Verse 20

{ "verseID": "Joel.2.20", "source": "וְֽאֶת־הַצְּפוֹנִ֞י אַרְחִ֣יק מֵעֲלֵיכֶ֗ם וְהִדַּחְתִּיו֮ אֶל־אֶ֣רֶץ צִיָּ֣ה וּשְׁמָמָה֒ אֶת־פָּנָ֗יו אֶל־הַיָּם֙ הַקַּדְמֹנִ֔י וְסֹפ֖וֹ אֶל־הַיָּ֣ם הָאַֽחֲר֑וֹן וְעָלָ֣ה בָאְשׁ֗וֹ וְתַ֙עַל֙ צַחֲנָת֔וֹ כִּ֥י הִגְדִּ֖יל לַעֲשֽׂוֹת׃", "text": "And-*ʾet*-the-*tsefônî* *ʾarḥîq* from-upon-you [plural] and-*hiddaḥtîw* to-*ʾerets* *tsiyyâ* and-*shemāmâ* *ʾet*-*pānāyw* to-the-*yām* the-*qadmônî* and-*sôfô* to-the-*yām* the-*ʾaḥărôn* and-*ʿālâ* *boʾshô* and-*taʿal* *tsaḥănātô* because *higdîl* to-do.", "grammar": { "*tsefônî*": "masculine singular adjective with definite article - the northern/northerner", "*ʾarḥîq*": "hiphil imperfect, 1st person singular - I will remove/drive far", "*hiddaḥtîw*": "hiphil perfect, 1st person singular with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - I will drive him", "*ʾerets*": "feminine singular construct - land of", "*tsiyyâ*": "feminine singular noun - drought/dry land", "*shemāmâ*": "feminine singular noun - desolation/waste", "*pānāyw*": "masculine plural noun with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his face", "*yām*": "masculine singular noun with definite article - the sea", "*qadmônî*": "masculine singular adjective with definite article - the eastern", "*sôfô*": "masculine singular noun with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his rear", "*yām*": "masculine singular noun with definite article - the sea", "*ʾaḥărôn*": "masculine singular adjective with definite article - the western/latter", "*ʿālâ*": "qal perfect consecutive, 3rd person masculine singular - will go up/ascend", "*boʾshô*": "masculine singular noun with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his stench", "*taʿal*": "qal imperfect, 3rd person feminine singular - will rise/ascend", "*tsaḥănātô*": "feminine singular noun with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his foul smell", "*higdîl*": "hiphil perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - he did great things" }, "variants": { "*tsefônî*": "the northern one/northerner/northern [army]", "*ʾarḥîq*": "I will remove/drive far/distance", "*hiddaḥtîw*": "I will drive him/banish him/thrust him", "*tsiyyâ*": "drought/dry land/parched region", "*shemāmâ*": "desolation/waste/desert", "*qadmônî*": "the eastern/former/ancient", "*ʾaḥărôn*": "the western/latter/hindmost", "*boʾshô*": "his stench/stink/foul odor", "*taʿal*": "will rise/ascend/go up", "*tsaḥănātô*": "his foul smell/stink/putridness", "*higdîl*": "he did great things/acted proudly/magnified himself" } }

Other Translations

• GT, oversatt fra Hebraisk

  Jeg vil drive fienden langt bort fra nord og jage ham til et tørt og øde land. Den fremste delen av hæren hans skal til østlig hav, og baksiden av hæren til det vestlige hav. Stanken fra ham vil stige, og lukten av ham vil komme opp, for han har gjort store ting.

• Moderne oversettelse av Bibelen fra 1611 KJV med hebraisk kontekst

  Men jeg vil drive den nordlige fienden langt bort fra dere, og jage ham til et øde og forlatt land, hans forkant mot det østre hav og hans bakdel mot det ytterste hav, og hans stink skal stige opp, og hans møkk skal stige opp, for han har gjort store ting.

• Norsk King James

  Men jeg vil drive den nordlige hæren av sted,

• Modernisert Norsk Bibel 1866

  Og den fra nord skal jeg drive langt bort fra dere, og kaste ham inn i et tørt og øde land, hans ansikt mot havet i øst, og hans ende mot det ytterste hav; og hans stank skal stige opp, og hans vonde lukt skal stige opp, fordi han har gjort store ting.

• Oversettelse av hebraiske Bibeltekster til moderne norsk bokmål

  Men fienden fra nord vil jeg drive bort fra dere, og jeg vil skyve ham bort til et tørt og øde land, hans fortropp til Østhavet, og hans baktropp til Vesthavet; stanken skal stige opp, for han har gjort stor skade.

• Bibelen: En Moderne Oversettelse av King James Version 1611

  Men jeg vil drive fienden langt bort fra dere, og jage ham til et øde og forlatt land, med ansiktet mot østlandet, og bakdelen mot det ytterste havet, og stanken skal stige opp, og lukten skal spre seg fordi han har gjort store ting.

• o3-mini KJV Norsk

  Men jeg vil fjerne den nordlige hæren langt borte fra dere og drive den til et goldt og øde land, med ansiktet vendt mot Østhavet og baksiden mot det fjerneste hav; dens stank skal stige, og dens vonde lukt vil komme, fordi den har utført store gjerninger.

• En Moderne Oversettelse av King James Version 1611 (mar 2025)

  Men jeg vil drive fienden langt bort fra dere, og jage ham til et øde og forlatt land, med ansiktet mot østlandet, og bakdelen mot det ytterste havet, og stanken skal stige opp, og lukten skal spre seg fordi han har gjort store ting.

• Lingvistisk bibeloversettelse fra grunntekst

  Jeg skal fjerne den nordlige hær langt bort fra dere, og drive den til en øde og forlatt land, dens fremste til det østlige hav og dens bakende til det ytterste hav. Stanken av den skal stige opp, for den har gjort store ting.

• Linguistic Bible Translation from Source Texts

  I will drive the northern army far from you, pushing it into a parched and desolate land, its front into the Eastern Sea and its rear into the Western Sea. Its stench will go up; its foul smell will rise.' Indeed, he has done great things.

• GT, oversatt fra hebraisk Aug2024

  Jeg vil drive bort den nordlige fienden langt bort fra dere. Jeg vil jage ham inn i et øde land og en ørken; hans forreste soldater til havet i øst og hans bakerste til havet i vest. Stanken av hans råtnende kropp skal stige opp, for store ting har han gjort.

• Original Norsk Bibel 1866

  Og den fra Norden vil jeg drive langt bort fra eder, og bortstøde ham i et tørt og (meget) øde Land, hans Ansigt mod Havet i Øster, og hans Ende til det yderste Hav; og hans Stank skal opfare, og hans onde Lugt skal opfare, thi han tog sig store Ting for at gjøre.

• King James Version 1769 (Standard Version)

  But I will remove far off from you the northern army, and will drive him into a land barren and desolate, with his face toward the east sea, and his hinder part toward the utmost sea, and his stink shall come up, and his ill savour shall come up, because he hath done great things.

• KJV 1769 norsk

  Men den nordlige hæren vil jeg drive langt bort fra dere og jage den inn i et tørt og øde land, med ansiktet mot østhavet, og bakerst mot vesthavet. Stanken av den vil stige opp, og den dårlige lukten vil stige opp, for den har gjort store ting.

• KJV1611 - Moderne engelsk

  But I will remove far from you the northern army, and will drive him into a barren and desolate land, with his face toward the eastern sea, and his back toward the western sea. His stench shall come up, and his foul odor shall rise, because he has done great things.

• King James Version 1611 (Original)

  But I will remove far off from you the northern army, and will drive him into a land barren and desolate, with his face toward the east sea, and his hinder part toward the utmost sea, and his stink shall come up, and his ill savour shall come up, because he hath done great things.

• Norsk oversettelse av Webster

  Men jeg skal fjerne hæren fra nord langt bort fra dere, og jeg vil drive den inn i et øde og folketomt land, dens fremre mot Øst-havet, og dens bakre mot Vest-havet, og dens stank skal stige opp, og dens avskyelighet skal stige opp." For han har gjort store ting.

• Norsk oversettelse av Youngs Literal Translation

  Jeg vil drive bort det nordlige folket langt fra dere, og føre det til et tørt og øde land, med ansiktet mot det østlige havet og bakenden mot det vestlige havet. Stanken vil stige opp, og ubehaget vil bre seg, for de har gjort store ting.

