Verse 21

{ "verseID": "2 Samuel.1.21", "source": "הָרֵ֣י בַגִּלְבֹּ֗עַ אַל־טַ֧ל וְאַל־מָטָ֛ר עֲלֵיכֶ֖ם וּשְׂדֵ֣י תְרוּמֹ֑ת כִּ֣י שָׁ֤ם נִגְעַל֙ מָגֵ֣ן גִּבּוֹרִ֔ים מָגֵ֣ן שָׁא֔וּל בְּלִ֖י מָשִׁ֥יחַ בַּשָּֽׁמֶן׃", "text": "*Hārê* in *gilbōaʿ*, not *ṭal* and not *māṭār* on you and *śədê* *tərûmōt*, for there *nigʿal* *māgēn* *gibbôrîm*, *māgēn* *šāʾûl* without *māšîaḥ* in the *šāmen*.", "grammar": { "*hārê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - mountains of", "*gilbōaʿ*": "proper noun - Gilboa", "*ṭal*": "noun, masculine singular - dew", "*māṭār*": "noun, masculine singular - rain", "*śədê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - fields of", "*tərûmōt*": "noun, feminine plural - offerings/contributions", "*nigʿal*": "niphal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - was defiled/cast away", "*māgēn*": "noun, masculine singular construct - shield of", "*gibbôrîm*": "noun, masculine plural - mighty ones/warriors", "*šāʾûl*": "proper noun - Saul", "*bəlî*": "preposition - without", "*māšîaḥ*": "passive participle, masculine singular - anointed", "*šāmen*": "noun, masculine singular with definite article - the oil" }, "variants": { "*hārê bagilbōaʿ*": "mountains of Gilboa/hills of Gilboa", "*ʾal-ṭal wəʾal-māṭār ʿălêkem*": "let there be no dew or rain on you/may no dew or rain [fall] on you", "*śədê tərûmōt*": "fields of offerings/fields of heave offerings/fields of first fruits", "*nigʿal māgēn gibbôrîm*": "shield of warriors was defiled/shield of the mighty was rejected/the shield of heroes was cast away", "*māgēn šāʾûl bəlî māšîaḥ baššāmen*": "shield of Saul [as if] not anointed with oil/Saul's shield [is now] without anointing oil" } }

Other Translations

• GT, oversatt fra Hebraisk

  Fjellene i Gilboa, la det ikke være dugg eller regn over dere, eller åker med offergaver! For der ble heltenes skjold vanæret, Sauls skjold, uten olje.

• Moderne oversettelse av Bibelen fra 1611 KJV med hebraisk kontekst

  Dere Gilboas fjell, la det ikke komme dugg eller regn på dere, heller ikke offermarker, for der ble de mektiges skjold vanæret, Sauls skjold, som om han ikke var salvet med olje.

• Norsk King James

  Dere fjell i Gilboa, la det ikke være dugg eller regn over dere, ikke over offermarkene; for den sterke sitt skjold er avskyelig kastet bort, Sauls skjold, som om han ikke hadde vært salvet med olje.

• Modernisert Norsk Bibel 1866

  Fjellene på Gilboa, må dere aldri få teknisk dugg eller regn eller marker som gir ofre til Herren! For der ble de mektiges skjold kastet bort, Sauls skjold, som om han ikke var salvet med olje.

• Oversettelse av hebraiske Bibeltekster til moderne norsk bokmål

  Dere Gilboas fjell, la det ikke være dugg eller regn på dere, heller ikke fruktbare marker, for der ble de mektiges skjold vanæret, Sauls skjold ble ikke salvet med olje.

• Bibelen: En Moderne Oversettelse av King James Version 1611

  Dere Gilboafjellene, la det ikke være dugg eller regn på dere, ingen marker avkasting; for der ble heltenes skjold forkastet, Sauls skjold, ikke salvet med olje.

• o3-mini KJV Norsk

  O fjellene på Gilboa, la verken dugg eller regn falle over dere, ei heller over stedene for offer, for der er den mektiges skjold vanæret kastet bort – Sauls skjold, som om han aldri hadde blitt salvet med olje.

• En Moderne Oversettelse av King James Version 1611 (mar 2025)

  Dere Gilboafjellene, la det ikke være dugg eller regn på dere, ingen marker avkasting; for der ble heltenes skjold forkastet, Sauls skjold, ikke salvet med olje.

• Lingvistisk bibeloversettelse fra grunntekst

  Dere, Gilboas fjell, la det ikke falle dugg eller regn på dere, marker av offergaver, for der ble de mektiges skjold forkastet, Sauls skjold, uten olje.

• Linguistic Bible Translation from Source Texts

  O mountains of Gilboa, may you have no dew or rain, nor fields of offerings! For there the shield of the mighty was defiled—the shield of Saul, no longer anointed with oil.

• GT, oversatt fra hebraisk Aug2024

  Høyder i Gilboa, la det ikke regne eller dugge på dere, la det ikke være åkrer som bærer offergaver! For der ble de veldiges skjold vraket, Sauls skjold, som ikke lenger blir salvet med olje.

• Original Norsk Bibel 1866

  I Bjerge udi Gilboa, der skal ikke Dug, ei heller Regn (komme) paa eder, eller (være) Agre, (af hvilke) Opløftelsesoffere (komme); thi der er de Vældiges Skjold bortkastet, Sauls Skjold, (som havde han) ikke (været) salvet med Olie.

• King James Version 1769 (Standard Version)

  Ye mountains of Gilboa, let there be no dew, neither let there be rain, upon you, nor fields of offerings: for there the shield of the mighty is vilely cast away, the shield of Saul, as though he had not been anointed with oil.

• KJV 1769 norsk

  Gilboas fjell, la det ikke være dugg eller regn på dere, ei heller åkrer med offergaver; for der ble de mektiges skjold kastet bort, Sauls skjold, som om han ikke var salvet med olje.

