Verse 1

{ "verseID": "Hosea.9.1", "source": "אַל־תִּשְׂמַ֨ח יִשְׂרָאֵ֤ל ׀ אֶל־גִּיל֙ כָּֽעַמִּ֔ים כִּ֥י זָנִ֖יתָ מֵעַ֣ל אֱלֹהֶ֑יךָ אָהַ֣בְתָּ אֶתְנָ֔ן עַ֖ל כָּל־גָּרְנ֥וֹת דָּגָֽן׃", "text": "Not *tiśmaḥ* *yiśrāʾēl* to *gîl* like-the-*ʿammîm* because *zānîtā* from-upon *ʾĕlōhêkā*; *ʾāhabtā* *ʾetnān* upon all-*gornôt* of-*dāgān*.", "grammar": { "*tiśmaḥ*": "qal imperfect 2nd masculine singular with negative particle - 'do not rejoice'", "*yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun, vocative - 'Israel' (addressed)", "*gîl*": "infinitive construct - 'rejoicing/joy'", "*ʿammîm*": "masculine plural noun - 'peoples/nations'", "*zānîtā*": "qal perfect 2nd masculine singular - 'you committed fornication/were unfaithful'", "*ʾĕlōhêkā*": "masculine singular noun with 2nd masculine singular possessive suffix - 'your God'", "*ʾāhabtā*": "qal perfect 2nd masculine singular - 'you loved'", "*ʾetnān*": "noun - 'payment/hire (for prostitution)'", "*gornôt*": "plural construct form of *gōren* - 'threshing floors of'", "*dāgān*": "masculine singular noun - 'grain/corn'" }, "variants": { "*gîl*": "rejoicing/joy/exultation", "*zānîtā*": "you committed prostitution/were unfaithful/played the harlot", "*ʾetnān*": "payment for prostitution/hire/wages of prostitution", "*gornôt*": "threshing floors/granaries", "*dāgān*": "grain/corn/wheat" } }

Other Translations

• GT, oversatt fra Hebraisk

  Israel, gled deg ikke som de andre folkene; for du har sviktet din Gud. Du har vært utro mot ham og latt deg forføre av det meningsløse, noe som har ført deg til ruin.

• Moderne oversettelse av Bibelen fra 1611 KJV med hebraisk kontekst

  Gled deg ikke, Israel, som andre folk, for du har vendt deg bort fra din Gud som en utro. Du har elsket belønningen ved hvert kornstykke.

• Norsk King James

  Gled dere ikke, O Israel, som de andre folk; for dere har vært utro mot deres Gud, og dere har elsket belønningen fra kornåkeren.

• Modernisert Norsk Bibel 1866

  Israel, ikke gled deg som de andre folkene, for du har vært utro mot din Gud. Du elsker betaling for utroskap på alle kornloftene.

• Oversettelse av hebraiske Bibeltekster til moderne norsk bokmål

  Israel, gled deg ikke som de andre folkene, for du har vært utro mot din Gud. Du har elsket belønningene på alle kornlåvene.

• Bibelen: En Moderne Oversettelse av King James Version 1611

  Gled deg ikke, Israel, som andre folk, for du har vendt deg bort fra din Gud og begjært belønning på hver treskeplass.

• o3-mini KJV Norsk

  Gled deg ikke, Israel, slik som andre folk; for du har vært utro mot din Gud, og du har elsket belønningen som finnes i hver kornbod.

• En Moderne Oversettelse av King James Version 1611 (mar 2025)

  Gled deg ikke, Israel, som andre folk, for du har vendt deg bort fra din Gud og begjært belønning på hver treskeplass.

• Lingvistisk bibeloversettelse fra grunntekst

  Ikke gled deg, Israel, som folkene, for du har vært utro mot din Gud. Du elsket betaling på alle treskeplasser for kornet.

• Linguistic Bible Translation from Source Texts

  Do not rejoice, Israel, like other nations, for you have been unfaithful to your God. You have loved the wages of a prostitute on every threshing floor of grain.

• GT, oversatt fra hebraisk Aug2024

  Gled deg ikke, Israel, som andre folk, for du har vært utro mot din Gud. Du har elsket lønn for utroskap på alle kornanker.

• Original Norsk Bibel 1866

  Israel! glæd dig ikke til (din) Fryd som Folkene, thi du haver bedrevet Horeri (og vendt) dig fra din Gud; du elsker Horeløn paa alle Kornloer.

• King James Version 1769 (Standard Version)

  Rejoice not, O Israel, for joy, as other people: for tu hast gone a wring from thy God, tu hast loved a reward upon every cornfloor.

• KJV 1769 norsk

  Gled deg ikke, Israel, som andre folk, for du har vendt deg bort fra din Gud og elsket betaling på hvert kornloft.

• KJV1611 - Moderne engelsk

  Do not rejoice, O Israel, like other peoples, for you have gone astray from your God; you have loved a reward upon every threshing floor.

• King James Version 1611 (Original)

  Rejoice not, O Israel, for joy, as other people: for thou hast gone a whoring from thy God, thou hast loved a reward upon every cornfloor.

• Norsk oversettelse av Webster

  Ikke gled deg, Israel, som nasjonene gjør. For du har vært utro mot din Gud. Du elsker å få betalt som en prostituert på hvert treskeplass.

• Norsk oversettelse av Youngs Literal Translation

  Ikke gled deg, Israel, ikke vær jubelglad som folkene, for du har vært utro mot din Gud, du har elsket gaver ved alle kornets treskeplasser.

• Norsk oversettelse av ASV1901

  Gled deg ikke, Israel, som de andre folkene; for du har vært utro mot din Gud; du har elsket belønningen på hver kornlåve.

• Norsk oversettelse av BBE

  Frykt ikke, Israel, og gled deg ikke som nasjonene; for du har vært utro mot din Gud; du har ønsket lønn fra løsaktige kvinner på alle treskeplasser.

• Coverdale Bible (1535)

  Do not thou triumphe (O Israel) make no boostinge more then the Heithen, for thou hast comitted aduoutry agaynst yi God: straunge rewardes hast thou loued, more the all corne floores.

• Geneva Bible (1560)

  Reioyce not, O Israel for ioy as other people: for thou hast gone a whoring from thy God: thou hast loued a rewarde vpon euery corne floore.

