Acts 8:23

biblecontext

{ "verseID": "Acts.8.23", "source": "Εἰς γὰρ χολὴν πικρίας, καὶ σύνδεσμον ἀδικίας ὁρῶ σε ὄντα.", "text": "For in *cholēn pikrias*, and *syndesmon adikias* I *horō* you *onta*.", "grammar": { "*cholēn*": "accusative, feminine, singular - gall/bile", "*pikrias*": "genitive, feminine, singular - of bitterness", "*syndesmon*": "accusative, masculine, singular - bond/chain", "*adikias*": "genitive, feminine, singular - of iniquity", "*horō*": "present active indicative, 1st singular - see/perceive", "*onta*": "present active participle, accusative, masculine, singular - being" }, "variants": { "*cholēn pikrias*": "gall of bitterness/bitter gall", "*syndesmon adikias*": "bond of iniquity/chain of unrighteousness", "*horō*": "see/perceive/observe", "*onta*": "being/existing" } }

📖 Grammatical Analysis

Original Text

Εἰς γὰρ χολὴν πικρίας, καὶ σύνδεσμον ἀδικίας ὁρῶ σε ὄντα.

Transliteration

For in cholēn pikrias, and syndesmon adikias I horō you onta.

Grammar Details

• *cholēn*: accusative, feminine, singular - gall/bile
• *pikrias*: genitive, feminine, singular - of bitterness
• *syndesmon*: accusative, masculine, singular - bond/chain
• *adikias*: genitive, feminine, singular - of iniquity
• *horō*: present active indicative, 1st singular - see/perceive
• *onta*: present active participle, accusative, masculine, singular - being

Word Meanings

• *cholēn pikrias*: gall of bitterness/bitter gall
• *syndesmon adikias*: bond of iniquity/chain of unrighteousness
• *horō*: see/perceive/observe
• *onta*: being/existing

Other Translations

• Linguistic Bible Translation from Source Texts

  For I see that you are full of bitterness and captive to sin.

• King James Version 1769 (Standard Version)

  For I perceive that thou art in the gall of bitterness, and in the bond of iniquity.

• KJV1611 – Modern English

  For I perceive that you are in the gall of bitterness and in the bond of iniquity.

• King James Version 1611 (Original)

  For I perceive that thou art in the gall of bitterness, and in the bond of iniquity.

• American Standard Version with Strong's Numbers

  For I see that thou art in the gall of bitterness and in the bond of iniquity.

• King James Version with Strong's Numbers

  For I perceive that thou art in the gall of bitterness, and in the bond of iniquity.

• Tyndale Bible (1526/1534)

  For I perceave that thou arte full of bitter gall and wrapped in iniquite.

• Coverdale Bible (1535)

  For I se, yt thou art full of bytter gall, and wrapped in wt vnrighteousnesse.

• Geneva Bible (1560)

  For I see that thou art in the gall of bitternes, and in the bonde of iniquitie.

• Bishops' Bible (1568)

  For I perceaue yt thou art in the gall of bitternesse, & wrapped in iniquitie.

• Authorized King James Version (1611)

  For I perceive that thou art in the gall of bitterness, and [in] the bond of iniquity.

• Webster's Bible (1833)

  For I see that you are in the gall of bitterness and in the bondage of iniquity."

• Young's Literal Translation (1862/1898)

  for in the gall of bitterness, and bond of unrighteousness, I perceive thee being.'

• American Standard Version (1901)

  For I see that thou art in the gall of bitterness and in the bond of iniquity.

• American Standard Version (1901)

  For I see that thou art in the gall of bitterness and in the bond of iniquity.

• Bible in Basic English (1941)

  For I see that you are prisoned in bitter envy and the chains of sin.

• World English Bible (2000)

  For I see that you are in the gall of bitterness and in the bondage of iniquity."

• NET Bible® (New English Translation)

  For I see that you are bitterly envious and in bondage to sin.”

