Isaiah 59:12

Linguistic Bible Translation from Source Texts

For our transgressions are multiplied before You, and our sins testify against us. Indeed, our transgressions are with us, and we know our iniquities.

📖 Grammatical Analysis

Original Text

כִּֽי־רַבּ֤וּ פְשָׁעֵ֙ינוּ֙ נֶגְדֶּ֔ךָ וְחַטֹּאותֵ֖ינוּ עָ֣נְתָה בָּ֑נוּ כִּֽי־פְשָׁעֵ֣ינוּ אִתָּ֔נוּ וַעֲוֺנֹתֵ֖ינוּ יְדַֽעֲנֽוּם׃

Transliteration

Kî-rabbû pəšāʿênû before-you and-ḥaṭṭōʾwtênû ʿānətāh against-us kî-pəšāʿênû with-us and-ʿăwōnōtênû yədaʿănûm

Grammar Details

• *Kî-rabbû*: conjunction + verb, qal perfect, 3rd plural - for they are many
• *pəšāʿênû*: noun, masculine plural construct with 1st plural suffix - our transgressions
• *ḥaṭṭōʾwtênû*: noun, feminine plural construct with 1st plural suffix - our sins
• *ʿānətāh*: verb, qal perfect, 3rd feminine singular - she testifies/answers
• *kî-pəšāʿênû*: conjunction + noun, masculine plural construct with 1st plural suffix - for our transgressions
• *ʿăwōnōtênû*: noun, masculine plural construct with 1st plural suffix - our iniquities
• *yədaʿănûm*: verb, qal perfect, 1st plural with 3rd masculine plural suffix - we know them

Word Meanings

• *rabbû*: are many/numerous/great
• *pəšāʿênû*: our transgressions/rebellions/crimes
• *ḥaṭṭōʾwtênû*: our sins/failures/misdeeds
• *ʿānətāh*: testifies/answers/responds
• *ʿăwōnōtênû*: our iniquities/guilt/perversities
• *yədaʿănûm*: we know them/acknowledge them/recognize them

Other Translations

• King James Version 1769 (Standard Version)

  For our transgressions are multiplied before thee, and our sins testify against us: for our transgressions are with us; and as for our iniquities, we know them;

• KJV1611 – Modern English

  For our transgressions are multiplied before you, and our sins testify against us: for our transgressions are with us; and as for our iniquities, we know them;

• King James Version 1611 (Original)

  For our transgressions are multiplied before thee, and our sins testify against us: for our transgressions are with us; and as for our iniquities, we know them;

• American Standard Version with Strong's Numbers

  For our transgressions{H6588} are multiplied{H7231} before thee, and our sins{H2403} testify{H6030} against us; for our transgressions{H6588} are with us, and as for our iniquities,{H5771} we know{H3045} them:

• King James Version with Strong's Numbers

  For our transgressions{H6588} are multiplied{H7231}{(H8804)} before thee, and our sins{H2403} testify{H6030}{(H8804)} against us: for our transgressions{H6588} are with us; and as for our iniquities{H5771}, we know{H3045}{(H8804)} them;

• Coverdale Bible (1535)

  For or offences are many before ye, & or synnes testifie agaynst vs. Yee we must cofesse yt we offende, & knowlege, yt we do amysse:

• Geneva Bible (1560)

  For our trespasses are many before thee, and our sinnes testifie against vs: for our trespasses are with vs, and we knowe our iniquities

• Bishops' Bible (1568)

  For our offences are many before thee, and our sinnes testifie against vs: yea we must confesse that we offende, and knowledge that we do amisse,

• Authorized King James Version (1611)

  For our transgressions are multiplied before thee, and our sins testify against us: for our transgressions [are] with us; and [as for] our iniquities, we know them;

• Webster's Bible (1833)

  For our transgressions are multiplied before you, and our sins testify against us; for our transgressions are with us, and as for our iniquities, we know them:

• Young's Literal Translation (1862/1898)

  For our transgressions have been multiplied before Thee, And our sins have testified against us, For our transgressions `are' with us, And our iniquities -- we have known them.