• Bishops' Bible (1568)

  Do not thou triumph O Israel, make no boastyng ouer ioyous thinges as do the heathen: for thou hast committed adulterie agaynst thy God, whorishe rewardes hast thou loued more then all the corne floores.

• Authorized King James Version (1611)

  ¶ Rejoice not, O Israel, for joy, as [other] people: for thou hast gone a whoring from thy God, thou hast loved a reward upon every cornfloor.

• Webster's Bible (1833)

  Don't rejoice, Israel, to jubilation like the nations; For you were unfaithful to your God. You love the wages of a prostitute at every grain threshing floor.

• Young's Literal Translation (1862/1898)

  `Rejoice not, O Israel, be not joyful like the peoples, For thou hast gone a-whoring from thy God, Thou hast loved a gift near all floors of corn.

• American Standard Version (1901)

  Rejoice not, O Israel, for joy, like the peoples; for thou hast played the harlot, [departing] from thy God; thou hast loved hire upon every grain-floor.

• Bible in Basic English (1941)

  Have no joy, O Israel, and do not be glad like the nations; for you have been untrue to your God; your desire has been for the loose woman's reward on every grain-floor.

• World English Bible (2000)

  Don't rejoice, Israel, to jubilation like the nations; for you were unfaithful to your God. You love the wages of a prostitute at every grain threshing floor.

• NET Bible® (New English Translation)

  Fertility Cult Festivals Have Intoxicated Israel O Israel, do not rejoice jubilantly like the nations, for you are unfaithful to your God. You love to receive a prostitute’s wages on all the floors where you thresh your grain.

