun, masculine singular - 'falsehood/lie'", "*nᵉʾum*": "construct state - 'utterance/declaration'", "*YHWH*": "proper name - 'Yahweh/LORD'" }, "variants": { "*šāḇâ*": "she returned/came back/repented", "*bāgôdâ*": "treacherous/faithless/deceitful", "*ʾăḥôtâh*": "her sister", "*yᵉhûdâ*": "Judah", "*libbâh*": "her heart/mind/inner being", "*šeqer*": "falsehood/lie/deception", "*nᵉʾum*": "utterance/declaration/oracle" } } 11 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.3.11", "source": "וַיֹּ֤אמֶר יְהוָה֙ אֵלַ֔י צִדְּקָ֥ה נַפְשָׁ֖הּ מְשֻׁבָ֣ה יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל מִבֹּגֵדָ֖ה יְהוּדָֽה׃", "text": "*wayyōʾmer* *YHWH* to-me: \"*ṣidᵉqâ* *nap̄šâh* *mᵉšuḇâ* *yiśrāʾēl* from-*bōgēdâ* *yᵉhûdâ*.\"", "grammar": { "*wayyōʾmer*": "conjunction + Qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular with waw consecutive - 'and he said'", "*YHWH*": "proper name - 'Yahweh/LORD'", "*ṣidᵉqâ*": "Piel perfect 3rd feminine singular - 'she justified/vindicated'", "*nap̄šâh*": "noun, feminine singular with 3rd feminine singular suffix - 'her soul'", "*mᵉšuḇâ*": "noun, feminine singular - 'apostate/backsliding'", "*yiśrāʾēl*": "proper name - 'Israel'", "*bōgēdâ*": "Qal participle feminine singular - 'treacherous/faithless'", "*yᵉhûdâ*": "proper name - 'Judah'" }, "variants": { "*wayyōʾmer*": "and he said/spoke", "*ṣidᵉqâ*": "she justified/vindicated/proved right", "*nap̄šâh*": "her soul/self/life", "*mᵉšuḇâ*": "apostate/backsliding/faithless", "*yiśrāʾēl*": "Israel", "*bōgēdâ*": "treacherous/faithless/deceitful", "*yᵉhûdâ*": "Judah" } }
• Jer 25:31 : 31 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.25.31", "source": "בָּ֤א שָׁאוֹן֙ עַד־קְצֵ֣ה הָאָ֔רֶץ כִּ֣י רִ֤יב לַֽיהוָה֙ בַּגּוֹיִ֔ם נִשְׁפָּ֥ט ה֖וּא לְכָל־בָּשָׂ֑ר הָרְשָׁעִ֛ים נְתָנָ֥ם לַחֶ֖רֶב נְאֻם־יְהוָֽה׃", "text": "*Bāʾ* *šāʾôn* unto-*qəṣēh* *hāʾāreṣ* because *rîb* to-*YHWH* with-*haggôyîm* *nišpāṭ* *hûʾ* to-all-*bāśār* *hārəšāʿîm* *nətānām* to-*ḥereb* *nəʾum*-*YHWH*.", "grammar": { "*Bāʾ*": "verb, qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - it has come", "*šāʾôn*": "noun, masculine singular - tumult/noise", "*qəṣēh*": "noun, masculine singular construct - end of", "*hāʾāreṣ*": "noun, feminine singular with definite article - the earth/land", "*rîb*": "noun, masculine singular - controversy/dispute", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - divine name", "*haggôyîm*": "noun, masculine plural with definite article - the nations", "*nišpāṭ*": "verb, niphal participle, masculine singular - entering into judgment", "*hûʾ*": "pronoun, 3rd masculine singular - he", "*bāśār*": "noun, masculine singular - flesh", "*hārəšāʿîm*": "adjective, masculine plural with definite article - the wicked", "*nətānām*": "verb, qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular + 3rd masculine plural suffix - he has given them", "*ḥereb*": "noun, feminine singular - sword", "*nəʾum*": "noun, masculine singular construct - declaration of" }, "variants": { "*šāʾôn*": "tumult/noise/roaring/clamor", "*rîb*": "controversy/dispute/legal case/lawsuit", "*nišpāṭ*": "entering into judgment/bringing to trial/contending legally", "*bāśār*": "flesh/body/all living beings", "*hārəšāʿîm*": "the wicked/the guilty/the unrighteous", "*ḥereb*": "sword/destruction/violence" } }
