Verse 2

{ "verseID": "Psalms.12.2", "source": "הוֹשִׁ֣יעָה יְ֭הוָה כִּי־גָמַ֣ר חָסִ֑יד כִּי־פַ֥סּוּ אֱ֝מוּנִ֗ים מִבְּנֵ֥י אָדָֽם׃", "text": "*hôšîʿāh* *YHWH* for *gāmar* *ḥāsîd* for *passû* *ʾĕmûnîm* from *bənê* *ʾādām*", "grammar": { "*hôšîʿāh*": "hiphil imperative, masculine singular - save/deliver", "*YHWH*": "proper name, vocative - LORD", "*gāmar*": "qal perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - ceased/failed/ended", "*ḥāsîd*": "masculine singular noun - godly/faithful one", "*passû*": "qal perfect, 3rd person plural - disappeared/ceased", "*ʾĕmûnîm*": "masculine plural noun - faithful ones/faithful people", "*bənê*": "masculine plural construct - sons of", "*ʾādām*": "masculine singular noun - man/mankind/humanity" }, "variants": { "*hôšîʿāh*": "save/deliver/help", "*gāmar*": "ceased/ended/failed/disappeared", "*ḥāsîd*": "godly one/faithful one/pious one/loyal one", "*passû*": "disappeared/ceased/vanished", "*ʾĕmûnîm*": "faithful ones/trustworthy ones/reliable people", "*bənê ʾādām*": "sons of man/children of humanity/human beings" } }

Other Translations

Referenced Verses

  • Ps 41:6 : 6 { "verseID": "Psalms.41.6", "source": "אוֹיְבַ֗י יֹאמְר֣וּ רַ֣ע לִ֑י מָתַ֥י יָ֝מ֗וּת וְאָבַ֥ד שְׁמֽוֹ׃", "text": "*ʾôyəbay* *yōʾmərû* *raʿ* to-me when *yāmût* and-*ʾābad* *šəmô*", "grammar": { "*ʾôyəbay*": "noun, masculine plural with 1st person singular suffix - my enemies", "*yōʾmərû*": "verb, Qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine plural - they will say", "*raʿ*": "adjective, masculine singular - evil/bad", "to-me": "preposition 'lə' with 1st person singular suffix - to me", "*mātay*": "interrogative adverb - when", "*yāmût*": "verb, Qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - he will die", "*ʾābad*": "verb, Qal perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - with 'wə' conjunction - and perish", "*šəmô*": "noun, masculine singular with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his name" }, "variants": { "*ʾôyəbay*": "my enemies/foes/adversaries", "*yōʾmərû*": "they will say/speak/declare", "*raʿ*": "evil/bad/distress/misery", "*yāmût*": "he will die/expire", "*ʾābad*": "perish/be destroyed/vanish", "*šəmô*": "his name/reputation/renown" } }
  • Rom 16:18 : 18 { "verseID": "Romans.16.18", "source": "Οἱ γὰρ τοιοῦτοι τῷ Κυρίῳ ἡμῶν Ἰησοῦ Χριστῷ οὐ δουλεύουσιν, ἀλλὰ τῇ ἑαυτῶν κοιλίᾳ· καὶ διὰ τῆς χρηστολογίας καὶ εὐλογίας ἐξαπατῶσιν τὰς καρδίας τῶν ἀκάκων.", "text": "For the such to-the *Kyriō* of-us *Iēsou Christō* not *douleuousin*, but to-the *heautōn* *koilia*; and through the *chrēstologias* and *eulogias* they-*exapatōsin* the *kardias* of-the *akakōn*.", "grammar": { "γὰρ": "postpositive conjunction - for/because", "τοιοῦτοι": "nominative masculine plural demonstrative - such/such ones", "*Kyriō*": "dative masculine singular - Lord", "ἡμῶν": "genitive plural pronoun - of us/our", "*Iēsou*": "dative masculine singular - Jesus", "*Christō*": "dative masculine singular - Christ", "οὐ": "negative particle - not", "*douleuousin*": "present indicative active, 3rd person plural - serve/are slaves to", "ἀλλὰ": "adversative conjunction - but", "*heautōn*": "genitive plural reflexive pronoun - their own", "*koilia*": "dative feminine singular - belly/appetite", "διὰ": "preposition with genitive - through/by means of", "*chrēstologias*": "genitive feminine singular - smooth talk/fine-sounding words", "*eulogias*": "genitive feminine singular - flattery/praise", "*exapatōsin*": "present indicative active, 3rd person plural - deceive/mislead", "*kardias*": "accusative feminine plural - hearts", "*akakōn*": "genitive masculine plural - innocent/unsuspecting" }, "variants": { "*douleuousin*": "serve/are slaves to/render service", "*koilia*": "belly/appetite/physical desires", "*chrēstologias*": "smooth talk/fine-sounding words/plausible speech", "*eulogias*": "flattery/praise/blessing", "*exapatōsin*": "deceive/mislead/delude", "*kardias*": "hearts/minds/inner being", "*akakōn*": "innocent/unsuspecting/naive" } }
