Verse 1

{ "verseID": "Genesis.2.1", "source": "וַיְכֻלּ֛וּ הַשָּׁמַ֥יִם וְהָאָ֖רֶץ וְכָל־צְבָאָֽם׃", "text": "*wə-yəḵullû* the *haššāmayim* and-the-*hāʾāreṣ* and-all-*ṣəḇāʾām*", "grammar": { "*wə-yəḵullû*": "waw consecutive + Pual imperfect, 3rd plural - and they were completed/finished", "*haššāmayim*": "definite article + noun, masculine, plural - the heavens", "*hāʾāreṣ*": "definite article + noun, feminine, singular - the earth", "*ṣəḇāʾām*": "noun, masculine, singular + 3rd person plural possessive suffix - their host/array" }, "variants": { "*yəḵullû*": "were completed/were finished/were concluded", "*ṣəḇāʾām*": "their hosts/their array/their multitude/their heavenly bodies" } }

Other Translations

Referenced Verses

  • Ps 33:6 : 6 { "verseID": "Psalms.33.6", "source": "בִּדְבַ֣ר יְ֭הוָה שָׁמַ֣יִם נַעֲשׂ֑וּ וּבְר֥וּחַ פִּ֝֗יו כָּל־צְבָאָֽם׃", "text": "By-*dəbar* *YHWH* *šāmayim* *naʿăśû* and-by-*rûaḥ* *pîw* all-*ṣəbā'ām*", "grammar": { "*dəbar*": "masculine singular construct noun with preposition *bə-* (by/with) - word of", "*YHWH*": "divine name", "*šāmayim*": "masculine plural noun - heavens", "*naʿăśû*": "niphal perfect, 3rd person plural - were made/were created", "*û-bə-rûaḥ*": "feminine singular noun with conjunction *wə-* and preposition *bə-* (and by) - breath/spirit", "*pîw*": "masculine singular noun with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his mouth", "*kāl*": "masculine singular construct - all/every", "*ṣəbā'ām*": "masculine singular noun with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - their host/army" }, "variants": { "*dəbar*": "word/speech/command", "*šāmayim*": "heavens/sky", "*naʿăśû*": "were made/were created/were done", "*rûaḥ*": "breath/wind/spirit", "*pîw*": "his mouth/his command", "*ṣəbā'ām*": "their host/their army/their multitude/their array" } }
  • Gen 1:1 : 1 { "verseID": "Genesis.1.1", "source": "בְּרֵאשִׁ֖ית בָּרָ֣א אֱלֹהִ֑ים אֵ֥ת הַשָּׁמַ֖יִם וְאֵ֥ת הָאָֽרֶץ׃", "text": "In *bĕrēšît* *bārā* *ʾĕlōhîm* *ʾēt* the *šāmayim* *wĕ-ʾēt* the *ʾāreṣ*", "grammar": { "*bĕrēšît*": "preposition + noun, feminine singular construct - in beginning of", "*bārā*": "verb, qal perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - created", "*ʾĕlōhîm*": "noun, masculine plural - God", "*ʾēt*": "direct object marker", "*šāmayim*": "noun, masculine dual - heavens/sky", "*wĕ-ʾēt*": "conjunction + direct object marker - and", "*ʾāreṣ*": "noun, feminine singular - earth/land" }, "variants": { "*bĕrēšît*": "in the beginning/at first/when beginning", "*bārā*": "created/formed/shaped", "*ʾĕlōhîm*": "God/gods/divine beings", "*šāmayim*": "heavens/sky/visible firmament", "*ʾāreṣ*": "earth/land/ground/territory" } }
  • Exod 31:17 : 17 { "verseID": "Exodus.31.17", "source": "בֵּינִ֗י וּבֵין֙ בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל א֥וֹת הִ֖וא לְעֹלָ֑ם כִּי־שֵׁ֣שֶׁת יָמִ֗ים עָשָׂ֤ה יְהוָה֙ אֶת־הַשָּׁמַ֣יִם וְאֶת־הָאָ֔רֶץ וּבַיּוֹם֙ הַשְּׁבִיעִ֔י שָׁבַ֖ת וַיִּנָּפַֽשׁ׃ ס", "text": "Between-me and-between *bənê* *Yiśrāʾēl* *ʾôt* *hîʾ* for-*ʿôlām* for-six *yāmîm* *ʿāśâ* *YHWH* *ʾet*-the-*šāmayim* and-*ʾet*-the-*ʾereṣ* and-in-the-*yôm* the-seventh *šābat* and-*wə-* *nāpaš*", "grammar": { "*bənê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - sons of", "*Yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel", "*ʾôt*": "noun, feminine singular - sign", "*hîʾ*": "3rd feminine singular pronoun - it/she", "*ʿôlām*": "noun, masculine singular with preposition *lə* - for ever", "*yāmîm*": "noun, masculine plural - days", "*ʿāśâ*": "qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - made", "*YHWH*": "proper noun, subject - the LORD/Yahweh", "*šāmayim*": "noun, masculine plural with direct object marker and definite article - the heavens", "*ʾereṣ*": "noun, feminine singular with direct object marker, conjunction *wə* and definite article - and the earth", "*yôm*": "noun, masculine singular with preposition *bə*, conjunction *wə* and definite article - and in the day", "*šābat*": "qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - he rested", "*nāpaš*": "niphal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular with sequential *wə* - and was refreshed" }, "variants": { "*ʾôt*": "sign/token/mark", "*ʿôlām*": "forever/perpetually/eternity", "*ʿāśâ*": "made/created/produced", "*šāmayim*": "heavens/sky", "*ʾereṣ*": "earth/land/ground", "*šābat*": "rested/ceased/desisted", "*nāpaš*": "was refreshed/was restored/was reinvigorated" } }
  • Deut 4:19 : 19 { "verseID": "Deuteronomy.4.19", "source": "וּפֶן־תִּשָּׂ֨א עֵינֶ֜יךָ הַשָּׁמַ֗יְמָה וְֽ֠רָאִיתָ אֶת־הַשֶּׁ֨מֶשׁ וְאֶת־הַיָּרֵ֜חַ וְאֶת־הַכּֽוֹכָבִ֗ים כֹּ֚ל צְבָ֣א הַשָּׁמַ֔יִם וְנִדַּחְתָּ֛ וְהִשְׁתַּחֲוִ֥יתָ לָהֶ֖ם וַעֲבַדְתָּ֑ם אֲשֶׁ֨ר חָלַ֜ק יְהוָ֤ה אֱלֹהֶ֙יךָ֙ אֹתָ֔ם לְכֹל֙ הָֽעַמִּ֔ים תַּ֖חַת כָּל־הַשָּׁמָֽיִם׃", "text": "*û-pen-tiśśāʾ ʿênêkā ha-šāmaymāh wə-rāʾîtā ʾet-ha-ššemeš wə-ʾet-ha-yyārēaḥ wə-ʾet-ha-kkôkābîm kōl ṣəbāʾ ha-šāmayim wə-niddaḥtā wə-hištaḥăwîtā lāhem wa-ʿăbadtām ʾăšer ḥālaq YHWH ʾĕlōhêkā ʾōtām lə-kōl hā-ʿammîm taḥat kol-ha-šāmāyim*.", "grammar": { "*û-pen*": "conjunction + conjunction - and lest", "*tiśśāʾ*": "Qal imperfect, 2nd masculine singular - you lift up", "*ʿênêkā*": "common dual noun with 2nd masculine singular suffix - your eyes", "*ha-šāmaymāh*": "definite article + noun + directional suffix - to the heavens", "*wə-rāʾîtā*": "conjunction + Qal perfect, 2nd masculine singular - and see", "*ʾet-ha-ššemeš*": "direct object marker + definite article + noun - the sun", "*wə-ʾet-ha-yyārēaḥ*": "conjunction + direct object marker + definite article + noun - and the moon", "*wə-ʾet-ha-kkôkābîm*": "conjunction + direct object marker + definite article + noun - and the stars", "*kōl*": "noun - all", "*ṣəbāʾ*": "masculine singular construct noun - host of", "*ha-šāmayim*": "definite article + masculine plural noun - the heavens", "*wə-niddaḥtā*": "conjunction + Niphal perfect, 2nd masculine singular - and be drawn away", "*wə-hištaḥăwîtā*": "conjunction + Hishtaphel perfect, 2nd masculine singular - and bow down", "*lāhem*": "preposition with 3rd masculine plural suffix - to them", "*wa-ʿăbadtām*": "conjunction + Qal perfect, 2nd masculine singular with 3rd masculine plural suffix - and serve them", "*ʾăšer*": "relative pronoun - which", "*ḥālaq*": "Qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - allotted", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - LORD/Yahweh", "*ʾĕlōhêkā*": "masculine plural noun with 2nd masculine singular suffix - your God", "*ʾōtām*": "direct object marker with 3rd masculine plural suffix - them", "*lə-kōl*": "preposition + noun - to all", "*hā-ʿammîm*": "definite article + masculine plural noun - the peoples", "*taḥat*": "preposition - under", "*kol-ha-šāmāyim*": "construct chain: noun + definite article + masculine plural noun - all the heavens" }, "variants": { "*pen*": "lest/that not/beware that not", "*tiśśāʾ*": "lift up/raise/look up", "*ʿênêkā*": "your eyes/your sight", "*šāmaymāh*": "heavenward/toward the sky", "*rāʾîtā*": "see/observe/behold", "*šemeš*": "sun/solar body", "*yārēaḥ*": "moon/lunar body", "*kôkābîm*": "stars/celestial bodies", "*ṣəbāʾ*": "host/army/multitude", "*niddaḥtā*": "be drawn away/be impelled/be led astray", "*hištaḥăwîtā*": "bow down/prostrate yourself/worship", "*ʿăbadtām*": "serve them/worship them", "*ḥālaq*": "allotted/apportioned/assigned", "*ʾĕlōhîm*": "God/gods/divine beings", "*ʿammîm*": "peoples/nations", "*taḥat*": "under/beneath" } }