• Ezek 23:11-21 : 11 { "verseID": "Ezekiel.23.11", "source": "וַתֵּ֙רֶא֙ אֲחוֹתָ֣הּ אָהֳלִיבָ֔ה וַתַּשְׁחֵ֥ת עַגְבָתָ֖הּ מִמֶּ֑נָּה וְאֶת־תַּ֨זְנוּתֶ֔יהָ מִזְּנוּנֵ֖י אֲחוֹתָֽהּ׃", "text": "And *wattēreʾ* *ʾăḥôtāh* *ʾāhŏlîḇâ* and *wattašḥēt* *ʿaḡḇātāh* than her and *ʾet*-*taznûtêhā* from *zənûnê* *ʾăḥôtāh*", "grammar": { "*wattēreʾ*": "3rd feminine singular waw-consecutive imperfect of *rāʾâ* - and she saw", "*ʾăḥôtāh*": "singular noun + 3rd feminine singular suffix - her sister", "*ʾāhŏlîḇâ*": "proper noun - Oholibah", "*wattašḥēt*": "3rd feminine singular waw-consecutive imperfect of *šāḥat* - and she corrupted", "*ʿaḡḇātāh*": "noun + 3rd feminine singular suffix - her lust", "*ʾet*-*taznûtêhā*": "direct object marker + plural noun + 3rd feminine singular suffix - her harlotries", "*zənûnê*": "plural construct - harlotries of", "*ʾăḥôtāh*": "singular noun + 3rd feminine singular suffix - her sister" }, "variants": { "*wattašḥēt*": "she corrupted/was more corrupt in", "*ʿaḡḇātāh*": "her lust/inordinate affection", "*taznûtêhā*": "her harlotries/prostitutions", "*zənûnê*": "harlotries/prostitutions/fornications of" } } 12 { "verseID": "Ezekiel.23.12", "source": "אֶל־בְּנֵי֩ אַשּׁ֨וּר עָגָ֜בָה פַּח֨וֹת וּסְגָנִ֤ים קְרֹבִים֙ לְבֻשֵׁ֣י מִכְל֔וֹל פָּרָשִׁ֖ים רֹכְבֵ֣י סוּסִ֑ים בַּח֥וּרֵי חֶ֖מֶד כֻּלָּֽם׃", "text": "Unto-*bənê* *ʾaššûr* *ʿāḡāḇâ* *paḥôt* and *səḡānîm* *qərōḇîm* *ləḇušê* *miḵlôl* *pārāšîm* *rōḵəḇê* *sûsîm* *baḥûrê* *ḥemed* all of them", "grammar": { "*bənê*": "masculine plural construct - sons of", "*ʾaššûr*": "proper noun - Assyria", "*ʿāḡāḇâ*": "3rd feminine singular Qal perfect - she lusted after", "*paḥôt*": "masculine plural noun - governors", "*səḡānîm*": "masculine plural noun - officials/rulers", "*qərōḇîm*": "masculine plural adjective - neighboring/near", "*ləḇušê*": "masculine plural construct - clothed in/wearing", "*miḵlôl*": "masculine singular noun - perfection/splendor", "*pārāšîm*": "masculine plural noun - horsemen", "*rōḵəḇê*": "masculine plural construct participle - riders of", "*sûsîm*": "masculine plural noun - horses", "*baḥûrê*": "masculine plural construct - young men of", "*ḥemed*": "masculine singular noun - desire/delight" }, "variants": { "*paḥôt*": "governors/captains/officials", "*səḡānîm*": "prefects/rulers/officials", "*miḵlôl*": "perfection/splendor/gorgeous clothing", "*baḥûrê*": "young men/choice men", "*ḥemed*": "desire/desirability/handsome" } } 13 { "verseID": "Ezekiel.23.13", "source": "וָאֵ֖רֶא כִּ֣י נִטְמָ֑אָה דֶּ֥רֶךְ אֶחָ֖ד לִשְׁתֵּיהֶֽן׃", "text": "And *wāʾēreʾ* that *niṭmāʾâ* *dereḵ* *ʾeḥād* for both of them", "grammar": { "*wāʾēreʾ*": "1st singular Qal waw-consecutive imperfect