  • Ps 10:7 : 7 { "verseID": "Psalms.10.7", "source": "אָלָ֤ה ׀ פִּ֣יהוּ מָ֭לֵא וּמִרְמ֣וֹת וָתֹ֑ךְ תַּ֥חַת לְ֝שׁוֹנ֗וֹ עָמָ֥ל וָאָֽוֶן׃", "text": "*ʾālāh* *pîhû* *mālēʾ* *ûmirmôt* *wātōk* *taḥat* *lĕšônô* *ʿāmāl* *wāʾāwen*", "grammar": { "*ʾālāh*": "noun feminine singular - oath/curse/imprecation", "*pîhû*": "noun masculine singular + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his mouth", "*mālēʾ*": "adjective masculine singular - full of", "*ûmirmôt*": "conjunction + noun feminine plural - and deceits", "*wātōk*": "conjunction + noun masculine singular - and oppression", "*taḥat*": "preposition - under", "*lĕšônô*": "noun feminine singular + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his tongue", "*ʿāmāl*": "noun masculine singular - trouble/labor/mischief", "*wāʾāwen*": "conjunction + noun masculine singular - and iniquity" }, "variants": { "*ʾālāh*": "oath/curse/swearing", "*peh*": "mouth/opening", "*mālēʾ*": "full/filled", "*mirmāh*": "deceit/treachery/fraud", "*tōk*": "oppression/injury/deceit", "*lāšôn*": "tongue/language", "*ʿāmāl*": "trouble/labor/mischief/toil", "*ʾāwen*": "iniquity/wickedness/sorrow" } }
  • Jer 9:8 : 8 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.9.8", "source": "הַעַל־אֵ֥לֶּה לֹֽא־אֶפְקָד־בָּ֖ם נְאֻם־יְהוָ֑ה אִ֚ם בְּג֣וֹי אֲשֶׁר־כָּזֶ֔ה לֹ֥א תִתְנַקֵּ֖ם נַפְשִֽׁי׃", "text": "*ha'al*-*'ēlleh* *lō'*-*'epqād*-*bām* *nĕ'um*-*YHWH* *'im* against-*gôy* *'ăšer*-like-this *lō'* *titnaqēm* *napšî*", "grammar": { "*ha'al*": "interrogative particle + preposition - on account of", "*'ēlleh*": "demonstrative pronoun, plural - these", "*lō'*": "negative particle - not", "*'epqād*": "imperfect verb, 1st person singular - I will visit/punish", "*bām*": "preposition with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - on them", "*nĕ'um-YHWH*": "construct phrase - declaration of YHWH", "*'im*": "conditional particle - if/or", "*gôy*": "masculine noun with prefixed preposition - against nation", "*'ăšer*": "relative particle - which/that", "*lō'*": "negative particle - not", "*titnaqēm*": "imperfect verb, 3rd person feminine singular, hitpael - will avenge itself", "*napšî*": "feminine noun with 1st person singular suffix - my soul" }, "variants": { "*'epqād*": "I will visit/punish/hold accountable", "*nĕ'um*": "declaration/oracle/utterance", "*'im*": "if/or/whether (introduces rhetorical question)", "*gôy*": "nation/people/gentiles", "*titnaqēm*": "will avenge itself/take vengeance/exact retribution", "*napšî*": "my soul/being/self" } }
  • Ps 5:9 : 9 { "verseID": "Psalms.5.9", "source": "יְהוָ֤ה ׀ נְחֵ֬נִי בְצִדְקָתֶ֗ךָ לְמַ֥עַן שׁוֹרְרָ֑י *הושר **הַיְשַׁ֖ר לְפָנַ֣י דַּרְכֶּֽךָ׃", "text": "*YHWH* *nəḥēnî* in-*ṣidqātekā* for-*maʿan* *šôrərāy* *hayšar* to-*pānay* *darkekā*", "grammar": { "*YHWH*": "divine name - LORD", "*nəḥēnî*": "Qal imperative, masculine singular with 1st person singular suffix - lead me", "*ṣidqātekā*": "feminine singular noun with 2nd person masculine singular suffix - your righteousness", "*maʿan*": "preposition - because of/for the sake of", "*šôrərāy*": "Qal participle, masculine plural with 1st person singular suffix - my watchers/enemies", "*hayšar*": "Hiphil imperative, masculine singular - make straight", "*pānay*": "common plural noun with 1st person singular suffix - my face", "*darkekā*": "feminine singular noun with 2nd person masculine singular suffix - your way" }, "variants": { "*nəḥēnî*": "lead me/guide me", "*ṣidqātekā*": "your righteousness/justice", "*maʿan*": "because of/for the sake of/on account of", "*šôrərāy*": "my watchers/enemies/those who lie in wait for me", "*hayšar*": "make straight/make level/direct", "*darkekā*": "your way/path/road" } }
  • Ps 144:8 : 8 { "verseID": "Psalms.144.8", "source": "אֲשֶׁ֣ר פִּ֭יהֶם דִּבֶּר־שָׁ֑וְא וִֽ֝ימִינָ֗ם יְמִ֣ין שָֽׁקֶר׃", "text": "*ʾĂšer pîhem dibber-šāwʾ*, and their *wîmînām yĕmîn šāqer*.", "grammar": { "*ʾăšer*": "relative pronoun - who/which/that", "*pîhem*": "noun masculine singular + 3rd masculine plural suffix - their mouth", "*dibber*": "Piel perfect, 3rd masculine singular - has spoken", "*šāwʾ*": "noun masculine singular - emptiness/falsehood/vanity", "*wîmînām*": "conjunction + noun feminine singular + 3rd masculine plural suffix - and their right hand", "*yĕmîn*": "noun feminine singular construct - right hand of", "*šāqer*": "noun masculine singular - falsehood/deception" }, "variants": { "*pîhem*": "their mouth (collective singular for plural 'mouths')", "*dibber-šāwʾ*": "has spoken emptiness/vanity/falsehood", "*yĕmîn šāqer*": "right hand of falsehood (idiom for deceptive oaths/promises)" } }