  • 2 Kgs 19:15 : 15 { "verseID": "2 Kings.19.15", "source": "וַיִּתְפַּלֵּ֨ל חִזְקִיָּ֜הוּ לִפְנֵ֣י יְהוָה֮ וַיֹּאמַר֒ יְהוָ֞ה אֱלֹהֵ֤י יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ יֹשֵׁ֣ב הַכְּרֻבִ֔ים אַתָּה־ה֤וּא הָֽאֱלֹהִים֙ לְבַדְּךָ֔ לְכֹ֖ל מַמְלְכ֣וֹת הָאָ֑רֶץ אַתָּ֣ה עָשִׂ֔יתָ אֶת־הַשָּׁמַ֖יִם וְאֶת־הָאָֽרֶץ׃", "text": "And *yitpallēl* *Ḥizqîyāhû* before *YHWH* and *yō'mar*, *YHWH* *'ĕlōhê* *Yiśrā'ēl* *yōšēḇ* the-*kᵊrūḇîm*, you-*hû'* the-*'ĕlōhîm* to-*ḇaddᵊkā*, to-all *mamlᵊkôt* the-*'āreṣ*; you *'āśîtā* *'et*-the-*šāmayim* and-*'et*-the-*'āreṣ*.", "grammar": { "*yitpallēl*": "Hitpael imperfect 3rd masculine singular - prayed", "*Ḥizqîyāhû*": "proper noun, masculine singular - Hezekiah", "*YHWH*": "proper noun, divine name - LORD", "*yō'mar*": "Qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular with waw consecutive - and he said", "*'ĕlōhê*": "noun masculine plural construct - God of", "*Yiśrā'ēl*": "proper noun - Israel", "*yōšēḇ*": "Qal participle masculine singular construct - sitting/dwelling/enthroned on", "*kᵊrūḇîm*": "noun masculine plural - cherubim", "*hû'*": "3rd person masculine singular pronoun - he/it", "*'ĕlōhîm*": "noun masculine plural - God/gods", "*ḇaddᵊkā*": "noun masculine singular construct with 2nd person masculine singular suffix - your separation/alone", "*mamlᵊkôt*": "noun feminine plural construct - kingdoms of", "*'āreṣ*": "noun feminine singular - earth/land", "*'āśîtā*": "Qal perfect 2nd masculine singular - you made/created", "*'et*": "direct object marker", "*šāmayim*": "noun masculine dual - heavens/sky", "*wᵊ-*": "conjunction - and" }, "variants": { "*yitpallēl*": "prayed/interceded/entreated", "*yōšēḇ*": "sitting/dwelling/enthroned on", "*kᵊrūḇîm*": "cherubim/angelic beings", "*'ĕlōhîm*": "God/gods/divine being", "*ḇaddᵊkā*": "your separation/alone/only you", "*'āreṣ*": "earth/land/ground/territory" } }
  • Deut 17:3 : 3 { "verseID": "Deuteronomy.17.3", "source": "וַיֵּ֗לֶךְ וֽ͏ַיַּעֲבֹד֙ אֱלֹהִ֣ים אֲחֵרִ֔ים וַיִּשְׁתַּ֖חוּ לָהֶ֑ם וְלַשֶּׁ֣מֶשׁ ׀ א֣וֹ לַיָּרֵ֗חַ א֛וֹ לְכָל־צְבָ֥א הַשָּׁמַ֖יִם אֲשֶׁ֥ר לֹא־צִוִּֽיתִי׃", "text": "And *yēlek* and *yaʿăḇōd* *ʾĕlōhîm* *ʾăḥērîm* and *yištaḥû* to them, and to the *šemeš* or to the *yārēaḥ* or to all *ṣəḇāʾ* the *šāmayim* which not *ṣiwwîtî*.", "grammar": { "וַיֵּ֗לֶךְ": "conjunction + qal imperfect 3ms consecutive - and he goes/went", "וֽ͏ַיַּעֲבֹד֙": "conjunction + qal imperfect 3ms consecutive - and he serves/served", "אֱלֹהִ֣ים": "noun masculine plural - gods", "אֲחֵרִ֔ים": "adjective masculine plural - other/foreign", "וַיִּשְׁתַּ֖חוּ": "conjunction + hishtaphel imperfect 3ms consecutive - and he bows down/prostrates", "לָהֶ֑ם": "preposition + 3mp suffix - to them", "וְלַשֶּׁ֣מֶשׁ": "conjunction + preposition + article + noun feminine singular - and to the sun", "א֣וֹ": "conjunction - or", "לַיָּרֵ֗חַ": "preposition + article + noun masculine singular - to the moon", "א֛וֹ": "conjunction - or", "לְכָל־צְבָ֥א": "preposition + noun masculine singular construct + noun masculine singular construct - to all host of", "הַשָּׁמַ֖יִם": "article + noun masculine plural - the heavens", "אֲשֶׁ֥ר": "relative particle - which", "לֹא־צִוִּֽיתִי": "negative particle + piel perfect 1cs - I did not command" }, "variants": { "*yēlek*": "goes/walks/proceeds", "*yaʿăḇōd*": "serves/worships/works for", "*ʾĕlōhîm*": "gods/deities", "*ʾăḥērîm*": "other/foreign/strange", "*yištaḥû*": "bows down/prostrates/worships", "*šemeš*": "sun", "*yārēaḥ*": "moon", "*ṣəḇāʾ*": "host/army/multitude", "*šāmayim*": "heavens/sky", "*ṣiwwîtî*": "I commanded/I ordered" } }
  • Exod 20:11 : 11 { "verseID": "Exodus.20.11", "source": "כִּ֣י שֵֽׁשֶׁת־יָמִים֩ עָשָׂ֨ה יְהוָ֜ה אֶת־הַשָּׁמַ֣יִם וְאֶת־הָאָ֗רֶץ אֶת־הַיָּם֙ וְאֶת־כָּל־אֲשֶׁר־בָּ֔ם וַיָּ֖נַח בַּיּ֣וֹם הַשְּׁבִיעִ֑י עַל־כֵּ֗ן בֵּרַ֧ךְ יְהוָ֛ה אֶת־י֥וֹם הַשַׁבָּ֖ת וַֽיְקַדְּשֵֽׁהוּ׃", "text": "*kî shēsheṯ-yāmîm ʿāśāh YHWH ʾeṯ-hash-shāmayim wə-ʾeṯ-hā-ʾāreṣ ʾeṯ-hay-yām wə-ʾeṯ-kāl-ʾăsher-bām way-yānaḥ bay-yôm hash-shəḇîʿî ʿal-kēn bēraḵ YHWH ʾeṯ-yôm hash-shabbāṯ wa-yəqaddəshēhû*", "grammar": { "*kî*": "conjunction - for/because", "*shēsheṯ-yāmîm*": "cardinal number construct + masculine plural noun - six days", "*ʿāśāh*": "qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - made", "*YHWH*": "proper name - LORD/YHWH", "*ʾeṯ-hash-shāmayim*": "direct object marker + definite article + masculine plural noun - the heavens", "*wə-ʾeṯ-hā-ʾāreṣ*": "conjunction + direct object marker + definite article + feminine singular noun - and the earth", "*ʾeṯ-hay-yām*": "direct object marker + definite article + masculine singular noun - the sea", "*wə-ʾeṯ-kāl-ʾăsher-bām*": "conjunction + direct object marker + noun construct + relative pronoun + preposition with 3rd masculine plural suffix - and all that [is] in them", "*way-yānaḥ*": "waw-consecutive + qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he rested", "*bay-yôm*": "preposition + definite article + masculine singular noun - on the day", "*hash-shəḇîʿî*": "definite article + ordinal number - the seventh", "*ʿal-kēn*": "preposition + adverb - therefore", "*bēraḵ*": "piel perfect, 3rd masculine singular - blessed", "*ʾeṯ-yôm*": "direct object marker + masculine singular construct - the day of", "*hash-shabbāṯ*": "definite article + feminine singular noun - the sabbath", "*wa-yəqaddəshēhû*": "waw-consecutive + piel imperfect, 3rd masculine singular with 3rd masculine singular suffix - and sanctified it" }, "variants": { "*way-yānaḥ*": "and he rested/and he ceased/and he refreshed himself", "*bēraḵ*": "blessed/made holy/endowed", "*wa-yəqaddəshēhû*": "and he sanctified it/and he hallowed it/and he set it apart" } }
  • Heb 4:3 : 3 { "verseID": "Hebrews.4.3", "source": "Εἰσερχόμεθα γὰρ εἰς τὴν κατάπαυσιν οἱ πιστεύσαντες, καθὼς εἴρηκεν, Ὡς ὤμοσα ἐν τῇ ὀργῇ μου, Εἰ εἰσελεύσονται εἰς τὴν κατάπαυσίν μου: καίτοι τῶν ἔργων ἀπὸ καταβολῆς κόσμου γενηθέντων.", "text": "For we *eiserchometha* into the *katapausin* those having *pisteusantes*, according as he has *eirēken*, As I *ōmosa* in the *orgē* of me, If they shall *eiseleusontai* into the *katapausin* of me: although the *ergōn* from *katabolēs* *kosmou* having been *genēthentōn*.", "grammar": { "*eiserchometha*": "present middle indicative, 1st person plural - we enter/are entering", "*katapausin*": "accusative feminine singular - rest/cessation", "*pisteusantes*": "aorist active participle, nominative masculine plural - having believed", "*eirēken*": "perfect active indicative, 3rd person singular - he has said/spoken", "*ōmosa*": "aorist active indicative, 1st person singular - I swore/took an oath", "*orgē*": "dative feminine singular - wrath/anger", "*eiseleusontai*": "future middle indicative, 3rd person plural - they will enter", "*ergōn*": "genitive neuter plural - works/deeds", "*katabolēs*": "genitive feminine singular - foundation/establishment", "*kosmou*": "genitive masculine singular - world/universe/order", "*genēthentōn*": "aorist passive participle, genitive neuter plural - having been made/created/come into being" }, "variants": { "*eiserchometha*": "enter into/go into/come into", "*katapausin*": "rest/cessation/dwelling place", "*pisteusantes*": "having believed/trusted/had faith", "*orgē*": "wrath/anger/passion/natural impulse", "*eiseleusontai*": "they will enter/come in/go in", "*ergōn*": "works/deeds/actions/tasks", "*katabolēs*": "foundation/establishment/creation", "*kosmou*": "world/universe/order/adornment" } }
  • Gen 1:10 : 10 { "verseID": "Genesis.1.10", "source": "וַיִּקְרָ֨א אֱלֹהִ֤ים ׀ לַיַּבָּשָׁה֙ אֶ֔רֶץ וּלְמִקְוֵ֥ה הַמַּ֖יִם קָרָ֣א יַמִּ֑ים וַיַּ֥רְא אֱלֹהִ֖ים כִּי־טֽוֹב׃", "text": "And *wayyiqrāʾ* *ʾĕlōhîm* to the *yabbāšāh* *ʾereṣ* and to *miqwēh* the *mayim* *qārāʾ* *yammîm* and *wayyarʾ* *ʾĕlōhîm* that *ṭôb*", "grammar": { "*la-yabbāšāh*": "preposition + definite article + noun - to the dry land", "*ʾereṣ*": "noun, feminine singular - earth/land", "*û-lĕ-miqwēh*": "conjunction + preposition + noun, masculine singular construct - and to gathering of", "*qārāʾ*": "verb, qal perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - called", "*yammîm*": "noun, masculine plural - seas" }, "variants": { "*miqwēh*": "gathering/collection/reservoir", "*yammîm*": "seas/oceans/large bodies of water" } }