Referenced Verses

• Isa 58:6 : 6 { "verseID": "Isaiah.58.6", "source": "הֲל֣וֹא זֶה֮ צ֣וֹם אֶבְחָרֵהוּ֒ פַּתֵּ֙חַ֙ חַרְצֻבּ֣וֹת רֶ֔שַׁע הַתֵּ֖ר אֲגֻדּ֣וֹת מוֹטָ֑ה וְשַׁלַּ֤ח רְצוּצִים֙ חָפְשִׁ֔ים וְכָל־מוֹטָ֖ה תְּנַתֵּֽקוּ׃", "text": "*hă*-not this *ṣôm* *ʾebḥārēhû* *pattēaḥ* *ḥarṣubbôt* *rešaʿ* *hattēr* *ʾăguddôt* *môṭāh* *wə*-*šallaḥ* *rəṣûṣîm* *ḥāpšîm* *wə*-all-*môṭāh* *tənatēqû*", "grammar": { "*hă*-*lôʾ*": "interrogative particle with negative - is not?", "*zeh*": "demonstrative - this", "*ṣôm*": "noun - fast", "*ʾebḥārēhû*": "imperfect 1st person singular with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - I choose it", "*pattēaḥ*": "infinitive absolute - to loose/open", "*ḥarṣubbôt*": "noun, plural construct - bonds/fetters of", "*rešaʿ*": "noun - wickedness", "*hattēr*": "infinitive absolute - to untie/loosen", "*ʾăguddôt*": "noun, plural construct - bonds/bands of", "*môṭāh*": "noun - yoke", "*wə*-*šallaḥ*": "conjunction with infinitive absolute - and to let go", "*rəṣûṣîm*": "passive participle masculine plural - oppressed", "*ḥāpšîm*": "adjective masculine plural - free", "*wə*-*kol*-*môṭāh*": "conjunction with noun 'all' with noun - and every yoke", "*tənatēqû*": "imperfect 2nd person masculine plural - you break" }, "variants": { "*ṣôm*": "fast/fasting", "*ʾebḥārēhû*": "I choose it/I select it/I prefer it", "*pattēaḥ*": "to loose/to open/to unbind", "*ḥarṣubbôt*": "bonds/fetters/chains", "*rešaʿ*": "wickedness/evil/injustice", "*hattēr*": "to untie/to loosen/to release", "*ʾăguddôt*": "bonds/bands/bindings", "*môṭāh*": "yoke/bar", "*šallaḥ*": "to let go/to send away/to release", "*rəṣûṣîm*": "oppressed/crushed ones", "*ḥāpšîm*": "free/liberty", "*tənatēqû*": "you break/you tear off/you pull apart" } }
• Prov 5:22 : 22 { "verseID": "Proverbs.5.22", "source": "עַֽווֹנוֹתָ֗יו יִלְכְּדֻנ֥וֹ אֶת־הָרָשָׁ֑ע וּבְחַבְלֵ֥י חַ֝טָּאת֗וֹ יִתָּמֵֽךְ", "text": "His-*ʿăwōnôt* *yilkĕdûnô* *ʾet*-the-*rāšāʿ* and-in-*ḥablê* his-*ḥaṭṭāʾt* *yittāmēk*", "grammar": { "*ʿăwōnôt*": "noun, masculine plural with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his iniquities", "*yilkĕdûnô*": "verb, qal imperfect 3rd person masculine plural with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - they will capture him", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*rāšāʿ*": "adjective, masculine singular - wicked person", "*ḥablê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - cords/ropes of", "*ḥaṭṭāʾt*": "noun, feminine singular with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his sin", "*yittāmēk*": "verb, niphal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular - he will be held/seized" }, "variants": { "*ʿăwōnôt*": "iniquities/guilt/punishment", "*yilkĕdûnô*": "capture him/trap him/seize him", "*rāšāʿ*": "wicked person/criminal/guilty one", "*ḥablê*": "cords/ropes/bonds/snares", "*ḥaṭṭāʾt*": "sin/offense/punishment/purification", "*yittāmēk*": "be held/be seized/be supported/be sustained" } }
• John 8:34 : 34 { "verseID": "John.8.34", "source": "Ἀπεκρίθη αὐτοῖς ὁ Ἰησοῦς, Ἀμὴν, ἀμὴν, λέγω ὑμῖν, ὅτι Πᾶς ὁ ποιῶν τὴν ἁμαρτίαν δοῦλός ἐστιν τῆς ἁμαρτίας.", "text": "*Apekrithē* to-them the *Iēsous*, *Amēn, amēn, legō* to-you, that *Pas ho poiōn tēn hamartian doulos estin tēs hamartias*.", "grammar": { "*Apekrithē*": "aorist passive indicative, 3rd person singular - he answered/replied [completed action]", "*Iēsous*": "nominative masculine singular - Jesus", "*Amēn*": "Hebrew loanword - truly/verily", "*legō*": "present active indicative, 1st person singular - I say/tell", "*Pas*": "adjective, nominative masculine singular - everyone/all", "*ho poiōn*": "present active participle, nominative masculine singular - the one doing/practicing", "*tēn hamartian*": "accusative feminine singular - the sin", "*doulos*": "nominative masculine singular - slave/servant", "*estin*": "present active indicative, 3rd person singular - is", "*tēs hamartias*": "genitive feminine singular - of the sin" }, "variants": { "*Amēn*": "truly/verily/certainly [emphatic Hebrew affirmation]", "*poiōn*": "doing/practicing/committing/performing", "*hamartian*": "sin/missing the mark/error/failure", "*doulos*": "slave/servant/bondservant" } }
• Heb 12:15 : 15 { "verseID": "Hebrews.12.15", "source": "Ἐπισκοποῦντες μή τις ὑστερῶν ἀπὸ τῆς χάριτος τοῦ Θεοῦ· μή τις ῥίζα πικρίας ἄνω φύουσα ἐνοχλῇ, καὶ διὰ ταὐτῆς μιανθῶσιν πολλοί·", "text": "*Episkopountes* lest anyone *hysterōn* from the *charitos* of *Theou*; lest any *rhiza pikrias anō phyousa enochlē*, and through this *mianthōsin* many;", "grammar": { "*Episkopountes*": "participle, present active, nominative, plural, masculine - watching over/looking carefully", "*hysterōn*": "participle, present active, nominative, singular, masculine - falling short/coming behind", "*charitos*": "noun, genitive, singular, feminine - of grace", "*Theou*": "noun, genitive, singular, masculine - of God", "*rhiza*": "noun, nominative, singular, feminine - root", "*pikrias*": "noun, genitive, singular, feminine - of bitterness", "*anō*": "adverb - upward/above", "*phyousa*": "participle, present active, nominative, singular, feminine - springing up/growing", "*enochlē*": "verb, present active subjunctive, 3rd person singular - cause trouble/disturb", "*mianthōsin*": "verb, aorist passive subjunctive, 3rd person plural - be defiled/polluted" }, "variants": { "*Episkopountes*": "watching over/looking carefully/seeing to it/overseeing", "*hysterōn*": "falling short/coming behind/failing/missing", "*enochlē*": "cause trouble/disturb/create difficulty", "*mianthōsin*": "be defiled/polluted/contaminated" } }
