Verse 3

{ "verseID": "Genesis.9.3", "source": "כָּל־רֶ֙מֶשׂ֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר הוּא־חַ֔י לָכֶ֥ם יִהְיֶ֖ה לְאָכְלָ֑ה כְּיֶ֣רֶק עֵ֔שֶׂב נָתַ֥תִּי לָכֶ֖ם אֶת־כֹּֽל׃", "text": "*Kol*-*remeś* which *hûʾ*-*ḥay* to-you *yihyeh* for-*ʾoklāh* like-*yereq* *ʿēśeb* *nātattî* to-you *ʾet*-*kōl*.", "grammar": { "*kol*": "construct state - all of/every", "*remeś*": "noun, masculine, singular - moving thing/creeping thing", "*hûʾ*": "pronoun, 3rd singular masculine - it", "*ḥay*": "adjective, masculine, singular - living", "*yihyeh*": "imperfect, 3rd singular masculine - it will be", "*ʾoklāh*": "noun, feminine, singular - food", "*yereq*": "noun, masculine, singular, construct state - green thing/greenery of", "*ʿēśeb*": "noun, masculine, singular - plant/herb/vegetation", "*nātattî*": "perfect, 1st singular - I have given", "*kōl*": "noun, masculine, singular - all/everything" }, "variants": { "*remeś*": "moving thing/creeping thing/crawling animal", "*ḥay*": "alive/living/having life", "*ʾoklāh*": "food/eating/something to eat", "*yereq*": "green plant/greenery/green thing", "*ʿēśeb*": "herb/vegetation/plant", "*nātattî*": "I gave/I have given/I granted" } }

Other Translations

Referenced Verses

  • Rom 14:14 : 14 { "verseID": "Romans.14.14", "source": "Οἶδα, καὶ πέπεισμαι ἐν Κυρίῳ Ἰησοῦ, ὅτι οὐδὲν κοινὸν διʼ ἑαυτοῦ: εἰ μὴ τῷ λογιζομένῳ τι κοινὸν εἶναι, ἐκείνῳ κοινόν.", "text": "I *oida*, and I am *pepeismai* in *Kyriō Iēsou*, that *ouden koinon* through *heautou*: if not to the one *logizomenō* anything *koinon einai*, to that one *koinon*.", "grammar": { "*oida*": "perfect with present meaning, active, indicative, 1st singular - I know", "*pepeismai*": "perfect, passive, indicative, 1st singular - I have been persuaded/convinced", "*Kyriō*": "dative, masculine, singular - Lord", "*Iēsou*": "dative, masculine, singular - Jesus", "*ouden*": "nominative, neuter, singular - nothing", "*koinon*": "nominative, neuter, singular - common/unclean", "*heautou*": "genitive, masculine, singular, reflexive pronoun - itself", "*logizomenō*": "present, middle, participle, dative, masculine, singular - reckoning/considering", "*einai*": "present, active, infinitive - to be", "*ekeinō*": "dative, masculine, singular, demonstrative pronoun - that one" }, "variants": { "*oida*": "I know/I understand", "*pepeismai*": "I have been persuaded/I have been convinced/I am confident", "*koinon*": "common/unclean/impure/profane", "*logizomenō*": "reckoning/considering/counting/thinking", "*einai*": "to be/to exist" } }
  • Deut 12:15 : 15 { "verseID": "Deuteronomy.12.15", "source": "רַק֩ בְּכָל־אַוַּ֨ת נַפְשְׁךָ֜ תִּזְבַּ֣ח ׀ וְאָכַלְתָּ֣ בָשָׂ֗ר כְּבִרְכַּ֨ת יְהוָ֧ה אֱלֹהֶ֛יךָ אֲשֶׁ֥ר נָֽתַן־לְךָ֖ בְּכָל־שְׁעָרֶ֑יךָ הַטָּמֵ֤א וְהַטָּהוֹר֙ יֹאכְלֶ֔נּוּ כַּצְּבִ֖י וְכָאַיָּֽל׃", "text": "*Raq* in-all-*ʾawwat* *nephesh*-your *tizbakh* *wə-ʾākhaltā* *bāśār* as-*birkat* *YHWH* *ʾĕlōhêkhā* which *nātan*-to-you in-all-*shəʿārêkhā* the-*ṭāmēʾ* *wə*-the-*ṭāhôr* *yōkhlennû* like-the-*ṣəbî* *wə*-like-the-*ʾayyāl*", "grammar": { "*raq*": "adverb - only", "*ʾawwat*": "construct state, feminine singular - desire/longing of", "*nephesh*": "noun, feminine singular with 2nd person masculine singular suffix - soul/self/being/desire", "*tizbakh*": "verb, Qal imperfect 2nd person masculine singular - you shall slaughter/sacrifice", "*wə-ʾākhaltā*": "conjunction + verb, Qal perfect 2nd person masculine singular - and you shall eat", "*bāśār*": "noun, masculine singular - meat/flesh", "*birkat*": "noun, construct state, feminine singular - blessing of", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - divine name", "*ʾĕlōhêkhā*": "noun, masculine plural with 2nd person masculine singular suffix - your God", "*nātan*": "verb, Qal perfect 3rd person masculine singular - he gave", "*shəʿārêkhā*": "noun, masculine plural with 2nd person masculine singular suffix - your gates/towns", "*ṭāmēʾ*": "adjective, masculine singular - unclean/impure", "*wə*": "conjunction - and", "*ṭāhôr*": "adjective, masculine singular - clean/pure", "*yōkhlennû*": "verb, Qal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - may eat it", "*ṣəbî*": "noun, masculine singular - gazelle", "*ʾayyāl*": "noun, masculine singular - deer/stag" }, "variants": { "*raq*": "only/surely/nevertheless", "*ʾawwat*": "desire/longing/craving", "*nephesh*": "soul/life/self/desire/appetite/person", "*tizbakh*": "slaughter/sacrifice/kill for food", "*bāśār*": "flesh/meat/body", "*shəʿārêkhā*": "gates/towns/settlements", "*ṭāmēʾ*": "unclean/impure person", "*ṭāhôr*": "clean/pure person", "*ṣəbî*": "gazelle/roebuck", "*ʾayyāl*": "deer/stag/hart" } }
  • Deut 14:3-9 : 3 { "verseID": "Deuteronomy.14.3", "source": "לֹ֥א תֹאכַ֖ל כָּל־תּוֹעֵבָֽה׃", "text": "Not *tōʾkal* any-*tôʿēbâ*", "grammar": { "*tōʾkal*": "qal imperfect second person masculine singular - eat/consume", "*tôʿēbâ*": "feminine singular noun - abomination/detestable thing" }, "variants": { "*tōʾkal*": "eat/consume/devour", "*tôʿēbâ*": "abomination/detestable thing/abhorrent thing" } } 4 { "verseID": "Deuteronomy.14.4", "source": "זֹ֥את הַבְּהֵמָ֖ה אֲשֶׁ֣ר תֹּאכֵ֑לוּ שׁ֕וֹר שֵׂ֥ה כְשָׂבִ֖ים וְשֵׂ֥ה עִזִּֽים׃", "text": "This the-*bəhēmâ* which *tōʾkēlû* *šôr* *śeh* *kəśābîm* and-*śeh* *ʿizzîm*", "grammar": { "*bəhēmâ*": "feminine singular noun - animal/beast/cattle", "*tōʾkēlû*": "qal imperfect second person masculine plural - you may eat", "*šôr*": "masculine singular noun - ox/bull/cattle", "*śeh*": "masculine singular noun - sheep/lamb", "*kəśābîm*": "masculine plural noun - lambs/young sheep", "*śeh*": "masculine singular noun - sheep/lamb", "*ʿizzîm*": "feminine plural noun - goats" }, "variants": { "*bəhēmâ*": "animal/beast/cattle/livestock", "*šôr*": "ox/bull/cattle", "*kəśābîm*": "lambs/young sheep", "*ʿizzîm*": "goats/goat kids" } } 5 { "verseID": "Deuteronomy.14.5", "source": "אַיָּ֥ל וּצְבִ֖י וְיַחְמ֑וּר וְאַקּ֥וֹ וְדִישֹׁ֖ן וּתְא֥וֹ וָזָֽמֶר׃", "text": "*ʾayyāl* and-*ṣəbî* and-*yaḥmûr* and-*ʾaqqô* and-*dîšōn* and-*təʾô* and-*zāmer*", "grammar": { "*ʾayyāl*": "masculine singular noun - deer/hart", "*ṣəbî*": "masculine singular noun - gazelle", "*yaḥmûr*": "masculine singular noun - roebuck/fallow deer", "*ʾaqqô*": "masculine singular noun - wild goat", "*dîšōn*": "masculine singular noun - antelope/pygarg", "*təʾô*": "masculine singular noun - wild ox/antelope", "*zāmer*": "masculine singular noun - mountain sheep/chamois" }, "variants": { "*ʾayyāl*": "deer/hart/stag", "*ṣəbî*": "gazelle/roe", "*yaḥmûr*": "roebuck/fallow deer", "*ʾaqqô*": "wild goat/ibex", "*dîšōn*": "antelope/pygarg/white-rumped antelope", "*təʾô*": "wild ox/antelope/oryx", "*zāmer*": "mountain sheep/chamois/rock goat" } } 6 { "verseID": "Deuteronomy.14.6", "source": "וְכָל־בְּהֵמָ֞ה מַפְרֶ֣סֶת פַּרְסָ֗ה וְשֹׁסַ֤עַת שֶׁ֙סַע֙ שְׁתֵּ֣י פְרָס֔וֹת מַעֲלַ֥ת גֵּרָ֖ה בַּבְּהֵמָ֑ה אֹתָ֖הּ תֹּאכֵֽלוּ׃", "text": "And-every-*bəhēmâ* *mapreset* *parsâ* and-*šōsaʿat* *šesaʿ* two *pərāsôt* *maʿălat* *gērâ* among-the-*bəhēmâ* it *tōʾkēlû*", "grammar": { "*bəhēmâ*": "feminine singular noun - animal/beast/cattle", "*mapreset*": "hifil participle feminine singular - dividing/splitting", "*parsâ*": "feminine singular noun - hoof", "*šōsaʿat*": "qal participle feminine singular - cleaving/splitting", "*šesaʿ*": "masculine singular noun - cleft/split", "*pərāsôt*": "feminine plural noun - hooves", "*maʿălat*": "hifil participle feminine singular - bringing up/chewing", "*gērâ*": "feminine singular noun - cud", "*tōʾkēlû*": "qal imperfect second person masculine plural - you may eat" }, "variants": { "*mapreset parsâ*": "parts the hoof/has divided hooves", "*šōsaʿat