• Norsk oversettelse av ASV1901

  Men jeg vil fjerne den nordlige hæren langt fra dere og drive den til et øde og ødslig land, dens forreste mot østlige havet, og dens bakre mot vestlige havet; og dens stank vil stige opp, og dens onde lukt vil stige opp, fordi den har gjort store ting.

• Norsk oversettelse av BBE

  Jeg vil sende den fra nord langt bort fra dere, jage den til et tørt og øde land, med fronten mot øst og ryggen mot vest, og stanken av ham vil stige opp, ja, hans vonde lukt vil stige opp.

• Coverdale Bible (1535)

  Agayne, as for him of the north, I shal dryue him farre from you: & shute him out in to a drye and waist londe, his face towarde the east see, and his hynder partes towarde the vttemost see. The stynke of him shall go vp, and his fylthy corrupcion shal fall vpon himself, because he hath dealte so proudly.

• Geneva Bible (1560)

  But I will remooue farre off from you the Northren armie, & I will driue him into a land, barren & desolate with his face toward the East sea, and his end to the vtmost sea, and his stinke shal come vp, and his corruption shal ascend, because he hath exalted himselfe to do this.

• Bishops' Bible (1568)

  And I wyll remoue farre of from you the northen armie and I wyll driue him into a lande barren and desolate, with his face towardes the east sea, and his hinder partes towardes the vttermost sea: and his stinch shall arise, and his corruption shall ascende, because he hath exalted him selfe to do this.

• Authorized King James Version (1611)

  But I will remove far off from you the northern [army], and will drive him into a land barren and desolate, with his face toward the east sea, and his hinder part toward the utmost sea, and his stink shall come up, and his ill savour shall come up, because he hath done great things.

• Webster's Bible (1833)

  But I will remove the northern army far away from you, And will drive it into a barren and desolate land, Its front into the eastern sea, And its back into the western sea; And its stench will come up, And its bad smell will rise." Surely he has done great things.

• Young's Literal Translation (1862/1898)

  And the northern I put far off from you, And have driven him unto a land dry and desolate, With his face unto the eastern sea, And his rear unto the western sea, And come up hath his stink, And come up doth his stench, For he hath exerted himself to work.

• American Standard Version (1901)

  but I will remove far off from you the northern [army], and will drive it into a land barren and desolate, its forepart into the eastern sea, and its hinder part [ into the western sea; and its stench shall come up, and its ill savor shall come up, because it hath done great things.

• Bible in Basic English (1941)

  I will send the one from the north far away from you, driving him into a dry and waste land, with his front to the sea of the east and his back to the sea of the west, and the smell of him will go up, even his evil smell will go up.

• World English Bible (2000)

  But I will remove the northern army far away from you, and will drive it into a barren and desolate land, its front into the eastern sea, and its back into the western sea; and its stench will come up, and its bad smell will rise." Surely he has done great things.

• NET Bible® (New English Translation)

  I will remove the one from the north far from you. I will drive him out to a dry and desolate place. Those in front will be driven eastward into the Dead Sea, and those in back westward into the Mediterranean Sea. His stench will rise up as a foul smell.” Indeed, the LORD has accomplished great things.