• 2 Pet 2:4 : 4 { "verseID": "2 Peter.2.4", "source": "Εἰ γὰρ ὁ Θεὸς ἀγγέλων ἁμαρτησάντων οὐκ ἐφείσατο, ἀλλὰ σειραῖς ζόφου, ταρταρώσας παρέδωκεν εἰς κρίσιν τηρουμένους·", "text": "*Ei gar ho Theos angelōn hamartēsantōn ouk epheisato, alla seirais zophou, tartarōsas paredōken eis krisin tēroumenous*;", "grammar": { "*Ei*": "conditional conjunction - 'if'", "*gar*": "postpositive particle - 'for'", "*ho Theos*": "nominative singular masculine - 'God'", "*angelōn*": "genitive plural masculine - 'of angels'", "*hamartēsantōn*": "aorist active participle, genitive plural masculine - 'having sinned'", "*ouk epheisato*": "negative + aorist indicative middle, 3rd singular - 'did not spare'", "*alla*": "adversative conjunction - 'but'", "*seirais*": "dative plural feminine - 'with chains'", "*zophou*": "genitive singular masculine - 'of darkness/gloom'", "*tartarōsas*": "aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine - 'having cast into Tartarus'", "*paredōken*": "aorist indicative active, 3rd singular - 'delivered/handed over'", "*eis krisin*": "preposition with accusative singular feminine - 'for/unto judgment'", "*tēroumenous*": "present passive participle, accusative plural masculine - 'being kept/reserved'" }, "variants": { "*epheisato*": "spared/had mercy on/withheld punishment", "*seirais*": "chains/ropes/bonds", "*zophou*": "darkness/gloom/deep darkness", "*tartarōsas*": "having cast into Tartarus/having sent to the deepest abyss", "*paredōken*": "delivered/handed over/committed", "*krisin*": "judgment/trial/condemnation", "*tēroumenous*": "being kept/guarded/preserved/reserved" } }
• 2 Pet 2:19 : 19 { "verseID": "2 Peter.2.19", "source": "Ἐλευθερίαν αὐτοῖς ἐπαγγελλόμενοι, αὐτοὶ δοῦλοι ὑπάρχοντες τῆς φθορᾶς: ᾧ γάρ τις ἥττηται, τούτῳ καὶ δεδούλωται.", "text": "*Eleutherian autois epangellomenoi, autoi douloi hyparchontes tēs phthoras: hō gar tis hēttētai, toutō kai dedoulōtai*.", "grammar": { "*Eleutherian*": "accusative singular feminine - 'freedom/liberty'", "*autois*": "dative plural masculine - 'to them'", "*epangellomenoi*": "present middle participle, nominative plural masculine - 'promising'", "*autoi*": "nominative plural masculine intensive pronoun - 'themselves'", "*douloi*": "nominative plural masculine - 'slaves'", "*hyparchontes*": "present active participle, nominative plural masculine - 'being/existing'", "*tēs phthoras*": "genitive singular feminine - 'of corruption'", "*hō*": "dative singular masculine/neuter relative pronoun - 'by what/whom'", "*gar*": "postpositive particle - 'for'", "*tis*": "nominative singular masculine indefinite pronoun - 'someone'", "*hēttētai*": "perfect indicative passive, 3rd singular - 'has been overcome'", "*toutō*": "dative singular masculine/neuter demonstrative pronoun - 'to this/by this'", "*kai*": "conjunction/adverb - 'also'", "*dedoulōtai*": "perfect indicative passive, 3rd singular - 'has been enslaved'" }, "variants": { "*Eleutherian*": "freedom/liberty/independence", "*epangellomenoi*": "promising/proclaiming/announcing", "*douloi*": "slaves/servants/bondservants", "*hyparchontes*": "being/existing/belonging as", "*phthoras*": "corruption/destruction/depravity", "*hēttētai*": "has been overcome/conquered/defeated", "*dedoulōtai*": "has been enslaved/made a slave" } }
• Rom 6:17-22 : 17 { "verseID": "Romans.6.17", "source": "Χάρις δὲ τῷ Θεῷ, ὅτι ἦτε δοῦλοι τῆς ἁμαρτίας, ὑπηκούσατε δὲ ἐκ καρδίας εἰς ὃν παρεδόθητε τύπον διδαχῆς.", "text": "*Charis de tō Theō*, *hoti ēte douloi tēs hamartias*, *hypēkousate de ek kardias eis hon paredothēte typon didachēs*.", "grammar": { "*Charis*": "nominative, feminine, singular - thanks/grace", "*de*": "postpositive particle - but/and/now", "*tō Theō*": "dative, masculine, singular - to God", "*hoti*": "conjunction - that", "*ēte*": "imperfect active indicative, 2nd person plural - you were", "*douloi*": "nominative, masculine, plural - slaves", "*tēs hamartias*": "genitive, feminine, singular - of sin", "*hypēkousate*": "aorist active indicative, 2nd person plural - you obeyed", "*de*": "postpositive particle - but/and", "*ek kardias*": "prepositional phrase, genitive, feminine, singular - from heart", "*eis hon*": "prepositional phrase with relative pronoun, accusative, masculine, singular - to which", "*paredothēte*": "aorist passive indicative, 2nd person plural - you were delivered/committed", "*typon*": "accusative, masculine, singular - form/pattern", "*didachēs*": "genitive, feminine, singular - of teaching/doctrine" }, "variants": { "*Charis*": "thanks/grace/gratitude", "*Theō*": "God/deity", "*ēte*": "you