šesaʿ*": "splits the cleft/has completely split hooves", "*maʿălat gērâ*": "brings up the cud/chews the cud/ruminates" } } 7 { "verseID": "Deuteronomy.14.7", "source": "אַ֣ךְ אֶת־זֶ֞ה לֹ֤א תֹֽאכְלוּ֙ מִמּֽ͏ַעֲלֵ֣י הַגֵּרָ֔ה וּמִמַּפְרִיסֵ֥י הַפַּרְסָ֖ה הַשְּׁסוּעָ֑ה אֶֽת־הַ֠גָּמָל וְאֶת־הָאַרְנֶ֨בֶת וְאֶת־הַשָּׁפָ֜ן כִּֽי־מַעֲלֵ֧ה גֵרָ֣ה הֵ֗מָּה וּפַרְסָה֙ לֹ֣א הִפְרִ֔יסוּ טְמֵאִ֥ים הֵ֖ם לָכֶֽם׃", "text": "But this not *tōʾklû* from-*maʿălê* the-*gērâ* and-from-*maprîsê* the-*parsâ* the-*šəsûʿâ* the-*gāmāl* and-the-*ʾarneret* and-the-*šāpān* for-*maʿălēh* *gērâ* *hēmmâ* but-*parsâ* not *hiprîsû* *ṭəmēʾîm* they to-you", "grammar": { "*tōʾklû*": "qal imperfect second person masculine plural - you shall eat", "*maʿălê*": "hifil participle masculine plural construct - those bringing up", "*gērâ*": "feminine singular noun - cud", "*maprîsê*": "hifil participle masculine plural construct - those dividing", "*parsâ*": "feminine singular noun - hoof", "*šəsûʿâ*": "qal passive participle feminine singular - cleft/split", "*gāmāl*": "masculine singular noun - camel", "*ʾarneret*": "feminine singular noun - hare/rabbit", "*šāpān*": "masculine singular noun - rock badger/hyrax/coney", "*maʿălēh*": "hifil participle masculine singular - bringing up", "*hēmmâ*": "third person masculine plural pronoun - they", "*hiprîsû*": "hifil perfect third person common plural - they divided/split", "*ṭəmēʾîm*": "masculine plural adjective - unclean/impure" }, "variants": { "*maʿălê ha-gērâ*": "those that chew the cud/those that ruminate", "*maprîsê ha-parsâ*": "those that divide the hoof", "*gāmāl*": "camel", "*ʾarneret*": "hare/rabbit", "*šāpān*": "rock badger/hyrax/coney/rock hyrax", "*hiprîsû*": "they divide/they have divided hooves", "*ṭəmēʾîm*": "unclean/impure/defiled" } } 8 { "verseID": "Deuteronomy.14.8", "source": "וְאֶת־הַ֠חֲזִיר כִּֽי־מַפְרִ֨יס פַּרְסָ֥ה הוּא֙ וְלֹ֣א גֵרָ֔ה טָמֵ֥א ה֖וּא לָכֶ֑ם מִבְּשָׂרָם֙ לֹ֣א תֹאכֵ֔לוּ וּבְנִבְלָתָ֖ם לֹ֥א תִגָּֽעוּ׃", "text": "And-the-*ḥăzîr* for-*maprîs* *parsâ* *hûʾ* and-not *gērâ* *ṭāmēʾ* *hûʾ* to-you from-*bəśārām* not *tōʾkēlû* and-in-*niblātām* not *tiggāʿû*", "grammar": { "*ḥăzîr*": "masculine singular noun - pig/swine", "*maprîs*": "hifil participle masculine singular - dividing/splitting", "*parsâ*": "feminine singular noun - hoof", "*hûʾ*": "third person masculine singular pronoun - he/it", "*gērâ*": "feminine singular noun - cud", "*ṭāmēʾ*": "masculine singular adjective - unclean/impure", "*bəśārām*": "masculine singular noun with third person masculine plural suffix - their flesh", "*tōʾkēlû*": "qal imperfect second person masculine plural - you shall eat", "*niblātām*": "feminine singular noun with third person masculine plural suffix - their carcass", "*tiggāʿû*": "qal imperfect second person masculine plural - you shall touch" }, "variants": { "*ḥăzîr*": "pig/swine/boar", "*maprîs parsâ*": "divides the hoof/has split hooves", "*ṭāmēʾ*": "unclean/impure/defiled", "*bəśārām*": "their flesh/their meat", "*niblātām*": "their carcass/their dead body" } } 9 { "verseID": "Deuteronomy.14.9", "source": "אֶת־זֶה֙ תֹּֽאכְל֔וּ מִכֹּ֖ל אֲשֶׁ֣ר בַּמָּ֑יִם כֹּ֧ל אֲשֶׁר־ל֛וֹ סְנַפִּ֥יר וְקַשְׂקֶ֖שֶׂת תֹּאכֵֽלוּ׃", "text": "This *tōʾklû* from-all which in-the-*mā́yim* all which-to-it *sənapîr* and-*qaśqeśet* *tōʾkēlû*", "grammar": { "*tōʾklû*": "qal imperfect second person masculine plural - you may eat", "*mā́yim*": "masculine plural noun - waters", "*sənapîr*": "masculine singular noun - fin", "*qaśqeśet*": "feminine singular noun - scale", "*tōʾkēlû*": "qal imperfect second person masculine plural - you may eat" }, "variants": { "*mā́yim*": "waters/water/seas", "*sənapîr*": "fin/fins", "*qaśqeśet*": "scale/scales" } } 10 { "verseID": "Deuteronomy.14.10", "source": "וְכֹ֨ל אֲשֶׁ֧ר אֵֽין־ל֛וֹ סְנַפִּ֥יר וְקַשְׂקֶ֖שֶׂת לֹ֣א תֹאכֵ֑לוּ טָמֵ֥א ה֖וּא לָכֶֽם׃", "text": "And-all which not-to-it *sənapîr* and-*qaśqeśet* not *tōʾkēlû* *ṭāmēʾ* *hûʾ* to-you", "grammar": { "*sənapîr*": "masculine singular noun - fin", "*qaśqeśet*": "feminine singular noun - scale", "*tōʾkēlû*": "qal imperfect second person masculine plural - you shall eat", "*ṭāmēʾ*": "masculine singular adjective - unclean/impure", "*hûʾ*": "third person masculine singular pronoun - he/it" }, "variants": { "*sənapîr*": "fin/fins", "*qaśqeśet*": "scale/scales", "*ṭāmēʾ*": "unclean/impure/defiled" } } 11 { "verseID": "Deuteronomy.14.11", "source": "כָּל־צִפּ֥וֹר טְהֹרָ֖ה תֹּאכֵֽלוּ׃", "text": "Every-*ṣippôr* *ṭəhōrâ* *tōʾkēlû*", "grammar": { "*ṣippôr*": "feminine singular noun - bird", "*ṭəhōrâ*": "feminine singular adjective - clean/pure", "*tōʾkēlû*": "qal imperfect second person masculine plural - you may eat" }, "variants": { "*ṣippôr*": "bird/fowl/winged creature", "*ṭəhōrâ*": "clean/pure/ceremonially acceptable" } } 12 { "verseID": "Deuteronomy.14.12", "source": "וְזֶ֕ה אֲשֶׁ֥ר לֹֽא־תֹאכְל֖וּ מֵהֶ֑ם הַנֶּ֥שֶׁר וְהַפֶּ֖רֶס וְהָֽעָזְנִיָּֽה׃", "text": "And-this which not-*tōʾklû* from-them the-*nešer* and-the-*peres* and-the-*ʿozniyyâ*", "grammar": { "*tōʾklû*": "qal imperfect second person masculine plural - you shall eat", "*nešer*": "masculine singular noun - eagle/vulture", "*peres*": "masculine singular noun - ossifrage/vulture", "*ʿozniyyâ*": "feminine singular noun - osprey/sea eagle/black vulture" }, "variants": { "*nešer*": "eagle/vulture/griffon vulture", "*peres*": "ossifrage/bearded vulture/lammergeier", "*ʿozniyyâ*": "osprey/sea eagle/black vulture" } } 13 { "verseID": "Deuteronomy.14.13", "source": "וְהָרָאָה֙ וְאֶת־הָ֣אַיָּ֔ה וְהַדַּיָּ֖ה לְמִינָֽהּ׃", "text": "And-the-*rāʾâ* and-the-*ʾayyâ* and-the-*dayyâ* to-*mînāh*", "grammar": { "*rāʾâ*": "feminine singular noun - glede/red kite", "*ʾayyâ*": "feminine singular noun - falcon/kite", "*dayyâ*": "feminine singular noun - vulture/kite", "*mînāh*": "masculine singular noun with third person feminine singular suffix - its kind" }, "variants": { "*rāʾâ*": "glede/red kite", "*ʾayyâ*": "falcon/kite/black kite", "*dayyâ*": "vulture/kite/hawk", "*mînāh*": "its kind/its species/according to its kind" } } 14 { "verseID": "Deuteronomy.14.14", "source": "וְאֵ֥ת כָּל־עֹרֵ֖ב לְמִינֽוֹ׃", "text": "And every-*ʿōrēb* to-*mînô*", "grammar": { "*ʿōrēb*": "masculine singular noun - raven/crow", "*mînô*": "masculine singular noun with third person masculine singular suffix - its kind" }, "variants": { "*ʿōrēb*": "raven/crow/corvid", "*mînô*": "its kind/its species/according to its kind" } } 15 { "verseID": "Deuteronomy.14.15", "source": "וְאֵת֙ בַּ֣ת הַֽיַּעֲנָ֔ה וְאֶת־הַתַּחְמָ֖ס וְאֶת־הַשָּׁ֑חַף וְאֶת־הַנֵּ֖ץ לְמִינֵֽהוּ׃", "text": "And the-*bat* the-*yaʿănâ* and-the-*taḥmās* and-the-*šāḥap* and-the-*nēṣ* to-*mînēhû*", "grammar": { "*bat*": "feminine singular construct - daughter of", "*yaʿănâ*": "feminine singular noun - ostrich", "*taḥmās*": "masculine singular noun - male ostrich/owl", "*šāḥap*": "masculine singular noun - seagull/sea mew", "*nēṣ*": "masculine singular noun - hawk/falcon", "*mînēhû*": "masculine singular noun with third person masculine singular suffix - its kind" }, "variants": { "*bat ha-yaʿănâ*": "ostrich/owl", "*taḥmās*": "male ostrich/owl/night hawk", "*šāḥap*": "seagull/sea mew/cuckoo", "*nēṣ*": "hawk/falcon", "*mînēhû*": "its kind/its species/according to its kind" } } 16 { "verseID": "Deuteronomy.14.16", "source": "אֶת־הַכּ֥וֹס וְאֶת־הַיַּנְשׁ֖וּף וְהַתִּנְשָֽׁמֶת׃", "text": "The-*kôs* and-the-*yanšûp* and-the-*tinšāmet*", "grammar": { "*kôs*": "masculine singular noun - little owl", "*yanšûp*": "masculine singular noun - great owl/eagle owl", "*tinšāmet*": "feminine singular noun - white owl/barn owl/chameleon" }, "variants": { "*kôs*": "little owl/screech