of *rāʾâ* - and I saw", "*niṭmāʾâ*": "3rd feminine singular Niphal perfect - she was defiled", "*dereḵ*": "masculine singular construct - way of", "*ʾeḥād*": "numeral - one", "*lištêhen*": "preposition + dual feminine noun + 3rd feminine plural suffix - for both of them" }, "variants": { "*niṭmāʾâ*": "she was defiled/polluted/made unclean", "*dereḵ*": "way/path/manner" } } 14 { "verseID": "Ezekiel.23.14", "source": "וַתּ֖וֹסֶף אֶל־תַּזְנוּתֶ֑יהָ וַתֵּ֗רֶא אַנְשֵׁי֙ מְחֻקֶּ֣ה עַל־הַקִּ֔יר צַלְמֵ֣י כַשְׂדִּ֔ים חֲקֻקִ֖ים בַּשָּׁשַֽׁר׃", "text": "And *wattôsef* unto-*taznûtêhā* and *wattēreʾ* *ʾanšê* *məḥuqqeh* upon-*haqqîr* *ṣalmê* *kaśdîm* *ḥăquqîm* in *baššāšar*", "grammar": { "*wattôsef*": "3rd feminine singular waw-consecutive imperfect of *yāsap* - and she added", "*taznûtêhā*": "plural noun + 3rd feminine singular suffix - her harlotries", "*wattēreʾ*": "3rd feminine singular waw-consecutive imperfect of *rāʾâ* - and she saw", "*ʾanšê*": "masculine plural construct - men of", "*məḥuqqeh*": "passive participle - portrayed/drawn/carved", "*haqqîr*": "definite article + masculine singular noun - the wall", "*ṣalmê*": "masculine plural construct - images of", "*kaśdîm*": "proper noun - Chaldeans", "*ḥăquqîm*": "masculine plural Qal passive participle - carved/engraved", "*baššāšar*": "preposition + definite article + noun - in the vermilion/red ochre" }, "variants": { "*wattôsef*": "she increased/added to", "*məḥuqqeh*": "portrayed/drawn/carved", "*ṣalmê*": "images/likenesses/figures", "*ḥăquqîm*": "carved/engraved/portrayed", "*baššāšar*": "in vermilion/red ochre/bright red color" } } 15 { "verseID": "Ezekiel.23.15", "source": "חֲגוֹרֵ֨י אֵז֜וֹר בְּמָתְנֵיהֶ֗ם סְרוּחֵ֤י טְבוּלִים֙ בְּרָ֣אשֵׁיהֶ֔ם מַרְאֵ֥ה שָׁלִשִׁ֖ים כֻּלָּ֑ם דְּמ֤וּת בְּנֵֽי־בָבֶל֙ כַּשְׂדִּ֔ים אֶ֖רֶץ מוֹלַדְתָּֽם׃", "text": "*ḥăḡôrê* *ʾēzôr* in *bəmātnêhem* *sərûḥê* *ṭəḇûlîm* in *bərāʾšêhem* *marʾēh* *šālišîm* all of them *dəmût* *bənê*-*ḇāḇel* *kaśdîm* *ʾereṣ* *môladtām*", "grammar": { "*ḥăḡôrê*": "masculine plural construct - girded with", "*ʾēzôr*": "masculine singular noun - belt/girdle", "*bəmātnêhem*": "preposition + masculine plural noun + 3rd masculine plural suffix - around their loins", "*sərûḥê*": "masculine plural construct - hanging down/flowing", "*ṭəḇûlîm*": "masculine plural noun - turbans/dyed attire", "*bərāʾšêhem*": "preposition + masculine plural noun + 3rd masculine plural suffix - on their heads", "*marʾēh*": "masculine singular construct - appearance of", "*šālišîm*": "masculine plural noun - officers", "*dəmût*": "feminine singular construct - likeness of", "*bənê*-*ḇāḇel*": "masculine plural construct + proper noun - sons of Babylon", "*kaśdîm*": "proper noun - Chaldeans", "*ʾereṣ*": "feminine singular construct - land of", "*môladtām*": "feminine singular noun + 3rd masculine plural suffix - their nativity/birth" }, "variants": { "*ḥăḡôrê*": "girded with/wearing", "*ʾēzôr*": "belt/girdle/waistband", "*sərûḥê*": "hanging down/flowing/redundant", "*ṭəḇûlîm*": "turbans/dyed