were/you used to be", "*douloi*": "slaves/servants/bondservants", "*hamartias*": "sin/error/missing the mark", "*hypēkousate*": "you obeyed/you submitted to", "*kardias*": "heart/inner being/mind", "*paredothēte*": "you were delivered/handed over/entrusted", "*typon*": "form/pattern/mold/standard", "*didachēs*": "teaching/instruction/doctrine" } } 18 { "verseID": "Romans.6.18", "source": "Ἐλευθερωθέντες δὲ ἀπὸ τῆς ἁμαρτίας, ἐδουλώθητε τῇ δικαιοσύνῃ.", "text": "*Eleutherōthentes de apo tēs hamartias*, *edoulōthēte tē dikaiosynē*.", "grammar": { "*Eleutherōthentes*": "aorist passive participle, nominative, masculine, plural - having been freed", "*de*": "postpositive particle - but/and/now", "*apo tēs hamartias*": "prepositional phrase, genitive, feminine, singular - from sin", "*edoulōthēte*": "aorist passive indicative, 2nd person plural - you were enslaved", "*tē dikaiosynē*": "dative, feminine, singular - to righteousness" }, "variants": { "*Eleutherōthentes*": "having been freed/having been set free/liberated", "*hamartias*": "sin/error/missing the mark", "*edoulōthēte*": "you were enslaved/you became slaves/you were bound", "*dikaiosynē*": "righteousness/justice/right standing" } } 19 { "verseID": "Romans.6.19", "source": "Ἀνθρώπινον λέγω διὰ τὴν ἀσθένειαν τῆς σαρκὸς ὑμῶν: ὥσπερ γὰρ παρεστήσατε τὰ μέλη ὑμῶν δοῦλα τῇ ἀκαθαρσίᾳ καὶ τῇ ἀνομίᾳ εἰς τὴν ἀνομίαν· οὕτως νῦν παραστήσατε τὰ μέλη ὑμῶν δοῦλα τῇ δικαιοσύνῃ εἰς ἁγιασμόν.", "text": "*Anthrōpinon legō dia tēn astheneian tēs sarkos hymōn*: *hōsper gar parestēsate ta melē hymōn doula tē akatharsia kai tē anomia eis tēn anomian*; *houtōs nyn parastēsate ta melē hymōn doula tē dikaiosynē eis hagiasmon*.", "grammar": { "*Anthrōpinon*": "adjective, accusative, neuter, singular - human", "*legō*": "present active indicative, 1st person singular - I speak", "*dia tēn astheneian*": "prepositional phrase, accusative, feminine, singular - because of the weakness", "*tēs sarkos*": "genitive, feminine, singular - of the flesh", "*hymōn*": "personal pronoun, genitive, 2nd person plural - your", "*hōsper*": "comparative conjunction - just as", "*gar*": "postpositive conjunction - for", "*parestēsate*": "aorist active indicative, 2nd person plural - you presented/yielded", "*ta melē*": "accusative, neuter, plural - the members/parts", "*hymōn*": "personal pronoun, genitive, 2nd person plural - your", "*doula*": "accusative, neuter, plural - slaves", "*tē akatharsia*": "dative, feminine, singular - to uncleanness", "*kai*": "conjunction - and", "*tē anomia*": "dative, feminine, singular - to lawlessness", "*eis tēn anomian*": "prepositional phrase, accusative, feminine, singular - to lawlessness", "*houtōs*": "adverb - thus/so", "*nyn*": "adverb - now", "*parastēsate*": "aorist active imperative, 2nd person plural - present/yield", "*doula tē dikaiosynē*": "slaves to righteousness", "*eis hagiasmon*": "prepositional phrase, accusative, masculine, singular - to sanctification" }, "variants": { "*Anthrōpinon*": "human/in human terms", "*legō*": "I speak/I say/I mean", "*astheneian*": "weakness/infirmity/frailty", "*sarkos*": "flesh/human nature/physical existence", "*parestēsate*": "you presented/you yielded/you offered", "*melē*": "members/parts/limbs", "*doula*": "slaves/servants/in bondage", "*akatharsia*": "uncleanness/impurity/moral corruption", "*anomia*": "lawlessness/iniquity/wickedness", "*dikaiosynē*": "righteousness/justice/right standing", "*hagiasmon*": "sanctification/holiness/consecration" } } 20 { "verseID": "Romans.6.20", "source": "Ὅτε γὰρ δοῦλοι ἦτε τῆς ἁμαρτίας, ἐλεύθεροι ἦτε τῇ δικαιοσύνῃ.", "text": "For *hote douloi ēte tēs hamartias*, *eleutheroi ēte tē dikaiosynē*.", "grammar": { "*hote*": "temporal conjunction - when", "*douloi*": "nominative, masculine, plural - slaves", "*ēte*": "imperfect active indicative, 2nd person plural - you were", "*tēs hamartias*": "genitive, feminine, singular - of sin", "*eleutheroi*": "nominative, masculine, plural - free", "*ēte*": "imperfect active indicative, 2nd person plural - you were", "*tē dikaiosynē*": "dative, feminine, singular - to righteousness" }, "variants": { "*douloi*": "slaves/servants/bondservants", "*ēte*": "you were/you used to be", "*hamartias*": "sin/error/missing the mark", "*eleutheroi*": "free/unrestrained/independent", "*dikaiosynē*": "righteousness/justice/right standing" } } 21 { "verseID": "Romans.6.21", "source": "Τίνα οὖν καρπὸν εἴχετε τότε ἐφʼ οἷς νῦν ἐπαισχύνεσθε; τὸ γὰρ τέλος ἐκείνων θάνατος.", "text": "*Tina oun karpon eichete tote eph' hois nyn epaischynesthe*? *to gar telos ekeinōn thanatos*.", "grammar": { "*Tina*": "interrogative pronoun, accusative, masculine, singular - what", "*oun*": "inferential particle - therefore/then", "*karpon*": "accusative, masculine, singular - fruit", "*eichete*": "imperfect active indicative, 2nd person plural - you had/were having", "*tote*": "adverb - then/at that time", "*eph' hois*": "prepositional phrase with relative pronoun, dative, neuter, plural - in the things which", "*nyn*": "adverb - now", "*epaischynesthe*": "present