  • Ps 28:3 : 3 { "verseID": "Psalms.28.3", "source": "אַל־תִּמְשְׁכֵ֣נִי עִם־רְשָׁעִים֮ וְעִם־פֹּ֢עֲלֵ֫י אָ֥וֶן דֹּבְרֵ֣י שָׁ֭לוֹם עִם־רֵֽעֵיהֶ֑ם וְ֝רָעָ֗ה בִּלְבָבָֽם׃", "text": "Do not *timšĕkēnî* with *rĕšāʿîm* and with *pōʿălê* *ʾāwen*, *dōbĕrê* *šālôm* with *rēʿêhem*, but *rāʿâ* in *bilbābām*.", "grammar": { "*timšĕkēnî*": "qal imperfect 2nd person masculine singular with 1st person singular suffix and negative particle - do not draw me away/drag me", "*rĕšāʿîm*": "noun masculine plural - wicked ones", "*pōʿălê*": "qal participle masculine plural construct - workers/doers of", "*ʾāwen*": "noun masculine singular - iniquity/wickedness/trouble", "*dōbĕrê*": "qal participle masculine plural construct - speakers of", "*šālôm*": "noun masculine singular - peace/completeness/welfare", "*rēʿêhem*": "noun masculine plural with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - their neighbors/friends", "*rāʿâ*": "noun feminine singular - evil/distress/misery", "*bilbābām*": "noun masculine singular with prefix preposition and 3rd person masculine plural suffix - in their heart" }, "variants": { "*timšĕkēnî*": "draw me away/drag me/take me away", "*rĕšāʿîm*": "wicked ones/evildoers/guilty ones", "*ʾāwen*": "iniquity/wickedness/trouble/sorrow", "*šālôm*": "peace/welfare/friendship/completeness", "*rāʿâ*": "evil/distress/misery/calamity" } }
  • Jas 1:8 : 8 { "verseID": "James.1.8", "source": "Ἀνὴρ δίψυχος ἀκατάστατος ἐν πάσαις ταῖς ὁδοῖς αὐτοῦ.", "text": "*Anēr dipsychos akatastatos* in all the *hodois* of him.", "grammar": { "*Anēr*": "nominative, masculine, singular - subject", "*dipsychos*": "nominative, masculine, singular - adjective modifying *anēr*", "*akatastatos*": "nominative, masculine, singular - adjective modifying *anēr*", "*hodois*": "dative, feminine, plural - location (in ways)" }, "variants": { "*Anēr*": "man/male/husband", "*dipsychos*": "double-minded/two-souled/wavering", "*akatastatos*": "unstable/unsteady/vacillating", "*hodois*": "ways/paths/roads/journeys" } }
  • 1 Chr 12:33 : 33 { "verseID": "1 Chronicles.12.33", "source": "וּמִבְּנֵ֣י יִשָּׂשכָ֗ר יוֹדְעֵ֤י בִינָה֙ לַֽעִתִּ֔ים לָדַ֖עַת מַה־יַּעֲשֶׂ֣ה יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל רָאשֵׁיהֶ֣ם מָאתַ֔יִם וְכָל־אֲחֵיהֶ֖ם עַל־פִּיהֶֽם׃ ס", "text": "And-from-*benê* *yiśśāḵār* *yôdeʿê* *ḇînāh* for-the-*ʿittîm* to-know what-*yaʿăśeh* *yiśrāʾēl* *rāʾšêhem* two-hundred and-all-*ʾăḥêhem* at-*pîhem*", "grammar": { "*benê*": "masculine noun, plural construct - sons of", "*yiśśāḵār*": "proper noun - Issachar", "*yôdeʿê*": "verb, qal participle, masculine plural construct - knowers of/men who had understanding of", "*ḇînāh*": "feminine noun, singular - understanding/discernment", "*ʿittîm*": "masculine noun, plural - times/seasons", "*yaʿăśeh*": "verb, qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - should do", "*yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel", "*rāʾšêhem*": "masculine noun, plural with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - their heads/chiefs", "*ʾăḥêhem*": "masculine noun, plural with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - their brothers", "*pîhem*": "masculine noun, singular with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - their mouth/command" }, "variants": { "*yôdeʿê ḇînāh la-ʿittîm*": "men who understood the times/having understanding of the times/who had insight for the occasions", "*ʿal-pîhem*": "at their command/according to their word/under their orders" } }
  • Ezek 12:24 : 24 { "verseID": "Ezekiel.12.24", "source": "כִּ֠י לֹ֣א יִֽהְיֶ֥ה ע֛וֹד כָּל־חֲז֥וֹן שָׁ֖וְא וּמִקְסַ֣ם חָלָ֑ק בְּת֖וֹךְ בֵּ֥ית יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃", "text": "For not *yihyeh* again any-*ḥăzôn* *šāwʾ* and-*miqsam* *ḥālāq* in-midst *bêṯ* *Yiśrāʾēl*", "grammar": { "*yihyeh*": "qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - it will be", "*ḥăzôn*": "common noun, masculine singular - vision", "*šāwʾ*": "common noun, masculine singular - worthlessness/falsehood", "*miqsam*": "common noun, masculine singular - divination", "*ḥālāq*": "adjective, masculine singular - smooth/flattering", "*bêṯ* *Yiśrāʾēl*": "construct chain - house of Israel" }, "variants": { "*šāwʾ*": "worthlessness/falsehood/emptiness/vanity", "*ḥālāq*": "smooth/flattering/deceptive" } }
  • Ps 144:11 : 11 { "verseID": "Psalms.144.11", "source": "פְּצֵ֥נִי וְהַצִּילֵנִי֮ מִיַּ֢ד בְּֽנֵי־נֵ֫כָ֥ר אֲשֶׁ֣ר פִּ֭יהֶם דִּבֶּר־שָׁ֑וְא וִֽ֝ימִינָ֗ם יְמִ֣ין שָֽׁקֶר׃", "text": "*Pĕṣēnî wĕhaṣṣîlēnî miyyad bĕnê-nēkār ʾăšer pîhem dibber-šāwʾ*, and their *wîmînām yĕmîn šāqer*.", "grammar": { "*pĕṣēnî*": "Qal imperative, masculine singular + 1st person singular suffix - rescue me", "*wĕhaṣṣîlēnî*": "conjunction + Hiphil imperative, masculine singular + 1st person singular suffix - and deliver me", "*miyyad*": "preposition + noun feminine singular construct - from the hand of", "*bĕnê*": "noun masculine plural construct - sons of", "*nēkār*": "noun masculine singular - foreignness/foreign", "*ʾăšer*": "relative