Ezekiel 28:16

Linguistic Bible Translation from Source Texts

Through your widespread trade, you were filled with violence, and you sinned. So I drove you in disgrace from the mountain of God, and I expelled you, guardian cherub, from among the stones of fire.

📖 Grammatical Analysis

Original Text

בְּרֹ֣ב רְכֻּלָּתְךָ֗ מָל֧וּ תוֹכְךָ֛ חָמָ֖ס וַֽתֶּחֱטָ֑א וָאֶחַלֶּלְךָ֩ מֵהַ֨ר אֱלֹהִ֤ים וָֽאַבֶּדְךָ֙ כְּר֣וּב הַסֹּכֵ֔ךְ מִתּ֖וֹךְ אַבְנֵי־אֵֽשׁ׃

Transliteration

bə-rōḇ rəḵullātəḵā mālû tôḵəḵā ḥāmās wa-tteḥĕṭāʾ wā-ʾăḥalelḵā mē-har ʾĕlōhîm wā-ʾăʾabbedḵā kərûḇ ha-ssōḵēḵ mi-ttôḵ ʾaḇnê-ʾēš

Grammar Details

• *bə-rōḇ*: preposition + noun masculine singular construct - by abundance of
• *rəḵullātəḵā*: noun feminine singular + 2nd masculine singular suffix - your merchandise/trading
• *mālû*: qal perfect 3rd common plural - they filled
• *tôḵəḵā*: noun masculine singular + 2nd masculine singular suffix - your midst
• *ḥāmās*: noun masculine singular - violence
• *wa-tteḥĕṭāʾ*: conjunction + qal imperfect 2nd masculine singular - and you sinned
• *wā-ʾăḥalelḵā*: conjunction + piel imperfect 1st person singular + 2nd masculine singular suffix - and I profaned you
• *mē-har*: preposition + noun masculine singular construct - from the mountain of
• *ʾĕlōhîm*: noun masculine plural - God
• *wā-ʾăʾabbedḵā*: conjunction + piel imperfect 1st person singular + 2nd masculine singular suffix - and I destroyed you
• *kərûḇ*: noun masculine singular - cherub
• *ha-ssōḵēḵ*: definite article + qal participle masculine singular - the covering/guardian
• *mi-ttôḵ*: preposition + noun masculine singular construct - from the midst of
• *ʾaḇnê*-*ʾēš*: noun feminine plural construct + noun feminine singular - stones of fire

Word Meanings

• *rōḇ*: abundance/greatness/multitude
• *rəḵullāh*: merchandise/traffic/trading
• *ḥāmās*: violence/wrong/cruelty
• *ʾăḥalelḵā*: I profaned/defiled/treated as common
• *ʾăʾabbedḵā*: I destroyed/caused to perish/banished

Other Translations

• King James Version 1769 (Standard Version)

  By the multitude of thy merchandise they have filled the midst of thee with violence, and thou hast sinned: therefore I will cast thee as profane out of the mountain of God: and I will destroy thee, O covering cherub, from the midst of the stones of fire.

• KJV1611 – Modern English

  By the abundance of your trading they have filled your midst with violence, and you have sinned: therefore I will cast you as profane out of the mountain of God: and I will destroy you, O covering cherub, from the midst of the stones of fire.

• King James Version 1611 (Original)

  By the multitude of thy merchandise they have filled the midst of thee with violence, and thou hast sinned: therefore I will cast thee as profane out of the mountain of God: and I will destroy thee, O covering cherub, from the midst of the stones of fire.

• American Standard Version with Strong's Numbers

  By the abundance{H7230} of your traffic{H7404} they filled{H4390} the midst{H8432} of you with violence,{H2555} and you have sinned:{H2398} therefore have I cast you as profane{H2490} out of the mountain{H2022} of God;{H430} and I have destroyed{H6} you, O covering{H5526} cherub,{H3742} from the midst{H8432} of the stones{H68} of fire.{H784}

• King James Version with Strong's Numbers

  By the multitude{H7230} of thy merchandise{H7404} they have filled{H4390}{(H8804)} the midst{H8432} of thee with violence{H2555}, and thou hast sinned{H2398}{(H8799)}: therefore I will cast thee as profane{H2490}{(H8762)} out of the mountain{H2022} of God{H430}: and I will destroy{H6}{(H8762)} thee, O covering{H5526}{(H8802)} cherub{H3742}, from the midst{H8432} of the stones{H68} of fire{H784}.

• Coverdale Bible (1535)

  Because off thy greate marchaundise, thy hert is full of wickednesse, & thou hast offended. Therfore wil I cast the from the mount of God, (O thou coueringe Cherub) and destroye the amoge the glisteringe stones.

