Verse 16
{ "verseID": "Psalms.35.16", "source": "בְּ֭חַנְפֵי לַעֲגֵ֣י מָע֑וֹג חָרֹ֖ק עָלַ֣י שִׁנֵּֽימוֹ׃", "text": "*Bə*-*ḥanpêy* *laʿăgêy* *māʿôg*, *ḥārōq* *ʿālay* *šinnêymô*.", "grammar": { "*Bə*": "preposition - with", "*ḥanpêy*": "noun, masculine plural construct - hypocrites of", "*laʿăgêy*": "noun, masculine plural construct - mockers of", "*māʿôg*": "noun, masculine singular - cake/food", "*ḥārōq*": "infinitive absolute - gnashing", "*ʿālay*": "preposition with 1st person singular suffix - against me", "*šinnêymô*": "noun, feminine plural construct with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - their teeth" }, "variants": { "*ḥanpêy*": "hypocrites/profane ones/godless people", "*laʿăgêy*": "mockers/scorners/those who deride", "*māʿôg*": "cake/food/feast", "*ḥārōq*": "gnashing/grinding", "*šinnêymô*": "their teeth" } }
Other Translations
GT, oversatt fra Hebraisk
Med hyklende spott kom de, de gnisslet tenner mot meg.
Moderne oversettelse av Bibelen fra 1611 KJV med hebraisk kontekst
Med hyklerske spottere ved fest, skar de tenner mot meg.
Norsk King James
Med hyklerske spottere i festligheter, gnagde de mot meg med sine tenner.
Modernisert Norsk Bibel 1866
Med en mengde av hånende som skar med sine tenner mot meg.
Oversettelse av hebraiske Bibeltekster til moderne norsk bokmål
De hånte meg ondskapsfullt, de skjærte tenner mot meg.
Bibelen: En Moderne Oversettelse av King James Version 1611
Med hyklerske spottere ved fester, gnisset de tennene mot meg.
o3-mini KJV Norsk
Under festene, med hyklersk og hånende latter, gnagde de med tennene mot meg.
En Moderne Oversettelse av King James Version 1611 (mar 2025)
Med hyklerske spottere ved fester, gnisset de tennene mot meg.
Lingvistisk bibeloversettelse fra grunntekst
Med hyklere og bespottende latter, knirket de med tennene mot meg.
Linguistic Bible Translation from Source Texts
Like godless mockers at a feast, they gnashed their teeth at me.
GT, oversatt fra hebraisk Aug2024
Med hyklersk gnisning skar de tenner mot meg.
Original Norsk Bibel 1866
Iblandt Øienskalke, som bespotte for en Kages Skyld, skare de med deres Tænder over mig.
King James Version 1769 (Standard Version)
With hypocritical mockers in feasts, they gnashed upon me with their teeth.
KJV 1769 norsk
Med hyklerske spott på festene, gnisset de tenner mot meg.
KJV1611 - Moderne engelsk
With hypocritical mockers in feasts, they gnashed upon me with their teeth.
King James Version 1611 (Original)
With hypocritical mockers in feasts, they gnashed upon me with their teeth.
Norsk oversettelse av Webster
Som vanhellige spottere under fester, skar de tenner mot meg.
Norsk oversettelse av Youngs Literal Translation
Med hyklere, de håner i fest, skjærer tenner mot meg.
Norsk oversettelse av ASV1901
Som spottere ved en fest, skjerder de meg med sine tenner.
Norsk oversettelse av BBE
Som bedragere gjorde de meg til skamme; deres vrede mot meg var høylytt.
Coverdale Bible (1535)
With ye gredy & scornefull ypocrites, they gna?shed vpon me with theirteth.
Geneva Bible (1560)
With the false skoffers at bankets, gnashing their teeth against me.
Bishops' Bible (1568)
With hypocrites, scoffers, and parasites: they gnashed vpon me with their teeth.
Authorized King James Version (1611)
With hypocritical mockers in feasts, they gnashed upon me with their teeth.
Webster's Bible (1833)
Like the profane mockers in feasts, They gnashed their teeth at me.
Young's Literal Translation (1862/1898)
With profane ones, mockers in feasts, Gnashing against me their teeth.
American Standard Version (1901)
Like the profane mockers in feasts, They gnashed upon me with their teeth.
Bible in Basic English (1941)
Like men of deceit they put me to shame; the voice of their wrath was loud against me.
World English Bible (2000)
Like the profane mockers in feasts, they gnashed their teeth at me.
NET Bible® (New English Translation)
When I tripped, they taunted me relentlessly, and tried to bite me.
Referenced Verses
- Lam 2:16 : 16 { "verseID": "Lamentations.2.16", "source": "פָּצ֨וּ עָלַ֤יִךְ פִּיהֶם֙ כָּל־א֣וֹיְבַ֔יִךְ שָֽׁרְקוּ֙ וַיַּֽחַרְקוּ־שֵׁ֔ן אָמְר֖וּ בִּלָּ֑עְנוּ אַ֣ךְ זֶ֥ה הַיּ֛וֹם שֶׁקִּוִּינֻ֖הוּ מָצָ֥אנוּ רָאִֽינוּ׃", "text": "*pāṣû* upon-you *pîhem* all-*ʾôyəḇayiḵ* *šārəqû* and-*wayyaḥarqû*-*šēn* *ʾāmərû* *billāʿnû* surely this the-*yôm* that-*šeqqiwwînuhû* *māṣāʾnû* *rāʾînû*", "grammar": { "*pāṣû*": "qal perfect, 3rd common plural - they have opened wide", "*ʿālayiḵ*": "preposition + 2nd feminine singular suffix - against you", "*pîhem*": "noun, masculine singular + 3rd masculine plural suffix - their mouth", "*kol-ʾôyəḇayiḵ*": "noun, masculine singular construct + qal participle, masculine plural + 2nd feminine singular suffix - all your enemies", "*šārəqû*": "qal perfect, 3rd common plural - they have hissed", "*wayyaḥarqû-šēn*": "conjunction + qal imperfect, 3rd masculine plural + noun, feminine singular - and they have gnashed teeth", "*ʾāmərû*": "qal perfect, 3rd common plural - they have said", "*billāʿnû*": "piel perfect, 1st common plural - we have swallowed her", "*ʾaḵ*": "adverb - surely/indeed", "*zeh*": "demonstrative pronoun, masculine singular - this", "*hayyôm*": "definite article + noun, masculine singular - the day", "*šeqqiwwînuhû*": "relative particle + piel perfect, 1st common plural + 3rd masculine singular suffix - that we have waited for it", "*māṣāʾnû*": "qal perfect, 1st common plural - we have found", "*rāʾînû*": "qal perfect, 1st common plural - we have seen" }, "variants": { "*pāṣû*": "open wide/gape", "*ʾôyəḇayiḵ*": "enemies/foes/adversaries", "*šārəqû*": "hiss/whistle (in mockery)", "*wayyaḥarqû-šēn*": "gnash teeth/grind teeth", "*billāʿnû*": "swallow up/devour/destroy", "*qiwwînuhû*": "wait for/hope for/expect" } }
