Exodus 20:10

Linguistic Bible Translation from Source Texts

but the seventh day is a Sabbath to the LORD your God. On it you shall not do any work, neither you, nor your son or daughter, nor your male or female servant, nor your livestock, nor any foreigner residing within your gates.

📖 Grammatical Analysis

Original Text

וְי֨וֹם֙ הַשְּׁבִיעִ֔֜י שַׁבָּ֖֣ת ׀ לַיהוָ֣ה אֱלֹהֶ֑֗יךָ לֹֽ֣א־תַעֲשֶׂ֣֨ה כָל־מְלָאכָ֡֜ה אַתָּ֣ה ׀ וּבִנְךָֽ֣־וּ֠בִתֶּ֗ךָ עַבְדְּךָ֤֨ וַאֲמָֽתְךָ֜֙ וּבְהֶמְתֶּ֔֗ךָ וְגֵרְךָ֖֙ אֲשֶׁ֥֣ר בִּשְׁעָרֶֽ֔יךָ

Transliteration

wə-yôm hash-shəḇîʿî shabbāṯ la-YHWH ʾĕlōheḵā lōʾ-ṯaʿăśeh ḵāl-məlāʾḵāh ʾattāh û-ḇinḵā-û-ḇitteḵā ʿaḇdəḵā wa-ʾămāṯəḵā û-ḇəhemteḵā wə-ḡērəḵā ʾăsher bi-shəʿāreḵā

Grammar Details

• *wə-yôm*: conjunction + masculine singular noun construct - but the day of
• *hash-shəḇîʿî*: definite article + ordinal number - the seventh
• *shabbāṯ*: feminine singular noun - sabbath/rest
• *la-YHWH*: preposition + proper name - to/for YHWH
• *ʾĕlōheḵā*: masculine plural noun with 2nd masculine singular suffix - your God
• *lōʾ-ṯaʿăśeh*: negative particle + qal imperfect, 2nd masculine singular - you shall not do
• *ḵāl-məlāʾḵāh*: noun construct + feminine singular noun - any work
• *ʾattāh*: 2nd masculine singular pronoun - you
• *û-ḇinḵā*: conjunction + masculine singular noun with 2nd masculine singular suffix - and your son
• *û-ḇitteḵā*: conjunction + feminine singular noun with 2nd masculine singular suffix - and your daughter
• *ʿaḇdəḵā*: masculine singular noun with 2nd masculine singular suffix - your male servant
• *wa-ʾămāṯəḵā*: conjunction + feminine singular noun with 2nd masculine singular suffix - and your female servant
• *û-ḇəhemteḵā*: conjunction + feminine singular noun with 2nd masculine singular suffix - and your cattle
• *wə-ḡērəḵā*: conjunction + masculine singular noun with 2nd masculine singular suffix - and your sojourner
• *ʾăsher*: relative pronoun - who
• *bi-shəʿāreḵā*: preposition + masculine plural noun with 2nd masculine singular suffix - in your gates

Word Meanings

• *shabbāṯ*: sabbath/rest/cessation from work
• *məlāʾḵāh*: work/labor/occupation/business
• *ʿaḇdəḵā*: your male servant/your slave
• *ʾămāṯəḵā*: your female servant/your maidservant/your female slave
• *ḡērəḵā*: your sojourner/your resident alien/your foreigner
• *bi-shəʿāreḵā*: within your gates/in your towns/in your settlements

Other Translations

• King James Version 1769 (Standard Version)

  But the seventh day is the sabbath of the LORD thy God: in it thou shalt not do any work, thou, nor thy son, nor thy daughter, thy manservant, nor thy maidservant, nor thy cattle, nor thy stranger that is within thy gates:

• KJV1611 – Modern English

  but the seventh day is the Sabbath of the LORD your God. In it you shall do no work: you, nor your son, nor your daughter, your male servant, nor your female servant, nor your cattle, nor the stranger who is within your gates.

