Verse 17

{ "verseID": "1 Kings.22.17", "source": "וַיֹּ֗אמֶר רָאִ֤יתִי אֶת־כָּל־יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ נְפֹצִ֣ים אֶל־הֶהָרִ֔ים כַּצֹּ֕אן אֲשֶׁ֥ר אֵין־לָהֶ֖ם רֹעֶ֑ה וַיֹּ֤אמֶר יְהוָה֙ לֹֽא־אֲדֹנִ֣ים לָאֵ֔לֶּה יָשׁ֥וּבוּ אִישׁ־לְבֵית֖וֹ בְּשָׁלֽוֹם׃", "text": "*wə-yōʾmer*, *rāʾîtî* *ʾet*-all-*Yiśrāʾēl* *nəpōṣîm* to-the-*hārîm*, like-the-*ṣōʾn* that *ʾên*-to-them *rōʿeh*. *wə-yōʾmer YHWH*, *lōʾ*-*ʾădōnîm* to-these; *yāšûbû ʾîš*-to-*bêtô* in-*šālôm*.", "grammar": { "*wə-yōʾmer*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect 3ms - and he said", "*rāʾîtî*": "qal perfect 1cs - I saw", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*Yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel", "*nəpōṣîm*": "niphal participle mp - scattered/dispersed", "*hārîm*": "masculine plural noun with definite article - the mountains", "*ṣōʾn*": "collective noun - flock/sheep", "*ʾên*": "particle of negation - there is not", "*rōʿeh*": "qal participle ms - shepherd", "*YHWH*": "divine name - Yahweh/LORD", "*lōʾ*": "negative particle - not", "*ʾădōnîm*": "masculine plural noun - masters/lords", "*yāšûbû*": "qal imperfect 3mp jussive - let them return", "*ʾîš*": "masculine singular noun - each man", "*bêtô*": "masculine singular noun with 3ms suffix - his house", "*šālôm*": "masculine singular noun - peace" }, "variants": { "*rāʾîtî*": "I saw/observed/noticed", "*nəpōṣîm*": "scattered/dispersed/spread out", "*hārîm*": "mountains/hills", "*ṣōʾn*": "flock/sheep/small cattle", "*rōʿeh*": "shepherd/herdsman/keeper", "*ʾădōnîm*": "masters/lords/owners", "*yāšûbû*": "let them return/go back/come back", "*šālôm*": "peace/welfare/safety/prosperity" } }

Other Translations

• GT, oversatt fra Hebraisk

  Da sa Mika: "Jeg så hele Israel spredt på fjellene som sauer uten gjeter. Og Herren sa: 'Disse har ingen herre. La dem vende tilbake, hver til sitt hus i fred.'"

• Moderne oversettelse av Bibelen fra 1611 KJV med hebraisk kontekst

  Mika svarte: «Jeg så hele Israel spredt utover fjellene, som sauer uten gjeter, og Herren sa: Disse har ingen herre. La hver mann vende hjem i fred.»

• Norsk King James

  Og han sa: "Jeg så hele Israel spredd utover fjellene, som sauer uten en hyrde; og Herren sa: "Disse har ingen herre; la dem vende tilbake hver og en til sitt hus i fred."

• Modernisert Norsk Bibel 1866

  Mika svarte: Jeg så hele Israel spredt på fjellene som sauer uten hyrde, og Herren sa: De har ingen herre; la dem få vende hjem i fred.

• Oversettelse av hebraiske Bibeltekster til moderne norsk bokmål

  Mika sa: 'Jeg så hele Israel spredt på fjellene som sauer uten hyrde, og Herren sa: De har ingen leder. La dem vende tilbake hver til sitt hus i fred.'

• Bibelen: En Moderne Oversettelse av King James Version 1611

  Da sa han: «Jeg så hele Israel spredt over fjellene som sauer uten gjeter. Herren sa: ‘Disse har ingen herre. La dem vende tilbake, hver til sitt hus i fred.’»

• o3-mini KJV Norsk

  Mikaia svarte: «Jeg så hele Israel spredd over bakkene, som sauer uten hyrde, og Herren sa: ‘Disse har ingen hersker; la hver mann vende i fred tilbake til sitt hus.’»

• En Moderne Oversettelse av King James Version 1611 (mar 2025)

  Da sa han: «Jeg så hele Israel spredt over fjellene som sauer uten gjeter. Herren sa: ‘Disse har ingen herre. La dem vende tilbake, hver til sitt hus i fred.’»

• Lingvistisk bibeloversettelse fra grunntekst

  Da sa han: «Jeg så hele Israel spredt på fjellene som sauer uten hyrde. Og Herren sa: De har ingen herre, la alle vende tilbake til sitt hus i fred.»

• Linguistic Bible Translation from Source Texts

  Then Micaiah said, 'I saw all Israel scattered on the hills like sheep without a shepherd. And the LORD said, “These people have no master; each one should go home in peace.”'

• GT, oversatt fra hebraisk Aug2024

  Da sa Mika: «Jeg så hele Israel spredt over fjellene som sauer uten gjeter. Og Herren sa: Disse har ingen herre. La hver av dem vende hjem i fred.»

• Original Norsk Bibel 1866

  Da sagde han: Jeg saae al Israel adspredt paa Bjergene ligesom Faarene, der have ingen Hyrde, og Herren sagde: Disse have ingen Herre, lad dem vende tilbage, hver til sit Huus med Fred.

• King James Version 1769 (Standard Version)

  And he said, I saw all Israel scattered upon the hills, as sheep that have not a shepherd: and the LORD said, These have no master: let them return every man to his house in peace.

• KJV 1769 norsk

  Han sa: Jeg så hele Israel spredd på fjellene, som sauer uten hyrde. Herren sa: Disse har ingen herre. La dem vende tilbake, hver til sitt hus i fred.

• KJV1611 - Moderne engelsk

  And he said, I saw all Israel scattered on the hills, as sheep without a shepherd: and the Lord said, These have no master: let them return every man to his house in peace.

• King James Version 1611 (Original)

  And he said, I saw all Israel scattered upon the hills, as sheep that have not a shepherd: and the LORD said, These have no master: let them return every man to his house in peace.

• Norsk oversettelse av Webster

  Da svarte han: Jeg så hele Israel spredt utover fjellene, som får som ikke har noen hyrde. Herren sa: De har ingen herre. La dem vende tilbake hver til sitt hus i fred.

• Norsk oversettelse av Youngs Literal Translation

  Da sa Mika: 'Jeg så hele Israel spredt utover fjellene som sauer uten gjeter, og Herren sa: Disse har ingen herre; la dem vende tilbake, hver til sitt hus i fred.'

• Norsk oversettelse av ASV1901

  Da sa han: "Jeg så hele Israel spredt over fjellene, som sauer uten gjeter, og Jehova sa: Disse har ingen herre; la dem vende tilbake hver til sitt hus i fred."

• Norsk oversettelse av BBE

  Og han sa: Jeg så hele Israel spredt på fjellene som sauer uten gjeter; og Herren sa: Disse har ingen herre, la dem dra hjem i fred.

• Coverdale Bible (1535)

  He sayde: I sawe all Israel scatred abrode vpon the mountaynes, as the shepe that haue no shepherde. And the LORDE saide: Haue these no lorde? Let euery one turne home agayne in peace.

• Geneva Bible (1560)

  Then he said, I sawe all Israel scattered vpon the mountaines, as sheepe that had no shepheard; the Lorde sayde, These haue no master, let euery man returne vnto his house in peace.

• Bishops' Bible (1568)

  He sayd: I saw all them of Israel scattered vpon the hilles, as sheepe that haue not a sheephearde. And the Lorde sayde: These haue no maister, let euery man returne to his house in peace.

• Authorized King James Version (1611)

  And he said, I saw all Israel scattered upon the hills, as sheep that have not a shepherd: and the LORD said, These have no master: let them return every man to his house in peace.

• Webster's Bible (1833)

  He said, I saw all Israel scattered on the mountains, as sheep that have no shepherd: and Yahweh said, These have no master; let them return every man to his house in peace.

• Young's Literal Translation (1862/1898)

  And he saith, `I have seen all Israel scattered on the hills as sheep that have no shepherd, and Jehovah saith, These have no master; they turn back each to his house in peace.'

• American Standard Version (1901)

  And he said, I saw all Israel scattered upon the mountains, as sheep that have no shepherd: and Jehovah said, These have no master; let them return every man to his house in peace.

• Bible in Basic English (1941)

  Then he said, I saw all Israel wandering on the mountains like sheep without a keeper; and the Lord said, These have no master: let them go back, every man to his house in peace.

• World English Bible (2000)

  He said, "I saw all Israel scattered on the mountains, as sheep that have no shepherd. Yahweh said, 'These have no master. Let them each return to his house in peace.'"