• KJV1611 - Moderne engelsk

  You mountains of Gilboa, let there be no dew, neither let there be rain upon you, nor fields of offerings: for there the shield of the mighty is disdainfully cast away, the shield of Saul, as though he had not been anointed with oil.

• King James Version 1611 (Original)

  Ye mountains of Gilboa, let there be no dew, neither let there be rain, upon you, nor fields of offerings: for there the shield of the mighty is vilely cast away, the shield of Saul, as though he had not been anointed with oil.

• Norsk oversettelse av Webster

  Dere Gilboas fjell, måtte det ikke falle dugg eller regn på dere, heller ikke markenes avlinger: For der ble de mektiges skjold foraktet, Sauls skjold, ikke salvet med olje.

• Norsk oversettelse av Youngs Literal Translation

  Fjellene i Gilboa, ingen dugg eller regn på dere, ei heller marker med offergaver, for der har de mektiges skjold blitt forkastet, Sauls skjold, uten at det ble salvet med olje.

• Norsk oversettelse av ASV1901

  Dere Gilboa-fjell, la det ikke falle dugg eller regn over dere, ikke rike marker! Der ble de mektiges skjold forkastet, Sauls skjold, uten olje.

• Norsk oversettelse av BBE

  Å, Gilboafjellene, la det ikke være dugg eller regn over dere, dere dødens marker: for der ble de mektiges våpen vanæret, Sauls våpen, som om han ikke var salvet av Herren.

• Coverdale Bible (1535)

  Ye mountaynes of Gelboa, nether dew ner rayne come vpo you, nether lode be wherof commeth Heueofferynges: for there is ye shylde of the Worthies smytten downe, the shylde of Saul, as though he had not bene anoynted with oyle.

• Geneva Bible (1560)

  Ye mountaines of Gilboa, vpon you be neither dewe nor raine, nor be there fieldes of offrings: for there the shielde of the mightie is cast downe, the shielde of Saul, as though he had not bene anointed with oyle.

• Bishops' Bible (1568)

  Ye mountaynes of Gilboa, vpon you be neither deawe nor raine, nor fieldes of offeringes: For there the shield of the mightie is cast downe, the shielde of Saul, as though he had not ben annoynted with oyle.

• Authorized King James Version (1611)

  Ye mountains of Gilboa, [let there be] no dew, neither [let there be] rain, upon you, nor fields of offerings: for there the shield of the mighty is vilely cast away, the shield of Saul, [as though he had] not [been] anointed with oil.

• Webster's Bible (1833)

  You mountains of Gilboa, Let there be no dew nor rain on you, neither fields of offerings: For there the shield of the mighty was vilely cast away, The shield of Saul, not anointed with oil.

• Young's Literal Translation (1862/1898)

  Mountains of Gilboa! No dew nor rain be on you, And fields of heave-offerings! For there hath become loathsome The shield of the mighty, The shield of Saul -- without the anointed with oil.

• American Standard Version (1901)

  Ye mountains of Gilboa, Let there be no dew nor rain upon you, neither fields of offerings: For there the shield of the mighty was vilely cast away, The shield of Saul, not anointed with oil.

• Bible in Basic English (1941)

  O mountains of Gilboa, let there be no dew or rain on you, you fields of death: for there the arms of the strong have been shamed, the arms of Saul, as if he had not been marked with the holy oil.

• World English Bible (2000)

  You mountains of Gilboa, let there be no dew nor rain on you, neither fields of offerings; For there the shield of the mighty was vilely cast away, The shield of Saul was not anointed with oil.

• NET Bible® (New English Translation)

  O mountains of Gilboa, may there be no dew or rain on you, nor fields of grain offerings! For it was there that the shield of warriors was defiled; the shield of Saul lies neglected without oil.

