Verse 1

{ "verseID": "Nehemiah.13.1", "source": "בַּיּ֣וֹם הַה֗וּא נִקְרָ֛א בְּסֵ֥פֶר מֹשֶׁ֖ה בְּאָזְנֵ֣י הָעָ֑ם וְנִמְצָא֙ כָּת֣וּב בּ֔וֹ אֲ֠שֶׁר לֹא־יָב֨וֹא עַמֹּנִ֧י וּמֹאָבִ֛י בִּקְהַ֥ל הָאֱלֹהִ֖ים עַד־עוֹלָֽם׃", "text": "In *yôm* the *hû'* was *niqrā'* in *sēfer* *Mošeh* in *'oznê* the *'ām*; and was *nimṣā'* *kāṯûḇ* in *bô* that not *yāḇô'* *'ammōnî* and *mō'āḇî* in *qəhal* the *'ĕlōhîm* until *'ôlām*.", "grammar": { "*yôm*": "masculine singular noun with definite article prefix - day", "*hû'*": "demonstrative pronoun - that", "*niqrā'*": "Niphal perfect 3rd masculine singular - was read/called", "*sēfer*": "masculine singular construct - book/scroll of", "*Mošeh*": "proper name - Moses", "*'oznê*": "dual construct noun - ears of", "*'ām*": "masculine singular noun with definite article - people", "*nimṣā'*": "Niphal perfect 3rd masculine singular - was found", "*kāṯûḇ*": "Qal passive participle - written", "*bô*": "preposition with 3rd masculine singular suffix - in it", "*yāḇô'*": "Qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - shall enter/come", "*'ammōnî*": "gentilic adjective - Ammonite", "*mō'āḇî*": "gentilic adjective - Moabite", "*qəhal*": "masculine singular construct - assembly/congregation of", "*'ĕlōhîm*": "masculine plural noun - God", "*'ôlām*": "masculine singular noun - forever/eternity" }, "variants": { "*niqrā'*": "was read/was called", "*sēfer*": "book/scroll/document", "*'ĕlōhîm*": "God/gods/divine beings (plural form used for singular deity)", "*'ôlām*": "forever/perpetuity/ancient time" } }

Other Translations

• GT, oversatt fra Hebraisk

  På den dagen ble det lest opp fra Moseboken i folkets påhør, og der fant de skrevet at ammonitter og moabitter aldri skulle få komme inn i Guds menighet, som en evig bestemmelse.

• Moderne oversettelse av Bibelen fra 1611 KJV med hebraisk kontekst

  Den dagen leste de fra Moseboken høyt for folket, og de fant skrevet der at ammonitten og moabitten ikke for evig skulle komme inn i Guds forsamling.

• Norsk King James

  På den dagen leste de i Mosebøkene i folkets påsyn; og der sto det skrevet at ammonitten og moabitten ikke skulle komme inn i Guds forsamling for alltid.

• Modernisert Norsk Bibel 1866

  Samme dag ble det lest fra Moseboken for folket, og det ble funnet skrevet der at ingen ammonitt eller moabitt skulle komme inn i Herrens forsamling for alltid,

• Oversettelse av hebraiske Bibeltekster til moderne norsk bokmål

  På den dagen ble Moseboken lest høyt for folket, og der fant de skrevet at ingen ammonitt eller moabitt skulle få komme inn i Guds forsamling til evig tid.

• Bibelen: En Moderne Oversettelse av King James Version 1611

  Den dagen leste de fra Moses' bok for folket; der stod det skrevet at ammonitten og moabitten aldri skulle komme inn i Guds menighet.

• o3-mini KJV Norsk

  Den dagen leste de i Moses’ bok foran folket, og der sto skrevet at ammonitter og moabitter aldri skulle opptas i Guds forsamling.

• En Moderne Oversettelse av King James Version 1611 (mar 2025)

  Den dagen leste de fra Moses' bok for folket; der stod det skrevet at ammonitten og moabitten aldri skulle komme inn i Guds menighet.

• Lingvistisk bibeloversettelse fra grunntekst

  På den dagen ble det lest opp fra Moseboken for folkets ører, og det ble funnet skrevet i den at ingen ammonitt eller moabitt skulle komme inn i Guds forsamling for alltid.

• Linguistic Bible Translation from Source Texts

  On that day, the Book of Moses was read aloud in the hearing of the people, and it was found written in it that no Ammonite or Moabite should ever enter the assembly of God.

• GT, oversatt fra hebraisk Aug2024

  På den dagen ble det lest opp fra Moseboken i folkets hørsel, og det ble funnet skrevet i den at ingen ammonitt eller moabitt skulle komme inn i Guds forsamling til evig tid.

• Original Norsk Bibel 1866

  Paa den samme Dag blev læst i Mose Bog for Folkets Øren, og der blev fundet skrevet deri, at en Ammonit og Moabit skulde ikke komme i Guds Forsamling indtil evig (Tid),

• King James Version 1769 (Standard Version)

  On that day they read in the book of Moses in the audience of the people; and therein was found written, that the Ammonite and the Moabite should not come into the congregation of God for ever;

• KJV 1769 norsk

  På den dagen ble det lest fra Moseboken i folkets påhør; og der fant de skrevet at ammonitten og moabitten aldri skulle komme inn i Guds menighet.

• KJV1611 - Moderne engelsk

  On that day they read from the book of Moses in the hearing of the people; and it was found written that the Ammonite and the Moabite should never enter the assembly of God forever,

• King James Version 1611 (Original)

  On that day they read in the book of Moses in the audience of the people; and therein was found written, that the Ammonite and the Moabite should not come into the congregation of God for ever;

• Norsk oversettelse av Webster

  Den dagen leste de opp fra Moseboken for folket, og der fant de skrevet at en ammonitt og en moabitt aldri skulle få komme inn i Guds forsamling,

• Norsk oversettelse av Youngs Literal Translation

  Den dagen ble det lest opp fra Moses' bok for folket, og det ble funnet skrevet at en ammonitt og moabitt ikke skal komme inn i Guds forsamling for evig.

• Norsk oversettelse av ASV1901

  Den dagen leste de fra Moses' bok foran folket, og der fant de skrevet at en ammonitt og en moabitt aldri skulle komme inn i Guds forsamling.

• Norsk oversettelse av BBE

  Den dagen ble det lest fra Moseboken for folket, og de oppdaget at det sto i boken at ingen ammonitt eller moabitt noen gang skulle komme inn i Guds forsamling.

• Coverdale Bible (1535)

  And what tyme as the boke of Moses was red in ye eares of the people, there was founde wrytten therin, yt the Ammonites and Moabites shulde neuer come in to the congregacion of God,

• Geneva Bible (1560)

  And on that day did they reade in the booke of Moses, in the audience of the people, and it was found written therein, that the Ammonite, & the Moabite should not enter into the Congregation of God,

• Bishops' Bible (1568)

  And that day dyd they read in the booke of Moyses in the audience of the people, and therein was founde written, that the Ammonites, & Moabites shoulde neuer come into the congregation of God,

• Authorized King James Version (1611)

  ¶ On that day they read in the book of Moses in the audience of the people; and therein was found written, that the Ammonite and the Moabite should not come into the congregation of God for ever;

• Webster's Bible (1833)

  On that day they read in the book of Moses in the audience of the people; and therein was found written, that an Ammonite and a Moabite should not enter into the assembly of God forever,

• Young's Literal Translation (1862/1898)

  On that day there was read in the book of Moses, in the ears of the people, and it hath been found written in it that an Ammonite and Moabite doth not come into the assembly of God -- unto the age,

• American Standard Version (1901)

  On that day they read in the book of Moses in the audience of the people; and therein was found written, that an Ammonite and a Moabite should not enter into the assembly of God for ever,

• Bible in Basic English (1941)

  On that day there was a reading from the book of Moses in the hearing of the people; and they saw that it said in the book that no Ammonite or Moabite might ever come into the meeting of God;

• World English Bible (2000)

  On that day they read in the book of Moses in the audience of the people; and therein was found written, that an Ammonite and a Moabite should not enter into the assembly of God forever,

• NET Bible® (New English Translation)

  Further Reforms by Nehemiah On that day the book of Moses was read aloud in the hearing of the people. They found written in it that no Ammonite or Moabite may ever enter the assembly of God,