  • Gen 2:4 : 4 { "verseID": "Genesis.2.4", "source": "אֵ֣לֶּה תוֹלְד֧וֹת הַשָּׁמַ֛יִם וְהָאָ֖רֶץ בְּהִבָּֽרְאָ֑ם בְּי֗וֹם עֲשׂ֛וֹת יְהוָ֥ה אֱלֹהִ֖ים אֶ֥רֶץ וְשָׁמָֽיִם׃", "text": "*ʾēlleh ṯôləḏôṯ haššāmayim wə-hāʾāreṣ bəhibbārəʾām bəyôm ʿăśôṯ YHWH ʾĕlōhîm ʾereṣ wə-šāmāyim*", "grammar": { "*ʾēlleh*": "demonstrative pronoun, plural - these", "*ṯôləḏôṯ*": "noun, feminine, plural construct - generations/accounts/history of", "*haššāmayim*": "definite article + noun, masculine, plural - the heavens", "*wə-hāʾāreṣ*": "conjunction + definite article + noun, feminine, singular - and the earth", "*bəhibbārəʾām*": "preposition + Niphal infinitive construct + 3rd person masculine plural suffix - in their being created", "*bəyôm*": "preposition + noun, masculine, singular construct - in day of", "*ʿăśôṯ*": "Qal infinitive construct - making/doing", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - Yahweh/LORD", "*ʾĕlōhîm*": "noun, masculine, plural (with singular meaning) - God", "*ʾereṣ*": "noun, feminine, singular - earth/land", "*wə-šāmāyim*": "conjunction + noun, masculine, plural - and heavens" }, "variants": { "*ṯôləḏôṯ*": "generations/history/account/genealogy", "*bəhibbārəʾām*": "when they were created/in their creation", "*ʿăśôṯ*": "making/doing/producing/fashioning", "*YHWH*": "Yahweh/LORD/the Eternal", "*ʾĕlōhîm*": "God/gods/divine beings" } }
  • 2 Kgs 21:3-5 : 3 { "verseID": "2Kings.21.3", "source": "וַיָּ֗שָׁב וַיִּ֙בֶן֙ אֶת־הַבָּמ֔וֹת אֲשֶׁ֥ר אִבַּ֖ד חִזְקִיָּ֣הוּ אָבִ֑יו וַיָּ֨קֶם מִזְבְּחֹ֜ת לַבַּ֗עַל וַיַּ֤עַשׂ אֲשֵׁרָה֙ כַּאֲשֶׁ֣ר עָשָׂ֗ה אַחְאָב֙ מֶ֣לֶךְ יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל וַיִּשְׁתַּ֙חוּ֙ לְכָל־צְבָ֣א הַשָּׁמַ֔יִם וַֽיַּעֲבֹ֖ד אֹתָֽם׃", "text": "*wa-yāshāb* *wa-yiben* *'et*-the-*bāmôt* *'ăsher* *'ibbad* *Ḥizqîyāhû* *'ābîw* *wa-yāqem* *mizbĕḥōt* to-*ba'al* *wa-ya'as* *'ăshērāh* *ka'ăsher* *'āsāh* *'Aḥ'āb* *melek* *Yisrā'ēl* *wa-yishtaḥû* to-all-*ṣĕbā'* the-*shāmayim* *wa-ya'ăbōd* *'ōtām*", "grammar": { "*wa-yāshāb*": "conjunction + Qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and he returned/again", "*wa-yiben*": "conjunction + Qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and he built", "*'et*": "direct object marker", "*bāmôt*": "feminine plural noun with definite article - the high places", "*'ăsher*": "relative particle - which", "*'ibbad*": "Piel perfect 3rd masculine singular - he destroyed", "*Ḥizqîyāhû*": "proper noun - Hezekiah", "*'ābîw*": "noun with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his father", "*wa-yāqem*": "conjunction + Hiphil imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and he erected", "*mizbĕḥōt*": "masculine plural noun - altars", "*ba'al*": "proper noun with preposition - to/for Baal", "*wa-ya'as*": "conjunction + Qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and he made", "*'ăshērāh*": "proper noun/cultic object - Asherah pole", "*ka'ăsher*": "preposition + relative particle - as/like", "*'āsāh*": "Qal perfect 3rd masculine singular - he made/did", "*'Aḥ'āb*": "proper noun - Ahab", "*melek*": "construct state - king of", "*Yisrā'ēl*": "proper noun - Israel", "*wa-yishtaḥû*": "conjunction + Hishtaphel imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and he bowed down", "*ṣĕbā'*": "construct state - host of", "*shāmayim*": "masculine plural noun with definite article - the heaven/sky", "*wa-ya'ăbōd*": "conjunction + Qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and he served", "*'ōtām*": "direct object marker with 3rd masculine plural suffix - them" }, "variants": { "*wa-yāshāb*": "he returned/he turned back/he did again", "*bāmôt*": "high places/altars on hills/sacred platforms", "*'ibbad*": "destroyed/obliterated/removed", "*'ăshērāh*": "Asherah pole/sacred tree/goddess image", "*ṣĕbā'*": "host/army/multitude" } } 4 { "verseID": "2Kings.21.4", "source": "וּבָנָ֥ה מִזְבְּחֹ֖ת בְּבֵ֣ית יְהוָ֑ה אֲשֶׁר֙ אָמַ֣ר יְהוָ֔ה בִּירוּשָׁלַ֖͏ִם אָשִׂ֥ים אֶת־שְׁמִֽי׃", "text": "*û-bānāh* *mizbĕḥōt* in-*bêyt* *YHWH* *'ăsher* *'āmar* *YHWH* in-*Yerûshālāim* *'āsîm* *'et*-*shĕmî*", "grammar": { "*û-bānāh*": "conjunction + Qal perfect 3rd masculine singular - and he built", "*mizbĕḥōt*": "masculine plural noun - altars", "*bêyt*": "construct state - house of", "*YHWH*": "divine name - LORD", "*'ăsher*": "relative particle - of which", "*'āmar*": "Qal perfect 3rd masculine singular - he said", "*Yerûshālāim*": "proper noun - Jerusalem", "*'āsîm*": "Qal imperfect 1st person singular - I will put/place", "*'et*": "direct object marker", "*shĕmî*": "noun with 1st person singular suffix - my name" }, "variants": { "*bêyt*": "house/temple/dwelling", "*'āsîm*": "I will put/I will place/I will establish" } } 5 { "verseID": "2Kings.21.5", "source": "וַיִּ֥בֶן מִזְבְּח֖וֹת לְכָל־צְבָ֣א הַשָּׁמָ֑יִם בִּשְׁתֵּ֖י חַצְר֥וֹת בֵּית־יְהוָֽה׃", "text": "*wa-yiben* *mizbĕḥōt* to-all-*ṣĕbā'* the-*shāmayim* in-*shtêy* *ḥaṣrôt* *bêyt*-*YHWH*", "grammar": { "*wa-yiben*": "conjunction + Qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and he built", "*mizbĕḥōt*": "masculine plural noun - altars", "*ṣĕbā'*": "construct state - host of", "*shāmayim*": "masculine plural noun with definite article - the heaven", "*shtêy*": "construct state - two of", "*ḥaṣrôt*": "feminine plural construct - courts of", "*bêyt*": "construct state - house of", "*YHWH*": "divine name - LORD" }, "variants": { "*ṣĕbā'*": "host/army/multitude", "*ḥaṣrôt*": "courts/courtyards/enclosures" } }
  • 2 Chr 2:12 : 12 { "verseID": "2 Chronicles.2.12", "source": "וְעַתָּ֗ה שָׁלַ֧חְתִּי אִישׁ־חָכָ֛ם יוֹדֵ֥עַ בִּינָ֖ה לְחוּרָ֥ם אָבִֽי׃", "text": "And-*ʿattāh* *šālaḥtî* *ʾîš*-*ḥāḵām* *yôdēaʿ* *bînāh* to-*ḥûrām* *ʾāḇî*.", "grammar": { "*ʿattāh*": "adverb - now", "*šālaḥtî*": "qal perfect, 1st common singular - I have sent", "*ʾîš*": "common noun, masculine singular construct - man of", "*ḥāḵām*": "adjective, masculine singular - skilled, wise", "*yôdēaʿ*": "qal participle, masculine singular - knowing", "*bînāh*": "common noun, feminine singular - understanding", "*ḥûrām*": "proper noun, masculine singular - Huram/Hiram", "*ʾāḇî*": "common noun, masculine singular construct + 1st singular suffix - my father/master" }, "variants": { "*ʾîš*-*ḥāḵām*": "wise man, skilled artisan, craftsman", "*yôdēaʿ* *bînāh*": "having understanding, possessing insight, knowledgeable", "*ʾāḇî*": "my father, my master, my advisor (title of respect)" } }
  • Neh 9:6 : 6 { "verseID": "Nehemiah.9.6", "source": "אַתָּה־ה֣וּא יְהוָה֮ לְבַדֶּךָ֒ *את **אַתָּ֣ה עָשִׂ֡יתָ אֶֽת־הַשָּׁמַיִם֩ שְׁמֵ֨י הַשָּׁמַ֜יִם וְכָל־צְבָאָ֗ם הָאָ֜רֶץ וְכָל־אֲשֶׁ֤ר עָלֶ֙יהָ֙ הַיַּמִּים֙ וְכָל־אֲשֶׁ֣ר בָּהֶ֔ם וְאַתָּ֖ה מְחַיֶּ֣ה אֶת־כֻּלָּ֑ם וּצְבָ֥א הַשָּׁמַ֖יִם לְךָ֥ מִשְׁתַּחֲוִֽים׃", "text": "*ʾattâ*-*hûʾ* *YHWH* to *ləḇaddeḵā*, *ʾattâ* *ʿāśîtā* *ʾet*-the *šāmayim* *šəmê* the *šāmayim* and all-*ṣəḇāʾām*, the *ʾāreṣ* and all-that upon it, the *yammîm* and all-that in them, and *ʾattâ* *məḥayyeh* *ʾet*-all of them, and *ṣəḇāʾ* the *šāmayim* to you *mištaḥăwîm*.", "grammar": { "*ʾattâ*": "personal pronoun 2nd person masculine singular - you", "*hûʾ*": "personal pronoun 3rd person masculine singular - he/that", "*YHWH*": "divine name - Yahweh/LORD", "*ləḇaddeḵā*": "masculine singular with 2nd person masculine singular suffix - your solitary state/alone", "*ʿāśîtā*": "qal perfect 2nd person masculine singular - you made/did", "*šāmayim*": "masculine plural - heavens", "*šəmê*": "masculine plural construct - heavens of", "*ṣəḇāʾām*": "masculine singular with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - their host/army", "*ʾāreṣ*": "feminine singular - earth/land", "*yammîm*": "masculine plural - seas", "*məḥayyeh*": "piel participle masculine singular - giving life/preserving", "*mištaḥăwîm*": "hitpael participle masculine plural - bowing down/worshiping" }, "variants": { "*hûʾ*": "he/that/the same", "*ləḇaddeḵā*": "you alone/by yourself/only you", "*ʿāśîtā*": "you made/created/fashioned", "*šāmayim*": "heavens/sky", "*šəmê*": "heavens of/skies of/highest heavens", "*ṣəḇāʾām*": "their host/army/multitude", "*ʾāreṣ*": "earth/land/ground", "*yammîm*": "seas/oceans", "*məḥayyeh*": "giving life/preserving/sustaining", "*mištaḥăwîm*": "bowing down/worshiping/prostrating" } }