Referenced Verses

• Hos 10:5 : 5 { "verseID": "Hosea.10.5", "source": "לְעֶגְלוֹת֙ בֵּ֣ית אָ֔וֶן יָג֖וּרוּ שְׁכַ֣ן שֹֽׁמְר֑וֹן כִּי־אָבַ֨ל עָלָ֜יו עַמּ֗וֹ וּכְמָרָיו֙ עָלָ֣יו יָגִ֔ילוּ עַל־כְּבוֹד֖וֹ כִּֽי־גָלָ֥ה מִמֶּֽנּוּ׃", "text": "For *ʿeglôt* of *bêt ʾāwen* they *yāgûrû* [the] *šəkan* of *Šōmərôn*; for *ʾābal* over it its people, and its *kəmārāyw* over it they *yāgîlû* over its *kəbôdô*, for *gālāh* from it.", "grammar": { "*ʿeglôt*": "noun, feminine, plural construct - calves/heifers", "*bêt ʾāwen*": "proper noun - Beth-aven (House of Vanity/Wickedness)", "*yāgûrû*": "verb, Qal, imperfect, 3rd person, masculine, plural - they fear/dread", "*šəkan*": "noun, masculine, singular construct - inhabitant(s)", "*Šōmərôn*": "proper noun - Samaria", "*ʾābal*": "verb, Qal, perfect, 3rd person, masculine, singular - he mourns", "*kəmārāyw*": "noun, masculine, plural construct with 3rd person, masculine, singular suffix - its idolatrous priests", "*yāgîlû*": "verb, Qal, imperfect, 3rd person, masculine, plural - they rejoice/tremble", "*kəbôdô*": "noun, masculine, singular with 3rd person, masculine, singular suffix - its glory", "*gālāh*": "verb, Qal, perfect, 3rd person, masculine, singular - it departed/was exiled" }, "variants": { "*yāgûrû*": "they fear/dread/gather", "*yāgîlû*": "they rejoice/tremble/mourn", "*ʿeglôt*": "calves/heifers (referring to idols)", "*kəmārāyw*": "idolatrous priests/black-robed priests" } }
• Jer 44:17 : 17 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.44.17", "source": "כִּי֩ עָשֹׂ֨ה נַעֲשֶׂ֜ה אֶֽת־כָּל־הַדָּבָ֣ר ׀ אֲשֶׁר־יָצָ֣א מִפִּ֗ינוּ לְקַטֵּ֞ר לִמְלֶ֣כֶת הַשָּׁמָיִם֮ וְהַסֵּֽיךְ־לָ֣הּ נְסָכִים֒ כַּאֲשֶׁ֨ר עָשִׂ֜ינוּ אֲנַ֤חְנוּ וַאֲבֹתֵ֙ינוּ֙ מְלָכֵ֣ינוּ וְשָׂרֵ֔ינוּ בְּעָרֵ֣י יְהוּדָ֔ה וּבְחֻצ֖וֹת יְרוּשָׁלָ֑͏ִם וַנִּֽשְׂבַּֽע־לֶ֙חֶם֙ וַנִּֽהְיֶ֣ה טוֹבִ֔ים וְרָעָ֖ה לֹ֥א רָאִֽינוּ׃", "text": "For *ʿāśōh naʿăśeh* *ʾet-kol-haddābār* which *yāṣāʾ* from *pînû* to *ləqaṭṭēr* to *meleket haššāmayim* and *hassêk-lāh nəsākîm*, as *kaʾăšer ʿāśînû ʾănaḥnû* and our *ʾăbōtênû*, our *məlākênû* and our *śārênû* in the cities of *yəhûdāh* and in the streets of *yərûšālāim*, and *wanniśbaʿ-leḥem* and *wannihyeh ṭôbîm* and *rāʿāh* not *rāʾînû*.", "grammar": { "*ʿāśōh naʿăśeh*": "qal infinitive absolute + qal imperfect 1st person plural - we will certainly do", "*ʾet-kol-haddābār*": "direct object marker + noun masculine singular - the whole word/matter", "*yāṣāʾ*": "qal perfect 3rd masculine singular - came out/proceeded", "*pînû*": "noun masculine singular construct + 1st person plural suffix - our mouth", "*ləqaṭṭēr*": "preposition + piel infinitive construct - to burn incense/sacrifice", "*meleket*": "noun feminine singular construct - queen of", "*haššāmayim*": "definite article + noun masculine plural - the heavens", "*hassêk-lāh*": "hiphil infinitive construct + preposition + 3rd feminine singular suffix - pour out to her", "*nəsākîm*": "noun masculine plural - drink offerings/libations", "*ʿāśînû*": "qal perfect 1st person plural - we did", "*ʾănaḥnû*": "first person plural pronoun - we", "*ʾăbōtênû*": "noun masculine plural construct + 1st person plural suffix - our fathers", "*məlākênû*": "noun masculine plural construct + 1st person plural suffix - our kings", "*śārênû*": "noun masculine plural construct + 1st person plural suffix - our princes/officials", "*wanniśbaʿ-leḥem*": "conjunction + qal imperfect 1st person plural consecutive + noun masculine singular - and we were satisfied with bread", "*wannihyeh*": "conjunction + qal imperfect 1st person plural consecutive - and we were", "*ṭôbîm*": "adjective masculine plural - good/well", "*rāʿāh*": "noun feminine singular - evil/distress/misery", "*rāʾînû*": "qal perfect 1st person plural - we saw/experienced" }, "variants": { "*ʿāśōh naʿăśeh*": "we will surely do/we will definitely do/we must do", "*meleket haššāmayim*": "queen of heaven/work of heaven", "*nəsākîm*": "drink offerings/libations/liquid offerings", "*śārênû*": "princes/officials/nobles/leaders", "*śābaʿ*": "to be satisfied/filled/have enough", "*ṭôbîm*": "good/prosperous/well-off", "*rāʿāh*": "evil/calamity/distress/misfortune" } }
• Hos 4:12 : 12 { "verseID": "Hosea.4.12", "source": "עַמִּי֙ בְּעֵצ֣וֹ יִשְׁאָ֔ל וּמַקְל֖וֹ יַגִּ֣יד ל֑וֹ כִּ֣י ר֤וּחַ זְנוּנִים֙ הִתְעָ֔ה וַיִּזְנ֖וּ מִתַּ֥חַת אֱלֹהֵיהֶֽם׃", "text": "*ʿammî* *bə-ʿēṣô* *yišʾāl* *û-maqlô* *yaggîd* *lô* *kî* *rûaḥ* *zənûnîm* *hitʿâ* *wa-yiznû* *mi-ttaḥat* *ʾĕlōhêhem*", "grammar": { "*ʿammî*": "noun + 1st person singular suffix - my people", "*bə-ʿēṣô*": "preposition + noun + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - in/with his wood/wooden idol", "*yišʾāl*": "imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - he asks/inquires", "*û-maqlô*": "conjunction + noun + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - and his staff/rod", "*yaggîd*": "imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular, hiphil - it tells/informs/declares", "*lô*": "preposition + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - to him", "*kî*": "conjunction - for/because", "*rûaḥ*": "noun, feminine