• Geneva Bible (1560)

  By the multitude of thy marchandise, they haue filled the middes of thee with crueltie, and thou hast sinned: therefore I will cast thee as prophane out of the mountaine of God: and I will destroy thee, O couering Cherub from the mids of the stones of fire.

• Bishops' Bible (1568)

  By the multitude of thy marchaundise they haue filled the mids of thee with crueltie, & thou haste sinned: I will cast thee as prophane out of the mount of God, & I will destroy thee O couering Cherub, from the mids of the stones of fire.

• Authorized King James Version (1611)

  By the multitude of thy merchandise they have filled the midst of thee with violence, and thou hast sinned: therefore I will cast thee as profane out of the mountain of God: and I will destroy thee, O covering cherub, from the midst of the stones of fire.

• Webster's Bible (1833)

  By the abundance of your traffic they filled the midst of you with violence, and you have sinned: therefore I have cast you as profane out of the mountain of God; and I have destroyed you, covering cherub, from the midst of the stones of fire.

• Young's Literal Translation (1862/1898)

  By the abundance of thy merchandise They have filled thy midst with violence, And thou dost sin, And I thrust thee from the mount of God, And I destroy thee, O covering cherub, From the midst of the stones of fire.

• American Standard Version (1901)

  By the abundance of thy traffic they filled the midst of thee with violence, and thou hast sinned: therefore have I cast thee as profane out of the mountain of God; and I have destroyed thee, O covering cherub, from the midst of the stones of fire.

• American Standard Version (1901)

  By the abundance of thy traffic they filled the midst of thee with violence, and thou hast sinned: therefore have I cast thee as profane out of the mountain of God; and I have destroyed thee, O covering cherub, from the midst of the stones of fire.

• Bible in Basic English (1941)

  Through all your trading you have become full of violent ways, and have done evil: so I sent you out shamed from the mountain of God; the winged one put an end to you from among the stones of fire.

• World English Bible (2000)

  By the abundance of your traffic they filled the midst of you with violence, and you have sinned: therefore I have cast you as profane out of the mountain of God; and I have destroyed you, covering cherub, from the midst of the stones of fire.

• NET Bible® (New English Translation)

  In the abundance of your trade you were filled with violence, and you sinned; so I defiled you and banished you from the mountain of God– the guardian cherub expelled you from the midst of the stones of fire.