passive indicative, 2nd person plural - you are ashamed", "*to gar telos*": "for the end", "*ekeinōn*": "demonstrative pronoun, genitive, neuter, plural - of those things", "*thanatos*": "nominative, masculine, singular - death" }, "variants": { "*karpon*": "fruit/result/outcome", "*eichete*": "you had/you were having", "*epaischynesthe*": "you are ashamed/you feel shame", "*telos*": "end/outcome/purpose", "*ekeinōn*": "of those things/of them", "*thanatos*": "death/spiritual death" } } 22 { "verseID": "Romans.6.22", "source": "Νυνὶ δὲ ἐλευθερωθέντες ἀπὸ τῆς ἁμαρτίας, δουλωθέντες δὲ τῷ Θεῷ, ἔχετε τὸν καρπὸν ὑμῶν εἰς ἁγιασμόν, τὸ δὲ τέλος ζωὴν αἰώνιον.", "text": "*Nyni de eleutherōthentes apo tēs hamartias*, *doulōthentes de tō Theō*, *echete ton karpon hymōn eis hagiasmon*, *to de telos zōēn aiōnion*.", "grammar": { "*Nyni*": "adverb - now", "*de*": "postpositive particle - but/and/now", "*eleutherōthentes*": "aorist passive participle, nominative, masculine, plural - having been freed", "*apo tēs hamartias*": "prepositional phrase, genitive, feminine, singular - from sin", "*doulōthentes*": "aorist passive participle, nominative, masculine, plural - having been enslaved", "*tō Theō*": "dative, masculine, singular - to God", "*echete*": "present active indicative, 2nd person plural - you have", "*ton karpon*": "accusative, masculine, singular - the fruit", "*hymōn*": "personal pronoun, genitive, 2nd person plural - your", "*eis hagiasmon*": "prepositional phrase, accusative, masculine, singular - to sanctification", "*to de telos*": "but the end", "*zōēn*": "accusative, feminine, singular - life", "*aiōnion*": "adjective, accusative, feminine, singular - eternal" }, "variants": { "*Nyni*": "now/at this time", "*eleutherōthentes*": "having been freed/liberated/set free", "*hamartias*": "sin/error/missing the mark", "*doulōthentes*": "having been enslaved/having become slaves", "*Theō*": "God/deity", "*karpon*": "fruit/result/outcome", "*hagiasmon*": "sanctification/holiness/consecration", "*telos*": "end/outcome/goal", "*zōēn aiōnion*": "eternal life/everlasting life/life of the age to come" } }
• Titus 3:3 : 3 { "verseID": "Titus.3.3", "source": "Ἦμεν γάρ ποτε καὶ ἡμεῖς ἀνόητοι, ἀπειθεῖς, πλανώμενοι, δουλεύοντες ἐπιθυμίαις καὶ ἡδοναῖς ποικίλαις, ἐν κακίᾳ καὶ φθόνῳ διάγοντες, στυγητοί, μισοῦντες ἀλλήλους.", "text": "*Ēmen gar pote* and *hēmeis anoētoi*, *apeitheis*, *planōmenoi*, *douleuontes epithymiais* and *hēdonais poikilais*, in *kakia* and *phthonō diagōntes*, *stygētoi*, *misountes allēlous*.", "grammar": { "*Ēmen*": "imperfect, 1st plural - we were", "*gar*": "conjunction - for/because", "*pote*": "adverb - once/formerly/at one time", "*hēmeis*": "nominative, 1st plural - we", "*anoētoi*": "nominative, masculine, plural - foolish/senseless", "*apeitheis*": "nominative, masculine, plural - disobedient/unbelieving", "*planōmenoi*": "present passive participle, nominative, masculine, plural - being deceived/going astray", "*douleuontes*": "present active participle, nominative, masculine, plural - serving/being slaves to", "*epithymiais*": "dative, feminine, plural - lusts/desires/passions", "*hēdonais*": "dative, feminine, plural - pleasures/enjoyments", "*poikilais*": "dative, feminine, plural - various/diverse", "*kakia*": "dative, feminine, singular - malice/evil/wickedness", "*phthonō*": "dative, masculine, singular - envy/jealousy", "*diagōntes*": "present active participle, nominative, masculine, plural - living/spending [time]", "*stygētoi*": "nominative, masculine, plural - hateful/detestable", "*misountes*": "present active participle, nominative, masculine, plural - hating", "*allēlous*": "accusative, masculine, plural - one another/each other" }, "variants": { "*anoētoi*": "foolish/senseless/unintelligent/uncomprehending", "*apeitheis*": "disobedient/unbelieving/refusing to be persuaded", "*planōmenoi*": "being deceived/going astray/wandering/being led astray", "*douleuontes*": "serving/being slaves to/being in bondage to", "*epithymiais*": "lusts/desires/passions/cravings", "*hēdonais*": "pleasures/enjoyments/gratifications", "*poikilais*": "various/diverse/manifold/of various kinds", "*kakia*": "malice/evil/wickedness/badness", "*phthonō*": "envy/jealousy/ill-will", "*diagōntes*": "living/spending [time]/passing through life", "*stygētoi*": "hateful/detestable/abhorrent/loathsome", "*misountes*": "hating/detesting" } }
• Isa 28:22 : 22 { "verseID": "Isaiah.28.22", "source": "וְעַתָּה אַל־תִּתְלוֹצָצוּ פֶּן־יֶחְזְקוּ מוֹסְרֵיכֶם כִּי־כָלָה וְנֶחֱרָצָה שָׁמַעְתִּי מֵאֵת אֲדֹנָי יְהוִה צְבָאוֹת עַל־כָּל־הָאָרֶץ", "text": "And-now not-*tiṯlôṣāṣû* lest-*yeḥzəqû* *môsərêḵem* for-*ḵālāh* and-*neḥĕrāṣāh* *šāmaʿtî* from-*ʾēṯ* *ʾăḏōnāy* *YHWH* *ṣəḇāʾôṯ* upon-all-*hāʾāreṣ*", "grammar": { "*tiṯlôṣāṣû*": "hitpael imperfect 2nd masculine plural - you scoff", "*yeḥzəqû*": "qal imperfect 3rd masculine plural - they become strong", "*môsərêḵem*": "masculine plural noun + 2nd masculine plural suffix - your bonds", "*ḵālāh*": "feminine singular noun - complete destruction", "*neḥĕrāṣāh*": "niphal participle feminine singular - determined", "*šāmaʿtî*": "qal perfect 1st common singular - I have heard", "*ʾēṯ*": "preposition - from", "*ʾăḏōnāy*": "divine title - Lord/my Lord", "*YHWH*": "divine name - LORD", "*ṣəḇāʾôṯ*": "masculine plural noun - hosts/armies", "*hāʾāreṣ*": "definite article + feminine singular noun - the earth/land" }, "variants": { "*tiṯlôṣāṣû*": "you scoff/you mock/you scorn", "*yeḥzəqû*": "become strong/be strengthened", "*môsərêḵem*": "your bonds/your chains/your fetters", "*ḵālāh*": "complete destruction/consumption/annihilation", "*neḥĕrāṣāh*": "determined/decreed/decided" } }