singular construct - spirit of", "*zənûnîm*": "noun, masculine plural - harlotries/prostitutions", "*hitʿâ*": "perfect, 3rd person masculine singular, hiphil - it led astray", "*wa-yiznû*": "conjunction + imperfect, 3rd person masculine plural - and they commit fornication", "*mi-ttaḥat*": "preposition + preposition - from under", "*ʾĕlōhêhem*": "noun, masculine plural + 3rd person masculine plural suffix - their God" }, "variants": { "*ʿēṣ*": "wood/tree/wooden idol", "*šāʾal*": "ask/inquire/request", "*maqqēl*": "staff/rod/stick/divining rod", "*nāgad* (hiphil)": "tell/inform/declare/announce", "*rûaḥ*": "spirit/wind/breath", "*zənûnîm*": "harlotry/prostitution/unfaithfulness", "*tāʿâ* (hiphil)": "lead astray/cause to wander/mislead", "*mi-ttaḥat*": "from under/from beneath" } }
• Hos 5:4 : 4 { "verseID": "Hosea.5.4", "source": "לֹ֤א יִתְּנוּ֙ מַ֣עַלְלֵיהֶ֔ם לָשׁ֖וּב אֶל־אֱלֹֽהֵיהֶ֑ם כִּ֣י ר֤וּחַ זְנוּנִים֙ בְּקִרְבָּ֔ם וְאֶת־יְהוָ֖ה לֹ֥א יָדָֽעוּ׃", "text": "Not *yittənû* *maʿalləlêhem* to-return to-*ʾĕlōhêhem*, for *rûaḥ* *zənûnîm* in-midst-of-them, *wə*-*ʾeṯ*-*YHWH* not *yāḏāʿû*.", "grammar": { "*yittənû*": "imperfect, 3rd person masculine plural - they give/allow", "*maʿalləlêhem*": "noun, masculine plural construct with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - their deeds/actions", "*ʾĕlōhêhem*": "noun, masculine plural construct with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - their God", "*rûaḥ*": "noun, feminine singular construct - spirit of", "*zənûnîm*": "noun, masculine plural - harlotries/fornications", "*wə*": "conjunction - and", "*ʾeṯ*": "direct object marker", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - LORD/Yahweh", "*yāḏāʿû*": "perfect, 3rd person masculine plural - they know/knew" }, "variants": { "*yittənû*": "they give/they allow/they permit", "*maʿalləlêhem*": "their deeds/their actions/their practices", "*rûaḥ*": "spirit/wind/breath", "*zənûnîm*": "harlotries/fornications/prostitutions/adulteries", "*yāḏāʿû*": "they know/they knew/they acknowledge" } }
• Hos 5:7 : 7 { "verseID": "Hosea.5.7", "source": "בַּיהוָ֣ה בָּגָ֔דוּ כִּֽי־בָנִ֥ים זָרִ֖ים יָלָ֑דוּ עַתָּ֛ה יֹאכְלֵ֥ם חֹ֖דֶשׁ אֶת־חֶלְקֵיהֶֽם׃ ס", "text": "Against-*YHWH* *bāḡāḏû* for-*ḇānîm* *zārîm* *yālāḏû*; *ʿattâ* *yōʾḵlēm* *ḥōḏeš* *ʾeṯ*-portions-of-them.", "grammar": { "*YHWH*": "proper noun - LORD/Yahweh", "*bāḡāḏû*": "perfect, 3rd person masculine plural - they have dealt treacherously", "*ḇānîm*": "noun, masculine plural - children/sons", "*zārîm*": "adjective, masculine plural - strange/foreign", "*yālāḏû*": "perfect, 3rd person masculine plural - they have borne/begotten", "*ʿattâ*": "adverb - now", "*yōʾḵlēm*": "imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - it will devour them", "*ḥōḏeš*": "noun, masculine singular - new moon/month", "*ʾeṯ*": "direct object marker" }, "variants": { "*bāḡāḏû*": "they have dealt treacherously/they have been faithless/they have betrayed", "*ḇānîm*": "children/sons", "*zārîm*": "strange/foreign/alien", "*yālāḏû*": "they have borne/they have begotten/they have given birth to", "*yōʾḵlēm*": "it will devour them/it will consume them", "*ḥōḏeš*": "new moon/month/lunar cycle" } }
• Isa 17:11 : 11 { "verseID": "Isaiah.17.11", "source": "בְּי֤וֹם נִטְעֵךְ֙ תְּשַׂגְשֵׂ֔גִי וּבַבֹּ֖קֶר זַרְעֵ֣ךְ תַּפְרִ֑יחִי נֵ֥ד קָצִ֛יר בְּי֥וֹם נַחֲלָ֖ה וּכְאֵ֥ב אָנֽוּשׁ׃", "text": "In-*yôm* *niṭʿēḵ* *təśagśēgî* *û-ḇabbōqer* *zarʿēḵ* *tap̄rîḥî* *nēḏ* *qāṣîr* in-*yôm* *naḥălāh* *û-ḵəʾēḇ* *ʾānûš*", "grammar": { "In-*yôm*": "preposition בְּ + noun, masculine singular construct - in day of", "*niṭʿēḵ*": "verb, Qal infinitive construct + 2nd feminine singular suffix - your planting", "*təśagśēgî*": "verb, Pilpel imperfect, 2nd feminine singular - you will make grow/flourish", "*û-ḇabbōqer*": "conjunction + preposition בְּ + definite article + noun, masculine singular - and in the morning", "*zarʿēḵ*": "noun, masculine singular + 2nd feminine singular suffix - your seed/planting", "*tap̄rîḥî*": "verb, Hiphil imperfect, 2nd feminine singular - you will cause to blossom", "*nēḏ*": "noun, masculine singular construct - heap of", "*qāṣîr*": "noun, masculine singular - harvest", "in-*yôm*": "preposition בְּ + noun, masculine singular construct - in day of", "*naḥălāh*": "noun, feminine singular - sickness/grief/inheritance", "*û-ḵəʾēḇ*": "conjunction + preposition כְּ + noun, masculine singular construct - and like pain of", "*ʾānûš*": "adjective, masculine singular - desperate/incurable" }, "variants": { "*təśagśēgî*": "make grow/flourish/hedge about", "*tap̄rîḥî*": "cause to blossom/sprout/flourish", "*nēḏ*": "heap/pile", "*naḥălāh*": "sickness/grief/inheritance/possession", "*ʾānûš*": "desperate/incurable/severe/grievous" } }