Referenced Verses

• Neh 9:3 : 3 { "verseID": "Nehemiah.9.3", "source": "וַיָּק֙וּמוּ֙ עַל־עָמְדָ֔ם וַֽיִּקְרְא֗וּ בְּסֵ֨פֶר תּוֹרַ֧ת יְהוָ֛ה אֱלֹהֵיהֶ֖ם רְבִעִ֣ית הַיּ֑וֹם וּרְבִעִית֙ מִתְוַדִּ֣ים וּמִֽשְׁתַּחֲוִ֔ים לַיהוָ֖ה אֱלֹהֵיהֶֽם׃ פ", "text": "And *wayyāqûmû* upon-*ʿomdām* and *wayyiqrəʾû* in *sēper* *tôrat* *YHWH* *ʾĕlōhêhem* *rəḇiʿît* the *yôm*, and *rəḇiʿît* *mitwaddîm* and *mištaḥăwîm* to *YHWH* *ʾĕlōhêhem*.", "grammar": { "*wayyāqûmû*": "qal imperfect consecutive 3rd person plural - and they arose/stood", "*ʿomdām*": "masculine singular with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - their place/standing", "*wayyiqrəʾû*": "qal imperfect consecutive 3rd person plural - and they read/called", "*sēper*": "masculine singular construct - book/scroll of", "*tôrat*": "feminine singular construct - law/instruction of", "*YHWH*": "divine name - Yahweh/LORD", "*ʾĕlōhêhem*": "masculine plural with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - their God", "*rəḇiʿît*": "feminine singular - fourth part", "*yôm*": "masculine singular - day", "*mitwaddîm*": "hitpael participle masculine plural - confessing", "*mištaḥăwîm*": "hitpael participle masculine plural - bowing down/worshiping" }, "variants": { "*ʿomdām*": "their place/station/position", "*wayyiqrəʾû*": "and they read/called/proclaimed", "*sēper*": "book/scroll/document", "*tôrat*": "law/instruction/teaching", "*rəḇiʿît*": "fourth part/quarter", "*mitwaddîm*": "confessing/acknowledging", "*mištaḥăwîm*": "bowing down/prostrating/worshiping" } }
• Deut 23:3-5 : 3 { "verseID": "Deuteronomy.23.3", "source": "לֹא־יָבֹ֥א מַמְזֵ֖ר בִּקְהַ֣ל יְהוָ֑ה גַּ֚ם דּ֣וֹר עֲשִׂירִ֔י לֹא־יָ֥בֹא ל֖וֹ בִּקְהַ֥ל יְהוָֽה׃ ס", "text": "Not *yābōʾ* *mamzēr* in-*qəhal* *YHWH* *gam* *dôr* *ʿăśîrî* not-*yābōʾ* to-him in-*qəhal* *YHWH*", "grammar": { "*yābōʾ*": "qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - shall enter/come", "*mamzēr*": "masculine singular noun - illegitimate child/person of mixed ancestry", "*bi*": "preposition - in/into", "*qəhal*": "masculine singular construct - assembly/congregation of", "*YHWH*": "divine name - Yahweh/the LORD", "*gam*": "adverb - also/even", "*dôr*": "masculine singular noun - generation", "*ʿăśîrî*": "ordinal number, masculine singular - tenth", "*lô*": "preposition with 3rd masculine singular suffix - to him" }, "variants": { "*mamzēr*": "illegitimate child/bastard/person of mixed ancestry/offspring of prohibited union", "*dôr*": "generation/period/dwelling/circle", "*ʿăśîrî*": "tenth (generation)" } } 4 { "verseID": "Deuteronomy.23.4", "source": "לֹֽא־יָבֹ֧א עַמּוֹנִ֛י וּמוֹאָבִ֖י בִּקְהַ֣ל יְהוָ֑ה גַּ֚ם דּ֣וֹר עֲשִׂירִ֔י לֹא־יָבֹ֥א לָהֶ֛ם בִּקְהַ֥ל יְהוָ֖ה עַד־עוֹלָֽם׃", "text": "Not *yābōʾ* *ʿammônî* and-*môʾābî* in-*qəhal* *YHWH* *gam* *dôr* *ʿăśîrî* not-*yābōʾ* to-them in-*qəhal* *YHWH* until-*ʿôlām*", "grammar": { "*yābōʾ*": "qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - shall enter/come", "*ʿammônî*": "gentilic adjective, masculine singular - Ammonite", "*û*": "conjunction - and", "*môʾābî*": "gentilic adjective, masculine singular - Moabite", "*bi*": "preposition - in/into", "*qəhal*": "masculine singular construct - assembly/congregation of", "*YHWH*": "divine name - Yahweh/the LORD", "*gam*": "adverb - also/even", "*dôr*": "masculine singular noun - generation", "*ʿăśîrî*": "ordinal number, masculine singular - tenth", "*lāhem*": "preposition with 3rd masculine plural suffix - to them", "*ʿad*": "preposition - until/to/as far as", "*ʿôlām*": "masculine singular noun - forever/eternity/perpetuity" }, "variants": { "*ʿammônî*": "Ammonite (person from Ammon)", "*môʾābî*": "Moabite (person from Moab)", "*ʿôlām*": "forever/eternity/long duration/antiquity" } } 5 { "verseID": "Deuteronomy.23.5", "source": "עַל־דְּבַ֞ר אֲשֶׁ֨ר לֹא־קִדְּמ֤וּ אֶתְכֶם֙ בַּלֶּ֣חֶם וּבַמַּ֔יִם בַּדֶּ֖רֶךְ בְּצֵאתְכֶ֣ם מִמִּצְרָ֑יִם וַאֲשֶׁר֩ שָׂכַ֨ר עָלֶ֜יךָ אֶת־בִּלְעָ֣ם בֶּן־בְּע֗וֹר מִפְּת֛וֹר אֲרַ֥ם נַהֲרַ֖יִם לְקַֽלְלֶֽךָּ׃", "text": "On-*dəbar* which not-*qiddəmû* *ʾetkem* with-the-*leḥem* and-with-the-*mayim* in-the-*derek* in-*ṣēʾtəkem* from-*miṣrayim* and-which *śākar* against-you *ʾet*-*bilʿām* son-of-*bəʿôr* from-*pətôr* *ʾăram* *nahărayim* to-*qallelkā*", "grammar": { "*ʿal*": "preposition - on/concerning/because of", "*dəbar*": "masculine singular construct - matter/word/thing of", "*ʾăšer*": "relative pronoun - which/who/that", "*qiddəmû*": "piel perfect, 3rd common plural - they met/greeted/confronted", "*ʾetkem*": "direct object marker with 2nd masculine plural suffix - you", "*ba*": "preposition with definite article - with the", "*leḥem*": "masculine singular noun - bread/food", "*û*": "conjunction - and", "*ba*": "preposition with definite article - with the", "*mayim*": "masculine plural noun - water", "*ba*": "preposition with definite article - in the", "*derek*": "masculine singular noun - way/road/journey", "*bə*": "preposition - in", "*ṣēʾtəkem*": "qal infinitive construct with 2nd masculine plural suffix - your going out", "*mi*": "preposition - from", "*miṣrayim*": "proper noun - Egypt", "*śākar*": "qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - he hired", "*ʿāleykā*": "preposition with 2nd masculine singular suffix - against you", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*bilʿām*": "proper noun - Balaam", "*ben*": "masculine singular construct - son of", "*bəʿôr*": "proper noun - Beor", "*mi*": "preposition - from", "*pətôr*": "proper noun - Pethor", "*ʾăram*": "proper noun - Aram/Syria", "*nahărayim*": "proper noun - Naharaim (two rivers, Mesopotamia)", "*lə*": "preposition - to/for", "*qallelkā*": "piel infinitive construct with 2nd masculine singular suffix - to curse you" }, "variants": { "*dəbar*": "word/matter/thing/cause", "*qiddəmû*": "met/greeted/confronted/came before", "*leḥem*": "bread/food/grain", "*derek*": "way/road/journey/path", "*ṣēʾtəkem*": "your going out/exodus", "*śākar*": "hired/paid/bribed", "*ʾăram* *nahărayim*": "Aram of the two rivers/Mesopotamia", "*qallelkā*": "to curse you/revile you" } }
• Deut 31:11-12 : 11 { "verseID": "Deuteronomy.31.11", "source": "בְּב֣וֹא כָל־יִשְׂרָאֵ֗ל לֵרָאוֹת֙ אֶת־פְּנֵי֙ יְהוָ֣ה אֱלֹהֶ֔יךָ בַּמָּק֖וֹם אֲשֶׁ֣ר יִבְחָ֑ר תִּקְרָ֞א אֶת־הַתּוֹרָ֥ה הַזֹּ֛את נֶ֥גֶד כָּל־יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל בְּאָזְנֵיהֶֽם׃", "text": "In-*bə-bôʾ* all-*Yiśrāʾēl* to-*lērāʾôt* *ʾet*-face *YHWH* *ʾĕlōhêkā* in-the-*māqôm* which *yibḥār*, *tiqrāʾ* *ʾet*-the-*tôrāh* the-*zōʾt* before all-*Yiśrāʾēl* in-their-ears.", "grammar": { "*bə-bôʾ*": "preposition + qal infinitive construct - 'in the coming of'", "*Yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - 'Israel'", "*lērāʾôt*": "preposition + niphal infinitive construct - 'to be seen/to appear'", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*YHWH*": "divine name", "*ʾĕlōhêkā*": "noun masculine plural construct with 2nd masculine singular suffix - 'your God'", "*māqôm*": "noun masculine singular - 'place'", "*yibḥār*": "qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - 'he will choose'", "*tiqrāʾ*": "qal imperfect 2nd masculine singular - 'you will read'", "*tôrāh*": "noun feminine singular - 'law/instruction'", "*zōʾt*": "demonstrative adjective feminine singular - 'this'" }, "variants": { "*bə-bôʾ*": "in the coming of/when comes/at the arrival of", "*lērāʾôt*": "to be seen/to appear/to present oneself", "*māqôm*": "place/location/site", "*yibḥār*": "will choose/will select/will pick", "*tiqrāʾ*": "you will read/you will proclaim/you will call out", "*tôrāh*": "law/instruction/teaching" } } 12 { "verseID": "Deuteronomy.31.12", "source": "הַקְהֵ֣ל אֶת־הָעָ֗ם הָֽאֲנָשִׁ֤ים וְהַנָּשִׁים֙ וְהַטַּ֔ף וְגֵרְךָ֖ אֲשֶׁ֣ר בִּשְׁעָרֶ֑יךָ לְמַ֨עַן יִשְׁמְע֜וּ וּלְמַ֣עַן יִלְמְד֗וּ וְיָֽרְאוּ֙ אֶת־יְהוָ֣ה אֱלֹֽהֵיכֶ֔ם וְשָֽׁמְר֣וּ לַעֲשׂ֔וֹת אֶת־כָּל־דִּבְרֵ֖י הַתּוֹרָ֥ה הַזֹּֽאת׃", "text": "*Haqhēl* *ʾet*-the-*ʿām*, the-*ʾănāšîm* and-the-*nāšîm* and-the-*ṭap*, and-*gērkā* who in-*bi-šəʿārêkā*; for-the-sake-of *yišməʿû* and-for-the-sake-of *yilmədû* and-*yārəʾû* *ʾet*-*YHWH* *ʾĕlōhêkem*, and-*šāmərû* to-*laʿăśôt* *ʾet*-all-*dibrê* the-*tôrāh* the-*zōʾt*.", "grammar": { "*Haqhēl*": "hiphil imperative masculine singular - 'assemble/gather'", "*ʿām*": "noun masculine singular - 'people'", "*ʾănāšîm*": "noun masculine plural - 'men'", "*nāšîm*": "noun feminine plural - 'women'", "*ṭap*": "noun masculine singular - 'children'", "*gērkā*": "noun masculine singular construct with 2nd masculine singular suffix - 'your stranger/sojourner'", "*bi-šəʿārêkā*": "preposition + noun masculine plural construct with 2nd masculine singular suffix - 'in your gates'", "*yišməʿû*": "qal imperfect 3rd masculine plural - 'they will hear'", "*yilmədû*": "qal imperfect 3rd masculine plural - 'they will learn'", "*yārəʾû*": "qal imperfect 3rd masculine plural - 'they will fear'", "*YHWH*": "divine name", "*ʾĕlōhêkem*": "noun masculine plural construct with 2nd masculine plural suffix - 'your God'", "*šāmərû*": "qal perfect 3rd common plural - 'they will keep/observe'", "*laʿăśôt*": "preposition + qal infinitive construct - 'to do/perform'", "*dibrê*": "noun masculine plural construct - 'words of'", "*tôrāh*": "noun feminine singular - 'law/instruction'", "*zōʾt*": "demonstrative adjective feminine singular - 'this'" }, "variants": { "*Haqhēl*": "assemble/gather/bring together", "*ʿām*": "people/nation/folk", "*ṭap*": "children/little ones/infants", "*gērkā*": "your stranger/sojourner/resident alien", "*bi-šəʿārêkā*": "in your gates/towns/settlements", "*yišməʿû*": "they will hear/listen/obey", "*yilmədû*": "they will learn/study/be taught", "*yārəʾû*": "they will fear/revere/be in awe of", "*šāmərû*": "they will keep/observe/guard", "*laʿăśôt*": "to do/perform/fulfill" } }
• Neh 13:23 : 23 { "verseID": "Nehemiah.13.23", "source": "גַּ֣ם ׀ בַּיָּמִ֣ים הָהֵ֗ם רָאִ֤יתִי אֶת־הַיְּהוּדִים֙ הֹשִׁ֗יבוּ נָשִׁים֙ *אשדודיות **אַשְׁדֳּדִיּ֔וֹת *עמוניות **עַמֳּנִיּ֖וֹת מוֹאֲבִיּֽוֹת׃", "text": "Also in the *yāmîm* the *hahēm* *rāʾîtî* *ʾet*-the *yəhûdîm* *hōšîbû* *nāšîm* *ʾašdodiyyôt* *ʿammoniyyôt* *môʾăbiyyôt*.", "grammar": { "*yāmîm*": "masculine plural with preposition and definite article - in the days", "*hahēm*": "demonstrative adjective masculine plural - those", "*rāʾîtî*": "Qal perfect 1st person singular - I saw", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*yəhûdîm*": "masculine plural with definite article - the Jews", "*hōšîbû*": "Hiphil perfect 3rd person plural - they had married/settled", "*nāšîm*": "feminine plural - women", "*ʾašdodiyyôt*": "feminine plural adjective - Ashdodite", "*ʿammoniyyôt*": "feminine plural adjective - Ammonite", "*môʾăbiyyôt*": "feminine plural adjective - Moabite" }, "variants": { "*hōšîbû*": "had married/settled/caused to dwell with", "*ʾašdodiyyôt*": "Ashdodite women/women of Ashdod", "*ʿammoniyyôt*": "Ammonite women/women of Ammon", "*môʾăbiyyôt*": "Moabite women/women of Moab" } }
• 2 Kgs 23:2 : 2 { "verseID": "2 Kings.23.2", "source": "וַיַּ֣עַל הַמֶּ֣לֶךְ בֵּית־יְהוָ֡ה וְכָל־אִ֣ישׁ יְהוּדָה֩ וְכָל־יֹשְׁבֵ֨י יְרוּשָׁלִַ֜ם אִתּ֗וֹ וְהַכֹּֽהֲנִים֙ וְהַנְּבִיאִ֔ים וְכָל־הָעָ֖ם לְמִקָּטֹ֣ן וְעַד־גָּד֑וֹל וַיִּקְרָ֣א בְאָזְנֵיהֶ֗ם אֶת־כָּל־דִּבְרֵי֙ סֵ֣פֶר הַבְּרִ֔ית הַנִּמְצָ֖א בְּבֵ֥ית יְהוָֽה׃", "text": "*wə-yaʿal* the *meleḵ* *bêt-YHWH* *wə-ḵol-ʾîš* *yəhûdâ* *wə-ḵol-yōšəbê* *yərûšālaim* *ʾittô* *wə-ha-kōhănîm* *wə-ha-nəbîʾîm* *wə-ḵol-hā-ʿām* from *lə-miqqāṭōn* *wə-ʿad-gādôl* *wə-yiqrāʾ* in *ʾoznêhem* *ʾet-kol-dibrê* *sēper* *ha-bərît* *ha-nimṣāʾ* in *bêt* *YHWH*.", "grammar": { "*wə-yaʿal*": "conjunction + qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and he went up", "*meleḵ*": "definite article + noun masculine singular absolute - the king", "*bêt-YHWH*": "noun masculine singular construct + divine name - house of YHWH", "*wə-ḵol-ʾîš*": "conjunction + noun masculine singular construct + noun masculine singular - and all men of", "*yəhûdâ*": "proper noun - Judah", "*wə-ḵol-yōšəbê*": "conjunction + noun masculine singular construct + noun masculine plural construct - and all inhabitants of", "*yərûšālaim*": "proper noun - Jerusalem", "*ʾittô*": "preposition + 3rd masculine singular suffix - with him", "*wə-ha-kōhănîm*": "conjunction + definite article + noun masculine plural - and the priests", "*wə-ha-nəbîʾîm*": "conjunction + definite article + noun masculine plural - and the prophets", "*wə-ḵol-hā-ʿām*": "conjunction + noun masculine singular construct + definite article + noun masculine singular - and all the people", "*lə-miqqāṭōn*": "preposition + preposition + adjective masculine singular - from small", "*wə-ʿad-gādôl*": "conjunction + preposition + adjective masculine singular - and to great", "*wə-yiqrāʾ*": "conjunction + qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and he read", "*ʾoznêhem*": "noun feminine plural construct + 3rd masculine plural suffix - in their ears", "*ʾet-kol-dibrê*": "direct object marker + noun masculine singular construct + noun masculine plural construct - all the words of", "*sēper*": "noun masculine singular construct - book of", "*ha-bərît*": "definite article + noun feminine singular - the covenant", "*ha-nimṣāʾ*": "definite article + niphal participle masculine singular - the being found/discovered", "*bêt*": "preposition + noun masculine singular construct - in house of", "*YHWH*": "divine name - YHWH" }, "variants": { "*wə-yaʿal*": "and he went up/ascended", "*meleḵ*": "king/ruler", "*bêt-YHWH*": "house of YHWH/temple", "*wə-ḵol-ʾîš*": "and every man of/and all men of", "*yəhûdâ*": "Judah [place name]", "*wə-ḵol-yōšəbê*": "and all inhabitants/residents of", "*yərûšālaim*": "Jerusalem [place name]", "*ʾittô*": "with him/accompanying him", "*wə-ha-kōhănîm*": "and the priests", "*wə-ha-nəbîʾîm*": "and the prophets", "*wə-ḵol-hā-ʿām*": "and all the people/populace", "*lə-miqqāṭōn*": "from small/least/youngest", "*wə-ʿad-gādôl*": "and to great/greatest/oldest", "*wə-yiqrāʾ*": "and he read/called out/proclaimed", "*ʾoznêhem*": "in their ears/hearing", "*sēper*": "book/scroll/document", "*ha-bərît*": "the covenant/agreement", "*ha-nimṣāʾ*": "the one found/discovered", "*YHWH*": "LORD/Yahweh [divine name]" } }
• Neh 2:10 : 10 { "verseID": "Nehemiah.2.10", "source": "וַיִּשְׁמַ֞ע סַנְבַלַּ֣ט הַחֹרֹנִ֗י וְטֽוֹבִיָּה֙ הָעֶ֣בֶד הָֽעַמֹּנִ֔י וַיֵּ֥רַע לָהֶ֖ם רָעָ֣ה גְדֹלָ֑ה אֲשֶׁר־בָּ֣א אָדָ֔ם לְבַקֵּ֥שׁ טוֹבָ֖ה לִבְנֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵֽל", "text": "*wa-yišmaʿ* *sanballaṭ* the-*ḥōrōnî* *wə-ṭôbiyyāh* the-*ʿebed* the-*ʿammōnî* *wa-yēraʿ* to-them *rāʿāh* *gədōlāh* *ʾăšer*-came *ʾādām* to-*baqqēš* *ṭôbāh* for-*bənê* *yiśrāʾēl*", "grammar": { "*wa-yišmaʿ*": "conjunction + qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and he heard", "*sanballaṭ*": "proper noun - Sanballat", "*ḥōrōnî*": "gentilic adjective masculine singular - Horonite", "*wə-ṭôbiyyāh*": "conjunction + proper noun - and Tobiah", "*ʿebed*": "masculine singular - servant", "*ʿammōnî*": "gentilic adjective masculine singular - Ammonite", "*wa-yēraʿ*": "conjunction + qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and it was displeasing", "*rāʿāh*": "feminine singular - evil/distress", "*gədōlāh*": "adjective feminine singular - great", "*ʾādām*": "masculine singular - man/person", "*baqqēš*": "piel infinitive construct - to seek", "*ṭôbāh*": "feminine singular - good/welfare", "*bənê*": "masculine plural construct - sons/children of", "*yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel" }, "variants": { "*wa-yēraʿ*": "it displeased them/they were greatly disturbed", "*rāʿāh* *gədōlāh*": "great displeasure/great evil", "*baqqēš* *ṭôbāh*": "to seek the welfare/good/prosperity", "*bənê* *yiśrāʾēl*": "children of Israel/Israelites" } }
• Neh 2:19 : 19 { "verseID": "Nehemiah.2.19", "source": "וַיִּשְׁמַע֩ סַנְבַלַּ֨ט הַחֹרֹנִ֜י וְטֹבִיָּ֣ה ׀ הָעֶ֣בֶד הָֽעַמּוֹנִ֗י וְגֶ֙שֶׁם֙ הָֽעַרְבִ֔י וַיַּלְעִ֣גוּ לָ֔נוּ וַיִּבְז֖וּ עָלֵ֑ינוּ וַיֹּאמְר֗וּ מָֽה־הַדָּבָ֤ר הַזֶּה֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר אַתֶּ֣ם עֹשִׂ֔ים הַעַ֥ל הַמֶּ֖לֶךְ אַתֶּ֥ם מֹרְדִֽים", "text": "*wa-yišmaʿ* *sanballaṭ* the-*ḥōrōnî* *wə-ṭōbiyyāh* the-*ʿebed* the-*ʿammônî* *wə-gešem* the-*ʿarbî* *wa-yalʿigû* to-us *wa-yibzû* upon-us *wa-yōʾmərû* what-the-*dābār* the-this *ʾăšer* you *ʿōśîm* ?-against the-*melek* you *mōrədîm*", "grammar": { "*wa-yišmaʿ*": "conjunction + qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and he heard", "*sanballaṭ*": "proper noun - Sanballat", "*ḥōrōnî*": "gentilic adjective masculine singular - Horonite", "*wə-ṭōbiyyāh*": "conjunction + proper noun - and Tobiah", "*ʿebed*": "masculine singular - servant", "*ʿammônî*": "gentilic adjective masculine singular - Ammonite", "*wə-gešem*": "conjunction + proper noun - and Geshem", "*ʿarbî*": "gentilic adjective masculine singular - Arabian", "*wa-yalʿigû*": "conjunction + hiphil imperfect 3rd masculine plural - and they mocked", "*wa-yibzû*": "conjunction + qal imperfect 3rd masculine plural - and they despised", "*wa-yōʾmərû*": "conjunction + qal imperfect 3rd masculine plural - and they said", "*dābār*": "masculine singular - thing/matter", "*ʿōśîm*": "qal participle masculine plural - doing", "*melek*": "masculine singular - king", "*mōrədîm*": "qal participle masculine plural - rebelling" }, "variants": { "*wa-yalʿigû*": "and they mocked/derided/ridiculed", "*wa-yibzû*": "and they despised/disrespected/looked down on", "*dābār*": "thing/matter/business", "*mōrədîm*": "rebelling/revolting against" } }
• Neh 4:3 : 3 { "verseID": "Nehemiah.4.3", "source": "וַנִּתְפַּלֵּ֖ל אֶל־אֱלֹהֵ֑ינוּ וַנַּעֲמִ֨יד מִשְׁמָ֧ר עֲלֵיהֶ֛ם יוֹמָ֥ם וָלַ֖יְלָה מִפְּנֵיהֶֽם׃", "text": "And *wannitpallēl* to *ʾĕlōhênû* and *wannaʿămîd* *mišmār* against them *yômām* and *wālaylâ* from *mippənêhem*.", "grammar": { "*wannitpallēl*": "waw-consecutive + hitpael imperfect 1cp - and we prayed", "*ʾĕlōhênû*": "noun masculine plural + pronominal suffix 1cp - our God", "*wannaʿămîd*": "waw-consecutive + hiphil imperfect 1cp - and we caused to stand/set up", "*mišmār*": "noun masculine singular - guard/watch", "*yômām*": "adverb - by day", "*wālaylâ*": "waw-conjunctive + noun masculine singular - and night", "*mippənêhem*": "preposition + noun masculine plural construct + pronominal suffix 3mp - from before them/because of them" }, "variants": { "*mišmār*": "guard/watch/watchman", "*mippənêhem*": "from before them/because of them/facing them" } }