• NET Bible® (New English Translation)

  Micaiah said,“I saw all Israel scattered on the mountains like sheep that have no shepherd. Then the LORD said,‘They have no master. They should go home in peace.’”

Referenced Verses

• Num 27:17 : 17 { "verseID": "Numbers.27.17", "source": "אֲשֶׁר־יֵצֵ֣א לִפְנֵיהֶ֗ם וַאֲשֶׁ֤ר יָבֹא֙ לִפְנֵיהֶ֔ם וַאֲשֶׁ֥ר יוֹצִיאֵ֖ם וַאֲשֶׁ֣ר יְבִיאֵ֑ם וְלֹ֤א תִהְיֶה֙ עֲדַ֣ת יְהוָ֔ה כַּצֹּ֕אן אֲשֶׁ֥ר אֵין־לָהֶ֖ם רֹעֶֽה׃", "text": "Who *ʾăšer*-*yēṣēʾ* *lip̄nêhem* and who *waʾăšer* *yāḇōʾ* *lip̄nêhem* and who *waʾăšer* *yôṣîʾēm* and who *waʾăšer* *yəḇîʾēm*; and not *wə-lōʾ* *tihyeh* *ʿăḏat* *YHWH* as *ka-ṣṣōʾn* who *ʾăšer* *ʾên*-to them *rōʿeh*.", "grammar": { "*ʾăšer*": "relative pronoun - who", "*yēṣēʾ*": "qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - he goes out", "*lip̄nêhem*": "preposition + plural noun + 3rd masculine plural suffix - before them", "*wa-ʾăšer*": "conjunction + relative pronoun - and who", "*yāḇōʾ*": "qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - he comes in", "*yôṣîʾēm*": "hiphil imperfect 3rd masculine singular + 3rd masculine plural suffix - he brings them out", "*yəḇîʾēm*": "hiphil imperfect 3rd masculine singular + 3rd masculine plural suffix - he brings them in", "*wə-lōʾ*": "conjunction + negative particle - and not", "*tihyeh*": "qal imperfect 3rd feminine singular - she will be", "*ʿăḏat*": "feminine singular construct - congregation of", "*YHWH*": "divine name - the LORD", "*ka-ṣṣōʾn*": "preposition + definite article + feminine singular noun - like the sheep", "*ʾăšer*": "relative pronoun - that", "*ʾên*": "particle of negation - there is not", "*lāhem*": "preposition + 3rd masculine plural suffix - to them", "*rōʿeh*": "qal participle masculine singular - shepherd/one who shepherds" }, "variants": { "*yēṣēʾ*": "goes out/leads out/goes forth", "*yāḇōʾ*": "comes in/enters", "*yôṣîʾēm*": "brings them out/leads them out", "*yəḇîʾēm*": "brings them in/leads them in", "*ʿăḏat*": "congregation/assembly/community", "*rōʿeh*": "shepherd/one who tends flocks/leader" } }
• Matt 9:36 : 36 { "verseID": "Matthew.9.36", "source": "¶Ἰδὼν δὲ τοὺς ὄχλους, ἐσπλαγχνίσθη περὶ αὐτῶν, ὅτι ἦσαν ἐκλελυμένοι, καὶ ἐρριμμένοι, ὡσεὶ πρόβατα μὴ ἔχοντα ποιμένα.", "text": "But having *idōn* the *ochlous*, he was *esplanchnisthē* concerning them, because they were *eklelymenoi*, and *errimmenoi*, like *probata* not having a *poimena*.", "grammar": { "*idōn*": "aorist active participle, nominative, masculine, singular - having seen", "*ochlous*": "accusative, masculine, plural - crowds", "*esplanchnisthē*": "aorist passive indicative, 3rd person singular - was moved with compassion", "*eklelymenoi*": "perfect passive participle, nominative, masculine, plural - exhausted/weary", "*errimmenoi*": "perfect passive participle, nominative, masculine, plural - cast down/scattered", "*probata*": "nominative, neuter, plural - sheep", "*poimena*": "accusative, masculine, singular - shepherd" }, "variants": { "*idōn*": "having seen/seeing", "*ochlous*": "crowds/multitudes", "*esplanchnisthē*": "was moved with compassion/felt compassion", "*eklelymenoi*": "exhausted/weary/harassed/distressed", "*errimmenoi*": "cast down/scattered/thrown down/helpless", "*probata*": "sheep", "*poimena*": "shepherd/pastor" } }
• 1 Kgs 22:34-36 : 34 { "verseID": "1 Kings.22.34", "source": "וְאִ֗ישׁ מָשַׁ֤ךְ בַּקֶּ֙שֶׁת֙ לְתֻמּ֔וֹ וַיַּכֶּה֙ אֶת־מֶ֣לֶךְ יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל בֵּ֥ין הַדְּבָקִ֖ים וּבֵ֣ין הַשִּׁרְיָ֑ן וַיֹּ֣אמֶר לְרַכָּב֗וֹ הֲפֹ֥ךְ יָדְךָ֛ וְהוֹצִיאֵ֥נִי מִן־הַֽמַּחֲנֶ֖ה כִּ֥י הָחֳלֵֽיתִי׃", "text": "And-*ʾîš* *māšak* *baqqešet* in-his-innocence, and-*wayyakkeh* *ʾet*-*melek* *yiśrāʾēl* between *haddəḇāqîm* and-between *hašširyān*. And-*wayyōʾmer* to-*rakkāḇô*, turn *yādəkā* and-*wəhôṣîʾēnî* from-*hammaḥăneh* for *hāḥŏlêtî*.", "grammar": { "*ʾîš*": "noun, masculine singular - man/someone", "*māšak*": "Qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - drew/pulled", "*baqqešet*": "preposition + definite article + noun, feminine singular - with the bow", "*wayyakkeh*": "Hiphil imperfect consecutive, 3rd masculine singular - and he struck/hit", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*melek*": "construct state, masculine singular - king of", "*yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel", "*haddəḇāqîm*": "definite article + noun, masculine plural - the joints/pieces", "*hašširyān*": "definite article + noun, masculine singular - the armor/breastplate", "*wayyōʾmer*": "Qal imperfect consecutive, 3rd masculine singular - and he said", "*rakkāḇô*": "noun + pronominal suffix, masculine singular - his charioteer/driver", "*yādəkā*": "noun + pronominal suffix, feminine singular - your hand", "*wəhôṣîʾēnî*": "conjunction + Hiphil imperative + pronominal suffix - and bring me out", "*hammaḥăneh*": "definite article + noun, masculine singular - the camp/army", "*hāḥŏlêtî*": "Hophal perfect, 1st common singular - I am wounded/injured" }, "variants": { "*māšak*": "drew/pulled/bent", "*baqqešet*": "with the bow/his bow", "*haddəḇāqîm*": "joints/pieces/sections (of armor)", "*hašširyān*": "armor/breastplate/coat of mail", "*wəhôṣîʾēnî*": "bring me out/take me away/remove me", "*hāḥŏlêtî*": "I am wounded/I am injured/I have been made sick" } } 35 { "verseID": "1 Kings.22.35", "source": "וַתַּעֲלֶ֤ה הַמִּלְחָמָה֙ בַּיּ֣וֹם הַה֔וּא וְהַמֶּ֗לֶךְ הָיָ֧ה מָעֳמָ֛ד בַּמֶּרְכָּבָ֖ה נֹ֣כַח אֲרָ֑ם וַיָּ֣מָת בָּעֶ֔רֶב וַיִּ֥צֶק דַּֽם־הַמַּכָּ֖ה אֶל־חֵ֥יק הָרָֽכֶב׃", "text": "And-*wattaʿăleh* *hammilḥāmāh* in-*hayyôm* *hahûʾ*, and-*hammelek* *hāyāh* *māʿŏmād* in-*hammerkāḇāh* facing *ʾărām*; and-*wayyāmāt* in-the-evening, and-*wayyiṣeq* *dam*-*hammakkāh* into-*ḥêq* *hārākeḇ*.", "grammar": { "*wattaʿăleh*": "Qal imperfect consecutive, 3rd feminine singular - and it went up/increased", "*hammilḥāmāh*": "definite article + noun, feminine singular - the battle/war", "*hayyôm*": "definite article + noun, masculine singular - the day", "*hahûʾ*": "demonstrative pronoun, masculine singular - that", "*hammelek*": "definite article + noun, masculine singular - the king", "*hāyāh*": "Qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - was/became", "*māʿŏmād*": "Hophal participle, masculine singular - being propped up/stood/positioned", "*hammerkāḇāh*": "definite article + noun, feminine singular - the chariot", "*ʾărām*": "proper noun - Syria/Aram", "*wayyāmāt*": "Qal imperfect consecutive, 3rd masculine singular - and he died", "*wayyiṣeq*": "Qal imperfect consecutive, 3rd masculine singular - and it poured out/flowed", "*dam*": "construct