attire/colored headdresses", "*marʾēh*": "appearance/sight/vision", "*šālišîm*": "officers/captains/nobles", "*dəmût*": "likeness/appearance/similitude", "*môladtām*": "their nativity/birthplace/native land" } } 16 { "verseID": "Ezekiel.23.16", "source": "וַתַּעְגְּבָ֥ה עֲלֵיהֶ֖ם לְמַרְאֵ֣ה עֵינֶ֑יהָ וַתִּשְׁלַ֧ח מַלְאָכִ֛ים אֲלֵיהֶ֖ם כַּשְׂדִּֽימָה׃", "text": "And *wattaʿgəbâ* upon them to *marʾēh* *ʿênêhā* and *wattišlaḥ* *malʾāḵîm* to them *kaśdîmâ*", "grammar": { "*wattaʿgəbâ*": "3rd feminine singular waw-consecutive imperfect of *ʿāgaḇ* - and she lusted after", "*marʾēh*": "masculine singular construct - sight of", "*ʿênêhā*": "plural noun + 3rd feminine singular suffix - her eyes", "*wattišlaḥ*": "3rd feminine singular waw-consecutive imperfect of *šālaḥ* - and she sent", "*malʾāḵîm*": "masculine plural noun - messengers", "*kaśdîmâ*": "proper noun + directional he - to Chaldea" }, "variants": { "*wattaʿgəbâ*": "she lusted after/doted upon", "*marʾēh*": "sight/appearance/vision", "*malʾāḵîm*": "messengers/envoys/ambassadors", "*kaśdîmâ*": "to Chaldea/toward the land of the Chaldeans" } } 17 { "verseID": "Ezekiel.23.17", "source": "וַיָּבֹ֨אוּ אֵלֶ֤יהָ בְנֵֽי־בָבֶל֙ לְמִשְׁכַּ֣ב דֹּדִ֔ים וַיְטַמְּא֥וּ אוֹתָ֖הּ בְּתַזְנוּתָ֑ם וַתִּ֨טְמָא־בָ֔ם וַתֵּ֥קַע נַפְשָׁ֖הּ מֵהֶֽם׃", "text": "And *wayyāḇōʾû* to her *bənê*-*ḇāḇel* to *miškab* *dōdîm* and *wayəṭamməʾû* her in *bətaznûtām* and *wattiṭmāʾ*-in them and *wattēqaʿ* *nafšāh* from them", "grammar": { "*wayyāḇōʾû*": "3rd plural masculine waw-consecutive imperfect of *bôʾ* - and they came", "*bənê*-*ḇāḇel*": "masculine plural construct + proper noun - sons of Babylon", "*miškab*": "masculine singular construct - bed of", "*dōdîm*": "masculine plural noun - loves/carnal love", "*wayəṭamməʾû*": "3rd plural masculine waw-consecutive imperfect of *ṭāmēʾ* - and they defiled", "*bətaznûtām*": "preposition + feminine plural noun + 3rd masculine plural suffix - with their fornication", "*wattiṭmāʾ*": "3rd feminine singular waw-consecutive imperfect of *ṭāmēʾ* - and she was defiled", "*wattēqaʿ*": "3rd feminine singular waw-consecutive imperfect of *yāqaʿ* - and she turned away", "*nafšāh*": "feminine singular noun + 3rd feminine singular suffix - her soul", "*mēhem*": "preposition + 3rd masculine plural suffix - from them" }, "variants": { "*miškab*": "bed/couch/place of lying", "*dōdîm*": "loves/caresses/sexual relations", "*wayəṭamməʾû*": "they defiled/polluted/made unclean", "*wattiṭmāʾ*": "she was defiled/polluted/made unclean", "*wattēqaʿ*": "she turned away/alienated/was disgusted with", "*nafšāh*": "her soul/desire/mind" } } 18 { "verseID": "Ezekiel.23.18", "source": "וַתְּגַל֙ תַּזְנוּתֶ֔יהָ וַתְּגַ֖ל אֶת־עֶרְוָתָ֑הּ וַתֵּ֤קַע נַפְשִׁי֙ מֵֽעָלֶ֔יהָ כַּאֲשֶׁ֛ר נָקְעָ֥ה נַפְשִׁ֖י מֵעַ֥ל אֲחוֹתָֽהּ׃", "text": "And *wattəḡal* *taznûtêhā* and *wattəḡal* *ʾet*-*ʿerwātāh* and *wattēqaʿ* *nafšî* from upon her as *nāqəʿâ* *nafšî* from upon *ʾăḥôtāh*", "grammar": { "*wattəḡal*": "3rd