• Jer 4:18 : 18 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.4.18", "source": "דַּרְכֵּךְ֙ וּמַ֣עֲלָלַ֔יִךְ עָשׂ֥וֹ אֵ֖לֶּה לָ֑ךְ זֹ֤את רָעָתֵךְ֙ כִּ֣י מָ֔ר כִּ֥י נָגַ֖ע עַד־לִבֵּֽךְ׃ ס", "text": "Your *darəkēḵ* and your *maʿălālayiḵ* *ʿāśû* *ʾēlleh* to you; *zōʾt* your *rāʿātēḵ* for *mār*, for *nāgaʿ* to your *libbēḵ*", "grammar": { "*darəkēḵ*": "masculine singular noun with 2nd feminine singular suffix - your way", "*maʿălālayiḵ*": "masculine plural noun with 2nd feminine singular suffix - your deeds", "*ʿāśû*": "qal perfect, 3rd common plural - they have done/made", "*ʾēlleh*": "common plural demonstrative pronoun - these things", "*zōʾt*": "feminine singular demonstrative pronoun - this", "*rāʿātēḵ*": "feminine singular noun with 2nd feminine singular suffix - your evil", "*mār*": "adjective, masculine singular - bitter", "*nāgaʿ*": "qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - it has reached/touched", "*libbēḵ*": "masculine singular noun with 2nd feminine singular suffix - your heart" }, "variants": { "*darəkēḵ*": "your way/path/conduct", "*maʿălālayiḵ*": "your deeds/actions/practices", "*ʿāśû*": "done/made/caused", "*ʾēlleh*": "these things/these", "*zōʾt*": "this/this is", "*rāʿātēḵ*": "your evil/wickedness/calamity", "*mār*": "bitter/painful/grievous", "*nāgaʿ*": "reached/touched/struck", "*libbēḵ*": "your heart/mind/inner self" } }
• Jer 9:15 : 15 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.9.15", "source": "וַהֲפִֽצוֹתִים֙ בַּגּוֹיִ֔ם אֲשֶׁר֙ לֹ֣א יָֽדְע֔וּ הֵ֖מָּה וַֽאֲבוֹתָ֑ם וְשִׁלַּחְתִּ֤י אַֽחֲרֵיהֶם֙ אֶת־הַחֶ֔רֶב עַ֥ד כַּלּוֹתִ֖י אוֹתָֽם׃", "text": "*wahăpîṣôtîm* among-the-*gôyîm* *'ăšer* *lō'* *yādĕ'û* *hēmmāh* and-*'ăbôtām* *wĕšillaḥtî* after-*'aḥărêhem* *'et*-the-*ḥereb* until *kallôtî* *'ôtām*", "grammar": { "*wahăpîṣôtîm*": "conjunction + perfect verb, 1st person singular, hiphil with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - and I will scatter them", "*gôyîm*": "masculine plural noun with definite article and prefixed preposition - among the nations", "*'ăšer*": "relative particle - whom", "*lō'*": "negative particle - not", "*yādĕ'û*": "perfect verb, 3rd person common plural - they have known", "*hēmmāh*": "personal pronoun, 3rd person masculine plural - they", "*'ăbôtām*": "masculine plural noun with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - and their fathers", "*wĕšillaḥtî*": "conjunction + perfect verb, 1st person singular - and I will send", "*'aḥărêhem*": "preposition with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - after them", "*'et*": "direct object marker", "*ḥereb*": "feminine noun with definite article - the sword", "*kallôtî*": "infinitive construct with 1st person singular suffix - my consuming", "*'ôtām*": "direct object marker with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - them" }, "variants": { "*wahăpîṣôtîm*": "and I will scatter them/disperse them/spread them", "*gôyîm*": "nations/peoples/gentiles", "*yādĕ'û*": "they have known/recognized/experienced", "*wĕšillaḥtî*": "and I will send/dispatch/let loose", "*ḥereb*": "sword/war/violence", "*kallôtî*": "my consuming/finishing/completing", "*'ôtām*": "them" } }
• Lam 3:5 : 5 { "verseID": "Lamentations.3.5", "source": "בָּנָ֥ה עָלַ֛י וַיַּקַּ֖ף רֹ֥אשׁ וּתְלָאָֽה׃", "text": "*bānâ* against *ʿālây* *wayyaqqap* *rōʾš* and *telāʾâ*", "grammar": { "*bānâ*": "verb, qal perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - built", "*ʿālây*": "preposition with 1st person singular suffix - against me", "*wayyaqqap*": "verb, hiphil imperfect consecutive, 3rd person masculine singular - and he surrounded", "*rōʾš*": "noun, masculine singular - head/poison", "*telāʾâ*": "noun, feminine singular - hardship/travail" }, "variants": { "*bānâ*": "built/constructed/established", "*wayyaqqap*": "and he surrounded/and he encompassed", "*rōʾš*": "head/poison/venom/gall", "*telāʾâ*": "hardship/travail/weariness" } }
• Lam 3:19 : 19 { "verseID": "Lamentations.3.19", "source": "זְכָר־עָנְיִ֥י וּמְרוּדִ֖י לַעֲנָ֥ה וָרֹֽאשׁ׃", "text": "*zekār* *ʿānyî* and *merûdî* *laʿănâ* and *rōʾš*", "grammar": { "*zekār*": "verb, qal imperative, masculine singular - remember", "*ʿānyî*": "noun, masculine singular construct with 1st person singular suffix - my affliction", "*merûdî*": "noun, masculine singular construct with 1st person singular suffix - my homelessness", "*laʿănâ*": "noun, feminine singular - wormwood", "*rōʾš*": "noun, masculine singular - poison/gall" }, "variants": { "*ʿānyî*": "my affliction/my misery", "*merûdî*": "my homelessness/my wandering/my restlessness", "*rōʾš*": "poison/gall/venom/bitterness" } }