owl", "*yanšûp*": "great owl/eagle owl/ibis", "*tinšāmet*": "white owl/barn owl/chameleon/water hen" } } 17 { "verseID": "Deuteronomy.14.17", "source": "וְהַקָּאָ֥ת וְאֶֽת־הָרָחָ֖מָה וְאֶת־הַשָּׁלָֽךְ׃", "text": "And-the-*qāʾāt* and-the-*rāḥāmâ* and-the-*šālāk*", "grammar": { "*qāʾāt*": "feminine singular noun - pelican/desert owl", "*rāḥāmâ*": "feminine singular noun - carrion vulture/Egyptian vulture", "*šālāk*": "masculine singular noun - cormorant/fish-owl" }, "variants": { "*qāʾāt*": "pelican/desert owl", "*rāḥāmâ*": "carrion vulture/Egyptian vulture/gier-eagle", "*šālāk*": "cormorant/fish-owl/gannet" } } 18 { "verseID": "Deuteronomy.14.18", "source": "וְהַ֣חֲסִידָ֔ה וְהָאֲנָפָ֖ה לְמִינָ֑הּ וְהַדּוּכִיפַ֖ת וְהָעֲטַלֵּֽף׃", "text": "And-the-*ḥăsîdâ* and-the-*ʾănāpâ* to-*mînāh* and-the-*dûkîpat* and-the-*ʿăṭallēp*", "grammar": { "*ḥăsîdâ*": "feminine singular noun - stork", "*ʾănāpâ*": "feminine singular noun - heron", "*mînāh*": "masculine singular noun with third person feminine singular suffix - its kind", "*dûkîpat*": "masculine singular noun - hoopoe", "*ʿăṭallēp*": "masculine singular noun - bat" }, "variants": { "*ḥăsîdâ*": "stork/heron", "*ʾănāpâ*": "heron/egret/parrot", "*mînāh*": "its kind/its species/according to its kind", "*dûkîpat*": "hoopoe/lapwing/rooster", "*ʿăṭallēp*": "bat/swift" } } 19 { "verseID": "Deuteronomy.14.19", "source": "וְכֹל֙ שֶׁ֣רֶץ הָע֔וֹף טָמֵ֥א ה֖וּא לָכֶ֑ם לֹ֖א יֵאָכֵֽלוּ׃", "text": "And-all *šereṣ* the-*ʿôp* *ṭāmēʾ* *hûʾ* to-you not *yēʾākēlû*", "grammar": { "*šereṣ*": "masculine singular noun construct - swarming thing/creeping thing", "*ʿôp*": "masculine singular noun - flying creature/bird/insect", "*ṭāmēʾ*": "masculine singular adjective - unclean/impure", "*hûʾ*": "third person masculine singular pronoun - he/it", "*yēʾākēlû*": "niphal imperfect third person masculine plural - they shall be eaten" }, "variants": { "*šereṣ*": "swarming thing/creeping thing/teeming creature", "*ʿôp*": "flying creature/bird/winged insect", "*ṭāmēʾ*": "unclean/impure/defiled" } } 20 { "verseID": "Deuteronomy.14.20", "source": "כָּל־ע֥וֹף טָה֖וֹר תֹּאכֵֽלוּ׃", "text": "All-*ʿôp* *ṭāhôr* *tōʾkēlû*", "grammar": { "*ʿôp*": "masculine singular noun - flying creature/bird", "*ṭāhôr*": "masculine singular adjective - clean/pure", "*tōʾkēlû*": "qal imperfect second person masculine plural - you may eat" }, "variants": { "*ʿôp*": "flying creature/bird/winged creature", "*ṭāhôr*": "clean/pure/ceremonially acceptable" } } 21 { "verseID": "Deuteronomy.14.21", "source": "לֹ֣א תֹאכְל֣וּ כָל־נְ֠בֵלָה לַגֵּ֨ר אֲשֶׁר־בִּשְׁעָרֶ֜יךָ תִּתְּנֶ֣נָּה וַאֲכָלָ֗הּ א֤וֹ מָכֹר֙ לְנָכְרִ֔י כִּ֣י עַ֤ם קָדוֹשׁ֙ אַתָּ֔ה לַיהוָ֖ה אֱלֹהֶ֑יךָ לֹֽא־תְבַשֵּׁ֥ל גְּדִ֖י בַּחֲלֵ֥ב אִמּֽוֹ׃", "text": "Not *tōʾklû* any-*nəbēlâ* to-the-*gēr* which-in-*šəʿārêkā* *tittənennāh* and-*ʾăkālāh* or *mākōr* to-*nokrî* for *ʿam* *qādôš* *ʾattâ* to-*YHWH* *ʾĕlōhêkā* not-*təbaššēl* *gədî* in-*ḥălēb* *ʾimmô*", "grammar": { "*tōʾklû*": "qal imperfect second person masculine plural - you shall eat", "*nəbēlâ*": "feminine singular noun - carcass/dead body", "*gēr*": "masculine singular noun - sojourner/foreigner", "*šəʿārêkā*": "masculine plural noun with second person masculine singular suffix - your gates", "*tittənennāh*": "qal imperfect second person masculine singular with feminine singular suffix - you shall give it", "*ʾăkālāh*": "qal perfect third person masculine singular with feminine singular suffix - he may eat it", "*mākōr*": "qal infinitive absolute - selling", "*nokrî*": "masculine singular adjective - foreign/alien", "*ʿam*": "masculine singular noun - people", "*qādôš*": "masculine singular adjective - holy/set apart", "*ʾattâ*": "second person masculine singular pronoun - you", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - divine name", "*ʾĕlōhêkā*": "masculine plural noun with second person masculine singular suffix - your God", "*təbaššēl*": "piel imperfect second person masculine singular - you shall boil/cook", "*gədî*": "masculine singular noun - young goat/kid", "*ḥălēb*": "masculine singular noun construct - milk of", "*ʾimmô*": "feminine singular noun with third person masculine singular suffix - its mother" }, "variants": { "*nəbēlâ*": "carcass/dead body/that which dies naturally", "*gēr*": "sojourner/foreigner/resident alien", "*šəʿārêkā*": "your gates/your towns", "*mākōr*": "selling/you may sell", "*nokrî*": "foreign/alien/stranger", "*qādôš*": "holy/set apart/consecrated", "*təbaššēl*": "boil/cook/seethe", "*gədî*": "young goat/kid/young animal" } }
  • Ps 104:14-15 : 14 { "verseID": "Psalms.104.14", "source": "מַצְמִ֤יחַ חָצִ֨יר ׀ לַבְּהֵמָ֗ה וְ֭עֵשֶׂב לַעֲבֹדַ֣ת הָאָדָ֑ם לְה֥וֹצִיא לֶ֝֗חֶם מִן־הָאָֽרֶץ׃", "text": "*maṣmîaḥ* *ḥāṣîr* *labbĕhēmāh* *wĕʿēśeb* *laʿabōdat* *hāʾādām* *lĕhôṣîʾ* *leḥem* *min*-*hāʾāreṣ*", "grammar": { "*maṣmîaḥ*": "participle, hiphil active, masculine singular - causing to grow", "*ḥāṣîr*": "noun, masculine singular - grass", "*labbĕhēmāh*": "preposition *lě* + definite article + noun, feminine singular - for the cattle", "*wĕʿēśeb*": "conjunction + noun, masculine singular - and herbs/plants", "*laʿabōdat*": "preposition *lě* + noun, feminine singular construct - for service of", "*hāʾādām*": "definite article + noun, masculine singular - the man/humankind", "*lĕhôṣîʾ*": "preposition *lě* + verb, hiphil infinitive construct - to bring forth", "*leḥem*": "noun, masculine singular - bread/food", "*min*": "preposition - from", "*hāʾāreṣ*": "definite article + noun, feminine singular - the earth" }, "variants": { "*maṣmîaḥ*": "causing to grow, making sprout, producing", "*ḥāṣîr*": "grass, hay, herb, forage", "*bĕhēmāh*": "cattle, livestock, animals", "*ʿēśeb*": "herb, plant, vegetation", "*ʿabōdah*": "service, labor, work, cultivation", "*hāʾādām*": "the man, mankind, humanity", "*lĕhôṣîʾ*": "to bring forth, to produce, to cause to come out", "*leḥem*": "bread, food, grain, sustenance", "*hāʾāreṣ*": "the earth, the land, the ground" } } 15 { "verseID": "Psalms.104.15", "source": "וְיַ֤יִן ׀ יְשַׂמַּ֬ח לְֽבַב־אֱנ֗וֹשׁ לְהַצְהִ֣יל פָּנִ֣ים מִשָּׁ֑מֶן וְ֝לֶ֗חֶם לְֽבַב־אֱנ֥וֹשׁ יִסְעָֽד׃", "text": "*wĕyayin* *yĕśammaḥ* *lĕbab*-*ʾĕnôsh* *lĕhaṣhîl* *pānîm* *mishshāmen* *wĕleḥem* *lĕbab*-*ʾĕnôsh* *yisʿād*", "grammar": { "*wĕyayin*": "conjunction + noun, masculine singular - and wine", "*yĕśammaḥ*": "verb, piel imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - it gladdens", "*lĕbab*": "noun, masculine singular construct - heart of", "*ʾĕnôsh*": "noun, masculine singular - man", "*lĕhaṣhîl*": "preposition *lě* + verb, hiphil infinitive construct - to make shine", "*pānîm*": "noun, masculine plural - face", "*mishshāmen*": "preposition *min* + definite article + noun, masculine singular - from the oil", "*wĕleḥem*": "conjunction + noun, masculine singular - and bread/food", "*lĕbab*": "noun, masculine singular construct - heart of", "*ʾĕnôsh*": "noun, masculine singular - man", "*yisʿād*": "verb, qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - it sustains" }, "variants": { "*yayin*": "wine, fermented drink", "*yĕśammaḥ*": "gladdens, makes rejoice, cheers", "*lĕbab*": "heart, mind, inner person", "*ʾĕnôsh*": "man, mankind, mortal", "*lĕhaṣhîl*": "to make shine, to brighten, to make gleam", "*pānîm*": "face, presence, countenance", "*shāmen*": "oil, fat, richness", "*leḥem*": "bread, food, grain", "*yisʿād*": "sustains, strengthens, supports" } }