feminine singular waw-consecutive imperfect of *gālâ* - and she uncovered/revealed", "*taznûtêhā*": "plural noun + 3rd feminine singular suffix - her harlotries", "*ʾet*-*ʿerwātāh*": "direct object marker + feminine singular noun + 3rd feminine singular suffix - her nakedness", "*wattēqaʿ*": "3rd feminine singular waw-consecutive imperfect of *yāqaʿ* - and was alienated", "*nafšî*": "feminine singular noun + 1st singular suffix - my soul", "*nāqəʿâ*": "3rd feminine singular Qal perfect - was alienated", "*ʾăḥôtāh*": "feminine singular noun + 3rd feminine singular suffix - her sister" }, "variants": { "*wattəḡal*": "she uncovered/revealed/exposed", "*taznûtêhā*": "her harlotries/prostitutions/unfaithfulness", "*ʿerwātāh*": "her nakedness/shame/genitals", "*wattēqaʿ*": "was alienated/turned away/became disgusted", "*nafšî*": "my soul/mind/desire", "*nāqəʿâ*": "was alienated/turned away/became disgusted" } } 19 { "verseID": "Ezekiel.23.19", "source": "וַתַּרְבֶּ֖ה אֶת־תַּזְנוּתֶ֑יהָ לִזְכֹּר֙ אֶת־יְמֵ֣י נְעוּרֶ֔יהָ אֲשֶׁ֥ר זָנְתָ֖ה בְּאֶ֥רֶץ מִצְרָֽיִם׃", "text": "And she *tarbeh* [increased] *ʾet*-*taznûteyhā* [her prostitutions] *lizkōr* *ʾet*-*yᵊmê* *nᵊʿûreyhā* [days of her youth] *ʾăšer* *zāntāh* [in which she prostituted] in *ʾereṣ* *miṣrāyim* [land of Egypt].", "grammar": { "*tarbeh*": "Hiphil imperfect 3rd feminine singular - multiplied/increased", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*taznûteyhā*": "feminine plural noun with 3rd feminine singular possessive suffix - her acts of prostitution/harlotry", "*lizkōr*": "Qal infinitive construct with preposition lamed - to remember/recall", "*yᵊmê*": "construct masculine plural of *yôm* (day)", "*nᵊʿûreyhā*": "masculine plural noun with 3rd feminine singular possessive suffix - her youth", "*ʾăšer*": "relative pronoun - which/that/when", "*zāntāh*": "Qal perfect 3rd feminine singular - she played the harlot/prostituted herself", "*ʾereṣ*": "construct state - land/country of", "*miṣrāyim*": "proper noun - Egypt" }, "variants": { "*tarbeh*": "multiply/increase/make abundant", "*taznûteyhā*": "her prostitutions/harlotries/fornications", "*lizkōr*": "to remember/recall/bring to mind", "*nᵊʿûreyhā*": "her youth/young womanhood", "*zāntāh*": "played the harlot/prostituted herself/committed fornication" } } 20 { "verseID": "Ezekiel.23.20", "source": "וַֽתַּעְגְּבָ֔ה עַ֖ל פִּֽלַגְשֵׁיהֶ֑ם אֲשֶׁ֤ר בְּשַׂר־חֲמוֹרִים֙ בְּשָׂרָ֔ם וְזִרְמַ֥ת סוּסִ֖ים זִרְמָתָֽם׃", "text": "And she *taʿgᵊbāh* [lusted] *ʿal* *pilagšêhem* [after their paramours] *ʾăšer* *bᵊśar*-*ḥămôrîm* *bᵊśārām* [whose flesh is like donkeys' flesh] and *zirmat* *sûsîm* *zirmātām* [emission of horses is their emission].", "grammar": { "*taʿgᵊbāh*": "Qal imperfect 3rd feminine singular with waw consecutive - she lusted/had inordinate affection", "*ʿal*": "preposition - upon/after/concerning", "*pilagšêhem*": "masculine plural noun with 3rd masculine plural possessive suffix - their concubines/paramours", "*ʾăšer*": "relative