  • Job 12:9 : 9 { "verseID": "Job.12.9", "source": "מִ֭י לֹא־יָדַ֣ע בְּכָל־אֵ֑לֶּה כִּ֥י יַד־יְ֝הוָה עָ֣שְׂתָה זֹּֽאת׃", "text": "*mî* *lōʾ-yādaʿ* *bə-kāl-ʾēlleh* *kî* *yad-YHWH* *ʿāśtâ* *zōʾt*", "grammar": { "*mî*": "interrogative pronoun - who", "*lōʾ-yādaʿ*": "negative particle + qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - has not known", "*bə-kāl-ʾēlleh*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular construct + demonstrative pronoun, plural - in all these", "*kî*": "conjunction - that", "*yad-YHWH*": "noun, feminine singular construct + divine name - hand of YHWH/LORD", "*ʿāśtâ*": "qal perfect, 3rd feminine singular - has done/made", "*zōʾt*": "demonstrative pronoun, feminine singular - this" }, "variants": { "*yādaʿ*": "knew/understood/perceived", "*kāl*": "all/every/whole", "*ʾēlleh*": "these (things)", "*yad*": "hand/power/agency", "*YHWH*": "Yahweh/LORD (divine name)", "*ʿāśtâ*": "has done/made/accomplished", "*zōʾt*": "this (thing)" } }
  • Ps 33:9 : 9 { "verseID": "Psalms.33.9", "source": "כִּ֤י ה֣וּא אָמַ֣ר וַיֶּ֑הִי הֽוּא־צִ֝וָּ֗ה וֽ͏ַיַּעֲמֹֽד׃", "text": "For *hû'* *ʾāmar* and-*yehi* *hû'*-*ṣiwwāh* and-*yaʿămōd*", "grammar": { "*kî*": "conjunction - for/because", "*hû'*": "3rd person masculine singular pronoun - he", "*ʾāmar*": "qal perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - said/spoke", "*wa-yehi*": "qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular with consecutive waw - and it was/became", "*hû'*": "3rd person masculine singular pronoun - he", "*ṣiwwāh*": "piel perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - commanded", "*wa-yaʿămōd*": "qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular with consecutive waw - and it stood" }, "variants": { "*ʾāmar*": "said/spoke/commanded", "*yehi*": "it was/it came to be/it happened", "*ṣiwwāh*": "commanded/ordered/appointed", "*yaʿămōd*": "it stood/it stood firm/it was established" } }
  • Ps 89:11-13 : 11 { "verseID": "Psalms.89.11", "source": "אַתָּה דִכִּאתָ כֶחָלָל רָהַב בִּזְרוֹעַ עֻזְּךָ פִּזַּרְתָּ אוֹיְבֶיךָ", "text": "*ʾAttâ* *dikkiʾtā* like-*ḥālāl* *Rāhab*; with-*zᵉrôaʿ* *ʿuzzᵉkā* *pizzartā* *ʾôyᵉbeykā*", "grammar": { "*ʾAttâ*": "pronoun, 2nd person masculine singular - you", "*dikkiʾtā*": "verb, piel perfect 2nd person masculine singular - you crushed", "*ke-ḥālāl*": "preposition + noun - like the slain", "*Rāhab*": "proper noun - Rahab [mythological sea monster]", "*bi-zᵉrôaʿ*": "preposition + noun construct - with arm of", "*ʿuzzᵉkā*": "noun + 2nd person masculine singular suffix - your strength", "*pizzartā*": "verb, piel perfect 2nd person masculine singular - you scattered", "*ʾôyᵉbeykā*": "noun + 2nd person masculine singular suffix - your enemies" }, "variants": { "*dikkiʾtā*": "you crushed/broke in pieces", "*ḥālāl*": "slain/pierced/wounded", "*Rāhab*": "mythological sea monster/Egypt (metaphorically)", "*zᵉrôaʿ*": "arm/strength/power", "*ʿuzzᵉkā*": "your strength/might/power", "*pizzartā*": "you scattered/dispersed" } } 12 { "verseID": "Psalms.89.12", "source": "לְךָ שָׁמַיִם אַף־לְךָ אָרֶץ תֵּבֵל וּמְלֹאָהּ אַתָּה יְסַדְתָּם", "text": "To-*lᵉkā* *šāmayim* also-to-*lᵉkā* *ʾāreṣ*; *tēbēl* and-*mᵉlōʾāh* *ʾattâ* *yᵉsadtām*", "grammar": { "*lᵉkā*": "preposition + 2nd person masculine singular suffix - to you/yours", "*šāmayim*": "noun, masculine dual/plural - heavens", "*ʾap-lᵉkā*": "conjunction + preposition + 2nd person masculine singular suffix - also to you/yours", "*ʾāreṣ*": "noun, feminine singular - earth/land", "*tēbēl*": "noun, feminine singular - world/inhabited earth", "*û-mᵉlōʾāh*": "conjunction + noun + 3rd person feminine singular suffix - and its fullness", "*ʾattâ*": "pronoun, 2nd person masculine singular - you", "*yᵉsadtām*": "verb, qal perfect 2nd person masculine singular + 3rd person masculine plural suffix - you founded them" }, "variants": { "*šāmayim*": "heavens/sky", "*ʾāreṣ*": "earth/land/ground", "*tēbēl*": "world/inhabited part of earth", "*mᵉlōʾāh*": "its fullness/that which fills it", "*yᵉsadtām*": "you founded them/established them" } } 13 { "verseID": "Psalms.89.13", "source": "צָפוֹן וְיָמִין אַתָּה בְרָאתָם תָּבוֹר וְחֶרְמוֹן בְּשִׁמְךָ יְרַנֵּנוּ", "text": "*Ṣāpôn* and-*yāmîn* *ʾattâ* *bᵉrāʾtām*; *Tābôr* and-*Ḥermôn* in-*šimkā* *yᵉrannēnû*", "grammar": { "*Ṣāpôn*": "noun, masculine singular - north", "*wᵉ-yāmîn*": "conjunction + noun, feminine singular - and south [lit. right hand]", "*ʾattâ*": "pronoun, 2nd person masculine singular - you", "*bᵉrāʾtām*": "verb, qal perfect 2nd person masculine singular + 3rd person masculine plural suffix - you created them", "*Tābôr*": "proper noun - Mount Tabor", "*wᵉ-Ḥermôn*": "conjunction + proper noun - and Mount Hermon", "*bᵉ-šimkā*": "preposition + noun + 2nd person masculine singular suffix - in your name", "*yᵉrannēnû*": "verb, piel imperfect 3rd person masculine plural - they rejoice" }, "variants": { "*Ṣāpôn*": "north/northern regions", "*yāmîn*": "south/right hand [directional]", "*bᵉrāʾtām*": "you created them/formed them", "*Tābôr*": "mountain in lower Galilee", "*Ḥermôn*": "mountain on northern border", "*šimkā*": "your name/reputation/character", "*yᵉrannēnû*": "they rejoice/sing for joy" } }
  • Ps 104:2 : 2 { "verseID": "Psalms.104.2", "source": "עֹֽטֶה־א֭וֹר כַּשַּׂלְמָ֑ה נוֹטֶ֥ה שָׁ֝מַ֗יִם כַּיְרִיעָֽה׃", "text": "*ʿōṭeh*-*ʾôr* *kaśśalmāh* *nôṭeh* *shāmayim* *kayĕrîʿāh*", "grammar": { "*ʿōṭeh*": "participle, qal active, masculine singular - covering, wrapping", "*ʾôr*": "noun, masculine singular - light", "*kaśśalmāh*": "preposition *kě* + definite article + noun, feminine singular - like the garment/cloak", "*nôṭeh*": "participle, qal active, masculine singular - stretching out, spreading", "*shāmayim*": "noun, masculine plural - heavens, sky", "*kayĕrîʿāh*": "preposition *kě* + noun, feminine singular - like a curtain/tent-cloth" }, "variants": { "*ʿōṭeh*": "covering, wrapping, enveloping", "*ʾôr*": "light, illumination, daylight, sunlight", "*śalmāh*": "garment, cloak, mantle", "*nôṭeh*": "stretching out, extending, spreading", "*shāmayim*": "heavens, sky, firmament", "*yĕrîʿāh*": "curtain, tent-cloth, hanging" } }
  • Ps 136:5-8 : 5 { "verseID": "Psalms.136.5", "source": "לְעֹשֵׂ֣ה הַ֭שָּׁמַיִם בִּתְבוּנָ֑ה כִּ֖י לְעוֹלָ֣ם חַסְדּֽוֹ", "text": "to-*ʿōśēh* the-*šāmayim* in-*təbûnāh* because to-*ʿôlām* *ḥasdô*", "grammar": { "*ʿōśēh*": "participle, masculine singular with prefixed preposition lamed - to/for the one making", "*šāmayim*": "noun, masculine dual with definite article - the heavens", "*təbûnāh*": "noun, feminine singular with prefixed preposition bet - in/with understanding", "*ʿôlām*": "noun, masculine singular with prefixed preposition lamed - to/for eternity/forever", "*ḥasdô*": "noun, masculine singular with 3rd person masculine singular possessive suffix - his steadfast love/mercy/kindness" }, "variants": { "*ʿōśēh*": "making/creating/fashioning", "*šāmayim*": "heavens/sky", "*təbûnāh*": "understanding/intelligence/insight/skill", "*ʿôlām*": "eternity/long duration/antiquity", "*ḥasdô*": "his steadfast love/mercy/kindness/covenant faithfulness" } } 6 { "verseID": "Psalms.136.6", "source": "לְרֹקַ֣ע הָ֭אָרֶץ עַל־הַמָּ֑יִם כִּ֖י לְעוֹלָ֣ם חַסְדּֽוֹ", "text": "to-*rōqaʿ* the-*ʾāreṣ* upon-the-*māyim* because to-*ʿôlām* *ḥasdô*", "grammar": { "*rōqaʿ*": "participle, masculine singular with prefixed preposition lamed - to/for the one spreading out/stretching", "*ʾāreṣ*": "noun, feminine singular with definite article - the earth/land", "*māyim*": "noun, masculine plural with definite article and prefixed preposition ʿal - upon the waters", "*ʿôlām*": "noun, masculine singular with prefixed preposition lamed - to/for eternity/forever", "*ḥasdô*": "noun, masculine singular with 3rd person masculine singular possessive suffix - his steadfast love/mercy/kindness" }, "variants": { "*rōqaʿ*": "spreading out/stretching/extending/stamping", "*ʾāreṣ*": "earth/land/ground", "*māyim*": "waters/water", "*ʿôlām*": "eternity/long