- Job 16:9 : 9 { "verseID": "Job.16.9", "source": "אַפּ֤וֹ טָרַ֨ף ׀ וַֽיִּשְׂטְמֵ֗נִי חָרַ֣ק עָלַ֣י בְּשִׁנָּ֑יו צָרִ֓י ׀ יִלְט֖וֹשׁ עֵינָ֣יו לִֽי׃", "text": "*ʾappô* *ṭārap* *wə-yiśṭəmēnî* *ḥāraq* *ʿālay* *bə-šinnāyw* *ṣārî* *yilṭôš* *ʿênāyw* *lî*", "grammar": { "*ʾappô*": "noun masculine singular + 3rd masculine singular suffix - his anger", "*ṭārap*": "Qal perfect 3rd masculine singular - he has torn", "*wə-yiśṭəmēnî*": "conjunction + Qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular + 1st singular suffix - and he hates me", "*ḥāraq*": "Qal perfect 3rd masculine singular - he gnashes", "*ʿālay*": "preposition + 1st singular suffix - against me", "*bə-šinnāyw*": "preposition + noun feminine plural + 3rd masculine singular suffix - with his teeth", "*ṣārî*": "noun masculine singular + 1st singular suffix - my adversary", "*yilṭôš*": "Qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - he sharpens", "*ʿênāyw*": "noun feminine dual + 3rd masculine singular suffix - his eyes", "*lî*": "preposition + 1st singular suffix - at me" }, "variants": { "*ʾappô*": "nose, anger, face", "*ṭārap*": "to tear, rend, pluck", "*yiśṭəmēnî*": "to hate, bear a grudge", "*ḥāraq*": "to gnash, grind", "*šinnāyw*": "teeth", "*ṣārî*": "adversary, enemy, foe", "*yilṭôš*": "to sharpen, whet", "*ʿênāyw*": "eyes" } }
- Ps 37:12 : 12 { "verseID": "Psalms.37.12", "source": "זֹמֵ֣ם רָ֭שָׁע לַצַּדִּ֑יק וְחֹרֵ֖ק עָלָ֣יו שִׁנָּֽיו׃", "text": "*zōmēm rāšāʿ* against *ṣaddîq*, and *ḥōrēq* upon him his *šinnāyw*.", "grammar": { "*zōmēm*": "Qal participle, masculine singular - plots/plans", "*rāšāʿ*": "masculine singular adjective/noun - wicked person", "*laṣṣaddîq*": "preposition + definite article + masculine singular adjective/noun - against the righteous person", "*ḥōrēq*": "Qal participle, masculine singular - gnashes", "*ʿālāyw*": "preposition + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - against him", "*šinnāyw*": "feminine plural noun + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his teeth" }, "variants": { "*zōmēm*": "plots/plans/schemes against", "*rāšāʿ*": "wicked person/evil one", "*ṣaddîq*": "righteous person/just one", "*ḥōrēq... šinnāyw*": "gnashes his teeth/grinds his teeth (in rage)" } }
- Isa 1:14-15 : 14 { "verseID": "Isaiah.1.14", "source": "חָדְשֵׁיכֶ֤ם וּמוֹעֲדֵיכֶם֙ שָׂנְאָ֣ה נַפְשִׁ֔י הָי֥וּ עָלַ֖י לָטֹ֑רַח נִלְאֵ֖יתִי נְשֹֽׂא׃", "text": "*ḥodšêkem* *ûmô'ădêkem* *śānᵉʾâ* *napšî* *hāyû* *'ālay* *lāṭōraḥ* *nilʾêtî* *nᵉśōʾ*", "grammar": { "*ḥodšêkem*": "noun, masculine plural + 2nd person masculine plural suffix - your new moons", "*ûmô'ădêkem*": "conjunction wə- + noun, masculine plural + 2nd person masculine plural suffix - and your appointed feasts", "*śānᵉʾâ*": "verb, qal perfect, 3rd person feminine singular - hates", "*napšî*": "noun, feminine singular + 1st person singular suffix - my soul", "*hāyû*": "verb, qal perfect, 3rd person plural - they are", "*'ālay*": "preposition 'al + 1st person singular suffix - upon me", "*lāṭōraḥ*": "preposition lᵉ- + noun, masculine singular - a burden", "*nilʾêtî*": "verb, niphal perfect, 1st person singular - I am weary", "*nᵉśōʾ*": "verb, qal infinitive construct - of bearing" }, "variants": { "*ḥodšêkem*": "your new moons/your monthly festivals", "*mô'ădêkem*": "your appointed feasts/festivals/sacred times", "*śānᵉʾâ*": "hates/detests/abhors", "*napšî*": "my soul/my innermost being/my life", "*lāṭōraḥ*": "a burden/trouble/weariness", "*nilʾêtî*": "I am weary/tired/exhausted", "*nᵉśōʾ*": "bearing/carrying/enduring" } } 15 { "verseID": "Isaiah.1.15", "source": "וּבְפָרִשְׂכֶ֣ם כַּפֵּיכֶ֗ם אַעְלִ֤ים עֵינַי֙ מִכֶּ֔ם גַּ֛ם כִּֽי־תַרְבּ֥וּ תְפִלָּ֖ה אֵינֶ֣נִּי שֹׁמֵ֑עַ יְדֵיכֶ֖ם דָּמִ֥ים מָלֵֽאוּ׃", "text": "*ûbᵉpāriśkem* *kappêkem* *ʾa'lîm* *'ênay* *mikkem* *gam* *kî*-*tarbû* *tᵉpillâ* *ʾênennî* *šōmēa'* *yᵉdêkem* *dāmîm* *mālēʾû*", "grammar": { "*ûbᵉpāriśkem*": "conjunction wə- + preposition bᵉ- + verb, piel infinitive construct + 2nd person masculine plural suffix - and when you spread out", "*kappêkem*": "noun, feminine dual + 2nd person masculine plural suffix - your palms/hands", "*ʾa'lîm*": "verb, hifil imperfect, 1st person singular - I will hide", "*'ênay*": "noun, feminine dual + 1st person singular suffix - my eyes", "*mikkem*": "preposition min + 2nd person masculine plural suffix - from you", "*gam*": "adverb - even/also", "*kî*": "conjunction - though/when", "*tarbû*": "verb, hifil imperfect, 2nd person masculine plural - you multiply", "*tᵉpillâ*": "noun, feminine singular - prayer", "*ʾênennî*": "negative particle + 1st person singular suffix - I am not", "*šōmēa'*": "participle, qal active, masculine singular - hearing/listening", "*yᵉdêkem*": "noun, feminine dual + 2nd person masculine plural suffix - your hands", "*dāmîm*": "noun, masculine plural - bloods/bloodshed", "*mālēʾû*": "verb, qal perfect, 3rd person plural - are full" }, "variants": { "*pāriśkem*": "spread out/stretch forth/extend", "*kappêkem*": "your palms/hands/open hands", "*ʾa'lîm*": "hide/conceal/avert", "*tarbû*": "multiply/increase/make many", "*tᵉpillâ*": "prayer/supplication/intercession", "*šōmēa'*": "hearing/listening/heeding", "*dāmîm*": "bloods/bloodshed/blood guilt" } }