• American Standard Version (1901)

  For our transgressions are multiplied before thee, and our sins testify against us; for our transgressions are with us, and as for our iniquities, we know them:

• American Standard Version (1901)

  For our transgressions are multiplied before thee, and our sins testify against us; for our transgressions are with us, and as for our iniquities, we know them:

• Bible in Basic English (1941)

  For our evil doings are increased before you, and our sins give witness against us: for our evil doings are with us, and we have knowledge of our sins:

• World English Bible (2000)

  For our transgressions are multiplied before you, and our sins testify against us; for our transgressions are with us, and as for our iniquities, we know them:

• NET Bible® (New English Translation)

  For you are aware of our many rebellious deeds, and our sins testify against us; indeed, we are aware of our rebellious deeds; we know our sins all too well.

Referenced Verses

• Ezra 9:6 : 6 I said, 'My God, I am ashamed and humiliated to lift my face to you, my God, because our sins are higher than our heads, and our guilt has reached the heavens.'
• Jer 14:7 : 7 Though our iniquities testify against us, LORD, act for the sake of Your name. Indeed, our backslidings are many; we have sinned against You.
• Hos 5:5 : 5 The pride of Israel testifies against him; Israel and Ephraim will stumble in their guilt, and Judah also will stumble with them.
• Hos 7:10 : 10 Israel’s arrogance testifies against him, yet they do not return to the LORD their God or seek him in all this.
• Matt 23:32-33 : 32 Fill up, then, the measure of your forefathers' sins! 33 You serpents, you brood of vipers! How can you escape being sentenced to hell?
• Rom 3:19-20 : 19 Now we know that whatever the law says, it speaks to those who are under the law, so that every mouth may be silenced and the whole world held accountable to God. 20 Therefore no one will be justified in His sight by works of the law; for through the law comes the knowledge of sin.
• 1 Thess 2:15-16 : 15 They killed both the Lord Jesus and their own prophets, and they drove us out. They do not please God and are hostile to everyone. 16 They forbid us to speak to the Gentiles so that they may be saved. In this way, they constantly fill up the measure of their sins. But the wrath of God has come upon them fully.
• Ezek 5:6 : 6 But she has rebelled against My rules more wickedly than the nations and against My statutes more than the surrounding countries. They have rejected My judgments and have not walked in My statutes.
• Ezek 7:23 : 23 Prepare chains, for the land is full of bloodshed, and the city is full of violence.
• Ezek 8:8-9 : 8 He said to me, 'Son of man, dig through the wall now.' So I dug through the wall, and behold, there was an entrance. 9 And He said to me, 'Go in and see the wicked abominations they are doing here.' 10 So I went in and looked, and behold, there were all sorts of carvings of crawling things, detestable animals, and all the idols of the house of Israel engraved on the walls all around. 11 Seventy elders of the house of Israel were standing there, with Jaazaniah, son of Shaphan, standing among them. Each had a censer in his hand, and a thick cloud of incense was rising. 12 Then He said to me, 'Son of man, have you seen what the elders of the house of Israel are doing in the darkness, each in the chamber of his carved images? For they say, ‘The Lord does not see us; the Lord has abandoned the land.’' 13 And He said to me, 'You will see even greater abominations that they are committing.' 14 Then He brought me to the entrance of the north gate of the house of the Lord, and behold, there sat women weeping for Tammuz. 15 And He said to me, 'Have you seen this, son of man? You will see even greater abominations than these.' 16 Then He brought me into the inner court of the house of the Lord, and behold, at the entrance of the temple of the Lord, between the porch and the altar, there were about twenty-five men with their backs to the temple of the Lord and their faces toward the east, bowing down to the sun in the east.
• Ezek 16:51-52 : 51 Samaria did not sin as much as you did. You multiplied your abominations more than they did, and your actions have justified your sisters in comparison to all your abominations. 52 Now bear your disgrace as you have judged your sisters. Because your sins were more abominable than theirs, they appear more righteous than you. So, be ashamed and bear your disgrace, for you have justified your sisters.