  • Acts 10:12-15 : 12 { "verseID": "Acts.10.12", "source": "Ἐν ᾧ ὑπῆρχεν πάντα τὰ τετράποδα τῆς γῆς, καὶ τὰ θηρία, καὶ τὰ ἑρπετὰ, καὶ τὰ πετεινὰ τοῦ οὐρανοῦ.", "text": "In which *hypērchen* all the *tetrapoda* of the *gēs*, and the *thēria*, and the *herpeta*, and the *peteina* of the *ouranou*.", "grammar": { "*hypērchen*": "imperfect active, 3rd singular - were/existed", "*tetrapoda*": "nominative, neuter, plural - four-footed animals", "*gēs*": "genitive, feminine, singular - earth/land", "*thēria*": "nominative, neuter, plural - wild beasts", "*herpeta*": "nominative, neuter, plural - creeping things/reptiles", "*peteina*": "nominative, neuter, plural - birds/flying creatures", "*ouranou*": "genitive, masculine, singular - heaven/sky" }, "variants": { "*hypērchen*": "were/existed/were contained", "*tetrapoda*": "four-footed animals/quadrupeds", "*gēs*": "earth/land/ground", "*thēria*": "wild beasts/animals", "*herpeta*": "creeping things/reptiles", "*peteina*": "birds/flying creatures", "*ouranou*": "heaven/sky" } } 13 { "verseID": "Acts.10.13", "source": "Καὶ ἐγένετο φωνὴ πρὸς αὐτόν, Ἀναστάς, Πέτρε· θῦσον, καὶ φάγε.", "text": "And *egeneto* *phōnē* *pros* him, *Anastas*, *Petre*: *thyson*, and *phage*.", "grammar": { "*egeneto*": "aorist middle, 3rd singular - came/happened", "*phōnē*": "nominative, feminine, singular - voice", "*pros*": "preposition + accusative - to/toward", "*Anastas*": "aorist active participle, nominative, masculine, singular - having risen", "*Petre*": "vocative, masculine, singular - Peter", "*thyson*": "aorist active imperative, 2nd singular - kill/sacrifice", "*phage*": "aorist active imperative, 2nd singular - eat" }, "variants": { "*egeneto*": "came/happened/occurred", "*phōnē*": "voice/sound", "*pros*": "to/toward", "*Anastas*": "rise up/get up/stand up", "*thyson*": "kill/slaughter/sacrifice", "*phage*": "eat/consume" } } 14 { "verseID": "Acts.10.14", "source": "Ὁ δὲ Πέτρος εἶπεν, Μηδαμῶς, Κύριε· ὅτι οὐδέποτε ἔφαγον πᾶν κοινὸν ἢ ἀκάθαρτον.", "text": "But *Petros* *eipen*, *Mēdamōs*, *Kurie*: because *oudepote* *ephagon* anything *koinon* or *akatharton*.", "grammar": { "*Petros*": "nominative, masculine, singular - Peter [proper name]", "*eipen*": "aorist active, 3rd singular - said", "*Mēdamōs*": "adverb - by no means/not at all", "*Kurie*": "vocative, masculine, singular - Lord/Sir", "*oudepote*": "adverb - never", "*ephagon*": "aorist active, 1st singular - I ate", "*koinon*": "accusative, neuter, singular - common/unclean", "*akatharton*": "accusative, neuter, singular - unclean/impure" }, "variants": { "*Mēdamōs*": "by no means/not at all/certainly not", "*Kurie*": "Lord/Sir/Master", "*oudepote*": "never/at no time", "*ephagon*": "ate/consumed", "*koinon*": "common/defiled/unclean [ritually]", "*akatharton*": "unclean/impure [ceremonially]" } } 15 { "verseID": "Acts.10.15", "source": "Καὶ φωνὴ πάλιν ἐκ δευτέρου πρὸς αὐτόν, Ἃ ὁ Θεὸς ἐκαθάρισεν, σὺ μὴ κοίνου.", "text": "And *phōnē* again from second *pros* him, What *ho* *Theos* *ekatharisen*, you *mē* *koinou*.", "grammar": { "*phōnē*": "nominative, feminine, singular - voice", "*pros*": "preposition + accusative - to/toward", "*ho*": "nominative, masculine, singular - the", "*Theos*": "nominative, masculine, singular - God", "*ekatharisen*": "aorist active, 3rd singular - cleansed/purified", "*mē*": "negative particle - not", "*koinou*": "present active imperative, 2nd singular - consider common/unclean" }, "variants": { "*phōnē*": "voice/sound", "*pros*": "to/toward", "*ekatharisen*": "cleansed/purified/made clean", "*koinou*": "consider common/declare unclean/treat as defiled" } }
  • Rom 14:3 : 3 { "verseID": "Romans.14.3", "source": "Ὁ ἐσθίων τὸν μὴ ἐσθίοντα μὴ ἐξουθενείτω· καὶ ὁ μὴ ἐσθίων τὸν ἐσθίοντα μὴ κρινέτω: ὁ Θεὸς γὰρ αὐτὸν προσελάβετο.", "text": "The one *esthiōn* the one not *esthionta* not *exoutheneitō*; and the one not *esthiōn* the one *esthionta* not *krinetō*: for *Theos* him *proselabeto*.", "grammar": { "*esthiōn*": "present, active, participle, nominative, masculine, singular - eating", "*esthionta*": "present, active, participle, accusative, masculine, singular - eating", "*exoutheneitō*": "present, active, imperative, 3rd singular - let him despise/regard as nothing", "*krinetō*": "present, active, imperative, 3rd singular - let him judge", "*Theos*": "nominative, masculine, singular - God", "*proselabeto*": "aorist, middle, indicative, 3rd singular - received/accepted/welcomed" }, "variants": { "*esthiōn*": "eating/consuming", "*exoutheneitō*": "despise/regard as nothing/treat with contempt", "*krinetō*": "judge/condemn/criticize", "*proselabeto*": "received/accepted/welcomed/took to himself" } }
  • Gen 1:29-30 : 29 { "verseID": "Genesis.1.29", "source": "וַיֹּ֣אמֶר אֱלֹהִ֗ים הִנֵּה֩ נָתַ֨תִּי לָכֶ֜ם אֶת־כָּל־עֵ֣שֶׂב ׀ זֹרֵ֣עַ זֶ֗רַע אֲשֶׁר֙ עַל־פְּנֵ֣י כָל־הָאָ֔רֶץ וְאֶת־כָּל־הָעֵ֛ץ אֲשֶׁר־בּ֥וֹ פְרִי־עֵ֖ץ זֹרֵ֣עַ זָ֑רַע לָכֶ֥ם יִֽהְיֶ֖ה לְאָכְלָֽה׃", "text": "And *wayyōʾmer* *ʾĕlōhîm* *hinnēh* *nātattî* to-you *ʾet*-all-*ʿēśeb* *zōrēaʿ* *zeraʿ* which upon *pĕnê* all-the *ʾāreṣ* and *ʾet*-all-the *ʿēṣ* which-in-him *pĕrî*-*ʿēṣ* *zōrēaʿ* *zāraʿ* to-you *yihyeh* for *ʾoklāh*", "grammar": { "*hinnēh*": "interjection - behold/see/look", "*nātattî*": "verb, qal perfect, 1st person common singular - I give/gave", "*lākem*": "preposition + 2mp suffix - to you", "*zōrēaʿ*": "verb, qal participle, masculine singular - yielding/producing", "*ʾăšer*": "relative pronoun - which/that", "*ʿal-pĕnê*": "preposition + noun, masculine plural construct - upon face of", "*ʾăšer-bô*": "relative pronoun + preposition + 3ms suffix - which in it", "*pĕrî-ʿēṣ*": "noun construct - fruit of tree", "*yihyeh*": "verb, qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - it will be", "*lĕ-ʾoklāh*": "preposition + noun, feminine singular - for food" }, "variants": { "*hinnēh*": "behold/see/look", "*nātattî*": "I give/I gave/I have given", "*yihyeh*": "will be/shall be/is to be", "*ʾoklāh*": "food/nourishment/consumption" } } 30 { "verseID": "Genesis.1.30", "source": "וּֽלְכָל־חַיַּ֣ת הָ֠אָרֶץ וּלְכָל־ע֨וֹף הַשָּׁמַ֜יִם וּלְכֹ֣ל ׀ רוֹמֵ֣שׂ עַל־הָאָ֗רֶץ אֲשֶׁר־בּוֹ֙ נֶ֣פֶשׁ חַיָּ֔ה אֶת־כָּל־יֶ֥רֶק עֵ֖שֶׂב לְאָכְלָ֑ה וַֽיְהִי־כֵֽן׃", "text": "And to all-*ḥayyat* the *ʾāreṣ* and to all-*ʿôp* the *šāmayim* and to all *rômēś* upon the *ʾāreṣ* which-in-him *nepeš* *ḥayyāh* *ʾet*-all-*yereq* *ʿēśeb* for *ʾoklāh* and *wayĕhî*-*kēn*", "grammar": { "*û-lĕ-kol*": "conjunction + preposition + noun - and to all of", "*û-lĕ-kol-ʿôp*": "conjunction + preposition + noun + noun - and to all flying creature of", "*û-lĕ-kōl*": "conjunction + preposition + noun - and to all of", "*rômēś*": "verb, qal participle, masculine singular - creeping/moving", "*ʾăšer-bô*": "relative pronoun + preposition + 3ms suffix - which in it", "*yereq*": "noun, masculine singular construct - greenness of" }, "variants": { "*rômēś*": "creeping/moving/crawling", "*yereq*": "greenness/green plant/vegetation" } }