state, masculine singular - blood of", "*hammakkāh*": "definite article + noun, feminine singular - the wound", "*ḥêq*": "construct state, masculine singular - bosom/lap of", "*hārākeḇ*": "definite article + noun, masculine singular - the chariot" }, "variants": { "*wattaʿăleh*": "increased/intensified/grew fierce", "*māʿŏmād*": "propped up/stationed/positioned", "*wayyiṣeq*": "poured out/flowed/drained", "*ḥêq*": "bosom/lap/floor" } } 36 { "verseID": "1 Kings.22.36", "source": "וַיַּעֲבֹ֤ר הָרִנָּה֙ בַּֽמַּחֲנֶ֔ה כְּבֹ֥א הַשֶּׁ֖מֶשׁ לֵאמֹ֑ר אִ֥ישׁ אֶל־עִיר֖וֹ וְאִ֥ישׁ אֶל־אַרְצֽוֹ׃", "text": "And-*wayyaʿăḇōr* *hārinnāh* in-*hammaḥăneh* at-*kəḇōʾ* *haššemeš* *lēʾmōr*: *ʾîš* to-his-city and-*ʾîš* to-his-land.", "grammar": { "*wayyaʿăḇōr*": "Qal imperfect consecutive, 3rd masculine singular - and it passed through/went over", "*hārinnāh*": "definite article + noun, feminine singular - the shout/cry", "*hammaḥăneh*": "definite article + noun, masculine singular - the camp/army", "*kəḇōʾ*": "preposition + Qal infinitive construct - like/at the coming/setting of", "*haššemeš*": "definite article + noun, feminine singular - the sun", "*lēʾmōr*": "preposition + Qal infinitive construct - saying", "*ʾîš*": "noun, masculine singular - man/everyone" }, "variants": { "*wayyaʿăḇōr*": "passed through/went out/spread", "*hārinnāh*": "shout/cry/proclamation", "*kəḇōʾ*": "at the coming/at the setting/when was setting", "*lēʾmōr*": "saying/announcing/proclaiming" } }
• 2 Chr 18:16-17 : 16 { "verseID": "2 Chronicles.18.16", "source": "וַיֹּ֗אמֶר רָאִ֤יתִי אֶת־כָּל־יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ נְפוֹצִ֣ים עַל־הֶֽהָרִ֔ים כַּצֹּ֕אן אֲשֶׁ֥ר אֵין־לָהֶ֖ן רֹעֶ֑ה וַיֹּ֤אמֶר יְהוָה֙ לֹֽא־אֲדֹנִ֣ים לָאֵ֔לֶּה יָשׁ֥וּבוּ אִישׁ־לְבֵית֖וֹ בְּשָׁלֽוֹם", "text": "*wə-yōʾmer rāʾîtî* *ʾet*-all-*Yiśrāʾēl nəpôṣîm* upon-the-*hārîm* like-the-*ṣōʾn* which *ʾêyn*-to-them *rōʿeh wə-yōʾmer YHWH* not-*ʾădōnîm* to-these *yāšûbû ʾîš*-to-*bêtô* in-*šālôm*", "grammar": { "*wə-yōʾmer*": "conjunction + qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and he said", "*rāʾîtî*": "qal perfect 1st person singular - I saw", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*Yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel", "*nəpôṣîm*": "niphal participle masculine plural - scattered/dispersed", "*hārîm*": "definite article + masculine plural noun - the mountains", "*ṣōʾn*": "feminine singular collective noun with definite article - the flock/sheep", "*ʾêyn*": "particle of negation - there is not", "*rōʿeh*": "qal participle masculine singular - shepherd/one who shepherds", "*YHWH*": "divine name - Yahweh/LORD", "*ʾădōnîm*": "masculine plural noun - lords/masters", "*yāšûbû*": "qal imperfect 3rd masculine plural jussive - let them return", "*ʾîš*": "masculine singular noun - each man", "*bêtô*": "masculine singular noun with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his house", "*šālôm*": "masculine singular noun - peace" }, "variants": { "*nəpôṣîm*": "scattered/dispersed/spread out", "*rōʿeh*": "shepherd/one who tends/caretaker", "*ʾădōnîm*": "lords/masters/owners", "*šālôm*": "peace/safety/well-being/completeness" } } 17 { "verseID": "2 Chronicles.18.17", "source": "וַיֹּ֥אמֶר מֶֽלֶךְ־יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל אֶל־יְהוֹשָׁפָ֑ט הֲלֹא֙ אָמַ֣רְתִּי אֵלֶ֔יךָ לֹא־יִתְנַבֵּ֥א עָלַ֛י ט֖וֹב כִּ֥י אִם־לְרָֽע", "text": "*wə-yōʾmer melek-Yiśrāʾēl* unto-*Yəhôšāpāṭ*: *hălōʾ ʾāmartî* unto-you not-*yitnabbēʾ* upon-me *ṭôb kî ʾim-lərāʿ*", "grammar": { "*wə-yōʾmer*": "conjunction + qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and he said", "*melek-Yiśrāʾēl*": "noun masculine singular construct + proper noun - king of Israel", "*Yəhôšāpāṭ*": "proper noun - Jehoshaphat", "*hălōʾ*": "interrogative particle + negative particle - did not/have not", "*ʾāmartî*": "qal perfect 1st person singular - I said", "*yitnabbēʾ*": "hithpael imperfect 3rd masculine singular - he prophesies", "*ṭôb*": "adjective masculine singular - good", "*kî ʾim-lərāʿ*": "conjunction + conjunction + preposition + masculine singular noun - but rather for evil" }, "variants": { "*yitnabbēʾ*": "prophesies/speaks as prophet/predicts", "*ṭôb*": "good/favorable/pleasant", "*rāʿ*": "evil/bad/harmful/disaster" } }
• Jer 1:11-16 : 11 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.1.11", "source": "וַיְהִ֤י דְבַר־יְהוָה֙ אֵלַ֣י לֵאמֹ֔ר מָה־אַתָּ֥ה רֹאֶ֖ה יִרְמְיָ֑הוּ וָאֹמַ֕ר מַקֵּ֥ל שָׁקֵ֖ד אֲנִ֥י רֹאֶֽה׃", "text": "*wa-yĕhî* *dĕbar*-*YHWH* *ʾēlay* *lēʾmōr* what-*ʾattāh* *rōʾeh* *Yirmĕyāhû* *wā-ʾōmar* *maqqēl* *šāqēd* *ʾănî* *rōʾeh*", "grammar": { "*wa-yĕhî*": "waw-consecutive with Qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and it was/came", "*dĕbar*": "construct singular - word of", "*YHWH*": "divine name - Yahweh/LORD", "*ʾēlay*": "preposition with 1st person singular suffix - to me", "*lēʾmōr*": "Qal infinitive construct - saying", "*ʾattāh*": "2nd person masculine singular independent pronoun - you", "*rōʾeh*": "Qal participle masculine singular - seeing", "*Yirmĕyāhû*": "proper name - Jeremiah", "*wā-ʾōmar*": "waw-consecutive with Qal imperfect 1st singular - and I said", "*maqqēl*": "singular noun - rod/staff", "*šāqēd*": "singular noun - almond", "*ʾănî*": "1st person singular independent pronoun - I" }, "variants": { "*wa-yĕhî*": "and it was/and it came/and it happened", "*maqqēl*": "rod/staff/branch", "*šāqēd*": "almond/watching (wordplay in Hebrew with *šōqēd* - watching)" } } 12 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.1.12", "source": "וַיֹּ֧אמֶר יְהוָ֛ה אֵלַ֖י הֵיטַ֣בְתָּ לִרְא֑וֹת כִּֽי־שֹׁקֵ֥ד אֲנִ֛י עַל־דְּבָרִ֖י לַעֲשֹׂתֽוֹ׃", "text": "*wa-yōʾmer* *YHWH* *ʾēlay* *hêṭabtā* to-*rĕʾôt* because-*šōqēd* *ʾănî* upon-*dĕbārî* to-*ʿăśōtô*", "grammar": { "*wa-yōʾmer*": "waw-consecutive with Qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and he said", "*YHWH*": "divine name - Yahweh/LORD", "*ʾēlay*": "preposition with 1st person singular suffix - to me", "*hêṭabtā*": "Hiphil perfect 2nd masculine singular - you have seen well", "*rĕʾôt*": "Qal infinitive construct - to see", "*šōqēd*": "Qal participle masculine singular - watching", "*ʾănî*": "1st person singular independent pronoun - I", "*dĕbārî*": "singular noun with 1st person singular suffix - my word", "*ʿăśōtô*": "Qal infinitive construct with 3rd masculine singular suffix - to do/perform it" }, "variants": { "*hêṭabtā*": "you have done well/you have seen correctly", "*šōqēd*": "watching/vigilant over/attending to (wordplay with *šāqēd* - almond)", "*ʿăśōtô*": "to do it/to perform it/to fulfill it" } } 13 