pronoun - who/which/that", "*pîhem*": "noun masculine singular + 3rd masculine plural suffix - their mouth", "*dibber*": "Piel perfect, 3rd masculine singular - has spoken", "*šāwʾ*": "noun masculine singular - emptiness/falsehood/vanity", "*wîmînām*": "conjunction + noun feminine singular + 3rd masculine plural suffix - and their right hand", "*yĕmîn*": "noun feminine singular construct - right hand of", "*šāqer*": "noun masculine singular - falsehood/deception" }, "variants": { "*pĕṣēnî*": "rescue me/deliver me/free me", "*wĕhaṣṣîlēnî*": "and deliver me/and save me/and rescue me", "*bĕnê-nēkār*": "sons of foreignness/foreigners/strangers", "*pîhem*": "their mouth (collective singular for plural 'mouths')", "*dibber-šāwʾ*": "has spoken emptiness/vanity/falsehood", "*yĕmîn šāqer*": "right hand of falsehood (idiom for deceptive oaths/promises)" } }
  • Prov 20:19 : 19 { "verseID": "Proverbs.20.19", "source": "גּֽוֹלֶה־סּ֭וֹד הוֹלֵ֣ךְ רָכִ֑יל וּלְפֹתֶ֥ה שְׂ֝פָתָ֗יו לֹ֣א תִתְעָרָֽב׃", "text": "*gôleh*-*sôd* *hôlēk* *rākîl* and-to-*pōteh* *śəpātāyw* not *titʿārāb*", "grammar": { "*gôleh*": "verb, Qal participle masculine singular - revealing", "*sôd*": "noun, masculine singular - secret/confidence", "*hôlēk*": "verb, Qal participle masculine singular - walking/going about", "*rākîl*": "noun, masculine singular - slander/gossip", "*pōteh*": "verb, Qal participle masculine singular - opening wide", "*śəpātāyw*": "noun, feminine dual with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his lips", "*titʿārāb*": "verb, Hithpael imperfect 2nd masculine singular - associate yourself" }, "variants": { "*gôleh*": "revealing/uncovering/exposing", "*sôd*": "secret/confidence/council", "*hôlēk*": "walks/goes about/travels", "*rākîl*": "slander/gossip/tale bearer", "*pōteh*": "opening wide/enticing/persuading", "*śəpātāyw*": "his lips/speech", "*titʿārāb*": "associate yourself/get involved with/mix with" } }
  • Prov 29:5 : 5 { "verseID": "Proverbs.29.5", "source": "גֶּ֭בֶר מַחֲלִ֣יק עַל־רֵעֵ֑הוּ רֶ֝֗שֶׁת פּוֹרֵ֥שׂ עַל־פְּעָמָֽיו׃", "text": "*geḇer* *maḥălîq* *ʿal*-*rēʿēhû* *rešet* *pôrēś* *ʿal*-*pəʿāmāyw*", "grammar": { "*geḇer*": "noun, masculine singular - man/strong man", "*maḥălîq*": "hiphil participle, masculine singular - making smooth/flattering", "*ʿal*": "preposition - upon/concerning", "*rēʿēhû*": "noun, masculine singular + 3rd masculine singular suffix - his neighbor/friend", "*rešet*": "noun, feminine singular - net/snare", "*pôrēś*": "qal participle, masculine singular - spreading/stretching", "*ʿal*": "preposition - upon/over", "*pəʿāmāyw*": "noun, feminine plural + 3rd masculine singular suffix - his steps/feet" }, "variants": { "*geḇer*": "man/strong man", "*maḥălîq*": "flattering/making smooth/speaking smoothly to", "*ʿal-rēʿēhû*": "to his neighbor/concerning his friend", "*rešet*": "net/snare/trap", "*pôrēś*": "spreads/stretches out", "*ʿal-pəʿāmāyw*": "over his steps/for his feet/in his path" } }
  • Jer 9:2-6 : 2 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.9.2", "source": "וַֽיַּדְרְכ֤וּ אֶת־לְשׁוֹנָם֙ קַשְׁתָּ֣ם שֶׁ֔קֶר וְלֹ֥א לֶאֱמוּנָ֖ה גָּבְר֣וּ בָאָ֑רֶץ כִּי֩ מֵרָעָ֨ה אֶל־רָעָ֧ה ׀ יָצָ֛אוּ וְאֹתִ֥י לֹֽא־יָדָ֖עוּ נְאֻם־יְהוָֽה׃", "text": "*wayyadrĕkû* *'et*-*lĕšônām* *qaštām* *šeqer* *wĕlō'* for-*'ĕmûnāh* *gābrû* in-the-*'āreṣ* *kî* from-*rā'āh* to-*rā'āh* *yāṣā'û* *wĕ'ōtî* *lō'*-*yādā'û* *nĕ'um*-*YHWH*", "grammar": { "*wayyadrĕkû*": "waw consecutive + imperfect verb, 3rd person masculine plural - and they bend/draw", "*'et*": "direct object marker", "*lĕšônām*": "feminine noun with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - their tongue", "*qaštām*": "feminine noun with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - their bow", "*šeqer*": "masculine noun - falsehood/lie", "*wĕlō'*": "conjunction + negative particle - and not", "*'ĕmûnāh*": "feminine noun with prefixed preposition - for faithfulness/truth", "*gābrû*": "perfect verb, 3rd person masculine plural - they have grown strong/prevailed", "*'āreṣ*": "feminine noun with prefixed preposition - in the land", "*kî*": "conjunction - for/because", "*rā'āh*": "feminine noun with prefixed preposition - from evil/wickedness", "*yāṣā'û*": "perfect verb, 3rd person masculine plural - they have gone out/proceeded", "*wĕ'ōtî*": "conjunction + direct object marker with 1st person singular suffix - and me", "*lō'-yādā'û*": "negative particle + perfect verb, 3rd person masculine plural - they have not known", "*nĕ'um-YHWH*": "construct phrase - declaration of