• King James Version 1611 (Original)

  But the seventh day is the sabbath of the LORD thy God: in it thou shalt not do any work, thou, nor thy son, nor thy daughter, thy manservant, nor thy maidservant, nor thy cattle, nor thy stranger that is within thy gates:

• American Standard Version with Strong's Numbers

  but the seventh day is a sabbath unto Jehovah thy God: [in it] thou shalt not do any work, thou, nor thy son, nor thy daughter, thy man-servant, nor thy maid-servant, nor thy cattle, nor thy stranger that is within thy gates:

• King James Version with Strong's Numbers

  But the seventh day is the sabbath of the LORD thy God: in it thou shalt not do any work, thou, nor thy son, nor thy daughter, thy manservant, nor thy maidservant, nor thy cattle, nor thy stranger that is within thy gates:

• Tyndale Bible (1526/1534)

  but the seuenth daye is the Sabbath of the Lorde thy God, in it thou shalt do no maner worke: nether thou nor thy sonne, nor thy doughter, nether thy manservaunte nor thy maydeservaunte, nether thy catell nether yet the straunger that is within thi gates

• Coverdale Bible (1535)

  But vpon the seuenth daye is the Sabbath of the LORDE thy God: thou shalt do no maner worke in it, nether thou, ner thy sonne, ner thy doughter, ner thy seruaunt, ner thy mayde, ner thy catell, ner thy straunger that is within thy gates.

• Geneva Bible (1560)

  But the seuenth day is the Sabbath of the Lord thy God: in it thou shalt not do any worke, thou, nor thy sonne, nor thy daughter, thy man seruant, nor thy mayde, nor thy beast, nor thy stranger that is within thy gates.

• Bishops' Bible (1568)

  But the seuenth day is the sabboth of the Lorde thy God: in it thou shalt do no maner of worke, thou and thy sonne, and thy daughter, thy man seruaunt, and thy mayde seruaunt, thy cattel, and the straunger that is within thy gates.

• Authorized King James Version (1611)

  But the seventh day [is] the sabbath of the LORD thy God: [in it] thou shalt not do any work, thou, nor thy son, nor thy daughter, thy manservant, nor thy maidservant, nor thy cattle, nor thy stranger that [is] within thy gates:

• Webster's Bible (1833)

  but the seventh day is a Sabbath to Yahweh your God. You shall not do any work in it, you, nor your son, nor your daughter, your man-servant, nor your maid-servant, nor your cattle, nor your stranger who is within your gates;

• Young's Literal Translation (1862/1898)

  and the seventh day `is' a Sabbath to Jehovah thy God; thou dost not do any work, thou, and thy son, and thy daughter, thy man-servant, and thy handmaid, and thy cattle, and thy sojourner who is within thy gates, --

• American Standard Version (1901)

  but the seventh day is a sabbath unto Jehovah thy God: `in it' thou shalt not do any work, thou, nor thy son, nor thy daughter, thy man-servant, nor thy maid-servant, nor thy cattle, nor thy stranger that is within thy gates:

• American Standard Version (1901)

  but the seventh day is a sabbath unto Jehovah thy God: [in it] thou shalt not do any work, thou, nor thy son, nor thy daughter, thy man-servant, nor thy maid-servant, nor thy cattle, nor thy stranger that is within thy gates:

• Bible in Basic English (1941)

  But the seventh day is a Sabbath to the Lord your God; on that day you are to do no work, you or your son or your daughter, your man-servant or your woman-servant, your cattle or the man from a strange country who is living among you:

• World English Bible (2000)

  but the seventh day is a Sabbath to Yahweh your God. You shall not do any work in it, you, nor your son, nor your daughter, your male servant, nor your female servant, nor your livestock, nor your stranger who is within your gates;

• NET Bible® (New English Translation)

  but the seventh day is a Sabbath to the LORD your God; on it you shall not do any work, you, or your son, or your daughter, or your male servant, or your female servant, or your cattle, or the resident foreigner who is in your gates.