duration/antiquity", "*ḥasdô*": "his steadfast love/mercy/kindness/covenant faithfulness" } } 7 { "verseID": "Psalms.136.7", "source": "לְ֭עֹשֵׂה אוֹרִ֣ים גְּדֹלִ֑ים כִּ֖י לְעוֹלָ֣ם חַסְדּֽוֹ", "text": "to-*ʿōśēh* *ʾôrîm* *gədōlîm* because to-*ʿôlām* *ḥasdô*", "grammar": { "*ʿōśēh*": "participle, masculine singular with prefixed preposition lamed - to/for the one making", "*ʾôrîm*": "noun, masculine plural - lights", "*gədōlîm*": "adjective, masculine plural - great/large", "*ʿôlām*": "noun, masculine singular with prefixed preposition lamed - to/for eternity/forever", "*ḥasdô*": "noun, masculine singular with 3rd person masculine singular possessive suffix - his steadfast love/mercy/kindness" }, "variants": { "*ʿōśēh*": "making/creating/fashioning", "*ʾôrîm*": "lights/luminaries", "*gədōlîm*": "great/large/mighty", "*ʿôlām*": "eternity/long duration/antiquity", "*ḥasdô*": "his steadfast love/mercy/kindness/covenant faithfulness" } } 8 { "verseID": "Psalms.136.8", "source": "אֶת־הַ֭שֶּׁמֶשׁ לְמֶמְשֶׁ֣לֶת בַּיּ֑וֹם כִּ֖י לְעוֹלָ֣ם חַסְדּֽוֹ", "text": "*ʾet*-the-*šemeš* to-*memšelet* in-the-*yôm* because to-*ʿôlām* *ḥasdô*", "grammar": { "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*šemeš*": "noun, feminine singular with definite article - the sun", "*memšelet*": "noun, feminine singular with prefixed preposition lamed - to/for dominion/rule", "*yôm*": "noun, masculine singular with definite article and prefixed preposition bet - in the day", "*ʿôlām*": "noun, masculine singular with prefixed preposition lamed - to/for eternity/forever", "*ḥasdô*": "noun, masculine singular with 3rd person masculine singular possessive suffix - his steadfast love/mercy/kindness" }, "variants": { "*šemeš*": "sun", "*memšelet*": "dominion/rule/authority", "*yôm*": "day/daytime", "*ʿôlām*": "eternity/long duration/antiquity", "*ḥasdô*": "his steadfast love/mercy/kindness/covenant faithfulness" } }
  • Ps 146:6 : 6 { "verseID": "Psalms.146.6", "source": "עֹשֶׂ֤ה ׀ שָׁ֘מַ֤יִם וָאָ֗רֶץ אֶת־הַיָּ֥ם וְאֶת־כָּל־אֲשֶׁר־בָּ֑ם הַשֹּׁמֵ֖ר אֱמֶ֣ת לְעוֹלָֽם׃", "text": "*ʿoseh* *shamayim* *wa-ʾarets* *ʾet*-*ha-yam* *we-ʾet*-*kol*-*ʾasher*-*bam* *ha-shomer* *ʾemet* *le-ʿolam*", "grammar": { "*ʿoseh*": "qal participle, masculine, singular - making/maker of", "*shamayim*": "noun, masculine, plural - heavens", "*wa-ʾarets*": "conjunction + noun, feminine, singular - and earth", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*ha-yam*": "definite article + noun, masculine, singular - the sea", "*we-ʾet*": "conjunction + direct object marker", "*kol*": "noun, masculine, singular construct - all of", "*ʾasher*": "relative pronoun - that/which", "*bam*": "preposition + 3rd person masculine plural suffix - in them", "*ha-shomer*": "definite article + qal participle, masculine, singular - the one keeping", "*ʾemet*": "noun, feminine, singular - truth/faithfulness", "*le-ʿolam*": "preposition + noun, masculine, singular - forever/for eternity" }, "variants": { "*ʿoseh*": "maker of/who makes", "*ʾemet*": "truth/faithfulness/fidelity", "*le-ʿolam*": "forever/for eternity/perpetually" } }
  • Isa 34:4 : 4 { "verseID": "Isaiah.34.4", "source": "וְנָמַ֙קּוּ֙ כָּל־צְבָ֣א הַשָּׁמַ֔יִם וְנָגֹ֥לּוּ כַסֵּ֖פֶר הַשָּׁמָ֑יִם וְכָל־צְבָאָ֣ם יִבּ֔וֹל כִּנְבֹ֤ל עָלֶה֙ מִגֶּ֔פֶן וּכְנֹבֶ֖לֶת מִתְּאֵנָֽה׃", "text": "*wĕnāmaqqû* *kāl*-*ṣĕbāʾ* *haššāmayim* *wĕnāgōllû* *kassēper* *haššāmāyim* *wĕkāl*-*ṣĕbāʾām* *yibbôl* *kinbōl* *ʿāleh* *miggepen* *ûkĕnōbelet* *mittĕʾēnâ*", "grammar": { "*wĕnāmaqqû*": "conjunction + niphal perfect, 3rd common plural - and they will rot/dissolve", "*kāl*": "construct form - all of", "*ṣĕbāʾ*": "masculine singular construct noun - host of", "*haššāmayim*": "definite article + masculine dual noun - the heavens", "*wĕnāgōllû*": "conjunction + niphal perfect, 3rd common plural - and they will be rolled up", "*kassēper*": "preposition + definite article + masculine singular noun - like the scroll/book", "*haššāmāyim*": "definite article + masculine dual noun - the heavens", "*wĕkāl*": "conjunction + construct form - and all of", "*ṣĕbāʾām*": "masculine singular noun + 3rd masculine plural suffix - their host", "*yibbôl*": "qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - will wither/fade", "*kinbōl*": "preposition + infinitive construct - like the withering of", "*ʿāleh*": "masculine singular noun - leaf", "*miggepen*": "preposition + definite article + feminine singular noun - from the vine", "*ûkĕnōbelet*": "conjunction + preposition + feminine singular noun - and like the falling/fading", "*mittĕʾēnâ*": "preposition + definite article + feminine singular noun - from the fig tree" }, "variants": { "*nāmaqqû*": "will rot/will dissolve/will decay/will waste away", "*ṣĕbāʾ*": "host/army/multitude", "*haššāmayim*": "the heavens/the sky", "*nāgōllû*": "will be rolled up/will be rolled together/will be rolled away", "*kassēper*": "like the scroll/like the book/as a scroll", "*ṣĕbāʾām*": "their host/their army/their multitude", "*yibbôl*": "will wither/will fade/will fall/will decay", "*kinbōl*": "like the withering of/as the falling of/as the fading of", "*ʿāleh*": "leaf/foliage", "*miggepen*": "from the vine/from the grapevine", "*nōbelet*": "falling/fading/withering", "*mittĕʾēnâ*": "from the fig tree" } }
  • Isa 40:26-28 : 26 { "verseID": "Isaiah.40.26", "source": "שְׂאוּ־מָר֨וֹם עֵינֵיכֶ֤ם וּרְאוּ֙ מִי־בָרָ֣א אֵ֔לֶּה הַמּוֹצִ֥יא בְמִסְפָּ֖ר צְבָאָ֑ם לְכֻלָּם֙ בְּשֵׁ֣ם יִקְרָ֔א מֵרֹ֤ב אוֹנִים֙ וְאַמִּ֣יץ כֹּ֔חַ אִ֖ישׁ לֹ֥א נֶעְדָּֽר׃ ס", "text": "*śěʾû-mārôm ʿênêkem ûrěʾû mî-bārāʾ ʾēlleh hammôṣîʾ běmispār ṣěbāʾām lěkullām běšēm yiqrāʾ mērōb ʾônîm wěʾammîṣ kōaḥ ʾîš lōʾ neʿdār*", "grammar": { "*śěʾû*": "qal imperative, 2nd person masculine plural - 'lift up'", "*mārôm*": "adverb - 'on high'", "*ʿênêkem*": "noun, feminine dual with 2nd person masculine plural suffix - 'your eyes'", "*ûrěʾû*": "conjunction + qal imperative, 2nd person masculine plural - 'and see'", "*mî-bārāʾ*": "interrogative pronoun + qal perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - 'who created'", "*ʾēlleh*": "demonstrative pronoun, common plural - 'these'", "*hammôṣîʾ*": "definite article + hiphil participle, masculine singular - 'the one who brings out'", "*běmispār*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular - 'by number'", "*ṣěbāʾām*": "noun, masculine singular with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - 'their host'", "*lěkullām*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - 'to all of them'", "*běšēm*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular - 'by name'", "*yiqrāʾ*": "qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - 'he calls'", "*mērōb*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular construct - 'because of greatness of'", "*ʾônîm*": "noun, masculine plural - 'strength'", "*wěʾammîṣ*": "conjunction + adjective, masculine singular construct - 'and mighty of'", "*kōaḥ*": "noun, masculine singular - 'power'", "*ʾîš*": "noun, masculine singular - 'man/one'", "*lōʾ*": "negative particle - 'not'", "*neʿdār*": "niphal perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - 'is missing'" }, "variants": { "*śěʾû-mārôm*": "lift up on high/raise your eyes upward", "*mî-bārāʾ*": "who created/who has created", "*hammôṣîʾ běmispār ṣěbāʾām*": "who brings out their host by number/who leads out their army by count", "*běšēm yiqrāʾ*": "calls by name/summons by name", "*mērōb ʾônîm wěʾammîṣ kōaḥ*": "because of great strength and mighty power", "*ʾîš lōʾ neʿdār*": "not one is missing/not one fails" } } 27 { "verseID": "Isaiah.40.27", "source": "לָ֤מָּה תֹאמַר֙ יַֽעֲקֹ֔ב וּתְדַבֵּ֖ר יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל נִסְתְּרָ֤ה דַרְכִּי֙ מֵֽיְהוָ֔ה וּמֵאֱלֹהַ֖י מִשְׁפָּטִ֥י יַעֲבֽוֹר׃", "text": "*lāmmāh tōʾmar yaʿăqōb ûtědabbēr yiśrāʾēl nistěrāh darkî mêYHWH ûmēʾĕlōhay mišpāṭî yaʿăbôr*", "grammar": { "*lāmmāh*": "interrogative adverb - 'why'", "*tōʾmar*": "qal