Referenced Verses

• 1 Sam 31:1 : 1 { "verseID": "1 Samuel.31.1", "source": "וּפְלִשְׁתִּ֖ים נִלְחָמִ֣ים בְּיִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל וַיָּנֻ֜סוּ אַנְשֵׁ֤י יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ מִפְּנֵ֣י פְלִשְׁתִּ֔ים וַיִּפְּל֥וּ חֲלָלִ֖ים בְּהַ֥ר הַגִּלְבֹּֽעַ׃", "text": "And *pəlištîm* were *nilḥāmîm* against *yiśrāʾēl*, and *wayyānusu* the men of *yiśrāʾēl* from before *pəlištîm*, and *wayyippəlû* *ḥălālîm* in *har haggilbōaʿ*.", "grammar": { "*pəlištîm*": "noun, masculine plural - Philistines", "*nilḥāmîm*": "verb, niphal participle, masculine plural - fighting/warring", "*yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel", "*wayyānusu*": "verb, qal imperfect consecutive, 3rd person masculine plural - and they fled", "*wayyippəlû*": "verb, qal imperfect consecutive, 3rd person masculine plural - and they fell", "*ḥălālîm*": "noun, masculine plural - slain/fallen/pierced", "*har haggilbōaʿ*": "proper noun phrase - Mount Gilboa" }, "variants": { "*nilḥāmîm*": "fighting/battling/waging war", "*ḥălālîm*": "slain ones/pierced ones/fallen ones" } }
• Isa 21:5 : 5 { "verseID": "Isaiah.21.5", "source": "עָרֹ֧ךְ הַשֻּׁלְחָ֛ן צָפֹ֥ה הַצָּפִ֖ית אָכ֣וֹל שָׁתֹ֑ה ק֥וּמוּ הַשָּׂרִ֖ים מִשְׁח֥וּ מָגֵֽן׃ פ", "text": "*'ārōk* the *šulḥān* *ṣāpōh* the *ṣāpît* *'ākôl* *šātōh* *qūmū* the *śārîm* *mišḥū* *māgēn*", "grammar": { "*'ārōk*": "verb, qal infinitive absolute - setting/arranging", "*šulḥān*": "noun, masculine singular with definite article - the table", "*ṣāpōh*": "verb, qal infinitive absolute - watching", "*ṣāpît*": "noun, feminine singular with definite article - the watchtower/watchpost", "*'ākôl*": "verb, qal infinitive absolute - eating", "*šātōh*": "verb, qal infinitive absolute - drinking", "*qūmū*": "verb, qal imperative, masculine plural - arise/stand up", "*śārîm*": "noun, masculine plural with definite article - the princes/officials", "*mišḥū*": "verb, qal imperative, masculine plural - anoint", "*māgēn*": "noun, masculine singular - shield" }, "variants": { "*'ārōk*": "arrange/prepare/set up", "*ṣāpōh*": "watch/keep lookout", "*ṣāpît*": "watchtower/watchpost/lookout", "*mišḥū māgēn*": "anoint the shield/prepare the shield/oil the shield" } }
• 1 Sam 10:1 : 1 { "verseID": "1Samuel.10.1", "source": "וַיִּקַּ֨ח שְׁמוּאֵ֜ל אֶת־פַּ֥ךְ הַשֶּׁ֛מֶן וַיִּצֹ֥ק עַל־רֹאשׁ֖וֹ וַיִּשָּׁקֵ֑הוּ וַיֹּ֕אמֶר הֲל֗וֹא כִּֽי־מְשָׁחֲךָ֧ יְהוָ֛ה עַל־נַחֲלָת֖וֹ לְנָגִֽיד׃", "text": "*wə-yiqqaḥ Šəmûʾēl* *ʾeṯ-pak haššemen* *wə-yiṣōq* upon-*rōʾšô* *wə-yiššāqēhû* *wə-yōʾmer* is not that-*məšāḥăḵā YHWH* upon-*naḥălātô* for-*nāḡîḏ*.", "grammar": { "*wə-yiqqaḥ*": "consecutive imperfect, 3rd singular masculine - and he took", "*Šəmûʾēl*": "proper noun, singular - Samuel", "*ʾeṯ-pak*": "direct object marker with noun, construct state - flask of", "*haššemen*": "definite article + noun, masculine singular - the oil", "*wə-yiṣōq*": "consecutive imperfect, 3rd singular masculine - and he poured", "*rōʾšô*": "noun with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his head", "*wə-yiššāqēhû*": "consecutive imperfect, 3rd singular masculine with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - and he kissed him", "*wə-yōʾmer*": "consecutive imperfect, 3rd singular masculine - and he said", "*məšāḥăḵā*": "perfect, 3rd singular masculine with 2nd person masculine singular suffix - he has anointed you", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - Yahweh/LORD", "*naḥălātô*": "noun, feminine singular with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his inheritance", "*nāḡîḏ*": "noun, masculine singular - leader/ruler/prince" }, "variants": { "*pak*": "flask/vial/container", "*šemen*": "oil/ointment", "*məšāḥăḵā*": "anointed you/appointed you by anointing", "*naḥălātô*": "his inheritance/his possession/his people", "*nāḡîḏ*": "leader/prince/commander/ruler" } }
• Judg 5:23 : 23 { "verseID": "Judges.5.23", "source": "א֣וֹרוּ מֵר֗וֹז אָמַר֙ מַלְאַ֣ךְ יְהוָ֔ה אֹ֥רוּ אָר֖וֹר יֹשְׁבֶ֑יהָ כִּ֤י לֹֽא־בָ֙אוּ֙ לְעֶזְרַ֣ת יְהוָ֔ה לְעֶזְרַ֥ת יְהוָ֖ה בַּגִּבּוֹרִֽים׃", "text": "*Arar* *Meroz*, *amar* *malak* of-*YHWH*, *arar* *aror* inhabitants-of-her because not they-came to-help-of *YHWH*, to-help-of *YHWH* among-the-*gibborim*", "grammar": { "*Arar*": "Qal imperative, masculine plural - curse!", "*Meroz*": "proper name - Meroz", "*amar*": "Qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - said", "*malak*": "noun, masculine singular construct - angel/messenger of", "*YHWH*": "divine name", "*arar*": "Qal imperative, masculine plural - curse!", "*aror*": "absolute infinitive - utterly curse", "יֹשְׁבֶ֑יהָ": "Qal participle, masculine plural + 3rd feminine singular suffix - her inhabitants", "כִּ֤י": "conjunction - because", "לֹֽא־בָ֙אוּ֙": "negative particle + Qal perfect, 3rd common plural - they did not come", "לְעֶזְרַ֣ת": "preposition ל + noun, feminine singular construct - to help of", "*YHWH*": "divine name", "לְעֶזְרַ֥ת": "preposition ל + noun, feminine singular construct - to help of", "*YHWH*": "divine name", "בַּגִּבּוֹרִֽים": "preposition ב + definite article + adjective, masculine plural - among the mighty ones" }, "variants": { "*arar*": "curse/bind with a curse", "*amar*": "say/speak/command", "*malak*": "messenger/angel", "*aror*": "utterly curse", "*gibborim*": "mighty ones/warriors/heroes" } }
• Jer 20:14-16 : 14 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.20.14", "source": "אָר֣וּר הַיּ֔וֹם אֲשֶׁ֥ר יֻלַּ֖דְתִּי בּ֑וֹ י֛וֹם אֲשֶׁר־יְלָדַ֥תְנִי אִמִּ֖י אַל־יְהִ֥י בָרֽוּךְ׃", "text": "*ʾārûr* the *yôm* which *yullad̄tî* in it, *yôm* which-*yəlād̄atnî* *ʾimmî* not-*yəhî* *bārûḵ*.", "grammar": { "*ʾārûr*": "qal passive participle, masculine singular - cursed", "*yôm*": "noun, masculine singular with definite article - the day", "*ʾăšer*": "relative pronoun - which/that", "*yullad̄tî*": "pual perfect, 1st common singular - I was born", "*bô*": "preposition with 3rd masculine singular suffix - in it", "*yôm*": "noun, masculine singular - day", "*yəlād̄atnî*": "qal perfect, 3rd feminine singular with 1st common singular suffix - she bore me", "*ʾimmî*": "noun, feminine singular construct with 1st common singular suffix - my mother", "*ʾal*": "negative particle - not", "*yəhî*": "qal jussive, 3rd masculine singular - let it be", "*bārûḵ*": "qal passive participle, masculine singular - blessed" }, "variants": { "*ʾārûr*": "cursed/accursed", "*yullad̄tî*": "I was born/brought forth", "*yəlād̄atnî*": "she bore me/gave birth to me", "*yəhî bārûḵ*": "let it be blessed/may it be blessed" } } 15 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.20.15", "source": "אָר֣וּר הָאִ֗ישׁ אֲשֶׁ֨ר בִּשַּׂ֤ר אֶת־אָבִי֙ לֵאמֹ֔ר יֻֽלַּד־לְךָ֖ בֵּ֣ן זָכָ֑ר שַׂמֵּ֖חַ שִׂמֳּחָֽהוּ׃", "text": "*ʾārûr* the *ʾîš* who *biśśar* *ʾet*-*ʾābî* *lēʾmōr*, *yullad̄*-to you *bēn* *zāḵār*, *śammēaḥ* *śimmŏḥāhû*.", "grammar": { "*ʾārûr*": "qal passive participle, masculine singular - cursed", "*ʾîš*": "noun, masculine singular with definite article - the man", "*ʾăšer*": "relative pronoun - who/that", "*biśśar*": "piel perfect, 3rd masculine singular - he brought news", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*ʾābî*": "noun, masculine singular construct with 1st common singular suffix - my father", "*lēʾmōr*": "preposition + qal infinitive construct - saying", "*yullad̄*": "pual perfect, 3rd masculine singular - was born", "*ləḵā*": "preposition with 2nd masculine singular suffix - to you", "*bēn*": "noun, masculine singular - son", "*zāḵār*": "adjective, masculine singular - male", "*śammēaḥ*": "piel infinitive absolute - rejoicing", "*śimmŏḥāhû*": "piel perfect, 3rd masculine singular with 3rd masculine singular suffix - he made him rejoice" }, "variants": { "*ʾārûr*": "cursed/accursed", "*biśśar*": "brought news/announced/informed", "*yullad̄*": "was born/has been born", "*bēn zāḵār*": "male son/male child", "*śammēaḥ śimmŏḥāhû*": "making him rejoice/greatly delighting him/certainly he made him rejoice" } } 16 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.20.16", "source": "וְהָיָה֙ הָאִ֣ישׁ הַה֔וּא כֶּֽעָרִ֛ים אֲשֶׁר־הָפַ֥ךְ יְהוָ֖ה וְלֹ֣א נִחָ֑ם וְשָׁמַ֤ע זְעָקָה֙ בַּבֹּ֔קֶר וּתְרוּעָ֖ה בְּעֵ֥ת צָהֳרָֽיִם׃", "text": "And *wəhāyāh* the *ʾîš* the *hū* like *ʿārîm* which-*hāpaḵ* *YHWH* and not *niḥām*, and *wəšāmaʿ* *zəʿāqāh* in the *bōqer* and *tərûʿāh* in *ʿēt* *ṣŏhŏrāyim*.", "grammar": { "*wəhāyāh*": "waw consecutive + qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - and let him be", "*ʾîš*": "noun, masculine singular with definite article - the man", "*hū*": "demonstrative pronoun, masculine singular - that", "*ʿārîm*": "noun, feminine plural with preposition - like cities", "*ʾăšer*": "relative pronoun - which/that", "*hāpaḵ*": "qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - he overthrew", "*YHWH*": "proper noun, divine name - LORD", "*niḥām*": "niphal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - he repented/changed his mind", "*wəšāmaʿ*": "waw consecutive + qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - and let him hear", "*zəʿāqāh*": "noun, feminine singular - outcry/cry", "*bōqer*": "noun, masculine singular with definite article and preposition - in the morning", "*tərûʿāh*": "noun, feminine singular - alarm/shout", "*ʿēt*": "noun, feminine singular construct - time of", "*ṣŏhŏrāyim*": "noun, masculine dual - noon/midday" }, "variants": { "*ʿārîm*": "cities/towns", "*hāpaḵ*": "overthrew/overturned/destroyed", "*niḥām*": "repented/changed his mind/relented", "*zəʿāqāh*": "outcry/cry/wailing", "*tərûʿāh*": "alarm/shout/war cry", "*ṣŏhŏrāyim*": "noon/midday" } }