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.1.13", "source": "וַיְהִ֨י דְבַר־יְהוָ֤ה ׀ אֵלַי֙ שֵׁנִ֣ית לֵאמֹ֔ר מָ֥ה אַתָּ֖ה רֹאֶ֑ה וָאֹמַ֗ר סִ֤יר נָפ֙וּחַ֙ אֲנִ֣י רֹאֶ֔ה וּפָנָ֖יו מִפְּנֵ֥י צָפֽוֹנָה׃", "text": "*wa-yĕhî* *dĕbar*-*YHWH* *ʾēlay* *šēnît* *lēʾmōr* what-*ʾattāh* *rōʾeh* *wā-ʾōmar* *sîr* *nāpûaḥ* *ʾănî* *rōʾeh* and-*pānāyw* from-*pĕnê* *ṣāpônāh*", "grammar": { "*wa-yĕhî*": "waw-consecutive with Qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and it was/came", "*dĕbar*": "construct singular - word of", "*YHWH*": "divine name - Yahweh/LORD", "*ʾēlay*": "preposition with 1st person singular suffix - to me", "*šēnît*": "ordinal number feminine singular - second time", "*lēʾmōr*": "Qal infinitive construct - saying", "*ʾattāh*": "2nd person masculine singular independent pronoun - you", "*rōʾeh*": "Qal participle masculine singular - seeing", "*wā-ʾōmar*": "waw-consecutive with Qal imperfect 1st singular - and I said", "*sîr*": "singular noun - pot/caldron", "*nāpûaḥ*": "Qal passive participle masculine singular - boiling/blown upon", "*ʾănî*": "1st person singular independent pronoun - I", "*pānāyw*": "plural noun with 3rd masculine singular suffix - its face/front", "*pĕnê*": "construct plural - face/direction of", "*ṣāpônāh*": "singular noun with directional he - northward" }, "variants": { "*sîr*": "pot/caldron/vessel", "*nāpûaḥ*": "boiling/blown upon/heated", "*pānāyw* from-*pĕnê* *ṣāpônāh*": "its face from the direction of the north/its opening tilted away from the north" } } 14 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.1.14", "source": "וַיֹּ֥אמֶר יְהוָ֖ה אֵלָ֑י מִצָּפוֹן֙ תִּפָּתַ֣ח הָרָעָ֔ה עַ֥ל כָּל־יֹשְׁבֵ֖י הָאָֽרֶץ׃", "text": "*wa-yōʾmer* *YHWH* *ʾēlāy* from-*ṣāpôn* *tippātaḥ* *hā-rāʿāh* upon all-*yōšĕbê* *hā-ʾāreṣ*", "grammar": { "*wa-yōʾmer*": "waw-consecutive with Qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and he said", "*YHWH*": "divine name - Yahweh/LORD", "*ʾēlāy*": "preposition with 1st person singular suffix - to me", "*ṣāpôn*": "singular noun - north", "*tippātaḥ*": "Niphal imperfect 3rd feminine singular - will be opened/will break forth", "*hā-rāʿāh*": "definite article + feminine singular noun - the evil/disaster", "*yōšĕbê*": "Qal participle masculine plural construct - dwellers/inhabitants of", "*hā-ʾāreṣ*": "definite article + feminine singular noun - the land/earth" }, "variants": { "*tippātaḥ*": "will be opened/will break forth/will be let loose", "*hā-rāʿāh*": "the evil/the disaster/the calamity", "*hā-ʾāreṣ*": "the land/the earth/the country/the territory" } } 15 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.1.15", "source": "כִּ֣י ׀ הִנְנִ֣י קֹרֵ֗א לְכָֽל־מִשְׁפְּח֛וֹת מַמְלְכ֥וֹת צָפ֖וֹנָה נְאֻם־יְהוָ֑ה וּבָ֡אוּ וְֽנָתְנוּ֩ אִ֨ישׁ כִּסְא֜וֹ פֶּ֣תַח ׀ שַׁעֲרֵ֣י יְרוּשָׁלִַ֗ם וְעַ֤ל כָּל־חוֹמֹתֶ֙יהָ֙ סָבִ֔יב וְעַ֖ל כָּל־עָרֵ֥י יְהוּדָֽה׃", "text": "Because *hinnĕnî* *qōrēʾ* to-all-*mišpĕḥôt* *mamlĕkôt* *ṣāpônāh* *nĕʾum*-*YHWH* and-*bāʾû* and-*nātĕnû* *ʾîš* *kisʾô* *petaḥ* *šaʿărê* *Yĕrûšālaim* and-upon all-*ḥômōtêhā* *sābîb* and-upon all-*ʿārê* *Yĕhûdāh*", "grammar": { "*hinnĕnî*": "demonstrative particle with 1st person singular suffix - behold me", "*qōrēʾ*": "Qal participle masculine singular - calling", "*mišpĕḥôt*": "plural noun construct - families/clans of", "*mamlĕkôt*": "plural noun construct - kingdoms of", "*ṣāpônāh*": "singular noun with directional he - northward", "*nĕʾum*": "construct singular - declaration of", "*YHWH*": "divine name - Yahweh/LORD", "*bāʾû*": "Qal perfect 3rd common plural - they will come", "*nātĕnû*": "Qal perfect 3rd common plural - they will set", "*ʾîš*": "singular noun - each man", "*kisʾô*": "singular noun with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his throne", "*petaḥ*": "construct singular - entrance of", "*šaʿărê*": "plural noun construct - gates of", "*Yĕrûšālaim*": "proper name - Jerusalem", "*ḥômōtêhā*": "plural noun with 3rd feminine singular suffix - her walls", "*sābîb*": "adverb - around/surrounding", "*ʿārê*": "plural noun construct - cities of", "*Yĕhûdāh*": "proper name - Judah" }, "variants": { "*hinnĕnî*": "behold me/look, I am/here I am", "*qōrēʾ*": "calling/summoning/proclaiming", "*mišpĕḥôt*": "families/clans/tribes", "*nātĕnû*": "they will set/they will place/they will establish", "*kisʾô*": "his throne/his seat of authority", "*sābîb*": "around/all around/on every side" } } 16 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.1.16", "source": "וְדִבַּרְתִּ֤י מִשְׁפָּטַי֙ אוֹתָ֔ם עַ֖ל כָּל־רָעָתָ֑ם אֲשֶׁ֣ר עֲזָב֗וּנִי וַֽיְקַטְּרוּ֙ לֵאלֹהִ֣ים אֲחֵרִ֔ים וַיִּֽשְׁתַּחֲו֖וּ לְמַעֲשֵׂ֥י יְדֵיהֶֽם׃", "text": "And-*dibbartî* *mišpāṭay* *ʾôtām* upon all-*rāʿātām* *ʾăšer* *ʿăzābûnî* and-*yĕqaṭṭĕrû* to-*ʾĕlōhîm* *ʾăḥērîm* and-*yištaḥăwû* to-*maʿăśê* *yĕdêhem*", "grammar": { "*dibbartî*": "Piel perfect 1st singular - I will speak/pronounce", "*mišpāṭay*": "plural noun with 1st person singular suffix - my judgments", "*ʾôtām*": "direct object marker with 3rd masculine plural suffix - them", "*rāʿātām*": "feminine singular noun with 3rd masculine plural suffix - their evil/wickedness", "*ʾăšer*": "relative particle - who/which/that", "*ʿăzābûnî*": "Qal perfect 3rd common plural with 1st person singular suffix - they forsook me", "*yĕqaṭṭĕrû*": "Piel imperfect 3rd masculine plural - they burned incense/offerings", "*ʾĕlōhîm*": "plural noun - gods", "*ʾăḥērîm*": "adjective masculine plural - other", "*yištaḥăwû*": "Hishtaphel imperfect 3rd masculine plural - they bowed down/worshiped", "*maʿăśê*": "plural construct - works of", "*yĕdêhem*": "dual noun with 3rd masculine plural suffix - their hands" }, "variants": { "*dibbartî* *mišpāṭay*": "I will speak my judgments/I will pronounce my verdicts", "*rāʿātām*": "their evil/their wickedness/their wrongdoing", "*ʿăzābûnî*": "they forsook me/they abandoned me/they rejected me", "*yĕqaṭṭĕrû*": "they burned incense/they made offerings/they sacrificed", "*yištaḥăwû*": "they bowed down/they worshiped/they prostrated themselves" } }