• Deut 29:18-20 : 18 { "verseID": "Deuteronomy.29.18", "source": "וְהָיָ֡ה בְּשָׁמְעוֹ֩ אֶת־דִּבְרֵ֨י הָֽאָלָ֜ה הַזֹּ֗את וְהִתְבָּרֵ֨ךְ בִּלְבָב֤וֹ לֵאמֹר֙ שָׁל֣וֹם יִֽהְיֶה־לִּ֔י כִּ֛י בִּשְׁרִר֥וּת לִבִּ֖י אֵלֵ֑ךְ לְמַ֛עַן סְפ֥וֹת הָרָוָ֖ה אֶת־הַצְּמֵאָֽה׃", "text": "And-*hāyāh* in-*šomʿô* *ʾet*-*dibrê* the-*ʾālāh* the-*zōʾt* and-*hitbārēḵ* in-*lᵉbābô* to-*lēʾmōr* *šālôm* *yihyeh*-to-me, for in-*šᵉrîrût* *libbî* *ʾēlēḵ*; for-purpose-of *sᵉp̄ôt* the-*rāwāh* *ʾet*-the-*ṣᵉmēʾāh*.", "grammar": { "*hāyāh*": "Qal perfect 3rd masculine singular consecutive - and it will be", "*šomʿô*": "Qal infinitive construct with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his hearing", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*dibrê*": "noun masculine plural construct - words of", "*ʾālāh*": "noun feminine singular - oath/curse", "*zōʾt*": "demonstrative adjective feminine singular - this", "*hitbārēḵ*": "Hitpael perfect 3rd masculine singular consecutive - and he blesses himself", "*lᵉbābô*": "noun masculine singular construct with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his heart", "*lēʾmōr*": "Qal infinitive construct - to say", "*šālôm*": "noun masculine singular - peace", "*yihyeh*": "Qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - it will be", "*šᵉrîrût*": "noun feminine singular construct - stubbornness of", "*libbî*": "noun masculine singular construct with 1st common singular suffix - my heart", "*ʾēlēḵ*": "Qal imperfect 1st common singular - I will walk", "*sᵉp̄ôt*": "Qal infinitive construct - to sweep away", "*rāwāh*": "adjective feminine singular - watered/saturated", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*ṣᵉmēʾāh*": "adjective feminine singular - thirsty" }, "variants": { "*hitbārēḵ*": "blesses himself/congratulates himself/reassures himself", "*šālôm*": "peace/well-being/safety", "*šᵉrîrût*": "stubbornness/hardness/willfulness", "*sᵉp̄ôt*": "to add/sweep away/destroy", "*rāwāh*": "watered/saturated/drunken", "*ṣᵉmēʾāh*": "thirsty/dry/parched" } } 19 { "verseID": "Deuteronomy.29.19", "source": "לֹא־יֹאבֶ֣ה יְהוָה֮ סְלֹ֣חַֽ לוֹ֒ כִּ֣י אָ֠ז יֶעְשַׁ֨ן אַף־יְהוָ֤ה וְקִנְאָתוֹ֙ בָּאִ֣ישׁ הַה֔וּא וְרָ֤בְצָה־‪[c]‬ בּוֹ֙ כָּל־הָ֣אָלָ֔ה הַכְּתוּבָ֖ה בַּסֵּ֣פֶר הַזֶּ֑ה וּמָחָ֤ה יְהוָה֙ אֶת־שְׁמ֔וֹ מִתַּ֖חַת הַשָּׁמָֽיִם׃", "text": "Not-*yōʾbeh* *YHWH* *sᵉlōaḥ* to-him, for then *yeʿšan* anger-*YHWH* and-*qinʾātô* against-the-*ʾîš* the-that, and-*rābṣāh* against-him all-the-*ʾālāh* the-*kᵉtûbāh* in-the-*sēp̄er* the-*zeh*, and-*māḥāh* *YHWH* *ʾet*-*šᵉmô* from-under the-*šāmāyim*.", "grammar": { "*yōʾbeh*": "Qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - he will be willing", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - the divine name", "*sᵉlōaḥ*": "Qal infinitive construct - to forgive/pardon", "*yeʿšan*": "Qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - it will smoke", "*qinʾātô*": "noun feminine singular construct with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his jealousy", "*ʾîš*": "noun masculine singular - man", "*rābṣāh*": "Qal perfect 3rd feminine singular - it will lie down", "*ʾālāh*": "noun feminine singular - oath/curse", "*kᵉtûbāh*": "Qal passive participle feminine singular - written", "*sēp̄er*": "noun masculine singular - book/scroll", "*zeh*": "demonstrative adjective masculine singular - this", "*māḥāh*": "Qal perfect 3rd masculine singular consecutive - and he will wipe out", "*šᵉmô*": "noun masculine singular construct with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his name", "*šāmāyim*": "noun masculine plural - heavens" }, "variants": { "*yōʾbeh*": "be willing/consent/agree", "*sᵉlōaḥ*": "to forgive/pardon/spare", "*yeʿšan*": "smoke/burn/be kindled", "*qinʾātô*": "his jealousy/zeal/passion", "*rābṣāh*": "settle upon/crouch/lie in wait", "*māḥāh*": "wipe out/blot out/destroy" } } 20 { "verseID": "Deuteronomy.29.20", "source": "וְהִבְדִּיל֤וֹ יְהוָה֙ לְרָעָ֔ה מִכֹּ֖ל שִׁבְטֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל כְּכֹל֙ אָל֣וֹת הַבְּרִ֔ית הַכְּתוּבָ֕ה בְּסֵ֥פֶר הַתּוֹרָ֖ה הַזֶּֽה׃", "text": "And-*hibdîlô* *YHWH* for-*rāʿāh* from-all *šibṭê* *Yiśrāʾēl*, according-to-all *ʾālôt* the-*bᵉrît* the-*kᵉtûbāh* in-*sēp̄er* the-*tôrāh* the-*zeh*.", "grammar": { "*hibdîlô*": "Hiphil perfect 3rd masculine singular consecutive with 3rd masculine singular suffix - and he will separate him", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - the divine name", "*rāʿāh*": "noun feminine singular - evil/harm", "*šibṭê*": "noun masculine plural construct - tribes of", "*Yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel", "*ʾālôt*": "noun feminine plural construct - curses of", "*bᵉrît*": "noun feminine singular - covenant", "*kᵉtûbāh*": "Qal passive participle feminine singular - written", "*sēp̄er*": "noun masculine singular construct - book of", "*tôrāh*": "noun feminine singular - law/instruction", "*zeh*": "demonstrative adjective masculine singular - this" }, "variants": { "*hibdîlô*": "separate him/single him out/set him apart", "*rāʿāh*": "evil/harm/disaster/calamity", "*ʾālôt*": "curses/oaths/imprecations", "*tôrāh*": "law/instruction/teaching" } }