YHWH" }, "variants": { "*wayyadrĕkû*": "and they bend/draw/stretch", "*lĕšônām*": "their tongue/language/speech", "*qaštām*": "their bow/weapon", "*šeqer*": "falsehood/lie/deception", "*'ĕmûnāh*": "faithfulness/truth/reliability", "*gābrû*": "they have grown strong/prevailed/been mighty", "*'āreṣ*": "land/earth/ground", "*rā'āh*": "evil/wickedness/calamity", "*yāṣā'û*": "they have gone out/proceeded/departed", "*yādā'û*": "they have known/acknowledged/recognized", "*nĕ'um*": "declaration/oracle/utterance" } } 3 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.9.3", "source": "אִ֤ישׁ מֵרֵעֵ֙הוּ֙ הִשָּׁמֵ֔רוּ וְעַל־כָּל־אָ֖ח אַל־תִּבְטָ֑חוּ כִּ֤י כָל־אָח֙ עָק֣וֹב יַעְקֹ֔ב וְכָל־רֵ֖עַ רָכִ֥יל יַהֲלֹֽךְ׃", "text": "*'îš* from-*rē'ēhû* *hiššāmērû* *wĕ'al*-*kol*-*'āḥ* *'al*-*tibṭāḥû* *kî* *kol*-*'āḥ* *'āqôb* *ya'qōb* *wĕkol*-*rēa'* *rākîl* *yahălōk*", "grammar": { "*'îš*": "masculine noun, singular - man/each person", "*rē'ēhû*": "masculine noun with 3rd person masculine singular suffix and prefixed preposition - from his neighbor", "*hiššāmērû*": "imperative verb, 2nd person masculine plural, niphal - be on guard/beware", "*wĕ'al*": "conjunction + preposition - and against", "*kol*": "noun, construct state - all of/every", "*'āḥ*": "masculine noun - brother", "*'al-tibṭāḥû*": "negative particle + imperfect verb, 2nd person masculine plural, jussive - do not trust", "*kî*": "conjunction - for/because", "*'āqôb*": "infinitive absolute - supplanting/deceiving", "*ya'qōb*": "imperfect verb, 3rd person masculine singular - he will supplant/deceive", "*wĕkol*": "conjunction + noun, construct state - and every", "*rēa'*": "masculine noun - friend/neighbor", "*rākîl*": "masculine noun - slanderer/talebearer", "*yahălōk*": "imperfect verb, 3rd person masculine singular - he will walk/go about" }, "variants": { "*'îš*": "man/each person/anyone", "*rē'ēhû*": "his neighbor/friend/companion", "*hiššāmērû*": "be on guard/beware/take heed", "*'āḥ*": "brother/kinsman/relative", "*tibṭāḥû*": "trust/have confidence in/rely on", "*'āqôb ya'qōb*": "utterly deceives/thoroughly supplants/completely betrays (emphatic construction)", "*rēa'*": "friend/neighbor/companion", "*rākîl*": "slanderer/talebearer/gossiper", "*yahălōk*": "walks/goes about/proceeds" } } 4 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.9.4", "source": "וְאִ֤ישׁ בְּרֵעֵ֙הוּ֙ יְהָתֵ֔לּוּ וֶאֱמֶ֖ת לֹ֣א יְדַבֵּ֑רוּ לִמְּד֧וּ לְשׁוֹנָ֛ם דַּבֶּר־שֶׁ֖קֶר הַעֲוֵ֥ה נִלְאֽוּ׃", "text": "*wĕ'îš* against-*rē'ēhû* *yĕhātēllû* *we'ĕmet* *lō'* *yĕdabbērû* *limdû* *lĕšônām* *dabber*-*šeqer* *ha'ăwēh* *nil'û*", "grammar": { "*wĕ'îš*": "conjunction + masculine noun, singular - and each man", "*rē'ēhû*": "masculine noun with 3rd person masculine singular suffix and prefixed preposition - against his neighbor", "*yĕhātēllû*": "imperfect verb, 3rd person masculine plural, piel - they deceive/mock", "*we'ĕmet*": "conjunction + feminine noun - and truth", "*lō'*": "negative particle - not", "*yĕdabbērû*": "imperfect verb, 3rd person masculine plural, piel - they speak", "*limdû*": "perfect verb, 3rd person common plural - they have taught", "*lĕšônām*": "feminine noun with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - their tongue", "*dabber*": "infinitive construct, piel - to speak", "*šeqer*": "masculine noun - falsehood/lie", "*ha'ăwēh*": "infinitive absolute, hiphil - acting perversely", "*nil'û*": "perfect verb, 3rd person common plural, niphal - they are weary/exhausted" }, "variants": { "*rē'ēhû*": "his neighbor/friend/companion", "*yĕhātēllû*": "they deceive/mock/delude", "*'ĕmet*": "truth/faithfulness/reliability", "*yĕdabbērû*": "they speak/tell/declare", "*limdû*": "they have taught/trained/instructed", "*lĕšônām*": "their tongue/language/speech", "*dabber*": "to speak/tell/say", "*šeqer*": "falsehood/lie/deception", "*ha'ăwēh*": "acting perversely/committing iniquity/doing wrong", "*nil'û*": "they are weary/exhausted/tired" } } 5 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.9.5", "source": "שִׁבְתְּךָ֖ בְּת֣וֹךְ מִרְמָ֑ה בְּמִרְמָ֛ה מֵאֲנ֥וּ דַֽעַת־אוֹתִ֖י נְאֻם־יְהוָֽה׃", "text": "*šibtĕkā* *bĕtôk* *mirmāh* *bĕmirmāh* *mē'ănû* *da'at*-*'ôtî* *nĕ'um*-*YHWH*", "grammar": { "*šibtĕkā*": "infinitive construct with 2nd person masculine singular suffix - your dwelling", "*bĕtôk*": "preposition - in the midst of", "*mirmāh*": "feminine noun - deceit/treachery", "*bĕmirmāh*": "feminine noun with prefixed preposition - in/through deceit", "*mē'ănû*": "perfect verb, 3rd person common plural - they have refused", "*da'at*": "infinitive