• Jer 23:1-2 : 1 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.23.1", "source": "הוֹי רֹעִים מְאַבְּדִים וּמְפִצִים אֶת־צֹאן מַרְעִיתִי נְאֻם־יְהוָה", "text": "*Hôy* *rōʿîm* *məʾabbədîm* *ûməp̄îṣîm* *ʾet*-*ṣōʾn* *marʿîtî* *nəʾum*-*YHWH*", "grammar": { "*Hôy*": "interjection - woe/alas", "*rōʿîm*": "masculine plural participle - shepherds/pastors", "*məʾabbədîm*": "piel masculine plural participle - destroying/causing to perish", "*ûməp̄îṣîm*": "conjunction + hiphil masculine plural participle - and scattering/dispersing", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*ṣōʾn*": "feminine singular collective noun - flock/sheep", "*marʿîtî*": "noun + 1st person singular possessive suffix - my pasture", "*nəʾum*": "construct state - declaration/utterance of", "*YHWH*": "divine name - Yahweh/LORD" }, "variants": { "*Hôy*": "woe/alas/ah", "*rōʿîm*": "shepherds/pastors/those who tend", "*məʾabbədîm*": "destroying/causing to perish/ruining", "*məp̄îṣîm*": "scattering/dispersing/spreading abroad", "*marʿîtî*": "my pasture/my pasturage/my flock" } } 2 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.23.2", "source": "לָכֵן כֹּה־אָמַר יְהוָה אֱלֹהֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל עַל־הָרֹעִים הָרֹעִים אֶת־עַמִּי אַתֶּם הֲפִצֹתֶם אֶת־צֹאנִי וַתַּדִּחוּם וְלֹא פְקַדְתֶּם אֹתָם הִנְנִי פֹקֵד עֲלֵיכֶם אֶת־רֹעַ מַעַלְלֵיכֶם נְאֻם־יְהוָה", "text": "*Lākēn* *kōh*-*ʾāmar* *YHWH* *ʾĕlōhê* *yiśrāʾēl* *ʿal*-*hārōʿîm* *hārōʿîm* *ʾet*-*ʿammî* *ʾattem* *hăp̄iṣōtem* *ʾet*-*ṣōʾnî* *wattaddîḥûm* *wəlōʾ* *pəqadtem* *ʾōtām* *hinənî* *p̄ōqēd* *ʿălêkem* *ʾet*-*rōaʿ* *maʿalləlêkem* *nəʾum*-*YHWH*", "grammar": { "*Lākēn*": "adverb - therefore/consequently", "*kōh*": "adverb - thus/so", "*ʾāmar*": "qal perfect 3rd masculine singular - he said/spoke", "*YHWH*": "divine name - Yahweh/LORD", "*ʾĕlōhê*": "construct state - God of", "*yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel", "*ʿal*": "preposition - concerning/against", "*hārōʿîm*": "definite article + masculine plural participle - the shepherds", "*hārōʿîm*": "definite article + qal participle masculine plural - those who shepherd", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*ʿammî*": "masculine singular noun + 1st person singular suffix - my people", "*ʾattem*": "2nd person masculine plural pronoun - you", "*hăp̄iṣōtem*": "hiphil perfect 2nd masculine plural - you have scattered", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*ṣōʾnî*": "feminine singular collective noun + 1st person singular suffix - my flock", "*wattaddîḥûm*": "conjunction + hiphil imperfect 2nd masculine plural + 3rd masculine plural suffix - and you drove them away", "*wəlōʾ*": "conjunction + negative particle - and not", "*pəqadtem*": "qal perfect 2nd masculine plural - you have attended to/visited", "*ʾōtām*": "direct object marker + 3rd person masculine plural suffix - them", "*hinənî*": "interjection + 1st person singular suffix - behold me/I am about to", "*p̄ōqēd*": "qal participle masculine singular - visiting/attending to", "*ʿălêkem*": "preposition + 2nd masculine plural suffix - upon you", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*rōaʿ*": "noun masculine singular construct - evil of", "*maʿalləlêkem*": "masculine plural noun + 2nd masculine plural suffix - your deeds/practices", "*nəʾum*": "construct state - declaration/utterance of", "*YHWH*": "divine name - Yahweh/LORD" }, "variants": { "*pəqadtem*": "attended to/visited/taken care of/punished", "*p̄ōqēd*": "visiting/attending to/taking care of/punishing", "*rōaʿ*": "evil/wickedness/badness", "*maʿalləlêkem*": "your deeds/your practices/your actions" } }
• Jer 50:6 : 6 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.50.6", "source": "צֹ֤אן אֹֽבְדוֹת֙ *היה **הָי֣וּ עַמִּ֔י רֹעֵיהֶ֣ם הִתְע֔וּם הָרִ֖ים *שובבים **שֽׁוֹבְב֑וּם מֵהַ֤ר אֶל־גִּבְעָה֙ הָלָ֔כוּ שָׁכְח֖וּ רִבְצָֽם׃", "text": "*ṣōʾn* *ʾōbĕdôt* *hāyû* *ʿammî* *rōʿêhem* *hitʿûm* *hārîm* *šôbĕbûm* from-*har* to-*gibʿâ* *hālākû* *šākĕḥû* *ribṣām*.", "grammar": { "*ṣōʾn*": "noun, feminine singular - sheep/flock", "*ʾōbĕdôt*": "qal participle, feminine plural - lost/perishing/wandering", "*hāyû*": "qal perfect, 3rd common plural - they were/have been (Kethib/Qere variant in source)", "*ʿammî*": "noun, masculine singular with 1st singular suffix - my people", "*rōʿêhem*": "qal participle, masculine plural with 3rd masculine plural suffix - their shepherds", "*hitʿûm*": "hiphil perfect, 3rd common plural with 3rd masculine plural suffix - caused them to err/led them astray", "*hārîm*": "noun, masculine plural - mountains", "*šôbĕbûm*": "polel perfect, 3rd common plural with 3rd masculine plural suffix - have turned them away/led them astray (Kethib/Qere variant in source)", "*har*": "noun, masculine singular - mountain", "*gibʿâ*": "noun, feminine singular - hill", "*hālākû*": "qal perfect, 3rd common plural - they went/walked", "*šākĕḥû*": "qal perfect, 3rd common plural - they forgot", "*ribṣām*": "noun, masculine singular with 3rd masculine plural suffix - their resting place" }, "variants": { "*ṣōʾn* *ʾōbĕdôt*": "lost sheep/perishing flock", "*hitʿûm*": "caused them to err/led them astray/misled them", "*šôbĕbûm*": "turned them away/led them astray/made them backslide", "*ribṣām*": "their resting place/fold/pasture" } }
• Jer 50:17 : 17 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.50.17", "source": "שֶׂ֧ה פְזוּרָ֛ה יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל אֲרָי֣וֹת הִדִּ֑יחוּ הָרִאשׁ֤וֹן אֲכָלוֹ֙ מֶ֣לֶךְ אַשּׁ֔וּר וְזֶ֤ה הָאַחֲרוֹן֙ עִצְּמ֔וֹ נְבוּכַדְרֶאצַּ֖ר מֶ֥לֶךְ בָּבֶֽל׃ ס", "text": "*seh* *pəzurah* *yisraʾel* *ʾarayot* *hiddiḥu* the *riʾshon* *ʾakhalo* *melekh* *ʾashshur* *wə-zeh* the *ʾaḥaron* *ʿitstsəmo* *nəvukhadreʾtstsar* *melekh* *bavel*.", "grammar": { "*seh*": "noun, masculine singular - sheep/lamb", "*pəzurah*": "adjective, feminine singular - scattered", "*yisraʾel*": "proper noun - Israel", "*ʾarayot*": "noun, masculine plural - lions", "*hiddiḥu*": "Hiphil perfect, 3rd person plural - they have driven away/scattered", "*riʾshon*": "adjective, masculine singular + definite article - the first", "*ʾakhalo*": "perfect, 3rd person singular + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - he has eaten/devoured him", "*melekh*": "noun, masculine singular construct - king of", "*ʾashshur*": "proper noun - Assyria", "*wə-zeh*": "conjunction + demonstrative pronoun - and this", "*ʾaḥaron*": "adjective, masculine singular + definite article - the last", "*ʿitstsəmo*": "Piel perfect, 3rd person singular + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - he has broken/crushed his bones", "*nəvukhadreʾtstsar*": "proper noun - Nebuchadnezzar", "*melekh*": "noun, masculine singular construct - king of", "*bavel*": "proper noun - Babylon" }, "variants": { "*seh*": "sheep/lamb/flock member", "*pəzurah*": "scattered/dispersed/driven away", "*hiddiḥu*": "scattered/driven away/thrust aside", "*ʾakhalo*": "devoured/consumed/eaten him", "*ʿitstsəmo*": "broken his bones/crushed him/gnawed his bones" } }