- 1 Sam 20:24-42 : 24 { "verseID": "1 Samuel.20.24", "source": "וַיִּסָּתֵ֥ר דָּוִ֖ד בַּשָּׂדֶ֑ה וַיְהִ֣י הַחֹ֔דֶשׁ וַיֵּ֧שֶׁב הַמֶּ֛לֶךְ *על־**אֶל־הַלֶּ֖חֶם לֶאֱכֽוֹל׃", "text": "And *wayyissātēr* *dāwid* in-*haśśādeh*; and *wayehî* *haḥōdeš* and *wayyēšeb* *hammelek* *ʿal/ʾel*-*halleḥem* *leʾĕkôl*", "grammar": { "*wayyissātēr*": "verb, Niphal imperfect consecutive, 3rd person masculine singular - 'and he hid himself'", "*dāwid*": "proper name - 'David'", "*haśśādeh*": "noun, masculine singular with definite article - 'the field'", "*wayehî*": "verb, Qal imperfect consecutive, 3rd person masculine singular - 'and it was'", "*haḥōdeš*": "noun, masculine singular with definite article - 'the new moon/month'", "*wayyēšeb*": "verb, Qal imperfect consecutive, 3rd person masculine singular - 'and he sat'", "*hammelek*": "noun, masculine singular with definite article - 'the king'", "*ʿal/ʾel*": "preposition - 'to/at/upon' (text shows variant readings)", "*halleḥem*": "noun, masculine singular with definite article - 'the food/bread'", "*leʾĕkôl*": "preposition with Qal infinitive construct - 'to eat'" }, "variants": { "*wayyissātēr*": "and he hid himself/concealed himself", "*haśśādeh*": "the field/open country", "*haḥōdeš*": "the new moon/month/festival", "*wayyēšeb*": "and he sat/was seated", "*ʿal/ʾel*": "at/to/upon (textual variant in manuscript)" } } 25 { "verseID": "1 Samuel.20.25", "source": "וַיֵּ֣שֶׁב הַ֠מֶּלֶךְ עַל־מ֨וֹשָׁב֜וֹ כְּפַ֣עַם ׀ בְּפַ֗עַם אֶל־מוֹשַׁב֙ הַקִּ֔יר וַיָּ֙קָם֙ יְה֣וֹנָתָ֔ן וַיֵּ֥שֶׁב אַבְנֵ֖ר מִצַּ֣ד שָׁא֑וּל וַיִּפָּקֵ֖ד מְק֥וֹם דָּוִֽד׃", "text": "And *wayyēšeb* *hammelek* on-*môšābô* as-*paʿam* in-*paʿam* to-*môšab* *haqqîr* and *wayyāqom* *yehônātān* and *wayyēšeb* *ʾabnēr* from-*ṣad* *šāʾûl* and *wayyipāqēd* *meqôm* *dāwid*", "grammar": { "*wayyēšeb*": "verb, Qal imperfect consecutive, 3rd person masculine singular - 'and he sat'", "*hammelek*": "noun, masculine singular with definite article - 'the king'", "*môšābô*": "noun, masculine singular with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - 'his seat'", "*paʿam*": "noun, feminine singular - 'time/occurrence'", "*môšab*": "noun, masculine singular construct - 'seat of'", "*haqqîr*": "noun, masculine singular with definite article - 'the wall'", "*wayyāqom*": "verb, Qal imperfect consecutive, 3rd person masculine singular - 'and he arose'", "*yehônātān*": "proper name - 'Jonathan'", "*ʾabnēr*": "proper name - 'Abner'", "*ṣad*": "noun, masculine singular construct - 'side of'", "*šāʾûl*": "proper name - 'Saul'", "*wayyipāqēd*": "verb, Niphal imperfect consecutive, 3rd person masculine singular - 'and it was empty'", "*meqôm*": "noun, masculine singular construct - 'place of'", "*dāwid*": "proper name - 'David'" }, "variants": { "*wayyēšeb*": "and he sat/was seated", "*môšābô*": "his seat/place/position", "*paʿam* in-*paʿam*": "as at other times/as usual", "*môšab* *haqqîr*": "seat by the wall/wall-seat", "*wayyāqom*": "and he arose/stood up", "*ṣad*": "side/beside", "*wayyipāqēd*": "and was empty/vacant/missed" } } 26 { "verseID": "1 Samuel.20.26", "source": "וְלֹֽא־דִבֶּ֥ר שָׁא֛וּל מְא֖וּמָה בַּיּ֣וֹם הַה֑וּא כִּ֤י אָמַר֙ מִקְרֶ֣ה ה֔וּא בִּלְתִּ֥י טָה֛וֹר ה֖וּא כִּֽי־לֹ֥א טָהֽוֹר׃ ס", "text": "And *lōʾ*-*dibber* *šāʾûl* *meʾûmâ* in-*hayyôm* *hahûʾ* for *ʾāmar* *miqreh* he *biltî* *ṭāhôr* he for-*lōʾ* *ṭāhôr*", "grammar": { "*lōʾ*": "negative particle - 'not'", "*dibber*": "verb, Piel perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - 'he spoke'", "*šāʾûl*": "proper name - 'Saul'", "*meʾûmâ*": "noun, masculine singular - 'anything'", "*hayyôm*": "noun, masculine singular with definite article - 'the day'", "*hahûʾ*": "demonstrative pronoun, masculine singular - 'that'", "*ʾāmar*": "verb, Qal perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - 'he said/thought'", "*miqreh*": "noun, masculine singular - 'accident/chance occurrence'", "*biltî*": "adverb - 'not'", "*ṭāhôr*": "adjective, masculine singular - 'clean/pure'" }, "variants": { "*dibber*": "spoke/said", "*meʾûmâ*": "anything/something", "*miqreh*": "accident/chance event/something that happened", "*biltî* *ṭāhôr*": "not clean/unclean/impure", "*ṭāhôr*": "clean/pure/ritually acceptable" } } 27 { "verseID": "1 Samuel.20.27", "source": "וַיְהִ֗י מִֽמָּחֳרַ֤ת הַחֹ֙דֶשׁ֙ הַשֵּׁנִ֔י וַיִּפָּקֵ֖ד מְק֣וֹם דָּוִ֑ד ס וַיֹּ֤אמֶר שָׁאוּל֙ אֶל־יְהוֹנָתָ֣ן בְּנ֔וֹ מַדּ֜וּעַ לֹא־בָ֧א בֶן־יִשַׁ֛י גַּם־תְּמ֥וֹל גַּם־הַיּ֖וֹם אֶל־הַלָּֽחֶם׃", "text": "And *wayehî* from-*mimmāḥŏrat* *haḥōdeš* *haššēnî* and *wayyippāqēd* *meqôm* *dāwid* and *wayyōʾmer* *šāʾûl* to-*yehônātān* *benô* why *lōʾ*-came *ben*-*yišay* also-*temôl* also-*hayyôm* to-*hallāḥem*", "grammar": { "*wayehî*": "verb, Qal imperfect consecutive, 3rd person masculine singular - 'and it was'", "*mimmāḥŏrat*": "preposition with noun, feminine singular construct - 'from the next day of'", "*haḥōdeš*": "noun, masculine singular with definite article - 'the new moon/month'", "*haššēnî*": "adjective, masculine singular with definite article - 'the second'", "*wayyippāqēd*": "verb, Niphal imperfect consecutive, 3rd person masculine singular - 'and was empty'", "*meqôm*": "noun, masculine singular construct - 'place of'", "*dāwid*": "proper name - 'David'", "*wayyōʾmer*": "verb, Qal imperfect consecutive, 3rd person masculine singular - 'and he said'", "*šāʾûl*": "proper name - 'Saul'", "*yehônātān*": "proper name - 'Jonathan'", "*benô*": "noun, masculine singular with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - 'his son'", "*lōʾ*": "negative particle - 'not'", "*ben*": "noun, masculine singular construct - 'son of'", "*yišay*": "proper name - 'Jesse'", "*temôl*": "adverb - 'yesterday'", "*hayyôm*": "noun, masculine singular with definite article - 'the day/today'", "*hallāḥem*": "noun, masculine singular with definite article - 'the food/meal'" }, "variants": { "*mimmāḥŏrat*": "on the next day/morrow", "*haḥōdeš* *haššēnî*": "the second day of the new moon/the second new moon day", "*wayyippāqēd*": "was empty/vacant/missing", "*ben*-*yišay*": "son of Jesse (refers to David)", "*temôl*": "yesterday/before", "*hallāḥem*": "the meal/food/bread" } } 28 { "verseID": "1 Samuel.20.28", "source": "וַיַּ֥עַן יְהוֹנָתָ֖ן אֶת־שָׁא֑וּל נִשְׁאֹ֨ל נִשְׁאַ֥ל דָּוִ֛ד מֵעִמָּדִ֖י עַד־בֵּ֥ית לָֽחֶם׃", "text": "And *wayyaʿan* *yehônātān* *ʾet*-*šāʾûl* *nišʾōl* *nišʾal* *dāwid* from-with-me unto-*bêt* *lāḥem*", "grammar": { "*wayyaʿan*": "verb, Qal imperfect consecutive, 3rd person masculine singular - 'and he answered'", "*yehônātān*": "proper name - 'Jonathan'", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*šāʾûl*": "proper name - 'Saul'", "*nišʾōl*": "verb, Niphal infinitive absolute - 'asking'", "*nišʾal*": "verb, Niphal perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - 'he asked'", "*dāwid*": "proper name - 'David'", "*bêt*": "noun, masculine singular construct - 'house of'", "*lāḥem*": "proper name - 'Bethlehem'" }, "variants": { "*wayyaʿan*": "and he answered/replied", "*nišʾōl* *nišʾal*": "earnestly asked/urgently requested", "*bêt* *lāḥem*": "Bethlehem (lit. 'house of bread')" } } 29 { "verseID": "1 Samuel.20.29", "source": "וַיֹּ֡אמֶר שַׁלְּחֵ֣נִי נָ֡א כִּ֣י זֶבַח֩ מִשְׁפָּחָ֨ה לָ֜נוּ בָּעִ֗יר וְה֤וּא צִוָּֽה־לִי֙ אָחִ֔י וְעַתָּ֗ה אִם־מָצָ֤אתִי חֵן֙ בְּעֵינֶ֔יךָ אִמָּ֥לְטָה נָּ֖א וְאֶרְאֶ֣ה אֶת־אֶחָ֑י עַל־כֵּ֣ן לֹא־בָ֔א אֶל־שֻׁלְחַ֖ן הַמֶּֽלֶךְ׃ ס", "text": "And *wayyōʾmer* *šalleḥēnî* *nāʾ* for *zebaḥ* *mišpāḥâ* to-us in-*hāʿîr* and-he *ṣiwwâ*-to-me *ʾāḥî* and-now if-*māṣāʾtî* *ḥēn* in-*ʿênêkā* *ʾimmāleṭâ* *nāʾ* and-*ʾerʾeh* *ʾet*-*ʾeḥāy*; upon-thus *lōʾ*-came to-*šulḥan* *hammelek*", "grammar": { "*wayyōʾmer*": "verb, Qal imperfect consecutive, 3rd person masculine singular - 'and he said'", "*šalleḥēnî*": "verb, Piel imperative, masculine singular with 1st person singular suffix - 'let me go'", "*nāʾ*": "particle - 'please'", "*zebaḥ*": "noun, masculine singular construct - 'sacrifice of'", "*mišpāḥâ*": "noun, feminine singular - 'family'", "*hāʿîr*": "noun, feminine singular with definite article - 'the city'", "*ṣiwwâ*": "verb, Piel perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - 'he commanded'", "*ʾāḥî*": "noun, masculine singular with 1st person singular suffix - 'my brother'", "*māṣāʾtî*": "verb, Qal perfect, 1st person singular - 'I have found'", "*ḥēn*": "noun, masculine singular - 'favor'", "*ʿênêkā*": "noun, dual construct with 2nd person masculine singular suffix - 'your eyes'", "*ʾimmāleṭâ*": "verb, Niphal imperfect cohortative, 1st person singular - 'let me escape/slip away'", "*ʾerʾeh*": "verb, Qal imperfect cohortative, 1st person singular - 'let me see'", "*ʾeḥāy*": "noun, masculine plural with 1st person singular suffix - 'my brothers'", "*lōʾ*": "negative particle - 'not'", "*šulḥan*": "noun, masculine singular construct - 'table of'", "*hammelek*": "noun, masculine singular with definite article - 'the king'" }, "variants": { "*šalleḥēnî*": "let me go/send me", "*nāʾ*": "please/I pray", "*zebaḥ* *mišpāḥâ*": "family sacrifice/clan feast", "*ṣiwwâ*": "commanded/ordered", "*māṣāʾtî* *ḥēn* in-*ʿênêkā*": "I have found favor in your eyes/you regard me favorably", "*ʾimmāleṭâ*": "let me slip away/escape/depart", "*ʾerʾeh*": "let me see/visit", "*šulḥan*": "table/feast" } } 30 { "verseID": "1 Samuel.20.30", "source": "וַיִּֽחַר־אַ֤ף שָׁאוּל֙ בִּיה֣וֹנָתָ֔ן וַיֹּ֣אמֶר ל֔וֹ בֶּֽן־נַעֲוַ֖ת הַמַּרְדּ֑וּת הֲל֣וֹא יָדַ֗עְתִּי כִּֽי־בֹחֵ֤ר אַתָּה֙ לְבֶן־יִשַׁ֔י לְבָ֨שְׁתְּךָ֔ וּלְבֹ֖שֶׁת עֶרְוַ֥ת אִמֶּֽךָ׃", "text": "And *wayyiḥar*-*ʾap̄* *Šāʾûl* in *Yəhônātān*, and *wayyōʾmer* to him, son of *naʿăwat* the *hammardût*; have not *yādaʿtî* that *bōḥēr* you to *ben*-*Yišay*, to your *bāštəkā* and to *bōšet* *ʿerwat* *ʾimmekā*?", "grammar": { "*wayyiḥar*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect 3ms - and it burned/kindled", "*ʾap̄*": "noun, masculine singular construct - anger/nose of", "*Šāʾûl*": "proper noun - Saul", "*Yəhônātān*": "proper noun with preposition - in/against Jonathan", "*wayyōʾmer*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect 3ms - and he said", "*naʿăwat*": "noun, feminine singular construct - perversity/rebellion of", "*hammardût*": "definite article + noun, feminine singular - the rebellion/disobedience", "*yādaʿtî*": "qal perfect 1cs - I know/knew", "*bōḥēr*": "qal participle masculine singular - choosing/siding with", "*ben*": "noun, masculine singular construct - son of", "*Yišay*": "proper noun - Jesse", "*bāštəkā*": "noun + 2ms suffix - your shame", "*bōšet*": "noun, feminine singular construct - shame of", "*ʿerwat*": "noun, feminine singular construct - nakedness of", "*ʾimmekā*": "noun + 2ms suffix - your mother" }, "variants": { "*wayyiḥar-ʾap̄*": "his anger was kindled/burned hot/became enraged", "*naʿăwat hammardût*": "perverse rebelliousness/rebellious perversity/wayward rebellion", "*bōḥēr*": "choosing/siding with/preferring", "*bāštəkā*": "your shame/disgrace/dishonor", "*ʿerwat ʾimmekā*": "your mother's nakedness/genitals/shame (idiom for maternal dishonor)" } } 31 { "verseID": "1 Samuel.20.31", "source": "כִּ֣י כָל־הַיָּמִ֗ים אֲשֶׁ֤ר בֶּן־יִשַׁי֙ חַ֣י עַל־הָאֲדָמָ֔ה לֹ֥א תִכּ֖וֹן אַתָּ֣ה וּמַלְכוּתֶ֑ךָ וְעַתָּ֗ה שְׁלַ֨ח וְקַ֤ח אֹתוֹ֙ אֵלַ֔י כִּ֥י בֶן־מָ֖וֶת הֽוּא׃", "text": "For all-the *yāmîm* that *ben*-*Yišay* *ḥay* on-the *ʾădāmāh*, not *tikkôn* you and your *malkûtekā*; and now, *šəlaḥ* and *qaḥ* him to me, for *ben*-*māwet* he.", "grammar": { "*yāmîm*": "noun, masculine plural - days", "*ben*": "noun, masculine singular construct - son of", "*Yišay*": "proper noun - Jesse", "*ḥay*": "adjective, masculine singular - living/alive", "*ʾădāmāh*": "noun, feminine singular with definite article - the ground/earth/land", "*tikkôn*": "niphal imperfect 2ms - you will be established/secure", "*malkûtekā*": "noun, feminine singular + 2ms suffix - your kingdom", "*šəlaḥ*": "qal imperative ms - send", "*qaḥ*": "qal imperative ms - take/get", "*ben*-*māwet*": "son of death - idiom for 'doomed to die'" }, "variants": { "*tikkôn*": "be established/be secure/be stable", "*ben*-*māwet*": "son of death/deserving death/doomed to die" } } 32 { "verseID": "1 Samuel.20.32", "source": "וַיַּ֙עַן֙ יְה֣וֹנָתָ֔ן אֶת־שָׁא֖וּל אָבִ֑יו וַיֹּ֧אמֶר אֵלָ֛יו לָ֥מָּה יוּמַ֖ת מֶ֥ה עָשָֽׂה׃", "text": "And *wayyaʿan* *Yəhônātān* *ʾet*-*Šāʾûl* his *ʾābîw*, and *wayyōʾmer* to him, why *yûmat*? What *ʿāśāh*?", "grammar": { "*wayyaʿan*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect 3ms - and he answered", "*Yəhônātān*": "proper noun - Jonathan", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*Šāʾûl*": "proper noun - Saul", "*ʾābîw*": "noun, masculine singular + 3ms suffix - his father", "*wayyōʾmer*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect 3ms - and he said", "*yûmat*": "hophal imperfect 3ms - he should be put to death", "*ʿāśāh*": "qal perfect 3ms - he did/has done" }, "variants": { "*wayyaʿan*": "and he answered/responded/replied", "*yûmat*": "he should be put to death/be executed/be killed" } } 33 { "verseID": "1 Samuel.20.33", "source": "וַיָּ֨טֶל שָׁא֧וּל אֶֽת־הַחֲנִ֛ית עָלָ֖יו לְהַכֹּת֑וֹ וַיֵּ֙דַע֙ יְה֣וֹנָתָ֔ן כִּֽי־כָ֥לָה הִ֛יא מֵעִ֥ם אָבִ֖יו לְהָמִ֥ית אֶת־דָּוִֽד׃", "text": "And *wayyāṭel* *Šāʾûl* *ʾet*-the *ḥănît* against him to *ləhakkōtô*; and *wayyēdaʿ* *Yəhônātān* that-*kālāh* it from with his *ʾābîw* to *ləhāmît* *ʾet*-*Dāwid*.", "grammar": { "*wayyāṭel*": "waw consecutive + hiphil imperfect 3ms - and he hurled/cast", "*Šāʾûl*": "proper noun - Saul", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*ḥănît*": "noun, feminine singular with definite article - the spear", "*ləhakkōtô*": "preposition + hiphil infinitive construct + 3ms suffix - to strike him", "*wayyēdaʿ*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect 3ms - and he knew", "*Yəhônātān*": "proper noun - Jonathan", "*kālāh*": "qal perfect 3fs - it was determined/completed/finished", "*ʾābîw*": "noun, masculine singular + 3ms suffix - his father", "*ləhāmît*": "preposition + hiphil infinitive construct - to kill/put to death", "*Dāwid*": "proper noun - David" }, "variants": { "*wayyāṭel*": "and he hurled/cast/threw", "*kālāh*": "it was determined/decided/resolved (idiom: firm decision was made)" } } 34 { "verseID": "1 Samuel.20.34", "source": "וַיָּ֧קָם יְהוֹנָתָ֛ן מֵעִ֥ם הַשֻּׁלְחָ֖ן בָּחֳרִי־אָ֑ף וְלֹא־אָכַ֞ל בְּיוֹם־הַחֹ֤דֶשׁ הַשֵּׁנִי֙ לֶ֔חֶם כִּ֤י נֶעְצַב֙ אֶל־דָּוִ֔ד כִּ֥י הִכְלִמ֖וֹ אָבִֽיו׃", "text": "And *wayyāqām* *Yəhônātān* from with the *šulḥān* in *ḥŏrî*-*ʾāp̄*; and not-*ʾākal* in *yôm*-the *ḥōdeš* the *šēnî* *leḥem*, for *neʿĕṣab* to-*Dāwid*, for *hiklîmô* his *ʾābîw*.", "grammar": { "*wayyāqām*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect 3ms - and he arose/got up", "*Yəhônātān*": "proper noun - Jonathan", "*šulḥān*": "noun, masculine singular with definite article - the table", "*ḥŏrî*": "noun, masculine singular construct - burning/heat of", "*ʾāp̄*": "noun, masculine singular - anger/nose", "*ʾākal*": "qal perfect 3ms - he ate", "*yôm*": "noun, masculine singular construct - day of", "*ḥōdeš*": "noun, masculine singular with definite article - the new moon/month", "*šēnî*": "adjective, masculine singular with definite article - the second", "*leḥem*": "noun, masculine singular - bread/food", "*neʿĕṣab*": "niphal perfect 3ms - he was grieved/worried", "*Dāwid*": "proper noun with preposition - concerning David", "*hiklîmô*": "hiphil perfect 3ms + 3ms suffix - he humiliated/shamed him", "*ʾābîw*": "noun, masculine singular + 3ms suffix - his father" }, "variants": { "*ḥŏrî-ʾāp̄*": "burning anger/fierce rage/hot wrath", "*ḥōdeš*": "new moon/month/new moon festival", "*neʿĕṣab*": "was grieved/was worried/was troubled", "*hiklîmô*": "humiliated him/shamed him/embarrassed him" } } 35 { "verseID": "1 Samuel.20.35", "source": "וַיְהִ֣י בַבֹּ֔קֶר וַיֵּצֵ֧א יְהוֹנָתָ֛ן הַשָּׂדֶ֖ה לְמוֹעֵ֣ד דָּוִ֑ד וְנַ֥עַר קָטֹ֖ן עִמּֽוֹ׃", "text": "And *wayəhî* in the *bōqer*, and *wayyēṣēʾ* *Yəhônātān* the *śādeh* to *môʿēd* *Dāwid*; and *naʿar* *qāṭōn* with him.", "grammar": { "*wayəhî*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect 3ms - and it happened/came to pass", "*bōqer*": "noun, masculine singular with preposition and definite article - in the morning", "*wayyēṣēʾ*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect 3ms - and he went out", "*Yəhônātān*": "proper noun - Jonathan", "*śādeh*": "noun, masculine singular with definite article - the field", "*môʿēd*": "noun, masculine singular construct - appointed place/time of", "*Dāwid*": "proper noun - David", "*naʿar*": "noun, masculine singular - young man/boy/servant", "*qāṭōn*": "adjective, masculine singular - small/young", "*ʿimmô*": "preposition + 3ms suffix - with him" }, "variants": { "*môʿēd*": "appointed place/appointed time/meeting place", "*naʿar qāṭōn*": "small boy/young lad/young servant" } } 36 { "verseID": "1 Samuel.20.36", "source": "וַיֹּ֣אמֶר לְנַעֲר֔וֹ רֻ֗ץ מְצָ֥א נָא֙ אֶת־הַ֣חִצִּ֔ים אֲשֶׁ֥ר אָנֹכִ֖י מוֹרֶ֑ה הַנַּ֣עַר רָ֔ץ וְהֽוּא־יָרָ֥ה הַחֵ֖צִי לְהַעֲבִרֽוֹ׃", "text": "And *wayyōʾmer* to his *naʿărô*, *rūṣ* *məṣāʾ* *nāʾ* *ʾet*-the *ḥiṣṣîm* which *ʾānōkî* *môreh*; the *naʿar* *rāṣ*, and he-*yārāh* the *ḥēṣî* to *ləhaʿăbîrô*.", "grammar": { "*wayyōʾmer*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect 3ms - and he said", "*naʿărô*": "noun, masculine singular + 3ms suffix - his boy/servant", "*rūṣ*": "qal imperative ms - run", "*məṣāʾ*": "qal imperative ms - find", "*nāʾ*": "particle - please/now", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*ḥiṣṣîm*": "noun, masculine plural with definite article - the arrows", "*ʾānōkî*": "personal pronoun 1cs - I", "*môreh*": "hiphil participle ms - shooting/am shooting", "*naʿar*": "noun, masculine singular with definite article - the boy/servant", "*rāṣ*": "qal perfect 3ms - ran", "*yārāh*": "qal perfect 3ms - he shot", "*ḥēṣî*": "noun, masculine singular with definite article - the arrow", "*ləhaʿăbîrô*": "preposition + hiphil infinitive construct + 3ms suffix - to make it pass over/to make it go beyond" }, "variants": { "*môreh*": "shooting/am shooting/will shoot", "*ləhaʿăbîrô*": "to make it pass over/to make it go beyond him/to cause it to pass by him" } } 37 { "verseID": "1 Samuel.20.37", "source": "וַיָּבֹ֤א הַנַּ֙עַר֙ עַד־מְק֣וֹם הַחֵ֔צִי אֲשֶׁ֥ר יָרָ֖ה יְהוֹנָתָ֑ן וַיִּקְרָ֨א יְהוֹנָתָ֜ן אַחֲרֵ֤י הַנַּ֙עַר֙ וַיֹּ֔אמֶר הֲל֥וֹא הַחֵ֖צִי מִמְּךָ֥ וָהָֽלְאָה׃", "text": "And *wayyābōʾ* the *naʿar* unto-*məqôm* the *ḥēṣî* which *yārāh* *Yəhônātān*; and *wayyiqrāʾ* *Yəhônātān* after the *naʿar* and *wayyōʾmer*, is not the *ḥēṣî* from you and *wāhālʾāh*?", "grammar": { "*wayyābōʾ*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect 3ms - and he came/reached", "*naʿar*": "noun, masculine singular with definite article - the boy/servant", "*məqôm*": "noun, masculine singular construct - place of", "*ḥēṣî*": "noun, masculine singular with definite article - the arrow", "*yārāh*": "qal perfect 3ms - shot", "*Yəhônātān*": "proper noun - Jonathan", "*wayyiqrāʾ*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect 3ms - and he called", "*wayyōʾmer*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect 3ms - and he said", "*wāhālʾāh*": "conjunction + adverb - and beyond/further" }, "variants": { "*məqôm*": "place/location/spot", "*wayyiqrāʾ*": "called out/cried out/shouted", "*wāhālʾāh*": "beyond/further/onward" } } 38 { "verseID": "1 Samuel.20.38", "source": "וַיִּקְרָ֤א יְהֽוֹנָתָן֙ אַחֲרֵ֣י הַנַּ֔עַר מְהֵרָ֥ה ח֖וּשָׁה אַֽל־תַּעֲמֹ֑ד וַיְלַקֵּ֞ט נַ֤עַר יְהֽוֹנָתָן֙ אֶת־הַ֣חִצִּ֔ים וַיָּבֹ֖א אֶל־אֲדֹנָֽיו׃", "text": "And *wayyiqrāʾ* *Yəhônātān* after the *naʿar*, *məhērāh* *ḥûšāh* not-*taʿămōd*; and *wayəlaqqēṭ* *naʿar* *Yəhônātān* *ʾet*-the *ḥiṣṣîm*, and *wayyābōʾ* to his *ʾădōnāyw*.", "grammar": { "*wayyiqrāʾ*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect 3ms - and he called", "*Yəhônātān*": "proper noun - Jonathan", "*naʿar*": "noun, masculine singular with definite article - the boy/servant", "*məhērāh*": "adverb - quickly", "*ḥûšāh*": "qal imperative