• Neh 8:3-8 : 3 { "verseID": "Nehemiah.8.3", "source": "וַיִּקְרָא־בוֹ֩ לִפְנֵ֨י הָרְח֜וֹב אֲשֶׁ֣ר ׀ לִפְנֵ֣י שַֽׁעַר־הַמַּ֗יִם מִן־הָאוֹר֙ עַד־מַחֲצִ֣ית הַיּ֔וֹם נֶ֛גֶד הָאֲנָשִׁ֥ים וְהַנָּשִׁ֖ים וְהַמְּבִינִ֑ים וְאָזְנֵ֥י כָל־הָעָ֖ם אֶל־סֵ֥פֶר הַתּוֹרָֽה׃", "text": "*wə-yiqrāʾ-bô lipnê hārəḥôb* which *lipnê šaʿar-hammayim min-hāʾôr* until-*maḥăṣît hayyôm neged hāʾănāšîm wə-hannāšîm wə-hamməbînîm wə-ʾoznê* all-*hāʿām* to-*sēper hattôrâ*", "grammar": { "*wə-yiqrāʾ-bô*": "conjunction + qal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular + preposition with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - and he read in it", "*lipnê*": "preposition + construct noun - before/in front of", "*hārəḥôb*": "definite noun, masculine singular - the square/open place", "*šaʿar-hammayim*": "construct phrase - gate of the water", "*min-hāʾôr*": "preposition + definite noun, masculine singular - from the light/daybreak", "*maḥăṣît*": "noun, feminine singular construct - half of", "*hayyôm*": "definite noun, masculine singular - the day", "*neged*": "preposition - before/in front of", "*hāʾănāšîm*": "definite noun, masculine plural - the men", "*wə-hannāšîm*": "conjunction + definite noun, feminine plural - and the women", "*wə-hamməbînîm*": "conjunction + definite hiphil participle, masculine plural - and those who understand", "*wə-ʾoznê*": "conjunction + noun, feminine dual construct - and ears of", "*hāʿām*": "definite noun, masculine singular - the people", "*sēper*": "noun, masculine singular - book/scroll", "*hattôrâ*": "definite noun, feminine singular - the law" }, "variants": { "*hāʾôr*": "light/daybreak/morning", "*maḥăṣît*": "half/middle/midpoint", "*hamməbînîm*": "those who understand/comprehend/perceive", "*sēper*": "book/scroll/document" } } 4 { "verseID": "Nehemiah.8.4", "source": "וֽ͏ַיַּעֲמֹ֞ד עֶזְרָ֣א הַסֹּפֵ֗ר עַֽל־מִגְדַּל־עֵץ֮ אֲשֶׁ֣ר עָשׂ֣וּ לַדָּבָר֒ וַיַּֽעֲמֹ֣ד אֶצְל֡וֹ מַתִּתְיָ֡ה וְשֶׁ֡מַע וַ֠עֲנָיָה וְאוּרִיָּ֧ה וְחִלְקִיָּ֛ה וּמַעֲשֵׂיָ֖ה עַל־יְמִינ֑וֹ וּמִשְּׂמֹאל֗וֹ פְּ֠דָיָה וּמִֽישָׁאֵ֧ל וּמַלְכִּיָּ֛ה וְחָשֻׁ֥ם וְחַשְׁבַּדָּ֖נָה זְכַרְיָ֥ה מְשֻׁלָּֽם׃", "text": "*wə-yaʿămōd ʿezrāʾ hassōpēr ʿal-migdal-ʿēṣ* which *ʿāśû laddābār wə-yaʿămōd ʾeṣlô mattityâ wə-šema wə-ʿănāyâ wə-ʾûrîyâ wə-ḥilqîyâ ûmaʿăśēyâ ʿal-yəmînô ûmiśśəmōʾlô pədāyâ ûmîšāʾēl ûmalkîyâ wə-ḥāšum wə-ḥašbaddānâ zəkaryâ məšullām*", "grammar": { "*wə-yaʿămōd*": "conjunction + qal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular - and he stood", "*ʿezrāʾ*": "proper name - Ezra", "*hassōpēr*": "definite noun, masculine singular - the scribe", "*ʿal-migdal-ʿēṣ*": "preposition + construct phrase - on platform of wood", "*ʿāśû*": "qal perfect 3rd person common plural - they made", "*laddābār*": "preposition + definite noun, masculine singular - for the purpose/matter", "*ʾeṣlô*": "preposition with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - beside him", "*ʿal-yəmînô*": "preposition + noun with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - on his right", "*ûmiśśəmōʾlô*": "conjunction + preposition + noun with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - and on his left" }, "variants": { "*migdal-ʿēṣ*": "wooden platform/wooden tower/wooden pulpit", "*laddābār*": "for the purpose/for the matter/for this occasion" } } 5 { "verseID": "Nehemiah.8.5", "source": "וַיִּפְתַּ֨ח עֶזְרָ֤א הַסֵּ֙פֶר֙ לְעֵינֵ֣י כָל־הָעָ֔ם כִּֽי־מֵעַ֥ל כָּל־הָעָ֖ם הָיָ֑ה וּכְפִתְח֖וֹ עָֽמְד֥וּ כָל־הָעָֽם׃", "text": "*wə-yiptaḥ ʿezrāʾ hassēper ləʿênê* all-*hāʿām kî-mēʿal* all-*hāʿām hāyâ ûkəpitḥô ʿāmədû* all-*hāʿām*", "grammar": { "*wə-yiptaḥ*": "conjunction + qal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular - and he opened", "*ʿezrāʾ*": "proper name - Ezra", "*hassēper*": "definite noun, masculine singular - the book/scroll", "*ləʿênê*": "preposition + construct noun, feminine dual - to eyes of/in sight of", "*hāʿām*": "definite noun, masculine singular - the people", "*kî-mēʿal*": "conjunction + preposition - for above", "*hāyâ*": "qal perfect 3rd person masculine singular - he was", "*ûkəpitḥô*": "conjunction + preposition + qal infinitive construct with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - and when he opened it", "*ʿāmədû*": "qal perfect 3rd person common plural - they stood" }, "variants": { "*hassēper*": "the book/the scroll/the document", "*mēʿal*": "above/over/higher than", "*ûkəpitḥô*": "and when he opened it/and as he opened it/and upon his opening it" } } 6 { "verseID": "Nehemiah.8.6", "source": "וַיְבָ֣רֶךְ עֶזְרָ֔א אֶת־יְהוָ֥ה הָאֱלֹהִ֖ים הַגָּד֑וֹל וַיַּֽעֲנ֨וּ כָל־הָעָ֜ם אָמֵ֤ן ׀ אָמֵן֙ בְּמֹ֣עַל יְדֵיהֶ֔ם וַיִּקְּד֧וּ וַיִּֽשְׁתַּחֲוֻּ֛ לַיהוָ֖ה אַפַּ֥יִם אָֽרְצָה׃", "text": "*wə-yəbārek ʿezrāʾ ʾet-YHWH hāʾĕlōhîm haggādôl wə-yaʿănû* all-*hāʿām ʾāmēn ʾāmēn bəmōʿal yədêhem wə-yiqqədû wə-yištaḥăwû la-YHWH ʾappayim ʾārṣâ*", "grammar": { "*wə-yəbārek*": "conjunction + piel imperfect 3rd person masculine singular - and he blessed", "*ʿezrāʾ*": "proper name - Ezra", "*ʾet-YHWH*": "direct object marker + divine name - Yahweh/LORD", "*hāʾĕlōhîm*": "definite noun, masculine plural (intensive plural) - the God", "*haggādôl*": "definite adjective, masculine singular - the great", "*wə-yaʿănû*": "conjunction + qal imperfect 3rd person masculine plural - and they answered", "*hāʿām*": "definite noun, masculine singular - the people", "*ʾāmēn*": "adverb/interjection - truly/so be it (repeated for emphasis)", "*bəmōʿal*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular construct - with lifting up of", "*yədêhem*": "noun, feminine dual with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - their hands", "*wə-yiqqədû*": "conjunction + qal imperfect 3rd person masculine plural - and they bowed", "*wə-yištaḥăwû*": "conjunction + hishtaphel imperfect 3rd person masculine plural - and they prostrated themselves", "*la-YHWH*": "preposition + divine name - to Yahweh/LORD", "*ʾappayim*": "noun, masculine dual - face/nostrils", "*ʾārṣâ*": "noun, feminine singular + directional heh - to the ground" }, "variants": { "*bəmōʿal*": "with lifting up/with raising/with elevated", "*wə-yiqqədû*": "they bowed/they bowed their heads/they showed reverence", "*wə-yištaḥăwû*": "they prostrated themselves/they worshiped/they paid homage", "*ʾappayim*": "face/nostrils/countenance (dual form)" } } 7 { "verseID": "Nehemiah.8.7", "source": "וְיֵשׁ֡וּעַ וּבָנִ֡י וְשֵׁרֵ֥בְיָ֣ה ׀ יָמִ֡ין עַקּ֡וּב שַׁבְּתַ֣י ׀ הֽוֹדִיָּ֡ה מַעֲשֵׂיָ֡ה קְלִיטָ֣א עֲזַרְיָה֩ יוֹזָבָ֨ד חָנָ֤ן פְּלָאיָה֙ וְהַלְוִיִּ֔ם מְבִינִ֥ים אֶת־הָעָ֖ם לַתּוֹרָ֑ה וְהָעָ֖ם עַל־עָמְדָֽם׃", "text": "*wə-yēšûaʿ ûbānî wə-šērēbyâ yāmîn ʿaqqûb šabbətay hôdîyâ maʿăśēyâ qəlîṭāʾ ʿăzaryâ yôzābād ḥānān pəlāyâ wə-halwîyim məbînîm ʾet-hāʿām lattôrâ wə-hāʿām ʿal-ʿāmədām*", "grammar": { "*wə-halwîyim*": "conjunction + definite noun, masculine plural - and the Levites", "*məbînîm*": "hiphil participle, masculine plural - causing to understand/explaining", "*ʾet-hāʿām*": "direct object marker + definite noun, masculine singular - the people", "*lattôrâ*": "preposition + definite noun, feminine singular - in/regarding the law", "*wə-hāʿām*": "conjunction + definite noun, masculine singular - and the people", "*ʿal-ʿāmədām*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - in their place/standing" }, "variants": { "*məbînîm*": "causing to understand/explaining/instructing", "*lattôrâ*": "regarding the law/concerning the law/about the law", "*ʿal-ʿāmədām*": "in their place/standing in position/at their stations" } } 8 { "verseID": "Nehemiah.8.8", "source": "וַֽיִּקְרְא֥וּ בַסֵּ֛פֶר בְּתוֹרַ֥ת הָאֱלֹהִ֖ים מְפֹרָ֑שׁ וְשׂ֣וֹם שֶׂ֔כֶל וַיָּבִ֖ינוּ בַּמִּקְרָֽא׃", "text": "*wə-yiqrəʾû bassēper bətôrat hāʾĕlōhîm məpōrāš wə-śôm śekel wə-yābînû bammigrāʾ*", "grammar": { "*wə-yiqrəʾû*": "conjunction + qal imperfect 3rd person masculine plural - and they read", "*bassēper*": "preposition + definite noun, masculine singular - in the book", "*bətôrat*": "preposition + construct noun, feminine singular - in law of", "*hāʾĕlōhîm*": "definite noun, masculine plural (intensive plural) - the God", "*məpōrāš*": "pual participle, masculine singular - distinctly/clearly", "*wə-śôm*": "conjunction + infinitive absolute - and placing", "*śekel*": "noun, masculine singular - understanding/insight", "*wə-yābînû*": "conjunction + hiphil imperfect 3rd person masculine plural - and they gave understanding", "*bammigrāʾ*": "preposition + definite noun, masculine singular - in the reading" }, "variants": { "*məpōrāš*": "distinctly/clearly/with interpretation", "*wə-śôm śekel*": "giving understanding/giving meaning/providing sense", "*bammigrāʾ*": "in the reading/in what was read/in the scripture" } }
• Ps 83:7-9 : 7 { "verseID": "Psalms.83.7", "source": "אָהֳלֵ֣י אֱ֭דוֹם וְיִשְׁמְעֵאלִ֗ים מוֹאָ֥ב וְהַגְרֽ͏ִים׃", "text": "*ʾohŏlê* *ʾĕdôm* *weyišmeʿēlîm* *môʾāḇ* *wehagˈrîm*", "grammar": { "*ʾohŏlê*": "masculine plural construct - tents of", "*ʾĕdôm*": "proper noun - Edom", "*weyišmeʿēlîm*": "conjunction + proper noun plural - and Ishmaelites", "*môʾāḇ*": "proper noun - Moab", "*wehagˈrîm*": "conjunction + proper noun plural - and Hagrites" }, "variants": { "*ʾōhel*": "tent/dwelling/habitation", "*ʾĕdôm*": "Edom (nation descended from Esau)", "*yišmeʿēlîm*": "Ishmaelites (descendants of Ishmael)", "*môʾāḇ*": "Moab (nation descended from Lot)", "*hagˈrîm*": "Hagrites (Arabian tribe)" } } 8 { "verseID": "Psalms.83.8", "source": "גְּבָ֣ל וְ֭עַמּוֹן וַעֲמָלֵ֑ק פְּ֝לֶ֗שֶׁת עִם־יֹ֥שְׁבֵי צֽוֹר׃", "text": "*geḇāl* *weʿammôn* *waʿămālēq* *pelešet* *ʿim-yōšeḇê* *ṣôr*", "grammar": { "*geḇāl*": "proper noun - Gebal", "*weʿammôn*": "conjunction + proper noun - and Ammon", "*waʿămālēq*": "conjunction + proper noun - and Amalek", "*pelešet*": "proper noun - Philistia", "*ʿim-yōšeḇê*": "preposition + masculine plural construct Qal participle - with inhabitants of", "*ṣôr*": "proper noun - Tyre" }, "variants": { "*geḇāl*": "Gebal (region south of Dead Sea or in Lebanon)", "*ʿammôn*": "Ammon (nation descended from Lot)", "*ʿămālēq*": "Amalek (nomadic tribe)", "*pelešet*": "Philistia (coastal region)", "*yāšaḇ*": "dwell/sit/remain", "*ṣôr*": "Tyre (Phoenician city)" } } 9 { "verseID": "Psalms.83.9", "source": "גַּם־אַ֭שּׁוּר נִלְוָ֣ה עִמָּ֑ם הָ֤י֥וּ זְר֖וֹעַ לִבְנֵי־ל֣וֹט סֶֽלָה׃", "text": "*gam-ʾaššûr* *nilwâ* *ʿimmām* *hāyû* *zerôaʿ* *liḇnê-lôṭ* *selâ*", "grammar": { "*gam-ʾaššûr*": "adverb + proper noun - also Assyria", "*nilwâ*": "3ms Niphal perfect - has joined", "*ʿimmām*": "preposition + 3mp suffix - with them", "*hāyû*": "3cp Qal perfect - they have become", "*zerôaʿ*": "feminine singular noun - arm/strength/support", "*liḇnê-lôṭ*": "preposition + masculine plural construct + proper noun - for sons of Lot", "*selâ*": "musical or liturgical term - selah" }, "variants": { "*ʾaššûr*": "Assyria (empire to the northeast)", "*lāwâ*": "join/attach/accompany", "*zerôaʿ*": "arm/strength/support/help", "*benê-lôṭ*": "sons of Lot (referring to Moab and Ammon)", "*selâ*": "musical pause/interlude/emphasis" } }
• Isa 15:1-9 : 1 { "verseID": "Isaiah.15.1", "source": "מַשָּׂ֖א מוֹאָ֑ב כִּ֠י בְּלֵ֞יל שֻׁדַּ֨ד עָ֤ר מוֹאָב֙ נִדְמָ֔ה כִּ֗י בְּלֵ֛יל שֻׁדַּ֥ד קִיר־מוֹאָ֖ב נִדְמָֽה׃", "text": "*Maśśāʾ* *Môʾāḇ* *kî* in *layil* *šuddad* *ʿār* *Môʾāḇ* *nidmâ* *kî* in *layil* *šuddad* *qîr*-*Môʾāḇ* *nidmâ*", "grammar": { "*Maśśāʾ*": "construct state, masculine, singular - burden/oracle concerning", "*Môʾāḇ*": "proper noun, absolute state - Moab", "*kî*": "conjunction - for/because/that", "*layil*": "noun, masculine, singular - night", "*šuddad*": "pual perfect, 3rd masculine singular - was devastated/laid waste", "*ʿār*": "proper noun - Ar (city in Moab)", "*nidmâ*": "niphal perfect, 3rd feminine singular - was cut off/destroyed/silenced/brought to ruin", "*qîr*": "noun, construct state - wall/city/fortress", "*šuddad*": "pual perfect, 3rd masculine singular - was devastated/laid waste" }, "variants": { "*Maśśāʾ*": "burden/oracle/pronouncement/utterance", "*nidmâ*": "was cut off/destroyed/silenced/brought to ruin/ceased to be", "*qîr*": "wall/city/fortress of Moab (likely a city name)" } } 2 { "verseID": "Isaiah.15.2", "source": "עָלָ֨ה הַבַּ֧יִת וְדִיבֹ֛ן הַבָּמ֖וֹת לְבֶ֑כִי עַל־נְב֞וֹ וְעַ֤ל מֵֽידְבָא֙ מוֹאָ֣ב יְיֵלִ֔יל בְּכָל־רֹאשָׁ֣יו קָרְחָ֔ה כָּל־זָקָ֖ן גְּרוּעָֽה׃", "text": "*ʿālâ* the *bayit* *wə*-*Dîḇōn* the *bāmôt* for *beḵî* upon-*Neḇô* *wə*-upon *Mêdeḇāʾ* *Môʾāḇ* *yeyēlîl* on all-*rōʾšāyw* *qorḥâ* all-*zāqān* *gerûʿâ*", "grammar": { "*ʿālâ*": "qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - went up/ascended", "*bayit*": "noun, masculine, singular with definite article - the house/temple", "*wə*": "conjunction - and", "*Dîḇōn*": "proper noun - Dibon (city)", "*bāmôt*": "noun, feminine, plural with definite article - the high places", "*beḵî*": "noun, masculine, singular - weeping", "*Neḇô*": "proper noun - Nebo (place name)", "*Mêdeḇāʾ*": "proper noun - Medeba (place name)", "*Môʾāḇ*": "proper noun - Moab", "*yeyēlîl*": "hiphil imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - wails/howls", "*rōʾšāyw*": "noun, masculine, plural construct with 3rd masculine singular suffix - its/his heads", "*qorḥâ*": "noun, feminine, singular - baldness", "*zāqān*": "noun, masculine, singular - beard", "*gerûʿâ*": "passive participle, feminine, singular - cut off/shaved" }, "variants": { "*ʿālâ*": "went up/ascended/has gone up", "*bayit*": "house/temple (possibly referring to temple in Moab)", "*bāmôt*": "high places/shrines/cult sites", "*beḵî*": "weeping/crying", "*yeyēlîl*": "wails/howls/laments", "*qorḥâ*": "baldness (sign of mourning)", "*gerûʿâ*": "cut off/shaved/diminished (sign of mourning)" } } 3 { "verseID": "Isaiah.15.3", "source": "בְּחוּצֹתָ֖יו חָ֣גְרוּ שָׂ֑ק עַ֣ל גַּגּוֹתֶ֧יהָ וּבִרְחֹבֹתֶ֛יהָ כֻּלֹּ֥ה יְיֵלִ֖יל יֹרֵ֥ד בַּבֶּֽכִי׃", "text": "In *ḥûṣōtāyw* they *ḥāḡerû* *śāq* upon *gaggôtehâ* *û*-in *reḥōḇōtehâ* *kullōh* *yeyēlîl* *yōrēd* in the *beḵî*", "grammar": { "*ḥûṣōtāyw*": "noun, feminine, plural construct with 3rd masculine singular suffix - its/his streets", "*ḥāḡerû*": "qal perfect, 3rd common plural - they gird/put on", "*śāq*": "noun, masculine, singular - sackcloth", "*gaggôtehâ*": "noun, masculine, plural construct with 3rd feminine singular suffix - her roofs", "*û*": "conjunction - and", "*reḥōḇōtehâ*": "noun, feminine, plural construct with 3rd feminine singular suffix - her squares/open places", "*kullōh*": "noun, masculine, singular with 3rd masculine singular suffix - all of it/everyone", "*yeyēlîl*": "hiphil imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - wails/howls", "*yōrēd*": "qal participle, masculine singular - going down/descending", "*beḵî*": "noun, masculine, singular with definite article - the weeping" }, "variants": { "*ḥûṣōtāyw*": "its/his streets/outdoor areas", "*ḥāḡerû*": "they gird/put on/wear (as mourning gesture)", "*śāq*": "sackcloth (mourning garment)", "*reḥōḇōtehâ*": "her squares/open places/broad streets", "*yeyēlîl*": "wails/howls/laments", "*yōrēd*": "going down/descending/flowing down" } } 4 { "verseID": "Isaiah.15.4", "source": "וַתִּזְעַ֤ק חֶשְׁבּוֹן֙ וְאֶלְעָלֵ֔ה עַד־יַ֖הַץ נִשְׁמַ֣ע קוֹלָ֑ם עַל־כֵּ֗ן חֲלֻצֵ֤י מוֹאָב֙ יָרִ֔יעוּ נַפְשׁ֖וֹ יָ֥רְעָה לּֽוֹ׃", "text": "*wa*-*tizʿaq* *Ḥešbôn* *wə*-*ʾElʿālê* until-*Yahaṣ* *nišmaʿ* *qôlām* upon-*kēn* *ḥălûṣê* *Môʾāḇ* *yārîʿû* *napšô* *yārʿâ* to him", "grammar": { "*wa*": "conjunction with sequential imperfect - and", "*tizʿaq*": "qal imperfect, 3rd feminine singular - cries out", "*Ḥešbôn*": "proper noun - Heshbon (city)", "*wə*": "conjunction - and", "*ʾElʿālê*": "proper noun - Elealeh (city)", "*Yahaṣ*": "proper noun - Jahaz (city)", "*nišmaʿ*": "niphal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - is heard", "*qôlām*": "noun, masculine, singular construct with 3rd masculine plural suffix - their voice", "*kēn*": "adverb - thus/therefore", "*ḥălûṣê*": "noun, masculine, plural construct - armed men of", "*Môʾāḇ*": "proper noun - Moab", "*yārîʿû*": "hiphil imperfect, 3rd masculine plural - they raise a war cry/shout", "*napšô*": "noun, feminine, singular construct with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his soul", "*yārʿâ*": "qal perfect, 3rd feminine singular - trembles/is terrified" }, "variants": { "*tizʿaq*": "cries out/shrieks", "*nišmaʿ*": "is heard/was heard", "*ḥălûṣê*": "armed men of/warriors of", "*yārîʿû*": "they raise a war cry/shout/make alarm", "*napšô*": "his soul/life/inner being", "*yārʿâ*": "trembles/is terrified/quakes" } } 5 { "verseID": "Isaiah.15.5", "source": "לִבִּי֙ לְמוֹאָ֣ב יִזְעָ֔ק בְּרִיחֶ֕הָ עַד־צֹ֖עַר עֶגְלַ֣ת שְׁלִשִׁיָּ֑ה כִּ֣י ׀ מַעֲלֵ֣ה הַלּוּחִ֗ית בִּבְכִי֙ יַֽעֲלֶה־בּ֔וֹ כִּ֚י דֶּ֣רֶךְ חוֹרֹנַ֔יִם זַעֲקַת־שֶׁ֖בֶר יְעֹעֵֽרוּ׃", "text": "*libbî* for *Môʾāḇ* *yizʿāq* in *bĕrîḥehâ* until-*Ṣôʿar* *ʿeḡlat* *šĕlišîyâ* *kî* *maʿălê* the *Lûḥît* in *beḵî* *yaʿăleh*-in it *kî* *dereḵ* *Ḥôrōnayim* *zaʿăqat*-*šeḇer* *yeʿōʿērû*", "grammar": { "*libbî*": "noun, masculine, singular construct with 1st singular suffix - my heart", "*Môʾāḇ*": "proper noun with preposition - for Moab", "*yizʿāq*": "qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - cries out", "*bĕrîḥehâ*": "noun, masculine, singular construct with 3rd feminine singular suffix with preposition - in her fleeing/fugitives", "*Ṣôʿar*": "proper noun - Zoar (city)", "*ʿeḡlat*": "noun, feminine, construct - heifer of", "*šĕlišîyâ*": "adjective, feminine, singular - third/three years old", "*kî*": "conjunction - for/because", "*maʿălê*": "noun, masculine, singular construct - ascent of", "*Lûḥît*": "proper noun with definite article - the Luhith", "*beḵî*": "noun, masculine, singular - weeping", "*yaʿăleh*": "qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - he goes up", "*dereḵ*": "noun, feminine, singular construct - way of/road to", "*Ḥôrōnayim*": "proper noun - Horonaim (city)", "*zaʿăqat*": "noun, feminine, singular construct - cry of", "*šeḇer*": "noun, masculine, singular - destruction/breaking", "*yeʿōʿērû*": "pilpel imperfect, 3rd masculine plural - they raise" }, "variants": { "*libbî*": "my heart/inner being", "*yizʿāq*": "cries out/shrieks", "*bĕrîḥehâ*": "her fleeing/fugitives/refugees/bars", "*ʿeḡlat šĕlišîyâ*": "heifer of three years/third heifer (possibly a place name)", "*beḵî*": "weeping/crying", "*yaʿăleh*": "he goes up/ascends", "*zaʿăqat-šeḇer*": "cry of destruction/breaking/ruin", "*yeʿōʿērû*": "they raise/lift up/rouse" } } 6 { "verseID": "Isaiah.15.6", "source": "כִּֽי־מֵ֥י נִמְרִ֖ים מְשַׁמּ֣וֹת יִֽהְי֑וּ כִּֽי־יָבֵ֤שׁ חָצִיר֙ כָּ֣לָה דֶ֔שֶׁא יֶ֖רֶק לֹ֥א הָיָֽה׃", "text": "*kî*-*mê* *Nimrîm* *məšammôt* *yihyû* *kî*-*yāḇēš* *ḥāṣîr* *kālâ* *dešeʾ* *yereq* not *hāyâ*", "grammar": { "*kî*": "conjunction - for/because", "*mê*": "noun, masculine, plural construct - waters of", "*Nimrîm*": "proper noun - Nimrim (place)", "*məšammôt*": "noun, feminine, plural - desolations", "*yihyû*": "qal imperfect, 3rd masculine plural - they will be", "*yāḇēš*": "qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - is dried up", "*ḥāṣîr*": "noun, masculine, singular - grass/hay", "*kālâ*": "qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - is finished/complete", "*dešeʾ*": "noun, masculine, singular - tender grass", "*yereq*": "noun, masculine, singular - green thing/vegetation", "*hāyâ*": "qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - was/existed" }, "variants": { "*məšammôt*": "desolations/waste places", "*yihyû*": "they will be/shall become", "*yāḇēš*": "is dried up/withered", "*ḥāṣîr*": "grass/hay/herb", "*kālâ*": "is finished/complete/consumed", "*dešeʾ*": "tender grass/vegetation/herbs", "*yereq*": "green thing/vegetation/greenness" } } 7 { "verseID": "Isaiah.15.7", "source": "עַל־כֵּ֖ן יִתְרָ֣ה עָשָׂ֑ה וּפְקֻדָּתָ֔ם עַ֛ל נַ֥חַל הָעֲרָבִ֖ים יִשָּׂאֽוּם׃", "text": "Upon-*kēn* *yitrâ* *ʿāśâ* *û*-*pĕquddātām* upon *naḥal* the *ʿărāḇîm* *yiśśāʾûm*", "grammar": { "*kēn*": "adverb - thus/therefore", "*yitrâ*": "noun, feminine, singular - abundance/surplus/remainder", "*ʿāśâ*": "qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - he made/did", "*û*": "conjunction - and", "*pĕquddātām*": "noun, feminine, singular construct with 3rd masculine plural suffix - their deposit/store", "*naḥal*": "noun, masculine, singular - wadi/stream", "*ʿărāḇîm*": "noun, masculine, plural with definite article - the willows/poplars", "*yiśśāʾûm*": "qal imperfect, 3rd masculine plural with 3rd masculine plural suffix - they will carry them" }, "variants": { "*yitrâ*": "abundance/surplus/remainder/that which is left", "*ʿāśâ*": "he made/did/produced", "*pĕquddātām*": "their deposit/store/possessions/that which was entrusted", "*naḥal*": "wadi/stream/valley/brook", "*ʿărāḇîm*": "willows/poplars (or possibly 'of the Arabim/Arabs')", "*yiśśāʾûm*": "they will carry them/bear them away" } } 8 { "verseID": "Isaiah.15.8", "source": "כִּֽי־הִקִּ֥יפָה הַזְּעָקָ֖ה אֶת־גְּב֣וּל מוֹאָ֑ב עַד־אֶגְלַ֙יִם֙ יִלְלָתָ֔הּ וּבְאֵ֥ר אֵילִ֖ים יִלְלָתָֽהּ׃", "text": "*kî*-*hiqqîpâ* the *zeʿāqâ* *ʾet*-*geḇûl* *Môʾāḇ* until-*ʾEḡlayim* *yilālātāh* *û*-*Beʾēr* *ʾêlîm* *yilālātāh*", "grammar": { "*kî*": "conjunction - for/because", "*hiqqîpâ*": "hiphil perfect, 3rd feminine singular - she surrounded/has gone around", "*zeʿāqâ*": "noun, feminine, singular with definite article - the cry/outcry", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*geḇûl*": "noun, masculine, singular construct - territory/border of", "*Môʾāḇ*": "proper noun - Moab", "*ʾEḡlayim*": "proper noun - Eglaim (place)", "*yilālātāh*": "noun, feminine, singular construct with 3rd feminine singular suffix - her wailing", "*û*": "conjunction - and", "*Beʾēr*": "noun, feminine, singular construct - well of", "*ʾêlîm*": "proper noun - Elim (place)", "*yilālātāh*": "noun, feminine, singular construct with 3rd feminine singular suffix - her wailing" }, "variants": { "*hiqqîpâ*": "she surrounded/has gone around/encompassed", "*zeʿāqâ*": "cry/outcry/shriek", "*geḇûl*": "territory/border/boundary", "*yilālātāh*": "her wailing/howling", "*Beʾēr ʾêlîm*": "Beer Elim (well of the mighty ones/rams/trees)" } } 9 { "verseID": "Isaiah.15.9", "source": "כִּ֣י מֵ֤י דִימוֹן֙ מָ֣לְאוּ דָ֔ם כִּֽי־אָשִׁ֥ית עַל־דִּימ֖וֹן נוֹסָפ֑וֹת לִפְלֵיטַ֤ת מוֹאָב֙ אַרְיֵ֔ה וְלִשְׁאֵרִ֖ית אֲדָמָֽה׃", "text": "*kî* *mê* *Dîmôn* *mālʾû* *dām* *kî*-*ʾāšît* upon-*Dîmôn* *nôsāpôt* for *pĕlêṭat* *Môʾāḇ* *ʾaryê* *wə*-for *šĕʾērît* *ʾădāmâ*", "grammar": { "*kî*": "conjunction - for/because", "*mê*": "noun, masculine, plural construct - waters of", "*Dîmôn*": "proper noun - Dimon (place, possibly Dibon)", "*mālʾû*": "qal perfect, 3rd common plural - they are full", "*dām*": "noun, masculine, singular - blood", "*ʾāšît*": "qal imperfect, 1st singular - I will put/place", "*Dîmôn*": "proper noun - Dimon", "*nôsāpôt*": "noun, feminine, plural - additions/more", "*pĕlêṭat*": "noun, feminine, singular construct - escaped ones/refugees of", "*Môʾāḇ*": "proper noun - Moab", "*ʾaryê*": "noun, masculine, singular - lion", "*wə*": "conjunction - and", "*šĕʾērît*": "noun, feminine, singular construct - remnant of", "*ʾădāmâ*": "noun, feminine, singular - ground/land/soil" }, "variants": { "*Dîmôn*": "Dimon (place name, possibly wordplay with 'dam' meaning blood)", "*mālʾû*": "they are full/filled", "*ʾāšît*": "I will put/place/add", "*nôsāpôt*": "additions/more/further calamities", "*pĕlêṭat*": "escaped ones/refugees/survivors", "*ʾaryê*": "lion (as an agent of destruction)", "*šĕʾērît*": "remnant/remainder/survivors", "*ʾădāmâ*": "ground/land/soil (possibly 'Adamah' as place name)" } }
