Amos 1:9

Linguistic Bible Translation from Source Texts

Thus says the LORD: 'For three transgressions of Tyre, and for four, I will not revoke punishment, because they delivered up an entire population to Edom and did not remember their treaty of brotherhood.'

📖 Grammatical Analysis

Original Text

כֹּ֚ה אָמַ֣ר יְהוָ֔ה עַל־שְׁלֹשָׁה֙ פִּשְׁעֵי־צֹ֔ר וְעַל־אַרְבָּעָ֖ה לֹ֣א אֲשִׁיבֶ֑נּוּ עַֽל־הַסְגִּירָ֞ם גָּל֤וּת שְׁלֵמָה֙ לֶאֱד֔וֹם וְלֹ֥א זָכְר֖וּ בְּרִ֥ית אַחִֽים׃

Transliteration

Thus ʾāmar YHWH for-šəlōšāh pišʿê-ṣōr and-for-ʾarbāʿāh not ʾăšîbenû for-hasgîrām gālût šəlēmāh to-ʾĕdôm and-not zākrû bərît ʾaḥîm

Grammar Details

• *ʾāmar*: perfect, 3rd masculine singular - said/has said
• *YHWH*: proper name - LORD/Yahweh
• *šəlōšāh*: cardinal number, masculine - three
• *pišʿê*: construct state, masculine plural - transgressions of
• *ṣōr*: proper name - Tyre
• *ʾarbāʿāh*: cardinal number, masculine - four
• *ʾăšîbenû*: imperfect, 1st singular with 3rd masculine singular suffix - I will restore/turn back it
• *hasgîrām*: infinitive construct, hiphil with 3rd masculine plural suffix - their delivering
• *gālût*: feminine singular construct - exile/captivity
• *šəlēmāh*: feminine singular adjective - complete/entire
• *ʾĕdôm*: proper name - Edom
• *zākrû*: perfect, 3rd plural - they remembered
• *bərît*: feminine singular construct - covenant of
• *ʾaḥîm*: masculine plural noun - brothers

Word Meanings

• *pišʿê*: transgressions/rebellions/crimes
• *ʾăšîbenû*: I will not revoke/turn back/restore the punishment
• *hasgîrām*: their delivering up/handing over/surrendering
• *gālût* *šəlēmāh*: entire population/whole community/complete exile
• *bərît* *ʾaḥîm*: covenant of brothers/brotherly covenant/treaty of brotherhood

Other Translations

• King James Version 1769 (Standard Version)

  Thus saith the LORD; For three transgressions of Tyrus, and for four, I will not turn away the punishment thereof; because they delivered up the whole captivity to Edom, and remembered not the brotherly covenant:

• KJV1611 – Modern English

  Thus says the LORD; For three transgressions of Tyre, and for four, I will not turn away its punishment; because they delivered up the whole captivity to Edom, and did not remember the brotherly covenant:

• King James Version 1611 (Original)

  Thus saith the LORD; For three transgressions of Tyrus, and for four, I will not turn away the punishment thereof; because they delivered up the whole captivity to Edom, and remembered not the brotherly covenant:

• American Standard Version with Strong's Numbers

  Thus saith{H559} Jehovah:{H3068} For three{H7969} transgressions{H6588} of Tyre,{H6865} yea, for four,{H702} I will not turn away{H7725} the punishment thereof; because they delivered up{H5462} the whole{H8003} people{H1546} to Edom,{H123} and remembered{H2142} not the brotherly{H251} covenant:{H1285}

• King James Version with Strong's Numbers

  Thus saith{H559}{(H8804)} the LORD{H3068}; For three{H7969} transgressions{H6588} of Tyrus{H6865}, and for four{H702}, I will not turn away{H7725}{(H8686)} the punishment thereof; because they delivered up{H5462}{(H8687)} the whole{H8003} captivity{H1546} to Edom{H123}, and remembered{H2142}{(H8804)} not the brotherly{H251} covenant{H1285}:

• Coverdale Bible (1535)

  Thus sayeth the LORDE: For thre and foure wickednesses off the cite off Tyre, I will not spare her: because they haue increased ye captiuyte of the Edomites, and haue not remembred the brotherly couenaunt.