ms - hurry", "*taʿămōd*": "qal imperfect 2ms - you will stand", "*wayəlaqqēṭ*": "waw consecutive + piel imperfect 3ms - and he gathered", "*naʿar*": "noun, masculine singular construct - boy/servant of", "*Yəhônātān*": "proper noun - Jonathan", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*ḥiṣṣîm*": "noun, masculine plural with definite article - the arrows", "*wayyābōʾ*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect 3ms - and he came", "*ʾădōnāyw*": "noun, masculine plural + 3ms suffix - his lord/master" }, "variants": { "*məhērāh ḥûšāh*": "speed, hurry/hurry quickly/make haste", "*wayəlaqqēṭ*": "gathered/picked up/collected", "*ʾădōnāyw*": "his master/his lord (plural form with singular meaning)" } } 39 { "verseID": "1 Samuel.20.39", "source": "וְהַנַּ֖עַר לֹֽא־יָדַ֣ע מְא֑וּמָה אַ֤ךְ יְהֽוֹנָתָן֙ וְדָוִ֔ד יָדְע֖וּ אֶת־הַדָּבָֽר׃", "text": "And the *naʿar* not-*yādaʿ* *məʾûmāh*; *ʾak* *Yəhônātān* and *Dāwid* *yādəʿû* *ʾet*-the *dābār*.", "grammar": { "*naʿar*": "noun, masculine singular with definite article - the boy/servant", "*yādaʿ*": "qal perfect 3ms - he knew", "*məʾûmāh*": "noun, masculine singular - anything", "*ʾak*": "adverb - only/however", "*Yəhônātān*": "proper noun - Jonathan", "*Dāwid*": "proper noun - David", "*yādəʿû*": "qal perfect 3cp - they knew", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*dābār*": "noun, masculine singular with definite article - the matter/thing" }, "variants": { "*məʾûmāh*": "anything/something/at all", "*ʾak*": "only/however/but", "*dābār*": "matter/thing/situation" } } 40 { "verseID": "1 Samuel.20.40", "source": "וַיִּתֵּ֤ן יְהֽוֹנָתָן֙ אֶת־כֵּלָ֔יו אֶל־הַנַּ֖עַר אֲשֶׁר־ל֑וֹ וַיֹּ֣אמֶר ל֔וֹ לֵ֖ךְ הָבֵ֥יא הָעִֽיר׃", "text": "And *wayyittēn* *Yəhônātān* *ʾet*-his *kēlāyw* to-the *naʿar* which-to him; and *wayyōʾmer* to him, *lēk* *hābēʾ* the *ʿîr*.", "grammar": { "*wayyittēn*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect 3ms - and he gave", "*Yəhônātān*": "proper noun - Jonathan", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*kēlāyw*": "noun, masculine plural + 3ms suffix - his weapons/implements", "*naʿar*": "noun, masculine singular with definite article - the boy/servant", "*wayyōʾmer*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect 3ms - and he said", "*lēk*": "qal imperative ms - go", "*hābēʾ*": "hiphil imperative ms - bring", "*ʿîr*": "noun, feminine singular with definite article - the city" }, "variants": { "*kēlāyw*": "his weapons/his implements/his equipment", "*hābēʾ*": "bring/carry/take" } } 41 { "verseID": "1 Samuel.20.41", "source": "הַנַּעַר֮ בָּא֒ וְדָוִ֗ד קָ֚ם מֵאֵ֣צֶל הַנֶּ֔גֶב וַיִּפֹּ֨ל לְאַפָּ֥יו אַ֛רְצָה וַיִּשְׁתַּ֖חוּ שָׁלֹ֣שׁ פְּעָמִ֑ים וַֽיִּשְּׁק֣וּ ׀ אִ֣ישׁ אֶת־רֵעֵ֗הוּ וַיִּבְכּוּ֙ אִ֣ישׁ אֶת־רֵעֵ֔הוּ עַד־דָּוִ֖ד הִגְדִּֽיל׃", "text": "The *naʿar* *bāʾ*, and *Dāwid* *qām* from beside the *negeb*, and *wayyippōl* to his *ʾappāyw* *ʾarṣāh* and *wayyištaḥû* *šālōš* *pəʿāmîm*; and *wayyiššəqû* *ʾîš* *ʾet*-his *rēʿēhû*, and *wayyibkû* *ʾîš* *ʾet*-his *rēʿēhû*, until-*Dāwid* *higdîl*.", "grammar": { "*naʿar*": "noun, masculine singular with definite article - the boy/servant", "*bāʾ*": "qal perfect 3ms - came/went", "*Dāwid*": "proper noun - David", "*qām*": "qal perfect 3ms - arose/got up", "*negeb*": "noun, masculine singular with definite article - the south/Negev", "*wayyippōl*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect 3ms - and he fell", "*ʾappāyw*": "noun, masculine dual + 3ms suffix - his face/nostrils", "*ʾarṣāh*": "noun, feminine singular + directional he - to the ground", "*wayyištaḥû*": "waw consecutive + hishtaphel imperfect 3ms - and he bowed down", "*šālōš*": "numeral, feminine - three", "*pəʿāmîm*": "noun, feminine plural - times", "*wayyiššəqû*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect 3mp - and they kissed", "*ʾîš*": "noun, masculine singular - man/each", "*rēʿēhû*": "noun, masculine singular + 3ms suffix - his friend/neighbor", "*wayyibkû*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect 3mp - and they wept", "*higdîl*": "hiphil perfect 3ms - he made great/exceeded" }, "variants": { "*negeb*": "south/Negev/southern region (here a location marker)", "*wayyippōl ləʾappāyw ʾarṣāh*": "fell on his face to the ground (idiom for prostration)", "*wayyištaḥû*": "bowed down/prostrated himself/worshipped", "*ʾîš ʾet-rēʿēhû*": "each his friend/one another/each other", "*higdîl*": "exceeded/did more/wept more" } } 42 { "verseID": "1 Samuel.20.42", "source": "וַיֹּ֧אמֶר יְהוֹנָתָ֛ן לְדָוִ֖ד לֵ֣ךְ לְשָׁל֑וֹם אֲשֶׁר֩ נִשְׁבַּ֨עְנוּ שְׁנֵ֜ינוּ אֲנַ֗חְנוּ בְּשֵׁ֤ם יְהוָה֙ לֵאמֹ֔ר יְהוָ֞ה יִֽהְיֶ֣ה ׀ בֵּינִ֣י וּבֵינֶ֗ךָ וּבֵ֥ין זַרְעִ֛י וּבֵ֥ין זַרְעֲךָ֖ עַד־עוֹלָֽם׃", "text": "And *wayyōʾmer* *Yəhônātān* to *Dāwid*, *lēk* to *šālôm*; that *nišbaʿnû* *šənênû* *ʾănaḥnû* in *šēm* *YHWH* *lēʾmōr*, *YHWH* *yihyeh* between me and between you and between my *zarʿî* and between your *zarʿăkā* until-*ʿôlām*.", "grammar": { "*wayyōʾmer*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect 3ms - and he said", "*Yəhônātān*": "proper noun - Jonathan", "*Dāwid*": "proper noun - David", "*lēk*": "qal imperative ms - go", "*šālôm*": "noun, masculine