• Ezek 31:15 : 15 { "verseID": "Ezekiel.31.15", "source": "כֹּֽה־אָמַ֞ר אֲדֹנָ֣י יְהוִ֗ה בְּי֨וֹם רִדְתּ֤וֹ שְׁא֙וֹלָה֙ הֶאֱבַ֜לְתִּי כִּסֵּ֤תִי עָלָיו֙ אֶת־תְּה֔וֹם וָֽאֶמְנַע֙ נַהֲרוֹתֶ֔יהָ וַיִּכָּלְא֖וּ מַ֣יִם רַבִּ֑ים וָאַקְדִּ֤ר עָלָיו֙ לְבָנ֔וֹן וְכָל־עֲצֵ֥י הַשָּׂדֶ֖ה עָלָ֥יו עֻלְפֶּֽה", "text": "Thus *ʾāmar* *ʾădōnāy* *YHWH* in day *ridtô* *šəʾôlāh* *heʾĕḇaltî* I covered over him *ʾet-təhôm* and *wāʾemnaʿ* *nahărôtêhā* and *wayyikkāləʾû* *mayim* *rabbîm* and *wāʾaqdir* over him *ləḇānôn* and all *ʿăṣê* the *śādeh* over him *ʿulpeh*", "grammar": { "*ʾāmar*": "qal perfect 3rd masculine singular - he said", "*ʾădōnāy*": "noun, masculine plural construct with 1st common singular suffix - my Lord", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - Yahweh/the LORD", "*ridtô*": "qal infinitive construct with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his going down", "*šəʾôlāh*": "noun, feminine singular with directional he - to Sheol", "*heʾĕḇaltî*": "hiphil perfect 1st common singular - I caused mourning", "*ʾet-təhôm*": "direct object marker + noun, feminine singular - the deep", "*wāʾemnaʿ*": "conjunction + qal imperfect 1st common singular - and I restrained", "*nahărôtêhā*": "noun, feminine plural with 3rd feminine singular suffix - her rivers", "*wayyikkāləʾû*": "conjunction + niphal imperfect 3rd common plural - and they were restrained", "*mayim*": "noun, masculine plural - waters", "*rabbîm*": "adjective, masculine plural - many/abundant", "*wāʾaqdir*": "conjunction + hiphil imperfect 1st common singular - and I caused darkness", "*ləḇānôn*": "proper noun - Lebanon", "*ʿăṣê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - trees of", "*śādeh*": "noun, masculine singular with definite article - the field", "*ʿulpeh*": "pual perfect 3rd masculine singular - was fainted/mourned" }, "variants": { "*ridtô šəʾôlāh*": "his going down to Sheol/his descent to the grave/his going to the underworld", "*heʾĕḇaltî*": "I caused mourning/I made to mourn/I had mourned", "*wāʾemnaʿ*": "and I restrained/and I withheld/and I held back", "*wāʾaqdir*": "and I darkened/and I clothed in darkness/and I caused mourning for", "*ʿulpeh*": "were faint/languished/wilted/mourned" } }
• Joel 1:9 : 9 { "verseID": "Joel.1.9", "source": "הָכְרַ֥ת מִנְחָ֛ה וָנֶ֖סֶךְ מִבֵּ֣ית יְהוָ֑ה אָֽבְלוּ֙ הַכֹּ֣הֲנִ֔ים מְשָׁרְתֵ֖י יְהוָֽה׃", "text": "*Hāḵraṯ* *minḥāh* *wā*-*neseḵ* *mibbêṯ* *YHWH* *ʾāḇlû* *hakkōhănîm* *məšārəṯê* *YHWH*", "grammar": { "*Hāḵraṯ*": "Hophal perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - is cut off", "*minḥāh*": "noun, feminine singular - grain offering, meal offering", "*wā*": "conjunction - and", "*neseḵ*": "noun, masculine singular - drink offering", "*mibbêṯ*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular construct - from house of", "*YHWH*": "proper noun, divine name", "*ʾāḇlû*": "Qal perfect, 3rd person plural - they mourn", "*hakkōhănîm*": "definite article + noun, masculine plural - the priests", "*məšārəṯê*": "Piel participle, masculine plural construct - ministers of", "*YHWH*": "proper noun, divine name" }, "variants": { "*Hāḵraṯ*": "is cut off/removed/withheld", "*minḥāh*": "grain offering/meal offering/tribute", "*neseḵ*": "drink offering/libation", "*ʾāḇlû*": "they mourn/grieve/lament", "*məšārəṯê*": "ministers of/servants of/attendants of" } }
• Joel 2:14 : 14 { "verseID": "Joel.2.14", "source": "מִ֥י יוֹדֵ֖עַ יָשׁ֣וּב וְנִחָ֑ם וְהִשְׁאִ֤יר אַֽחֲרָיו֙ בְּרָכָ֔ה מִנְחָ֣ה וָנֶ֔סֶךְ לַיהוָ֖ה אֱלֹהֵיכֶֽם׃ פ", "text": "Who *yôdēaʿ* *yāshûb* and-*niḥām* and-*hishʾîr* *ʾaḥărāyw* *berākhâ* *minḥâ* and-*nesekh* to-*YHWH* *ʾĕlōhêkhem*.", "grammar": { "*yôdēaʿ*": "qal participle, masculine singular - knowing", "*yāshûb*": "qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - he will return/turn", "*niḥām*": "niphal perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - he will relent/repent", "*hishʾîr*": "hiphil perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - he will leave", "*ʾaḥărāyw*": "preposition with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - behind him/after him", "*berākhâ*": "feminine singular noun - blessing", "*minḥâ*": "feminine singular noun - grain offering", "*nesekh*": "masculine singular noun - drink offering", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - divine name", "*ʾĕlōhêkhem*": "masculine plural noun with 2nd person masculine plural suffix - your God" }, "variants": { "*yôdēaʿ*": "knowing/who knows", "*yāshûb*": "he will return/turn/repent", "*niḥām*": "he will relent/repent/have compassion", "*hishʾîr*": "he will leave/leave behind/leave over", "*berākhâ*": "blessing/gift", "*minḥâ*": "grain offering/tribute/gift", "*nesekh*": "drink offering/libation" } }