• Ezek 1:4 : 4 { "verseID": "Ezekiel.1.4", "source": "וָאֵ֡רֶא וְהִנֵּה֩ ר֨וּחַ סְעָרָ֜ה בָּאָ֣ה מִן־הַצָּפ֗וֹן עָנָ֤ן גָּדוֹל֙ וְאֵ֣שׁ מִתְלַקַּ֔חַת וְנֹ֥גַֽהּ ל֖וֹ סָבִ֑יב וּמִ֨תּוֹכָ֔הּ כְּעֵ֥ין הַחַשְׁמַ֖ל מִתּ֥וֹךְ הָאֵֽשׁ׃", "text": "*wā-ʾēreʾ wə-hinnê rûaḥ səʿārâ bāʾâ min-ha-ṣāpôn ʿānān gādôl wə-ʾēš mitlaqqaḥat wə-nōgah* to-him *sābîb û-mittôkāh kə-ʿên ha-ḥašmal mittôk hā-ʾēš*", "grammar": { "*wā-ʾēreʾ*": "conjunction + qal imperfect 1st person singular - and I saw/looked", "*wə-hinnê*": "conjunction + demonstrative particle - and behold", "*rûaḥ səʿārâ*": "feminine singular noun + feminine singular noun - wind of storm/stormy wind", "*bāʾâ*": "qal participle feminine singular - coming", "*min-ha-ṣāpôn*": "preposition + definite article + masculine singular noun - from the north", "*ʿānān gādôl*": "masculine singular noun + masculine singular adjective - great cloud", "*wə-ʾēš mitlaqqaḥat*": "conjunction + feminine singular noun + hitpael participle feminine singular - and fire taking hold of itself/self-consuming", "*wə-nōgah*": "conjunction + masculine singular noun - and brightness/radiance", "*sābîb*": "adverb - around/surrounding", "*û-mittôkāh*": "conjunction + preposition + 3rd feminine singular suffix - and from its midst", "*kə-ʿên*": "preposition + construct form - like the appearance of", "*ha-ḥašmal*": "definite article + masculine singular noun - the amber/electrum/gleaming metal", "*mittôk*": "preposition + masculine singular construct - from the midst of", "*hā-ʾēš*": "definite article + feminine singular noun - the fire" }, "variants": { "*rûaḥ səʿārâ*": "stormy wind/tempest/whirlwind", "*ṣāpôn*": "north/northern regions [in ANE mythology, often associated with divine dwelling]", "*mitlaqqaḥat*": "taking hold of itself/flashing/consuming itself", "*ḥašmal*": "amber/electrum/gleaming alloy/polished bronze [exact meaning uncertain]" } }
• Ezek 34:4-6 : 4 { "verseID": "Ezekiel.34.4", "source": "אֶֽת־הַנַּחְלוֹת֩ לֹ֨א חִזַּקְתֶּ֜ם וְאֶת־הַחוֹלָ֣ה לֹֽא־רִפֵּאתֶ֗ם וְלַנִּשְׁבֶּ֙רֶת֙ לֹ֣א חֲבַשְׁתֶּ֔ם וְאֶת־הַנִּדַּ֙חַת֙ לֹ֣א הֲשֵׁבֹתֶ֔ם וְאֶת־הָאֹבֶ֖דֶת לֹ֣א בִקַּשְׁתֶּ֑ם וּבְחָזְקָ֛ה רְדִיתֶ֥ם אֹתָ֖ם וּבְפָֽרֶךְ׃", "text": "*ʾēṯ*-the-*naḥlôṯ* not *ḥizzaqtem* and-*ʾēṯ*-the-*ḥôlâ* not-*rippēʾṯem* and-to-the-*nišbereṯ* not *ḥăḇaštem* and-*ʾēṯ*-the-*niddaḥaṯ* not *hăšēḇōṯem* and-*ʾēṯ*-the-*ʾōḇedeṯ* not *biqqaštem*, and-in-*ḥozqâ* *rəḏîṯem* them and-in-*pāreḵ*.", "grammar": { "*ʾēṯ*": "direct object marker", "*naḥlôṯ*": "niphal participle, feminine plural - weak/sick ones", "*ḥizzaqtem*": "piel perfect, 2nd masculine plural - you strengthened", "*ḥôlâ*": "qal participle, feminine singular - sick one", "*rippēʾṯem*": "piel perfect, 2nd masculine plural - you healed", "*nišbereṯ*": "niphal participle, feminine singular - broken one", "*ḥăḇaštem*": "qal perfect, 2nd masculine plural - you bound up", "*niddaḥaṯ*": "niphal participle, feminine singular - driven away/scattered one", "*hăšēḇōṯem*": "hiphil perfect, 2nd masculine plural - you brought back", "*ʾōḇedeṯ*": "qal participle, feminine singular - lost one", "*biqqaštem*": "piel perfect, 2nd masculine plural - you sought", "*ḥozqâ*": "noun, feminine singular - strength/force", "*rəḏîṯem*": "qal perfect, 2nd masculine plural - you ruled", "*pāreḵ*": "noun, masculine singular - harshness/severity" }, "variants": { "*naḥlôṯ*": "weak/sick/diseased ones", "*ḥizzaqtem*": "you strengthened/made strong/supported", "*ḥôlâ*": "sick/ill/diseased one", "*rippēʾṯem*": "you healed/cured", "*nišbereṯ*": "broken/injured/fractured one", "*ḥăḇaštem*": "you bound up/bandaged", "*niddaḥaṯ*": "driven away/banished/outcast one", "*hăšēḇōṯem*": "you brought back/returned/restored", "*ʾōḇedeṯ*": "lost/straying/perishing one", "*biqqaštem*": "you sought/searched for", "*ḥozqâ*": "force/harshness/severity", "*rəḏîṯem*": "you ruled/dominated/governed", "*pāreḵ*": "harshness/rigor/cruelty" } } 5 { "verseID": "Ezekiel.34.5", "source": "וַתְּפוּצֶ֖ינָה מִבְּלִ֣י רֹעֶ֑ה וַתִּהְיֶ֧ינָה לְאָכְלָ֛ה לְכָל־חַיַּ֥ת הַשָּׂדֶ֖ה וַתְּפוּצֶֽינָה׃", "text": "And-*wattəp̄ûṣeynâ* from-without *rōʿeh*, and-*wattiḥyeynâ* for-*ʾoḵlâ* to-all-*ḥayyaṯ* the-*śāḏeh* and-*wattəp̄ûṣeynâ*.", "grammar": { "*wattəp̄ûṣeynâ*": "qal imperfect, 3rd feminine plural with waw-consecutive - and they were scattered", "*rōʿeh*": "qal participle, masculine singular - shepherd", "*wattiḥyeynâ*": "qal imperfect, 3rd feminine plural with waw-consecutive - and they became", "*ʾoḵlâ*": "noun, feminine singular - food", "*ḥayyaṯ*": "construct state, feminine singular - living thing/beast of", "*śāḏeh*": "noun, masculine singular - field" }, "variants": { "*wattəp̄ûṣeynâ*": "and they were scattered/dispersed", "*rōʿeh*": "shepherd/herdsman/pastor", "*wattiḥyeynâ*": "and they became/were", "*ʾoḵlâ*": "food/prey/consumption", "*ḥayyaṯ*": "beasts/animals of", "*śāḏeh*": "field/open country/wild" } } 6 { "verseID": "Ezekiel.34.6", "source": "יִשְׁגּ֤וּ צֹאנִי֙ בְּכָל־הֶ֣הָרִ֔ים וְעַ֖ל כָּל־גִּבְעָ֣ה רָמָ֑ה וְעַ֨ל כָּל־פְּנֵ֤י הָאָ֙רֶץ֙ נָפֹ֣צוּ צֹאנִ֔י וְאֵ֥ין דּוֹרֵ֖שׁ וְאֵ֥ין מְבַקֵּֽשׁ׃", "text": "*yišgû* *ṣōʾnî* in-all-the-*hehārîm* and-on all-*giḇʿâ* *rāmâ*, and-on all-*pənê* the-*ʾāreṣ* *nāp̄ōṣû* *ṣōʾnî* and-*ʾên* *dôrēš* and-*ʾên* *məḇaqqēš*.", "grammar": { "*yišgû*": "qal imperfect, 3rd common plural - they wander/go astray", "*ṣōʾnî*": "common noun, feminine singular construct with 1st singular suffix - my flock", "*hehārîm*": "noun, masculine plural with definite article - the mountains", "*giḇʿâ*": "noun, feminine singular - hill", "*rāmâ*": "adjective, feminine singular - high/lofty", "*pənê*": "noun, common plural construct - faces of", "*ʾāreṣ*": "noun, feminine singular with definite article - the land/earth", "*nāp̄ōṣû*": "qal perfect, 3rd common plural - they were scattered", "*ʾên*": "particle of negation - there is not", "*dôrēš*": "qal participle, masculine singular - seeking", "*məḇaqqēš*": "piel participle, masculine singular - searching" }, "variants": { "*yišgû*": "they wander/go astray/err", "*ṣōʾnî*": "my flock/sheep", "*hehārîm*": "the mountains/hills", "*giḇʿâ*": "hill/height", "*rāmâ*": "high/lofty/exalted", "*pənê*": "face/surface of", "*ʾāreṣ*": "land/earth/ground", "*nāp̄ōṣû*": "they were scattered/dispersed", "*dôrēš*": "one seeking/inquiring/caring for", "*məḇaqqēš*": "one searching for/looking for" } }