• Isa 22:12-13 : 12 { "verseID": "Isaiah.22.12", "source": "וַיִּקְרָ֗א אֲדֹנָ֧י יְהוִ֛ה צְבָא֖וֹת בַּיּ֣וֹם הַה֑וּא לִבְכִי֙ וּלְמִסְפֵּ֔ד וּלְקָרְחָ֖ה וְלַחֲגֹ֥ר שָֽׂק׃", "text": "And-*yiqrāʾ* *ʾᵃdōnāy* *YHWH* *ṣᵉbāʾôt* in-the-*yôm* the-that to-*bᵉkî* and-to-*mispēd* and-to-*qorḥāh* and-to-*ḥᵃgōr* *śāq*", "grammar": { "וַיִּקְרָ֗א": "conjunction + Qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular, apocopated - and he called", "*ʾᵃdōnāy*": "noun with 1st person plural suffix - my Lord", "*YHWH*": "divine name", "*ṣᵉbāʾôt*": "masculine plural - hosts/armies", "בַּיּ֣וֹם": "preposition + definite article + masculine singular - in the day", "הַה֑וּא": "definite article + demonstrative pronoun - that", "לִבְכִי֙": "preposition + masculine singular - to weeping", "וּלְמִסְפֵּ֔ד": "conjunction + preposition + masculine singular - and to mourning", "וּלְקָרְחָ֖ה": "conjunction + preposition + feminine singular - and to baldness", "וְלַחֲגֹ֥ר": "conjunction + preposition + Qal infinitive construct - and to gird", "*śāq*": "masculine singular - sackcloth" }, "variants": { "*yiqrāʾ*": "called/summoned/invited", "*ʾᵃdōnāy*": "my Lord/Master", "*YHWH*": "Yahweh/LORD", "*ṣᵉbāʾôt*": "hosts/armies", "*bᵉkî*": "weeping/crying", "*mispēd*": "mourning/wailing/lamentation", "*qorḥāh*": "baldness (sign of mourning)", "*ḥᵃgōr*": "gird/wrap/put on", "*śāq*": "sackcloth (rough cloth worn during mourning)" } } 13 { "verseID": "Isaiah.22.13", "source": "וְהִנֵּ֣ה ׀ שָׂשׂ֣וֹן וְשִׂמְחָ֗ה הָרֹ֤ג ׀ בָּקָר֙ וְשָׁחֹ֣ט צֹ֔אן אָכֹ֥ל בָּשָׂ֖ר וְשָׁת֣וֹת יָ֑יִן אָכ֣וֹל וְשָׁת֔וֹ כִּ֥י מָחָ֖ר נָמֽוּת׃", "text": "And-*hinnēh* *śāśôn* and-*śimḥāh* *hārōg* *bāqār* and-*šāḥōṭ* *ṣōʾn* *ʾākōl* *bāśār* and-*šātôt* *yāyin* *ʾākôl* and-*šātô* for *māḥār* *nāmût*", "grammar": { "וְהִנֵּ֣ה": "conjunction + interjection - and behold", "*śāśôn*": "masculine singular - joy", "וְשִׂמְחָ֗ה": "conjunction + feminine singular - and gladness", "*hārōg*": "Qal infinitive absolute - slaying", "*bāqār*": "masculine singular - cattle", "וְשָׁחֹ֣ט": "conjunction + Qal infinitive absolute - and slaughtering", "*ṣōʾn*": "collective noun - sheep/flock", "*ʾākōl*": "Qal infinitive absolute - eating", "*bāśār*": "masculine singular - flesh/meat", "וְשָׁת֣וֹת": "conjunction + Qal infinitive absolute - and drinking", "*yāyin*": "masculine singular - wine", "*ʾākôl*": "Qal infinitive absolute - eat", "וְשָׁת֔וֹ": "conjunction + Qal infinitive absolute - and drink", "כִּ֥י": "conjunction - for/because", "*māḥār*": "adverb - tomorrow", "*nāmût*": "Qal imperfect, 1st person plural - we will die" }, "variants": { "*hinnēh*": "behold/look/see", "*śāśôn*": "joy/gladness/rejoicing", "*śimḥāh*": "gladness/joy/mirth", "*hārōg*": "slaying/killing", "*bāqār*": "cattle/oxen", "*šāḥōṭ*": "slaughtering/butchering", "*ṣōʾn*": "sheep/flocks/small livestock", "*ʾākōl*": "eating/consuming", "*bāśār*": "flesh/meat", "*šātôt*": "drinking", "*yāyin*": "wine", "*ʾākôl* and-*šātô*": "let us eat and drink (idiomatic)", "*māḥār*": "tomorrow/in future", "*nāmût*": "we will die/we shall be dead" } }
• Lam 4:21 : 21 { "verseID": "Lamentations.4.21", "source": "שִׂ֤ישִׂי וְשִׂמְחִי֙ בַּת־אֱד֔וֹם יוֹשֶׁ֖בֶת בְּאֶ֣רֶץ ע֑וּץ גַּם־עָלַ֙יִךְ֙ תַּעֲבָר־כּ֔וֹס תִּשְׁכְּרִ֖י וְתִתְעָרִֽי׃", "text": "*Śîśî wəśimḥî* *bat-ʾĕḏôm*, *yôšeḇeṯ* in *ʾereṣ ʿûṣ*; also upon you will *taʿăḇār-kôs*, you will *tiškərî* and *ṯiṯʿārî*", "grammar": { "*śîśî*": "Qal imperative, feminine singular - rejoice", "*wə-śimḥî*": "conjunction + Qal imperative, feminine singular - and be glad", "*bat*": "feminine singular construct - daughter of", "*ʾĕḏôm*": "proper noun - Edom", "*yôšeḇeṯ*": "feminine singular Qal participle - dwelling/inhabiting", "*bə-ʾereṣ*": "preposition + feminine singular construct - in land of", "*ʿûṣ*": "proper noun - Uz", "*gam*": "conjunction - also/even", "*ʿālayiḵ*": "preposition + 2nd feminine singular suffix - upon you", "*taʿăḇār*": "Qal imperfect, 3rd feminine singular - it will pass over", "*kôs*": "masculine singular noun - cup", "*tiškərî*": "Qal imperfect, 2nd feminine singular - you will be drunk", "*wə-ṯiṯʿārî*": "conjunction + Hithpael imperfect, 2nd feminine singular - and you will expose yourself" }, "variants": { "*śîśî*": "rejoice/be joyful/celebrate", "*śimḥî*": "be glad/be happy/rejoice", "*yôšeḇeṯ*": "dwelling/inhabiting/resident", "*taʿăḇār-kôs*": "cup will pass/cup will be handed/cup will come", "*tiškərî*": "will be drunk/will become intoxicated", "*ṯiṯʿārî*": "will expose yourself/will be naked/will strip yourself" } }
• Ezek 16:47-48 : 47 { "verseID": "Ezekiel.16.47", "source": "וְלֹ֤א בְדַרְכֵיהֶן֙ הָלַ֔כְתְּ וּבְתוֹעֲבֽוֹתֵיהֶ֖ן *עשיתי **עָשִׂ֑ית כִּמְעַ֣ט קָ֔ט וַתַּשְׁחִ֥תִי מֵהֵ֖ן בְּכָל־דְּרָכָֽיִךְ׃", "text": "And not in *wəlōʾ* *ḇəḏarḵêhen* *hālaḵt* and in their *ûḇətôʿăḇôtêhen* *ʿāśît*; in *kiməʿaṭ* *qāṭ* and *wataš*ḥîtî* than *mēhēn* in all-your *bəḵol*-*dərāḵāyiḵ*.", "grammar": { "*wəlōʾ*": "conjunction + negative particle - and not", "*ḇəḏarḵêhen*": "preposition + noun, feminine plural with 3rd feminine plural suffix - in their ways", "*hālaḵt*": "qal perfect, 2nd feminine singular - you walked", "*ûḇətôʿăḇôtêhen*": "conjunction + preposition + noun, feminine plural with 3rd feminine plural suffix - and in their abominations", "*ʿāśît*": "qal perfect, 2nd feminine singular - you did/acted", "*kiməʿaṭ*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular - as a little/almost", "*qāṭ*": "adjective, masculine singular - small/trifling", "*wataš*ḥîtî*": "hiphil consecutive imperfect, 2nd feminine singular - and you acted corruptly/were corrupted", "*mēhēn*": "preposition with 3rd feminine plural suffix - than them", "*bəḵol*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular construct - in all of", "*dərāḵāyiḵ*": "noun, feminine plural with 2nd feminine singular suffix - your ways" }, "variants": { "*ḏarḵêhen*": "their ways/paths/conduct", "*tôʿăḇôtêhen*": "their abominations/detestable acts", "*kiməʿaṭ* *qāṭ*": "as if that were a small thing/almost nothing/too little", "*taš*ḥîtî*": "you acted corruptly/became more corrupt/were more depraved", "*dərāḵāyiḵ*": "your ways/paths/conduct" } } 48 { "verseID": "Ezekiel.16.48", "source": "חַי־אָ֗נִי נְאֻם֙ אֲדֹנָ֣י יְהוִ֔ה אִם־עָֽשְׂתָה֙ סְדֹ֣ם אֲחוֹתֵ֔ךְ הִ֖יא וּבְנוֹתֶ֑יהָ כַּאֲשֶׁ֣ר עָשִׂ֔ית אַ֖תְּ וּבְנוֹתָֽיִךְ׃", "text": "Living-I *ḥay*-*ʾānî*, *nəʾum* *ʾădōnāy* *yəhōwih*, if-*ʾim*-*ʿāśətāh* *sədōm* your *ʾăḥôtēḵ*, she *hîʾ* and her *ûḇənôtehā*, as *kaʾăšer* *ʿāśît* you *ʾat* and your *ûḇənôtāyiḵ*.", "grammar": { "*ḥay*": "adjective, masculine singular construct - living/alive", "*ʾānî*": "personal pronoun, 1st singular - I", "*nəʾum*": "construct state - declaration of", "*ʾădōnāy*": "noun, masculine singular - Lord/my Lord", "*yəhōwih*": "divine name - YHWH/LORD", "*ʾim*": "conditional particle - if", "*ʿāśətāh*": "qal perfect, 3rd feminine singular - she did/made", "*sədōm*": "proper noun - Sodom", "*ʾăḥôtēḵ*": "noun, feminine singular with 2nd feminine singular suffix - your sister", "*hîʾ*": "personal pronoun, 3rd feminine singular - she", "*ûḇənôtehā*": "conjunction + noun, feminine plural with 3rd feminine singular suffix - and her daughters/surrounding villages", "*kaʾăšer*": "preposition + relative pronoun - as/according to what", "*ʿāśît*": "qal perfect, 2nd feminine singular - you did/made", "*ʾat*": "personal pronoun, 2nd feminine singular - you", "*ûḇənôtāyiḵ*": "conjunction + noun, feminine plural with 2nd feminine singular suffix - and your daughters/towns" }, "variants": { "*ḥay*-*ʾānî*": "as I live/as surely as I live (oath formula)", "*ʿāśətāh*": "she did/acted/committed", "*bənôtehā*": "her daughters/surrounding towns", "*bənôtāyiḵ*": "your daughters/towns under your control" } }
• Ezek 20:32 : 32 { "verseID": "Ezekiel.20.32", "source": "וְהָֽעֹלָה֙ עַל־ר֣וּחֲכֶ֔ם הָי֖וֹ לֹ֣א תִֽהְיֶ֑ה אֲשֶׁ֣ר ׀ אַתֶּ֣ם אֹמְרִ֗ים נִֽהְיֶ֤ה כַגּוֹיִם֙ כְּמִשְׁפְּח֣וֹת הָאֲרָצ֔וֹת לְשָׁרֵ֖ת עֵ֥ץ וָאָֽבֶן׃", "text": "*wəhāʿōlâ* *ʿal*-*rûḥăḵem* *hāyô* *lōʾ* *ṯihyê* *ʾăšer* *ʾattem* *ʾōmərîm* *nihyê* *ḵaggôyim* *kəmišpəḥôṯ* *hāʾărāṣôṯ* *ləšārēṯ* *ʿēṣ* *wāʾāḇen*", "grammar": { "*wəhāʿōlâ*": "conjunction + definite article + participle, feminine singular - and that which comes up", "*ʿal*": "preposition - upon/on", "*rûḥăḵem*": "noun, feminine singular construct + 2nd masculine plural suffix - your spirit/mind", "*hāyô*": "infinitive absolute - being/happening", "*lōʾ*": "negative particle - not", "*ṯihyê*": "qal imperfect, 3rd feminine singular - it will be", "*ʾăšer*": "relative pronoun - that/which", "*ʾattem*": "pronoun, 2nd masculine plural - you", "*ʾōmərîm*": "qal participle, masculine plural - saying", "*nihyê*": "qal imperfect, 1st common plural - we will be", "*ḵaggôyim*": "preposition + definite article + noun, masculine plural - like the nations", "*kəmišpəḥôṯ*": "preposition + noun, feminine plural construct - like the families/clans of", "*hāʾărāṣôṯ*": "definite article + noun, feminine plural - the lands/countries", "*ləšārēṯ*": "preposition + piel infinitive construct - to serve/minister to", "*ʿēṣ*": "noun, masculine singular - wood/tree", "*wāʾāḇen*": "conjunction + noun, feminine singular - and stone" }, "variants": { "*wəhāʿōlâ*": "and what comes up/and what enters/and what arises", "*rûḥăḵem*": "your spirit/your mind/your thoughts", "*hāyô* *lōʾ* *ṯihyê*": "surely will not happen/definitely will not come to pass/absolutely will not be", "*nihyê*": "let us be/we will become/we should be", "*ḵaggôyim*": "like the nations/like the gentiles/like the heathen", "*kəmišpəḥôṯ*": "like the families/like the clans/like the peoples", "*ləšārēṯ*": "to serve/to worship/to minister to", "*ʿēṣ* *wāʾāḇen*": "wood and stone [idiomatic for idols]" } }
• Ezek 21:10 : 10 { "verseID": "Ezekiel.21.10", "source": "וְיָֽדְעוּ֙ כָּל־בָּשָׂ֔ר כִּ֚י אֲנִ֣י יְהוָ֔ה הוֹצֵ֥אתִי חַרְבִּ֖י מִתַּעְרָ֑הּ לֹ֥א תָשׁ֖וּב עֽוֹד׃ ס", "text": "And-*yāḏəʿû* all-*bāśār* that I *YHWH* *hôṣēʾṯî* *ḥarbî* from-*taʿrāh* not *ṯāšûḇ* again. [*s*]", "grammar": { "*yāḏəʿû*": "qal perfect 3rd common plural with waw consecutive - and they will know", "*bāśār*": "masculine singular - flesh/all living beings", "*YHWH*": "proper noun, divine name - Yahweh/LORD", "*hôṣēʾṯî*": "hiphil perfect 1st singular - I have drawn out", "*ḥarbî*": "feminine singular with 1st person singular suffix - my sword", "*taʿrāh*": "feminine singular with 3rd feminine singular suffix - its sheath", "*ṯāšûḇ*": "qal imperfect 3rd feminine singular - it will return", "*s*": "section marker in the Hebrew text" }, "variants": { "*yāḏəʿû*": "know/recognize/acknowledge", "*bāśār*": "flesh/all living beings/humanity", "*hôṣēʾṯî*": "draw out/bring forth/remove", "*ṯāšûḇ*": "return/go back/be restored" } }