• Ezek 22:2-9 : 2 Son of man, will you judge? Will you judge the city of bloodshed and confront her with all her abominations? 3 Then say, 'This is what the Sovereign LORD says: You city that sheds blood in her midst to bring her time closer, and makes idols to defile herself, 4 You have become guilty because of the blood you have shed, and you are defiled by the idols you made. You have brought your days near and have come to the end of your years. Therefore, I have made you a disgrace to the nations and a mockery to all the lands. 5 Those near and those far from you will mock you, you who are defiled in name and full of turmoil. 6 See, the princes of Israel, each one by his own might, have been in you to shed blood. 7 Within you, they have treated father and mother with contempt; they have oppressed the foreigner in your midst; they have wronged the orphan and the widow. 8 You have despised my holy things and profaned my Sabbaths. 9 The men in you who slander for the purpose of shedding blood eat at the high places; they commit lewdness in your midst. 10 In you, they have dishonored their fathers' nakedness; they have violated women during their impurity. 11 One man commits an abomination with his neighbor’s wife, another defiles his daughter-in-law with wickedness, and another violates his sister, his father’s daughter. 12 In you, they accept bribes to shed blood; they take interest and increase unlawfully. You have gained profit in extorting your neighbors, and you have forgotten me, declares the Sovereign LORD.
• Ezek 22:24-30 : 24 Son of man, say to the land: You are a land that is not cleansed or rained on in the day of wrath. 25 There is a conspiracy of her prophets within her, like a roaring lion that tears its prey; they have devoured lives, seized treasure and precious things, and made many widows within her. 26 Her priests do violence to my law and profane my holy things; they do not distinguish between the holy and the common or teach the difference between the unclean and the clean. They shut their eyes to my Sabbaths, and so I am profaned among them. 27 Her officials within her are like wolves tearing their prey; they shed blood and destroy lives to make unjust gain. 28 Her prophets plaster false visions for them, prophesying lies and saying, ‘This is what the Sovereign LORD says,’ when the LORD has not spoken. 29 The people of the land practice extortion and commit robbery; they oppress the poor and needy and mistreat the foreigner, denying them justice. 30 I searched for someone among them who would build up the wall and stand in the gap before me on behalf of the land so that I would not destroy it, but I found no one.
• Ezek 23:2-9 : 2 Son of man, there were two women, daughters of the same mother. 3 They committed adultery in Egypt; in their youth, they acted unfaithfully. There, their breasts were fondled, and their virginity was violated. 4 Their names were Oholah, the elder, and Oholibah, her sister. They became mine and gave birth to sons and daughters. Their names represent Samaria as Oholah, and Jerusalem as Oholibah. 5 Oholah was unfaithful to me and lusted after her lovers—the Assyrians, who were near. 6 They were clothed in blue, governors and officials, all of them young and desirable men, skilled horsemen riding on horses. 7 She gave herself to them, all the elite of the Assyrians, and defiled herself with all the idols she lusted after. 8 She did not abandon the adulteries she began in Egypt, where men slept with her in her youth, fondling her virgin breasts and pouring out their lust upon her. 9 Therefore, I handed her over to her lovers, the Assyrians whom she lusted after. 10 They exposed her nakedness, seized her sons and daughters, and killed her with the sword. She became a byword among women, and they carried out judgment against her. 11 Her sister Oholibah saw this, yet she was even more corrupt in her lust, and her adulteries exceeded those of her sister. 12 She too lusted after the Assyrians—governors and officials nearby—elegantly clothed, skilled horsemen, and all young and desirable men. 13 I saw that she too was defiled; both had followed the same corrupt path. 14 But she went even further with her adulteries. She saw men carved on the walls, images of the Chaldeans portrayed in vermilion. 15 They were girded with belts at their waists, with flowing turbans on their heads. All of them looked like officers, resembling the men of Babylon, born in Chaldea. 16 As soon as she saw them, she lusted after them and sent messengers to them in Chaldea. 17 Then the Babylonians came to her, to her bed of love, and defiled her with their lust. After she was defiled by them, she turned away from them in disgust. 18 When she openly displayed her prostitution and exposed her nakedness, I turned away from her in disgust, just as I had turned away from her sister. 19 Yet she increased her prostitution, remembering the days of her youth when she prostituted herself in the land of Egypt. 20 She lusted after her lovers there, whose genitals were like those of donkeys and whose emission was like that of horses. 