Referenced Verses

• Zech 14:8 : 8 { "verseID": "Zechariah.14.8", "source": "וְהָיָ֣ה ׀ בַּיּ֣וֹם הַה֗וּא יֵצְא֤וּ מַֽיִם־חַיִּים֙ מִיר֣וּשָׁלִַ֔ם חֶצְיָ֗ם אֶל־הַיָּם֙ הַקַּדְמוֹנִ֔י וְחֶצְיָ֖ם אֶל־הַיָּ֣ם הָאַחֲר֑וֹן בַּקַּ֥יִץ וּבָחֹ֖רֶף יִֽהְיֶֽה׃", "text": "And *wəhāyâ bayyôm hahûʾ yēṣəʾû mayim-ḥayyîm mîrûšālaim ḥeṣyām ʾel-hayyām haqqadmônî wəḥeṣyām ʾel-hayyām hāʾaḥărôn baqqayiṣ ûbāḥōrep yihyeh*.", "grammar": { "*wəhāyâ*": "waw-consecutive + qal perfect 3rd masculine singular - and it will be", "*bayyôm*": "preposition + masculine singular noun with definite article - in the day", "*hahûʾ*": "demonstrative pronoun masculine singular - that", "*yēṣəʾû*": "qal imperfect 3rd masculine plural - will go out", "*mayim-ḥayyîm*": "masculine plural noun + masculine plural adjective - living waters", "*mîrûšālaim*": "preposition + proper noun - from Jerusalem", "*ḥeṣyām*": "masculine singular noun with 3rd masculine plural suffix - half of them", "*ʾel-hayyām*": "preposition + masculine singular noun with definite article - to the sea", "*haqqadmônî*": "adjective masculine singular with definite article - the eastern", "*wəḥeṣyām*": "waw-conjunction + masculine singular noun with 3rd masculine plural suffix - and half of them", "*ʾel-hayyām*": "preposition + masculine singular noun with definite article - to the sea", "*hāʾaḥărôn*": "adjective masculine singular with definite article - the western/latter", "*baqqayiṣ*": "preposition + masculine singular noun with definite article - in the summer", "*ûbāḥōrep*": "waw-conjunction + preposition + masculine singular noun with definite article - and in the winter", "*yihyeh*": "qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - it will be" }, "variants": { "*wəhāyâ*": "it will be/come to pass/happen", "*yēṣəʾû*": "will go out/flow/emerge", "*mayim-ḥayyîm*": "living waters/fresh waters/flowing waters", "*haqqadmônî*": "the eastern/former/ancient", "*hāʾaḥărôn*": "the western/latter/hinder", "*baqqayiṣ*": "in the summer/dry season", "*ûbāḥōrep*": "and in the winter/rainy season" } }
• Isa 34:3 : 3 { "verseID": "Isaiah.34.3", "source": "וְחַלְלֵיהֶ֣ם יֻשְׁלָ֔כוּ וּפִגְרֵיהֶ֖ם יַעֲלֶ֣ה בָאְשָׁ֑ם וְנָמַ֥סּוּ הָרִ֖ים מִדָּמָֽם׃", "text": "*wĕḥallêhem* *yušlākû* *ûpigrêhem* *yaʿăleh* *bāʾšām* *wĕnāmassû* *hārîm* *middāmām*", "grammar": { "*wĕḥallêhem*": "conjunction + masculine plural noun + 3rd masculine plural suffix - and their slain", "*yušlākû*": "hophal imperfect, 3rd masculine plural - they will be cast out/thrown", "*ûpigrêhem*": "conjunction + masculine plural noun + 3rd masculine plural suffix - and their corpses", "*yaʿăleh*": "qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - will go up/ascend", "*bāʾšām*": "masculine singular noun + 3rd masculine plural suffix - their stench", "*wĕnāmassû*": "conjunction + niphal perfect, 3rd common plural - and they will be dissolved/melted", "*hārîm*": "masculine plural noun - mountains", "*middāmām*": "preposition + masculine singular noun + 3rd masculine plural suffix - from their blood" }, "variants": { "*ḥallêhem*": "their slain/their pierced/their wounded", "*yušlākû*": "they will be cast out/thrown away/flung", "*pigrêhem*": "their corpses/their dead bodies/their carcasses", "*yaʿăleh*": "will go up/will rise/will ascend", "*bāʾšām*": "their stench/their foul smell/their putridness", "*nāmassû*": "will be dissolved/will melt/will flow away", "*hārîm*": "mountains/hills/heights", "*middāmām*": "from their blood/with their blood/because of their blood" } }
• Deut 11:24 : 24 { "verseID": "Deuteronomy.11.24", "source": "כָּל־הַמָּק֗וֹם אֲשֶׁ֨ר תִּדְרֹ֧ךְ כַּֽף־רַגְלְכֶ֛ם בּ֖וֹ לָכֶ֣ם יִהְיֶ֑ה מִן־הַמִּדְבָּ֨ר וְהַלְּבָנ֜וֹן מִן־הַנָּהָ֣ר נְהַר־פְּרָ֗ת וְעַד֙ הַיָּ֣ם הָֽאַחֲר֔וֹן יִהְיֶ֖ה גְּבֻלְכֶֽם׃", "text": "*kāl-hammāqôm 'ăšer tiḏrōḵ kap̄-ragləḵem bô lāḵem yihyeh min-hammiḏbār wəhalləḇānôn min-hannāhār nəhar-pərāt wə'aḏ hayyām hā'aḥărôn yihyeh gəḇuləḵem*", "grammar": { "*kāl-hammāqôm*": "construct chain with definite article - every/all the place", "*'ăšer*": "relative particle - which/that/where", "*tiḏrōḵ*": "qal imperfect, 3rd person feminine singular - tread/step/walk", "*kap̄-ragləḵem*": "construct chain with possessive suffix - sole of your foot", "*bô*": "preposition with pronominal suffix, 3rd person masculine singular - in it", "*lāḵem*": "preposition with pronominal suffix, 2nd person masculine plural - to/for you", "*yihyeh*": "qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - will be/become", "*min-hammiḏbār*": "preposition with definite article noun - from the wilderness", "*wəhalləḇānôn*": "conjunction with definite article proper noun - and the Lebanon", "*min-hannāhār*": "preposition with definite article noun - from the river", "*nəhar-pərāt*": "construct chain, proper noun - river Euphrates", "*wə'aḏ*": "conjunction with preposition - and unto/as far as", "*hayyām*": "definite article noun, masculine singular - the sea", "*hā'aḥărôn*": "definite article adjective, masculine singular - the western/hindmost/last", "*yihyeh*": "qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - will be/become", "*gəḇuləḵem*": "noun, masculine singular with possessive suffix - your border/territory/boundary" }, "variants": { "*hammāqôm*": "the place/location/spot", "*tiḏrōḵ*": "tread/step/walk/trample", "*kap̄-ragləḵem*": "sole of your foot/footstep", "*hammiḏbār*": "the wilderness/desert/uninhabited land", "*halləḇānôn*": "Lebanon (mountain range)", "*hannāhār*": "the river/stream", "*nəhar-pərāt*": "river Euphrates", "*hayyām hā'aḥărôn*": "the western sea/the Mediterranean Sea/the hindmost sea", "*gəḇuləḵem*": "your border/territory/boundary/limit" } }
• Ezek 47:18 : 18 { "verseID": "Ezekiel.47.18", "source": "וּפְאַ֣ת קָדִ֡ים מִבֵּ֣ין חַוְרָ֣ן וּמִבֵּין־דַּמֶּשֶׂק֩ וּמִבֵּ֨ין הַגִּלְעָ֜ד וּמִבֵּ֨ין אֶ֤רֶץ יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ הַיַּרְדֵּ֔ן מִגְּב֛וּל עַל־הַיָּ֥ם הַקַּדְמוֹנִ֖י תָּמֹ֑דּוּ וְאֵ֖ת פְּאַ֥ת קָדִֽימָה", "text": "And-*pəʾat* *qādîm* from-between *ḥawrān* and-from-between-*dammeśeq* and-from-between the-*gilʿād* and-from-between *ʾereṣ* *yiśrāʾēl* the-*yardēn*; from-*gəbûl* to-the-*yām* the-*qadmônî* *tāmōddû*; and-*ʾēt* *pəʾat* *qādîmāh*", "grammar": { "*pəʾat*": "noun feminine singular construct - side/corner of", "*qādîm*": "noun masculine singular - east", "*ḥawrān*": "proper noun - Hauran", "*dammeśeq*": "proper noun - Damascus", "*gilʿād*": "proper noun with definite article - the Gilead", "*ʾereṣ*": "noun feminine singular construct - land of", "*yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel", "*yardēn*": "proper noun with definite article - the Jordan", "*gəbûl*": "noun masculine singular - boundary", "*yām*": "noun masculine singular with definite article - the sea", "*qadmônî*": "adjective masculine singular with definite article - the eastern", "*tāmōddû*": "Qal imperfect 2nd masculine plural - you will measure", "*ʾēt*": "direct object marker", "*pəʾat*": "noun feminine singular construct - side/corner of", "*qādîmāh*": "noun masculine singular with directional he - eastward" }, "variants": { "*pəʾat*": "side/corner/edge", "*qādîm*": "east/eastern", "*ḥawrān*": "Hauran (place name/region)", "*dammeśeq*": "Damascus (place name)", "*gilʿād*": "Gilead (place name/region)", "*ʾereṣ*": "land/territory", "*yiśrāʾēl*": "Israel", "*yardēn*": "Jordan (river)", "*gəbûl*": "boundary/border", "*yām*": "sea/large body of water", "*qadmônî*": "eastern/ancient", "*tāmōddû*": "you will measure/you will mark out", "*qādîmāh*": "eastward/toward the east" } }
