3 {
"verseID": "Isaiah.3.3",
"source": "שַׂר־חֲמִשִּׁ֖ים וּנְשׂ֣וּא פָנִ֑ים וְיוֹעֵ֛ץ וַחֲכַ֥ם חֲרָשִׁ֖ים וּנְב֥וֹן לָֽחַשׁ",
"text": "*śar*-*ḥămišîm* and-*nəśûʾ* *pānîm* and-*yôʿēṣ* and-*ḥăkam* *ḥărāšîm* and-*nəbôn* *lāḥaš*",
"grammar": {
"*śar*": "noun, masculine singular construct - captain/chief of",
"*ḥămišîm*": "number - fifty",
"*nəśûʾ*": "Qal passive participle, masculine singular - lifted up/exalted",
"*pānîm*": "noun, masculine plural - face/countenance",
"*yôʿēṣ*": "Qal participle, masculine singular - counselor/adviser",
"*ḥăkam*": "adjective, masculine singular construct - wise/skilled",
"*ḥărāšîm*": "noun, masculine plural - craftsmen/artisans/engravers",
"*nəbôn*": "Niphal participle, masculine singular - understanding/discerning",
"*lāḥaš*": "noun, masculine singular - whisper/charm/spell"
},
"variants": {
"*śar*": "captain/chief/prince/leader",
"*ḥămišîm*": "fifty (as a military unit)",
"*nəśûʾ pānîm*": "one of dignity/respected person/honored one",
"*yôʿēṣ*": "counselor/adviser/consultant",
"*ḥăkam ḥărāšîm*": "skilled craftsman/expert artisan/master of crafts",
"*nəbôn lāḥaš*": "skilled in enchantment/eloquent speaker/expert in incantation"
}
}
4 {
"verseID": "Isaiah.3.4",
"source": "וְנָתַתִּ֥י נְעָרִ֖ים שָׂרֵיהֶ֑ם וְתַעֲלוּלִ֖ים יִמְשְׁלוּ־בָֽם",
"text": "And-*nātattî* *nəʿārîm* *śārêhem* and-*taʿălûlîm* *yimšəlû*-in-them",
"grammar": {
"*wə*": "conjunction - and",
"*nātattî*": "Qal perfect, 1st person singular - I will give/set/place",
"*nəʿārîm*": "noun, masculine plural - youths/boys/lads",
"*śārêhem*": "noun, masculine plural construct with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - their princes/officials",
"*taʿălûlîm*": "noun, masculine plural - children/capricious ones",
"*yimšəlû*": "Qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine plural - they will rule/govern",
"*bām*": "preposition with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - in/against them"
},
"variants": {
"*nātattî*": "I will give/set/appoint/make",
"*nəʿārîm*": "youths/boys/lads/immature ones",
"*śārêhem*": "their princes/officials/rulers",
"*taʿălûlîm*": "children/capricious ones/childish ones/mockers",
"*yimšəlû*": "they will rule/govern/dominate/control"
}
}
5 {
"verseID": "Isaiah.3.5",
"source": "וְנִגַּ֣שׂ הָעָ֔ם אִ֥ישׁ בְּאִ֖ישׁ וְאִ֣ישׁ בְּרֵעֵ֑הוּ יִרְהֲב֗וּ הַנַּ֙עַר֙ בַּזָּקֵ֔ן וְהַנִּקְלֶ֖ה בַּנִּכְבָּֽד",
"text": "And-*niggaś* the-*ʿām*, *ʾîš* against-*ʾîš* and-*ʾîš* against-*rēʿēhû*; *yirhabû* the-*naʿar* against-the-*zāqēn*, and-the-*niqleh* against-the-*nikbād*",
"grammar": {
"*wə*": "conjunction - and",
"*niggaś*": "Niphal perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - will be oppressed",
"*hāʿām*": "definite noun, masculine singular - the people",
"*ʾîš*": "noun, masculine singular - man",
"*bə*": "preposition - against/in",
"*rēʿēhû*": "noun, masculine singular with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his neighbor",
"*yirhabû*": "Qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine plural - they will behave insolently",
"*hanaʿar*": "definite noun, masculine singular - the youth",
"*bazzāqēn*": "preposition with definite noun, masculine singular - against the elder",
"*hanniqleh*": "definite Niphal participle, masculine singular - the despised/dishonored one",
"*bannikbād*": "preposition with definite Niphal participle, masculine singular - against the honored one"
},
"variants": {
"*niggaś*": "will be oppressed/tyrannized/pressured",
"*ʿām*": "people/nation/folk",
"*ʾîš*": "man/each/one",
"*rēʿēhû*": "his neighbor/companion/fellow",
"*yirhabû*": "they will behave insolently/storm against/be arrogant",
"*naʿar*": "youth/boy/lad",
"*zāqēn*": "elder/old man/aged one",
"*niqleh*": "despised/dishonored/lightly esteemed",
"*nikbād*": "honored/respected/esteemed"
}
}