imperfect, 2nd person masculine singular - 'do you say'", "*yaʿăqōb*": "proper noun - 'Jacob'", "*ûtědabbēr*": "conjunction + piel imperfect, 2nd person masculine singular - 'and speak'", "*yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - 'Israel'", "*nistěrāh*": "niphal perfect, 3rd person feminine singular - 'is hidden'", "*darkî*": "noun, feminine singular with 1st person singular suffix - 'my way'", "*mêYHWH*": "preposition + divine name - 'from the LORD'", "*ûmēʾĕlōhay*": "conjunction + preposition + noun, masculine plural with 1st person singular suffix - 'and from my God'", "*mišpāṭî*": "noun, masculine singular with 1st person singular suffix - 'my justice'", "*yaʿăbôr*": "qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - 'passes by'" }, "variants": { "*lāmmāh tōʾmar*": "why do you say/why would you say", "*ûtědabbēr*": "and speak/and declare", "*nistěrāh darkî*": "my way is hidden/my path is concealed", "*mišpāṭî yaʿăbôr*": "my justice passes by/my right is disregarded/my cause is ignored" } } 28 { "verseID": "Isaiah.40.28", "source": "הֲל֨וֹא יָדַ֜עְתָּ אִם־לֹ֣א שָׁמַ֗עְתָּ אֱלֹהֵ֨י עוֹלָ֤ם ׀ יְהוָה֙ בּוֹרֵא֙ קְצ֣וֹת הָאָ֔רֶץ לֹ֥א יִיעַ֖ף וְלֹ֣א יִיגָ֑ע אֵ֥ין חֵ֖קֶר לִתְבוּנָתֽוֹ׃", "text": "*hălôʾ yādaʿtā ʾim-lōʾ šāmaʿtā ʾĕlōhê ʿôlām YHWH bôrēʾ qěṣôt hāʾāreṣ lōʾ yîʿap wělōʾ yîgāʿ ʾên ḥēqer litbûnātô*", "grammar": { "*hălôʾ*": "interrogative particle + negative particle - 'have you not'", "*yādaʿtā*": "qal perfect, 2nd person masculine singular - 'known'", "*ʾim-lōʾ*": "conjunction + negative particle - 'if not'", "*šāmaʿtā*": "qal perfect, 2nd person masculine singular - 'heard'", "*ʾĕlōhê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - 'God of'", "*ʿôlām*": "noun, masculine singular - 'eternity'", "*YHWH*": "divine name - 'LORD'", "*bôrēʾ*": "qal participle, masculine singular construct - 'Creator of'", "*qěṣôt*": "noun, feminine plural construct - 'ends of'", "*hāʾāreṣ*": "definite article + noun, feminine singular - 'the earth'", "*lōʾ*": "negative particle - 'not'", "*yîʿap*": "qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - 'faints'", "*wělōʾ*": "conjunction + negative particle - 'and not'", "*yîgāʿ*": "qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - 'grows weary'", "*ʾên*": "negative particle - 'there is no'", "*ḥēqer*": "noun, masculine singular - 'searching out'", "*litbûnātô*": "preposition + noun, feminine singular with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - 'for his understanding'" }, "variants": { "*ʾĕlōhê ʿôlām*": "everlasting God/eternal God", "*bôrēʾ qěṣôt hāʾāreṣ*": "Creator of the ends of the earth/Maker of the earth's farthest bounds", "*lōʾ yîʿap wělōʾ yîgāʿ*": "does not faint or grow weary/never tires or becomes exhausted", "*ʾên ḥēqer litbûnātô*": "there is no searching of his understanding/his understanding is unsearchable" } }
  • Isa 42:5 : 5 { "verseID": "Isaiah.42.5", "source": "כֹּֽה־אָמַ֞ר הָאֵ֣ל ׀ יְהוָ֗ה בּוֹרֵ֤א הַשָּׁמַ֙יִם֙ וְנ֣וֹטֵיהֶ֔ם רֹקַ֥ע הָאָ֖רֶץ וְצֶאֱצָאֶ֑יהָ נֹתֵ֤ן נְשָׁמָה֙ לָעָ֣ם עָלֶ֔יהָ וְר֖וּחַ לַהֹלְכִ֥ים בָּֽהּ׃", "text": "*kōh*-*ʾāmar* *hāʾēl* *YHWH* *bôrēʾ* *haššāmayim* *wənôṭêhem* *rōqaʿ* *hāʾāreṣ* *wəṣeʾĕṣāʾêhā* *nōṯēn* *nəšāmāh* *lāʿām* *ʿālêhā* *wərûaḥ* *lahōləḵîm* *bāh*", "grammar": { "*kōh*": "adverb - thus/so", "*ʾāmar*": "3rd person masculine singular qal perfect verb - he says/said", "*hāʾēl*": "definite article + noun, masculine singular - the God", "*YHWH*": "divine name - Yahweh/LORD", "*bôrēʾ*": "qal participle, masculine singular construct - creator of/creating", "*haššāmayim*": "definite article + noun, masculine plural - the heavens", "*wənôṭêhem*": "conjunction + qal participle, masculine singular construct + 3rd person masculine plural suffix - and who stretches them out", "*rōqaʿ*": "qal participle, masculine singular construct - spreader/spreads out", "*hāʾāreṣ*": "definite article + noun, feminine singular - the earth", "*wəṣeʾĕṣāʾêhā*": "conjunction + noun, masculine plural construct + 3rd person feminine singular suffix - and its offspring/productions", "*nōṯēn*": "qal participle, masculine singular construct - giver of/giving", "*nəšāmāh*": "noun, feminine singular - breath", "*lāʿām*": "preposition + definite article + noun, masculine singular - to the people", "*ʿālêhā*": "preposition + 3rd person feminine singular suffix - upon it", "*wərûaḥ*": "conjunction + noun, feminine singular - and spirit", "*lahōləḵîm*": "preposition + qal participle, masculine plural - to those who walk", "*bāh*": "preposition + 3rd person feminine singular suffix - in it" }, "variants": { "*kōh*": "thus/so/in this manner", "*ʾāmar*": "says/said/declares", "*ʾēl*": "God/deity/mighty one", "*bôrēʾ*": "creator of/one who creates/creating", "*nôṭêhem*": "who stretches them out/who extends them/who spreads them", "*rōqaʿ*": "who spreads out/who hammers out/who expands", "*ṣeʾĕṣāʾêhā*": "its offspring/its produce/its products/its growth", "*nəšāmāh*": "breath/spirit/life", "*rûaḥ*": "spirit/breath/wind", "*hōləḵîm*": "those who walk/those who go/those who live" } }
  • Isa 45:12 : 12 { "verseID": "Isaiah.45.12", "source": "אָֽנֹכִי֙ עָשִׂ֣יתִי אֶ֔רֶץ וְאָדָ֖ם עָלֶ֣יהָ בָרָ֑אתִי אֲנִ֗י יָדַי֙ נָט֣וּ שָׁמַ֔יִם וְכָל־צְבָאָ֖ם צִוֵּֽיתִי", "text": "*ʾānōkî* *ʿāśîtî* *ʾereṣ* and-*ʾādām* upon-her *bārāʾtî* *ʾănî* my-*yāday* *nāṭû* *šāmayim* and-all-*ṣĕbāʾām* *ṣiwwêtî*", "grammar": { "*ʾānōkî*": "1st person singular pronoun - I", "*ʿāśîtî*": "qal perfect, 1st person singular - I made", "*ʾereṣ*": "feminine singular noun - earth/land", "*ʾādām*": "masculine singular noun - mankind/humans", "*bārāʾtî*": "qal perfect, 1st person singular - I created", "*ʾănî*": "1st person singular pronoun - I", "*yāday*": "feminine dual noun with 1st person suffix - my hands", "*nāṭû*": "qal perfect, 3rd common plural - they stretched out", "*šāmayim*": "masculine plural noun - heavens/sky", "*ṣĕbāʾām*": "masculine singular noun with 3rd person plural suffix - their host", "*ṣiwwêtî*": "piel perfect, 1st person singular - I commanded" }, "variants": { "*ʿāśîtî*": "I made/I created/I formed", "*ʾereṣ*": "earth/land/world/ground", "*ʾādām*": "mankind/humans/humanity/man", "*bārāʾtî*": "I created/I formed/I made", "*nāṭû*": "they stretched out/they spread out/they extended", "*ṣĕbāʾām*": "their host/their army/their multitude", "*ṣiwwêtî*": "I commanded/I ordered/I appointed" } }
  • Isa 45:18 : 18 { "verseID": "Isaiah.45.18", "source": "כִּ֣י כֹ֣ה אָֽמַר־יְ֠הוָה בּוֹרֵ֨א הַשָּׁמַ֜יִם ה֣וּא הָאֱלֹהִ֗ים יֹצֵ֨ר הָאָ֤רֶץ וְעֹשָׂהּ֙ ה֣וּא כֽוֹנְנָ֔הּ לֹא־תֹ֥הוּ בְרָאָ֖הּ לָשֶׁ֣בֶת יְצָרָ֑הּ אֲנִ֥י יְהוָ֖ה וְאֵ֥ין עֽוֹד", "text": "For thus *ʾāmar*-*YHWH* *bôrēʾ* the-*šāmayim* he the-*ʾĕlōhîm* *yōṣēr* the-*ʾāreṣ* and-*ʿōśāh* he *kônĕnāh* not-*tōhû* *bĕrāʾāh* for-*šebet* *yĕṣārāh* *ʾănî* *YHWH* and-*ʾên* *ʿôd*", "grammar": { "*ʾāmar*": "qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - he said/spoke", "*bôrēʾ*": "qal participle, masculine singular - creator of", "*šāmayim*": "masculine plural noun with definite article - the heavens/sky", "*ʾĕlōhîm*": "masculine plural noun with definite article - the God/gods", "*yōṣēr*": "qal participle, masculine singular - former of", "*ʾāreṣ*": "feminine singular noun with definite article - the earth/land", "*ʿōśāh*": "qal participle, masculine singular with 3rd person feminine suffix - who made it", "*kônĕnāh*": "polel perfect, 3rd masculine singular with 3rd person feminine suffix - he established it", "*tōhû*": "masculine singular noun - emptiness/waste/chaos", "*bĕrāʾāh*": "qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular with 3rd person feminine suffix - he created it", "*šebet*": "qal infinitive construct - to be inhabited", "*yĕṣārāh*": "qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular with 3rd person feminine suffix - he formed it", "*ʾănî*": "1st person singular pronoun - I", "*ʾên*": "particle of negation - there is not/there is no", "*ʿôd*": "adverb - still/yet/besides" }, "variants": { "*bôrēʾ*": "creator of/who creates/maker of", "*yōṣēr*": "former of/who forms/fashioner of", "*ʿōśāh*": "who made it/its maker/who produced it", "*kônĕnāh*": "he established it/he fixed it/he prepared it", "*tōhû*": "emptiness/waste/chaos/formlessness", "*bĕrāʾāh*": "he created it/he formed it/he made it", "*šebet*": "to be inhabited/to be lived in/for habitation", "*yĕṣārāh*": "he formed it/he fashioned it/he shaped it" } }