• Isa 34:16 : 16 { "verseID": "Isaiah.34.16", "source": "דִּרְשׁ֨וּ מֵֽעַל־סֵ֤פֶר יְהוָה֙ וּֽקְרָ֔אוּ אַחַ֤ת מֵהֵ֙נָּה֙ לֹ֣א נֶעְדָּ֔רָה אִשָּׁ֥ה רְעוּתָ֖הּ לֹ֣א פָקָ֑דוּ כִּֽי־פִי֙ ה֣וּא צִוָּ֔ה וְרוּח֖וֹ ה֥וּא קִבְּצָֽן׃", "text": "*diršû* *mēʿal*-*sēper* *yhwh* *ûqĕrāʾû* *ʾaḥat* *mēhēnnâ* *lōʾ* *neʿdārâ* *ʾiššâ* *rĕʿûtāh* *lōʾ* *pāqādû* *kî*-*pî* *hûʾ* *ṣiwwâ* *wĕrûḥô* *hûʾ* *qibbĕṣān*", "grammar": { "*diršû*": "qal imperative, masculine plural - seek", "*mēʿal*": "preposition + preposition - from upon", "*sēper*": "masculine singular construct - book of", "*yhwh*": "divine name - YHWH", "*ûqĕrāʾû*": "conjunction + qal imperative, masculine plural - and read", "*ʾaḥat*": "feminine singular numeral - one", "*mēhēnnâ*": "preposition + 3rd feminine plural pronoun - from these", "*lōʾ*": "negative particle - not", "*neʿdārâ*": "niphal perfect, 3rd feminine singular - is missing", "*ʾiššâ*": "feminine singular noun - woman/each", "*rĕʿûtāh*": "feminine singular noun + 3rd feminine singular suffix - her companion", "*lōʾ*": "negative particle - not", "*pāqādû*": "qal perfect, 3rd common plural - they missed", "*kî*": "conjunction - for/because", "*pî*": "masculine singular noun + 1st singular suffix - my mouth", "*hûʾ*": "3rd masculine singular pronoun - he/it", "*ṣiwwâ*": "piel perfect, 3rd masculine singular - he has commanded", "*wĕrûḥô*": "conjunction + feminine singular noun + 3rd masculine singular suffix - and his spirit/breath", "*hûʾ*": "3rd masculine singular pronoun - he/it", "*qibbĕṣān*": "piel perfect, 3rd masculine singular + 3rd feminine plural suffix - he has gathered them" }, "variants": { "*diršû*": "seek/search/inquire", "*sēper*": "book/scroll/document", "*qĕrāʾû*": "read/proclaim/call out", "*ʾaḥat*": "one/a single one", "*neʿdārâ*": "is missing/is lacking/is absent", "*ʾiššâ*": "woman/each one/each", "*rĕʿûtāh*": "her companion/her mate/her partner", "*pāqādû*": "they missed/they lacked/they were without", "*pî*": "my mouth/his mouth", "*ṣiwwâ*": "has commanded/has ordered", "*rûḥô*": "his spirit/his breath/his wind", "*qibbĕṣān*": "has gathered them/has collected them/has assembled them" } }
• Jer 48:1-49:6 : 1 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.48.1", "source": "לְמוֹאָ֡ב כֹּֽה־אָמַר֩ יְהוָ֨ה צְבָא֜וֹת אֱלֹהֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֗ל ה֤וֹי אֶל־נְבוֹ֙ כִּ֣י שֻׁדָּ֔דָה הֹבִ֥ישָׁה נִלְכְּדָ֖ה קִרְיָתָ֑יִם הֹבִ֥ישָׁה הַמִּשְׂגָּ֖ב וָחָֽתָּה׃", "text": "To *Môʾāḇ* thus *ʾāmar* *YHWH* *ṣᵉḇāʾôṯ* *ʾĕlōhê* *Yiśrāʾēl*, *hôy* to *Nᵉḇô* because *šuddāḏāh* [she is devastated], *hōḇîšāh* [she is put to shame], *nilkᵉḏāh* *Qiryāṯāyim*; *hōḇîšāh* *hammisĝāḇ* and *wāḥāttāh* [it is dismayed].", "grammar": { "*lᵉ-Môʾāḇ*": "preposition + proper noun, masculine singular - 'to/concerning Moab'", "*kōh*": "adverb - 'thus, so'", "*ʾāmar*": "Qal perfect 3rd masculine singular - 'said/speaks'", "*YHWH*": "proper noun, divine name - 'LORD'", "*ṣᵉḇāʾôṯ*": "noun, feminine plural construct - 'of hosts/armies'", "*ʾĕlōhê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - 'God of'", "*Yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - 'Israel'", "*hôy*": "interjection - 'woe'", "*ʾel-Nᵉḇô*": "preposition + proper noun - 'to/against Nebo'", "*kî*": "conjunction - 'because, for'", "*šuddāḏāh*": "Pual perfect 3rd feminine singular - 'she is devastated/destroyed'", "*hōḇîšāh*": "Hiphil perfect 3rd feminine singular - 'she is put to shame/disgraced'", "*nilkᵉḏāh*": "Niphal perfect 3rd feminine singular - 'she is captured/seized'", "*Qiryāṯāyim*": "proper noun - 'Kiriathaim'", "*hōḇîšāh*": "Hiphil perfect 3rd feminine singular - 'she is put to shame/disgraced'", "*hammisĝāḇ*": "article + noun, masculine singular - 'the stronghold/high refuge'", "*wāḥāttāh*": "conjunction + Qal perfect 3rd feminine singular - 'and she is dismayed/shattered'" }, "variants": { "*Môʾāḇ*": "Moab (nation east of Dead Sea)", "*YHWH ṣᵉḇāʾôṯ*": "LORD of hosts/armies/celestial forces", "*hôy*": "woe/alas (cry of lament)", "*šuddāḏāh*": "devastated/destroyed/plundered", "*hōḇîšāh*": "put to shame/disgraced/humiliated", "*misĝāḇ*": "stronghold/high refuge/fortress", "*ḥāttāh*": "dismayed/shattered/broken" } } 2 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.48.2", "source": "אֵ֣ין עוֹד֮ תְּהִלַּ֣ת מוֹאָב֒ בְּחֶשְׁבּ֗וֹן חָשְׁב֤וּ עָלֶ֙יהָ֙ רָעָ֔ה לְכ֖וּ וְנַכְרִיתֶ֣נָּה מִגּ֑וֹי גַּם־מַדְמֵ֣ן תִּדֹּ֔מִּי אַחֲרַ֖יִךְ תֵּ֥לֶךְ חָֽרֶב׃", "text": "*ʾên* again *tᵉhillaṯ* *Môʾāḇ*; in *Ḥešbôn* they *ḥāšᵉḇû* against her *rāʿāh* [evil]: 'Come and *wᵉnaḵrîṯennāh* from being a *gôy*.' Also *Maḏmēn*, *tiḏōmmî* [you will be silenced]; after you *tēleḵ* *ḥāreḇ* [a sword will go].", "grammar": { "*ʾên*": "particle of negation - 'there is not/no more'", "*ʿôḏ*": "adverb - 'still/again/anymore'", "*tᵉhillaṯ*": "noun, feminine singular construct - 'praise of/glory of'", "*Môʾāḇ*": "proper noun - 'Moab'", "*bᵉ-Ḥešbôn*": "preposition + proper noun - 'in Heshbon'", "*ḥāšᵉḇû*": "Qal perfect 3rd plural - 'they planned/devised'", "*ʿāleyhā*": "preposition + 3rd feminine singular suffix - 'against her'", "*rāʿāh*": "noun, feminine singular - 'evil/harm/calamity'", "*lᵉḵû*": "Qal imperative masculine plural - 'go/come'", "*wᵉnaḵrîṯennāh*": "conjunction + Hiphil imperfect 1st plural + 3rd feminine singular suffix - 'and let us cut her off'", "*mi-gôy*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular - 'from [being] a nation'", "*gam*": "adverb - 'also/even'", "*Maḏmēn*": "proper noun - 'Madmen (city in Moab)'", "*tiḏōmmî*": "Qal imperfect 2nd feminine singular - 'you will be silent/silenced/destroyed'", "*ʾaḥărayiḵ*": "preposition + 2nd feminine singular suffix - 'after you'", "*tēleḵ*": "Qal imperfect 3rd feminine singular - 'she will go/follow'", "*ḥāreḇ*": "noun, feminine singular - 'sword'" }, "variants": { "*tᵉhillaṯ*": "praise/glory/renown", "*Ḥešbôn*": "Heshbon (city in Moab); wordplay with *ḥāšᵉḇû* (planned)", "*ḥāšᵉḇû*": "planned/devised/thought", "*rāʿāh*": "evil/harm/calamity", "*naḵrîṯennāh*": "cut her off/destroy her/silence her", "*gôy*": "nation/people", "*Maḏmēn*": "Madmen (city); wordplay with *tiḏōmmî* (be silent)", "*tiḏōmmî*": "be silent/perish/be destroyed", "*ḥāreḇ*": "sword/warfare/destruction" } } 3 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.48.3", "source": "ק֥וֹל צְעָקָ֖ה מֵחֹֽרוֹנָ֑יִם שֹׁ֖ד וָשֶׁ֥בֶר גָּדֽוֹל׃", "text": "*qôl* *ṣᵉʿāqāh* from *Ḥōrônāyim*: *šōḏ* and *šeḇer* *gāḏôl* [great devastation and destruction].", "grammar": { "*qôl*": "noun, masculine singular construct - 'sound of/voice of'", "*ṣᵉʿāqāh*": "noun, feminine singular - 'outcry/cry'", "*mē-Ḥōrônāyim*": "preposition + proper noun - 'from Horonaim'", "*šōḏ*": "noun, masculine singular - 'devastation/destruction'", "*wā-šeḇer*": "conjunction + noun, masculine singular - 'and breaking/destruction'", "*gāḏôl*": "adjective, masculine singular - 'great/large'" }, "variants": { "*qôl ṣᵉʿāqāh*": "sound of crying/voice of distress/outcry", "*šōḏ*": "devastation/destruction/violence", "*šeḇer*": "breaking/fracture/destruction", "*gāḏôl*": "great/mighty/significant" } } 4 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.48.4", "source": "נִשְׁבְּרָ֖ה מוֹאָ֑ב הִשְׁמִ֥יעוּ זְּעָקָ֖ה *צעוריה **צְעִירֶֽיהָ׃", "text": "*nišbᵉrāh* *Môʾāḇ*; they *hišmîʿû* *zᵉʿāqāh* [have made heard a cry], her *ṣᵉʿîreyhā* [little ones].", "grammar": { "*nišbᵉrāh*": "Niphal perfect 3rd feminine singular - 'she is broken/shattered'", "*Môʾāḇ*": "proper noun - 'Moab'", "*hišmîʿû*": "Hiphil perfect 3rd plural - 'they made heard/caused to be heard'", "*zᵉʿāqāh*": "noun, feminine singular - 'outcry/cry/distress call'", "*ṣᵉʿîreyhā*": "noun, masculine plural construct + 3rd feminine singular suffix - 'her little ones/young ones'" }, "variants": { "*nišbᵉrāh*": "broken/shattered/destroyed", "*hišmîʿû*": "made heard/announced/proclaimed", "*zᵉʿāqāh*": "outcry/distress call/wailing", "*ṣᵉʿîreyhā*": "her little ones/her young ones/her children" } } 5 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.48.5", "source": "כִּ֚י מַעֲלֵ֣ה *הלחות **הַלּוּחִ֔ית בִּבְכִ֖י יַֽעֲלֶה־בֶּ֑כִי כִּ֚י בְּמוֹרַ֣ד חוֹרֹנַ֔יִם צָרֵ֥י צַֽעֲקַת־שֶׁ֖בֶר שָׁמֵֽעוּ׃", "text": "For [at] *maʿălēh* *hallûḥîṯ* with *beḵî* he *yaʿăleh-beḵî* [ascends with weeping]; for in *môraḏ* *Ḥôrōnayim* *ṣārê* *ṣaʿăqaṯ-šeḇer* *šāmēʿû* [the adversaries have heard a cry of destruction].", "grammar": { "*kî*": "conjunction - 'for/because'", "*maʿălēh*": "noun, masculine singular construct - 'ascent of'", "*hallûḥîṯ*": "article + proper noun - 'the Luhith'", "*bi-ḇḵî*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular - 'with weeping'", "*yaʿăleh*": "Qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - 'he goes up/ascends'", "*beḵî*": "noun, masculine singular - 'weeping'", "*kî*": "conjunction - 'for/because'", "*bᵉ-môraḏ*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular construct - 'in descent of'", "*Ḥôrōnayim*": "proper noun - 'Horonaim'", "*ṣārê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - 'adversaries of/distress of'", "*ṣaʿăqaṯ-šeḇer*": "noun, feminine singular construct + noun, masculine singular - 'cry of destruction'", "*šāmēʿû*": "Qal perfect 3rd plural - 'they heard'" }, "variants": { "*maʿălēh*": "ascent/slope/going up", "*bi-ḇḵî*": "with weeping/in tears", "*yaʿăleh-beḵî*": "ascends with weeping/goes up in tears", "*môraḏ*": "descent/slope/going down", "*ṣārê*": "adversaries/enemies/distresses", "*ṣaʿăqaṯ-šeḇer*": "cry of destruction/outcry of breaking" } } 6 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.48.6", "source": "נֻ֖סוּ מַלְּט֣וּ נַפְשְׁכֶ֑ם וְתִֽהְיֶ֔ינָה כַּעֲרוֹעֵ֖ר בַּמִּדְבָּֽר׃", "text": "*nusû* *malleṭû* *nap̄šᵉḵem* and *wᵉṯihyeynāh* like *kaʿărôʿēr* in the *middbār* [wilderness].", "grammar": { "*nusû*": "Qal imperative masculine plural - 'flee'", "*malleṭû*": "Piel imperative masculine plural - 'save/rescue'", "*nap̄šᵉḵem*": "noun, feminine singular construct + 2nd masculine plural suffix - 'your lives/souls'", "*wᵉṯihyeynāh*": "conjunction + Qal imperfect 2nd/3rd feminine plural - 'and you/they shall be'", "*kaʿărôʿēr*": "preposition + proper noun - 'like Aroer/like a juniper'", "*ba-middbār*": "preposition + article + noun, masculine singular - 'in the wilderness'" }, "variants": { "*nusû*": "flee/escape", "*malleṭû*": "save/deliver/rescue", "*nap̄šᵉḵem*": "your lives/your souls/yourselves", "*ʿărôʿēr*": "Aroer (city name)/juniper tree/stripped one", "*middbār*": "wilderness/desert/uninhabited land" } } 7 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.48.7", "source": "כִּ֠י יַ֣עַן בִּטְחֵ֤ךְ בְּמַעֲשַׂ֙יִךְ֙ וּבְא֣וֹצְרוֹתַ֔יִךְ גַּם־אַ֖תְּ תִּלָּכֵ֑דִי וְיָצָ֤א *כמיש **כְמוֹשׁ֙ בַּגּוֹלָ֔ה כֹּהֲנָ֥יו וְשָׂרָ֖יו *יחד **יַחְדָּֽיו׃", "text": "For *yaʿan* *biṭḥēḵ* in *bᵉmaʿăśayiḵ* and in *ûḇᵉʾôṣᵉrôṯayiḵ*, even you *tillāḵēḏî* [will be captured]; and *wᵉyāṣāʾ* *Kᵉmôš* in *baggôlāh* [exile], his *kōhănāyw* and his *śārāyw* *yaḥdāw* [together].", "grammar": { "*kî yaʿan*": "conjunction + preposition - 'because/since'", "*biṭḥēḵ*": "Qal infinitive construct + 2nd feminine singular suffix - 'your trusting'", "*bᵉ-maʿăśayiḵ*": "preposition + noun, masculine plural construct + 2nd feminine singular suffix - 'in your works/deeds'", "*û-ḇᵉ-ʾôṣᵉrôṯayiḵ*": "conjunction + preposition + noun, masculine plural construct + 2nd feminine singular suffix - 'and in your treasures'", "*gam*": "adverb - 'also/even'", "*ʾatt*": "pronoun, 2nd feminine singular - 'you'", "*tillāḵēḏî*": "Niphal imperfect 2nd feminine singular - 'you will be captured/caught'", "*wᵉ-yāṣāʾ*": "conjunction + Qal perfect 3rd masculine singular - 'and he will go out'", "*Kᵉmôš*": "proper noun - 'Chemosh (Moabite deity)'", "*ba-ggôlāh*": "preposition + article + noun, feminine singular - 'into the exile'", "*kōhănāyw*": "noun, masculine plural construct + 3rd masculine singular suffix - 'his priests'", "*wᵉ-śārāyw*": "conjunction + noun, masculine plural construct + 3rd masculine singular suffix - 'and his princes/officials'", "*yaḥdāw*": "adverb - 'together'" }, "variants": { "*biṭḥēḵ*": "your trust/your confidence", "*maʿăśayiḵ*": "your works/your deeds/your achievements", "*ʾôṣᵉrôṯayiḵ*": "your treasures/your storehouses", "*tillāḵēḏî*": "you will be captured/caught/seized", "*Kᵉmôš*": "Chemosh (national deity of Moab)", "*gôlāh*": "exile/captivity", "*kōhănāyw*": "his priests/his religious officials", "*śārāyw*": "his princes/his officials/his rulers", "*yaḥdāw*": "together/all at once/at the same time" } } 8 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.48.8", "source": "וְיָבֹ֨א שֹׁדֵ֜ד אֶל־כָּל־עִ֗יר וְעִיר֙ לֹ֣א תִמָּלֵ֔ט וְאָבַ֥ד הָעֵ֖מֶק וְנִשְׁמַ֣ד הַמִּישֹׁ֑ר אֲשֶׁ֖ר אָמַ֥ר יְהוָֽה׃", "text": "And *wᵉyāḇōʾ* *šōḏēḏ* to every *ʿîr*, and *wᵉʿîr* not *timmālēṭ* [will escape]; and *wᵉʾāḇaḏ* the *hāʿēmeq* and *wᵉnišmaḏ* the *hammîšōr*, which *ʾāmar* *YHWH*.", "grammar": { "*wᵉ-yāḇōʾ*": "conjunction + Qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - 'and he will come'", "*šōḏēḏ*": "Qal participle masculine singular - 'destroyer/spoiler'", "*ʾel-kol-ʿîr*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular construct + noun, feminine singular - 'to every city'", "*wᵉ-ʿîr*": "conjunction + noun, feminine singular - 'and [a] city'", "*lōʾ*": "negative particle - 'not'", "*timmālēṭ*": "Niphal imperfect 3rd feminine singular - 'she will escape/be delivered'", "*wᵉ-ʾāḇaḏ*": "conjunction + Qal perfect 3rd masculine singular - 'and will perish'", "*hā-ʿēmeq*": "article + noun, masculine singular - 'the valley'", "*wᵉ-nišmaḏ*": "conjunction + Niphal perfect 3rd masculine singular - 'and will be destroyed'", "*ha-mmîšōr*": "article + noun, masculine singular - 'the plain/plateau'", "*ʾăšer*": "relative pronoun - 'which/that'", "*ʾāmar*": "Qal perfect 3rd masculine singular - 'he said'", "*YHWH*": "proper noun, divine name - 'LORD'" }, "variants": { "*šōḏēḏ*": "destroyer/spoiler/ravager", "*timmālēṭ*": "escape/be delivered/survive", "*ʾāḇaḏ*": "perish/be destroyed/be lost", "*ʿēmeq*": "valley/lowland", "*nišmaḏ*": "be destroyed/be annihilated", "*mîšōr*": "plain/plateau/level country (refers to Moabite plateau)" } } 9 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.48.9", "source": "תְּנוּ־צִ֣יץ לְמוֹאָ֔ב כִּ֥י נָצֹ֖א תֵּצֵ֑א וְעָרֶ֙יהָ֙ לְשַׁמָּ֣ה תִֽהְיֶ֔ינָה מֵאֵ֥ין יוֹשֵׁ֖ב בָּהֵֽן׃", "text": "Give *ṣîṣ* to *Môʾāḇ* for *nāṣōʾ* *tēṣēʾ* [surely she will go out], and her *wᵉʿāreyhā* *lᵉšammāh* *ṯihyeynāh* [will become a desolation] from *mēʾên* *yôšēḇ* in them.", "grammar": { "*tᵉnû*": "Qal imperative masculine plural - 'give'", "*ṣîṣ*": "noun, masculine singular - 'wing/flower/sign'", "*lᵉ-Môʾāḇ*": "preposition + proper noun - 'to Moab'", "*kî*": "conjunction - 'for/because'", "*nāṣōʾ*": "Qal infinitive absolute - 'surely going out'", "*tēṣēʾ*": "Qal imperfect 3rd feminine singular - 'she will go out'", "*wᵉ-ʿāreyhā*": "conjunction + noun, feminine plural construct + 3rd feminine singular suffix - 'and her cities'", "*lᵉ-šammāh*": "preposition + noun, feminine singular - 'to desolation'", "*ṯihyeynāh*": "Qal imperfect 3rd feminine plural - 'they will be/become'", "*mē-ʾên*": "preposition + particle of negation - 'from [there] not being'", "*yôšēḇ*": "Qal participle masculine singular - 'inhabitant/dweller'", "*bāhēn*": "preposition + 3rd feminine plural suffix - 'in them'" }, "variants": { "*ṣîṣ*": "flower/wing/sign (possibly meaning 'salt' or 'wings' in this context)", "*nāṣōʾ tēṣēʾ*": "surely go out/definitely depart/completely go away", "*šammāh*": "desolation/waste/horror", "*mēʾên yôšēḇ*": "without inhabitant/with no one dwelling" } } 10 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.48.10", "source": "אָר֗וּר עֹשֶׂ֛ה מְלֶ֥אכֶת יְהוָ֖ה רְמִיָּ֑ה וְאָר֕וּר מֹנֵ֥עַ חַרְבּ֖וֹ מִדָּֽם׃", "text": "*ʾārûr* *ʿōśeh* *mᵉleʾḵeṯ* *YHWH* *rᵉmiyyāh*, and *wᵉʾārûr* *mōnēaʿ* his *ḥarbô* from *middām* [blood].", "grammar": { "*ʾārûr*": "Qal passive participle masculine singular - 'cursed'", "*ʿōśeh*": "Qal participle masculine singular construct - 'doer of'", "*mᵉleʾḵeṯ*": "noun, feminine singular construct - 'work of'", "*YHWH*": "proper noun, divine name - 'LORD'", "*rᵉmiyyāh*": "noun, feminine singular - 'deceitfully/negligently'", "*wᵉ-ʾārûr*": "conjunction + Qal passive participle masculine singular - 'and cursed'", "*mōnēaʿ*": "Qal participle masculine singular - 'withholding/keeping back'", "*ḥarbô*": "noun, feminine singular construct + 3rd masculine singular suffix - 'his sword'", "*mi-ddām*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular - 'from blood'" }, "variants": { "*ʾārûr*": "cursed/under a curse", "*ʿōśeh mᵉleʾḵeṯ YHWH rᵉmiyyāh*": "does the LORD's work deceitfully/performs the LORD's task negligently", "*mōnēaʿ ḥarbô middām*": "withholds his sword from blood/keeps back his sword from bloodshed" } } 11 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.48.11", "source": "שַׁאֲנַ֨ן מוֹאָ֜ב מִנְּעוּרָ֗יו וְשֹׁקֵ֥ט הוּא֙ אֶל־שְׁמָרָ֔יו וְלֹֽא־הוּרַ֤ק מִכְּלִי֙ אֶל־כֶּ֔לִי וּבַגּוֹלָ֖ה לֹ֣א הָלָ֑ךְ עַל־כֵּ֗ן עָמַ֤ד טַעְמוֹ֙ בּ֔וֹ וְרֵיח֖וֹ לֹ֥א נָמָֽר׃", "text": "*šaʾănan* *Môʾāḇ* from *minnᵉʿûrāyw* and *wᵉšōqēṭ* he to *ʾel-šᵉmārāyw* and not *hûraq* from *mikklî* to *ʾel-kelî*, and *ûḇaggôlāh* not *hālāḵ*; therefore *ʿāmaḏ* his *ṭaʿᵉmô* in him, and his *wᵉrêḥô* not *nāmār*.", "grammar": { "*šaʾănan*": "adjective, masculine singular - 'at ease/undisturbed'", "*Môʾāḇ*": "proper noun - 'Moab'", "*mi-nnᵉʿûrāyw*": "preposition + noun, masculine plural construct + 3rd masculine singular suffix - 'from his youth'", "*wᵉ-šōqēṭ*": "conjunction + Qal participle masculine singular - 'and settling/resting'", "*hûʾ*": "pronoun, 3rd masculine singular - 'he'", "*ʾel-šᵉmārāyw*": "preposition + noun, masculine plural construct + 3rd masculine singular suffix - 'on his dregs/sediment'", "*wᵉ-lōʾ*": "conjunction + negative particle - 'and not'", "*hûraq*": "Hophal perfect 3rd masculine singular - 'he was emptied/poured'", "*mi-kklî*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular - 'from vessel'", "*ʾel-kelî*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular - 'to vessel'", "*û-ḇa-ggôlāh*": "conjunction + preposition + article + noun, feminine singular - 'and into exile'", "*lōʾ*": "negative particle - 'not'", "*hālāḵ*": "Qal perfect 3rd masculine singular - 'he went'", "*ʿal-kēn*": "preposition + adverb - 'therefore'", "*ʿāmaḏ*": "Qal perfect 3rd masculine singular - 'it stood/remained'", "*ṭaʿᵉmô*": "noun, masculine singular construct + 3rd masculine singular suffix - 'his taste'", "*bô*": "preposition + 3rd masculine singular suffix - 'in him'", "*wᵉ-rêḥô*": "conjunction + noun, masculine singular construct + 3rd masculine singular suffix - 'and his scent/aroma'", "*lōʾ*": "negative particle - 'not'", "*nāmār*": "Niphal perfect 3rd masculine singular - 'it changed'" }, "variants": { "*šaʾănan*": "at ease/undisturbed/complacent", "*šᵉmārāyw*": "his dregs/his sediment/his lees (wine-making metaphor)", "*hûraq*": "was emptied/was poured out/was decanted", "*kelî*": "vessel/container/jar", "*gôlāh*": "exile/captivity", "*ṭaʿᵉmô*": "his taste/his flavor", "*rêḥô*": "his scent/his aroma/his smell", "*nāmār*": "changed/was altered" } } 12 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.48.12", "source": "לָכֵ֞ן הִנֵּ֖ה־יָמִ֤ים בָּאִים֙ נְאֻם־יְהוָ֔ה וְשִׁלַּחְתִּי־ל֥וֹ צֹעִ֖ים וְצֵעֻ֑הוּ וְכֵלָ֣יו יָרִ֔יקוּ וְנִבְלֵיהֶ֖ם יְנַפֵּֽצוּ׃", "text": "Therefore *hinnēh*-days *bāʾîm* *nᵉʾum*-*YHWH* and *wᵉšillaḥtî*-to him *ṣōʿîm* and *wᵉṣēʿûhû* [they will tip him over], and his *wᵉḵēlāyw* they *yārîqû* [will empty], and their *wᵉniḇlêhem* they *yᵉnappēṣû* [will shatter].", "grammar": { "*lāḵēn*": "adverb - 'therefore'", "*hinnēh*": "interjection - 'behold'", "*yāmîm*": "noun, masculine plural - 'days'", "*bāʾîm*": "Qal participle masculine plural - 'coming'", "*nᵉʾum*": "noun, masculine singular construct - 'declaration of'", "*YHWH*": "proper noun, divine name - 'LORD'", "*wᵉ-šillaḥtî*": "conjunction + Piel perfect 1st singular - 'and I will send'", "*lô*": "preposition + 3rd masculine singular suffix - 'to him'", "*ṣōʿîm*": "Qal participle masculine plural - 'tippers/those who tilt'", "*wᵉ-ṣēʿûhû*": "conjunction + Piel perfect 3rd plural + 3rd masculine singular suffix - 'and they will tip him over'", "*wᵉ-ḵēlāyw*": "conjunction + noun, masculine plural construct + 3rd masculine singular suffix - 'and his vessels'", "*yārîqû*": "Hiphil imperfect 3rd masculine plural - 'they will empty'", "*wᵉ-niḇlêhem*": "conjunction + noun, masculine plural construct + 3rd masculine plural suffix - 'and their jars/bottles'", "*yᵉnappēṣû*": "Piel imperfect 3rd masculine plural - 'they will shatter/break in pieces'" }, "variants": { "*hinnēh-yāmîm bāʾîm*": "behold, days are coming", "*nᵉʾum-YHWH*": "declaration of the LORD/says the LORD", "*ṣōʿîm*": "tippers/those who tilt/pourers (wine workers)", "*ṣēʿûhû*": "tip him over/pour him out/tilt him", "*yārîqû*": "empty/pour out", "*niḇlêhem*": "their jars/their bottles/their vessels", "*yᵉnappēṣû*": "shatter/dash to