construct - to know", "*'ôtî*": "direct object marker with 1st person singular suffix - me", "*nĕ'um-YHWH*": "construct phrase - declaration of YHWH" }, "variants": { "*šibtĕkā*": "your dwelling/living/sitting", "*bĕtôk*": "in the midst of/among/within", "*mirmāh*": "deceit/treachery/fraud", "*mē'ănû*": "they have refused/rejected/declined", "*da'at*": "to know/acknowledge/recognize", "*nĕ'um*": "declaration/oracle/utterance" } } 6 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.9.6", "source": "לָכֵ֗ן כֹּ֤ה אָמַר֙ יְהוָ֣ה צְבָא֔וֹת הִנְנִ֥י צוֹרְפָ֖ם וּבְחַנְתִּ֑ים כִּֽי־אֵ֣יךְ אֶעֱשֶׂ֔ה מִפְּנֵ֖י בַּת־עַמִּֽי׃", "text": "*lākēn* thus *'āmar* *YHWH* *ṣĕbā'ôt* *hinĕnî* *ṣôrĕpām* *ûbĕḥantîm* *kî*-how *'e'ĕśeh* from-*pĕnê* *bat*-*'ammî*", "grammar": { "*lākēn*": "adverb - therefore", "*'āmar*": "perfect verb, 3rd person masculine singular - he has said", "*YHWH*": "divine name", "*ṣĕbā'ôt*": "feminine plural noun - of hosts/armies", "*hinĕnî*": "interjection with 1st person singular suffix - behold me", "*ṣôrĕpām*": "participle, masculine singular with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - refining them", "*ûbĕḥantîm*": "conjunction + perfect verb, 1st person singular with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - and I will test them", "*kî*": "conjunction - for/because", "*'e'ĕśeh*": "imperfect verb, 1st person singular - I will do", "*pĕnê*": "masculine plural noun, construct state with prefixed preposition - from the face of", "*bat*": "feminine noun, construct state - daughter of", "*'ammî*": "masculine noun with 1st person singular suffix - my people" }, "variants": { "*lākēn*": "therefore/thus/for this reason", "*'āmar*": "said/spoke/declared", "*ṣĕbā'ôt*": "of hosts/armies/multitudes", "*hinĕnî*": "behold me/look, I am/here I am", "*ṣôrĕpām*": "refining them/smelting them/purifying them", "*ûbĕḥantîm*": "and I will test them/try them/examine them", "*'e'ĕśeh*": "I will do/act/perform", "*pĕnê*": "face of/presence of/because of", "*bat-'ammî*": "daughter of my people (collective term for the people)" } }
  • Ps 36:3-4 : 3 { "verseID": "Psalms.36.3", "source": "כִּֽי־הֶחֱלִ֣יק אֵלָ֣יו בְּעֵינָ֑יו לִמְצֹ֖א עֲוֺנ֣וֹ לִשְׂנֹֽא׃", "text": "For *heḥĕlîq* to him in *ʿênāyw* to *mᵊṣōʾ* *ʿăwōnô* to *śᵊnōʾ*", "grammar": { "*heḥĕlîq*": "hiphil perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - he made smooth/flattered", "*ʿênāyw*": "feminine, dual construct with 3rd person masculine singular suffix (his) with prefixed preposition בְּ (in)", "*mᵊṣōʾ*": "qal infinitive construct with prefixed preposition לְ (to/for) - to find", "*ʿăwōnô*": "masculine, singular with 3rd person masculine singular suffix (his) - his iniquity", "*śᵊnōʾ*": "qal infinitive construct with prefixed preposition לְ (to/for) - to hate" }, "variants": { "*heḥĕlîq*": "flattered/made smooth/deceived", "*ʿênāyw*": "his eyes/in his sight", "*mᵊṣōʾ*": "to find/discover", "*ʿăwōnô*": "his iniquity/guilt/sin", "*śᵊnōʾ*": "to hate/abhor" } } 4 { "verseID": "Psalms.36.4", "source": "דִּבְרֵי־פִ֭יו אָ֣וֶן וּמִרְמָ֑ה חָדַ֖ל לְהַשְׂכִּ֣יל לְהֵיטִֽיב׃", "text": "*dibrê*-*pîw* *ʾāwen* *ûmirmâ* *ḥādal* *lᵊhaśkîl* *lᵊhêṭîb*", "grammar": { "*dibrê*": "masculine, plural construct - words of", "*pîw*": "masculine, singular with 3rd person masculine singular suffix (his) - his mouth", "*ʾāwen*": "masculine, singular - wickedness", "*ûmirmâ*": "feminine, singular with prefixed conjunction וּ (and) - and deceit", "*ḥādal*": "qal perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - he ceased", "*lᵊhaśkîl*": "hiphil infinitive construct with prefixed preposition לְ (to) - to be prudent/understand", "*lᵊhêṭîb*": "hiphil infinitive construct with prefixed preposition לְ (to) - to do good" }, "variants": { "*dibrê*": "words/speech", "*pîw*": "his mouth", "*ʾāwen*": "wickedness/iniquity/trouble", "*mirmâ*": "deceit/treachery/fraud", "*ḥādal*": "ceased/stopped/abandoned", "*lᵊhaśkîl*": "to be wise/act wisely/understand", "*lᵊhêṭîb*": "to do good/act well" } }
  • Ps 38:12 : 12 { "verseID": "Psalms.38.12", "source": "אֹֽהֲבַ֨י ׀ וְרֵעַ֗י מִנֶּ֣גֶד נִגְעִ֣י יַעֲמֹ֑דוּ וּ֝קְרוֹבַ֗י מֵרָחֹ֥ק עָמָֽדוּ׃", "text": "*'ōhăḇay* and *rē'ay* from before *niḡ'î* *ya'ămōḏû* and *qərôḇay* from *rāḥōq* *'āmāḏû*", "grammar": { "*'ōhăḇay*": "plural participle with 1st person singular suffix - my lovers/friends", "*rē'ay*": "plural noun with 1st person singular suffix - my companions", "*niḡ'î*": "noun with 1st person singular suffix - my plague/wound", "*ya'ămōḏû*": "qal imperfect 3rd person plural - they stand", "*qərôḇay*": "plural adjective with 1st person singular suffix - my near ones/relatives", "*rāḥōq*": "adverb/noun - far away/distance", "*'āmāḏû*": "qal perfect 3rd person plural - they have stood" }, "variants": { "*'ōhăḇ*": "lover/friend/one who loves", "*rēa'*": "companion/friend/fellow", "*neḡa'*": "plague/wound/stroke", "*'āmaḏ*": "stand/remain/endure", "*qārôḇ*": "near one/relative/kinsman", "*rāḥōq*": "far/distant/remote" } }