  • Isa 48:13 : 13 { "verseID": "Isaiah.48.13", "source": "אַף־יָדִי֙ יָ֣סְדָה אֶ֔רֶץ וִֽימִינִ֖י טִפְּחָ֣ה שָׁמָ֑יִם קֹרֵ֥א אֲנִ֛י אֲלֵיהֶ֖ם יַעַמְד֥וּ יַחְדָּֽו׃", "text": "Also *yādî* *yāsdāh* *ʾereṣ* and *yemînî* *ṭippeḥāh* *shāmāyim* *qōrēʾ* *ʾănî* to them *yaʿamdû* *yaḥdāw*", "grammar": { "*yādî*": "feminine singular + 1st person singular suffix - my hand", "*yāsdāh*": "qal perfect 3rd person feminine singular - she founded/established", "*ʾereṣ*": "feminine singular - earth/land", "*yemînî*": "feminine singular + 1st person singular suffix - my right hand", "*ṭippeḥāh*": "piel perfect 3rd person feminine singular - she spread out/stretched", "*shāmāyim*": "masculine plural - heavens/sky", "*qōrēʾ*": "qal participle masculine singular - calling", "*ʾănî*": "1st person singular pronoun - I", "*yaʿamdû*": "qal imperfect 3rd person masculine plural - they will stand", "*yaḥdāw*": "adverb - together" }, "variants": { "*yādî*": "my hand/my power", "*yāsdāh*": "founded/established/laid the foundation of", "*ʾereṣ*": "earth/land/ground", "*yemînî*": "my right hand/my right side/my strength", "*ṭippeḥāh*": "spread out/stretched/measured by spans", "*shāmāyim*": "heavens/sky/firmament", "*qōrēʾ*": "calling/summoning/proclaiming", "*yaʿamdû*": "they stand/they will stand/they present themselves", "*yaḥdāw*": "together/all at once/in unity" } }
  • Isa 55:9 : 9 { "verseID": "Isaiah.55.9", "source": "כִּי־גָבְהוּ שָׁמַיִם מֵאָרֶץ כֵּן גָּבְהוּ דְרָכַי מִדַּרְכֵיכֶם וּמַחְשְׁבֹתַי מִמַּחְשְׁבֹתֵיכֶם", "text": "Because-*ḡāḇĕhû* *šāmayim* from-*ʾāreṣ* so *ḡāḇĕhû* *ḏĕrāḵay* from-*darḵêḵem* and-*maḥšĕḇōṯay* from-*maḥšĕḇōṯêḵem*", "grammar": { "*ḡāḇĕhû*": "verb, qal perfect, 3rd person common plural - they are higher", "*šāmayim*": "noun, masculine plural - heavens", "*ʾāreṣ*": "noun, feminine singular - earth/land", "*ḡāḇĕhû*": "verb, qal perfect, 3rd person common plural - they are higher", "*ḏĕrāḵay*": "noun, feminine plural construct with 1st person common singular suffix - my ways", "*darḵêḵem*": "noun, feminine plural construct with 2nd person masculine plural suffix - your ways", "*maḥšĕḇōṯay*": "noun, feminine plural construct with 1st person common singular suffix - my thoughts", "*maḥšĕḇōṯêḵem*": "noun, feminine plural construct with 2nd person masculine plural suffix - your thoughts" }, "variants": { "*ḡāḇĕhû*": "they are higher/loftier/exalted", "*šāmayim*": "heavens/sky", "*ʾāreṣ*": "earth/land/ground", "*ḏĕrāḵay*": "my ways/paths/courses", "*darḵêḵem*": "your ways/paths/courses", "*maḥšĕḇōṯay*": "my thoughts/plans/intentions", "*maḥšĕḇōṯêḵem*": "your thoughts/plans/intentions" } }
  • Isa 65:17 : 17 { "verseID": "Isaiah.65.17", "source": "כִּֽי־הִנְנִ֥י בוֹרֵ֛א שָׁמַ֥יִם חֲדָשִׁ֖ים וָאָ֣רֶץ חֲדָשָׁ֑ה וְלֹ֤א תִזָּכַ֙רְנָה֙ הָרִ֣אשֹׁנ֔וֹת וְלֹ֥א תַעֲלֶ֖ינָה עַל־לֵֽב׃", "text": "for-*hineni* *boreʾ* *shamayim* *hadashim* and-*ʾarets* *hadashah* and-not *tizzakharnah* the-*rishonut* and-not *taʿaleynah* on-*lev*", "grammar": { "*hineni*": "interjection with 1st person singular suffix - behold me", "*boreʾ*": "Qal participle, masculine singular - creating", "*shamayim*": "masculine plural noun - heavens", "*hadashim*": "masculine plural adjective - new", "*ʾarets*": "feminine singular noun - earth/land", "*hadashah*": "feminine singular adjective - new", "*tizzakharnah*": "Niphal imperfect, 3rd person feminine plural - they will be remembered", "*rishonut*": "feminine plural adjective - former things", "*taʿaleynah*": "Qal imperfect, 3rd person feminine plural - they will come up", "*lev*": "masculine singular noun - heart" }, "variants": { "*hineni*": "behold me/here I am/I am", "*boreʾ*": "creating/making/forming", "*shamayim*": "heavens/skies", "*hadashim*": "new/fresh/renewed", "*ʾarets*": "earth/land/ground", "*hadashah*": "new/fresh/renewed", "*tizzakharnah*": "they will be remembered/they will come to mind/they will be recalled", "*rishonut*": "former things/previous things/earlier things", "*taʿaleynah*": "they will come up/they will arise/they will ascend", "*lev*": "heart/mind/inner being" } }
  • Jer 8:2 : 2 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.8.2", "source": "וּשְׁטָחוּם֩ לַשֶּׁ֨מֶשׁ וְלַיָּרֵ֜חַ וּלְכֹ֣ל ׀ צְבָ֣א הַשָּׁמַ֗יִם אֲשֶׁ֨ר אֲהֵב֜וּם וַאֲשֶׁ֤ר עֲבָדוּם֙ וַֽאֲשֶׁר֙ הָלְכ֣וּ אַֽחֲרֵיהֶ֔ם וַאֲשֶׁ֣ר דְּרָשׁ֔וּם וַאֲשֶׁ֥ר הִֽשְׁתַּחֲו֖וּ לָהֶ֑ם לֹ֤א יֵאָֽסְפוּ֙ וְלֹ֣א יִקָּבֵ֔רוּ לְדֹ֛מֶן עַל־פְּנֵ֥י הָאֲדָמָ֖ה יִֽהְיֽוּ׃", "text": "And-they shall *šᵊṭāḥûm* to-the-*šemeš* and-to-the-*yārēaḥ* and-to-*kōl* *ṣᵊbāʾ* the-*šāmayim* which they *ʾăhēbûm* and-which they *ʿăbādûm* and-which they *hālᵊkû* *ʾaḥărêhem* and-which they *dᵊrāšûm* and-which they *hištaḥăwû* to-them. Not they shall *yēʾāsᵊpû* and-not they shall *yiqqābērû*; for-*dōmen* upon-*pᵊnê* the-*ʾădāmāh* they shall *yihyû*.", "grammar": { "*šᵊṭāḥûm*": "qal perfect 3rd person plural with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - they will spread them out", "*šemeš*": "noun with definite article - the sun", "*yārēaḥ*": "noun with definite article - the moon", "*kōl*": "construct state - all of/entirety of", "*ṣᵊbāʾ*": "construct state - host/army of", "*šāmayim*": "noun with definite article - the heavens/sky", "*ʾăhēbûm*": "qal perfect 3rd person plural with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - they loved them", "*ʿăbādûm*": "qal perfect 3rd person plural with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - they served them", "*hālᵊkû*": "qal perfect 3rd person plural - they walked/went", "*ʾaḥărêhem*": "preposition with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - after them", "*dᵊrāšûm*": "qal perfect 3rd person plural with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - they sought them", "*hištaḥăwû*": "hitpael perfect 3rd person plural - they bowed down/prostrated themselves", "*yēʾāsᵊpû*": "niphal imperfect 3rd person plural - they will be gathered", "*yiqqābērû*": "niphal imperfect 3rd person plural - they will be buried", "*dōmen*": "noun - dung/manure", "*pᵊnê*": "construct plural of *pānîm* - face/surface of", "*ʾădāmāh*": "noun with definite article - the ground/earth/land", "*yihyû*": "qal imperfect 3rd person plural - they will be" }, "variants": { "*šᵊṭāḥûm*": "spread out/scatter/expose", "*šemeš*": "sun/sunlight", "*yārēaḥ*": "moon/month", "*ṣᵊbāʾ*": "host/army/assemblage", "*šāmayim*": "heavens/sky", "*ʾăhēbûm*": "loved/desired/preferred them", "*ʿăbādûm*": "served/worked for/worshipped them", "*hālᵊkû*": "walked/went/followed", "*dᵊrāšûm*": "sought/inquired of/consulted them", "*hištaḥăwû*": "bowed down/prostrated/worshipped", "*dōmen*": "dung/manure/refuse", "*pᵊnê*": "face/surface/presence" } }
  • Jer 10:12 : 12 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.10.12", "source": "עֹשֵׂ֥ה אֶ֙רֶץ֙ בְּכֹח֔וֹ מֵכִ֥ין תֵּבֵ֖ל בְּחָכְמָת֑וֹ וּבִתְבוּנָת֖וֹ נָטָ֥ה שָׁמָֽיִם׃", "text": "*ʿōśēh* *ʾereṣ* by-*kōḥô* *mēḵîn* *tēbēl* by-*ḥoḵmātô* and-by-*tebûnātô* *nāṭāh* *šāmāyim*", "grammar": { "*ʿōśēh*": "qal participle, masculine singular - making", "*ʾereṣ*": "noun, feminine singular - earth/land", "*kōḥô*": "noun, masculine singular + 3rd masculine singular suffix - his power", "*mēḵîn*": "hiphil participle, masculine singular - establishing", "*tēbēl*": "noun, feminine singular - world/habitable world", "*ḥoḵmātô*": "noun, feminine singular + 3rd masculine singular suffix - his wisdom", "*tebûnātô*": "noun, feminine singular + 3rd masculine singular suffix - his understanding", "*nāṭāh*": "qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - he stretched out", "*šāmāyim*": "noun, masculine plural - heavens" }, "variants": { "*ʿōśēh*": "making/doing/creating/producing", "*kōḥô*": "his power/strength/might", "*mēḵîn*": "establishing/setting up/founding/preparing", "*tēbēl*": "world/habitable part/earth", "*nāṭāh*": "stretched out/extended/spread out" } }