• Deut 32:32-33 : 32 { "verseID": "Deuteronomy.32.32", "source": "כִּֽי־מִגֶּ֤פֶן סְדֹם֙ גַּפְנָ֔ם וּמִשַּׁדְמֹ֖ת עֲמֹרָ֑ה עֲנָבֵ֙מוֹ֙ עִנְּבֵי־ר֔וֹשׁ אַשְׁכְּלֹ֥ת מְרֹרֹ֖ת לָֽמוֹ׃", "text": "For from-*gep̄en* *Səḏōm* *gap̄nām*, and-from-*šaḏmōṯ* *ʿĂmōrāh*; *ʿănāḇêmô* *ʿinnəḇê*-*rôš*, *ʾaškəlōṯ* *mərōrōṯ* to-them.", "grammar": { "*kî*": "conjunction - for/because", "*mi*": "preposition - from", "*gep̄en*": "noun, feminine, singular construct - vine of", "*Səḏōm*": "proper noun - Sodom", "*gap̄nām*": "noun, feminine, singular construct with 3rd masculine plural suffix - their vine", "*û*": "conjunction - and", "*mi*": "preposition - from", "*šaḏmōṯ*": "noun, feminine, plural construct - fields of", "*ʿĂmōrāh*": "proper noun - Gomorrah", "*ʿănāḇêmô*": "noun, masculine, plural construct with 3rd masculine plural suffix - their grapes", "*ʿinnəḇê*": "noun, masculine, plural construct - grapes of", "*rôš*": "noun, masculine, singular - poison/venom/bitterness", "*ʾaškəlōṯ*": "noun, masculine, plural construct - clusters of", "*mərōrōṯ*": "noun, feminine, plural - bitterness/bitter things", "*lāmô*": "preposition with 3rd masculine plural suffix - to them/for them" }, "variants": { "*gep̄en*": "vine/grapevine", "*gap̄nām*": "their vine/their vineyard", "*šaḏmōṯ*": "fields/vineyards/terraces", "*ʿănāḇêmô*": "their grapes/their fruit", "*ʿinnəḇê*": "grapes of/berries of", "*rôš*": "poison/venom/gall/bitterness", "*ʾaškəlōṯ*": "clusters/bunches", "*mərōrōṯ*": "bitterness/bitter things/gall" } } 33 { "verseID": "Deuteronomy.32.33", "source": "חֲמַ֥ת תַּנִּינִ֖ם יֵינָ֑ם וְרֹ֥אשׁ פְּתָנִ֖ים אַכְזָֽר׃", "text": "*ḥămaṯ* *tannînîm* *yênām*, and-*rōʾš* *pəṯānîm* *ʾaḵzār*.", "grammar": { "*ḥămaṯ*": "noun, feminine, singular construct - venom of", "*tannînîm*": "noun, masculine, plural - serpents/dragons/sea monsters", "*yênām*": "noun, masculine, singular construct with 3rd masculine plural suffix - their wine", "*wə*": "conjunction - and", "*rōʾš*": "noun, masculine, singular construct - venom of", "*pəṯānîm*": "noun, masculine, plural - cobras/asps/vipers", "*ʾaḵzār*": "adjective, masculine, singular - cruel/deadly" }, "variants": { "*ḥămaṯ*": "venom/poison/fury", "*tannînîm*": "serpents/dragons/sea monsters/jackals", "*yênām*": "their wine/their drink", "*rōʾš*": "venom/poison/gall/bitterness", "*pəṯānîm*": "cobras/asps/vipers", "*ʾaḵzār*": "cruel/deadly/merciless" } }
• Job 20:14 : 14 { "verseID": "Job.20.14", "source": "לַ֭חְמוֹ בְּמֵעָ֣יו נֶהְפָּ֑ךְ מְרוֹרַ֖ת פְּתָנִ֣ים בְּקִרְבּֽוֹ׃", "text": "*laḥmô* *bĕ-* *mēʿāyw* *nehpāk* *mĕrôrat* *pĕtānîm* *bĕ-* *qirbô*", "grammar": { "*laḥmô*": "noun, masculine singular with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his bread/food", "*bĕ-*": "preposition - in", "*mēʿāyw*": "noun, masculine plural with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his intestines/bowels", "*nehpāk*": "niphal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - it is turned/changed", "*mĕrôrat*": "noun, feminine singular construct - bitterness/poison", "*pĕtānîm*": "noun, masculine plural - cobras/asps", "*bĕ-*": "preposition - in", "*qirbô*": "noun, masculine singular with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his inward part/midst" }, "variants": { "*laḥmô*": "his bread/his food/his nourishment", "*mēʿāyw*": "his intestines/his bowels/his stomach", "*nehpāk*": "is turned/is changed/is transformed", "*mĕrôrat*": "bitterness/poison/venom", "*pĕtānîm*": "cobras/asps/vipers", "*qirbô*": "his inward part/his midst/within him" } }
• Ps 116:16 : 16 { "verseID": "Psalms.116.16", "source": "אֽ͏ָנָּ֣ה יְהוָה֮ כִּֽי־אֲנִ֢י עַ֫בְדֶּ֥ךָ אֲ‍ֽנִי־עַ֭בְדְּךָ בֶּן־אֲמָתֶ֑ךָ פִּ֝תַּ֗חְתָּ לְמוֹסֵרָֽי׃", "text": "*ʾānnâ* *YHWH* for *ʾănî* *ʿavdeḵā* *ʾănî*-*ʿavdeḵā* *ben*-*ʾămāteḵā* *pittaḥtā* *le-môsērāy*", "grammar": { "*ʾānnâ*": "interjection - oh now/please/I beseech", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - divine name", "*kî*": "conjunction - for/because/that", "*ʾănî*": "pronoun, 1st person singular - I", "*ʿavdeḵā*": "noun, masculine singular construct with 2nd person masculine singular suffix - your servant", "*ʾănî*": "pronoun, 1st person singular - I", "*ʿavdeḵā*": "noun, masculine singular construct with 2nd person masculine singular suffix - your servant", "*ben*": "noun, masculine singular construct - son of", "*ʾămāteḵā*": "noun, feminine singular construct with 2nd person masculine singular suffix - your maidservant", "*pittaḥtā*": "verb, piel perfect, 2nd person masculine singular - you have loosed", "*le-môsērāy*": "preposition + noun, masculine plural construct with 1st person singular suffix - my bonds" }, "variants": { "*ʾānnâ*": "please/I beseech you/oh now", "*ʿavdeḵā*": "your servant/your slave", "*ʾămāteḵā*": "your maidservant/your female servant", "*pittaḥtā*": "you have loosed/you have freed/you have opened", "*môsērāy*": "my bonds/my chains/my fetters" } }