• Geneva Bible (1560)

  Thus sayth the Lord, For three transgressions of Tyrus, and for foure, I will not turne to it, because they shut the whole captiuitie in Edom, and haue not remembred the brotherly couenant.

• Bishops' Bible (1568)

  Thus sayth the Lorde, For three wickednesses of Tyre, and for foure I will not spare her: because they shut the whole captiuitie in Edom, and haue not remembred the brotherly couenaunt.

• Authorized King James Version (1611)

  Thus saith the LORD; For three transgressions of Tyrus, and for four, I will not turn away [the punishment] thereof; because they delivered up the whole captivity to Edom, and remembered not the brotherly covenant:

• Webster's Bible (1833)

  Thus says Yahweh: "For three transgressions of Tyre, yes, for four, I will not turn away its punishment; Because they delivered up the whole community to Edom, And didn't remember the brotherly covenant;

• Young's Literal Translation (1862/1898)

  Thus said Jehovah: For three transgressions of Tyre, And for four, I do not reverse it, Because of their delivering up a complete captivity to Edom, And they remembered not the brotherly covenant,

• American Standard Version (1901)

  Thus saith Jehovah: For three transgressions of Tyre, yea, for four, I will not turn away the punishment thereof; because they delivered up the whole people to Edom, and remembered not the brotherly covenant:

• American Standard Version (1901)

  Thus saith Jehovah: For three transgressions of Tyre, yea, for four, I will not turn away the punishment thereof; because they delivered up the whole people to Edom, and remembered not the brotherly covenant:

• Bible in Basic English (1941)

  These are the words of the Lord: For three crimes of Tyre, and for four, I will not let its fate be changed; because they gave up all the people prisoners to Edom, without giving a thought to the brothers' agreement between them.

• World English Bible (2000)

  Thus says Yahweh: "For three transgressions of Tyre, yes, for four, I will not turn away its punishment; because they delivered up the whole community to Edom, and didn't remember the brotherly covenant;

• NET Bible® (New English Translation)

  This is what the LORD says:“Because Tyre has committed three crimes– make that four!– I will not revoke my decree of judgment. They sold a whole community to Edom; they failed to observe a treaty of brotherhood.