• Zech 10:2 : 2 { "verseID": "Zechariah.10.2", "source": "כִּ֧י הַתְּרָפִ֣ים דִּבְּרוּ־אָ֗וֶן וְהַקּֽוֹסְמִים֙ חָ֣זוּ שֶׁ֔קֶר וַֽחֲלֹמוֹת֙ הַשָּׁ֣וא יְדַבֵּ֔רוּ הֶ֖בֶל יְנַֽחֵמ֑וּן עַל־כֵּן֙ נָסְע֣וּ כְמוֹ־צֹ֔אן יַעֲנ֖וּ כִּֽי־אֵ֥ין רֹעֶֽה׃", "text": "For the-*teraphim* *dibberu*-*'awen* and-the-*qosemim* *chazu* *sheqer* and-*chalomot* the-*shaw'* *yedabberu*, *hevel* *yenachamun*; upon-thus *nas'u* like-*tson*, *ya'anu* because-*'ein* *ro'eh*.", "grammar": { "*teraphim*": "masculine plural noun with definite article - household idols/diviners", "*dibberu*": "Piel perfect, 3rd plural - they have spoken", "*'awen*": "masculine singular noun - iniquity/wickedness/trouble", "*qosemim*": "Qal participle, masculine plural with definite article - the diviners", "*chazu*": "Qal perfect, 3rd plural - they have seen/envisioned", "*sheqer*": "masculine singular noun - falsehood/lie", "*chalomot*": "masculine plural construct - dreams of", "*shaw'*": "masculine singular noun with definite article - emptiness/vanity/falsehood", "*yedabberu*": "Piel imperfect, 3rd plural - they speak", "*hevel*": "masculine singular noun - emptiness/vapor/futility", "*yenachamun*": "Piel imperfect, 3rd plural with paragogic nun - they comfort", "*nas'u*": "Qal perfect, 3rd plural - they journeyed/wandered", "*tson*": "collective noun - flock/sheep", "*ya'anu*": "Qal imperfect, 3rd plural - they are afflicted/oppressed", "*'ein*": "negative particle of existence - there is no", "*ro'eh*": "Qal participle, masculine singular - shepherd/one who tends" }, "variants": { "*teraphim*": "household idols/divine images/objects of divination", "*'awen*": "iniquity/wickedness/emptiness/trouble", "*qosemim*": "diviners/soothsayers/fortune-tellers", "*sheqer*": "falsehood/lie/deception", "*shaw'*": "emptiness/vanity/falsehood/nothingness", "*hevel*": "emptiness/vapor/breath/vanity/futility", "*yenachamun*": "they comfort/console (falsely)", "*nas'u*": "they journeyed/wandered/were driven away", "*ya'anu*": "they are afflicted/oppressed/humbled" } }
• Zech 13:7 : 7 { "verseID": "Zechariah.13.7", "source": "חֶ֗רֶב עוּרִ֤י עַל־רֹעִי֙ וְעַל־גֶּ֣בֶר עֲמִיתִ֔י נְאֻ֖ם יְהוָ֣ה צְבָא֑וֹת הַ֤ךְ אֶת־הָֽרֹעֶה֙ וּתְפוּצֶ֣יןָ הַצֹּ֔אן וַהֲשִׁבֹתִ֥י יָדִ֖י עַל־הַצֹּעֲרִֽים׃", "text": "*ḥereḇ* *'ûrî* against-*rō'î* and against-*geḇer* *'ămîṯî*, *nə'um* *YHWH* *ṣəḇā'ôṯ*; *haḵ* *'eṯ*-*hārō'eh* and *ṯəp̄ûṣeynā* *haṣṣō'n*, and *hăšiḇōṯî* *yāḏî* against-*haṣṣō'ărîm*.", "grammar": { "*ḥereḇ*": "noun, feminine, singular, absolute - sword", "*'ûrî*": "verb, qal imperative, feminine singular - awake/rouse yourself", "*rō'î*": "verb, qal participle, masculine singular construct with 1st person common singular suffix - my shepherd", "*geḇer*": "noun, masculine, singular, construct - man", "*'ămîṯî*": "noun, masculine, singular construct with 1st person common singular suffix - my companion/my associate", "*nə'um*": "noun, masculine, singular, construct - declaration of", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - LORD/Yahweh", "*ṣəḇā'ôṯ*": "noun, feminine, plural - hosts/armies", "*haḵ*": "verb, hiphil imperative, masculine singular - strike", "*hārō'eh*": "verb, qal participle, masculine singular with definite article - the shepherd", "*ṯəp̄ûṣeynā*": "verb, qal imperfect, 3rd person feminine plural - they will be scattered", "*haṣṣō'n*": "noun, common singular with definite article - the flock/the sheep", "*hăšiḇōṯî*": "verb, hiphil perfect, 1st person common singular with waw consecutive - and I will turn/and I will bring back", "*yāḏî*": "noun, feminine, singular construct with 1st person common singular suffix - my hand", "*haṣṣō'ărîm*": "verb, qal participle, masculine plural with definite article - the little ones/the young ones" }, "variants": { "*'ûrî*": "awake/arise/rouse yourself", "*rō'î*": "my shepherd/my pastor/my herdsman", "*'ămîṯî*": "my companion/my associate/my fellow/my neighbor", "*haḵ*": "strike/smite/attack", "*ṯəp̄ûṣeynā*": "they will be scattered/they will disperse/they will be spread abroad", "*haṣṣō'ărîm*": "the little ones/the humble ones/the young ones/the insignificant ones" } }
• Acts 10:11-17 : 11 { "verseID": "Acts.10.11", "source": "Καὶ θεωρεῖ τὸν οὐρανὸν ἀνεῳγμένον, καὶ καταβαῖνον ἐπ αὐτὸν σκεῦός τι ὡς ὀθόνην μεγάλην, τέσσαρσιν ἀρχαῖς δεδεμένον, καὶ καθιέμενον ἐπὶ τῆς γῆς:", "text": "And he *theōrei* the *ouranon* *aneōgmenon*, and *katabainon* upon him *skeuos* *ti* as *othonēn* *megalēn*, at four *archais* *dedemenon*, and *kathiemenon* upon the *gēs*:", "grammar": { "*theōrei*": "present active, 3rd singular - sees/observes", "*ouranon*": "accusative, masculine, singular - heaven/sky", "*aneōgmenon*": "perfect passive participle, accusative, masculine, singular - having been opened", "*katabainon*": "present active participle, accusative, neuter, singular - descending", "*skeuos*": "accusative, neuter, singular - vessel/object", "*ti*": "indefinite pronoun, accusative, neuter, singular - certain/some", "*othonēn*": "accusative, feminine, singular - sheet/linen cloth", "*megalēn*": "accusative, feminine, singular - large/great", "*archais*": "dative, feminine, plural - corners/beginnings", "*dedemenon*": "perfect passive participle, accusative, neuter, singular - having been bound", "*kathiemenon*": "present middle participle, accusative, neuter, singular - being let down", "*gēs*": "genitive, feminine, singular - earth/land" }, "variants": { "*theōrei*": "sees/observes/beholds", "*ouranon*": "heaven/sky", "*aneōgmenon*": "opened/standing open", "*katabainon*": "descending/coming down", "*skeuos*": "vessel/object/container", "*othonēn*": "sheet/linen cloth", "*archais*": "corners/edges/beginnings", "*dedemenon*": "bound/tied", "*kathiemenon*": "being let down/being lowered", "*gēs*": "earth/land/ground" } } 12 { "verseID": "Acts.10.12", "source": "Ἐν ᾧ ὑπῆρχεν πάντα τὰ τετράποδα τῆς γῆς, καὶ τὰ θηρία, καὶ τὰ ἑρπετὰ, καὶ τὰ πετεινὰ τοῦ οὐρανοῦ.", "text": "In which *hypērchen* all the *tetrapoda* of the *gēs*, and the *thēria*, and the *herpeta*, and the *peteina* of the *ouranou*.", "grammar": { "*hypērchen*": "imperfect active, 3rd singular - were/existed", "*tetrapoda*": "nominative, neuter, plural - four-footed animals", "*gēs*": "genitive, feminine, singular - earth/land", "*thēria*": "nominative, neuter, plural - wild beasts", "*herpeta*": "nominative, neuter, plural - creeping things/reptiles", "*peteina*": "nominative, neuter, plural - birds/flying creatures", "*ouranou*": "genitive, masculine, singular - heaven/sky" }, "variants": { "*hypērchen*": "were/existed/were contained", "*tetrapoda*": "four-footed animals/quadrupeds", "*gēs*": "earth/land/ground", "*thēria*": "wild beasts/animals", "*herpeta*": "creeping things/reptiles", "*peteina*": "birds/flying creatures", "*ouranou*": "heaven/sky" } } 13 { "verseID": "Acts.10.13", "source": "Καὶ ἐγένετο φωνὴ πρὸς αὐτόν, Ἀναστάς, Πέτρε· θῦσον, καὶ φάγε.", "text": "And *egeneto* *phōnē* *pros* him, *Anastas*, *Petre*: *thyson*, and *phage*.", "grammar": { "*egeneto*": "aorist