  • Lev 11:1-9 : 1 { "verseID": "Leviticus.11.1", "source": "וַיְדַבֵּ֧ר יְהוָ֛ה אֶל־מֹשֶׁ֥ה וְאֶֽל־אַהֲרֹ֖ן לֵאמֹ֥ר אֲלֵהֶֽם", "text": "And *wəyədabbēr* *YHWH* unto-*Mōšeh* and unto-*ʾAhărōn* *lēʾmōr* unto-them", "grammar": { "*wəyədabbēr*": "waw consecutive + Piel imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he spoke", "*YHWH*": "proper noun, divine name - Yahweh/LORD", "*Mōšeh*": "proper noun - Moses", "*ʾAhărōn*": "proper noun - Aaron", "*lēʾmōr*": "preposition + Qal infinitive construct - to say/saying", "*ʾĕlēhem*": "preposition + 3rd masculine plural suffix - to/unto them" }, "variants": { "*wəyədabbēr*": "and he spoke/and he said/and he commanded", "*lēʾmōr*": "saying/to say/commanding" } } 2 { "verseID": "Leviticus.11.2", "source": "דַּבְּר֛וּ אֶל־בְּנֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל לֵאמֹ֑ר זֹ֤את הַֽחַיָּה֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר תֹּאכְל֔וּ מִכָּל־הַבְּהֵמָ֖ה אֲשֶׁ֥ר עַל־הָאָֽרֶץ", "text": "*Dabbərū* unto-*bənê* *Yiśrāʾēl* *lēʾmōr* this the-*ḥayyâ* which *tōʾḵəlū* from-all-the-*bəhēmâ* which upon-the-*ʾāreṣ*", "grammar": { "*Dabbərū*": "Piel imperative, 2nd masculine plural - speak/say", "*bənê*": "construct state, masculine plural - sons/children of", "*Yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel", "*lēʾmōr*": "preposition + Qal infinitive construct - to say/saying", "*zōʾt*": "feminine singular demonstrative pronoun - this", "*ha-ḥayyâ*": "definite article + feminine singular noun - the living thing/animal", "*tōʾḵəlū*": "Qal imperfect, 2nd masculine plural - you may eat", "*ha-bəhēmâ*": "definite article + feminine singular noun - the beast/cattle/animal", "*ʾāreṣ*": "feminine singular noun - earth/land/ground" }, "variants": { "*ḥayyâ*": "living thing/animal/creature", "*bəhēmâ*": "beast/cattle/livestock/animal", "*ʾāreṣ*": "earth/land/ground/territory" } } 3 { "verseID": "Leviticus.11.3", "source": "כֹּ֣ל ׀ מַפְרֶ֣סֶת פַּרְסָ֗ה וְשֹׁסַ֤עַת שֶׁ֙סַע֙ פְּרָסֹ֔ת מַעֲלַ֥ת גֵּרָ֖ה בַּבְּהֵמָ֑ה אֹתָ֖הּ תֹּאכֵֽלוּ", "text": "Any *mafreseth* *parsâ* and-*šōsaʿat* *šesaʿ* *pərāsōt* *maʿălat* *gērâ* among-the-*bəhēmâ* it *tōʾḵēlū*", "grammar": { "*kōl*": "noun, construct state - any/all of", "*mafreseth*": "Hifil participle, feminine singular - dividing/having divided", "*parsâ*": "feminine singular noun - hoof", "*wə-šōsaʿat*": "waw conjunction + Qal participle, feminine singular - and cleaving/splitting", "*šesaʿ*": "masculine singular noun - cleft/division", "*pərāsōt*": "feminine plural noun - hooves", "*maʿălat*": "Hifil participle, feminine singular - bringing up/chewing", "*gērâ*": "feminine singular noun - cud", "*ba-bəhēmâ*": "preposition + definite article + feminine singular noun - among the beasts/cattle", "*ʾōtāh*": "direct object marker + 3rd feminine singular suffix - it/that", "*tōʾḵēlū*": "Qal imperfect, 2nd masculine plural - you may eat" }, "variants": { "*mafreseth parsâ*": "parts the hoof/has split hooves", "*šōsaʿat šesaʿ pərāsōt*": "completely splits the hoof/has wholly divided hooves", "*maʿălat gērâ*": "brings up the cud/chews the cud/ruminates" } } 4 { "verseID": "Leviticus.11.4", "source": "אַ֤ךְ אֶת־זֶה֙ לֹ֣א תֹֽאכְל֔וּ מִֽמַּעֲלֵי֙ הַגֵּרָ֔ה וּמִמַּפְרִיסֵ֖י הַפַּרְסָ֑ה אֶֽת־הַ֠גָּמָל כִּֽי־מַעֲלֵ֨ה גֵרָ֜ה ה֗וּא וּפַרְסָה֙ אֵינֶ֣נּוּ מַפְרִ֔יס טָמֵ֥א ה֖וּא לָכֶֽם", "text": "Yet this not *tōʾḵəlū* from-*maʿălê* the-*gērâ* and-from-*mafrîsê* the-*parsâ* the-*gāmāl* for-*maʿălēh* *gērâ* he and-*parsâ* not-he *mafrîs* *ṭāmēʾ* he to-you", "grammar": { "*ʾaḵ*": "restrictive adverb - yet/but/however", "*lōʾ tōʾḵəlū*": "negative particle + Qal imperfect, 2nd masculine plural - you shall not eat", "*mi-maʿălê*": "preposition + Hifil participle, masculine plural construct - from those bringing up", "*ha-gērâ*": "definite article + feminine singular noun - the cud", "*ū-mi-mafrîsê*": "waw conjunction + preposition + Hifil participle, masculine plural construct - and from those dividing", "*ha-parsâ*": "definite article + feminine singular noun - the hoof", "*ha-gāmāl*": "definite article + masculine singular noun - the camel", "*kî-maʿălēh*": "conjunction + Hifil participle, masculine singular - for bringing up", "*gērâ*": "feminine singular noun - cud", "*hūʾ*": "3rd masculine singular independent pronoun - he/it", "*ū-parsâ*": "waw conjunction + feminine singular noun - and hoof", "*ʾênennū*": "negative particle + 3rd masculine singular suffix - he/it is not", "*mafrîs*": "Hifil participle, masculine singular - dividing/splitting", "*ṭāmēʾ*": "adjective, masculine singular - unclean/impure", "*hūʾ*": "3rd masculine singular independent pronoun - he/it", "*lāḵem*": "preposition + 2nd masculine plural suffix - to/for you" }, "variants": { "*gāmāl*": "camel", "*maʿălēh gērâ*": "brings up cud/chews cud/ruminates", "*mafrîs*": "parts/divides/splits", "*ṭāmēʾ*": "unclean/impure/defiled" } } 5 { "verseID": "Leviticus.11.5", "source": "וְאֶת־הַשָּׁפָ֗ן כִּֽי־מַעֲלֵ֤ה גֵרָה֙ ה֔וּא וּפַרְסָ֖ה לֹ֣א יַפְרִ֑יס טָמֵ֥א ה֖וּא לָכֶֽם", "text": "And-the-*šāfān* for-*maʿălēh* *gērâ* he and-*parsâ* not *yafrîs* *ṭāmēʾ* he to-you", "grammar": { "*wə-ʾet-ha-šāfān*": "waw conjunction + direct object marker + definite article + masculine singular noun - and the hyrax/rock badger", "*kî-maʿălēh*": "conjunction + Hifil participle, masculine singular - for bringing up", "*gērâ*": "feminine singular noun - cud", "*hūʾ*": "3rd masculine singular independent pronoun - he/it", "*ū-parsâ*": "waw conjunction + feminine singular noun - and hoof", "*lōʾ yafrîs*": "negative particle + Hifil imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - he does not divide/split", "*ṭāmēʾ*": "adjective, masculine singular - unclean/impure", "*hūʾ*": "3rd masculine singular independent pronoun - he/it", "*lāḵem*": "preposition + 2nd masculine plural suffix - to/for you" }, "variants": { "*šāfān*": "hyrax/rock badger/coney", "*maʿălēh gērâ*": "brings up cud/chews cud/ruminates", "*yafrîs*": "divides/parts/splits [the hoof]" } } 6 { "verseID": "Leviticus.11.6", "source": "וְאֶת־הָאַרְנֶ֗בֶת כִּֽי־מַעֲלַ֤ת גֵּרָה֙ הִ֔וא וּפַרְסָ֖ה לֹ֣א הִפְרִ֑יסָה טְמֵאָ֥ה הִ֖וא לָכֶֽם", "text": "And-the-*ʾarnebeth* for-*maʿălat* *gērâ* she and-*parsâ* not *hifrîsâ* *ṭəmēʾâ* she to-you", "grammar": { "*wə-ʾet-hā-ʾarnebeth*": "waw conjunction + direct object marker + definite article + feminine singular noun - and the hare/rabbit", "*kî-maʿălat*": "conjunction + Hifil participle, feminine singular - for bringing up", "*gērâ*": "feminine singular noun - cud", "*hîʾ*": "3rd feminine singular independent pronoun - she/it", "*ū-parsâ*": "waw conjunction + feminine singular noun - and hoof", "*lōʾ hifrîsâ*": "negative particle + Hifil perfect, 3rd feminine singular - she has not divided/split", "*ṭəmēʾâ*": "adjective, feminine singular - unclean/impure", "*hîʾ*": "3rd feminine singular independent pronoun - she/it", "*lāḵem*": "preposition + 2nd masculine plural suffix - to/for you" }, "variants": { "*ʾarnebeth*": "hare/rabbit", "*maʿălat gērâ*": "brings up cud/chews cud/ruminates", "*hifrîsâ*": "has divided/parted/split [the hoof]" } } 7 { "verseID": "Leviticus.11.7", "source": "וְאֶת־הַ֠חֲזִיר כִּֽי־מַפְרִ֨יס פַּרְסָ֜ה ה֗וּא וְשֹׁסַ֥ע שֶׁ֙סַע֙ פַּרְסָ֔ה וְה֖וּא גֵּרָ֣ה לֹֽא־יִגָּ֑ר טָמֵ֥א ה֖וּא לָכֶֽם", "text": "And-the-*ḥăzîr* for-*mafrîs* *parsâ* he and-*šōsaʿ* *šesaʿ* *parsâ* and-he *gērâ* not-*yiggār* *ṭāmēʾ* he to-you", "grammar": { "*wə-ʾet-ha-ḥăzîr*": "waw conjunction + direct object marker + definite article + masculine singular noun - and the pig/swine", "*kî-mafrîs*": "conjunction + Hifil participle, masculine singular - for dividing/parting", "*parsâ*": "feminine singular noun - hoof", "*hūʾ*": "3rd masculine singular independent pronoun - he/it", "*wə-šōsaʿ*": "waw conjunction + Qal participle, masculine singular - and splitting", "*šesaʿ*": "masculine singular noun - cleft/division", "*parsâ*": "feminine singular noun - hoof", "*wə-hūʾ*": "waw conjunction + 3rd masculine singular independent pronoun - and he/it", "*gērâ*": "feminine singular noun - cud", "*lōʾ-yiggār*": "negative particle + Niphal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - does not chew/bring up", "*ṭāmēʾ*": "adjective, masculine singular - unclean/impure", "*hūʾ*": "3rd masculine singular independent pronoun - he/it", "*lāḵem*": "preposition + 2nd masculine plural suffix - to/for you" }, "variants": { "*ḥăzîr*": "pig/swine/boar", "*mafrîs parsâ*": "divides the hoof/has split hooves", "*šōsaʿ šesaʿ parsâ*": "completely splits the hoof/has wholly divided hooves", "*yiggār*": "chews/brings