  • Ps 52:1-4 : 1 { "verseID": "Psalms.52.1", "source": "לַמְנַצֵּ֗חַ מַשְׂכִּ֥יל לְדָוִֽד׃", "text": "To the *měnaṣṣēaḥ*, a *maśkîl* of *Dāwid*.", "grammar": { "*lǎ-*": "preposition 'to/for' with definite article", "*měnaṣṣēaḥ*": "participle, masculine singular, Piel form - director/choirmaster/chief musician", "*maśkîl*": "noun, masculine singular - skillful composition/contemplative poem/instruction", "*lě-*": "preposition 'to/for/of'", "*Dāwid*": "proper noun - David" }, "variants": { "*měnaṣṣēaḥ*": "choirmaster/chief musician/conductor/victor", "*maśkîl*": "contemplative poem/skillful composition/instruction/didactic psalm" } } 2 { "verseID": "Psalms.52.2", "source": "בְּב֤וֹא ׀ דּוֹאֵ֣ג הָאֲדֹמִי֮ וַיַּגֵּ֢ד לְשָׁ֫א֥וּל וַיֹּ֥אמֶר ל֑וֹ בָּ֥א דָ֝וִ֗ד אֶל־בֵּ֥ית אֲחִימֶֽלֶךְ׃", "text": "In the *bôʾ* of *Dôʾēg* the *ʾĕdômî* and he *wayyaggēd* to *Šāʾûl* and he *wayyōʾmer* to him, *bāʾ* *Dāwid* to-house of *ʾĂḥîmelek*.", "grammar": { "*bě-*": "preposition 'in/when'", "*bôʾ*": "infinitive construct, Qal - coming/entering", "*Dôʾēg*": "proper noun - Doeg", "*hā-*": "definite article 'the'", "*ʾĕdômî*": "adjective, masculine singular - Edomite", "*wa-*": "conjunction 'and'", "*yaggēd*": "imperfect, 3rd masculine singular, Hifil with waw-consecutive - he told/reported", "*lě-*": "preposition 'to'", "*Šāʾûl*": "proper noun - Saul", "*yōʾmer*": "imperfect, 3rd masculine singular, Qal with waw-consecutive - he said", "*lô*": "preposition with 3rd masculine singular suffix - to him", "*bāʾ*": "perfect, 3rd masculine singular, Qal - came/entered", "*Dāwid*": "proper noun - David", "*ʾel-*": "preposition 'to/toward'", "*bêt*": "construct form of 'house'", "*ʾĂḥîmelek*": "proper noun - Ahimelech" }, "variants": { "*bôʾ*": "coming/entering/arriving", "*wayyaggēd*": "reported/told/informed", "*wayyōʾmer*": "said/declared/spoke", "*bāʾ*": "came/entered/arrived" } } 3 { "verseID": "Psalms.52.3", "source": "מַה־תִּתְהַלֵּ֣ל בְּ֭רָעָה הַגִּבּ֑וֹר חֶ֥סֶד אֵ֝֗ל כָּל־הַיּֽוֹם׃", "text": "Why *tithallēl* in *rāʿāh*, O *gibbôr*? *ḥesed* of *ʾēl* all-the-*yôm*.", "grammar": { "*mah-*": "interrogative particle 'why/what'", "*tithallēl*": "imperfect, 2nd masculine singular, Hitpael - you boast/glory", "*bě-*": "preposition 'in'", "*rāʿāh*": "noun, feminine singular - evil/wickedness", "*ha-*": "definite article 'the'", "*gibbôr*": "noun/adjective, masculine singular - mighty one/hero/warrior", "*ḥesed*": "noun, masculine singular - lovingkindness/steadfast love/mercy", "*ʾēl*": "noun, masculine singular - God/deity", "*kol-*": "construct 'all of'", "*ha-*": "definite article 'the'", "*yôm*": "noun, masculine singular - day" }, "variants": { "*tithallēl*": "boast yourself/glory/praise yourself", "*rāʿāh*": "evil/wickedness/misfortune/calamity", "*gibbôr*": "mighty one/warrior/hero/tyrant", "*ḥesed*": "lovingkindness/steadfast love/mercy/covenant loyalty", "*ʾēl*": "God/Mighty One/deity" } } 4 { "verseID": "Psalms.52.4", "source": "הַ֭וּוֹת תַּחְשֹׁ֣ב לְשׁוֹנֶ֑ךָ כְּתַ֥עַר מְ֝לֻטָּ֗שׁ עֹשֵׂ֥ה רְמִיָּֽה׃", "text": "*hawwôt* *taḥšōb* your-*lāšôn*, like-*taʿar* *měluttāš* *ʿōśēh* *rěmiyyâ*.", "grammar": { "*hawwôt*": "noun, feminine plural - destruction/calamities/mischief", "*taḥšōb*": "imperfect, 2nd masculine singular, Qal - you devise/plan/think", "*lěšôn*": "noun, feminine singular - tongue/language", "*-ěkā*": "possessive suffix, 2nd masculine singular - your", "*kě-*": "preposition 'like/as'", "*taʿar*": "noun, masculine singular - razor", "*měluttāš*": "participle, masculine singular, Pual - sharpened", "*ʿōśēh*": "participle, masculine singular, Qal - making/doing/working", "*rěmiyyâ*": "noun, feminine singular - deceit/treachery" }, "variants": { "*hawwôt*": "destructions/disasters/calamities/mischief", "*taḥšōb*": "devise/plan/think/plot", "*lāšôn*": "tongue/language/speech", "*taʿar*": "razor/knife", "*měluttāš*": "sharpened/polished", "*ʿōśēh*": "making/doing/working/practicing", "*rěmiyyâ*": "deceit/treachery/deception/fraud" } }