  • Jer 10:16 : 16 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.10.16", "source": "לֹֽא־כְאֵ֜לֶּה חֵ֣לֶק יַעֲקֹ֗ב כִּֽי־יוֹצֵ֤ר הַכֹּל֙ ה֔וּא וְיִ֨שְׂרָאֵ֔ל שֵׁ֖בֶט נַֽחֲלָת֑וֹ יְהוָ֥ה צְבָא֖וֹת שְׁמֽוֹ׃", "text": "Not-like-these *ḥēleq* *Yaʿăqōb* *kî*-*yôṣēr* *ha-kōl* *hûʾ* and-*Yiśrāʾēl* *šēbeṭ* *naḥălātô* *YHWH* *ṣəbāʾôt* *šəmô*", "grammar": { "*ḥēleq*": "noun, masculine singular construct - portion of", "*Yaʿăqōb*": "proper noun - Jacob", "*yôṣēr*": "qal participle, masculine singular construct - former of", "*ha-kōl*": "definite article + noun, masculine singular - the all/everything", "*hûʾ*": "pronoun, 3rd masculine singular - he", "*Yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel", "*šēbeṭ*": "noun, masculine singular construct - rod/tribe of", "*naḥălātô*": "noun, feminine singular + 3rd masculine singular suffix - his inheritance", "*ṣəbāʾôt*": "noun, feminine plural construct - hosts/armies of", "*šəmô*": "noun, masculine singular + 3rd masculine singular suffix - his name" }, "variants": { "*ḥēleq*": "portion/share/territory/allotment", "*yôṣēr*": "former/fashioner/maker/creator", "*šēbeṭ*": "rod/staff/tribe/scepter", "*naḥălātô*": "his inheritance/possession/property", "*ṣəbāʾôt*": "hosts/armies/multitudes" } }
  • Zech 12:1 : 1 { "verseID": "Zechariah.12.1", "source": "מַשָּׂ֥א דְבַר־יְהוָ֖ה עַל־יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל נְאֻם־יְהוָ֗ה נֹטֶ֤ה שָׁמַ֙יִם֙ וְיֹסֵ֣ד אָ֔רֶץ וְיֹצֵ֥ר רֽוּחַ־אָדָ֖ם בְּקִרְבּֽוֹ׃", "text": "*Maśśāʾ* *dəḇar*-*YHWH* upon-*Yiśrāʾēl* *nəʾum*-*YHWH* *nōṭeh* *šāmayim* *wə*-*yōsēd* *ʾāreṣ* *wə*-*yōṣēr* *rûaḥ*-*ʾādām* in-*qirbô*", "grammar": { "*Maśśāʾ*": "construct state, masculine singular - burden/oracle/pronouncement", "*dəḇar*": "construct state, masculine singular - word/speech of", "*YHWH*": "proper noun, divine name", "*Yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun, masculine singular", "*nəʾum*": "construct state, masculine singular - declaration/utterance of", "*nōṭeh*": "participle, masculine singular, Qal - stretching out/extending", "*šāmayim*": "masculine plural - heavens/sky", "*wə*": "conjunction - and", "*yōsēd*": "participle, masculine singular, Qal - founding/establishing", "*ʾāreṣ*": "feminine singular - earth/land", "*yōṣēr*": "participle, masculine singular, Qal - forming/shaping", "*rûaḥ*": "feminine singular - spirit/breath/wind", "*ʾādām*": "masculine singular - man/mankind/humanity", "*qirbô*": "masculine singular + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his midst/within him" }, "variants": { "*Maśśāʾ*": "burden/oracle/pronouncement/utterance", "*dəḇar*": "word/message/matter/thing", "*nəʾum*": "declaration/utterance/oracle", "*nōṭeh*": "one who stretches out/extends/spreads out", "*yōsēd*": "one who founds/establishes/lays foundation", "*yōṣēr*": "one who forms/shapes/fashions", "*rûaḥ*": "spirit/breath/wind/life-force", "*qirbô*": "within him/inside him/in his midst" } }
  • Luke 2:13 : 13 { "verseID": "Luke.2.13", "source": "Καὶ ἐξαίφνης ἐγένετο σὺν τῷ ἀγγέλῳ πλῆθος στρατιᾶς οὐρανίου αἰνούντων τὸν Θεὸν, καὶ λεγόντων,", "text": "And *exaiphnēs* *egeneto* with the *angelō* *plēthos* *stratias* *ouraniou* *ainountōn* the *Theon*, and *legontōn*,", "grammar": { "*exaiphnēs*": "adverb - suddenly", "*egeneto*": "aorist indicative, 3rd singular - there was/appeared", "*angelō*": "dative, masculine, singular - angel", "*plēthos*": "nominative, neuter, singular - multitude", "*stratias*": "genitive, feminine, singular - of army/host", "*ouraniou*": "genitive, feminine, singular - heavenly/celestial", "*ainountōn*": "present participle, genitive, masculine, plural - praising", "*Theon*": "accusative, masculine, singular - God", "*legontōn*": "present participle, genitive, masculine, plural - saying" }, "variants": { "*exaiphnēs*": "suddenly/unexpectedly", "*egeneto*": "there was/appeared/happened", "*plēthos*": "multitude/crowd/great number", "*stratias*": "army/host/troops", "*ouraniou*": "heavenly/celestial/of heaven", "*ainountōn*": "praising/glorifying/celebrating" } }
  • Acts 4:24 : 24 { "verseID": "Acts.4.24", "source": "Οἱ δὲ ἀκούσαντες, ὁμοθυμαδὸν ἦραν φωνὴν πρὸς τὸν Θεόν, καὶ εἶπον, Δέσποτα, σὺ ὁ Θεὸς, ὁ ποιήσας τὸν οὐρανὸν, καὶ τὴν γῆν, καὶ τὴν θάλασσαν, καὶ πάντα τὰ ἐν αὐτοῖς:", "text": "They *de* *akousantes*, *homothymadon* *ēran* *phōnēn* *pros* the *Theon*, and *eipon*, *Despota*, you the *Theos*, the *poiēsas* the *ouranon*, and the *gēn*, and the *thalassan*, and all the [things] in them:", "grammar": { "*de*": "postpositive particle - but/and/now", "*akousantes*": "aorist active participle, nominative, masculine, plural - having heard", "*homothymadon*": "adverb - with one accord/with one mind", "*ēran*": "aorist active indicative, 3rd plural - lifted up/raised", "*phōnēn*": "accusative, feminine, singular - voice", "*pros*": "preposition + accusative - to/toward", "*Theon*": "accusative, masculine, singular - God", "*eipon*": "aorist active indicative, 3rd plural - said/told", "*Despota*": "vocative, masculine, singular - Master/Lord", "*Theos*": "nominative, masculine, singular - God", "*poiēsas*": "aorist active participle, nominative, masculine, singular - having made", "*ouranon*": "accusative, masculine, singular - heaven", "*gēn*": "accusative, feminine, singular - earth/land", "*thalassan*": "accusative, feminine, singular - sea" }, "variants": { "*akousantes*": "having heard/listened", "*homothymadon*": "with one accord/unanimously/with one mind", "*ēran*": "lifted up/raised", "*phōnēn*": "voice/sound/utterance", "*Despota*": "Master/Sovereign Lord/Ruler", "*poiēsas*": "having made/created", "*ouranon*": "heaven/sky", "*gēn*": "earth/land/ground", "*thalassan*": "sea/ocean" } }
  • Acts 7:42 : 42 { "verseID": "Acts.7.42", "source": "Ἔστρεψεν δὲ ὁ Θεός, καὶ παρέδωκεν αὐτοὺς λατρεύειν τῇ στρατιᾷ τοῦ οὐρανοῦ· καθὼς γέγραπται ἐν βίβλῳ τῶν προφητῶν, Μὴ σφάγια καὶ θυσίας προσηνέγκατέ μοι ἔτη τεσσαράκοντα ἐν τῇ ἐρήμῳ; Οἶκος Ἰσραήλ,", "text": "*Estrepsen* *de* the *Theos*, and *paredōken* them to-*latreuein* to-the *stratia* of-the *ouranou*; *kathōs* it-has-been-*gegraptai* in *biblō* of-the *prophētōn*, Not *sphagia* and *thysias* did-you-*prosēnegkate* to-me *etē* forty in the *erēmō*? *Oikos* *Israēl*,", "grammar": { "*Estrepsen*": "aorist active indicative, 3rd singular - turned", "*de*": "postpositive conjunction - but/and", "*Theos*": "nominative, masculine, singular - God", "*paredōken*": "aorist active indicative, 3rd singular - handed over/delivered", "*latreuein*": "present active infinitive - to serve/worship", "*stratia*": "dative, feminine, singular - host/army", "*ouranou*": "genitive, masculine, singular - heaven/sky", "*kathōs*": "adverb - according as/just as", "*gegraptai*": "perfect passive indicative, 3rd singular - has been written", "*biblō*": "dative, feminine, singular - book/scroll", "*prophētōn*": "genitive, masculine, plural - prophets", "*sphagia*": "accusative, neuter, plural - slain beasts/victims for sacrifice", "*thysias*": "accusative, feminine, plural - sacrifices/offerings", "*prosēnegkate*": "aorist active indicative, 2nd plural - did you offer/bring", "*etē*": "accusative, neuter, plural - years", "*erēmō*": "dative, feminine, singular - wilderness/desert", "*Oikos*": "vocative, masculine, singular - house/household", "*Israēl*": "genitive, masculine, singular - Israel" }, "variants": { "*Estrepsen*": "turned/turned away/turned against", "*paredōken*": "handed over/gave up/abandoned", "*latreuein*": "to serve/worship/offer religious service", "*stratia*": "host/army/heavenly bodies", "*sphagia*": "slain beasts/sacrificial victims", "*Oikos*": "house/household/family/lineage" } }