• Exod 10:19 : 19 { "verseID": "Exodus.10.19", "source": "וַיַּהֲפֹ֨ךְ יְהוָ֤ה רֽוּחַ־יָם֙ חָזָ֣ק מְאֹ֔ד וַיִּשָּׂא֙ אֶת־הָ֣אַרְבֶּ֔ה וַיִּתְקָעֵ֖הוּ יָ֣מָּה סּ֑וּף לֹ֤א נִשְׁאַר֙ אַרְבֶּ֣ה אֶחָ֔ד בְּכֹ֖ל גְּב֥וּל מִצְרָֽיִם׃", "text": "*wa-yahăpōk* *YHWH* *rûaḥ-yām* *ḥāzāq* *məʾōd* *wa-yiśśāʾ* *ʾet-hā-ʾarbeh* *wa-yitqāʿēhû* *yāmmāh* *sûp* *lōʾ* *nišʾar* *ʾarbeh* *ʾeḥād* *bə-kōl* *gəbûl* *miṣrāyim*", "grammar": { "*wa-yahăpōk*": "conjunction + Qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and turned", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - divine name", "*rûaḥ-yām*": "noun feminine singular construct + noun masculine singular - wind of the sea (west wind)", "*ḥāzāq*": "adjective masculine singular - strong", "*məʾōd*": "adverb - very", "*wa-yiśśāʾ*": "conjunction + Qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and it carried/lifted", "*ʾet-hā-ʾarbeh*": "direct object marker + definite article + noun masculine singular - the locusts", "*wa-yitqāʿēhû*": "conjunction + Qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular with 3rd masculine singular suffix - and cast them", "*yāmmāh*": "noun masculine singular with directional he - toward the sea", "*sûp*": "proper noun - Reed (Sea)", "*lōʾ*": "negative particle - not", "*nišʾar*": "Niphal perfect 3rd masculine singular - remained", "*ʾarbeh*": "noun masculine singular - locust", "*ʾeḥād*": "numeral masculine singular - one", "*bə-kōl*": "preposition + noun masculine singular construct - in all", "*gəbûl*": "noun masculine singular construct - territory of", "*miṣrāyim*": "proper noun - Egypt" }, "variants": { "*yahăpōk*": "turned/changed/reversed", "*rûaḥ-yām*": "west wind/sea wind", "*yitqāʿēhû*": "cast them/drove them/thrust them" } }
• Amos 4:10 : 10 { "verseID": "Amos.4.10", "source": "שִׁלַּ֨חְתִּי בָכֶ֥ם דֶּ֙בֶר֙ בְּדֶ֣רֶךְ מִצְרַ֔יִם הָרַ֤גְתִּי בַחֶ֙רֶב֙ בַּח֣וּרֵיכֶ֔ם עִ֖ם שְׁבִ֣י סֽוּסֵיכֶ֑ם וָאַעֲלֶ֞ה בְּאֹ֤שׁ מַחֲנֵיכֶם֙ וּֽבְאַפְּכֶ֔ם וְלֹֽא־שַׁבְתֶּ֥ם עָדַ֖י נְאֻם־יְהוָֽה׃", "text": "*Šillaḥtî* among you *deber* in *derek* *Miṣrayim* *hāragtî* with the-*ḥereb* *baḥûrêkem* with *šǝbî* *sûsêkem* *wā-ʾaʿăleh* in *bǝʾōš* *maḥănêkem* and in *ʾappǝkem* *wǝ-lōʾ*-*šabtem* *ʿāday* *nǝʾum*-*YHWH*", "grammar": { "*Šillaḥtî*": "perfect, 1st person singular, piel - I sent", "*deber*": "noun, masculine singular - plague/pestilence", "*derek*": "noun, masculine singular construct - way/manner of", "*Miṣrayim*": "proper noun - Egypt", "*hāragtî*": "perfect, 1st person singular - I killed/slew", "*ḥereb*": "noun, feminine singular - sword", "*baḥûrêkem*": "noun, masculine plural with 2nd person masculine plural suffix - your young men", "*šǝbî*": "noun, masculine singular construct - captivity of", "*sûsêkem*": "noun, masculine plural with 2nd person masculine plural suffix - your horses", "*wā-ʾaʿăleh*": "conjunction + imperfect, 1st person singular, hiphil with waw consecutive - and I caused to go up", "*bǝʾōš*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular - with stench", "*maḥănêkem*": "noun, masculine plural with 2nd person masculine plural suffix - your camps", "*ʾappǝkem*": "noun, masculine singular with 2nd person masculine plural suffix - your nostrils/nose", "*wǝ-lōʾ*": "conjunction + negative particle - and not", "*šabtem*": "perfect, 2nd person masculine plural - you have returned", "*ʿāday*": "preposition with 1st person singular suffix - unto me", "*nǝʾum*": "construct noun - declaration of", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - divine name" }, "variants": { "*deber*": "plague/pestilence/disease", "*derek Miṣrayim*": "in the manner of Egypt/like in Egypt", "*šǝbî*": "captivity/capturing", "*bǝʾōš*": "with stench/stink [of dead bodies]", "*ʾappǝkem*": "your nostrils/your face/in your presence" } }
• Joel 1:4-6 : 4 { "verseID": "Joel.1.4", "source": "יֶ֤תֶר הַגָּזָם֙ אָכַ֣ל הָֽאַרְבֶּ֔ה וְיֶ֥תֶר הָאַרְבֶּ֖ה אָכַ֣ל הַיָּ֑לֶק וְיֶ֣תֶר הַיֶּ֔לֶק אָכַ֖ל הֶחָסִֽיל׃", "text": "*Yeṯer* *haggāzām* *ʾāḵal* *hāʾarbeh* *wə*-*yeṯer* *hāʾarbeh* *ʾāḵal* *hayyāleq* *wə*-*yeṯer* *hayyeleq* *ʾāḵal* *heḥāsîl*", "grammar": { "*Yeṯer*": "noun, masculine singular construct - remainder of, what is left of", "*haggāzām*": "definite article + noun, masculine singular - the cutting locust/gnawer", "*ʾāḵal*": "Qal perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - ate, devoured", "*hāʾarbeh*": "definite article + noun, masculine singular - the swarming locust", "*wə*": "conjunction - and", "*yeṯer*": "noun, masculine singular construct - remainder of, what is left of", "*hāʾarbeh*": "definite article + noun, masculine singular - the swarming locust", "*ʾāḵal*": "Qal perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - ate, devoured", "*hayyāleq*": "definite article + noun, masculine singular - the hopping locust/licker", "*wə*": "conjunction - and", "*yeṯer*": "noun, masculine singular construct - remainder of, what is left of", "*hayyeleq*": "definite article + noun, masculine singular - the hopping locust/licker", "*ʾāḵal*": "Qal perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - ate, devoured", "*heḥāsîl*": "definite article + noun, masculine singular - the destroying locust/consumer" }, "variants": { "*Yeṯer*": "remainder/residue/what is left", "*haggāzām*": "the cutting locust/gnawer/shearer", "*ʾāḵal*": "ate/devoured/consumed", "*hāʾarbeh*": "the swarming locust/numerous locust", "*hayyāleq*": "the hopping locust/licker/devourer", "*heḥāsîl*": "the destroying locust/consumer/stripping locust" } } 5 { "verseID": "Joel.1.5", "source": "הָקִ֤יצוּ שִׁכּוֹרִים֙ וּבְכ֔וּ וְהֵילִ֖לוּ כָּל־שֹׁ֣תֵי יָ֑יִן עַל־עָסִ֕יס כִּ֥י נִכְרַ֖ת מִפִּיכֶֽם׃", "text": "*Hāqîṣû* *šikkôrîm* *ûḇəḵû* *wə*-*hêlîlû* *kāl*-*šōṯê* *yāyîn* *ʿal*-*ʿāsîs* *kî* *niḵraṯ* *mippîḵem*", "grammar": { "*Hāqîṣû*": "Hiphil imperative, masculine plural - wake up, awake", "*šikkôrîm*": "noun, masculine plural - drunkards", "*ûḇəḵû*": "conjunction + Qal imperative, masculine plural - and weep", "*wə*": "conjunction - and", "*hêlîlû*": "Hiphil imperative, masculine plural - wail, howl", "*kāl*": "construct state - all of", "*šōṯê*": "Qal participle, masculine plural construct - drinkers of", "*yāyîn*": "noun, masculine singular - wine", "*ʿal*": "preposition - because of, concerning", "*ʿāsîs*": "noun, masculine singular - sweet wine, new wine", "*kî*": "conjunction - for, because", "*niḵraṯ*": "Niphal perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - is cut off", "*mippîḵem*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular construct + 2nd person masculine plural suffix - from your mouth" }, "variants": { "*Hāqîṣû*": "wake up/awake/arise", "*šikkôrîm*": "drunkards/intoxicated ones", "*ûḇəḵû*": "and weep/cry/mourn", "*hêlîlû*": "wail/howl/lament", "*šōṯê*": "drinkers of/those