pronoun - which/that/who", "*bᵊśar*": "construct state - flesh of", "*ḥămôrîm*": "masculine plural noun - donkeys", "*bᵊśārām*": "masculine singular noun with 3rd masculine plural possessive suffix - their flesh", "*zirmat*": "construct state - emission/discharge/flow of", "*sûsîm*": "masculine plural noun - horses", "*zirmātām*": "feminine singular noun with 3rd masculine plural possessive suffix - their emission" }, "variants": { "*taʿgᵊbāh*": "lusted after/doted upon/had inordinate affection", "*pilagšêhem*": "their paramours/concubines/lovers", "*bᵊśar*": "flesh/body/male organ", "*zirmat*": "emission/discharge/ejaculation", "*zirmātām*": "their emission/discharge/ejaculation" } } 21 { "verseID": "Ezekiel.23.21", "source": "וַֽתִּפְקְדִ֔י אֵ֖ת זִמַּ֣ת נְעוּרָ֑יִךְ בַּעְשׂ֤וֹת מִמִּצְרַ֙יִם֙ דַּדַּ֔יִךְ לְמַ֖עַן שְׁדֵ֥י נְעוּרָֽיִךְ׃", "text": "And you *tipqᵊdî* [revisited] *ʾēt* *zimmat* *nᵊʿûrāyik* [lewdness of your youth] when *baʿśôt* *mimmiṣrayim* *daddayik* [the Egyptians handled your breasts] *lᵊmaʿan* *šᵊdê* *nᵊʿûrāyik* [because of the bosom of your youth].", "grammar": { "*tipqᵊdî*": "Qal imperfect 2nd feminine singular with waw consecutive - you visited/attended to/looked after", "*ʾēt*": "direct object marker", "*zimmat*": "construct state - lewdness/wickedness/plan of", "*nᵊʿûrāyik*": "masculine plural noun with 2nd feminine singular possessive suffix - your youth", "*baʿśôt*": "Qal infinitive construct with preposition bet - in/when doing/handling", "*mimmiṣrayim*": "proper noun with preposition min - from/by Egypt", "*daddayik*": "masculine dual noun with 2nd feminine singular possessive suffix - your breasts", "*lᵊmaʿan*": "preposition - for the sake of/because of", "*šᵊdê*": "construct state - breasts/bosom of", "*nᵊʿûrāyik*": "masculine plural noun with 2nd feminine singular possessive suffix - your youth" }, "variants": { "*tipqᵊdî*": "visited/attended to/sought after/revisited", "*zimmat*": "lewdness/wickedness/depravity", "*nᵊʿûrāyik*": "your youth/young womanhood", "*baʿśôt*": "when handling/fondling/caressing", "*daddayik*": "your breasts/nipples", "*šᵊdê*": "breasts/bosom/chest" } }
• Ezek 23:31-32 : 31 { "verseID": "Ezekiel.23.31", "source": "בְּדֶ֥רֶךְ אֲחוֹתֵ֖ךְ הָלָ֑כְתְּ וְנָתַתִּ֥י כוֹסָ֖הּ בְּיָדֵֽךְ׃", "text": "In *derek* *ʾăḥôtēk* [the way of your sister] *hālākt* [you have walked]; and I will *nātattî* [give] *kôsāh* [her cup] *bᵊyādēk* [into your hand].", "grammar": { "*derek*": "construct masculine singular - way/path of", "*ʾăḥôtēk*": "feminine singular noun with 2nd feminine singular suffix - your sister", "*hālākt*": "Qal perfect 2nd feminine singular - you walked/went", "*nātattî*": "Qal perfect 1st person singular with waw consecutive - I will give/place", "*kôsāh*": "feminine singular noun with 3rd feminine singular suffix - her cup", "*bᵊyādēk*": "feminine singular noun with 2nd feminine singular suffix and preposition bet - into your hand" }, "variants": { "*derek*": "way/path/manner", "*ʾăḥôtēk*": "your