Referenced Verses

• 1 Kgs 9:11-14 : 11 King Hiram of Tyre had supplied Solomon with cedar, juniper wood, and gold, according to all his desire. King Solomon then gave Hiram twenty cities in the land of Galilee. 12 But when Hiram came from Tyre to see the cities Solomon had given him, they did not please him. 13 So he said, 'What are these cities you have given me, my brother?' And he called them 'Cabul,' which they are still called to this day. 14 Hiram had sent to the king one hundred twenty talents of gold.
• Isa 23:1-9 : 1 This is a message concerning Tyre: Wail, you ships of Tarshish, for your harbor has been destroyed. The news has reached them from the land of Cyprus. 2 Be silent, you inhabitants of the coastland, you merchants of Sidon, whose messengers cross over the sea. 3 On the great waters came the grain of Shihor, the harvest of the Nile, its revenue; it was the marketplace of nations. 4 Be ashamed, Sidon, for the sea has spoken, the stronghold of the sea, saying, 'I have neither labored nor given birth; I have not raised young men or brought up virgins.' 5 When the news reaches Egypt, they will writhe in anguish at the report about Tyre. 6 Cross over to Tarshish; wail, you inhabitants of the coastland. 7 Is this your jubilant city, whose origins are from days long ago, whose feet carried her to settle far away? 8 Who has planned this against Tyre, the giver of crowns, whose merchants were princes, whose traders were honored in the earth? 9 The LORD of Hosts has planned it, to defile the pride of all glory, to humble all who are honored on the earth. 10 Overflow your land like the Nile, O daughter of Tarshish; there is no longer any harbor restraining you. 11 He has stretched out His hand over the sea; He has made kingdoms tremble. The LORD has commanded for Canaan to be destroyed, and her strongholds laid waste. 12 He has said, 'You will no longer rejoice, O oppressed virgin daughter of Sidon. Rise, cross over to Cyprus; even there you will find no rest.' 13 Behold the land of the Chaldeans—this is the people that was not; Assyria established it as a refuge for wild creatures. They set up its siege towers, stripped its palaces bare, and made it a ruin. 14 Wail, you ships of Tarshish, for your stronghold is destroyed. 15 On that day, Tyre will be forgotten for seventy years, the span of a king’s lifetime. At the end of seventy years, Tyre will be like the song of a prostitute. 16 Take up a harp, go about the city, you forgotten prostitute. Play skillfully, sing many songs, so that you may be remembered. 17 At the end of seventy years, the LORD will attend to Tyre. She will return to her hire and will prostitute herself to all the kingdoms of the world on the face of the earth. 18 Yet her merchandise and her hire will be consecrated to the LORD; it will not be stored or hoarded, but it will provide for those who live in the presence of the LORD—for abundant food and fine clothing.
• Joel 3:4-8 : 4 Now, what have you against me, Tyre and Sidon and all the regions of Philistia? Are you repaying me for something I have done? If you are repaying me, I will swiftly and speedily return your recompense upon your own heads. 5 For you took my silver and my gold and carried my precious treasures into your temples. 6 You sold the people of Judah and Jerusalem to the Greeks, removing them far from their own territory. 7 Behold, I am going to arouse them from the place where you sold them, and I will return your recompense upon your own heads. 8 I will sell your sons and daughters to the people of Judah, and they will sell them to the Sabeans, a distant nation. The LORD has spoken.
• Zech 9:2-4 : 2 Hamath, also, will border it; Tyre and Sidon, though they are very wise. 3 Tyre has built herself a stronghold and heaped up silver like dust and gold like the dirt in the streets. 4 But the Lord will dispossess her and strike her power in the sea, and she will be consumed by fire.
• Ezek 26:1-9 : 1 In the eleventh year, on the first day of the month, the word of the LORD came to me, saying: 2 Son of man, because Tyre has said concerning Jerusalem, 'Aha! The gateway of the peoples is broken; it has turned to me. I will be filled now that she lies in ruins.' 3 Therefore, this is what the Lord GOD says: 'Behold, I am against you, Tyre, and I will bring many nations against you, like the sea bringing up its waves.' 4 They will destroy the walls of Tyre and demolish her towers. I will scrape away her soil and leave her as bare rock. 5 She will become a drying place for fishing nets in the midst of the sea, for I have spoken, declares the Lord GOD. She will become plunder for the nations. 6 Also, her villages in the countryside will be slaughtered by the sword. Then they will know that I am the LORD. 7 For this is what the Lord GOD says: 'Behold, I will bring against Tyre Nebuchadnezzar, king of Babylon, from the north. He is a king of kings, with horses, chariots, horsemen, a great assembly, and a large army.' 8 'Your villages in the countryside will be killed by the sword, and he will build siege walls against you, raise a siege ramp against you, and set up a shield wall against you.' 9 'He will direct the blows of his battering rams against your walls, and he will demolish your towers with his weapons.' 10 'The dust from his many horses will cover you. The noise of the horsemen, the wheels, and the chariots will make your walls shake when he enters your gates like warriors entering a breached city.' 11 'With the hooves of his horses, he will trample all your streets. He will kill your people with the sword, and your mighty pillars will collapse to the ground.' 