21 So you revisited the lewdness of your youth, when the Egyptians fondled your breasts and caressed your young bosom. 22 Therefore, Oholibah, this is what the Lord GOD says: 'I am about to stir up your lovers against you, those from whom you turned away in disgust, and I will bring them against you from every side— 23 the Babylonians and all the Chaldeans, Pekod, Shoa, and Koa, and all the Assyrians with them, handsome young men, governors and commanders, chariot soldiers, and men of renown, all mounted on horses. 24 They will come against you with weapons, chariots, and wagons, and with a vast army. They will take up shields, helmets, and armor against you on every side. I will hand you over to them for judgment, and they will punish you according to their laws. 25 I will direct my jealous fury against you, and they will deal with you in anger. They will cut off your nose and ears, and your survivors will fall by the sword. They will take your sons and daughters, and those who remain will be consumed by fire. 26 They will strip you of your clothes and take your beautiful jewelry. 27 So I will put an end to your lewdness and your prostitution, which you brought from the land of Egypt. You will not look longingly at them again or remember Egypt anymore. 28 For this is what the Sovereign LORD says: 'I am about to deliver you into the hands of those you hate, into the hands of those you turned away from in disgust.' 29 They will deal with you in hatred, take away all you have worked for, and leave you naked and bare. The shame of your prostitution will be exposed—your lewdness and promiscuity. 30 These things will be done to you because you prostituted yourself to the nations, defiling yourself with their idols. 31 You have followed in the path of your sister; therefore, I will put her cup into your hand. 32 This is what the Sovereign LORD says: 'You will drink your sister’s cup, a cup deep and wide. It will bring scorn and ridicule, as it holds much to bear.' 33 It will be a cup filled with drunkenness and sorrow, a cup of horror and desolation, the cup of your sister Samaria. 34 You will drink it and drain it dry, and then gnaw on its broken pieces and tear your breasts. For I have spoken, declares the Sovereign LORD. 35 Therefore this is what the Sovereign LORD says: 'Because you have forgotten me and thrust me behind your back, you must also bear the consequences of your lewdness and prostitution.' 36 The LORD said to me: 'Son of man, will you judge Oholah and Oholibah? Then confront them with their abominations.' 37 For they have committed adultery and blood is on their hands. They committed adultery with their idols; they even sacrificed their children, whom they bore to me, passing them through the fire as food for their idols. 38 They have also done this to me: On the same day they defiled my sanctuary and desecrated my Sabbaths. 39 When they slaughtered their children as sacrifices to their idols, they came to my sanctuary on the same day to desecrate it. See, this is what they have done in my house. 40 Furthermore, they sent for men from far away, messengers were dispatched to them, and they came. You bathed yourself, painted your eyes, and adorned yourself with jewelry. 41 You sat on a glorious couch with a table prepared before it, where you placed my incense and my oil. 42 The sound of a carefree crowd was with her, and drunkards were brought from the desert. They put bracelets on their wrists and beautiful crowns on their heads. 43 Then I said about the one worn out by adultery, ‘Now they will continue their acts of fornication with her.’ 44 They went to her as men go to a prostitute. In the same way, they went to Oholah and Oholibah, the immoral women. 45 But righteous men will judge them for committing adultery and shedding blood, because they are adulteresses, and blood is on their hands. 46 For this is what the Sovereign LORD says: ‘Bring a great assembly against them and hand them over to terror and plunder.' 47 They will stone them and cut them down with their swords. They will kill their sons and daughters and burn down their houses with fire. 48 So I will put an end to lewdness in the land, so that all women may be warned and refrain from imitating your immoral ways. 49 You will bear the punishment for your lewdness and the sins of your idols. Then you will know that I am the Sovereign LORD.