up/ruminates" } } 8 { "verseID": "Leviticus.11.8", "source": "מִבְּשָׂרָם֙ לֹ֣א תֹאכֵ֔לוּ וּבְנִבְלָתָ֖ם לֹ֣א תִגָּ֑עוּ טְמֵאִ֥ים הֵ֖ם לָכֶֽם", "text": "From-*bəśārām* not *tōʾḵēlū* and-in-*niḇlātām* not *tiggāʿū* *ṭəmēʾîm* they to-you", "grammar": { "*mi-bəśārām*": "preposition + masculine singular noun + 3rd masculine plural suffix - from their flesh/meat", "*lōʾ tōʾḵēlū*": "negative particle + Qal imperfect, 2nd masculine plural - you shall not eat", "*ū-ḇə-niḇlātām*": "waw conjunction + preposition + feminine singular noun + 3rd masculine plural suffix - and in their carcass/dead body", "*lōʾ tiggāʿū*": "negative particle + Qal imperfect, 2nd masculine plural - you shall not touch", "*ṭəmēʾîm*": "adjective, masculine plural - unclean/impure", "*hēm*": "3rd masculine plural independent pronoun - they", "*lāḵem*": "preposition + 2nd masculine plural suffix - to/for you" }, "variants": { "*bəśārām*": "their flesh/their meat/their body", "*niḇlātām*": "their carcass/their dead body/their corpse", "*tiggāʿū*": "you touch/you contact/you handle" } } 9 { "verseID": "Leviticus.11.9", "source": "אֶת־זֶה֙ תֹּֽאכְל֔וּ מִכֹּ֖ל אֲשֶׁ֣ר בַּמָּ֑יִם כֹּ֣ל אֲשֶׁר־לוֹ֩ סְנַפִּ֨יר וְקַשְׂקֶ֜שֶׂת בַּמַּ֗יִם בַּיַּמִּ֛ים וּבַנְּחָלִ֖ים אֹתָ֥ם תֹּאכֵֽלוּ", "text": "This *tōʾḵəlū* from-all which in-the-*mayim* all which-has *sənapîr* and-*qaśqeśet* in-the-*mayim* in-the-*yammîm* and-in-the-*nəḥālîm* them *tōʾḵēlū*", "grammar": { "*ʾet-zeh*": "direct object marker + masculine singular demonstrative pronoun - this", "*tōʾḵəlū*": "Qal imperfect, 2nd masculine plural - you may eat", "*mi-kōl*": "preposition + noun, construct state - from all of", "*ʾăšer*": "relative pronoun - which/that", "*ba-māyim*": "preposition + definite article + masculine plural noun - in the waters", "*kōl*": "noun, construct state - all of", "*ʾăšer-lō*": "relative pronoun + preposition + 3rd masculine singular suffix - which has", "*sənapîr*": "masculine singular noun - fin", "*wə-qaśqeśet*": "waw conjunction + feminine singular noun - and scale", "*ba-mayim*": "preposition + definite article + masculine plural noun - in the waters", "*ba-yammîm*": "preposition + definite article + masculine plural noun - in the seas", "*ū-ḇa-nəḥālîm*": "waw conjunction + preposition + definite article + masculine plural noun - and in the streams/rivers", "*ʾōtām*": "direct object marker + 3rd masculine plural suffix - them", "*tōʾḵēlū*": "Qal imperfect, 2nd masculine plural - you may eat" }, "variants": { "*mayim*": "waters/water", "*sənapîr*": "fin", "*qaśqeśet*": "scale", "*yammîm*": "seas/oceans", "*nəḥālîm*": "streams/rivers/wadis" } } 10 { "verseID": "Leviticus.11.10", "source": "וְכֹל֩ אֲשֶׁ֨ר אֵֽין־ל֜וֹ סְנַפִּ֣יר וְקַשְׂקֶ֗שֶׂת בַּיַּמִּים֙ וּבַנְּחָלִ֔ים מִכֹּל֙ שֶׁ֣רֶץ הַמַּ֔יִם וּמִכֹּ֛ל נֶ֥פֶשׁ הַחַיָּ֖ה אֲשֶׁ֣ר בַּמָּ֑יִם שֶׁ֥קֶץ הֵ֖ם לָכֶֽם", "text": "And-all which not-has *sənapîr* and-*qaśqeśet* in-the-*yammîm* and-in-the-*nəḥālîm* from-all *šereṣ* the-*mayim* and-from-all *nefeš* the-*ḥayyâ* which in-the-*mayim* *šeqeṣ* they to-you", "grammar": { "*wə-ḵōl*": "waw conjunction + noun, construct state - and all of", "*ʾăšer*": "relative pronoun - which/that", "*ʾên-lō*": "negative particle of existence + preposition + 3rd masculine singular suffix - has not", "*sənapîr*": "masculine singular noun - fin", "*wə-qaśqeśet*": "waw conjunction + feminine singular noun - and scale", "*ba-yammîm*": "preposition + definite article + masculine plural noun - in the seas", "*ū-ḇa-nəḥālîm*": "waw conjunction + preposition + definite article + masculine plural noun - and in the streams/rivers", "*mi-kōl*": "preposition + noun, construct state - from all of", "*šereṣ*": "masculine singular noun, construct state - swarming thing of", "*ha-mayim*": "definite article + masculine plural noun - the waters", "*ū-mi-kōl*": "waw conjunction + preposition + noun, construct state - and from all of", "*nefeš*": "feminine singular noun, construct state - living creature of", "*ha-ḥayyâ*": "definite article + feminine singular adjective - the living", "*ʾăšer*": "relative pronoun - which/that", "*ba-māyim*": "preposition + definite article + masculine plural noun - in the waters", "*šeqeṣ*": "masculine singular noun - detestable thing/abomination", "*hēm*": "3rd masculine plural independent pronoun - they", "*lāḵem*": "preposition + 2nd masculine plural suffix - to/for you" }, "variants": { "*šereṣ*": "swarming thing/teeming creature/creeping thing", "*nefeš ha-ḥayyâ*": "living creature/living being/living thing", "*šeqeṣ*": "detestable thing/abomination/loathsome thing" } } 11 { "verseID": "Leviticus.11.11", "source": "וְשֶׁ֖קֶץ יִהְי֣וּ לָכֶ֑ם מִבְּשָׂרָם֙ לֹ֣א תֹאכֵ֔לוּ וְאֶת־נִבְלָתָ֖ם תְּשַׁקֵּֽצוּ", "text": "And-*šeqeṣ* *yihyū* to-you from-*bəśārām* not *tōʾḵēlū* and-their-*niḇlātām* *təšaqqēṣū*", "grammar": { "*wə-šeqeṣ*": "waw conjunction + masculine singular noun - and detestable thing/abomination", "*yihyū*": "Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine plural - they shall be", "*lāḵem*": "preposition + 2nd masculine plural suffix - to/for you", "*mi-bəśārām*": "preposition + masculine singular noun + 3rd masculine plural suffix - from their flesh/meat", "*lōʾ tōʾḵēlū*": "negative particle + Qal imperfect, 2nd masculine plural - you shall not eat", "*wə-ʾet-niḇlātām*": "waw conjunction + direct object marker + feminine singular noun + 3rd masculine plural suffix - and their carcass/dead body", "*təšaqqēṣū*": "Piel imperfect, 2nd masculine plural - you shall detest/abhor" }, "variants": { "*šeqeṣ*": "detestable thing/abomination/loathsome thing", "*bəśārām*": "their flesh/their meat/their body", "*niḇlātām*": "their carcass/their dead body/their corpse", "*təšaqqēṣū*": "detest/abhor/regard as abominable" } } 12 { "verseID": "Leviticus.11.12", "source": "כֹּ֣ל אֲשֶׁ֥ר אֵֽין־ל֛וֹ סְנַפִּ֥יר וְקַשְׂקֶ֖שֶׂת בַּמָּ֑יִם שֶׁ֥קֶץ ה֖וּא לָכֶֽם", "text": "All which not-has *sənapîr* and-*qaśqeśet* in-the-*mayim* *šeqeṣ* he to-you", "grammar": { "*kōl*": "noun, construct state - all of", "*ʾăšer*": "relative pronoun - which/that", "*ʾên-lō*": "negative particle of existence + preposition + 3rd masculine singular suffix - has not", "*sənapîr*": "masculine singular noun - fin", "*wə-qaśqeśet*": "waw conjunction + feminine singular noun - and scale", "*ba-māyim*": "preposition + definite article + masculine plural noun - in the waters", "*šeqeṣ*": "masculine singular noun - detestable thing/abomination", "*hūʾ*": "3rd masculine singular independent pronoun - he/it", "*lāḵem*": "preposition + 2nd masculine plural suffix - to/for you" }, "variants": { "*sənapîr*": "fin", "*qaśqeśet*": "scale", "*mayim*": "waters/water", "*šeqeṣ*": "detestable thing/abomination/loathsome thing" } } 13 { "verseID": "Leviticus.11.13", "source": "וְאֶת־אֵ֙לֶּה֙ תְּשַׁקְּצ֣וּ מִן־הָע֔וֹף לֹ֥א יֵאָכְל֖וּ שֶׁ֣קֶץ הֵ֑ם אֶת־הַנֶּ֙שֶׁר֙ וְאֶת־הַפֶּ֔רֶס וְאֵ֖ת הָעָזְנִיָּֽה", "text": "And-these *təšaqqəṣū* from-the-*ʿôf* not *yēʾāḵəlū* *šeqeṣ* they the-*nešer* and-the-*peres* and the-*ʿāzniyyâ*", "grammar": { "*wə-ʾet-ʾēlleh*": "waw conjunction + direct object marker + demonstrative pronoun, plural - and these", "*təšaqqəṣū*": "Piel imperfect, 2nd masculine plural - you shall detest/abhor", "*min-hā-ʿôf*": "preposition + definite article + masculine singular noun - from the birds/flying creatures", "*lōʾ yēʾāḵəlū*": "negative particle + Niphal imperfect, 3rd masculine plural - they shall not be eaten", "*šeqeṣ*": "masculine singular noun - detestable thing/abomination", "*hēm*": "3rd masculine plural independent pronoun - they", "*ʾet-ha-nešer*": "direct object marker + definite article + masculine singular noun - the