pieces/break" } } 13 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.48.13", "source": "וּבֹ֥שׁ מוֹאָ֖ב מִכְּמ֑וֹשׁ כַּאֲשֶׁר־בֹּ֙שׁוּ֙ בֵּ֣ית יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל מִבֵּ֥ית אֵ֖ל מִבְטֶחָֽם׃", "text": "And *ûḇōš* *Môʾāḇ* from *Kᵉmôš* as *kaʾăšer*-*bōšû* *bêṯ* *Yiśrāʾēl* from *Bêṯ* *ʾĒl* their *miḇṭeḥām* [confidence].", "grammar": { "*û-ḇōš*": "conjunction + Qal perfect 3rd masculine singular - 'and will be ashamed'", "*Môʾāḇ*": "proper noun - 'Moab'", "*mi-Kᵉmôš*": "preposition + proper noun - 'because of Chemosh'", "*ka-ʾăšer*": "preposition + relative pronoun - 'as/just as'", "*bōšû*": "Qal perfect 3rd plural - 'they were ashamed'", "*bêṯ*": "noun, masculine singular construct - 'house of'", "*Yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - 'Israel'", "*mi-Bêṯ ʾĒl*": "preposition + proper noun - 'because of Bethel'", "*miḇṭeḥām*": "noun, masculine singular construct + 3rd masculine plural suffix - 'their confidence'" }, "variants": { "*ûḇōš*": "be ashamed/be disappointed/be confounded", "*Kᵉmôš*": "Chemosh (national deity of Moab)", "*bōšû*": "were ashamed/were disappointed", "*Bêṯ ʾĒl*": "Bethel (place of worship in northern Israel)", "*miḇṭeḥām*": "their confidence/their trust/their security" } } 14 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.48.14", "source": "אֵ֚יךְ תֹּֽאמְר֔וּ גִּבּוֹרִ֖ים אֲנָ֑חְנוּ וְאַנְשֵׁי־חַ֖יִל לַמִּלְחָמָֽה׃", "text": "How *tōʾmᵉrû* '*gibbôrîm* *ʾănāḥnû* and *wᵉʾanšê*-*ḥayil* for the *milḥāmāh*'?", "grammar": { "*ʾêḵ*": "interrogative adverb - 'how'", "*tōʾmᵉrû*": "Qal imperfect 2nd masculine plural - 'you say'", "*gibbôrîm*": "adjective, masculine plural - 'mighty men/warriors'", "*ʾănāḥnû*": "pronoun, 1st plural - 'we'", "*wᵉ-ʾanšê*": "conjunction + noun, masculine plural construct - 'and men of'", "*ḥayil*": "noun, masculine singular - 'strength/might/valor'", "*la-milḥāmāh*": "preposition + article + noun, feminine singular - 'for the battle/war'" }, "variants": { "*gibbôrîm*": "mighty men/warriors/heroes", "*ʾanšê-ḥayil*": "men of valor/mighty men/strong men", "*milḥāmāh*": "battle/war/fighting" } } 15 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.48.15", "source": "שֻׁדַּ֤ד מוֹאָב֙ וְעָרֶ֣יהָ עָלָ֔ה וּמִבְחַ֥ר בַּֽחוּרָ֖יו יָרְד֣וּ לַטָּ֑בַח נְאֻ֨ם־הַמֶּ֔לֶךְ יְהוָ֥ה צְבָא֖וֹת שְׁמֽוֹ׃", "text": "*šuddaḏ* *Môʾāḇ* and her *wᵉʿāreyhā* *ʿālāh* [he has gone up], and choice of her *baḥûrāyw* *yārᵉḏû* to the *laṭṭāḇaḥ* [slaughter], *nᵉʾum*-the *hammelek* *YHWH* *ṣᵉḇāʾôṯ* his *šᵉmô*.", "grammar": { "*šuddaḏ*": "Pual perfect 3rd masculine singular - 'is devastated/spoiled'", "*Môʾāḇ*": "proper noun - 'Moab'", "*wᵉ-ʿāreyhā*": "conjunction + noun, feminine plural construct + 3rd feminine singular suffix - 'and her cities'", "*ʿālāh*": "Qal perfect 3rd masculine singular - 'he went up'", "*û-miḇḥar*": "conjunction + noun, masculine singular construct - 'and choice of'", "*baḥûrāyw*": "noun, masculine plural construct + 3rd masculine singular suffix - 'his young men'", "*yārᵉḏû*": "Qal perfect 3rd plural - 'they went down'", "*la-ṭṭāḇaḥ*": "preposition + article + noun, masculine singular - 'to the slaughter'", "*nᵉʾum*": "noun, masculine singular construct - 'declaration of'", "*ha-mmelek*": "article + noun, masculine singular - 'the King'", "*YHWH*": "proper noun, divine name - 'LORD'", "*ṣᵉḇāʾôṯ*": "noun, feminine plural - 'of hosts/armies'", "*šᵉmô*": "noun, masculine singular construct + 3rd masculine singular suffix - 'his name'" }, "variants": { "*šuddaḏ*": "devastated/spoiled/destroyed", "*ʿālāh*": "gone up/ascended/invaded", "*miḇḥar baḥûrāyw*": "choice of his young men/his best young men", "*yārᵉḏû laṭṭāḇaḥ*": "gone down to slaughter/descended to butchering", "*nᵉʾum-hammelek*": "declaration of the King/says the King", "*YHWH ṣᵉḇāʾôṯ šᵉmô*": "LORD of hosts is his name/the LORD of armies is his name" } } 16 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.48.16", "source": "קָר֥וֹב אֵיד־מוֹאָ֖ב לָב֑וֹא וְרָ֣עָת֔וֹ מִהֲרָ֖ה מְאֹֽד׃", "text": "Near [is] *ʾêḏ*-*Môʾāḇ* *lāḇôʾ* [to come], and his *wᵉrāʿāṯô* *mihărāh* *mᵉʾōḏ* [hurries exceedingly].", "grammar": { "*qārôḇ*": "adjective, masculine singular - 'near/at hand'", "*ʾêḏ*": "noun, masculine singular construct - 'calamity of'", "*Môʾāḇ*": "proper noun - 'Moab'", "*lā-ḇôʾ*": "preposition + Qal infinitive construct - 'to come'", "*wᵉ-rāʿāṯô*": "conjunction + noun, feminine singular construct + 3rd masculine singular suffix - 'and his disaster'", "*mihărāh*": "Piel perfect 3rd feminine singular - 'hastens/hurries'", "*mᵉʾōḏ*": "adverb - 'very/exceedingly'" }, "variants": { "*qārôḇ*": "near/approaching/imminent", "*ʾêḏ*": "calamity/disaster/destruction", "*lāḇôʾ*": "to come/to arrive", "*rāʿāṯô*": "his disaster/his calamity/his evil", "*mihărāh*": "hastens/hurries/rushes", "*mᵉʾōḏ*": "very/exceedingly/greatly" } } 17 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.48.17", "source": "נֻ֤דוּ לוֹ֙ כָּל־סְבִיבָ֔יו וְכֹ֖ל יֹדְעֵ֣י שְׁמ֑וֹ אִמְר֗וּ אֵיכָ֤ה נִשְׁבַּר֙ מַטֵּה־עֹ֔ז מַקֵּ֖ל תִּפְאָרָֽה׃", "text": "*nûḏû* to him, all his *sᵉḇîḇāyw* and all *yōḏᵉʿê* his *šᵉmô*; *ʾimrû*: '*ʾêḵāh* *nišbar* *maṭṭēh*-*ʿōz*, *maqqēl* *tip̄ʾārāh*?'", "grammar": { "*nûḏû*": "Qal imperative masculine plural - 'mourn/bemoan'", "*lô*": "preposition + 3rd masculine singular suffix - 'for him'", "*kol*": "noun, masculine singular construct - 'all of'", "*sᵉḇîḇāyw*": "noun, masculine plural construct + 3rd masculine singular suffix - 'his surroundings/those around him'", "*wᵉ-ḵōl*": "conjunction + noun, masculine singular construct - 'and all of'", "*yōḏᵉʿê*": "Qal participle masculine plural construct - 'knowers of'", "*šᵉmô*": "noun, masculine singular construct + 3rd masculine singular suffix - 'his name'", "*ʾimrû*": "Qal imperative masculine plural - 'say'", "*ʾêḵāh*": "interrogative adverb - 'how'", "*nišbar*": "Niphal perfect 3rd masculine singular - 'is broken'", "*maṭṭēh*": "noun, masculine singular construct - 'staff of'", "*ʿōz*": "noun, masculine singular - 'strength/might'", "*maqqēl*": "noun, masculine singular construct - 'rod of'", "*tip̄ʾārāh*": "noun, feminine singular - 'glory/beauty'" }, "variants": { "*nûḏû*": "mourn/bemoan/lament", "*sᵉḇîḇāyw*": "his surroundings/those around him/his neighbors", "*yōḏᵉʿê šᵉmô*": "knowers of his name/those who know his name", "*ʾêḵāh*": "how/in what way", "*nišbar*": "is broken/is shattered", "*maṭṭēh-ʿōz*": "staff of strength/mighty rod/strong scepter", "*maqqēl tip̄ʾārāh*": "rod of glory/beautiful staff/glorious scepter" } } 18 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.48.18", "source": "רְדִ֤י מִכָּבוֹד֙ *ישבי **וּשְׁבִ֣י בַצָּמָ֔א יֹשֶׁ֖בֶת בַּת־דִּיב֑וֹן כִּֽי־שֹׁדֵ֤ד מוֹאָב֙ עָ֣לָה בָ֔ךְ שִׁחֵ֖ת מִבְצָרָֽיִךְ׃", "text": "*rᵉḏî* from *kāḇôḏ* and *ûšᵉḇî* in the *baṣṣāmāʾ* [thirst], *yōšeḇeṯ* *baṯ*-*Dîḇôn*, for *šōḏēḏ* *Môʾāḇ* *ʿālāh* against you, *šiḥēṯ* your *miḇṣārāyiḵ* [fortresses].", "grammar": { "*rᵉḏî*": "Qal imperative feminine singular - 'come down/descend'", "*mi-kāḇôḏ*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular - 'from glory'", "*û-šᵉḇî*": "conjunction + Qal imperative feminine singular - 'and sit/dwell'", "*ba-ṣṣāmāʾ*": "preposition + article + noun, masculine singular - 'in the thirst'", "*yōšeḇeṯ*": "Qal participle feminine singular construct - 'inhabitant of/dweller of'", "*baṯ*": "noun, feminine singular construct - 'daughter of'", "*Dîḇôn*": "proper noun - 'Dibon'", "*kî*": "conjunction - 'for/because'", "*šōḏēḏ*": "Qal participle masculine singular construct - 'destroyer of'", "*Môʾāḇ*": "proper noun - 'Moab'", "*ʿālāh*": "Qal perfect 3rd masculine singular - 'he has come up'", "*ḇāḵ*": "preposition + 2nd feminine singular suffix - 'against you'", "*šiḥēṯ*": "Piel perfect 3rd masculine singular - 'he has destroyed'", "*miḇṣārāyiḵ*": "noun, masculine plural construct + 2nd feminine singular suffix - 'your fortresses'" }, "variants": { "*rᵉḏî mikāḇôḏ*": "come down from glory/descend from honor", "*šᵉḇî baṣṣāmāʾ*": "sit in thirst/dwell in thirst", "*yōšeḇeṯ baṯ-Dîḇôn*": "inhabitant of daughter of Dibon/dweller of the daughter Dibon", "*šōḏēḏ*": "destroyer/plunderer/ravager", "*ʿālāh*": "come up/ascended/attacked", "*šiḥēṯ*": "destroyed/ruined", "*miḇṣārāyiḵ*": "your fortresses/your strongholds" } } 19 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.48.19", "source": "אֶל־דֶּ֛רֶךְ עִמְדִ֥י וְצַפִּ֖י יוֹשֶׁ֣בֶת עֲרוֹעֵ֑ר שַׁאֲלִי־נָ֣ס וְנִמְלָ֔טָה אִמְרִ֖י מַה־נִּֽהְיָֽתָה׃", "text": "To *dereḵ* *ʿimḏî* and *wᵉṣappî* [watch], *yôšeḇeṯ* *ʿĂrôʿēr*; *šaʾălî*-one who flees and one who *wᵉnimlāṭāh* [escapes], *ʾimrî* 'What *nihyāṯāh* [has happened]?'", "grammar": { "*ʾel-dereḵ*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular - 'to/by the road'", "*ʿimḏî*": "Qal imperative feminine singular - 'stand'", "*wᵉ-ṣappî*": "conjunction + Piel imperative feminine singular - 'and watch/look out'", "*yôšeḇeṯ*": "Qal participle feminine singular construct - 'inhabitant of'", "*ʿĂrôʿēr*": "proper noun - 'Aroer'", "*šaʾălî*": "Qal imperative feminine singular - 'ask'", "*nās*": "Qal participle masculine singular - 'fleeing'", "*wᵉ-nimlāṭāh*": "conjunction + Niphal participle feminine singular - 'and escaping'" }, "variants": { "*ʾel-dereḵ ʿimḏî*": "stand by the road/stand at the way", "*ṣappî*": "watch/look out/observe", "*yôšeḇeṯ ʿĂrôʿēr*": "inhabitant of Aroer/dweller of Aroer", "*nās wᵉnimlāṭāh*": "one who flees and escapes/fugitive and survivor", "*nihyāṯāh*": "has happened/has occurred/has come to pass" } } 20 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.48.20", "source": "הֹבִ֥ישׁ מוֹאָ֛ב כִּֽי־חַ֖תָּה הֵילִ֣ילוּ ׀ וּֽזְעָ֑קוּ הַגִּ֣ידוּ בְאַרְנ֔וֹן כִּ֥י שֻׁדַּ֖ד מוֹאָֽב׃", "text": "*hōbîš* *mōʾāb* because *ḥattâ* *hêlîlû* and *ûzeʿāqû* *haggîdû* in *ʾarnôn* because *šuddad* *mōʾāb*", "grammar": { "*hōbîš*": "perfect, 3rd masculine singular - he is ashamed/put to shame", "*mōʾāb*": "proper noun, masculine singular - Moab", "*ḥattâ*": "perfect, 3rd feminine singular - she is broken/dismayed", "*hêlîlû*": "imperative, 2nd plural - wail/howl ye", "*ûzeʿāqû*": "imperative with waw-consecutive, 2nd plural - cry out/shriek ye", "*haggîdû*": "imperative, 2nd plural - tell/declare ye", "*ʾarnôn*": "proper noun - Arnon (river)", "*šuddad*": "pual perfect, 3rd masculine singular - he is destroyed/devastated", "*mōʾāb*": "proper noun, masculine singular - Moab" }, "variants": { "*hōbîš*": "is put to shame/is ashamed/is disgraced", "*ḥattâ*": "is broken/dismayed/terrified", "*hêlîlû*": "wail/howl/lament", "*ûzeʿāqû*": "cry out/shriek/scream", "*haggîdû*": "tell/declare/announce", "*šuddad*": "is destroyed/devastated/ruined" } } 21 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.48.21", "source": "וּמִשְׁפָּ֥ט בָּ֖א אֶל־אֶ֣רֶץ הַמִּישֹׁ֑ר אֶל־חֹל֥וֹן וְאֶל־יַ֖הְצָה וְעַל־מֵיפָֽעַת׃", "text": "And *mišpāṭ* *bāʾ* to *ʾereṣ* the *hammîšōr* to *ḥōlôn* and to *yahṣâ* and against *mêpāʿat*", "grammar": { "*mišpāṭ*": "noun, masculine singular, construct - judgment/justice", "*bāʾ*": "perfect, 3rd masculine singular - has come", "*ʾereṣ*": "noun, feminine singular, construct - land/earth of", "*hammîšōr*": "noun with definite article, masculine singular - the plain/plateau", "*ḥōlôn*": "proper noun - Holon (city)", "*yahṣâ*": "proper noun - Jahaz/Jahzah (city)", "*mêpāʿat*": "proper noun - Mephaath (city)" }, "variants": { "*mišpāṭ*": "judgment/justice/decision/verdict", "*bāʾ*": "has come/arrived/entered", "*ʾereṣ*": "land/earth/territory/ground", "*hammîšōr*": "the plain/plateau/level place/table-land" } } 22 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.48.22", "source": "וְעַל־דִּיב֣וֹן וְעַל־נְב֔וֹ וְעַל־בֵּ֖ית דִּבְלָתָֽיִם׃", "text": "And against *dîbôn* and against *nebô* and against *bêt diblātāyim*", "grammar": { "*dîbôn*": "proper noun - Dibon (city)", "*nebô*": "proper noun - Nebo (city)", "*bêt diblātāyim*": "compound proper noun - Beth-diblathaim (city)" }, "variants": {} } 23 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.48.23", "source": "וְעַ֧ל קִרְיָתַ֛יִם וְעַל־בֵּ֥ית גָּמ֖וּל וְעַל־בֵּ֥ית מְעֽוֹן׃", "text": "And against *qiryātayim* and against *bêt gāmûl* and against *bêt meʿôn*", "grammar": { "*qiryātayim*": "proper noun - Kiriathaim (city)", "*bêt gāmûl*": "compound proper noun - Beth-gamul (city)", "*bêt meʿôn*": "compound proper noun - Beth-meon (city)" }, "variants": {} } 24 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.48.24", "source": "וְעַל־קְרִיּ֖וֹת וְעַל־בָּצְרָ֑ה וְעַ֗ל כָּל־עָרֵי֙ אֶ֣רֶץ מוֹאָ֔ב הָרְחֹק֖וֹת וְהַקְּרֹבֽוֹת׃", "text": "And against *qeriyyôt* and against *bāṣrâ* and against all *ʿārê* *ʾereṣ* *mōʾāb* the *hārḥōqôt* and the *haqqerōbôt*", "grammar": { "*qeriyyôt*": "proper noun - Kerioth (city)", "*bāṣrâ*": "proper noun - Bozrah (city)", "*ʿārê*": "noun, feminine plural, construct - cities of", "*ʾereṣ*": "noun, feminine singular, construct - land of", "*mōʾāb*": "proper noun - Moab", "*hārḥōqôt*": "adjective with definite article, feminine plural - the far/distant ones", "*haqqerōbôt*": "adjective with definite article, feminine plural - the near/close ones" }, "variants": { "*ʿārê*": "cities/towns/urban centers", "*ʾereṣ*": "land/territory/country", "*hārḥōqôt*": "far away/distant/remote", "*haqqerōbôt*": "near/close/at hand" } } 25 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.48.25", "source": "נִגְדְּעָה֙ קֶ֣רֶן מוֹאָ֔ב וּזְרֹע֖וֹ נִשְׁבָּ֑רָה נְאֻ֖ם יְהוָֽה׃", "text": "*nigdeʿâ* *qeren* *mōʾāb* and *zerōʿô* *nišbārâ* *neʾum* *YHWH*", "grammar": { "*nigdeʿâ*": "niphal perfect, 3rd feminine singular - is cut off/broken", "*qeren*": "noun, feminine singular, construct - horn of/power of", "*mōʾāb*": "proper noun - Moab", "*zerōʿô*": "noun with possessive suffix, feminine singular - his arm/strength", "*nišbārâ*": "niphal perfect, 3rd feminine singular - is broken/shattered", "*neʾum*": "noun, masculine singular, construct - declaration of", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - the LORD/Yahweh" }, "variants": { "*nigdeʿâ*": "is cut off/broken/hewn down", "*qeren*": "horn/power/strength/might", "*zerōʿô*": "his arm/strength/power", "*nišbārâ*": "is broken/shattered/fractured", "*neʾum*": "declaration/utterance/oracle" } } 26 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.48.26", "source": "הַשְׁכִּירֻ֕הוּ כִּ֥י עַל־יְהוָ֖ה הִגְדִּ֑יל וְסָפַ֤ק מוֹאָב֙ בְּקִיא֔וֹ וְהָיָ֥ה לִשְׂחֹ֖ק גַּם־הֽוּא׃", "text": "*haškîrûhû* because against *YHWH* *higdîl* and *sāpaq* *mōʾāb* in *qîʾô* and *hāyâ* to *śeḥōq* also he", "grammar": { "*haškîrûhû*": "hiphil imperative with suffix, 2nd masculine plural - make him drunk", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - the LORD/Yahweh", "*higdîl*": "hiphil perfect, 3rd masculine singular - he magnified/boasted", "*sāpaq*": "perfect, 3rd masculine singular - he claps/wallows", "*mōʾāb*": "proper noun - Moab", "*qîʾô*": "noun with possessive suffix, masculine singular - his vomit", "*hāyâ*": "perfect, 3rd masculine singular - he became/was", "*śeḥōq*": "noun, masculine singular - laughter/derision/mockery" }, "variants": { "*haškîrûhû*": "make him drunk/intoxicate him", "*higdîl*": "magnified himself/boasted/acted proudly", "*sāpaq*": "claps/wallows/splashes", "*qîʾô*": "his vomit/what he has vomited", "*hāyâ*": "became/was/will be", "*śeḥōq*": "laughter/derision/mockery/object of scorn" } } 27 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.48.27", "source": "וְאִ֣ם ׀ ל֣וֹא הַשְּׂחֹ֗ק הָיָ֤ה לְךָ֙ יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל אִם־בְּגַנָּבִ֖ים נִמְצָ֑א כִּֽי־מִדֵּ֧י דְבָרֶ֛יךָ בּ֖וֹ תִּתְנוֹדָֽד׃", "text": "And if not the *śeḥōq* *hāyâ* to you *yiśrāʾēl* if among *gannābîm* *nimṣāʾ* because from abundance of *debāreykā* about him *titnôdād*", "grammar": { "*śeḥōq*": "noun with definite article, masculine singular - the derision/mockery", "*hāyâ*": "perfect, 3rd masculine singular - he was/became", "*yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel", "*gannābîm*": "noun, masculine plural - thieves", "*nimṣāʾ*": "niphal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - he was found", "*debāreykā*": "noun with possessive suffix, masculine plural - your words", "*titnôdād*": "hithpael imperfect, 2nd masculine singular - you wag/shake (your head)" }, "variants": { "*śeḥōq*": "derision/mockery/laughter/object of ridicule", "*hāyâ*": "was/became/existed", "*gannābîm*": "thieves/robbers", "*nimṣāʾ*": "was found/discovered/caught", "*debāreykā*": "your words/statements/speech", "*titnôdād*": "you wag/shake/nod (as in derision)" } } 28 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.48.28", "source": "עִזְב֤וּ עָרִים֙ וְשִׁכְנ֣וּ בַסֶּ֔לַע יֹשְׁבֵ֖י מוֹאָ֑ב וִֽהְי֣וּ כְיוֹנָ֔ה תְּקַנֵּ֖ן בְּעֶבְרֵ֥י פִי־פָֽחַת׃", "text": "*ʿizbû* *ʿārîm* and *šiknû* in the *selaʿ* *yōšebê* *mōʾāb* and *wihyû* like *yônâ* *teqannēn* in *ʿebrê* *pî-pāḥat*", "grammar": { "*ʿizbû*": "imperative, 2nd masculine plural - abandon/leave ye", "*ʿārîm*": "noun, feminine plural - cities", "*šiknû*": "imperative, 2nd masculine plural - dwell ye", "*selaʿ*": "noun with definite article, masculine singular - the rock/cliff", "*yōšebê*": "participle, masculine plural, construct - dwellers of/inhabitants of", "*mōʾāb*": "proper noun - Moab", "*wihyû*": "imperative with waw-consecutive, 2nd masculine plural - and be ye", "*yônâ*": "noun, feminine singular - dove", "*teqannēn*": "piel imperfect, 3rd feminine singular - she nests", "*ʿebrê*": "noun, masculine plural, construct - sides of/passages of", "*pî-pāḥat*": "compound noun - mouth of pit/entrance of cave" }, "variants": { "*ʿizbû*": "abandon/leave/forsake", "*ʿārîm*": "cities/towns", "*šiknû*": "dwell/reside/live", "*selaʿ*": "rock/cliff/crag", "*yōšebê*": "inhabitants/dwellers/residents", "*wihyû*": "be/become", "*yônâ*": "dove/pigeon", "*teqannēn*": "makes a nest/nests", "*ʿebrê*": "sides/passages/crossings", "*pî-pāḥat*": "mouth of pit/opening of cave/entrance of hole" } } 29 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.48.29", "source": "שָׁמַ֥עְנוּ גְאוֹן־מוֹאָ֖ב גֵּאֶ֣ה מְאֹ֑ד גָּבְה֧וֹ וּגְאוֹנ֛וֹ וְגַאֲוָת֖וֹ וְרֻ֥ם לִבּֽוֹ׃", "text": "*šāmaʿnû* *geʾôn-mōʾāb* *gēʾeh* *meʾōd* *gābhô* and *ûgeʾônô* and *wegaʾawātô* and *werum* *libbô*", "grammar": { "*šāmaʿnû*": "perfect, 1st common plural - we have heard", "*geʾôn-mōʾāb*": "compound noun - pride of Moab", "*gēʾeh*": "adjective, masculine singular - proud", "*meʾōd*": "adverb - very/exceedingly", "*gābhô*": "noun with possessive suffix, masculine singular - his height/exaltation", "*ûgeʾônô*": "noun with possessive suffix and waw-consecutive, masculine singular - and his pride", "*wegaʾawātô*": "noun with possessive suffix and waw-consecutive, feminine singular - and his arrogance", "*werum*": "noun with waw-consecutive, masculine singular - and haughtiness of", "*libbô*": "noun with possessive suffix, masculine singular - his heart" }, "variants": { "*šāmaʿnû*": "we have heard/we heard", "*geʾôn*": "pride/majesty/excellence", "*gēʾeh*": "proud/lofty/exalted", "*gābhô*": "his height/loftiness/exaltation", "*geʾônô*": "his pride/majesty/excellence", "*gaʾawātô*": "his arrogance/haughtiness/exaltation", "*rum*": "haughtiness/height/exaltation", "*libbô*": "his heart/mind/inner self" } } 30 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.48.30", "source": "אֲנִ֤י יָדַ֙עְתִּי֙ נְאֻם־יְהוָ֔ה עֶבְרָת֖וֹ וְלֹא־כֵ֑ן בַּדָּ֖יו לֹא־כֵ֥ן עָשֽׂוּ׃", "text": "I *yādaʿtî* *neʾum-YHWH* *ʿebrātô* and not so *baddāyw* not so *ʿāśû*", "grammar": { "*yādaʿtî*": "perfect, 1st singular - I know/have known", "*neʾum-YHWH*": "construct chain - declaration of YHWH", "*ʿebrātô*": "noun with possessive suffix, feminine singular - his wrath", "*baddāyw*": "noun with possessive suffix, masculine plural - his boasts/empty talk", "*ʿāśû*": "perfect, 3rd common plural - they have done" }, "variants": { "*yādaʿtî*": "I know/have known/am acquainted with", "*neʾum*": "declaration/utterance/oracle", "*ʿebrātô*": "his wrath/fury/arrogance", "*baddāyw*": "his empty talk/boasts/idle talk/lies", "*ʿāśû*": "they have done/performed/accomplished" } } 31 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.48.31", "source": "עַל־כֵּן֙ עַל־מוֹאָ֣ב אֲיֵלִ֔יל וּלְמוֹאָ֥ב כֻּלֹּ֖ה אֶזְעָ֑ק אֶל־אַנְשֵׁ֥י קִֽיר־חֶ֖רֶשׂ יֶהְגֶּֽה׃", "text": "Therefore for *mōʾāb* *ʾayēlîl* and for *mōʾāb* all of it *ʾezʿāq* to *ʾanšê* *qîr-ḥereś* *yehgeh*", "grammar": { "*mōʾāb*": "proper noun - Moab", "*ʾayēlîl*": "hiphil imperfect, 1st singular - I will wail/howl", "*mōʾāb*": "proper noun - Moab", "*ʾezʿāq*": "qal imperfect, 1st singular - I will cry out", "*ʾanšê*": "noun, masculine plural, construct - men of", "*qîr-ḥereś*": "compound proper noun - Kir-heres (city)", "*yehgeh*": "qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - he moans/mutters/groans" }, "variants": { "*ʾayēlîl*": "I will wail/howl/lament", "*ʾezʿāq*": "I will cry out/shriek/call", "*ʾanšê*": "men/people/inhabitants", "*yehgeh*": "he moans/mutters/groans/meditates" } } 32 