• 1 Chr 10:1 : 1 { "verseID": "1 Chronicles.10.1", "source": "וּפְלִשְׁתִּ֖ים נִלְחֲמ֣וּ בְיִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל וַיָּ֤נָס אִֽישׁ־יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ מִפְּנֵ֣י פְלִשְׁתִּ֔ים וַיִּפְּל֥וּ חֲלָלִ֖ים בְּהַ֥ר גִּלְבֹּֽעַ׃", "text": "And *pəlištîm* *nilḥămû* in-*yiśrāʾēl*, *wayyānās* *ʾîš*-*yiśrāʾēl* from-*pənê* *pəlištîm*, *wayyippəlû* *ḥălālîm* in-*har* *gilbōaʿ*.", "grammar": { "*pəlištîm*": "noun, masculine plural - Philistines", "*nilḥămû*": "verb, Niphal perfect, 3rd person plural - they fought", "*yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel", "*wayyānās*": "verb, Qal imperfect with waw consecutive, 3rd person masculine singular - and he fled", "*ʾîš*": "noun, masculine singular construct - man of/men of (collective usage)", "*pənê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - face of/presence of", "*wayyippəlû*": "verb, Qal imperfect with waw consecutive, 3rd person masculine plural - and they fell", "*ḥălālîm*": "noun, masculine plural - slain ones/fatally wounded", "*har*": "noun, masculine singular construct - mountain of", "*gilbōaʿ*": "proper noun - Gilboa" }, "variants": { "*pəlištîm*": "Philistines", "*nilḥămû*": "fought/battled/waged war", "*wayyānās*": "and fled/ran away/retreated", "*ʾîš-yiśrāʾēl*": "men of Israel/Israelite forces/Israelites (collective)", "*pənê*": "face of/before/from the presence of", "*wayyippəlû*": "and they fell/were struck down", "*ḥălālîm*": "slain ones/wounded/dead bodies", "*har gilbōaʿ*": "Mount Gilboa" } }
• 1 Chr 10:8 : 8 { "verseID": "1 Chronicles.10.8", "source": "וַיְהִי֙ מִֽמָּחֳרָ֔ת וַיָּבֹ֣אוּ פְלִשְׁתִּ֔ים לְפַשֵּׁ֖ט אֶת־הֽ͏ַחֲלָלִ֑ים וַֽיִּמְצְא֤וּ אֶת־שָׁאוּל֙ וְאֶת־בָּנָ֔יו נֹפְלִ֖ים בְּהַ֥ר גִּלְבֹּֽעַ׃", "text": "And *wayəhî* on-*mimmāḥŏrāt* and *wayyābōʾû* *pəlištîm* to-*ləpaššēṭ* *ʾet*-*haḥălālîm*, and *wayyimṣəʾû* *ʾet*-*šāʾûl* and *ʾet*-*bānāyw* *nōpəlîm* on-*har* *gilbōaʿ*.", "grammar": { "*wayəhî*": "verb, Qal imperfect with waw consecutive, 3rd person masculine singular - and it happened", "*mimmāḥŏrāt*": "noun, feminine singular with preposition - on the next day", "*wayyābōʾû*": "verb, Qal imperfect with waw consecutive, 3rd person masculine plural - and they came", "*pəlištîm*": "noun, masculine plural - Philistines", "*ləpaššēṭ*": "verb, Piel infinitive construct with preposition - to strip", "*haḥălālîm*": "noun, masculine plural with definite article - the slain", "*wayyimṣəʾû*": "verb, Qal imperfect with waw consecutive, 3rd person masculine plural - and they found", "*šāʾûl*": "proper noun - Saul", "*bānāyw*": "noun, masculine plural with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his sons", "*nōpəlîm*": "verb, Qal participle, masculine plural - fallen", "*har*": "noun, masculine singular construct - mountain of", "*gilbōaʿ*": "proper noun - Gilboa" }, "variants": { "*wayəhî*": "and it happened/came to pass", "*mimmāḥŏrāt*": "on the next day/the following day", "*ləpaššēṭ*": "to strip/plunder/loot", "*haḥălālîm*": "the slain/the dead bodies/the fallen", "*nōpəlîm*": "fallen/lying dead", "*har gilbōaʿ*": "Mount Gilboa" } }
• Job 3:3-9 : 3 { "verseID": "Job.3.3", "source": "יֹ֣אבַד י֭וֹם אִוָּ֣לֶד בּ֑וֹ וְהַלַּ֥יְלָה אָ֝מַ֗ר הֹ֣רָה גָֽבֶר׃", "text": "*yōʾbad yôm ʾiwwāled bô wə-hallaylâ ʾāmar hōrâ gāber*", "grammar": { "*yōʾbad*": "verb, Qal imperfect jussive, 3rd masculine singular - let perish", "*yôm*": "noun, masculine singular - day", "*ʾiwwāled*": "verb, Niphal perfect, 1st common singular - I was born", "*bô*": "preposition with 3rd masculine singular suffix - in it", "*wə-hallaylâ*": "conjunction + definite article + noun, masculine singular - and the night", "*ʾāmar*": "verb, Qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - said", "*hōrâ*": "verb, Pual perfect, 3rd masculine singular - was conceived", "*gāber*": "noun, masculine singular - man/male" }, "variants": { "*yōʾbad*": "let perish/be destroyed/be lost", "*ʾiwwāled*": "I was born/was brought forth", "*hōrâ*": "was