eagle/vulture", "*wə-ʾet-ha-peres*": "waw conjunction + direct object marker + definite article + masculine singular noun - and the ossifrage/bearded vulture", "*wə-ʾēt hā-ʿāzniyyâ*": "waw conjunction + direct object marker + definite article + feminine singular noun - and the osprey/black vulture" }, "variants": { "*təšaqqəṣū*": "detest/abhor/regard as abominable", "*ʿôf*": "birds/flying creatures/winged things", "*nešer*": "eagle/vulture/great bird of prey", "*peres*": "ossifrage/bearded vulture/bone-breaker", "*ʿāzniyyâ*": "osprey/black vulture/sea eagle" } } 14 { "verseID": "Leviticus.11.14", "source": "וְאֶת־הַ֨דָּאָ֔ה וְאֶת־הָאַיָּ֖ה לְמִינָֽהּ", "text": "And-the-*dāʾâ* and-the-*ʾayyâ* to-*mînāh*", "grammar": { "*wə-ʾet-ha-dāʾâ*": "waw conjunction + direct object marker + definite article + feminine singular noun - and the kite/vulture", "*wə-ʾet-hā-ʾayyâ*": "waw conjunction + direct object marker + definite article + feminine singular noun - and the falcon/hawk", "*lə-mînāh*": "preposition + feminine singular noun + 3rd feminine singular suffix - according to its kind" }, "variants": { "*dāʾâ*": "kite/vulture/bird of prey", "*ʾayyâ*": "falcon/hawk/bird of prey", "*mînāh*": "its kind/its species/its sort" } } 15 { "verseID": "Leviticus.11.15", "source": "אֵ֥ת כָּל־עֹרֵ֖ב לְמִינֽוֹ", "text": "Every *ʿōrēḇ* to-*mînô*", "grammar": { "*ʾēt kāl-ʿōrēḇ*": "direct object marker + noun, construct state + masculine singular noun - every raven/crow", "*lə-mînô*": "preposition + masculine singular noun + 3rd masculine singular suffix - according to its kind" }, "variants": { "*ʿōrēḇ*": "raven/crow/black bird", "*mînô*": "its kind/its species/its sort" } } 16 { "verseID": "Leviticus.11.16", "source": "וְאֵת֙ בַּ֣ת הַֽיַּעֲנָ֔ה וְאֶת־הַתַּחְמָ֖ס וְאֶת־הַשָּׁ֑חַף וְאֶת־הַנֵּ֖ץ לְמִינֵֽהוּ", "text": "And *bat* the-*yaʿănâ* and-the-*taḥmās* and-the-*šāḥaf* and-the-*nēṣ* to-*mînēhū*", "grammar": { "*wə-ʾēt bat ha-yaʿănâ*": "waw conjunction + direct object marker + feminine singular noun construct + definite article + proper noun - and daughter of the ostrich/owl", "*wə-ʾet-ha-taḥmās*": "waw conjunction + direct object marker + definite article + masculine singular noun - and the night hawk/owl", "*wə-ʾet-ha-šāḥaf*": "waw conjunction + direct object marker + definite article + masculine singular noun - and the cuckoo/seagull", "*wə-ʾet-ha-nēṣ*": "waw conjunction + direct object marker + definite article + masculine singular noun - and the hawk/falcon", "*lə-mînēhū*": "preposition + masculine singular noun + 3rd masculine singular suffix - according to its kind" }, "variants": { "*bat ha-yaʿănâ*": "ostrich/owl/female ostrich", "*taḥmās*": "night hawk/owl/male ostrich", "*šāḥaf*": "cuckoo/seagull/sea bird", "*nēṣ*": "hawk/falcon/bird of prey", "*mînēhū*": "its kind/its species/its sort" } } 17 { "verseID": "Leviticus.11.17", "source": "וְאֶת־הַכּ֥וֹס וְאֶת־הַשָּׁלָ֖ךְ וְאֶת־הַיַּנְשֽׁוּף", "text": "And-the-*kôs* and-the-*šālāḵ* and-the-*yanšûf*", "grammar": { "*wə-ʾet-ha-kôs*": "waw conjunction + direct object marker + definite article + masculine singular noun - and the little owl", "*wə-ʾet-ha-šālāḵ*": "waw conjunction + direct object marker + definite article + masculine singular noun - and the cormorant/fish owl", "*wə-ʾet-ha-yanšûf*": "waw conjunction + direct object marker + definite article + masculine singular noun - and the great owl/ibis" }, "variants": { "*kôs*": "little owl/screech owl", "*šālāḵ*": "cormorant/fish owl/water bird", "*yanšûf*": "great owl/ibis/eared owl" } } 18 { "verseID": "Leviticus.11.18", "source": "וְאֶת־הַתִּנְשֶׁ֥מֶת וְאֶת־הַקָּאָ֖ת וְאֶת־הָרָחָֽם", "text": "And-the-*tinšemet* and-the-*qāʾāt* and-the-*rāḥām*", "grammar": { "*wə-ʾet-ha-tinšemet*": "waw conjunction + direct object marker + definite article + feminine singular noun - and the swan/white owl", "*wə-ʾet-ha-qāʾāt*": "waw conjunction + direct object marker + definite article + feminine singular noun - and the pelican", "*wə-ʾet-hā-rāḥām*": "waw conjunction + direct object marker + definite article + masculine singular noun - and the gier eagle/vulture" }, "variants": { "*tinšemet*": "swan/white owl/water hen", "*qāʾāt*": "pelican/desert owl", "*rāḥām*": "gier eagle/vulture/carrion vulture" } } 19 { "verseID": "Leviticus.11.19", "source": "וְאֵת֙ הַחֲסִידָ֔ה הָאֲנָפָ֖ה לְמִינָ֑הּ וְאֶת־הַדּוּכִיפַ֖ת וְאֶת־הָעֲטַלֵּֽף", "text": "And the-*ḥăsîdâ* the-*ʾănāfâ* to-*mînāh* and-the-*dûḵîfat* and-the-*ʿăṭallēf*", "grammar": { "*wə-ʾēt ha-ḥăsîdâ*": "waw conjunction + direct object marker + definite article + feminine singular noun - and the stork", "*hā-ʾănāfâ*": "definite article + feminine singular noun - the heron", "*lə-mînāh*": "preposition + feminine singular noun + 3rd feminine singular suffix - according to its kind", "*wə-ʾet-ha-dûḵîfat*": "waw conjunction + direct object marker + definite article + masculine singular noun - and the lapwing/hoopoe", "*wə-ʾet-hā-ʿăṭallēf*": "waw conjunction + direct object marker + definite article + masculine singular noun - and the bat" }, "variants": { "*ḥăsîdâ*": "stork/heron", "*ʾănāfâ*": "heron/egret/bird of prey", "*mînāh*": "its kind/its species/its sort", "*dûḵîfat*": "lapwing/hoopoe", "*ʿăṭallēf*": "bat" } } 20 { "verseID": "Leviticus.11.20", "source": "כֹּ֚ל שֶׁ֣רֶץ הָע֔וֹף הַהֹלֵ֖ךְ עַל־אַרְבַּ֑ע שֶׁ֥קֶץ ה֖וּא לָכֶֽם", "text": "All *šereṣ* the-*ʿôf* the-*hōlēḵ* on-four *šeqeṣ* he to-you", "grammar": { "*kōl*": "noun, construct state - all of", "*šereṣ*": "masculine singular noun, construct state - swarming thing of", "*hā-ʿôf*": "definite article + masculine singular noun - the birds/flying creatures", "*ha-hōlēḵ*": "definite article + Qal participle, masculine singular - the walking/going", "*ʿal-ʾarbaʿ*": "preposition + cardinal number - on four", "*šeqeṣ*": "masculine singular noun - detestable thing/abomination", "*hūʾ*": "3rd masculine singular independent pronoun - he/it", "*lāḵem*": "preposition + 2nd masculine plural suffix - to/for you" }, "variants": { "*šereṣ*": "swarming thing/creeping thing/teeming creature", "*ʿôf*": "birds/flying creatures/winged things", "*hōlēḵ*": "walking/going/moving", "*šeqeṣ*": "detestable thing/abomination/loathsome thing" } } 21 { "verseID": "Leviticus.11.21", "source": "אַ֤ךְ אֶת־זֶה֙ תֹּֽאכְל֔וּ מִכֹּל֙ שֶׁ֣רֶץ הָע֔וֹף הַהֹלֵ֖ךְ עַל־אַרְבַּ֑ע אֲשֶׁר־*לא **ל֤וֹ כְרָעַ֙יִם֙ מִמַּ֣עַל לְרַגְלָ֔יו לְנַתֵּ֥ר בָּהֵ֖ן עַל־הָאָֽרֶץ", "text": "Yet this *tōʾḵəlū* from-all *šereṣ* the-*ʿôf* the-*hōlēḵ* on-four which-has *ḵərāʿayim* from-above to-*raḡlāw* to-*nattēr* with-them upon-the-*ʾāreṣ*", "grammar": { "*ʾaḵ*": "restrictive adverb - yet/but/however", "*ʾet-zeh*": "direct object marker + masculine singular demonstrative pronoun - this", "*tōʾḵəlū*": "Qal imperfect, 2nd masculine plural - you may eat", "*mi-kōl*": "preposition + noun, construct state - from all of", "*šereṣ*": "masculine singular noun, construct state - swarming thing of", "*hā-ʿôf*": "definite article + masculine singular noun - the birds/flying creatures", "*ha-hōlēḵ*": "definite article + Qal participle, masculine singular - the walking/going", "*ʿal-ʾarbaʿ*": "preposition + cardinal number - on four", "*ʾăšer-lō*": "relative pronoun + preposition + 3rd masculine singular suffix - which has", "*ḵərāʿayim*": "feminine dual noun - legs/jointed legs", "*mi-maʿal*": "preposition + adverb - from above", "*lə-raḡlāw*": "preposition + feminine plural noun + 3rd masculine singular suffix - to its feet", "*lə-nattēr*": "preposition + Piel infinitive construct - to leap/jump", "*bāhēn*": "preposition + 3rd feminine plural suffix - with them", "*ʿal-hā-ʾāreṣ*": "preposition + definite article + feminine