• Ezek 24:6-9 : 6 Therefore, this is what the Lord God says: Woe to the city of bloodshed, to the pot whose corrosion is in it and whose rust will not come off! Take its pieces out one by one; no lot will be cast for them. 7 For the blood she has shed is inside her; she placed it on the bare rock. She did not pour it on the ground to cover it with dust. 8 To stir up wrath and bring vengeance, I have placed her blood on the bare rock, so it would not be covered. 9 Therefore, this is what the Lord God says: Woe to the city of bloodshed! I myself will make the fire great. 10 Heap on the wood, kindle the fire, boil the flesh thoroughly, mix in the spices, and let the bones burn. 11 Set the pot on its coals empty, so that it may become hot and its bronze burned. Its filthiness will melt away; its corrosion will be consumed. 12 She has wearied herself with toil, and her heavy corrosion has not gone from her; her rust will be burned away in the fire. 13 Because of your unclean behavior and wickedness, though I tried to cleanse you, you would not be clean. You will not be cleansed again until I have satisfied my wrath upon you. 14 I, the Lord, have spoken. It will come to pass, and I will act. I will not relent, I will not show pity, nor will I change my mind. According to your ways and your deeds, you will be judged, declares the Lord God.
• Dan 9:5-8 : 5 we have sinned and done wrong; we have acted wickedly, rebelled, and turned away from Your commandments and judgments. 6 We have not listened to Your servants the prophets, who spoke in Your name to our kings, our rulers, our ancestors, and to all the people of the land. 7 Lord, righteousness belongs to You, but shame covers our faces today—to the people of Judah, the inhabitants of Jerusalem, and all Israel, both near and far, in all the countries where You have driven them because of their unfaithfulness to You. 8 O LORD, shame covers us—our kings, our rulers, and our ancestors—because we have sinned against You.
• Hos 4:2 : 2 There is swearing, lying, murder, stealing, and adultery; they break all bounds, and bloodshed follows bloodshed.
• Ezra 9:13 : 13 After everything that has happened to us because of our evil deeds and great guilt—though you, our God, have punished us less than our sins deserved and have given us a remnant like this—
• Neh 9:33 : 33 You are righteous in all that has happened to us, because You have acted faithfully while we have acted wickedly.
• Isa 1:4 : 4 Woe to a sinful nation, a people loaded down with guilt, offspring of evildoers, children who act corruptly! They have abandoned the LORD, spurned the Holy One of Israel, and turned their backs on Him.
• Isa 3:9 : 9 The look on their faces testifies against them, and like Sodom, they openly declare their sin; they do not try to conceal it. Woe to them! For they have brought disaster upon themselves.
• Jer 3:2 : 2 Lift up your eyes to the barren heights and see. Where have you not been violated? By the roads you sat waiting for lovers, like a nomad in the desert. You have defiled the land with your prostitution and wickedness.
• Jer 5:3-9 : 3 Lord, are Your eyes not on truth? You struck them, but they felt no pain; You consumed them, but they refused to accept discipline. They hardened their faces more than a rock and refused to repent. 4 Then I thought, 'These are only the poor; they are foolish because they do not know the way of the Lord, the justice of their God.' 5 So I will go to the great leaders and speak to them, for they should know the way of the Lord, the justice of their God. But they too, as one, have broken off the yoke and torn off the bonds. 6 Therefore, a lion from the forest will attack them, a wolf from the wilderness will ravage them, and a leopard is watching their cities. Anyone who goes out will be torn apart, because their transgressions are many and their backslidings are numerous. 7 How can I pardon you? Your children have forsaken Me and sworn by false gods. I satisfied them, but they committed adultery and gathered at the houses of prostitutes. 8 They were like well-fed, lusty stallions, each neighing for his neighbor's wife. 9 Should I not punish them for these things? declares the Lord. Should I not take vengeance on a nation like this?
• Jer 5:25-29 : 25 Your iniquities have diverted these blessings, and your sins have withheld good things from you. 26 Among My people are wicked men. They lie in wait like those who set traps; they set deadly snares to catch people. 27 Like a cage full of birds, so their houses are full of deceit. Because of this, they have become great and rich. 28 They have grown fat and sleek. They excel in evil deeds; they do not defend the rights of the fatherless so they might prosper, nor do they uphold the cause of the needy. 29 Should I not punish them for these things? declares the Lord. Should I not avenge Myself on such a nation as this?
• Jer 7:8-9 : 8 But look, you are trusting in deceptive words that are worthless. 9 Will you steal, murder, commit adultery, swear falsely, burn incense to Baal, and follow other gods that you have not known, 10 and then come and stand before me in this house, which bears my name, and say, ‘We are safe,’ only to go on doing all these detestable things?