conceived/brought into existence", "*gāber*": "man/male/strong one" } } 4 { "verseID": "Job.3.4", "source": "הַיּ֥וֹם הַה֗וּא יְֽהִ֫י חֹ֥שֶׁךְ אַֽל־יִדְרְשֵׁ֣הוּ אֱל֣וֹהַּ מִמָּ֑עַל וְאַל־תּוֹפַ֖ע עָלָ֣יו נְהָרָֽה׃", "text": "*hayyôm hahûʾ yəhî ḥōšek ʾal-yidrəšēhû ʾĕlôah mimmāʿal wə-ʾal-tôpaʿ ʿālāyw nəhārâ*", "grammar": { "*hayyôm*": "definite article + noun, masculine singular - the day", "*hahûʾ*": "definite article + demonstrative pronoun, masculine singular - that", "*yəhî*": "verb, Qal jussive, 3rd masculine singular - let it be", "*ḥōšek*": "noun, masculine singular - darkness", "*ʾal-yidrəšēhû*": "negative particle + verb, Qal imperfect jussive, 3rd masculine singular with 3rd masculine singular suffix - let not seek it", "*ʾĕlôah*": "noun, masculine singular - God", "*mimmāʿal*": "preposition + noun - from above", "*wə-ʾal-tôpaʿ*": "conjunction + negative particle + verb, Hiphil jussive, 3rd feminine singular - and let not shine", "*ʿālāyw*": "preposition with 3rd masculine singular suffix - upon it", "*nəhārâ*": "noun, feminine singular - light" }, "variants": { "*yidrəšēhû*": "seek it/care for it/inquire after it", "*ʾĕlôah*": "God/deity", "*mimmāʿal*": "from above/from on high", "*tôpaʿ*": "shine/beam/appear", "*nəhārâ*": "light/daylight/brightness" } } 5 { "verseID": "Job.3.5", "source": "יִגְאָלֻ֡הוּ חֹ֣שֶׁךְ וְ֭צַלְמָוֶת תִּשְׁכָּן־עָלָ֣יו עֲנָנָ֑ה יְ֝בַעֲתֻ֗הוּ כִּֽמְרִ֥ירֵי יֽוֹם׃", "text": "*yigʾālûhû ḥōšek wə-ṣalmāwet tiškān-ʿālāyw ʿănānâ yəbaʿătûhû kimrîrê yôm*", "grammar": { "*yigʾālûhû*": "verb, Qal imperfect jussive, 3rd masculine plural with 3rd masculine singular suffix - let them claim it", "*ḥōšek*": "noun, masculine singular - darkness", "*wə-ṣalmāwet*": "conjunction + noun, masculine singular - and deep darkness/shadow of death", "*tiškān*": "verb, Qal imperfect jussive, 3rd feminine singular - let dwell", "*ʿālāyw*": "preposition with 3rd masculine singular suffix - upon it", "*ʿănānâ*": "noun, feminine singular - cloud", "*yəbaʿătûhû*": "verb, Piel imperfect jussive, 3rd masculine plural with 3rd masculine singular suffix - let them terrify it", "*kimrîrê*": "preposition + noun, masculine plural construct - like the blacknesses of", "*yôm*": "noun, masculine singular - day" }, "variants": { "*yigʾālûhû*": "claim it/redeem it/defile it", "*ṣalmāwet*": "deep darkness/shadow of death", "*tiškān*": "dwell/rest/settle", "*ʿănānâ*": "cloud/dark cloud", "*yəbaʿătûhû*": "terrify it/frighten it", "*kimrîrê*": "blacknesses/darknesses/eclipses" } } 6 { "verseID": "Job.3.6", "source": "הַלַּ֥יְלָה הַהוּא֮ יִקָּחֵ֢ה֫וּ אֹ֥פֶל אַל־יִ֭חַדְּ בִּימֵ֣י שָׁנָ֑ה בְּמִסְפַּ֥ר יְ֝רָחִ֗ים אַל־יָבֹֽא׃", "text": "*hallaylâ hahûʾ yiqqāḥēhû ʾōpel ʾal-yiḥadd bîmê šānâ bəmispar yərāḥîm ʾal-yābōʾ*", "grammar": { "*hallaylâ*": "definite article + noun, masculine singular - the night", "*hahûʾ*": "definite article + demonstrative pronoun, masculine singular - that", "*yiqqāḥēhû*": "verb, Qal imperfect jussive, 3rd masculine singular with 3rd masculine singular suffix - let it take it", "*ʾōpel*": "noun, masculine singular - deep darkness", "*ʾal-yiḥadd*": "negative particle + verb, Qal imperfect jussive, 3rd masculine singular - let it not rejoice", "*bîmê*": "preposition + noun, masculine plural construct - in the days of", "*šānâ*": "noun, feminine singular - year", "*bəmispar*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular construct - in the number of", "*yərāḥîm*": "noun, masculine plural - months", "*ʾal-yābōʾ*": "negative particle + verb, Qal imperfect jussive, 3rd masculine singular - let it not come" }, "variants": { "*yiqqāḥēhû*": "take it/seize it/carry it away", "*ʾōpel*": "deep darkness/gloom", "*yiḥadd*": "rejoice/be united with/be joined to", "*yərāḥîm*": "months/moons", "*yābōʾ*": "come/enter/arrive" } } 7 { "verseID": "Job.3.7", "source": "הִנֵּ֤ה הַלַּ֣יְלָה הַ֭הוּא יְהִ֣י גַלְמ֑וּד אַל־תָּבֹ֖א רְנָנָ֣ה בֽוֹ׃", "text": "*hinnēh hallaylâ hahûʾ yəhî galmûd ʾal-tābōʾ rənānâ bô*", "grammar": { "*hinnēh*": "interjection - behold", "*hallaylâ*": "definite article + noun, masculine singular - the night", "*hahûʾ*": "definite article + demonstrative pronoun, masculine singular - that", "*yəhî*": "verb, Qal jussive, 3rd masculine singular - let it be", "*galmûd*": "adjective, masculine singular - barren/desolate", "*ʾal-tābōʾ*": "negative particle + verb, Qal imperfect jussive, 3rd feminine singular - let not enter", "*rənānâ*": "noun, feminine singular - joyful cry", "*bô*": "preposition with 3rd masculine singular suffix - in it" }, "variants": { "*hinnēh*": "behold/look/see", "*yəhî*": "let it