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.48.32", "source": "מִבְּכִ֨י יַעְזֵ֤ר אֶבְכֶּה־לָּךְ֙ הַגֶּ֣פֶן שִׂבְמָ֔ה נְטִֽישֹׁתַ֙יִךְ֙ עָ֣בְרוּ יָ֔ם עַ֛ד יָ֥ם יַעְזֵ֖ר נָגָ֑עוּ עַל־קֵיצֵ֥ךְ וְעַל־בְּצִירֵ֖ךְ שֹׁדֵ֥ד נָפָֽל׃", "text": "With *bekî* *yaʿzēr* *ʾebkeh-lāk* the *hagepen* *śibmâ* *neṭîšōtayik* *ʿābrû* *yām* unto *yām* *yaʿzēr* *nāgāʿû* upon *qêṣēk* and upon *beṣîrēk* *šōdēd* *nāpāl*", "grammar": { "*bekî*": "noun, masculine singular, construct - weeping of", "*yaʿzēr*": "proper noun - Jazer (city)", "*ʾebkeh-lāk*": "imperfect with suffix, 1st singular - I will weep for you", "*hagepen*": "noun with definite article, feminine singular - the vine", "*śibmâ*": "proper noun - Sibmah (city)", "*neṭîšōtayik*": "noun with possessive suffix, feminine plural - your shoots/tendrils", "*ʿābrû*": "perfect, 3rd common plural - they crossed over", "*yām*": "noun, masculine singular - sea", "*yām*": "noun, masculine singular - sea", "*yaʿzēr*": "proper noun - Jazer (city)", "*nāgāʿû*": "perfect, 3rd common plural - they reached/touched", "*qêṣēk*": "noun with possessive suffix, masculine singular - your summer fruit", "*beṣîrēk*": "noun with possessive suffix, masculine singular - your grape harvest", "*šōdēd*": "participle, masculine singular - destroyer/spoiler", "*nāpāl*": "perfect, 3rd masculine singular - he has fallen/come" }, "variants": { "*bekî*": "weeping/crying", "*ʾebkeh*": "I will weep/cry/mourn", "*gepen*": "vine/vineyard", "*neṭîšōtayik*": "your shoots/tendrils/branches", "*ʿābrû*": "crossed over/passed through/spread", "*yām*": "sea/large body of water", "*nāgāʿû*": "reached/touched/extended to", "*qêṣēk*": "your summer fruit/harvest", "*beṣîrēk*": "your grape harvest/vintage", "*šōdēd*": "destroyer/spoiler/ravager", "*nāpāl*": "has fallen/come/descended upon" } } 33 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.48.33", "source": "וְנֶאֶסְפָ֨ה שִׂמְחָ֥ה וָגִ֛יל מִכַּרְמֶ֖ל וּמֵאֶ֣רֶץ מוֹאָ֑ב וְיַ֙יִן֙ מִיקָבִ֣ים הִשְׁבַּ֔תִּי לֹֽא־יִדְרֹ֣ךְ הֵידָ֔ד הֵידָ֖ד לֹ֥א הֵידָֽד׃", "text": "And *neʾespâ* *śimḥâ* and *wāgîl* from *karmel* and from *ʾereṣ* *mōʾāb* and *yayin* from *mîqābîm* *hišbattî* not *yidrōk* *hêdād* *hêdād* not *hêdād*", "grammar": { "*neʾespâ*": "niphal perfect, 3rd feminine singular - is gathered/taken away", "*śimḥâ*": "noun, feminine singular - joy/gladness", "*wāgîl*": "noun with waw-consecutive, masculine singular - and rejoicing", "*karmel*": "noun, masculine singular - fruitful field/plantation", "*ʾereṣ*": "noun, feminine singular, construct - land of", "*mōʾāb*": "proper noun - Moab", "*yayin*": "noun, masculine singular - wine", "*mîqābîm*": "noun, masculine plural - from wine-presses", "*hišbattî*": "hiphil perfect, 1st singular - I have caused to cease", "*yidrōk*": "qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - he treads", "*hêdād*": "interjection - shout of joy (during treading)" }, "variants": { "*neʾespâ*": "is gathered/taken away/removed", "*śimḥâ*": "joy/gladness/mirth", "*gîl*": "rejoicing/joy/gladness", "*karmel*": "fruitful field/plantation/orchard", "*ʾereṣ*": "land/country/territory", "*yayin*": "wine/fermented drink", "*mîqābîm*": "wine-presses/vats", "*hišbattî*": "I have caused to cease/made to stop", "*yidrōk*": "he treads/presses/tramples", "*hêdād*": "shout of joy/vintage cry (during wine treading)" } } 34 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.48.34", "source": "מִזַּעֲקַ֨ת חֶשְׁבּ֜וֹן עַד־אֶלְעָלֵ֗ה עַד־יַ֙הַץ֙ נָתְנ֣וּ קוֹלָ֔ם מִצֹּ֙עַר֙ עַד־חֹ֣רֹנַ֔יִם עֶגְלַ֖ת שְׁלִֽשִׁיָּ֑ה כִּ֚י גַּם־מֵ֣י נִמְרִ֔ים לִמְשַׁמּ֖וֹת יִהְיֽוּ׃", "text": "From *zaʿaqat* *ḥešbôn* unto *ʾelʿālēh* unto *yahaṣ* *nātnû* *qôlām* from *ṣōʿar* unto *ḥōrōnayim* *ʿeglat* *šelišîyâ* because also *mê* *nimrîm* to *mešammôt* *yihyû*", "grammar": { "*zaʿaqat*": "noun, feminine singular, construct - cry of", "*ḥešbôn*": "proper noun - Heshbon (city)", "*ʾelʿālēh*": "proper noun - Elealeh (city)", "*yahaṣ*": "proper noun - Jahaz (city)", "*nātnû*": "perfect, 3rd common plural - they have given", "*qôlām*": "noun with possessive suffix, masculine singular - their voice", "*ṣōʿar*": "proper noun - Zoar (city)", "*ḥōrōnayim*": "proper noun - Horonaim (city)", "*ʿeglat*": "noun, feminine singular, construct - heifer of", "*šelišîyâ*": "adjective, feminine singular - three year old", "*mê*": "noun, masculine plural, construct - waters of", "*nimrîm*": "proper noun - Nimrim", "*mešammôt*": "noun, feminine plural - desolations", "*yihyû*": "qal imperfect, 3rd masculine plural - they will be" }, "variants": { "*zaʿaqat*": "cry/outcry/scream", "*nātnû*": "they have given/uttered/raised", "*qôlām*": "their voice/sound", "*ʿeglat šelišîyâ*": "heifer of three years old/third heifer", "*mê*": "waters/streams", "*mešammôt*": "desolations/wastes/ruins", "*yihyû*": "they will be/become/exist" } } 35 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.48.35", "source": "וְהִשְׁבַּתִּ֥י לְמוֹאָ֖ב נְאֻם־יְהוָ֑ה מַעֲלֶ֣ה בָמָ֔ה וּמַקְטִ֖יר לֵאלֹהָֽיו׃", "text": "And *hišbattî* for *mōʾāb* *neʾum-YHWH* *maʿaleh* *bāmâ* and *maqṭîr* to *ʾelōhāyw*", "grammar": { "*hišbattî*": "hiphil perfect, 1st singular - I will cause to cease", "*mōʾāb*": "proper noun - Moab", "*neʾum-YHWH*": "construct chain - declaration of YHWH", "*maʿaleh*": "hiphil participle, masculine singular - one who offers up", "*bāmâ*": "noun, feminine singular - high place/altar", "*maqṭîr*": "hiphil participle, masculine singular - one who burns incense", "*ʾelōhāyw*": "noun with possessive suffix, masculine plural - his gods" }, "variants": { "*hišbattî*": "I will cause to cease/make to stop/put an end to", "*neʾum*": "declaration/utterance/oracle", "*maʿaleh*": "one who offers up/brings up/sacrifices at", "*bāmâ*": "high place/altar/shrine", "*maqṭîr*": "one who burns incense/offers sacrifice", "*ʾelōhāyw*": "his gods/deities" } } 36 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.48.36", "source": "עַל־כֵּ֞ן לִבִּ֤י לְמוֹאָב֙ כַּחֲלִלִ֣ים יֶהֱמֶ֔ה וְלִבִּי֙ אֶל־אַנְשֵׁ֣י קִֽיר־חֶ֔רֶשׂ כַּחֲלִילִ֖ים יֶהֱמֶ֑ה עַל־כֵּ֛ן יִתְרַ֥ת עָשָׂ֖ה אָבָֽדוּ׃", "text": "Therefore *libbî* for *mōʾāb* like *ḥalilîm* *yehĕmeh* and *libbî* to *ʾanšê* *qîr-ḥereś* like *ḥalîlîm* *yehĕmeh* therefore *yitrat* *ʿāśâ* *ʾābādû*", "grammar": { "*libbî*": "noun with possessive suffix, masculine singular - my heart", "*mōʾāb*": "proper noun - Moab", "*ḥalilîm*": "noun, masculine plural - flutes/pipes", "*yehĕmeh*": "qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - it moans/sounds", "*libbî*": "noun with possessive suffix, masculine singular - my heart", "*ʾanšê*": "noun, masculine plural, construct - men of", "*qîr-ḥereś*": "compound proper noun - Kir-heres (city)", "*ḥalîlîm*": "noun, masculine plural - flutes/pipes", "*yehĕmeh*": "qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - it moans/sounds", "*yitrat*": "noun, feminine singular, construct - abundance of", "*ʿāśâ*": "perfect, 3rd masculine singular - he made/acquired", "*ʾābādû*": "qal perfect, 3rd common plural - they have perished" }, "variants": { "*libbî*": "my heart/inner self/mind", "*ḥalilîm*": "flutes/pipes/wind instruments", "*yehĕmeh*": "moans/sounds/groans/wails", "*ʾanšê*": "men/people/inhabitants", "*yitrat*": "abundance/excess/surplus", "*ʿāśâ*": "he made/acquired/gained", "*ʾābādû*": "they have perished/been destroyed/lost" } } 37 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.48.37", "source": "כִּ֤י כָל־רֹאשׁ֙ קָרְחָ֔ה וְכָל־זָקָ֖ן גְּרֻעָ֑ה עַ֤ל כָּל־יָדַ֙יִם֙ גְּדֻדֹ֔ת וְעַל־מָתְנַ֖יִם שָֽׂק׃", "text": "Because every *rōʾš* *qorḥâ* and every *zāqān* *geruʿâ* upon all *yādayim* *gedudōt* and upon *motnayim* *śāq*", "grammar": { "*rōʾš*": "noun, masculine singular - head", "*qorḥâ*": "noun, feminine singular - baldness", "*zāqān*": "noun, masculine singular - beard", "*geruʿâ*": "qal passive participle, feminine singular - cut off/clipped", "*yādayim*": "noun, feminine dual - hands", "*gedudōt*": "qal passive participle, feminine plural - cut/gashed", "*motnayim*": "noun, masculine dual - loins/waist", "*śāq*": "noun, masculine singular - sackcloth" }, "variants": { "*rōʾš*": "head/top/chief", "*qorḥâ*": "baldness/bald spot", "*zāqān*": "beard/chin", "*geruʿâ*": "cut off/clipped/diminished", "*yādayim*": "hands/arms", "*gedudōt*": "cut/gashed/with incisions", "*motnayim*": "loins/waist/hips", "*śāq*": "sackcloth/mourning garment" } } 38 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.48.38", "source": "עַ֣ל כָּל־גַּגּ֥וֹת מוֹאָ֛ב וּבִרְחֹבֹתֶ֖יהָ כֻּלֹּ֣ה מִסְפֵּ֑ד כִּֽי־שָׁבַ֣רְתִּי אֶת־מוֹאָ֗ב כִּכְלִ֛י אֵֽין־חֵ֥פֶץ בּ֖וֹ נְאֻם־יְהוָֽה׃", "text": "Upon all *gaggôt* *mōʾāb* and in *birḥōbōteyhā* all of it *mispēd* because *šābartî* *ʾet-mōʾāb* like *kelî* *ʾên-ḥēpeṣ* in it *neʾum-YHWH*", "grammar": { "*gaggôt*": "noun, masculine plural, construct - roofs of", "*mōʾāb*": "proper noun - Moab", "*birḥōbōteyhā*": "noun with possessive suffix and prefix, feminine plural - in its streets", "*mispēd*": "noun, masculine singular - lamentation/wailing", "*šābartî*": "perfect, 1st singular - I have broken", "*ʾet-mōʾāb*": "direct object marker with proper noun - Moab", "*kelî*": "noun, masculine singular - vessel/implement", "*ʾên-ḥēpeṣ*": "construct chain - no delight/pleasure", "*neʾum-YHWH*": "construct chain - declaration of YHWH" }, "variants": { "*gaggôt*": "roofs/housetops", "*birḥōbōteyhā*": "in its streets/squares/open places", "*mispēd*": "lamentation/wailing/mourning", "*šābartî*": "I have broken/shattered/smashed", "*kelî*": "vessel/implement/utensil", "*ʾên-ḥēpeṣ*": "no delight/no pleasure/not desired", "*neʾum*": "declaration/utterance/oracle" } } 39 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.48.39", "source": "אֵ֥יךְ חַ֙תָּה֙ הֵילִ֔ילוּ אֵ֛יךְ הִפְנָה־עֹ֥רֶף מוֹאָ֖ב בּ֑וֹשׁ וְהָיָ֥ה מוֹאָ֛ב לִשְׂחֹ֥ק וְלִמְחִתָּ֖ה לְכָל־סְבִיבָֽיו׃ ס", "text": "How *ḥattāh* *hēylîlû*! How *hiphənāh-ʿōreph* *Môʾāb* *bôsh*! *wə-hāyāh* *Môʾāb* for *śəḥōq* and for *məḥittāh* to all *səbîbāyw*.", "grammar": { "*ḥattāh*": "3rd person feminine singular perfect - is broken/shattered/dismayed", "*hēylîlû*": "imperative plural - wail/howl", "*hiphənāh-ʿōreph*": "3rd person singular Hiphil perfect with noun - has turned (the) neck/back", "*Môʾāb*": "proper noun - Moab", "*bôsh*": "3rd person masculine singular perfect - is ashamed/put to shame", "*wə-hāyāh*": "conjunction with 3rd person masculine singular perfect - and has become", "*śəḥōq*": "masculine singular noun - derision/laughter/mockery", "*məḥittāh*": "feminine singular noun - terror/dismay/ruin", "*səbîbāyw*": "masculine plural noun with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - its surroundings/neighbors" }, "variants": { "*ḥattāh*": "is broken/is shattered/is dismayed/is terrified", "*hēylîlû*": "wail/howl/lament", "*hiphənāh-ʿōreph*": "turned the back/fled/retreated", "*bôsh*": "is ashamed/is disgraced/is humiliated", "*məḥittāh*": "terror/dismay/ruin/object of horror" } } 40 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.48.40", "source": "כִּי־כֹה֙ אָמַ֣ר יְהוָ֔ה הִנֵּ֥ה כַנֶּ֖שֶׁר יִדְאֶ֑ה וּפָרַ֥שׂ כְּנָפָ֖יו אֶל־מוֹאָֽב׃", "text": "For thus *ʾāmar* *YHWH*, *hinnēh* like *hannesher* *yidʾeh* and *pāraś* *kənāphāyw* against *Môʾāb*.", "grammar": { "*ʾāmar*": "3rd person masculine singular perfect - has said/spoken", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - LORD/Yahweh", "*hinnēh*": "demonstrative particle - behold/look", "*hannesher*": "definite article with masculine singular noun - the eagle/vulture", "*yidʾeh*": "3rd person masculine singular Qal imperfect - he will swoop/fly", "*pāraś*": "3rd person masculine singular Qal perfect with waw consecutive - and he will spread out", "*kənāphāyw*": "feminine dual noun with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his wings", "*Môʾāb*": "proper noun - Moab" }, "variants": { "*hannesher*": "eagle/vulture/large bird of prey", "*yidʾeh*": "will swoop down/will soar/will fly", "*pāraś*": "spread out/stretch out/extend" } } 41 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.48.41", "source": "נִלְכְּדָה֙ הַקְּרִיּ֔וֹת וְהַמְּצָד֖וֹת נִתְפָּ֑שָׂה וְֽ֠הָיָה לֵ֞ב גִּבּוֹרֵ֤י מוֹאָב֙ בַּיּ֣וֹם הַה֔וּא כְּלֵ֖ב אִשָּׁ֥ה מְצֵרָֽה׃", "text": "*nilkədāh* *haqqəriyyôt* and *hamməṣādôt* *nitpāśāh* and *wəhāyāh* *lēb* *gibbôrêy* *Môʾāb* in *hayyôm* *hahûʾ* like *lēb* *ʾiššāh* *məṣērāh*.", "grammar": { "*nilkədāh*": "3rd person feminine singular Niphal perfect - is captured/seized", "*haqqəriyyôt*": "definite article with feminine plural noun - the cities/towns", "*hamməṣādôt*": "definite article with feminine plural noun - the strongholds/fortresses", "*nitpāśāh*": "3rd person feminine singular Niphal perfect - is seized/captured", "*wəhāyāh*": "conjunction with 3rd person masculine singular perfect - and has become", "*lēb*": "masculine singular construct - heart of", "*gibbôrêy*": "masculine plural construct - mighty men/warriors of", "*Môʾāb*": "proper noun - Moab", "*hayyôm*": "definite article with masculine singular noun - the day", "*hahûʾ*": "definite article with demonstrative pronoun - that", "*ʾiššāh*": "feminine singular noun - woman", "*məṣērāh*": "feminine singular Piel participle - in labor/distress" }, "variants": { "*haqqəriyyôt*": "the cities/the towns/possibly specific place name Kerioth", "*hamməṣādôt*": "the strongholds/the fortresses/the fortifications", "*nitpāśāh*": "is seized/is captured/is taken", "*gibbôrêy*": "mighty men/warriors/heroes", "*məṣērāh*": "in labor/in childbirth pain/in distress" } } 42 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.48.42", "source": "וְנִשְׁמַ֥ד מוֹאָ֖ב מֵעָ֑ם כִּ֥י עַל־יְהוָ֖ה הִגְדִּֽיל׃", "text": "And *nishəmad* *Môʾāb* from *ʿām* because against *YHWH* *higədîl*.", "grammar": { "*nishəmad*": "3rd person masculine singular Niphal perfect - is destroyed/exterminated", "*Môʾāb*": "proper noun - Moab", "*ʿām*": "masculine singular noun - people/nation", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - LORD/Yahweh", "*higədîl*": "3rd person masculine singular Hiphil perfect - he magnified/boasted" }, "variants": { "*nishəmad*": "is destroyed/is annihilated/ceases to exist as", "*ʿām*": "people/nation/populated place", "*higədîl*": "magnified himself/boasted/exalted himself" } } 43 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.48.43", "source": "פַּ֥חַד וָפַ֖חַת וָפָ֑ח עָלֶ֛יךָ יוֹשֵׁ֥ב מוֹאָ֖ב נְאֻם־יְהוָֽה׃", "text": "*paḥad* and *pāḥat* and *pāḥ* upon you *yôshēb* *Môʾāb* *nəʾum-YHWH*.", "grammar": { "*paḥad*": "masculine singular noun - terror/dread", "*pāḥat*": "feminine singular noun - pit/trap", "*pāḥ*": "masculine singular noun - snare/trap", "*yôshēb*": "masculine singular Qal participle construct - inhabitant/dweller of", "*Môʾāb*": "proper noun - Moab", "*nəʾum-YHWH*": "construct phrase - declaration of YHWH" }, "variants": { "*paḥad*": "terror/dread/panic", "*pāḥat*": "pit/hole/trap", "*pāḥ*": "snare/trap/bird net", "*yôshēb*": "inhabitant/dweller/resident", "*nəʾum-YHWH*": "declaration of YHWH/utterance of the LORD/oracle of YHWH" } } 44 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.48.44", "source": "*הניס **הַנָּ֞ס מִפְּנֵ֤י הַפַּ֙חַד֙ יִפֹּ֣ל אֶל־הַפַּ֔חַת וְהָֽעֹלֶה֙ מִן־הַפַּ֔חַת יִלָּכֵ֖ד בַּפָּ֑ח כִּֽי־אָבִ֨יא אֵלֶ֧יהָ אֶל־מוֹאָ֛ב שְׁנַ֥ת פְּקֻדָּתָ֖ם נְאֻם־יְהוָֽה׃", "text": "*hannās* from *pənêy* *happaḥad* *yippōl* into *happaḥat* and *hāʿōleh* from *happaḥat* *yillākēd* in *happāḥ* because *ʾābîʾ* to her, to *Môʾāb*, *shənat* *pəquddātām* *nəʾum-YHWH*.", "grammar": { "*hannās*": "definite article with masculine singular Qal participle - the one fleeing", "*pənêy*": "masculine plural construct - face of", "*happaḥad*": "definite article with masculine singular noun - the terror/dread", "*yippōl*": "3rd person masculine singular Qal imperfect - he will fall", "*happaḥat*": "definite article with feminine singular noun - the pit", "*hāʿōleh*": "definite article with masculine singular Qal participle - the one coming up", "*yillākēd*": "3rd person masculine singular Niphal imperfect - he will be caught", "*happāḥ*": "definite article with masculine singular noun - the snare/trap", "*ʾābîʾ*": "1st person singular Hiphil imperfect - I will bring", "*Môʾāb*": "proper noun - Moab", "*shənat*": "feminine singular construct - year of", "*pəquddātām*": "feminine singular noun with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - their visitation/punishment", "*nəʾum-YHWH*": "construct phrase - declaration of YHWH" }, "variants": { "*hannās*": "the one fleeing/the fugitive/the escapee", "*pənêy*": "face of/presence of/from before", "*happaḥad*": "the terror/the dread/the panic", "*happaḥat*": "the pit/the trap/the hole", "*hāʿōleh*": "the one coming up/the one climbing out/the one escaping", "*yillākēd*": "will be caught/will be trapped/will be captured", "*happāḥ*": "the snare/the trap/the net", "*pəquddātām*": "their visitation/their punishment/their judgment" } } 45 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.48.45", "source": "בְּצֵ֥ל חֶשְׁבּ֛וֹן עָמְד֖וּ מִכֹּ֣חַ נָסִ֑ים כִּֽי־אֵ֞שׁ יָצָ֣א מֵחֶשְׁבּ֗וֹן וְלֶֽהָבָה֙ מִבֵּ֣ין סִיח֔וֹן וַתֹּ֙אכַל֙ פְּאַ֣ת מוֹאָ֔ב וְקָדְקֹ֖ד בְּנֵ֥י שָׁאֽוֹן׃", "text": "In *ṣēl* *Ḥeshbôn* *ʿāmədû* without *kōaḥ* *nāsîm* because *ʾēsh* *yāṣāʾ* from *Ḥeshbôn* and *lehābāh* from between *Sîḥôn* and *tōʾkal* *pəʾat* *Môʾāb* and *qodqōd* *bənêy* *shāʾôn*.", "grammar": { "*ṣēl*": "masculine singular construct - shadow of", "*Ḥeshbôn*": "proper noun - Heshbon", "*ʿāmədû*": "3rd person plural Qal perfect - they stood", "*kōaḥ*": "masculine singular noun - strength/power", "*nāsîm*": "masculine plural Qal participle - fleeing ones", "*ʾēsh*": "feminine singular noun - fire", "*yāṣāʾ*": "3rd person masculine singular Qal perfect - went out/came forth", "*lehābāh*": "feminine singular noun - flame", "*Sîḥôn*": "proper noun - Sihon", "*tōʾkal*": "3rd person feminine singular Qal imperfect with waw consecutive - and it devours", "*pəʾat*": "feminine singular construct - corner/edge/side of", "*Môʾāb*": "proper noun - Moab", "*qodqōd*": "masculine singular construct - crown of head of", "*bənêy*": "masculine plural construct - sons of", "*shāʾôn*": "masculine singular noun - tumult/noise" }, "variants": { "*ṣēl*": "shadow/shade/shelter", "*ʿāmədû*": "they stood/they halted/they stopped", "*kōaḥ*": "strength/power/ability", "*nāsîm*": "fleeing ones/fugitives/refugees", "*lehābāh*": "flame/blaze", "*tōʾkal*": "devours/consumes/eats", "*pəʾat*": "corner/edge/side/border", "*qodqōd*": "crown of head/scalp", "*bənêy*": "sons of/children of", "*shāʾôn*": "tumult/noise/uproar/possibly 'pride' or place name" } } 46 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.48.46", "source": "אוֹי־לְךָ֣ מוֹאָ֔ב אָבַ֖ד עַם־כְּמ֑וֹשׁ כִּֽי־לֻקְּח֤וּ בָנֶ֙יךָ֙ בַּשֶּׁ֔בִי וּבְנֹתֶ֖יךָ בַּשִּׁבְיָֽה׃", "text": "Woe to you *Môʾāb*! *ʾābad* *ʿam-Kəmôsh* because *luqqəḥû* *bāneykā* in *haššebî* and *bənôteykā* in *haššibyāh*.", "grammar": { "*Môʾāb*": "proper noun - Moab", "*ʾābad*": "3rd person masculine singular Qal perfect - is perished/destroyed", "*ʿam-Kəmôsh*": "construct phrase - people of Chemosh", "*luqqəḥû*": "3rd person plural Pual perfect - they are taken", "*bāneykā*": "masculine plural noun with 2nd person masculine singular suffix - your sons", "*haššebî*": "definite article with masculine singular noun - the captivity", "*bənôteykā*": "feminine plural noun with 2nd person masculine singular suffix - your daughters", "*haššibyāh*": "definite article with feminine singular noun - the captivity" }, "variants": { "*ʾābad*": "is perished/is destroyed/is ruined", "*ʿam-Kəmôsh*": "people of Chemosh/nation of Chemosh", "*luqqəḥû*": "are taken/are captured/are carried away", "*haššebî*": "the captivity/the exile", "*haššibyāh*": "the captivity/the exile/feminine form emphasizing female captives" } } 47 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.48.47", "source": "וְשַׁבְתִּ֧י שְׁבוּת־מוֹאָ֛ב בְּאַחֲרִ֥ית הַיָּמִ֖ים נְאֻם־יְהוָ֑ה עַד־הֵ֖נָּה מִשְׁפַּ֥ט מוֹאָֽב׃ ס", "text": "And *wəshabtî* *shəbût-Môʾāb* in *ʾaḥărît* *hayyāmîm* *nəʾum-YHWH*. Until here *mishpaṭ* *Môʾāb*.", "grammar": { "*wəshabtî*": "conjunction with 1st person singular Qal perfect - and I will restore", "*shəbût-Môʾāb*": "feminine singular construct with proper noun - captivity of Moab", "*ʾaḥărît*": "feminine singular construct - end of/latter part of", "*hayyāmîm*": "definite article with masculine plural noun - the days", "*nəʾum-YHWH*": "construct phrase - declaration of YHWH", "*mishpaṭ*": "masculine singular construct - judgment of", "*Môʾāb*": "proper noun - Moab" }, "variants": { "*wəshabtî*": "I will restore/I will return/I will bring back", "*shəbût-Môʾāb*": "captivity of Moab/fortunes of Moab", "*ʾaḥărît*": "end/latter part/future", "*hayyāmîm*": "the days/latter days/end times", "*mishpaṭ*": "judgment/justice/verdict" } } 1 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.49.1", "source": "לִבְנֵ֣י עַמּ֗וֹן כֹּ֚ה אָמַ֣ר יְהוָ֔ה הֲבָנִ֥ים אֵין֙ לְיִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל אִם־יוֹרֵ֖שׁ אֵ֣ין ל֑וֹ מַדּ֗וּעַ יָרַ֤שׁ מַלְכָּם֙ אֶת־גָּ֔ד וְעַמּ֖וֹ בְּעָרָ֥יו יָשָֽׁב׃", "text": "Concerning *bənê* *ʿammôn* thus *ʾāmar* *YHWH*, are there *bānîm* not to *yiśrāʾēl*, if *yôrēš* not to him? *Maddûaʿ* *yāraš* *malkām* *ʾet*-*gād* *wə*-*ʿammô* in *ʿārāyw* *yāšāb*?", "grammar": { "*bənê*": "construct state, masculine, plural - sons/children of", "*ʿammôn*": "proper noun, refers to the Ammonites, descendants of Lot", "*ʾāmar*": "perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - said/spoke", "*YHWH*": "proper noun, divine name", "*bānîm*": "masculine plural noun - sons/children/descendants", "*yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel", "*yôrēš*": "active participle, masculine singular - heir/inheritor", "*maddûaʿ*": "interrogative adverb - why/for what reason", "*yāraš*": "perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - inherited/possessed/dispossessed", "*malkām*": "noun + possessive suffix, 'their king' or possibly 'Milcom/Molech' (Ammonite deity)", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*gād*": "proper noun - Gad (Israelite tribe)", "*wə*": "conjunction - and", "*ʿammô*": "noun + 3ms possessive suffix - his people", "*ʿārāyw*": "noun + 3ms possessive suffix - his/its cities", "*yāšāb*": "perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - dwelt/settled/inhabited" }, "variants": { "*malkām*": "their king/Milcom (Ammonite deity)", "*yāraš*": "inherited/possessed/dispossessed/took possession of", "*yôrēš*": "heir/inheritor/one who takes possession" } } 2 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.49.2", "source": "לָכֵ֡ן הִנֵּה֩ יָמִ֨ים בָּאִ֜ים נְאֻם־יְהוָ֗ה וְ֠הִשְׁמַעְתִּי אֶל־רַבַּ֨ת בְּנֵי־עַמּ֜וֹן תְּרוּעַ֣ת מִלְחָמָ֗ה וְהָֽיְתָה֙ לְתֵ֣ל שְׁמָמָ֔ה וּבְנֹתֶ֖יהָ בָּאֵ֣שׁ תִּצַּ֑תְנָה וְיָרַ֧שׁ יִשְׂרָאֵ֛ל אֶת־יֹרְשָׁ֖יו אָמַ֥ר יְהוָֽה׃", "text": "Therefore *hinnēh* *yāmîm* *bāʾîm* *nəʾum*-*YHWH*, *wə*-*hišmaʿtî* to-*rabbat* *bənê*-*ʿammôn* *tərûʿat* *milḥāmāh*, *wə*-*hāyətāh* for-*tēl* *šəmāmāh*, *û*-*bənôtêhā* in-*ʾēš* *tiṣṣatnāh*, *wə*-*yāraš* *yiśrāʾēl* *ʾet*-*yōrəšāyw* *ʾāmar* *YHWH*.", "grammar": { "*hinnēh*": "interjection - behold/look", "*yāmîm*": "masculine plural noun - days", "*bāʾîm*": "qal participle, masculine plural - coming", "*nəʾum*": "construct state - declaration/utterance of", "*YHWH*": "proper noun, divine name", "*wə*": "conjunction - and", "*hišmaʿtî*": "hiphil perfect, 1st person singular - I will cause to hear/sound", "*rabbat*": "construct state - capital city of", "*bənê*": "construct state, masculine plural - sons/children of", "*ʿammôn*": "proper noun - Ammon", "*tərûʿat*": "construct state - alarm/shout/battle cry of", "*milḥāmāh*": "feminine singular noun - war/battle", "*hāyətāh*": "qal perfect, 3rd person feminine singular - she will become", "*tēl*": "masculine singular noun - mound/ruin", "*šəmāmāh*": "feminine singular noun - desolation/waste", "*û*": "conjunction - and", "*bənôtêhā*": "feminine plural noun + 3fs suffix - her daughters/surrounding villages", "*ʾēš*": "feminine singular noun - fire", "*tiṣṣatnāh*": "niphal imperfect, 3rd person feminine plural - they will be set on fire", "*yāraš*": "qal perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - will possess/inherit", "*yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel", "*yōrəšāyw*": "qal participle, masculine plural + 3ms suffix - his dispossessors/those who took possession of him", "*ʾāmar*": "qal perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - says" }, "variants": { "*hinnēh*": "behold/look/see", "*yāraš*": "possess/inherit/dispossess", "*bənôtêhā*": "her daughters/surrounding villages/dependent towns", "*tēl*": "mound/heap/ruin" } } 3 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.49.3", "source": "הֵילִ֨ילִי חֶשְׁבּ֜וֹן כִּ֣י שֻׁדְּדָה־עַ֗י צְעַקְנָה֮ בְּנ֣וֹת רַבָּה֒ חֲגֹ֣רְנָה שַׂקִּ֔ים סְפֹ֕דְנָה וְהִתְשׁוֹטַ֖טְנָה בַּגְּדֵר֑וֹת כִּ֤י מַלְכָּם֙ בַּגּוֹלָ֣ה יֵלֵ֔ךְ כֹּהֲנָ֥יו וְשָׂרָ֖יו יַחְדָּֽיו׃", "text": "*hêlîlî* *ḥešbôn* because *šuddədāh*-*ʿay*, *ṣəʿaqnāh* *bənôt* *rabbāh*, *ḥăgōrnāh* *śaqqîm*, *səp̱ōdnāh* *wə*-*hitšôṭaṭnāh* in-*gədērôt*; because *malkām* into-*gôlāh* *yēlēk*, *kōhănāyw* *wə*-*śārāyw* *yaḥdāw*.", "grammar": { "*hêlîlî*": "hiphil imperative, feminine singular - wail/howl", "*ḥešbôn*": "proper noun - Heshbon (city)", "*šuddədāh*": "pual perfect, 3rd person feminine singular - has been devastated", "*ʿay*": "proper noun - Ai (city)", "*ṣəʿaqnāh*": "qal imperative, feminine plural - cry out", "*bənôt*": "feminine plural construct - daughters of", "*rabbāh*": "proper noun - Rabbah (capital city of Ammon)", "*ḥăgōrnāh*": "qal imperative, feminine plural - gird/put on", "*śaqqîm*": "masculine plural noun - sackcloth", "*səp̱ōdnāh*": "qal imperative, feminine plural - lament/mourn", "*wə*": "conjunction - and", "*hitšôṭaṭnāh*": "hithpael imperative, feminine plural - roam about/run to and fro", "*gədērôt*": "feminine plural noun + definite article - sheep pens/enclosures/fences", "*malkām*": "noun + possessive suffix, 'their king' or possibly 'Milcom/Molech' (Ammonite deity)", "*gôlāh*": "feminine singular noun with prefix - exile/captivity", "*yēlēk*": "qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - will go", "*kōhănāyw*": "masculine plural noun + 3ms suffix - his priests", "*śārāyw*": "masculine plural noun + 3ms suffix - his princes/officials", "*yaḥdāw*": "adverb - together" }, "variants": { "*malkām*": "their king/Milcom (Ammonite deity)", "*gədērôt*": "sheep pens/enclosures/fences", "*hitšôṭaṭnāh*": "roam about/run to and fro/wander aimlessly" } } 4 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.49.4", "source": "מַה־תִּתְהַֽלְלִי֙ בָּֽעֲמָקִ֔ים זָ֣ב עִמְקֵ֔ךְ הַבַּ֖ת הַשּֽׁוֹבֵבָ֑ה הַבֹּֽטְחָה֙ בְּאֹ֣צְרֹתֶ֔יהָ מִ֖י יָב֥וֹא אֵלָֽי׃", "text": "Why *tithallî* in-*ʿămāqîm*? *zāb* *ʿimqēk*, *ha*-*bat* *ha*-*šôbēbāh*, *ha*-*bōṭḥāh* in-*ʾôṣrôtêhā*, who *yābôʾ* to me?", "grammar": { "*tithallî*": "hithpael imperfect, 2nd person feminine singular - you boast/glory", "*ʿămāqîm*": "masculine plural noun + prefix - valleys", "*zāb*": "qal participle, masculine singular - flowing/abundant", "*ʿimqēk*": "masculine singular noun + 2fs suffix - your valley", "*ha*": "definite article - the", "*bat*": "feminine singular noun - daughter", "*šôbēbāh*": "feminine singular adjective - backsliding/rebellious", "*bōṭḥāh*": "qal participle, feminine singular - trusting", "*ʾôṣrôtêhā*": "feminine plural noun + 3fs suffix - her treasures", "*yābôʾ*": "qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - will come" }, "variants": { "*zāb*": "flowing/abundant/gushing", "*šôbēbāh*": "backsliding/rebellious/wayward", "*ʿămāqîm*": "valleys/low places" } } 5 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.49.5", "source": "הִנְנִי֩ מֵבִ֨יא עָלַ֜יִךְ פַּ֗חַד נְאֻם־אֲדֹנָ֧י יְהוִ֛ה צְבָא֖וֹת מִכָּל־סְבִיבָ֑יִךְ וְנִדַּחְתֶּם֙ אִ֣ישׁ לְפָנָ֔יו וְאֵ֥ין מְקַבֵּ֖ץ לַנֹּדֵֽד׃", "text": "*Hinənî* *mēbîʾ* upon you *paḥad*, *nəʾum*-*ʾădōnāy* *YHWH* *ṣəbāʾôt*, from all-*səbîbāyik*; *wə*-*niddaḥtem* *ʾîš* to-*pānāyw*, *wə*-*ʾên* *məqabbēṣ* for-*nōdēd*.", "grammar": { "*hinənî*": "particle + 1cs suffix - behold me/here I am", "*mēbîʾ*": "hiphil participle, masculine singular - bringing", "*paḥad*": "masculine singular noun - terror/dread", "*nəʾum*": "construct state - declaration of", "*ʾădōnāy*": "divine title - Lord/Master", "*YHWH*": "divine name", "*ṣəbāʾôt*": "feminine plural noun - hosts/armies", "*səbîbāyik*": "masculine plural noun + 2fs suffix - your surroundings", "*wə*": "conjunction - and", "*niddaḥtem*": "niphal perfect, 2nd person masculine plural - you will be driven away", "*ʾîš*": "masculine singular noun - each man/each one", "*pānāyw*": "masculine plural noun (with singular meaning) + 3ms suffix - his face/before him", "*ʾên*": "negative particle - there is not", "*məqabbēṣ*": "piel participle, masculine singular - one gathering/assembler", "*nōdēd*": "qal participle, masculine singular - wanderer/fugitive" }, "variants": { "*paḥad*": "terror/dread/fear", "*ṣəbāʾôt*": "hosts/armies", "*nōdēd*": "wanderer/fugitive/one who flees" } } 6 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.49.6", "source": "וְאַחֲרֵי־כֵ֗ן אָשִׁ֛יב אֶת־שְׁב֥וּת בְּנֵֽי־עַמּ֖וֹן נְאֻם־יְהוָֽה׃", "text": "*Wə*-*ʾaḥărê*-*kēn* *ʾāšîb* *ʾet*-*šəbût* *bənê*-*ʿammôn* *nəʾum*-*YHWH*.", "grammar": { "*wə*": "conjunction - and", "*ʾaḥărê*": "preposition - after", "*kēn*": "adverb - thus/so", "*ʾāšîb*": "hiphil imperfect, 1st person singular - I will restore/return", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*šəbût*": "feminine singular noun - captivity/fortune", "*bənê*": "masculine plural construct - sons/children of", "*ʿammôn*": "proper noun - Ammon", "*nəʾum*": "construct state - declaration of", "*YHWH*": "divine name" }, "variants": { "*šəbût*": "captivity/fortune/former state" } }
• Ezek 25:1-9 : 1 { "verseID": "Ezekiel.25.1", "source": "וַיְהִ֥י דְבַר־יְהוָ֖ה אֵלַ֥י לֵאמֹֽר׃", "text": "*wa-yəhî* *dəbar*-*YHWH* *ʾēlay* *lēʾmōr*", "grammar": { "*wa-yəhî*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and it happened/came", "*dəbar*": "construct state, masculine singular - word of", "*YHWH*": "proper noun, divine name - LORD/Yahweh", "*ʾēlay*": "preposition + 1st person singular suffix - to me", "*lēʾmōr*": "preposition + qal infinitive construct - saying/to say" }, "variants": { "*dəbar-YHWH*": "word of YHWH/message of the LORD/divine communication", "*lēʾmōr*": "saying/thus/as follows" } } 2 { "verseID": "Ezekiel.25.2", "source": "בֶּן־אָדָ֕ם שִׂ֥ים פָּנֶ֖יךָ אֶל־בְּנֵ֣י עַמּ֑וֹן וְהִנָּבֵ֖א עֲלֵיהֶֽם׃", "text": "*ben*-*ʾādām* *śîm* *pānêkā* *ʾel*-*bənê* *ʿammôn* *wə-hinnābēʾ* *ʿălêhem*", "grammar": { "*ben*-*ʾādām*": "construct phrase, vocative - son of man", "*śîm*": "qal imperative, masculine singular - set/place", "*pānêkā*": "noun common masculine plural construct + 2ms suffix - your face", "*ʾel*-*bənê*": "preposition + noun masculine plural construct - toward sons of", "*ʿammôn*": "proper noun - Ammon", "*wə-hinnābēʾ*": "waw conjunctive + niphal imperative, masculine singular - and prophesy", "*ʿălêhem*": "preposition + 3rd masculine plural suffix - against them" }, "variants": { "*ben*-*ʾādām*": "son of man/mortal human/prophet (as divine address)", "*śîm* *pānêkā*": "set your face/turn toward/direct your attention", "*bənê* *ʿammôn*": "sons of Ammon/Ammonites/people of Ammon" } } 3 { "verseID": "Ezekiel.25.3", "source": "וְאָֽמַרְתָּ֙ לִבְנֵ֣י עַמּ֔וֹן שִׁמְע֖וּ דְּבַר־אֲדֹנָ֣י יְהוִ֑ה כֹּה־אָמַ֣ר אֲדֹנָ֣י יְהוִ֡ה יַעַן֩ אָמְרֵ֨ךְ הֶאָ֜ח אֶל־מִקְדָּשִׁ֣י כִֽי־נִחָ֗ל וְאֶל־אַדְמַ֤ת יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ כִּ֣י נָשַׁ֔מָּה וְאֶל־בֵּ֣ית יְהוּדָ֔ה כִּ֥י הָלְכ֖וּ בַּגּוֹלָֽה׃", "text": "*wə-ʾāmartā* *libnê* *ʿammôn* *šimʿû* *dəbar*-*ʾădōnāy* *YHWH* *kōh*-*ʾāmar* *ʾădōnāy* *YHWH* *yaʿan* *ʾomrēk* *heʾāḥ* *ʾel*-*miqdāšî* *kî*-*niḥāl* *wə-ʾel*-*ʾadmat* *yiśrāʾēl* *kî* *nāšammâ* *wə-ʾel*-*bêt* *yəhûdâ* *kî* *hālkû* *baggôlâ*", "grammar": { "*wə-ʾāmartā*": "waw conjunctive + qal perfect, 2nd masculine singular - and you shall say", "*libnê*": "preposition + noun masculine plural construct - to the sons of", "*ʿammôn*": "proper noun - Ammon", "*šimʿû*": "qal imperative, masculine plural - hear/listen", "*dəbar*-*ʾădōnāy*": "construct - word of Lord", "*YHWH*": "divine name - LORD/Yahweh", "*kōh*-*ʾāmar*": "adverb + qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - thus says", "*ʾădōnāy* *YHWH*": "divine title + name - Lord YHWH/Sovereign LORD", "*yaʿan*": "conjunction - because", "*ʾomrēk*": "qal infinitive construct + 2nd feminine singular suffix - your saying", "*heʾāḥ*": "interjection - Aha!/Ha!", "*ʾel*-*miqdāšî*": "preposition + noun + 1st singular suffix - against my sanctuary", "*kî*-*niḥāl*": "conjunction + niphal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - because it was profaned", "*wə-ʾel*-*ʾadmat*": "waw conjunction + preposition + noun feminine construct - and against the land of", "*yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel", "*kî*": "conjunction - because/that", "*nāšammâ*": "niphal perfect, 3rd feminine singular - it was desolate", "*wə-ʾel*-*bêt*": "waw conjunction + preposition + noun masculine construct - and against the house of", "*yəhûdâ*": "proper noun - Judah", "*kî*": "conjunction - because/that", "*hālkû*": "qal perfect, 3rd common plural - they went", "*baggôlâ*": "preposition + definite article + noun feminine singular - into the exile" }, "variants": { "*heʾāḥ*": "expression of joy/gloating/triumph", "*miqdāšî*": "my sanctuary/my holy place/my temple", "*niḥāl*": "was profaned/was defiled/was desecrated", "*nāšammâ*": "was desolate/was laid waste/was ruined", "*baggôlâ*": "into exile/into captivity" } } 4 { "verseID": "Ezekiel.25.4", "source": "לָכֵ֡ן הִנְנִי֩ נֹתְנָ֨ךְ לִבְנֵי־קֶ֜דֶם לְמֽוֹרָשָׁ֗ה וְיִשְּׁב֤וּ טִירֽוֹתֵיהֶם֙ בָּ֔ךְ וְנָ֥תְנוּ בָ֖ךְ מִשְׁכְּנֵיהֶ֑ם הֵ֚מָּה יֹאכְל֣וּ פִרְיֵ֔ךְ וְהֵ֖מָּה יִשְׁתּ֥וּ חֲלָבֵֽךְ׃", "text": "*lākēn* *hinənî* *nōtənāk* *libnê*-*qedem* *ləmôrāšâ* *wə-yiššəbû* *ṭîrôtêhem* *bāk* *wə-nātnû* *bāk* *miškənêhem* *hēmmâ* *yōʾklû* *piryēk* *wə-hēmmâ* *yištû* *ḥălābēk*", "grammar": { "*lākēn*": "conjunction - therefore", "*hinənî*": "interjection + 1st common singular suffix - behold me/here I am", "*nōtənāk*": "qal participle masculine singular + 2nd feminine singular suffix - giving you", "*libnê*-*qedem*": "preposition + noun masculine plural construct + noun - to the sons of the east", "*ləmôrāšâ*": "preposition + noun feminine singular - for a possession", "*wə-yiššəbû*": "waw consecutive + qal perfect, 3rd masculine plural - and they will establish", "*ṭîrôtêhem*": "noun feminine plural construct + 3rd masculine plural suffix - their encampments", "*bāk*": "preposition + 2nd feminine singular suffix - in you", "*wə-nātnû*": "waw consecutive + qal perfect, 3rd masculine plural - and they will set", "*bāk*": "preposition + 2nd feminine singular suffix - in you", "*miškənêhem*": "noun masculine plural construct + 3rd masculine plural suffix - their dwellings", "*hēmmâ*": "pronoun, 3rd masculine plural - they", "*yōʾklû*": "qal imperfect, 3rd masculine plural - they will eat", "*piryēk*": "noun masculine singular construct + 2nd feminine singular suffix - your fruit", "*wə-hēmmâ*": "waw conjunction + pronoun, 3rd masculine plural - and they", "*yištû*": "qal imperfect, 3rd masculine plural - they will drink", "*ḥălābēk*": "noun masculine singular construct + 2nd feminine singular suffix - your milk" }, "variants": { "*bnê-qedem*": "sons of the east/people of the east/eastern tribes", "*ṭîrôtêhem*": "their encampments/their settlements/their fortified camps", "*miškənêhem*": "their dwellings/their tents/their habitations", "*piryēk*": "your fruit/your produce/your crops", "*ḥălābēk*": "your milk/your dairy products/your richness" } } 5 { "verseID": "Ezekiel.25.5", "source": "וְנָתַתִּ֤י אֶת־רַבָּה֙ לִנְוֵ֣ה גְמַלִּ֔ים וְאֶת־בְּנֵ֥י עַמּ֖וֹן לְמִרְבַּץ־צֹ֑אן וִֽידַעְתֶּ֖ם כִּֽי־אֲנִ֥י יְהוָֽה׃", "text": "*wə-nātattî* *ʾet*-*rabbâ* *linwēh* *gəmallîm* *wə-ʾet*-*bənê* *ʿammôn* *ləmirbaṣ*-*ṣōʾn* *wîdaʿtem* *kî*-*ʾănî* *YHWH*", "grammar": { "*wə-nātattî*": "waw consecutive + qal perfect, 1st common singular - and I will make", "*ʾet*-*rabbâ*": "direct object marker + proper noun - Rabbah", "*linwēh*": "preposition + noun masculine singular construct - for a pasture of", "*gəmallîm*": "noun masculine plural - camels", "*wə-ʾet*-*bənê*": "waw conjunction + direct object marker + noun masculine plural construct - and the sons of", "*ʿammôn*": "proper noun - Ammon", "*ləmirbaṣ*-*ṣōʾn*": "preposition + noun masculine singular construct + noun feminine singular - for a resting place of flocks", "*wîdaʿtem*": "waw consecutive + qal perfect, 2nd masculine plural - and you will know", "*kî*-*ʾănî*": "conjunction + personal pronoun, 1st common singular - that I am", "*YHWH*": "divine name - LORD/Yahweh" }, "variants": { "*rabbâ*": "Rabbah (capital city of Ammon)", "*nwēh* *gəmallîm*": "pasture of camels/dwelling place for camels", "*mirbaṣ*-*ṣōʾn*": "resting place for flocks/fold for sheep" } } 6 { "verseID": "Ezekiel.25.6", "source": "כִּ֣י כֹ֤ה אָמַר֙ אֲדֹנָ֣י יְהוִ֔ה יַ֚עַן מַחְאֲךָ֣ יָ֔ד וְרַקְעֲךָ֖ בְּרָ֑גֶל וַתִּשְׂמַ֤ח בְּכָל־שָֽׁאטְךָ֙ בְּנֶ֔פֶשׁ אֶל־אַדְמַ֖ת יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃", "text": "*kî* *kōh* *ʾāmar* *ʾădōnāy* *YHWH* *yaʿan* *maḥʾăkā* *yād* *wə-raqʿăkā* *bərāgel* *wa-tiśmaḥ* *bəkāl*-*šāʾṭəkā* *bənepeš* *ʾel*-*ʾadmat* *yiśrāʾēl*", "grammar": { "*kî*": "conjunction - for/because", "*kōh*": "adverb - thus", "*ʾāmar*": "qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - said", "*ʾădōnāy* *YHWH*": "divine title + name - Lord YHWH/Sovereign LORD", "*yaʿan*": "conjunction - because", "*maḥʾăkā*": "qal infinitive construct + 2nd masculine singular suffix - your clapping", "*yād*": "noun feminine singular - hand", "*wə-raqʿăkā*": "waw conjunction + qal infinitive construct + 2nd masculine singular suffix - and your stamping", "*bərāgel*": "preposition + noun feminine singular - with foot", "*wa-tiśmaḥ*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect, 2nd masculine singular - and you rejoiced", "*bəkāl*-*šāʾṭəkā*": "preposition + noun + noun masculine singular construct + 2nd masculine singular suffix - with all your contempt", "*bənepeš*": "preposition + noun feminine singular - in soul/with inner feeling", "*ʾel*-*ʾadmat*": "preposition + noun feminine construct - against the land of", "*yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel" }, "variants": { "*maḥʾăkā* *yād*": "your clapping of hand/your applauding/your gesture of joy", "*raqʿăkā* *bərāgel*": "your stamping with foot/your gestures of scorn", "*šāʾṭəkā* *bənepeš*": "your contempt in soul/your deep-seated disdain/your heartfelt scorn" } } 7 { "verseID": "Ezekiel.25.7", "source": "לָכֵ֡ן הִנְנִי֩ נָטִ֨יתִי אֶת־יָדִ֜י עָלֶ֗יךָ וּנְתַתִּ֤יךָֽ־לְבַז֙ לַגּוֹיִ֔ם וְהִכְרַתִּ֙יךָ֙ מִן־הָ֣עַמִּ֔ים וְהַאֲבַדְתִּ֖יךָ מִן־הָאֲרָצ֑וֹת אַשְׁמִ֣ידְךָ֔ וְיָדַעְתָּ֖ כִּֽי־אֲנִ֥י יְהוָֽה׃", "text": "*lākēn* *hinənî* *nāṭîtî* *ʾet*-*yādî* *ʿālêkā* *ûnətattîkā*-*ləbaz* *laggôyim* *wəhikrattîkā* *min*-*hāʿammîm* *wəhaʾăbadtîkā* *min*-*hāʾărāṣôt* *ʾašmîdəkā* *wəyādaʿtā* *kî*-*ʾănî* *YHWH*", "grammar": { "*lākēn*": "conjunction - therefore", "*hinənî*": "interjection + 1st common singular suffix - behold me/here I am", "*nāṭîtî*": "qal perfect, 1st common singular - I will stretch out", "*ʾet*-*yādî*": "direct object marker + noun feminine singular + 1st singular suffix - my hand", "*ʿālêkā*": "preposition + 2nd masculine singular suffix - against you", "*ûnətattîkā*": "waw conjunction + qal perfect, 1st common singular + 2nd masculine singular suffix - and I will give you", "*ləbaz*": "preposition + noun masculine singular - as spoil/plunder", "*laggôyim*": "preposition + definite article + noun masculine plural - to the nations", "*wəhikrattîkā*": "waw conjunction + hiphil perfect, 1st common singular + 2nd masculine singular suffix - and I will cut you off", "*min*-*hāʿammîm*": "preposition + definite article + noun masculine plural - from the peoples", "*wəhaʾăbadtîkā*": "waw conjunction + hiphil perfect, 1st common singular + 2nd masculine singular suffix - and I will destroy you", "*min*-*hāʾărāṣôt*": "preposition + definite article + noun feminine plural - from the lands", "*ʾašmîdəkā*": "hiphil imperfect, 1st common singular + 2nd masculine singular suffix - I will annihilate you", "*wəyādaʿtā*": "waw conjunction + qal perfect, 2nd masculine singular - and you will know", "*kî*-*ʾănî*": "conjunction + personal pronoun, 1st common singular - that I am", "*YHWH*": "divine name - LORD/Yahweh" }, "variants": { "*nāṭîtî* *ʾet*-*yādî*": "I stretch out my hand/I extend my power/I take action", "*ləbaz*": "plunder/spoil/prey", "*hikrattîkā*": "cut you off/eliminate you/remove you", "*haʾăbadtîkā*": "destroy you/cause you to perish/exterminate you", "*ʾašmîdəkā*": "annihilate you/exterminate you/wipe you out" } } 8 { "verseID": "Ezekiel.25.8", "source": "כֹּ֥ה אָמַ֖ר אֲדֹנָ֣י יְהוִ֑ה יַ֗עַן אֲמֹ֤ר מוֹאָב֙ וְשֵׂעִ֔יר הִנֵּ֥ה כְּכָֽל־הַגּוֹיִ֖ם בֵּ֥ית יְהוּדָֽה׃", "text": "*kōh* *ʾāmar* *ʾădōnāy* *YHWH* *yaʿan* *ʾămōr* *môʾāb* *wə-śēʿîr* *hinnēh* *kəkāl*-*haggôyim* *bêt* *yəhûdâ*", "grammar": { "*kōh*": "adverb - thus", "*ʾāmar*": "qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - says", "*ʾădōnāy* *YHWH*": "divine title + name - Lord YHWH/Sovereign LORD", "*yaʿan*": "conjunction - because", "*ʾămōr*": "qal infinitive construct - saying of", "*môʾāb*": "proper noun - Moab", "*wə-śēʿîr*": "waw conjunction + proper noun - and Seir", "*hinnēh*": "interjection - behold", "*kəkāl*-*haggôyim*": "preposition + noun + definite article + noun masculine plural - like all the nations", "*bêt*": "noun masculine singular construct - house of", "*yəhûdâ*": "proper noun - Judah" }, "variants": { "*môʾāb*": "Moab (nation east of Dead Sea)", "*śēʿîr*": "Seir (mountain region