middle, 3rd singular - came/happened", "*phōnē*": "nominative, feminine, singular - voice", "*pros*": "preposition + accusative - to/toward", "*Anastas*": "aorist active participle, nominative, masculine, singular - having risen", "*Petre*": "vocative, masculine, singular - Peter", "*thyson*": "aorist active imperative, 2nd singular - kill/sacrifice", "*phage*": "aorist active imperative, 2nd singular - eat" }, "variants": { "*egeneto*": "came/happened/occurred", "*phōnē*": "voice/sound", "*pros*": "to/toward", "*Anastas*": "rise up/get up/stand up", "*thyson*": "kill/slaughter/sacrifice", "*phage*": "eat/consume" } } 14 { "verseID": "Acts.10.14", "source": "Ὁ δὲ Πέτρος εἶπεν, Μηδαμῶς, Κύριε· ὅτι οὐδέποτε ἔφαγον πᾶν κοινὸν ἢ ἀκάθαρτον.", "text": "But *Petros* *eipen*, *Mēdamōs*, *Kurie*: because *oudepote* *ephagon* anything *koinon* or *akatharton*.", "grammar": { "*Petros*": "nominative, masculine, singular - Peter [proper name]", "*eipen*": "aorist active, 3rd singular - said", "*Mēdamōs*": "adverb - by no means/not at all", "*Kurie*": "vocative, masculine, singular - Lord/Sir", "*oudepote*": "adverb - never", "*ephagon*": "aorist active, 1st singular - I ate", "*koinon*": "accusative, neuter, singular - common/unclean", "*akatharton*": "accusative, neuter, singular - unclean/impure" }, "variants": { "*Mēdamōs*": "by no means/not at all/certainly not", "*Kurie*": "Lord/Sir/Master", "*oudepote*": "never/at no time", "*ephagon*": "ate/consumed", "*koinon*": "common/defiled/unclean [ritually]", "*akatharton*": "unclean/impure [ceremonially]" } } 15 { "verseID": "Acts.10.15", "source": "Καὶ φωνὴ πάλιν ἐκ δευτέρου πρὸς αὐτόν, Ἃ ὁ Θεὸς ἐκαθάρισεν, σὺ μὴ κοίνου.", "text": "And *phōnē* again from second *pros* him, What *ho* *Theos* *ekatharisen*, you *mē* *koinou*.", "grammar": { "*phōnē*": "nominative, feminine, singular - voice", "*pros*": "preposition + accusative - to/toward", "*ho*": "nominative, masculine, singular - the", "*Theos*": "nominative, masculine, singular - God", "*ekatharisen*": "aorist active, 3rd singular - cleansed/purified", "*mē*": "negative particle - not", "*koinou*": "present active imperative, 2nd singular - consider common/unclean" }, "variants": { "*phōnē*": "voice/sound", "*pros*": "to/toward", "*ekatharisen*": "cleansed/purified/made clean", "*koinou*": "consider common/declare unclean/treat as defiled" } } 16 { "verseID": "Acts.10.16", "source": "Τοῦτο δὲ ἐγένετο ἐπὶ τρίς: καὶ πάλιν ἀνελήφθη τὸ σκεῦος εἰς τὸν οὐρανόν.", "text": "This *de* *egeneto* for *tris*: and again *anelēphthē* the *skeuos* into the *ouranon*.", "grammar": { "*de*": "postpositive particle - and/but", "*egeneto*": "aorist middle, 3rd singular - happened", "*tris*": "adverbial numeral - three times", "*anelēphthē*": "aorist passive, 3rd singular - was taken up", "*skeuos*": "nominative, neuter, singular - vessel/object", "*ouranon*": "accusative, masculine, singular - heaven/sky" }, "variants": { "*egeneto*": "happened/occurred/took place", "*tris*": "three times/thrice", "*anelēphthē*": "was taken up/was received up/was lifted up", "*skeuos*": "vessel/object/container", "*ouranon*": "heaven/sky" } } 17 { "verseID": "Acts.10.17", "source": "Ὡς δὲ ἐν ἑαυτῷ διηπόρει ὁ Πέτρος τί ἂν εἴη τὸ ὅραμα ὃ εἶδεν, καὶ ἰδού, οἱ ἄνδρες οἱ ἀπεσταλμένοι ἀπὸ τοῦ Κορνηλίου διερωτήσαντες τὴν οἰκίαν Σίμωνος, ἐπέστησαν ἐπὶ τὸν πυλῶνα,", "text": "As *de* in himself *diēporei* *ho* *Petros* what might *eiē* the *horama* which he *eiden*, and *idou*, the *andres* the ones *apestalmenoi* from the *Kornēliou* *dierōtēsantes* the *oikian* of *Simōnos*, *epestēsan* at the *pulōna*,", "grammar": { "*de*": "postpositive particle - and/but", "*diēporei*": "imperfect active, 3rd singular - was perplexed", "*ho*": "nominative, masculine, singular - the", "*Petros*": "nominative, masculine, singular - Peter [proper name]", "*eiē*": "present optative, 3rd singular - might be", "*horama*": "nominative, neuter, singular - vision", "*eiden*": "aorist active, 3rd singular - saw", "*idou*": "imperative used as interjection - behold/look", "*andres*": "nominative, masculine, plural - men", "*apestalmenoi*": "perfect passive participle, nominative, masculine, plural - having been sent", "*Kornēliou*": "genitive, masculine, singular - of Cornelius", "*dierōtēsantes*": "aorist active participle, nominative, masculine, plural - having inquired", "*oikian*": "accusative, feminine, singular - house", "*Simōnos*": "genitive, masculine, singular - of Simon", "*epestēsan*": "aorist active, 3rd plural - stood", "*pulōna*": "accusative, masculine, singular - gate/gateway" }, "variants": { "*diēporei*": "was perplexed/was puzzled/was confused", "*eiē*": "might be/could be", "*horama*": "vision/sight", "*eiden*": "saw/beheld", "*idou*": "behold/look/see", "*andres*": "men/male persons", "*apestalmenoi*": "having been sent/dispatched", "*dierōtēsantes*": "having inquired/having asked repeatedly", "*oikian*": "house/dwelling", "*epestēsan*": "stood/arrived/appeared", "*pulōna*": "gate/gateway/entrance" } }
• 1 Sam 9:9 : 9 { "verseID": "1 Samuel.9.9", "source": "לְפָנִ֣ים ׀ בְּיִשְׂרָאֵ֗ל כֹּֽה־אָמַ֤ר הָאִישׁ֙ בְּלֶכְתּוֹ֙ לִדְר֣וֹשׁ אֱלֹהִ֔ים לְכ֥וּ וְנֵלְכָ֖ה עַד־הָרֹאֶ֑ה כִּ֤י לַנָּבִיא֙ הַיּ֔וֹם יִקָּרֵ֥א לְפָנִ֖ים הָרֹאֶֽה׃", "text": "*ləp̄ānîm* in-*yiśrāʾēl* thus-*ʾāmar* *hāʾîš* in-*bəleḵtô* to-*liḏrôš* *ʾĕlōhîm*, *ləḵû* and-*nēləḵāh* to-*hārōʾeh*; for to-*lannāḇîʾ* *hayyôm* *yiqqārēʾ* *ləp̄ānîm* *hārōʾeh*.", "grammar": { "*ləp̄ānîm*": "preposition + noun, masculine, plural - formerly/before", "*ʾāmar*": "Qal perfect, 3rd singular masculine - he said", "*hāʾîš*": "noun, masculine, singular with definite article - the man", "*bəleḵtô*": "preposition + Qal infinitive construct + 3rd singular masculine suffix - in his going", "*liḏrôš*": "preposition + Qal infinitive construct - to inquire of/seek", "*ləḵû*": "Qal imperative, 2nd plural masculine - go", "*nēləḵāh*": "Qal cohortative, 1st plural - let us go", "*hārōʾeh*": "noun, masculine, singular with definite article - the seer", "*lannāḇîʾ*": "preposition + noun, masculine, singular with definite article - to the prophet", "*hayyôm*": "noun, masculine, singular with definite article - the day/today", "*yiqqārēʾ*": "Niphal imperfect, 3rd singular masculine - he is called", "*hārōʾeh*": "noun, masculine, singular with definite article - the seer" }, "variants": { "*ləp̄ānîm*": "formerly/in earlier times/before", "*liḏrôš*": "to inquire of/to seek/to consult", "*hārōʾeh*": "the seer/the one who sees/the visionary", "*nāḇîʾ*": "prophet/spokesperson", "*yiqqārēʾ*": "was called/was known as/was named" } }