who drink", "*yāyîn*": "wine/fermented drink", "*ʿāsîs*": "sweet wine/new wine/juice", "*niḵraṯ*": "is cut off/removed/withheld" } } 6 { "verseID": "Joel.1.6", "source": "כִּֽי־גוֹי֙ עָלָ֣ה עַל־אַרְצִ֔י עָצ֖וּם וְאֵ֣ין מִסְפָּ֑ר שִׁנָּיו֙ שִׁנֵּ֣י אַרְיֵ֔ה וּֽמְתַלְּע֥וֹת לָבִ֖יא לֽוֹ׃", "text": "*Kî*-*gôy* *ʿālāh* *ʿal*-*ʾarṣî* *ʿāṣûm* *wə*-*ʾên* *mispār* *šinnāyw* *šinnê* *ʾaryêh* *û*-*məṯalləʿôṯ* *lāḇîʾ* *lô*", "grammar": { "*Kî*": "conjunction - for, because", "*gôy*": "noun, masculine singular - nation, people", "*ʿālāh*": "Qal perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - has come up, ascended", "*ʿal*": "preposition - against, upon", "*ʾarṣî*": "noun, feminine singular construct + 1st person common singular suffix - my land", "*ʿāṣûm*": "adjective, masculine singular - mighty, strong", "*wə*": "conjunction - and", "*ʾên*": "particle of negation - there is no", "*mispār*": "noun, masculine singular - number, count", "*šinnāyw*": "noun, feminine plural construct + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - its teeth", "*šinnê*": "noun, feminine plural construct - teeth of", "*ʾaryêh*": "noun, masculine singular - lion", "*û*": "conjunction - and", "*məṯalləʿôṯ*": "noun, feminine plural construct - fangs of", "*lāḇîʾ*": "noun, feminine singular - lioness", "*lô*": "preposition + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - to it, belonging to it" }, "variants": { "*gôy*": "nation/people/heathen", "*ʿālāh*": "has come up/ascended/invaded", "*ʿāṣûm*": "mighty/strong/numerous", "*mispār*": "number/count/quantity", "*ʾaryêh*": "lion/powerful one", "*məṯalləʿôṯ*": "fangs/jaw teeth", "*lāḇîʾ*": "lioness/great lion" } }
• Joel 2:2-9 : 2 { "verseID": "Joel.2.2", "source": "י֧וֹם חֹ֣שֶׁךְ וַאֲפֵלָ֗ה י֤וֹם עָנָן֙ וַעֲרָפֶ֔ל כְּשַׁ֖חַר פָּרֻ֣שׂ עַל־הֶֽהָרִ֑ים עַ֚ם רַ֣ב וְעָצ֔וּם כָּמֹ֗הוּ לֹ֤א נִֽהְיָה֙ מִן־הָ֣עוֹלָ֔ם וְאַֽחֲרָיו֙ לֹ֣א יוֹסֵ֔ף עַד־שְׁנֵ֖י דּ֥וֹר וָדֽוֹר׃", "text": "*Yôm* *ḥōshekh* and-*ʾăfēlâ* *yôm* *ʿānān* and-*ʿărāfel* like-*shaḥar* *pārūs* upon-the-*hehārîm* *ʿam* *rab* and-*ʿātsûm* like-*kāmōhû* not *nihyâ* from-the-*hāʿôlām* and-*ʾaḥărāyw* not *yôsēf* until-*shenê* *dôr* and-*dôr*.", "grammar": { "*Yôm*": "masculine singular construct - day of", "*ḥōshekh*": "masculine singular noun - darkness", "*ʾăfēlâ*": "feminine singular noun - gloom/thick darkness", "*ʿānān*": "masculine singular noun - cloud", "*ʿărāfel*": "masculine singular noun - thick darkness/heavy cloud", "*shaḥar*": "masculine singular noun - dawn/daybreak", "*pārūs*": "qal passive participle, masculine singular - spread/stretched", "*hehārîm*": "masculine plural noun with definite article - the mountains", "*ʿam*": "masculine singular noun - people/nation", "*rab*": "masculine singular adjective - great/numerous/many", "*ʿātsûm*": "masculine singular adjective - mighty/strong", "*kāmōhû*": "preposition with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - like it", "*nihyâ*": "niphal perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - has been/occurred", "*hāʿôlām*": "masculine singular noun with definite article - the eternity/ancient times", "*ʾaḥărāyw*": "preposition with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - after it", "*yôsēf*": "hophal imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - will be added/will occur again", "*shenê*": "construct plural of 'year' - years of", "*dôr*": "masculine singular noun - generation" }, "variants": { "*ḥōshekh*": "darkness/obscurity", "*ʾăfēlâ*": "gloom/thick darkness", "*ʿānān*": "cloud/cloudy mass", "*ʿărāfel*": "thick darkness/heavy cloud/gloom", "*shaḥar*": "dawn/daybreak/morning light", "*pārūs*": "spread/stretched/dispersed", "*ʿam*": "people/nation/army", "*rab*": "great/numerous/many/abundant", "*ʿātsûm*": "mighty/strong/powerful", "*nihyâ*": "has been/occurred/existed", "*hāʿôlām*": "the eternity/ancient times/antiquity", "*yôsēf*": "will be added/will occur again/will be repeated" } } 3 { "verseID": "Joel.2.3", "source": "לְפָנָיו֙ אָ֣כְלָה אֵ֔שׁ וְאַחֲרָ֖יו תְּלַהֵ֣ט לֶֽהָבָ֑ה כְּגַן־עֵ֨דֶן הָאָ֜רֶץ לְפָנָ֗יו וְאַֽחֲרָיו֙ מִדְבַּ֣ר שְׁמָמָ֔ה וְגַם־פְּלֵיטָ֖ה לֹא־הָ֥יְתָה לּֽוֹ׃", "text": "*Lefānāyw* *ʾākhelâ* *ʾēsh* and-*ʾaḥărāyw* *telahet* *lehābâ* like-garden-*ʿēden* the-*hāʾārets* *lefānāyw* and-*ʾaḥărāyw* *midbar* *shemāmâ* and-also-*pelêtâ* not-*hāyetâ* to-him.", "grammar": { "*Lefānāyw*": "preposition with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - before him", "*ʾākhelâ*": "qal perfect, 3rd person feminine singular - consumes/devours", "*ʾēsh*": "feminine singular noun - fire", "*ʾaḥărāyw*": "preposition with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - after him/behind him", "*telahet*": "piel imperfect, 3rd person feminine singular - sets ablaze/burns", "*lehābâ*": "feminine singular noun - flame", "*ʿēden*": "proper noun - Eden", "*hāʾārets*": "feminine singular noun with definite article - the land/earth", "*midbar*": "masculine singular construct - wilderness of", "*shemāmâ*": "feminine singular noun - desolation/wasteland", "*pelêtâ*": "feminine singular noun - escape/deliverance", "*hāyetâ*": "qal perfect, 3rd person feminine singular - was/existed", "to-him": "prepositional phrase with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - to him/for him" }, "variants": { "*ʾākhelâ*": "consumes/devours/eats", "*telahet*": "sets ablaze/burns/inflames", "*lehābâ*": "flame/blaze", "*midbar*": "wilderness/desert/uninhabited land", "*shemāmâ*": "desolation/wasteland/devastation", "*pelêtâ*": "escape/deliverance/survivor" } } 4 { "verseID": "Joel.2.4", "source": "כְּמַרְאֵ֥ה סוּסִ֖ים מַרְאֵ֑הוּ וּכְפָרָשִׁ֖ים כֵּ֥ן יְרוּצֽוּן׃", "text": "Like-*marʾēh* *sûsîm* *marʾēhû* and-like-*fārāshîm* so *yerûtsûn*.", "grammar": { "*marʾēh*": "masculine singular construct - appearance of", "*sûsîm*": "masculine plural noun - horses", "*marʾēhû*": "masculine singular noun with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - its appearance", "*fārāshîm*": "masculine plural noun - horsemen/cavalry", "*yerûtsûn*": "qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine plural - they run" }, "variants": { "*marʾēh*": "appearance/sight/vision", "*sûsîm*": "horses/steeds", "*fārāshîm*": "horsemen/cavalry/war horses", "*yerûtsûn*": "they run/they dash/they race" } } 5 { "verseID": "Joel.2.5", "source": "כְּק֣וֹל מַרְכָּב֗וֹת עַל־רָאשֵׁ֤י הֶֽהָרִים֙ יְרַקֵּד֔וּן כְּקוֹל֙ לַ֣הַב אֵ֔שׁ אֹכְלָ֖ה קָ֑שׁ כְּעַ֣ם עָצ֔וּם עֱר֖וּךְ מִלְחָמָֽה׃", "text": "Like-*qôl* *merkābôt* upon-*rāʾshê* the-*hehārîm* *yeraqēdûn* like-*qôl* *lahab* *ʾēsh* *ʾōkhelâ* *qāsh* like-*ʿam* *ʿātsûm* *ʿărûkh* *milḥāmâ*.", "grammar": { "*qôl*": "masculine singular construct - sound of", "*merkābôt*": "feminine plural noun - chariots", "*rāʾshê*": "masculine plural construct - tops of/heads of", "*hehārîm*": "masculine plural noun with definite article - the mountains", "*yeraqēdûn*": "piel imperfect, 3rd person masculine plural - they leap/skip", "*lahab*": "masculine singular construct - flame of", "*ʾēsh*": "feminine singular noun - fire", "*ʾōkhelâ*": "qal participle, feminine singular - consuming/devouring", "*qāsh*": "masculine singular noun - stubble/straw", "*ʿam*": "masculine