• Hos 2:12 : 12 { "verseID": "Hosea.2.12", "source": "‫וְעַתָּ֛ה אֲגַלֶּ֥ה אֶת־נַבְלֻתָ֖הּ לְעֵינֵ֣י מְאַהֲבֶ֑יהָ וְאִ֖ישׁ לֹֽא־יַצִּילֶ֥נָּה מִיָּדִֽי׃‬", "text": "And *ʿattāh* *ʾăgalleh* *ʾet*-*nablutāh* to-*ʿênê* *məʾahăbêhā*, and *ʾîš* not-*yaṣṣîlennāh* from-*yādî*.", "grammar": { "*ʿattāh*": "adverb - now", "*ʾăgalleh*": "piel imperfect, 1st singular - I will uncover", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*nablutāh*": "noun + pronominal suffix, 3rd singular, feminine - her folly/shame", "*ʿênê*": "noun, dual, construct - eyes of", "*məʾahăbêhā*": "piel participle, masculine, plural + pronominal suffix, 3rd singular, feminine - her lovers", "*ʾîš*": "noun, masculine, singular - man", "*yaṣṣîlennāh*": "hiphil imperfect, 3rd singular, masculine + object suffix, 3rd singular, feminine - he will deliver her", "*yādî*": "noun + pronominal suffix, 1st singular - my hand" }, "variants": { "*ʿattāh*": "now/at this time", "*ʾăgalleh*": "I will uncover/expose/reveal", "*nablutāh*": "her folly/shame/foolishness/disgrace", "*ʿênê*": "eyes/sight of", "*məʾahăbêhā*": "her lovers/those who love her (reference to false gods)", "*ʾîš*": "man/person/anyone", "*yaṣṣîlennāh*": "he will deliver/rescue/save her", "*yādî*": "my hand/my power/my control" } }
• Amos 3:2 : 2 { "verseID": "Amos.3.2", "source": "רַ֚ק אֶתְכֶ֣ם יָדַ֔עְתִּי מִכֹּ֖ל מִשְׁפְּח֣וֹת הָאֲדָמָ֑ה עַל־כֵּן֙ אֶפְקֹ֣ד עֲלֵיכֶ֔ם אֵ֖ת כָּל־עֲוֺנֹֽתֵיכֶֽם׃", "text": "*Raq* *ʾetkem* *yādaʿtî* *mikol* *mišpəḥôt* *hā-ʾădāmâ*; *ʿal*-*kēn* *ʾepqōd* *ʿălêkem* *ʾēt* *kol*-*ʿăwōnōtêkem*", "grammar": { "*Raq*": "adverb - only", "*ʾetkem*": "direct object marker + 2nd masculine plural suffix - you", "*yādaʿtî*": "Qal perfect, 1st singular - I have known", "*mikol*": "preposition + construct - from all of", "*mišpəḥôt*": "noun, feminine plural construct - families/clans of", "*hā-ʾădāmâ*": "definite article + noun, feminine singular - the earth/ground/land", "*ʿal*": "preposition", "*kēn*": "adverb - so/thus/therefore", "*ʾepqōd*": "Qal imperfect, 1st singular - I will visit/punish", "*ʿălêkem*": "preposition + 2nd masculine plural suffix - upon you", "*ʾēt*": "direct object marker", "*kol*": "construct - all of", "*ʿăwōnōtêkem*": "noun, masculine plural + 2nd masculine plural suffix - your iniquities" }, "variants": { "*yādaʿtî*": "known/chosen/selected/acknowledged/cared for", "*mišpəḥôt*": "families/clans/tribes", "*ʾădāmâ*": "earth/ground/land/soil", "*ʾepqōd*": "visit/punish/attend to/reckon with", "*ʿăwōnōt*": "iniquities/sins/wrongdoings/guilty acts" } }
• Amos 6:6-7 : 6 { "verseID": "Amos.6.6", "source": "הַשֹּׁתִים בְּמִזְרְקֵי יַיִן וְרֵאשִׁית שְׁמָנִים יִמְשָׁחוּ וְלֹא נֶחְלוּ עַל־שֵׁבֶר יוֹסֵף", "text": "The *šōtîm* in *mizrəqê* *yayin* *wə-* *rēʾšît* *šəmānîm* *yimšāḥû* *wə-* *lōʾ* *neḥlû* upon- *šēber* *yôsēp*", "grammar": { "*šōtîm*": "masculine plural participle with definite article - those drinking", "*mizrəqê*": "masculine plural construct with preposition *bə-* - in bowls of", "*yayin*": "masculine noun - wine", "*wə-*": "conjunction - and", "*rēʾšît*": "feminine singular construct - finest of", "*šəmānîm*": "masculine plural - oils", "*yimšāḥû*": "imperfect, 3rd person plural - they anoint themselves", "*wə-*": "conjunction - and", "*lōʾ*": "negative particle - not", "*neḥlû*": "perfect, 3rd person plural - they grieve", "*šēber*": "masculine singular construct with preposition *ʿal-* - over ruin/breaking of", "*yôsēp*": "proper noun - Joseph" }, "variants": { "*šōtîm*": "drinking/consuming beverages", "*mizrəqê*": "bowls/basins/containers", "*rēʾšît*": "finest/best/choicest", "*šəmānîm*": "oils/ointments/perfumes", "*yimšāḥû*": "anoint themselves/apply oil/rub", "*neḥlû*": "grieve/feel sick/are distressed", "*šēber*": "ruin/destruction/breaking/collapse" } } 7 { "verseID": "Amos.6.7", "source": "לָכֵן עַתָּה יִגְלוּ בְּרֹאשׁ גֹּלִים וְסָר מִרְזַח סְרוּחִים", "text": "Therefore *ʿattâ* *yiglû* in *rōʾš* *gōlîm* *wə-* *sār* *mirzaḥ* *sərûḥîm*", "grammar": { "*ʿattâ*": "adverb - now", "*yiglû*": "imperfect, 3rd person plural - they will go into exile", "*rōʾš*": "masculine singular construct with preposition *bə-* - at head of", "*gōlîm*": "masculine plural - exiles", "*wə-*": "conjunction - and", "*sār*": "perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - will be removed/turned aside", "*mirzaḥ*": "masculine singular construct - banquet/feast of", "*sərûḥîm*": "masculine plural participle - those sprawling/lounging" }, "variants": { "*yiglû*": "go into exile/be deported/be carried away", "*rōʾš*": "head/first/beginning", "*gōlîm*": "exiles/captives/deported ones", "*sār*": "removed/departed/turned aside", "*mirzaḥ*": "banquet/feast/revelry", "*sərûḥîm*": "those sprawling/lounging/stretching out" } }