Referenced Verses

• Num 15:32-36 : 32 While the Israelites were in the wilderness, they found a man gathering wood on the Sabbath day. 33 Those who found him gathering wood brought him to Moses, Aaron, and the whole assembly. 34 They kept him in custody because it had not yet been made clear what should be done to him. 35 The Lord said to Moses, 'The man must be put to death. The whole assembly is to stone him outside the camp.' 36 So the assembly took him outside the camp and stoned him to death, as the Lord had commanded Moses.
• Deut 5:14-15 : 14 But the seventh day is a sabbath to the LORD your God. On it you shall not do any work—you, your son or daughter, your male or female servant, your ox, your donkey, or any of your livestock, or the foreigner residing in your towns—so that your male and female servants may rest as you do. 15 Remember that you were a slave in the land of Egypt, and the LORD your God brought you out of there with a mighty hand and an outstretched arm. Therefore, the LORD your God has commanded you to keep the Sabbath day.
• Exod 16:27-28 : 27 However, some of the people went out on the seventh day to gather, but they found nothing. 28 Then the LORD said to Moses, "How long will you refuse to keep my commands and instructions?
• Exod 34:21 : 21 You are to work for six days, but on the seventh day you must rest—even during the plowing season and the harvest you must rest.
• Gen 2:2-3 : 2 On the seventh day, God finished the work He had been doing. On that day, He rested from all the work He had accomplished. 3 Then God blessed the seventh day and made it holy, because on it He rested from all the work of creation that He had done.
• Exod 23:9-9 : 9 Do not oppress a foreigner; you yourselves know how it feels to be foreigners, because you were foreigners in the land of Egypt. 10 For six years you are to sow your land and gather its produce. 11 But during the seventh year, you are to let it rest and leave it unplowed, so that the poor among your people may eat, and whatever they leave, the wild animals may eat. Do the same with your vineyard and olive grove. 12 For six days you shall do your work, but on the seventh day you shall rest, so that your ox and your donkey may have rest, and the son of your servant and the foreigner may be refreshed.
• Exod 31:13 : 13 Speak to the Israelites and say: 'You must observe my Sabbaths, for it is a sign between me and you throughout your generations, so that you may know that I am the LORD who sanctifies you.
• Deut 16:11-12 : 11 Rejoice before the Lord your God—you, your son and daughter, your male and female servants, the Levite in your towns, the foreigner, the fatherless, and the widow living among you, in the place the Lord your God chooses to establish His name. 12 Remember that you were slaves in Egypt, and carefully follow these decrees.
• Deut 24:14-22 : 14 Do not take advantage of a hired worker who is poor and needy, whether that worker is a fellow Israelite or a foreigner residing in one of your towns. 15 Pay them their wages each day before sunset, because they are poor and depend on it. Otherwise, they may cry out to the LORD against you, and you will be guilty of sin. 16 Parents are not to be put to death for their children, nor children put to death for their parents; each will die for their own sin. 17 Do not pervert justice for the foreigner or the fatherless, and do not take a widow's garment as security for a pledge. 18 Remember that you were a slave in Egypt, and the LORD your God redeemed you from there. That is why I command you to do this. 19 When you reap your harvest in your field and forget a sheaf there, do not go back to get it. Leave it for the foreigner, the fatherless, and the widow, so that the LORD your God may bless you in all the work of your hands. 20 When you beat your olive trees, do not go over the branches again. Leave what remains for the foreigner, the fatherless, and the widow. 21 When you harvest the grapes in your vineyard, do not go over the vines again. Leave what remains for the foreigner, the fatherless, and the widow. 22 Remember that you were a slave in the land of Egypt. That is why I command you to do this.
• Neh 10:31 : 31 They pledged not to give their daughters in marriage to the peoples of the land or to take their daughters for their sons.
• Neh 13:15-21 : 15 In those days, I saw people in Judah treading winepresses on the Sabbath, bringing in heaps of grain, loading them on donkeys, as well as carrying wine, grapes, figs, and all kinds of burdens, bringing them into Jerusalem on the Sabbath day. So, I warned them on the day they were selling their provisions. 16 People from Tyre who lived there were bringing in fish and all kinds of merchandise and selling them on the Sabbath to the people of Judah and in Jerusalem. 17 I reprimanded the nobles of Judah and said to them, "What is this wicked thing you are doing—profaning the Sabbath day? 18 Didn’t your ancestors do the same, so that our God brought all this disaster upon us and upon this city? Now you are stirring up more wrath against Israel by desecrating the Sabbath!" 19 When evening shadows fell on the gates of Jerusalem before the Sabbath, I ordered the doors to be shut and directed that they should not be opened until after the Sabbath. I stationed some of my men at the gates so that no load could be brought in on the Sabbath day. 20 Once or twice, the merchants and sellers of all kinds of wares spent the night outside Jerusalem. 21 But I warned them and said, "Why are you spending the night by the wall? If you do this again, I will lay hands on you." From that time on, they did not come on the Sabbath.
• Luke 23:56 : 56 Then they went home and prepared spices and perfumes. But they rested on the Sabbath according to the commandment.