singular construct - people of", "*ʿātsûm*": "masculine singular adjective - mighty/strong", "*ʿărûkh*": "qal passive participle, masculine singular - arranged/set in order", "*milḥāmâ*": "feminine singular noun - battle/war" }, "variants": { "*qôl*": "sound/noise/voice", "*merkābôt*": "chariots/war vehicles", "*yeraqēdûn*": "they leap/they skip/they dance/they bound", "*lahab*": "flame/blaze", "*ʾōkhelâ*": "consuming/devouring/eating", "*qāsh*": "stubble/straw/chaff", "*ʿātsûm*": "mighty/strong/powerful", "*ʿărûkh*": "arranged/set in order/prepared" } } 6 { "verseID": "Joel.2.6", "source": "מִפָּנָ֖יו יָחִ֣ילוּ עַמִּ֑ים כָּל־פָּנִ֖ים קִבְּצ֥וּ פָארֽוּר׃", "text": "From-*pānāyw* *yāḥîlû* *ʿammîm* all-*pānîm* *qibbetsû* *pāʾrûr*.", "grammar": { "*pānāyw*": "masculine plural noun with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his face/his presence", "*yāḥîlû*": "qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine plural - they writhe/they are in anguish", "*ʿammîm*": "masculine plural noun - peoples/nations", "*pānîm*": "masculine plural noun - faces", "*qibbetsû*": "piel perfect, 3rd person plural - they gather/collect", "*pāʾrûr*": "masculine singular noun - glow/redness/paleness" }, "variants": { "*yāḥîlû*": "they writhe/they are in anguish/they tremble", "*ʿammîm*": "peoples/nations/tribes", "*qibbetsû*": "they gather/collect/draw in", "*pāʾrûr*": "glow/redness/paleness/blackness" } } 7 { "verseID": "Joel.2.7", "source": "כְּגִבּוֹרִ֣ים יְרֻצ֔וּן כְּאַנְשֵׁ֥י מִלְחָמָ֖ה יַעֲל֣וּ חוֹמָ֑ה וְאִ֤ישׁ בִּדְרָכָיו֙ יֵֽלֵכ֔וּן וְלֹ֥א יְעַבְּט֖וּן אֹרְחוֹתָֽם׃", "text": "Like-*gibbôrîm* *yerūtsûn* like-*ʾanshê* *milḥāmâ* *yaʿălû* *ḥômâ* and-*ʾîsh* in-*derākhāyw* *yēlēkhûn* and-not *yeʿabbetûn* *ʾōreḥôtām*.", "grammar": { "*gibbôrîm*": "masculine plural noun - mighty men/warriors", "*yerūtsûn*": "qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine plural - they run", "*ʾanshê*": "masculine plural construct - men of", "*milḥāmâ*": "feminine singular noun - war/battle", "*yaʿălû*": "qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine plural - they climb/ascend", "*ḥômâ*": "feminine singular noun - wall", "*ʾîsh*": "masculine singular noun - man/each one", "*derākhāyw*": "masculine plural noun with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his ways", "*yēlēkhûn*": "qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine plural - they walk/go", "*yeʿabbetûn*": "piel imperfect, 3rd person masculine plural - they change/deviate", "*ʾōreḥôtām*": "feminine plural noun with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - their paths" }, "variants": { "*gibbôrîm*": "mighty men/warriors/heroes", "*yerūtsûn*": "they run/race/dash", "*ʾanshê*": "men of/people of", "*yaʿălû*": "they climb/ascend/go up", "*yēlēkhûn*": "they walk/go/proceed", "*yeʿabbetûn*": "they change/deviate/turn aside/entangle" } } 8 { "verseID": "Joel.2.8", "source": "וְאִ֤ישׁ אָחִיו֙ לֹ֣א יִדְחָק֔וּן גֶּ֥בֶר בִּמְסִלָּת֖וֹ יֵֽלֵכ֑וּן וּבְעַ֥ד הַשֶּׁ֛לַח יִפֹּ֖לוּ לֹ֥א יִבְצָֽעוּ׃", "text": "And-*ʾîsh* *ʾāḥîw* not *yidḥāqûn* *geber* in-*mesillātô* *yēlēkhûn* and-through the-*shelaḥ* *yippōlû* not *yibtsāʿû*.", "grammar": { "*ʾîsh*": "masculine singular noun - man/each one", "*ʾāḥîw*": "masculine singular noun with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his brother", "*yidḥāqûn*": "qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine plural - they press/crowd", "*geber*": "masculine singular noun - man/strong man", "*mesillātô*": "feminine singular noun with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his path/highway", "*yēlēkhûn*": "qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine plural - they walk/go", "*shelaḥ*": "masculine singular noun with definite article - weapon/missile/javelin", "*yippōlû*": "qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine plural - they fall", "*yibtsāʿû*": "qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine plural - they break off/cut off" }, "variants": { "*yidḥāqûn*": "they press/crowd/jostle/thrust", "*geber*": "man/strong man/mighty man", "*mesillātô*": "his path/highway/course", "*shelaḥ*": "weapon/missile/javelin/defense", "*yippōlû*": "they fall/drop/collapse", "*yibtsāʿû*": "they break off/cut off/cease/are wounded" } } 9 { "verseID": "Joel.2.9", "source": "בָּעִ֣יר יָשֹׁ֗קּוּ בַּֽחוֹמָה֙ יְרֻצ֔וּן בַּבָּתִּ֖ים יַעֲל֑וּ בְּעַ֧ד הַחַלּוֹנִ֛ים יָבֹ֖אוּ כַּגַּנָּֽב׃", "text": "In-the-*ʿîr* *yāshōqqû* in-the-*ḥômâ* *yerūtsûn* in-the-*bāttîm* *yaʿălû* through the-*ḥallônîm* *yābōʾû* like-the-*gannāb*.", "grammar": { "*ʿîr*": "feminine singular noun with definite article - the city", "*yāshōqqû*": "qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine plural - they rush/swarm", "*ḥômâ*": "feminine singular noun with definite article - the wall", "*yerūtsûn*": "qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine plural - they run", "*bāttîm*": "masculine plural noun with definite article - the houses", "*yaʿălû*": "qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine plural - they climb/ascend", "*ḥallônîm*": "masculine plural noun with definite article - the windows", "*yābōʾû*": "qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine plural - they come/enter", "*gannāb*": "masculine singular noun with definite article - the thief" }, "variants": { "*yāshōqqû*": "they rush/swarm/surge/run to and fro", "*yerūtsûn*": "they run/race/dash", "*yaʿălû*": "they climb/ascend/go up", "*yābōʾû*": "they come/enter/arrive" } } 10 { "verseID": "Joel.2.10", "source": "לְפָנָיו֙ רָ֣גְזָה אֶ֔רֶץ רָעֲשׁ֖וּ שָׁמָ֑יִם שֶׁ֤מֶשׁ וְיָרֵ֙חַ֙ קָדָ֔רוּ וְכוֹכָבִ֖ים אָסְפ֥וּ נָגְהָֽם׃", "text": "Before-*pānāyw* *rāgezâ* *ʾerets* *rāʿăshû* *shāmāyim* *shemesh* and-*yārēaḥ* *qādārû* and-*kôkhābîm* *ʾāsefû* *nāgehām*.", "grammar": { "*pānāyw*": "masculine plural noun with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his face/his presence", "*rāgezâ*": "qal perfect, 3rd person feminine singular - quakes/trembles", "*ʾerets*": "feminine singular noun - earth/land", "*rāʿăshû*": "qal perfect, 3rd person plural - shake/quake", "*shāmāyim*": "masculine dual noun - heavens/sky", "*shemesh*": "feminine singular noun - sun", "*yārēaḥ*": "masculine singular noun - moon", "*qādārû*": "qal perfect, 3rd person plural - become dark/become black", "*kôkhābîm*": "masculine plural noun - stars", "*ʾāsefû*": "qal perfect, 3rd person plural - withdraw/gather in", "*nāgehām*": "masculine singular noun with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - their brightness" }, "variants": { "*rāgezâ*": "quakes/trembles/is agitated", "*rāʿăshû*": "shake/quake/tremble", "*qādārû*": "become dark/become black/mourn", "*ʾāsefû*": "withdraw/gather in/take away" } } 11 { "verseID": "Joel.2.11", "source": "וַֽיהוָ֗ה נָתַ֤ן קוֹלוֹ֙ לִפְנֵ֣י חֵיל֔וֹ כִּ֣י רַ֤ב מְאֹד֙ מַחֲנֵ֔הוּ כִּ֥י עָצ֖וּם עֹשֵׂ֣ה דְבָר֑וֹ כִּֽי־גָד֧וֹל יוֹם־יְהוָ֛ה וְנוֹרָ֥א מְאֹ֖ד וּמִ֥י יְכִילֶֽנּוּ׃", "text": "And-*YHWH* *nātan* *qôlô* before *ḥêlô* because *rab* very *maḥănēhû* because *ʿātsûm* *ʿōsēh* *debārô* because-*gādôl* *yôm*-*YHWH* and-*nôrāʾ* very and-who *yekhîlennû*.", "grammar": { "*YHWH*": "proper