• Amos 6:13 : 13 { "verseID": "Amos.6.13", "source": "הַשְּׂמֵחִים לְלֹא דָבָר הָאֹמְרִים הֲלוֹא בְחָזְקֵנוּ לָקַחְנוּ לָנוּ קַרְנָיִם", "text": "The *śəmēḥîm* to *lōʾ* *dābār* the ones *ʾōmərîm* ?-not in *ḥozqēnû* *lāqaḥnû* to-us *qarnāyim*", "grammar": { "*śəmēḥîm*": "masculine plural participle with definite article - those rejoicing", "*lōʾ*": "negative particle with preposition *lə-* - in nothing", "*dābār*": "masculine singular - thing", "*ʾōmərîm*": "masculine plural participle with definite article - those saying", "*ḥozqēnû*": "masculine singular with 1st person plural suffix and preposition *bə-* - by our strength", "*lāqaḥnû*": "perfect, 1st person plural - we have taken", "*qarnāyim*": "feminine dual - horns" }, "variants": { "*śəmēḥîm*": "rejoicing/being glad/celebrating", "*dābār*": "thing/matter/word", "*ʾōmərîm*": "saying/speaking/declaring", "*ḥozqēnû*": "our strength/might/power", "*lāqaḥnû*": "we have taken/acquired/obtained", "*qarnāyim*": "horns/power/strength" } }
• Amos 8:10 : 10 { "verseID": "Amos.8.10", "source": "וְהָפַכְתִּ֨י חַגֵּיכֶ֜ם לְאֵ֗בֶל וְכָל־שִֽׁירֵיכֶם֙ לְקִינָ֔ה וְהַעֲלֵיתִ֤י עַל־כָּל־מָתְנַ֙יִם֙ שָׂ֔ק וְעַל־כָּל־רֹ֖אשׁ קָרְחָ֑ה וְשַׂמְתִּ֙יהָ֙ כְּאֵ֣בֶל יָחִ֔יד וְאַחֲרִיתָ֖הּ כְּי֥וֹם מָֽר׃", "text": "And *wəhāpaḵtî* your *ḥaggêḵem* to *ʾēbel* and all your *šîrêḵem* to *qînâ* and *wəhaʿălêtî* upon all *motnayim* *śāq* and upon all *rōʾš* *qorḥâ* and *wəśamtîhā* like *ʾēbel* *yāḥîd* and *ʾaḥărîtāh* like day *mār*", "grammar": { "*wəhāpaḵtî*": "qal perfect with waw consecutive, 1st singular - and I will turn/change", "*ḥaggêḵem*": "noun, masculine plural construct with 2nd masculine plural suffix - your festivals", "*lə-*": "preposition - to/into", "*ʾēbel*": "noun, masculine singular - mourning", "*wə-*": "conjunction - and", "*ḵol*": "noun, masculine singular construct - all of", "*šîrêḵem*": "noun, masculine plural construct with 2nd masculine plural suffix - your songs", "*qînâ*": "noun, feminine singular - lamentation/dirge", "*wəhaʿălêtî*": "hiphil perfect with waw consecutive, 1st singular - and I will bring up/cause to come up", "*ʿal*": "preposition - upon/over", "*motnayim*": "noun, masculine dual - loins/waist", "*śāq*": "noun, masculine singular - sackcloth", "*rōʾš*": "noun, masculine singular - head", "*qorḥâ*": "noun, feminine singular - baldness", "*wəśamtîhā*": "qal perfect with waw consecutive, 1st singular with 3rd feminine singular suffix - and I will make it", "*kə-*": "preposition - like/as", "*ʾēbel*": "noun, masculine singular construct - mourning of", "*yāḥîd*": "adjective, masculine singular - only/only one", "*ʾaḥărîtāh*": "noun, feminine singular with 3rd feminine singular suffix - its end", "*kəyôm*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular - like day of", "*mār*": "adjective, masculine singular - bitter" }, "variants": { "*wəhāpaḵtî*": "I will turn/I will change/I will transform", "*ḥaggêḵem*": "your festivals/your feasts/your celebrations", "*ʾēbel*": "mourning/grief", "*šîrêḵem*": "your songs/your singing", "*qînâ*": "lamentation/dirge/funeral song", "*wəhaʿălêtî*": "I will bring up/I will cause to come up", "*motnayim*": "loins/waist/hips", "*śāq*": "sackcloth/coarse cloth (sign of mourning)", "*qorḥâ*": "baldness/baldness (sign of mourning)", "*yāḥîd*": "only/only child/only son", "*ʾaḥărîtāh*": "its end/its aftermath/its conclusion", "*mār*": "bitter/bitterness" } }
• Jas 4:16 : 16 { "verseID": "James.4.16", "source": "Νῦν δὲ καυχᾶσθε ἐν ταῖς ἀλαζονείαις ὑμῶν: πᾶσα καύχησις τοιαύτη πονηρά ἐστιν.", "text": "Now *de* you *kauchasthe* in the *alazoneiais* of you: all *kauchēsis* such *ponēra estin*.", "grammar": { "*de*": "conjunction - but/and/now", "*kauchasthe*": "present middle/passive indicative, 2nd plural - boast/exult", "*alazoneiais*": "dative, feminine, plural - arrogance/pretensions", "*kauchēsis*": "nominative, feminine, singular - boasting/exulting", "*ponēra*": "nominative, feminine, singular - evil/wicked", "*estin*": "present active indicative, 3rd singular - is" }, "variants": { "*de*": "but/and/now", "*kauchasthe*": "boast/exult/pride yourselves", "*alazoneiais*": "arrogance/pretensions/bragging", "*kauchēsis*": "boasting/exulting/glorying", "*ponēra*": "evil/wicked/harmful", "*estin*": "is/exists" } }
• Jas 5:1 : 1 { "verseID": "James.5.1", "source": "¶Ἄγε νῦν, οἱ πλούσιοι, κλαύσατε ὀλολύζοντες ἐπὶ ταῖς ταλαιπωρίαις ὑμῶν ταῖς ἐπερχομέναις.", "text": "*Age nyn*, the *plousioi*, *klausate ololyzontes epi* the *talaipōriais* of you the *eperchomenais*.", "grammar": { "*Age*": "imperative, 2nd singular - come now/go to", "*nyn*": "adverb - now", "*plousioi*": "nominative, masculine, plural - rich (ones)", "*klausate*": "aorist imperative, 2nd plural - weep/mourn", "*ololyzontes*": "present participle, nominative, masculine, plural - wailing/howling", "*epi*": "preposition + dative - upon/over/because of", "*talaipōriais*": "dative, feminine, plural - miseries/hardships", "*eperchomenais*": "present participle, dative, feminine, plural - coming upon/approaching" }, "variants": { "*Age*": "come/come now/go to (interjection)", "*ololyzontes*": "howling/wailing/lamenting loudly", "*talaipōriais*": "miseries/distresses/hardships/calamities", "*eperchomenais*": "coming upon/approaching/impending" } }