  • Ps 55:21 : 21 { "verseID": "Psalms.55.21", "source": "שָׁלַ֣ח יָ֭דָיו בִּשְׁלֹמָ֗יו חִלֵּ֥ל בְּרִיתֽוֹ׃", "text": "He *šālaḥ yādāyw* against *šəlōmāyw ḥillēl bərîtô*", "grammar": { "*šālaḥ*": "qal perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - he has sent", "*yādāyw*": "feminine dual noun with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his hands", "*šəlōmāyw*": "masculine plural noun with 3rd person masculine singular suffix and prefixed preposition beth (against) - against his friends", "*ḥillēl*": "piel perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - he has profaned", "*bərîtô*": "feminine singular noun with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his covenant" }, "variants": { "*šālaḥ*": "he has sent/he stretched forth/he put forth", "*yādāyw*": "his hands", "*šəlōmāyw*": "his friends/those at peace with him/his allies", "*ḥillēl*": "he has profaned/he has violated/he has broken", "*bərîtô*": "his covenant/his agreement" } }
  • Ps 59:12 : 12 { "verseID": "Psalms.59.12", "source": "אַל־תַּהַרְגֵ֤ם ׀ פֶּֽן־יִשְׁכְּח֬וּ עַמִּ֗י הֲנִיעֵ֣מוֹ בְ֭חֵילְךָ וְהוֹרִידֵ֑מוֹ מָֽגִנֵּ֣נוּ אֲדֹנָֽי׃", "text": "*ʾal*-*tahargēm* lest they *yiškĕḥû* *ʿammî* make them *hănîʿēmô* with *ḥêlĕkā* and bring them down *hôrîdēmô* our *māginnēnû* *ʾădōnāy*.", "grammar": { "*tahargēm*": "Qal imperfect, 2nd masculine singular with 3rd masculine plural suffix and negative particle ʾal- - do not kill them", "*yiškĕḥû*": "Qal imperfect, 3rd plural with conjunction pen- - lest they forget", "*ʿammî*": "masculine singular noun with 1st person singular suffix - my people", "*hănîʿēmô*": "Hiphil imperative, masculine singular with 3rd masculine plural suffix - cause them to wander/shake them", "*ḥêlĕkā*": "masculine noun with 2nd masculine singular suffix and preposition bə- - with your power", "*hôrîdēmô*": "Hiphil imperative, masculine singular with 3rd masculine plural suffix and conjunction wə- - and bring them down", "*māginnēnû*": "masculine noun with 1st person plural suffix - our shield", "*ʾădōnāy*": "divine title - my Lord/master" }, "variants": { "*hănîʿēmô*": "cause them to wander/shake them/make them stagger", "*ḥêlĕkā*": "your power/your strength/your army", "*māginnēnû*": "our shield/our defense/our protection" } }
  • Ps 62:4 : 4 { "verseID": "Psalms.62.4", "source": "עַד־אָ֤נָה ׀ תְּה֥וֹתְת֣וּ עַל אִישׁ֮ תְּרָצְּח֢וּ כֻ֫לְּכֶ֥ם כְּקִ֥יר נָט֑וּי גָּ֝דֵ֗ר הַדְּחוּֽיָה׃", "text": "Until when *tĕhôtĕtû* upon *ʾîsh*, *tĕrāṣṣĕḥû* all of you, like a *qîr* *nāṭûy*, a *gādēr* that is *haddĕḥûyâ*?", "grammar": { "*tĕhôtĕtû*": "2nd person masculine plural polel imperfect - you attack/rush upon/set upon", "*ʾîsh*": "masculine singular noun with preposition '*ʿal*' (upon/against) - man", "*tĕrāṣṣĕḥû*": "2nd person masculine plural piel imperfect - you murder/kill/slay", "*qîr*": "masculine singular noun with prefixed preposition 'like/as' - wall", "*nāṭûy*": "masculine singular passive participle - leaning/tottering/bowing", "*gādēr*": "masculine singular noun - fence/wall", "*haddĕḥûyâ*": "feminine singular passive participle with definite article - pushed/thrust down/tottering" }, "variants": { "*tĕhôtĕtû*": "rush upon/attack/assail/set upon", "*ʾîsh*": "man/person/husband/human", "*tĕrāṣṣĕḥû*": "murder/kill/slay/break down", "*qîr*": "wall/side", "*nāṭûy*": "leaning/tottering/inclined/about to fall", "*gādēr*": "fence/wall/barrier", "*haddĕḥûyâ*": "pushed down/overthrown/toppling/thrust down" } }
  • 1 Thess 2:5 : 5 { "verseID": "1 Thessalonians.2.5", "source": "Οὔτε γάρ ποτε ἐν λόγῳ κολακείας ἐγενήθημεν, καθὼς οἴδατε, οὔτε ἐν προφάσει πλεονεξίας· Θεὸς μάρτυς:", "text": "*Oute* *gar* *pote* in *logō* of *kolakeias* we *egenēthēmen*, *kathōs* *oidate*, *oute* in *prophasei* of *pleonexias*; *Theos* *martys*:", "grammar": { "*Oute*": "negative conjunction - neither/nor", "*gar*": "postpositive particle - for/because", "*pote*": "temporal adverb - ever/at any time", "*logō*": "dative, masculine, singular - word/speech", "*kolakeias*": "genitive, feminine, singular - flattery", "*egenēthēmen*": "aorist passive indicative, 1st person plural - we were/became", "*kathōs*": "comparative adverb - just as/according as", "*oidate*": "perfect active indicative, 2nd person plural - you know", "*prophasei*": "dative, feminine, singular - pretext/excuse", "*pleonexias*": "genitive, feminine, singular - greed/covetousness", "*Theos*": "nominative, masculine, singular - God", "*martys*": "nominative, masculine, singular - witness" }, "variants": { "*egenēthēmen*": "we were/became/appeared/came", "*prophasei*": "pretext/excuse/pretense", "*pleonexias*": "greed/covetousness/avarice" } }