Referenced Verses

• Hab 2:17 : 17 The violence you have done to Lebanon will overwhelm you, and the destruction of beasts will terrify you, because of human bloodshed and violence against the land, the city, and all who live in it.
• Gen 3:24 : 24 He drove out the man, and at the east of the garden of Eden He placed cherubim and a flaming sword that turned every way to guard the way to the tree of life.
• Ezek 8:17 : 17 And He said to me, 'Have you seen this, son of man? Is it a trivial thing for the house of Judah to commit the abominations they commit here? For they have filled the land with violence and continually anger Me. Behold, they are even putting the branch to their nose!
• Hab 2:8 : 8 Because you have plundered many nations, the remnant of peoples will plunder you—because of human bloodshed and violence against the land, the cities, and everyone who lives in them.
• Ezek 27:12-36 : 12 Tarshish traded with you because of your great wealth of goods, exchanging silver, iron, tin, and lead for your wares. 13 Javan, Tubal, and Meshech traded with you; they exchanged human lives and bronze articles for your merchandise. 14 From Beth Togarmah, they traded horses, war horses, and mules for your goods. 15 The men of Dedan were your merchants; many coastlands were your clients; they paid you with ivory tusks and ebony wood as your payments. 16 Aram traded with you because of the vast amount of your products; they exchanged turquoise, purple fabric, embroidered work, fine linen, coral, and rubies for your wares. 17 Judah and the land of Israel were your merchants. They traded wheat from Minnith, sweet confections, honey, oil, and balm for your merchandise. 18 Damascus traded with you because of the abundance of your goods and the multitude of your wealth, offering wine from Helbon and fine white wool. 19 Dan and Javan from Uzal exchanged your goods for wrought iron, cassia, and aromatic cane, contributing to your merchandise. 20 The men of Dedan were your merchants, dealing in luxurious garments for chariot riders. 21 Arabia and all the princes of Kedar were merchants at your service, trading lambs, rams, and goats with you. 22 The merchants of Sheba and Raamah traded with you, offering the finest spices, precious stones, and gold in exchange for your wares. 23 Haran, Canneh, and Eden, as well as the merchants of Sheba, Assyria, and Chilmad, traded with you. 24 They sold you luxurious items, embroidered blue and multicolored garments, treasures of fine clothes, bound with strong cords, packed securely for your market. 25 The ships of Tarshish carried your goods as your trading fleet. You were filled with merchandise and became glorious in the heart of the seas. 26 Your rowers brought you into deep waters, but the east wind broke you apart in the heart of the seas. 27 Your wealth, merchandise, wares, sailors, pilots, ship-repairers, merchants, and all your warriors, along with the people in your midst, will sink into the heart of the seas on the day of your ruin. 28 At the sound of the cries of your pilots, the surrounding lands will tremble. 29 All who handle the oars, the sailors, and all the seafaring captains will disembark from their ships and stand on the shore. 30 They will mourn over you with loud cries, bitterly wailing, throwing dust on their heads and rolling in ashes. 31 They will shave their heads for you and wrap themselves in sackcloth. In deep anguish and bitter mourning, they will weep for you. 32 And they will chant a dirge for you, lamenting, 'Who was ever like Tyre, silenced and destroyed in the midst of the sea?' 33 When your merchandise went out to the seas, you satisfied many peoples. With your abundant wealth and your goods, you enriched the kings of the earth. 34 Now that you are broken in the seas, in the depths of the waters, your goods and all your company have fallen in your midst. 35 All the inhabitants of the coastlands are appalled at you; their kings shudder with horror, their faces troubled. 36 The merchants among the peoples hiss at you; you have become a source of terror and will cease to exist forever.
• Ezek 28:14 : 14 You were an anointed guardian cherub, and I placed you on the holy mountain of God. You walked among the stones of fire.
• Hos 12:7 : 7 But you must return to your God; maintain love and justice and wait for your God continually.
• Amos 3:9 : 9 Proclaim to the strongholds in Ashdod and to the strongholds in the land of Egypt: "Assemble yourselves on the mountains of Samaria, and see the great tumults within her and the oppression among her people."
• Mic 2:2 : 2 They covet fields and seize them; they take houses and rob them. They oppress a man and his house, a person and their inheritance.
• Mic 2:10 : 10 Get up and leave, for this is not your resting place! Because it is defiled, it brings destruction—a grievous destruction.
• Mic 6:12 : 12 Her rich men are full of violence; her inhabitants speak lies, and their tongues are deceitful in their mouths.
• Gen 6:11 : 11 Now the earth was corrupt in the sight of God, and the earth was filled with violence.
• Lev 18:24-28 : 24 Do not defile yourselves by any of these practices, for the nations I am driving out before you have defiled themselves by all these things. 25 Even the land was defiled; so I punished it for its sin, and the land vomited out its inhabitants. 26 But you are to keep my statutes and my judgments. Do not commit any of these abominations, whether you are a native-born or a foreigner residing among you. 27 For all these abominations were committed by the people who lived in the land before you, and the land was defiled. 28 Make sure the land does not vomit you out when you defile it, as it vomited out the nation that was there before you.
• Isa 22:19 : 19 I will depose you from your office, and you will be ousted from your position.
• Isa 23:9 : 9 The LORD of Hosts has planned it, to defile the pride of all glory, to humble all who are honored on the earth.
• Isa 23:17-18 : 17 At the end of seventy years, the LORD will attend to Tyre. She will return to her hire and will prostitute herself to all the kingdoms of the world on the face of the earth. 18 Yet her merchandise and her hire will be consecrated to the LORD; it will not be stored or hoarded, but it will provide for those who live in the presence of the LORD—for abundant food and fine clothing.
• Zeph 1:9 : 9 On that day I will punish everyone who leaps over the threshold, who fills their master’s house with violence and deceit.
• Luke 19:45-46 : 45 Then he entered the temple and began to drive out those who were selling and buying there. 46 He told them, 'It is written: My house will be a house of prayer, but you have made it a den of robbers!'.
• John 2:16 : 16 To those selling doves He said, 'Get these out of here! Stop turning My Father's house into a marketplace!'
• 1 Tim 6:9-9 : 9 But those who desire to be rich fall into temptation, a trap, and many foolish and harmful desires that plunge people into ruin and destruction. 10 For the love of money is a root of all kinds of evil, and by craving it, some have wandered away from the faith and pierced themselves with many pains.
• 2 Pet 2:4-6 : 4 For if God did not spare the angels who sinned but cast them into hell, putting them in chains of darkness to be held for judgment, 5 and if He did not spare the ancient world but preserved Noah, a preacher of righteousness, along with seven others when He brought the flood on the ungodly world, 6 and if He condemned the cities of Sodom and Gomorrah to destruction by reducing them to ashes and made them an example of what is going to happen to the ungodly,
• Rev 12:9 : 9 The great dragon was hurled down—that ancient serpent called the devil, or Satan, who leads the whole world astray. He was hurled to the earth, and his angels with him.