12 'They will plunder your wealth and loot your merchandise. They will break down your walls and destroy your luxurious homes. They will throw your stones, timber, and rubble into the sea.' 13 'I will silence the noise of your songs, and the sound of your harps will no longer be heard.' 14 'I will make you a bare rock, a place for spreading fishing nets. You will never be rebuilt, for I, the LORD, have spoken, declares the Lord GOD.' 15 This is what the Lord GOD says to Tyre: 'Won't the coastlands tremble at the sound of your downfall, when the wounded groan and slaughter takes place within you?' 16 Then all the princes of the sea will step down from their thrones. They will remove their robes and strip off their embroidered garments. Clothed in trembling, they will sit on the ground, shuddering continually, appalled at you. 17 They will take up a lament over you and say to you: 'How you have perished, you who were inhabited by people of the seas, the renowned city, strong in the sea, she and her inhabitants, who spread terror among all who lived there.' 18 Now the coastlands tremble on the day of your fall; the islands in the sea are dismayed by your demise. 19 For this is what the Lord GOD says: 'When I make you a desolate city, like cities that are no longer inhabited, and when I bring the deep over you and the mighty waters cover you,' 20 'then I will bring you down with those who descend to the pit, to the people of old. I will make you dwell in the lower parts of the earth, among the ruins of antiquity, along with those who go down to the pit, so that you will not be lived in again. And I will display my glory in the land of the living.' 21 'I will bring you to a horrible end and you will no longer exist. Though you are sought, you will never be found again,' declares the Lord GOD.
• 2 Chr 2:8-9 : 8 Provide a large amount of timber for me, because the house I am building will be great and extraordinary. 9 I will give your servants, the woodcutters who cut the timber, twenty thousand cors of crushed wheat, twenty thousand cors of barley, twenty thousand gallons of wine, and twenty thousand gallons of oil. 10 Hiram, king of Tyre, replied in writing and sent it to Solomon: "Because of the LORD's love for His people, He has made you their king." 11 Hiram said, "Blessed be the LORD, the God of Israel, who made the heavens and the earth! He has given King David a wise son, endowed with insight and understanding, who will build a temple for the LORD and a palace for himself." 12 Now I have sent you a skilled and insightful craftsman, Huram-Abi. 13 He is the son of a woman from the daughters of Dan, and his father is a man of Tyre. He is knowledgeable in working with gold, silver, bronze, iron, stone, and wood, as well as with purple, blue, fine linen, and crimson. He is skilled in engraving all kinds of designs and can work with your craftsmen and the craftsmen of my lord David, your father. 14 Now, let my lord send the wheat, barley, oil, and wine that he has promised to his servants. 15 We will cut timber from Lebanon, as much as you need. We will float it in rafts by sea to Joppa, and you can then take it up to Jerusalem. 16 Then Solomon counted all the foreigners who were in the land of Israel, as his father David had counted them, and they were found to be 153,600.
• 2 Sam 5:11 : 11 Hiram, king of Tyre, sent messengers to David, along with cedar logs, carpenters, and stonemasons, and they built a palace for David.
• 1 Kgs 5:1-9 : 1 Solomon ruled over all the kingdoms from the Euphrates River to the land of the Philistines and up to the border of Egypt. They brought tribute and served Solomon all the days of his life. 2 Solomon's daily provisions were thirty measures of the finest flour and sixty measures of regular flour. 3 This included ten fattened head of cattle, twenty pasture-fed cattle, and a hundred sheep—besides deer, gazelles, roebucks, and fattened fowl. 4 He ruled over all the region west of the Euphrates River, from Tiphsah to Gaza, and over all the kings in that region. He had peace on all sides around him. 5 Judah and Israel lived in safety, each man under his own vine and fig tree, from Dan to Beersheba, all the days of Solomon. 6 Solomon had forty thousand stalls of horses for his chariots and twelve thousand horsemen. 7 These officers provided food for King Solomon and all who came to his table, each during his assigned month, without fail. 8 They also brought barley and straw for the horses and swift steeds to the proper places, each officer according to his duty. 9 God gave Solomon wisdom, very great understanding, and vast insight, as expansive as the sand on the seashore. 10 Solomon's wisdom surpassed the wisdom of all the people of the East and all the wisdom of Egypt. 11 He was wiser than any other man, wiser than Ethan the Ezrahite, and wiser than Heman, Calcol, and Darda, the sons of Mahol. His fame spread to all the surrounding nations.
• Amos 1:6 : 6 Thus says the LORD: 'For three transgressions of Gaza, and for four, I will not revoke punishment, because they deported an entire population to deliver them over to Edom.'
• Amos 1:11 : 11 Thus says the LORD: 'For three transgressions of Edom, and for four, I will not revoke punishment, because he pursued his brother with the sword and suppressed compassion. His anger tore continually, and his wrath remained forever.'
• Jer 25:22 : 22 All the kings of Tyre and all the kings of Sidon; the kings of the coastlands across the sea.
• Jer 47:4 : 4 For the day has come to destroy all the Philistines, to cut off every survivor who could help Tyre and Sidon. Indeed, the LORD is destroying the Philistines, the remnant from the coasts of Caphtor.
• Matt 11:21 : 21 ‘Woe to you, Chorazin! Woe to you, Bethsaida! For if the miracles that were performed in you had been done in Tyre and Sidon, they would have repented long ago in sackcloth and ashes.’