be/may it become", "*galmûd*": "barren/desolate/sterile/solitary", "*tābōʾ*": "enter/come/arrive", "*rənānâ*": "joyful cry/shout of joy/singing" } } 8 { "verseID": "Job.3.8", "source": "יִקְּבֻ֥הוּ אֹרְרֵי־י֑וֹם הָ֝עֲתִידִ֗ים עֹרֵ֥ר לִוְיָתָֽן׃", "text": "*yiqqəbûhû ʾōrərê-yôm hāʿătîdîm ʿōrēr liwyātān*", "grammar": { "*yiqqəbûhû*": "verb, Qal imperfect jussive, 3rd masculine plural with 3rd masculine singular suffix - let them curse it", "*ʾōrərê-yôm*": "verb, Qal participle, masculine plural construct + noun, masculine singular - cursers of day", "*hāʿătîdîm*": "definite article + verb, Piel participle, masculine plural - the ones skilled", "*ʿōrēr*": "verb, Polel infinitive construct - to rouse", "*liwyātān*": "noun, masculine singular - Leviathan" }, "variants": { "*yiqqəbûhû*": "curse it/abhor it/denounce it", "*ʾōrərê*": "cursers/those who execrate", "*hāʿătîdîm*": "those who are skilled/ready/prepared", "*ʿōrēr*": "to rouse/to awaken/to stir up", "*liwyātān*": "Leviathan/sea monster/dragon" } } 9 { "verseID": "Job.3.9", "source": "יֶחְשְׁכוּ֮ כּוֹכְבֵ֢י נִ֫שְׁפּ֥וֹ יְקַו־לְא֥וֹר וָאַ֑יִן וְאַל־יִ֝רְאֶ֗ה בְּעַפְעַפֵּי־שָֽׁחַר׃", "text": "*yeḥšəkû kôkəbê nišpô yəqaw-ləʾôr wāʾāyin wəʾal-yirʾeh bəʿapʿappê-šāḥar*", "grammar": { "*yeḥšəkû*": "verb, Qal imperfect jussive, 3rd masculine plural - let them grow dark", "*kôkəbê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - stars of", "*nišpô*": "noun, masculine singular with 3rd masculine singular suffix - its twilight", "*yəqaw-ləʾôr*": "verb, Piel imperfect jussive, 3rd masculine singular + preposition + noun - let it wait for light", "*wāʾāyin*": "conjunction + particle of negation - but there is none", "*wəʾal-yirʾeh*": "conjunction + negative particle + verb, Qal imperfect jussive, 3rd masculine singular - and let it not see", "*bəʿapʿappê-šāḥar*": "preposition + noun, feminine dual construct + noun - in the eyelids of dawn" }, "variants": { "*yeḥšəkû*": "grow dark/be darkened/become black", "*kôkəbê*": "stars of/constellations of", "*nišpô*": "its twilight/its dusk", "*yəqaw*": "wait for/hope for/look for", "*wāʾāyin*": "but there is none/but it is not", "*yirʾeh*": "see/look upon/perceive", "*ʿapʿappê-šāḥar*": "eyelids of dawn/rays of morning" } } 10 { "verseID": "Job.3.10", "source": "כִּ֤י לֹ֣א סָ֭גַר דַּלְתֵ֣י בִטְנִ֑י וַיַּסְתֵּ֥ר עָ֝מָ֗ל מֵעֵינָֽי׃", "text": "*kî lōʾ sāgar daltê biṭnî wayyastēr ʿāmāl mēʿênāy*", "grammar": { "*kî*": "conjunction - because", "*lōʾ*": "negative particle - not", "*sāgar*": "verb, Qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - it shut up", "*daltê*": "noun, feminine plural construct - doors of", "*biṭnî*": "noun, feminine singular with 1st common singular suffix - my womb", "*wayyastēr*": "conjunction + verb, Hiphil imperfect consecutive, 3rd masculine singular - and hide", "*ʿāmāl*": "noun, masculine singular - trouble", "*mēʿênāy*": "preposition + noun, feminine dual with 1st common singular suffix - from my eyes" }, "variants": { "*sāgar*": "shut up/closed/bolted", "*daltê*": "doors/gates", "*biṭnî*": "my womb/my belly/my body", "*wayyastēr*": "and hide/and conceal", "*ʿāmāl*": "trouble/misery/toil/sorrow" } }
• Isa 5:6 : 6 { "verseID": "Isaiah.5.6", "source": "וַאֲשִׁיתֵ֣הוּ בָתָ֗ה לֹ֤א יִזָּמֵר֙ וְלֹ֣א יֵעָדֵ֔ר וְעָלָ֥ה שָׁמִ֖יר וָשָׁ֑יִת וְעַ֤ל הֶעָבִים֙ אֲצַוֶּ֔ה מֵהַמְטִ֥יר עָלָ֖יו מָטָֽר׃", "text": "And I will *waʾăšîtēhû* *bātâ*, it shall not *yizzāmēr* and shall not *yēʿādēr*, and *wəʿālâ* *šāmîr* and *wāšāyit*; and upon the *heʿābîm* I will *ʾăṣawweh* from *mēhamṭîr* upon it *māṭār*.", "grammar": { "*waʾăšîtēhû*": "qal imperfect 1st person singular with vav consecutive and 3rd person masculine singular suffix - and I will make it", "*bātâ*": "feminine singular noun - waste/desolation", "*yizzāmēr*": "niphal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular - it will be pruned", "*yēʿādēr*": "niphal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular - it will be hoed/tilled", "*wəʿālâ*": "qal perfect 3rd person masculine singular with vav consecutive - and will come up", "*šāmîr*": "masculine singular noun - thorns/briars", "*wāšāyit*": "conjunction with masculine singular noun - and thistles/weeds", "*heʿābîm*": "definite article with masculine plural noun - the clouds", "*ʾăṣawweh*": "piel imperfect 1st person singular - I will command", "*mēhamṭîr*": "hiphil infinitive construct with preposition - from raining", "*māṭār*": "masculine singular noun - rain" }, "variants": { "*bātâ*": "waste/desolation/ruin", "*šāmîr*": "thorns/briars/brambles", "*šāyit*": "thistles/weeds/thorny plants" } }