associated with Edom)", "*kəkāl*-*haggôyim* *bêt* *yəhûdâ*": "the house of Judah is like all the nations/Judah is no different from other nations" } } 9 { "verseID": "Ezekiel.25.9", "source": "לָכֵן֩ הִנְנִ֨י פֹתֵ֜חַ אֶת־כֶּ֤תֶף מוֹאָב֙ מֵהֶ֣עָרִ֔ים מֵֽעָרָ֖יו מִקָּצֵ֑הוּ צְבִ֗י אֶ֚רֶץ בֵּ֣ית הַיְשִׁימֹ֔ת בַּ֥עַל מְע֖וֹן וְקִרְיָתָֽיְמָה׃", "text": "*lākēn* *hinənî* *pōtēaḥ* *ʾet*-*ketep* *môʾāb* *mēheʿārîm* *mēʿārāyw* *miqqāṣēhû* *ṣəbî* *ʾereṣ* *bêt* *hayyəšîmōt* *baʿal* *məʿôn* *wəqiryātāyəmâ*", "grammar": { "*lākēn*": "conjunction - therefore", "*hinənî*": "interjection + 1st common singular suffix - behold me/here I am", "*pōtēaḥ*": "qal participle, masculine singular - opening", "*ʾet*-*ketep*": "direct object marker + noun feminine singular construct - the shoulder/flank of", "*môʾāb*": "proper noun - Moab", "*mēheʿārîm*": "preposition + definite article + noun feminine plural - from the cities", "*mēʿārāyw*": "preposition + noun feminine plural construct + 3rd masculine singular suffix - from his cities", "*miqqāṣēhû*": "preposition + noun masculine singular + 3rd masculine singular suffix - from his border/extremity", "*ṣəbî*": "noun masculine singular construct - glory of", "*ʾereṣ*": "noun feminine singular - land", "*bêt*": "noun masculine singular construct - house of", "*hayyəšîmōt*": "definite article + proper noun - the Jeshimoth", "*baʿal*": "proper noun - Baal", "*məʿôn*": "proper noun - Meon", "*wəqiryātāyəmâ*": "waw conjunction + proper noun - and Kiriathaim" }, "variants": { "*pōtēaḥ* *ʾet*-*ketep*": "laying open the shoulder/exposing the flank/making vulnerable the side", "*mēheʿārîm* *mēʿārāyw* *miqqāṣēhû*": "from the cities, from his cities at his border/from the frontier cities", "*ṣəbî* *ʾereṣ*": "glory of the land/beautiful country/pride of the land" } } 10 { "verseID": "Ezekiel.25.10", "source": "לִבְנֵי־קֶ֙דֶם֙ עַל־בְּנֵ֣י עַמּ֔וֹן וּנְתַתִּ֖יהָ לְמֽוֹרָשָׁ֑ה לְמַ֛עַן לֹֽא־תִזָּכֵ֥ר בְּנֵֽי־עַמּ֖וֹן בַּגּוֹיִֽם׃", "text": "*libnê*-*qedem* *ʿal*-*bənê* *ʿammôn* *ûnətattîhā* *ləmôrāšâ* *ləmaʿan* *lōʾ*-*tizzākēr* *bənê*-*ʿammôn* *baggôyim*", "grammar": { "*libnê*-*qedem*": "preposition + noun masculine plural construct + noun - to the sons of the east", "*ʿal*-*bənê*": "preposition + noun masculine plural construct - along with the sons of", "*ʿammôn*": "proper noun - Ammon", "*ûnətattîhā*": "waw conjunction + qal perfect, 1st common singular + 3rd feminine singular suffix - and I will give it", "*ləmôrāšâ*": "preposition + noun feminine singular - for a possession", "*ləmaʿan*": "conjunction - so that", "*lōʾ*-*tizzākēr*": "negative particle + niphal imperfect, 3rd feminine singular - it will not be remembered", "*bənê*-*ʿammôn*": "noun masculine plural construct + proper noun - sons of Ammon", "*baggôyim*": "preposition + definite article + noun masculine plural - among the nations" }, "variants": { "*libnê*-*qedem*": "to the people of the east/to the eastern tribes", "*ləmôrāšâ*": "for a possession/as an inheritance/as property", "*lōʾ*-*tizzākēr*": "will not be remembered/will be forgotten/will cease to exist" } } 11 { "verseID": "Ezekiel.25.11", "source": "וּבְמוֹאָ֖ב אֶעֱשֶׂ֣ה שְׁפָטִ֑ים וְיָדְע֖וּ כִּֽי־אֲנִ֥י יְהוָֽה׃", "text": "*ûbəmôʾāb* *ʾeʿĕśeh* *šəpāṭîm* *wəyādəʿû* *kî*-*ʾănî* *YHWH*", "grammar": { "*ûbəmôʾāb*": "waw conjunction + preposition + proper noun - and on Moab", "*ʾeʿĕśeh*": "qal imperfect, 1st common singular - I will execute", "*šəpāṭîm*": "noun masculine plural - judgments", "*wəyādəʿû*": "waw consecutive + qal perfect, 3rd common plural - and they will know", "*kî*-*ʾănî*": "conjunction + personal pronoun, 1st common singular - that I am", "*YHWH*": "divine name - LORD/Yahweh" }, "variants": { "*ʾeʿĕśeh* *šəpāṭîm*": "I will execute judgments/I will carry out punishments/I will inflict chastisements" } }
• Amos 1:13-2:3 : 13 { "verseID": "Amos.1.13", "source": "כֹּ֚ה אָמַ֣ר יְהוָ֔ה עַל־שְׁלֹשָׁה֙ פִּשְׁעֵ֣י בְנֵֽי־עַמּ֔וֹן וְעַל־אַרְבָּעָ֖ה לֹ֣א אֲשִׁיבֶ֑נּוּ עַל־בִּקְעָם֙ הָר֣וֹת הַגִּלְעָ֔ד לְמַ֖עַן הַרְחִ֥יב אֶת־גְּבוּלָֽם׃", "text": "Thus *ʾāmar* *YHWH* for-*šəlōšāh* *pišʿê* *bənê*-*ʿammôn* and-for-*ʾarbāʿāh* not *ʾăšîbenû* for-*biqʿām* *hārôt* *haggilʿād* for-purpose *harḥîb* *ʾet*-*gəbûlām*", "grammar": { "*ʾāmar*": "perfect, 3rd masculine singular - said/has said", "*YHWH*": "proper name - LORD/Yahweh", "*šəlōšāh*": "cardinal number, masculine - three", "*pišʿê*": "construct state, masculine plural - transgressions of", "*bənê*": "construct state, masculine plural - sons of", "*ʿammôn*": "proper name - Ammon", "*ʾarbāʿāh*": "cardinal number, masculine - four", "*ʾăšîbenû*": "imperfect, 1st singular with 3rd masculine singular suffix - I will restore/turn back it", "*biqʿām*": "infinitive construct with 3rd masculine plural suffix - their ripping up", "*hārôt*": "feminine plural adjective - pregnant women", "*haggilʿād*": "definite article + proper name - the Gilead", "*harḥîb*": "infinitive construct, hiphil - to enlarge", "*gəbûlām*": "masculine singular noun with 3rd masculine plural suffix - their territory" }, "variants": { "*pišʿê*": "transgressions/rebellions/crimes", "*ʾăšîbenû*": "I will not revoke/turn back/restore the punishment", "*biqʿām*": "their ripping open/splitting/cutting open", "*hārôt*": "pregnant women/women with child", "*harḥîb* *gəbûlām*": "to enlarge their territory/expand their border" } } 14 { "verseID": "Amos.1.14", "source": "וְהִצַּ֤תִּי אֵשׁ֙ בְּחוֹמַ֣ת רַבָּ֔ה וְאָכְלָ֖ה אַרְמְנוֹתֶ֑יהָ בִּתְרוּעָה֙ בְּי֣וֹם מִלְחָמָ֔ה בְּסַ֖עַר בְּי֥וֹם סוּפָֽה", "text": "And-*hiṣṣattî* *ʾēš* in-*ḥômat* *rabbāh* and-*ʾāklāh* *ʾarmənôtêhā* with-*tərûʿāh* in-*yôm* *milḥāmāh* with-*saʿar* in-*yôm* *sûpāh*", "grammar": { "*hiṣṣattî*": "perfect, 1st singular, hiphil with waw consecutive - and I will kindle", "*ʾēš*": "feminine singular noun - fire", "*ḥômat*": "construct state, feminine singular - wall of", "*rabbāh*": "proper name - Rabbah", "*ʾāklāh*": "perfect, 3rd feminine singular with waw consecutive - and it will consume", "*ʾarmənôtêhā*": "masculine plural noun with 3rd feminine singular suffix - her palaces", "*tərûʿāh*": "feminine singular noun - shouting/battle cry", "*yôm*": "masculine singular construct - day of", "*milḥāmāh*": "feminine singular noun - battle/war", "*saʿar*": "masculine singular noun - tempest/storm", "*sûpāh*": "feminine singular noun - whirlwind/storm" }, "variants": { "*hiṣṣattî*": "I will kindle/set on fire/ignite", "*ʾēš*": "fire/judgment", "*ḥômat*": "wall/fortification", "*ʾāklāh*": "it will consume/devour", "*ʾarmənôtêhā*": "her palaces/fortresses/citadels", "*tərûʿāh*": "shouting/war cry/alarm", "*saʿar*": "tempest/storm/whirlwind", "*sûpāh*": "whirlwind/storm/tempest" } } 15 { "verseID": "Amos.1.15", "source": "וְהָלַ֥ךְ מַלְכָּ֖ם בַּגּוֹלָ֑ה ה֧וּא וְשָׂרָ֛יו יַחְדָּ֖ו אָמַ֥ר יְהוָֽה׃", "text": "And-*hālak* *malkām* in-*haggôlāh* he and-*śārāyw* *yaḥdāw* *ʾāmar* *YHWH*", "grammar": { "*hālak*": "perfect, 3rd masculine singular with waw consecutive - and he will go", "*malkām*": "masculine singular noun with 3rd masculine plural suffix - their king", "*haggôlāh*": "definite article + feminine singular noun - the exile", "*śārāyw*": "masculine plural noun with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his princes/officials", "*yaḥdāw*": "adverb - together", "*ʾāmar*": "perfect, 3rd masculine singular - said/has said", "*YHWH*": "proper name - LORD/Yahweh" }, "variants": { "*malkām*": "their king/Milcom (Ammonite deity)", "*haggôlāh*": "the exile/captivity", "*śārāyw*": "his princes/officials/nobles", "*yaḥdāw*": "together/at the same time" } } 1 { "verseID": "Amos.2.1", "source": "כֹּ֚ה אָמַ֣ר יְהוָ֔ה עַל־שְׁלֹשָׁה֙ פִּשְׁעֵ֣י מוֹאָ֔ב וְעַל־אַרְבָּעָ֖ה לֹ֣א אֲשִׁיבֶ֑נּוּ עַל־שָׂרְפ֛וֹ עַצְמ֥וֹת מֶֽלֶךְ־אֱד֖וֹם לַשִּֽׂיד׃", "text": "*kōh ʾāmar YHWH* upon-*šəlōšāh pišʿê* *môʾāb* *wə*-upon-*ʾarbāʿāh lōʾ ʾăšîbennû* upon-*śārəpô ʿaṣəmôt melek-ʾĕdôm laśśîd*", "grammar": { "*kōh*": "adverb - thus/so", "*ʾāmar*": "perfect, 3rd masculine singular - said/speaks", "*YHWH*": "divine name - Yahweh/LORD", "*šəlōšāh*": "cardinal number, masculine - three", "*pišʿê*": "construct masculine plural of *pešaʿ* - transgressions/rebellions of", "*môʾāb*": "proper noun - Moab", "*wə*": "conjunction - and", "*ʾarbāʿāh*": "cardinal number, masculine - four", "*lōʾ*": "negative particle - not", "*ʾăšîbennû*": "hiphil imperfect 1st singular with 3rd masculine singular suffix - I will not turn it back/revoke it", "*śārəpô*": "infinitive construct with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his burning", "*ʿaṣəmôt*": "feminine plural construct - bones of", "*melek*": "masculine singular construct - king of", "*ʾĕdôm*": "proper noun - Edom", "*laśśîd*": "preposition + definite article + noun - to the lime/ash" }, "variants": { "*pišʿê*": "transgressions/rebellions/crimes", "*ʾăšîbennû*": "I will not turn it back/revoke it/reverse it", "*śārəpô*": "his burning/calcining", "*laśśîd*": "to lime/to ash/to dust/to calcium oxide (material used in plaster)" } } 2 { "verseID": "Amos.2.2", "source": "וְשִׁלַּחְתִּי־אֵ֣שׁ בְּמוֹאָ֔ב וְאָכְלָ֖ה אַרְמְנ֣וֹת הַקְּרִיּ֑וֹת וּמֵ֤ת בְּשָׁאוֹן֙ מוֹאָ֔ב בִּתְרוּעָ֖ה בְּק֥וֹל שׁוֹפָֽר׃", "text": "*wə-šillaḥtî-ʾēš bəmôʾāb wə-ʾāklāh ʾarmənôt haqqəriyyôt ûmēt bəšāʾôn môʾāb bitrûʿāh bəqôl šôpār*", "grammar": { "*wə-šillaḥtî*": "waw consecutive + piel perfect 1st singular - and I will send", "*ʾēš*": "feminine singular - fire", "*bəmôʾāb*": "preposition + proper noun - in/against Moab", "*wə-ʾāklāh*": "waw consecutive + qal perfect 3rd feminine singular - and it will devour/consume", "*ʾarmənôt*": "masculine plural construct - palaces/citadels of", "*haqqəriyyôt*": "definite article + proper noun - the Kerioth", "*ûmēt*": "waw conjunction + qal perfect 3rd masculine singular - and shall die", "*bəšāʾôn*": "preposition + masculine singular - in tumult/noise", "*môʾāb*": "proper noun - Moab", "*bitrûʿāh*": "preposition + feminine singular - with shouting/alarm", "*bəqôl*": "preposition + masculine singular construct - with sound/voice of", "*šôpār*": "masculine singular - trumpet/ram's horn" }, "variants": { "*ʾēš*": "fire/judgment", "*ʾāklāh*": "consume/devour/destroy", "*ʾarmənôt*": "palaces/fortresses/citadels", "*šāʾôn*": "tumult/noise/roar/clamor", "*trûʿāh*": "shouting/alarm/battle cry", "*šôpār*": "trumpet/ram's horn/shofar" } } 3 { "verseID": "Amos.2.3", "source": "וְהִכְרַתִּ֥י שׁוֹפֵ֖ט מִקִּרְבָּ֑הּ וְכָל־שָׂרֶ֛יהָ אֶהֱר֥וֹג עִמּ֖וֹ אָמַ֥ר יְהוָֽה׃ פ", "text": "*wə-hikrattî šôpēṭ miqqirbāh wə-kol-śārêhā ʾehĕrôg ʿimmô ʾāmar YHWH*", "grammar": { "*wə-hikrattî*": "waw consecutive + hiphil perfect 1st singular - and I will cut off", "*šôpēṭ*": "masculine singular - judge/ruler", "*miqqirbāh*": "preposition + feminine singular with 3rd feminine singular suffix - from midst of her", "*wə-kol*": "waw conjunction + masculine singular construct - and all of", "*śārêhā*": "masculine plural with 3rd feminine singular suffix - her princes/officials", "*ʾehĕrôg*": "qal imperfect 1st singular - I will slay/kill", "*ʿimmô*": "preposition with 3rd masculine singular suffix - with him", "*ʾāmar*": "qal perfect 3rd masculine singular - says/declares", "*YHWH*": "divine name - Yahweh/LORD" }, "variants": { "*šôpēṭ*": "judge/ruler/governor", "*miqqirbāh*": "from midst of her/from within her/from her center", "*śārêhā*": "her princes/her officials/her nobles/her chiefs", "*ʾehĕrôg*": "I will slay/I will kill/I will murder" } }
• Luke 4:16-19 : 16 { "verseID": "Luke.4.16", "source": "¶Καὶ ἦλθεν εἰς τὴν Ναζαρέτ, οὗ ἦν τεθραμμένος: καὶ εἰσῆλθεν, κατὰ τὸ εἰωθὸς αὐτῷ, ἐν τῇ ἡμέρᾳ τῶν σαββάτων εἰς τὴν συναγωγήν, καὶ ἀνέστη ἀναγνῶναι.", "text": "And *ēlthen* to *Nazaret*, where he was *tethrammenos*: and *eisēlthen*, according to the *eiōthos* to him, on the *hēmera* of the *sabbatōn* into the *synagōgēn*, and *anestē anagnōnai*.", "grammar": { "*ēlthen*": "aorist, active, indicative, 3rd singular - came/went", "*Nazaret*": "accusative, feminine, singular - Nazareth", "*tethrammenos*": "perfect, passive, participle, nominative, masculine, singular - having been brought up", "*eisēlthen*": "aorist, active, indicative, 3rd singular - entered", "*eiōthos*": "perfect, active, participle, accusative, neuter, singular - customary/usual", "*hēmera*": "dative, feminine, singular - day", "*sabbatōn*": "genitive, neuter, plural - sabbaths", "*synagōgēn*": "accusative, feminine, singular - synagogue", "*anestē*": "aorist, active, indicative, 3rd singular - stood up", "*anagnōnai*": "aorist, active, infinitive - to read" }, "variants": { "*tethrammenos*": "having been brought up/nourished/raised", "*eiōthos*": "customary/habitual/usual practice", "*anestē*": "stood up/arose", "*anagnōnai*": "to read [aloud]" } } 17 { "verseID": "Luke.4.17", "source": "Καὶ ἐπεδόθη αὐτῷ βιβλίον Ἠσαΐου τοῦ προφήτου. Καὶ ἀναπτύξας τὸ βιβλίον, εὗρεν τὸν τόπον οὗ ἦν γεγραμμένον,", "text": "And *epedothē* to him *biblion Ēsaiou* the *prophētou*. And *anaptyxas* the *biblion*, *heuren* the *topon* where was *gegrammenon*,", "grammar": { "*epedothē*": "aorist, passive, indicative, 3rd singular - was handed/given", "*biblion*": "nominative, neuter, singular - scroll/book", "*Ēsaiou*": "genitive, masculine, singular - of Isaiah", "*prophētou*": "genitive, masculine, singular - prophet", "*anaptyxas*": "aorist, active, participle, nominative, masculine, singular - having unrolled", "*biblion*": "accusative, neuter, singular - scroll/book", "*heuren*": "aorist, active, indicative, 3rd singular - found", "*topon*": "accusative, masculine, singular - place/passage", "*gegrammenon*": "perfect, passive, participle, nominative, neuter, singular - having been written" }, "variants": { "*epedothē*": "was handed/given/delivered", "*biblion*": "scroll/book", "*anaptyxas*": "having unrolled/opened/unfolded", "*topon*": "place/passage/section" } } 18 { "verseID": "Luke.4.18", "source": "Πνεῦμα Κυρίου ἐπʼ ἐμέ, οὗ εἵνεκεν ἔχρισέν με εὐαγγελίσασθαι πτωχοῖς· ἀπέσταλκέν με ἰάσασθαι τοὺς συντετριμμένους τὴν καρδίαν, κηρύξαι αἰχμαλώτοις ἄφεσιν, καὶ τυφλοῖς ἀνάβλεψιν, ἀποστεῖλαι τεθραυσμένους ἐν ἀφέσει,", "text": "*Pneuma Kyriou* upon me, of which *heineken echrisen* me *euangelisasthai ptōchois*; *apestalken* me *iasasthai* the *syntetrimmenous* the *kardian*, *kēryxai aichmalōtois aphesin*, and to *typhlois anablepsin*, *aposteilai tethrausmenous* in *aphesei*,", "grammar": { "*Pneuma*": "nominative, neuter, singular - Spirit", "*Kyriou*": "genitive, masculine, singular - of Lord", "*heineken*": "preposition - because of/for this reason", "*echrisen*": "aorist, active, indicative, 3rd singular - anointed", "*euangelisasthai*": "aorist, middle, infinitive - to proclaim good news", "*ptōchois*": "dative, masculine, plural - poor", "*apestalken*": "perfect, active, indicative, 3rd singular - has sent", "*iasasthai*": "aorist, middle, infinitive - to heal", "*syntetrimmenous*": "perfect, passive, participle, accusative, masculine, plural - having been broken/crushed", "*kardian*": "accusative, feminine, singular - heart", "*kēryxai*": "aorist, active, infinitive - to proclaim", "*aichmalōtois*": "dative, masculine, plural - captives/prisoners", "*aphesin*": "accusative, feminine, singular - release/forgiveness", "*typhlois*": "dative, masculine, plural - blind", "*anablepsin*": "accusative, feminine, singular - recovery of sight", "*aposteilai*": "aorist, active, infinitive - to send away", "*tethrausmenous*": "perfect, passive, participle, accusative, masculine, plural - having been oppressed/bruised", "*aphesei*": "dative, feminine, singular - release/liberty" }, "variants": { "*echrisen*": "anointed/consecrated", "*euangelisasthai*": "to proclaim good news/evangelize", "*apestalken*": "has sent/dispatched/commissioned", "*iasasthai*": "to heal/cure", "*syntetrimmenous*": "having been broken/crushed/shattered", "*aphesin*": "release/forgiveness/liberty", "*anablepsin*": "recovery of sight/seeing again", "*tethrausmenous*": "having been oppressed/bruised/broken" } } 19 { "verseID": "Luke.4.19", "source": "Κηρύξαι ἐνιαυτὸν Κυρίου δεκτόν.", "text": "*Kēryxai eniauton Kyriou dekton*.", "grammar": { "*Kēryxai*": "aorist, active, infinitive - to proclaim", "*eniauton*": "accusative, masculine, singular - year", "*Kyriou*": "genitive, masculine, singular - of Lord", "*dekton*": "accusative, masculine, singular, adjective - acceptable/favorable" }, "variants": { "*Kēryxai*": "to proclaim/announce/herald", "*eniauton*": "year/yearly cycle", "*dekton*": "acceptable/favorable/welcome" } }
• Luke 10:26 : 26 { "verseID": "Luke.10.26", "source": "Ὁ δὲ Εἶπεν πρὸς αὐτόν, Ἐν τῷ νόμῳ Τί γέγραπται; πῶς ἀναγινώσκεις;", "text": "He *de Eipen pros* him, In the *nomō* what *gegraptai*? how *anaginōskeis*?", "grammar": { "*de*": "postpositive conjunction - and/but", "*Eipen*": "aorist active indicative, 3rd singular - said/spoke", "*pros*": "preposition + accusative - to/toward", "*nomō*": "dative, masculine, singular - law", "*gegraptai*": "perfect passive indicative, 3rd singular - it has been written", "*anaginōskeis*": "present active indicative, 2nd singular - you read" }, "variants": { "*Eipen*": "said/spoke/told", "*pros*": "to/toward/with", "*nomō*": "law/Torah", "*gegraptai*": "it has been written/is written/stands written", "*anaginōskeis*": "you read/understand when reading" } }
• Acts 13:15 : 15 { "verseID": "Acts.13.15", "source": "Μετὰ δὲ τὴν ἀνάγνωσιν τοῦ νόμου καὶ τῶν προφητῶν ἀπέστειλαν οἱ ἀρχισυνάγωγοι πρὸς αὐτούς, λέγοντες, Ἄνδρες ἀδελφοί, εἴ ἐστιν λόγος ἐν ὑμῖν παρακλήσεως πρὸς τὸν λαόν, λέγετε.", "text": "After *de* the *anagnōsin* of the *nomou* and of the *prophētōn* *apesteilan* the *archisynagōgoi* *pros* them, *legontes*, *Andres* *adelphoi*, if *estin* *logos* in you of *paraklēseōs* *pros* the *laon*, *legete*.", "grammar": { "*Meta*": "preposition - after", "*de*": "postpositive particle - but/and/now", "*anagnōsin*": "accusative, feminine, singular - reading", "*nomou*": "genitive, masculine, singular - of law", "*prophētōn*": "genitive, masculine, plural - of prophets", "*apesteilan*": "aorist active indicative, 3rd person plural - they sent", "*archisynagōgoi*": "nominative, masculine, plural - rulers of synagogue", "*pros*": "preposition - to", "*autous*": "accusative, masculine, plural - them", "*legontes*": "present active participle, nominative, masculine, plural - saying", "*Andres*": "vocative, masculine, plural - men", "*adelphoi*": "vocative, masculine, plural - brothers", "*ei*": "conditional particle - if", "*estin*": "present active indicative, 3rd person singular - is", "*logos*": "nominative, masculine, singular - word", "*en*": "preposition - in", "*hymin*": "dative, plural - you", "*paraklēseōs*": "genitive, feminine, singular - of exhortation", "*pros*": "preposition - to", "*laon*": "accusative, masculine, singular - people", "*legete*": "present active imperative, 2nd person plural - speak" }, "variants": { "*anagnōsin*": "reading/recitation", "*nomou*": "law/Torah", "*prophētōn*": "prophets", "*apesteilan*": "sent/dispatched", "*archisynagōgoi*": "rulers of synagogue/synagogue leaders", "*pros*": "to/toward", "*legontes*": "saying/speaking", "*Andres*": "men/gentlemen", "*adelphoi*": "brothers/fellow believers", "*logos*": "word/message/statement", "*paraklēseōs*": "exhortation/encouragement/comfort", "*laon*": "people/nation/crowd", "*legete*": "speak/say" } }
• Acts 15:21 : 21 { "verseID": "Acts.15.21", "source": "Μωϋσῆς γὰρ ἐκ γενεῶν ἀρχαίων κατὰ πόλιν τοὺς κηρύσσοντας αὐτὸν ἔχει, ἐν ταῖς συναγωγαῖς κατὰ πᾶν σάββατον ἀναγινωσκόμενος.", "text": "For *Mōusēs* from *geneōn archaiōn kata polin tous kērussontas* him *echei*, in the *sunagōgais kata pan sabbaton anaginōskomenos*.", "grammar": { "*Mōusēs*": "nominative, masculine, singular - Moses", "*gar*": "conjunction - for", "*ek*": "preposition + genitive - from", "*geneōn*": "genitive, feminine, plural - generations", "*archaiōn*": "genitive, feminine, plural - ancient/early", "*kata*": "preposition + accusative - throughout", "*polin*": "accusative, feminine, singular - city", "*tous kērussontas*": "accusative, masculine, plural, present participle, active - those proclaiming", "*auton*": "accusative, masculine, singular - him", "*echei*": "present, indicative, active, 3rd person, singular - has", "*en*": "preposition + dative - in", "*tais sunagōgais*": "dative, feminine, plural - the synagogues", "*kata*": "preposition + accusative - every/according to", "*pan*": "accusative, neuter, singular - every", "*sabbaton*": "accusative, neuter, singular - Sabbath", "*anaginōskomenos*": "present participle, passive, nominative, masculine, singular - being read" }, "variants": { "*geneōn*": "generations/ages", "*archaiōn*": "ancient/early/former", "*polin*": "city/town", "*kērussontas*": "those proclaiming/preaching/announcing", "*echei*": "has/possesses/holds", "*sunagōgais*": "synagogues/assemblies", "*sabbaton*": "Sabbath/seventh day", "*anaginōskomenos*": "being read/read aloud" } }