singular - peace", "*nišbaʿnû*": "niphal perfect 1cp - we have sworn", "*šənênû*": "numeral, masculine dual + 1cp suffix - our two/both of us", "*ʾănaḥnû*": "personal pronoun 1cp - we", "*šēm*": "noun, masculine singular construct - name of", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - Yahweh/LORD", "*lēʾmōr*": "preposition + qal infinitive construct - saying", "*yihyeh*": "qal imperfect 3ms - he will be", "*zarʿî*": "noun, masculine singular + 1cs suffix - my seed/offspring", "*zarʿăkā*": "noun, masculine singular + 2ms suffix - your seed/offspring", "*ʿôlām*": "noun, masculine singular - forever/eternity" }, "variants": { "*lēk ləšālôm*": "go in peace (formal farewell)", "*šēm YHWH*": "name of the LORD (idiom for authority/presence)", "*zarʿî*": "my seed/my offspring/my descendants", "*ʿôlām*": "forever/eternity/perpetuity" } }
- John 18:28 : 28 { "verseID": "John.18.28", "source": "Ἄγουσιν οὖν τὸν Ἰησοῦν ἀπὸ τοῦ Καϊάφα εἰς τὸ πραιτώριον: ἦν δὲ πρωΐ· καὶ αὐτοὶ οὐκ εἰσῆλθον εἰς τὸ πραιτώριον, ἵνα μὴ μιανθῶσιν· ἀλλʼ ἵνα φάγωσιν τὸ πάσχα.", "text": "*Agousin oun ton Iēsoun apo tou Kaiapha eis to praitōrion*: *ēn de prōi*; and they *ouk eisēlthon eis to praitōrion*, so that *mē mianthōsin*; but so that *phagōsin to pascha*.", "grammar": { "*Agousin*": "present active indicative, 3rd person plural - they lead", "*oun*": "inferential particle - therefore/then", "*ton Iēsoun*": "accusative, masculine, singular - Jesus", "*apo*": "preposition + genitive - from", "*tou Kaiapha*": "genitive, masculine, singular - Caiaphas", "*eis*": "preposition + accusative - to/into", "*to praitōrion*": "accusative, neuter, singular - the Praetorium", "*ēn*": "imperfect active indicative, 3rd person singular - it was", "*de*": "postpositive particle - and/but", "*prōi*": "adverb - early morning", "*kai*": "conjunction - and", "*autoi*": "personal pronoun, nominative, masculine, plural - they", "*ouk*": "negative particle - not", "*eisēlthon*": "aorist active indicative, 3rd person plural - entered", "*eis*": "preposition + accusative - into", "*to praitōrion*": "accusative, neuter, singular - the Praetorium", "*hina*": "conjunction - so that", "*mē*": "negative particle - not", "*mianthōsin*": "aorist passive subjunctive, 3rd person plural - they might be defiled", "*all'*": "conjunction - but", "*hina*": "conjunction - so that", "*phagōsin*": "aorist active subjunctive, 3rd person plural - they might eat", "*to pascha*": "accusative, neuter, singular - the Passover" }, "variants": { "*Agousin*": "they lead/they bring/they take", "*oun*": "therefore/then/so", "*apo*": "from/away from", "*Kaiapha*": "Caiaphas (personal name)", "*eis*": "to/into", "*praitōrion*": "Praetorium/governor's headquarters/judgment hall", "*ēn*": "it was", "*de*": "and/but/now", "*prōi*": "early morning/dawn", "*eisēlthon*": "entered/went in", "*hina*": "so that/in order that", "*mianthōsin*": "they might be defiled/become ceremonially unclean", "*all'*": "but/rather", "*phagōsin*": "they might eat/partake of", "*pascha*": "Passover/Passover meal" } }
- Acts 7:54 : 54 { "verseID": "Acts.7.54", "source": "¶Ἀκούοντες δὲ ταῦτα, διεπρίοντο ταῖς καρδίαις αὐτῶν, καὶ ἔβρυχον τοὺς ὀδόντας ἐπʼ αὐτόν.", "text": "*Akouontes* *de* these-things, they-were-*dieprionto* in-the *kardiais* of-them, and *ebrychon* the *odontas* at him.", "grammar": { "*Akouontes*": "present active participle, nominative, masculine, plural - hearing", "*de*": "postpositive conjunction - but/and", "*dieprionto*": "imperfect middle/passive indicative, 3rd plural - were cut to the heart", "*kardiais*": "dative, feminine, plural - hearts", "*ebrychon*": "imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural - were gnashing", "*odontas*": "accusative, masculine, plural - teeth" }, "variants": { "*Akouontes*": "hearing/listening to", "*dieprionto*": "were cut to the heart/were furious/were enraged", "*kardiais*": "hearts/inner selves", "*ebrychon*": "were gnashing/grinding/clenching" } }
- 1 Cor 5:8 : 8 { "verseID": "1 Corinthians.5.8", "source": "Ὥστε ἑορτάζωμεν, μὴ ἐν ζύμῃ παλαιᾷ, μηδὲ ἐν ζύμῃ κακίας καὶ πονηρίας· ἀλλʼ ἐν ἀζύμοις εἰλικρινείας καὶ ἀληθείας.", "text": "Therefore let us *heortazōmen*, not with *zymē palaia*, nor with *zymē kakias* and *ponērias*, but with *azymois eilikroneias* and *alētheias*.", "grammar": { "*heortazōmen*": "present active subjunctive, 1st plural - let us celebrate/keep the feast", "*zymē*": "dative, feminine, singular - leaven/yeast", "*palaia*": "dative, feminine, singular - old", "*kakias*": "genitive, feminine, singular - malice/evil", "*ponērias*": "genitive, feminine, singular - wickedness/evil", "*azymois*": "dative, neuter, plural - unleavened bread", "*eilikroneias*": "genitive, feminine, singular - sincerity/purity", "*alētheias*": "genitive, feminine, singular - truth" }, "variants": { "*heortazōmen*": "celebrate/keep the feast/observe the festival", "*zymē palaia*": "old leaven/former yeast", "*kakias*": "malice/evil/wickedness", "*ponērias*": "wickedness/depravity/evil", "*azymois*": "unleavened bread/purity", "*eilikroneias*": "sincerity/purity/authenticity", "*alētheias*": "truth/reality" } }