noun - divine name", "*nātan*": "qal perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - gives/utters", "*qôlô*": "masculine singular noun with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his voice", "*ḥêlô*": "masculine singular noun with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his army", "*rab*": "masculine singular adjective - great/numerous", "*maḥănēhû*": "masculine singular noun with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his camp/host", "*ʿātsûm*": "masculine singular adjective - mighty/strong", "*ʿōsēh*": "qal participle, masculine singular - doer of/performer of", "*debārô*": "masculine singular noun with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his word", "*gādôl*": "masculine singular adjective - great/large", "*yôm*": "masculine singular construct - day of", "*nôrāʾ*": "niphal participle, masculine singular - feared/dreadful", "*yekhîlennû*": "hiphil imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - can endure it" }, "variants": { "*nātan*": "gives/utters/puts forth", "*qôlô*": "his voice/his thunder", "*rab*": "great/numerous/abundant", "*ʿātsûm*": "mighty/strong/powerful", "*ʿōsēh*": "doer of/performer of/executor of", "*gādôl*": "great/large/mighty", "*nôrāʾ*": "feared/dreadful/awesome/terrible", "*yekhîlennû*": "can endure it/can bear it/can contain it" } }
• Jer 1:14-15 : 14 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.1.14", "source": "וַיֹּ֥אמֶר יְהוָ֖ה אֵלָ֑י מִצָּפוֹן֙ תִּפָּתַ֣ח הָרָעָ֔ה עַ֥ל כָּל־יֹשְׁבֵ֖י הָאָֽרֶץ׃", "text": "*wa-yōʾmer* *YHWH* *ʾēlāy* from-*ṣāpôn* *tippātaḥ* *hā-rāʿāh* upon all-*yōšĕbê* *hā-ʾāreṣ*", "grammar": { "*wa-yōʾmer*": "waw-consecutive with Qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and he said", "*YHWH*": "divine name - Yahweh/LORD", "*ʾēlāy*": "preposition with 1st person singular suffix - to me", "*ṣāpôn*": "singular noun - north", "*tippātaḥ*": "Niphal imperfect 3rd feminine singular - will be opened/will break forth", "*hā-rāʿāh*": "definite article + feminine singular noun - the evil/disaster", "*yōšĕbê*": "Qal participle masculine plural construct - dwellers/inhabitants of", "*hā-ʾāreṣ*": "definite article + feminine singular noun - the land/earth" }, "variants": { "*tippātaḥ*": "will be opened/will break forth/will be let loose", "*hā-rāʿāh*": "the evil/the disaster/the calamity", "*hā-ʾāreṣ*": "the land/the earth/the country/the territory" } } 15 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.1.15", "source": "כִּ֣י ׀ הִנְנִ֣י קֹרֵ֗א לְכָֽל־מִשְׁפְּח֛וֹת מַמְלְכ֥וֹת צָפ֖וֹנָה נְאֻם־יְהוָ֑ה וּבָ֡אוּ וְֽנָתְנוּ֩ אִ֨ישׁ כִּסְא֜וֹ פֶּ֣תַח ׀ שַׁעֲרֵ֣י יְרוּשָׁלִַ֗ם וְעַ֤ל כָּל־חוֹמֹתֶ֙יהָ֙ סָבִ֔יב וְעַ֖ל כָּל־עָרֵ֥י יְהוּדָֽה׃", "text": "Because *hinnĕnî* *qōrēʾ* to-all-*mišpĕḥôt* *mamlĕkôt* *ṣāpônāh* *nĕʾum*-*YHWH* and-*bāʾû* and-*nātĕnû* *ʾîš* *kisʾô* *petaḥ* *šaʿărê* *Yĕrûšālaim* and-upon all-*ḥômōtêhā* *sābîb* and-upon all-*ʿārê* *Yĕhûdāh*", "grammar": { "*hinnĕnî*": "demonstrative particle with 1st person singular suffix - behold me", "*qōrēʾ*": "Qal participle masculine singular - calling", "*mišpĕḥôt*": "plural noun construct - families/clans of", "*mamlĕkôt*": "plural noun construct - kingdoms of", "*ṣāpônāh*": "singular noun with directional he - northward", "*nĕʾum*": "construct singular - declaration of", "*YHWH*": "divine name - Yahweh/LORD", "*bāʾû*": "Qal perfect 3rd common plural - they will come", "*nātĕnû*": "Qal perfect 3rd common plural - they will set", "*ʾîš*": "singular noun - each man", "*kisʾô*": "singular noun with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his throne", "*petaḥ*": "construct singular - entrance of", "*šaʿărê*": "plural noun construct - gates of", "*Yĕrûšālaim*": "proper name - Jerusalem", "*ḥômōtêhā*": "plural noun with 3rd feminine singular suffix - her walls", "*sābîb*": "adverb - around/surrounding", "*ʿārê*": "plural noun construct - cities of", "*Yĕhûdāh*": "proper name - Judah" }, "variants": { "*hinnĕnî*": "behold me/look, I am/here I am", "*qōrēʾ*": "calling/summoning/proclaiming", "*mišpĕḥôt*": "families/clans/tribes", "*nātĕnû*": "they will set/they will place/they will establish", "*kisʾô*": "his throne/his seat of authority", "*sābîb*": "around/all around/on every side" } }
• Ezek 39:12-16 : 12 { "verseID": "Ezekiel.39.12", "source": "וּקְבָרוּם֙ בֵּ֣ית יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל לְמַ֖עַן טַהֵ֣ר אֶת־הָאָ֑רֶץ שִׁבְעָ֖ה חֳדָשִֽׁים", "text": "And *qəbārûm* *bêt* *Yiśrāʾēl* in order to *ṭahēr* the *ʾāreṣ*: *šibʿâ* *ḥŏdāšîm*", "grammar": { "*qəbārûm*": "qal perfect, 3rd plural with 3rd masculine plural suffix - they will bury them", "*bêt*": "noun, masculine singular construct - house of", "*Yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel", "*ṭahēr*": "piel infinitive construct - to cleanse/purify", "*ʾāreṣ*": "noun, feminine singular with definite article - the land/earth", "*šibʿâ*": "number, masculine singular - seven", "*ḥŏdāšîm*": "noun, masculine plural - months" }, "variants": { "*ṭahēr*": "cleanse/purify/purge/make clean" } } 13 { "verseID": "Ezekiel.39.13", "source": "וְקָֽבְרוּ֙ כָּל־עַ֣ם הָאָ֔רֶץ וְהָיָ֥ה לָהֶ֖ם לְשֵׁ֑ם י֚וֹם הִכָּ֣בְדִ֔י נְאֻ֖ם אֲדֹנָ֥י יְהוִֽה", "text": "And they shall *qābrû* all the *ʿam* of the *ʾāreṣ*, and it shall *hāyâ* to them for *šēm*, the *yôm* of my *hikkābədî*, *nəʾum* *ʾădōnāy* *YHWH*", "grammar": { "*qābrû*": "qal perfect, 3rd plural - they will bury", "*ʿam*": "noun, masculine singular construct - people of", "*ʾāreṣ*": "noun, feminine singular with definite article - the land/earth", "*hāyâ*": "qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - it will be", "*šēm*": "noun, masculine singular - name/renown", "*yôm*": "noun, masculine singular construct - day of", "*hikkābədî*": "niphal infinitive construct with 1st singular suffix - my being glorified", "*nəʾum*": "noun, masculine singular construct - declaration of", "*ʾădōnāy*": "noun, masculine singular construct with 1st person suffix - my Lord", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - LORD/Yahweh" }, "variants": { "*šēm*": "name/renown/fame/reputation", "*hikkābədî*": "my being glorified/honored/made heavy" } } 14 { "verseID": "Ezekiel.39.14", "source": "וְאַנְשֵׁ֨י תָמִ֤יד יַבְדִּ֙ילוּ֙ עֹבְרִ֣ים בָּאָ֔רֶץ מְקַבְּרִ֣ים אֶת־הָעֹבְרִ֗ים אֶת־הַנּוֹתָרִ֛ים עַל־פְּנֵ֥י הָאָ֖רֶץ לְטַֽהֲרָ֑הּ מִקְצֵ֥ה שִׁבְעָֽה־חֳדָשִׁ֖ים יַחְקֹֽרוּ", "text": "And *ʾanšê* of *tāmîd* they shall *yabdîlû* *ʿōbərîm* in the *ʾāreṣ*, *məqabbərîm* the *hāʿōbərîm*, those *hannôtārîm* upon *pənê* of the *ʾāreṣ*, to *ṭahărāh*; at the *miqqəṣēh* of *šibʿâ*-*ḥŏdāšîm* they shall *yaḥqōrû*", "grammar": { "*ʾanšê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - men of", "*tāmîd*": "noun, masculine singular - continuance/regularity", "*yabdîlû*": "hiphil imperfect, 3rd plural - they will separate/set apart", "*ʿōbərîm*": "qal participle, masculine plural - those passing through", "*ʾāreṣ*": "noun, feminine singular with definite article - the land/earth", "*məqabbərîm*": "piel participle, masculine plural - those burying", "*hāʿōbərîm*": "qal participle, masculine plural with definite article - the