sister/relative", "*hālākt*": "you walked/went/followed", "*kôsāh*": "her cup/fate/portion", "*bᵊyādēk*": "into your hand/power/control" } } 32 { "verseID": "Ezekiel.23.32", "source": "כֹּ֤ה אָמַר֙ אֲדֹנָ֣י יְהֹוִ֔ה כּ֤וֹס אֲחוֹתֵךְ֙ תִּשְׁתִּ֔י הָעֲמֻקָּ֖ה וְהָרְחָבָ֑ה תִּהְיֶ֥ה לִצְחֹ֛ק וּלְלַ֖עַג מִרְבָּ֥ה לְהָכִֽיל׃", "text": "Thus *kōh* *ʾāmar* *ʾădōnāy* *yᵊhwih* [says the Lord YHWH]: *kôs* *ʾăḥôtēk* [The cup of your sister] *tištî* [you shall drink], *hāʿămuqqāh* and *hārᵊḥābāh* [the deep and the wide]; *tihyeh* [it shall be] *liṣḥōq* and *lᵊlaʿag* [for scorn and for derision]; *mirbāh* *lᵊhākîl* [much to contain].", "grammar": { "*kōh*": "adverb - thus/so", "*ʾāmar*": "Qal perfect 3rd masculine singular - said/declared", "*ʾădōnāy*": "noun with 1st person plural possessive suffix (formal) - my Lord", "*yᵊhwih*": "proper noun - YHWH (divine name)", "*kôs*": "construct feminine singular - cup of", "*ʾăḥôtēk*": "feminine singular noun with 2nd feminine singular suffix - your sister", "*tištî*": "Qal imperfect 2nd feminine singular - you will drink", "*hāʿămuqqāh*": "feminine singular adjective with definite article - the deep", "*hārᵊḥābāh*": "feminine singular adjective with definite article - the wide", "*tihyeh*": "Qal imperfect 3rd feminine singular - it will be", "*liṣḥōq*": "masculine singular noun with preposition lamed - for scorn/laughter", "*lᵊlaʿag*": "masculine singular noun with preposition lamed - for derision/mockery", "*mirbāh*": "feminine singular adjective - much/abundant", "*lᵊhākîl*": "Hiphil infinitive construct with preposition lamed - to contain/hold" }, "variants": { "*kôs*": "cup/vessel/portion", "*ʾăḥôtēk*": "your sister/relative", "*tištî*": "you will drink/consume/endure", "*hāʿămuqqāh*": "the deep/profound", "*hārᵊḥābāh*": "the wide/broad/large", "*liṣḥōq*": "for scorn/laughter/ridicule", "*lᵊlaʿag*": "for derision/mockery/scoffing", "*mirbāh*": "much/abundant/great", "*lᵊhākîl*": "to contain/hold/receive" } }
• Hos 2:13 : 13 { "verseID": "Hosea.2.13", "source": "‫וְהִשְׁבַּתִּי֙ כָּל־מְשׂוֹשָׂ֔הּ חַגָּ֖הּ חָדְשָׁ֣הּ וְשַׁבַּתָּ֑הּ וְכֹ֖ל מוֹעֲדָֽהּ׃‬", "text": "And *hišbattî* all-*məśôśāh*, *ḥaggāh*, *ḥodšāh* and *šabbattāh*, and all *môʿădāh*.", "grammar": { "*hišbattî*": "hiphil perfect, 1st singular - I will cause to cease", "*məśôśāh*": "noun + pronominal suffix, 3rd singular, feminine - her joy", "*ḥaggāh*": "noun + pronominal suffix, 3rd singular, feminine - her feast", "*ḥodšāh*": "noun + pronominal suffix, 3rd singular, feminine - her new moon", "*šabbattāh*": "noun + pronominal suffix, 3rd singular, feminine - her sabbath", "*môʿădāh*": "noun + pronominal suffix, 3rd singular, feminine - her appointed time" }, "variants": { "*hišbattî*": "I will cause to cease/end/terminate", "*məśôśāh*": "her joy/rejoicing/mirth", "*ḥaggāh*": "her feast/festival/celebration", "*ḥodšāh*": "her new moon (festival)", "*šabbattāh*": "her sabbath/day of rest", "*môʿădāh*": "her appointed time/festival/assembly" } }