passers-by", "*hannôtārîm*": "niphal participle, masculine plural with definite article - those remaining/left", "*pənê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - face/surface of", "*ṭahărāh*": "piel infinitive construct with 3rd feminine singular suffix - to cleanse it", "*miqqəṣēh*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular construct - from end of", "*šibʿâ*": "number, masculine singular - seven", "*ḥŏdāšîm*": "noun, masculine plural - months", "*yaḥqōrû*": "qal imperfect, 3rd plural - they will search/investigate" }, "variants": { "*tāmîd*": "continuance/regularity/permanence/constancy", "*ʿōbərîm*": "those passing through/travelers/passers-by", "*hannôtārîm*": "those remaining/left/surviving" } } 15 { "verseID": "Ezekiel.39.15", "source": "וְעָבְר֤וּ הָעֹֽבְרִים֙ בָּאָ֔רֶץ וְרָאָה֙ עֶ֣צֶם אָדָ֔ם וּבָנָ֥ה אֶצְל֖וֹ צִיּ֑וּן עַ֣ד קָבְר֤וּ אֹתוֹ֙ הַֽמְקַבְּרִ֔ים אֶל־גֵּ֖יא הֲמ֥וֹן גּֽוֹג", "text": "And *ʿābrû* the *hāʿōbərîm* in the *ʾāreṣ*, and if one *rāʾâ* *ʿeṣem* of *ʾādām*, then he shall *bānâ* beside it a *ṣiyyûn*, until *qābrû* it the *haməqabbərîm* to *gêʾ* *hămôn* *Gôg*", "grammar": { "*ʿābrû*": "qal perfect, 3rd plural - they will pass through", "*hāʿōbərîm*": "qal participle, masculine plural with definite article - the passers-by", "*ʾāreṣ*": "noun, feminine singular with definite article - the land/earth", "*rāʾâ*": "qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - he sees/will see", "*ʿeṣem*": "noun, feminine singular construct - bone of", "*ʾādām*": "noun, masculine singular - man/human", "*bānâ*": "qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - he will build", "*ṣiyyûn*": "noun, masculine singular - marker/sign post", "*qābrû*": "qal perfect, 3rd plural - they will bury", "*haməqabbərîm*": "piel participle, masculine plural with definite article - the buriers", "*gêʾ*": "noun, masculine singular construct - valley of", "*hămôn*": "noun, masculine singular construct - multitude of", "*Gôg*": "proper noun - Gog" }, "variants": { "*ṣiyyûn*": "marker/sign post/monument/waymark" } } 16 { "verseID": "Ezekiel.39.16", "source": "וְגַ֥ם שֶׁם־עִ֛יר הֲמוֹנָ֖ה וְטִהֲר֥וּ הָאָֽרֶץ", "text": "And also the *šem* of a *ʿîr* will be *hămônâ*; and they shall *ṭihărû* the *ʾāreṣ*", "grammar": { "*šem*": "noun, masculine singular construct - name of", "*ʿîr*": "noun, feminine singular - city", "*hămônâ*": "noun, masculine singular with 3rd feminine singular suffix - its multitude/Hamonah", "*ṭihărû*": "piel perfect, 3rd plural - they will cleanse", "*ʾāreṣ*": "noun, feminine singular with definite article - the land/earth" }, "variants": { "*hămônâ*": "Hamonah (proper name)/its multitude" } }
• Ezek 47:7-8 : 7 { "verseID": "Ezekiel.47.7", "source": "בְּשׁוּבֵ֕נִי וְהִנֵּה֙ אֶל־שְׂפַ֣ת הַנַּ֔חַל עֵ֖ץ רַ֣ב מְאֹ֑ד מִזֶּ֖ה וּמִזֶּֽה", "text": "In-*šûbēnî* *wə-hinnēh* to-*śəpat* the-*naḥal* *ʿēṣ* *rab* *məʾōd* from-*zeh* and-from-*zeh*", "grammar": { "*šûbēnî*": "Qal infinitive construct with 1st singular suffix - my returning", "*wə-hinnēh*": "conjunction + demonstrative particle - and behold", "*śəpat*": "noun feminine singular construct - bank of", "*naḥal*": "noun masculine singular with definite article - the river", "*ʿēṣ*": "noun masculine singular - tree", "*rab*": "adjective masculine singular - many/great", "*məʾōd*": "adverb - very/exceedingly", "*zeh*": "demonstrative pronoun masculine singular - this" }, "variants": { "*šûbēnî*": "my returning/when I returned", "*wə-hinnēh*": "and behold/and lo", "*śəpat*": "bank/edge/shore of", "*naḥal*": "river/stream/wadi/torrent", "*ʿēṣ*": "tree/trees/wood", "*rab*": "many/numerous/great/large", "*məʾōd*": "very/exceedingly/greatly", "*zeh*": "this/this side" } } 8 { "verseID": "Ezekiel.47.8", "source": "וַיֹּ֣אמֶר אֵלַ֗י הַמַּ֤יִם הָאֵ֙לֶּה֙ יוֹצְאִ֗ים אֶל־הַגְּלִילָה֙ הַקַּדְמוֹנָ֔ה וְיָרְד֖וּ עַל־הָֽעֲרָבָ֑ה וּבָ֣אוּ הַיָּ֔מָּה אֶל־הַיָּ֥מָּה הַמּֽוּצָאִ֖ים וְנִרְפּ֥וּ הַמָּֽיִם", "text": "*wa-yōʾmer* to-me, the-*mayim* the-*ʾēlleh* *yôṣəʾîm* to-the-*gəlîlāh* the-*qadmôwōnāh* *wə-yārədû* to-the-*ʿărābāh*; *û-bāʾû* the-*yāmmāh*, to-the-*yāmmāh* the-*mûṣāʾîm*, *wə-nirpəʾû* the-*māyim*", "grammar": { "*wa-yōʾmer*": "conjunction + Qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and he said", "*mayim*": "noun masculine plural with definite article - the waters", "*ʾēlleh*": "demonstrative pronoun common plural with definite article - these", "*yôṣəʾîm*": "Qal participle masculine plural - going out/flowing", "*gəlîlāh*": "noun feminine singular with definite article - the region/circuit", "*qadmôwōnāh*": "adjective feminine singular with definite article - the eastern", "*wə-yārədû*": "conjunction + Qal perfect 3rd common plural - and they will go down", "*ʿărābāh*": "noun feminine singular with definite article - the Arabah/desert plain", "*û-bāʾû*": "conjunction + Qal perfect 3rd common plural - and they will come", "*yāmmāh*": "noun masculine singular with directional he + definite article - to the sea", "*mûṣāʾîm*": "Hophal participle masculine plural with definite article - the ones brought out", "*wə-nirpəʾû*": "conjunction + Niphal perfect 3rd common plural - and they will be healed", "*māyim*": "noun masculine plural with definite article - the waters" }, "variants": { "*wa-yōʾmer*": "and he said/and he spoke", "*mayim*": "waters/water", "*ʾēlleh*": "these", "*yôṣəʾîm*": "going out/flowing/emerging", "*gəlîlāh*": "region/circuit/district/Galilee", "*qadmôwōnāh*": "eastern/eastern region", "*wə-yārədû*": "and they will go down/and they will descend", "*ʿărābāh*": "Arabah/desert plain/valley", "*û-bāʾû*": "and they will come/and they will enter", "*yāmmāh*": "to the sea/seaward", "*mûṣāʾîm*": "brought out/carried forth/emptied", "*wə-nirpəʾû*": "and they will be healed/and they will be made fresh", "*māyim*": "waters/water" } }
• 2 Kgs 8:13 : 13 { "verseID": "2 Kings.8.13", "source": "וַיֹּ֣אמֶר חְזָהאֵ֔ל כִּ֣י מָ֤ה עַבְדְּךָ֙ הַכֶּ֔לֶב כִּ֣י יַעֲשֶׂ֔ה הַדָּבָ֥ר הַגָּד֖וֹל הַזֶּ֑ה וַיֹּ֣אמֶר אֱלִישָׁ֔ע הִרְאַ֧נִי יְהוָ֛ה אֹתְךָ֖ מֶ֥לֶךְ עַל־אֲרָֽם׃", "text": "And *yōʾmer* *ḥəzāhʾēl*, for what is your servant, the *keleb*, that he would do this *dābār* *gādôl* *zeh*? And *yōʾmer* *ʾĕlîšāʿ*, *hirʾanî* *YHWH* you as *melek* over *ʾărām*.", "grammar": { "*yōʾmer*": "verb, qal imperfect with waw consecutive, 3rd person masculine singular - he said", "*ḥəzāhʾēl*": "proper noun - Hazael", "*keleb*": "noun, masculine singular with definite article - the dog", "*dābār*": "noun, masculine singular with definite article - the thing/matter", "*gādôl*": "adjective, masculine singular with definite article - great/large", "*zeh*": "demonstrative pronoun, masculine singular - this", "*ʾĕlîšāʿ*": "proper noun - Elisha", "*hirʾanî*": "verb, hiphil perfect, 3rd person masculine singular with 1st person singular suffix - he has shown me", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - Yahweh/the LORD", "*melek*": "noun, masculine singular - king", "*ʾărām*": "proper noun - Aram/Syria" }, "variants": { "*keleb*": "dog (metaphor for insignificance/unworthiness)", "*dābār gādôl*": "great thing/significant matter/serious deed", "*hirʾanî*": "has shown me/has revealed to me" } }