singular noun - upon the earth/ground" }, "variants": { "*šereṣ*": "swarming thing/creeping thing/teeming creature", "*ʿôf*": "birds/flying creatures/winged things", "*hōlēḵ*": "walking/going/moving", "*ḵərāʿayim*": "legs/jointed legs/knee joints", "*raḡlāw*": "its feet/its legs", "*nattēr*": "to leap/to jump/to spring", "*ʾāreṣ*": "earth/land/ground" } } 22 { "verseID": "Leviticus.11.22", "source": "אֶת־אֵ֤לֶּה מֵהֶם֙ תֹּאכֵ֔לוּ אֶת־הֽ͏ָאַרְבֶּ֣ה לְמִינ֔וֹ וְאֶת־הַסָּלְעָ֖ם לְמִינֵ֑הוּ וְאֶת־הַחַרְגֹּ֣ל לְמִינֵ֔הוּ וְאֶת־הֶחָגָ֖ב לְמִינֵֽהוּ׃", "text": "*ʾēt-ʾēlleh* from them *tōʾḵēlû* *ʾēt-hāʾarbeh* to its *mîn*, *wəʾēt-hassāləʿām* to its *mîn*, *wəʾēt-haḥargōl* to its *mîn*, and *ʾēt-heḥāgāb* to its *mîn*.", "grammar": { "*ʾēt*": "direct object marker", "*ʾēlleh*": "demonstrative pronoun, 'these'", "*mēhem*": "preposition + 3rd masculine plural suffix, 'from/of them'", "*tōʾḵēlû*": "qal imperfect, 2nd masculine plural, 'you shall eat'", "*hāʾarbeh*": "definite article + masculine noun, 'the locust'", "*ləmînô*": "preposition + masculine noun + 3rd masculine singular suffix, 'according to its kind'", "*wə*": "conjunction, 'and'", "*hassāləʿām*": "definite article + masculine noun, 'the bald locust/cricket'", "*ləmînēhû*": "preposition + masculine noun + 3rd masculine singular suffix, 'according to its kind'", "*haḥargōl*": "definite article + masculine noun, 'the cricket/beetle'", "*heḥāgāb*": "definite article + masculine noun, 'the grasshopper'" }, "variants": { "*ʾarbeh*": "locust, type of flying insect", "*sāləʿām*": "bald locust, potentially a type of cricket", "*ḥargōl*": "cricket, beetle, type of edible insect", "*ḥāgāb*": "grasshopper, locust, type of edible insect", "*mîn*": "kind, species, category" } } 23 { "verseID": "Leviticus.11.23", "source": "וְכֹל֙ שֶׁ֣רֶץ הָע֔וֹף אֲשֶׁר־ל֖וֹ אַרְבַּ֣ע רַגְלָ֑יִם שֶׁ֥קֶץ ה֖וּא לָכֶֽם׃", "text": "And all *šereṣ* of the *ʿôp* which has four *raglayim*, *šeqeṣ* *hûʾ* to you.", "grammar": { "*wəḵōl*": "conjunction + construct noun, 'and all/every'", "*šereṣ*": "masculine singular noun in construct, 'swarming thing/creeping thing'", "*hāʿôp*": "definite article + masculine singular noun, 'the flying creature/bird'", "*ʾăšer-lô*": "relative pronoun + preposition with 3rd masculine singular suffix, 'which has'", "*ʾarbaʿ*": "numeral, 'four'", "*raglayim*": "feminine dual noun, 'feet/legs'", "*šeqeṣ*": "masculine singular noun, 'detestable thing/abomination'", "*hûʾ*": "3rd masculine singular pronoun, 'it (is)'", "*lāḵem*": "preposition with 2nd masculine plural suffix, 'to/for you'" }, "variants": { "*šereṣ*": "swarming thing, creeping thing, crawling creature", "*ʿôp*": "flying creature, bird, winged insect", "*raglayim*": "feet, legs (dual form)", "*šeqeṣ*": "detestable thing, abomination, ritually unclean" } } 24 { "verseID": "Leviticus.11.24", "source": "וּלְאֵ֖לֶּה תִּטַּמָּ֑אוּ כָּל־הַנֹּגֵ֥עַ בְּנִבְלָתָ֖ם יִטְמָ֥א עַד־הָעָֽרֶב׃", "text": "And by *ʾēlleh* you shall *tiṭṭammāʾû*, all *hannōgēaʿ* with their *nəbēlâ* shall *yiṭmāʾ* until the *ʿāreb*.", "grammar": { "*ûləʾēlleh*": "conjunction + preposition + demonstrative pronoun, 'and by these'", "*tiṭṭammāʾû*": "hitpael imperfect, 2nd masculine plural, 'you shall become unclean'", "*kol*": "noun in construct, 'all/every'", "*hannōgēaʿ*": "definite article + qal participle masculine singular, 'the one touching'", "*bənibəlâtām*": "preposition + feminine singular noun + 3rd masculine plural suffix, 'with their carcass'", "*yiṭmāʾ*": "qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular, 'he shall be unclean'", "*ʿad-hāʿāreb*": "preposition + definite article + masculine singular noun, 'until the evening'" }, "variants": { "*tiṭṭammāʾû*": "become unclean, be defiled, be ritually impure", "*nōgēaʿ*": "one touching, one who comes in contact with", "*nəbēlâ*": "carcass, dead body, corpse", "*yiṭmāʾ*": "be unclean, be impure, be defiled", "*ʿāreb*": "evening, sunset" } } 25 { "verseID": "Leviticus.11.25", "source": "וְכָל־הַנֹּשֵׂ֖א מִנִּבְלָתָ֑ם יְכַבֵּ֥ס בְּגָדָ֖יו וְטָמֵ֥א עַד־הָעָֽרֶב׃", "text": "And all *hannōśēʾ* from their *nəbēlâ* shall *yəḵabbēs* his *bəgādîm* and shall be *ṭāmēʾ* until the *ʿāreb*.", "grammar": { "*wəḵol*": "conjunction + noun in construct, 'and all/every'", "*hannōśēʾ*": "definite article + qal participle masculine singular, 'the one carrying/bearing'", "*minnibəlātām*": "preposition + feminine singular noun + 3rd masculine plural suffix, 'from their carcass'", "*yəḵabbēs*": "piel imperfect, 3rd masculine singular, 'he shall wash'", "*bəgādāyw*": "masculine plural noun + 3rd masculine singular suffix, 'his clothes/garments'", "*wəṭāmēʾ*": "conjunction + adjective masculine singular, 'and unclean'", "*ʿad-hāʿāreb*": "preposition + definite article + masculine singular noun, 'until the evening'" }, "variants": { "*nōśēʾ*": "one carrying, one bearing, one who lifts", "*nəbēlâ*": "carcass, dead body, corpse", "*yəḵabbēs*": "wash, cleanse, launder", "*bəgādîm*": "clothes, garments, vestments", "*ṭāmēʾ*": "unclean, impure, defiled", "*ʿāreb*": "evening, sunset" } } 26 { "verseID": "Leviticus.11.26", "source": "לְֽכָל־הַבְּהֵמָ֡ה אֲשֶׁ֣ר הִוא֩ מַפְרֶ֨סֶת פַּרְסָ֜ה וְשֶׁ֣סַע ׀ אֵינֶ֣נָּה שֹׁסַ֗עַת וְגֵרָה֙ אֵינֶ֣נָּה מַעֲלָ֔ה טְמֵאִ֥ים הֵ֖ם לָכֶ֑ם כָּל־הַנֹּגֵ֥עַ בָּהֶ֖ם יִטְמָֽא׃", "text": "For all the *bəhēmâ* which *hîʾ* *mapreset* *parsâ* but *šesaʿ* is not *šōsaʿat* and *gērâ* is not *maʿălâ*, *ṭəmēʾîm* they are to you; all *hannōgēaʿ* with them shall *yiṭmāʾ*.", "grammar": { "*ləḵol*": "preposition + noun in construct, 'for all/every'", "*habbəhēmâ*": "definite article + feminine singular noun, 'the animal/beast/cattle'", "*ʾăšer*": "relative pronoun, 'which'", "*hîʾ*": "3rd feminine singular pronoun, 'it/she'", "*mapreset*": "hiphil participle feminine singular, 'dividing/splitting'", "*parsâ*": "feminine singular noun, 'hoof'", "*wəšesaʿ*": "conjunction + masculine singular noun, 'and cleft/split'", "*ʾênennâ*": "negative particle + 3rd feminine singular suffix, 'is not'", "*šōsaʿat*": "qal participle feminine singular, 'cleaving/dividing'", "*wəgērâ*": "conjunction + feminine singular noun, 'and cud'", "*maʿălâ*": "hiphil participle feminine singular, 'bringing up/raising'", "*ṭəmēʾîm*": "adjective masculine plural, 'unclean'", "*hēm*": "3rd masculine plural pronoun, 'they'", "*lāḵem*": "preposition + 2nd masculine plural suffix, 'to/for you'", "*kol*": "noun in construct, 'all/every'", "*hannōgēaʿ*": "definite article + qal participle masculine singular, 'the one touching'", "*bāhem*": "preposition + 3rd masculine plural suffix, 'with them'", "*yiṭmāʾ*": "qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular, 'he shall be unclean'" }, "variants": { "*bəhēmâ*": "animal, beast, cattle, livestock", "*mapreset parsâ*": "having divided hooves, having split hooves", "*šesaʿ*": "cleft, division, split", "*šōsaʿat*": "cleaving, splitting completely", "*gērâ*": "cud (food brought up to be chewed again)", "*maʿălâ*": "bringing up, raising, elevating (referring to rumination)", "*ṭəmēʾîm*": "unclean, impure, defiled" } } 27 { "verseID": "Leviticus.11.27", "source": "וְכֹ֣ל ׀ הוֹלֵ֣ךְ עַל־כַּפָּ֗יו בְּכָל־הַֽחַיָּה֙ הַהֹלֶ֣כֶת עַל־אַרְבַּ֔ע טְמֵאִ֥ים הֵ֖ם לָכֶ֑ם כָּל־הַנֹּגֵ֥עַ בְּנִבְלָתָ֖ם יִטְמָ֥א עַד־הָעָֽרֶב׃", "text": "And all *hôlēḵ* upon its *kappāyw* among all the *ḥayyâ* *hahōleḵet* upon four, *ṭəmēʾîm* they are to you; all *hannōgēaʿ* with their *nəbēlâ* shall *yiṭmāʾ* until the *ʿāreb*.", "grammar": { "*wəḵōl*": "conjunction + noun in construct, 'and all/every'", "*hôlēḵ*": "qal participle masculine singular, 'walking/going'", "*ʿal-kappāyw*": "preposition + feminine dual noun + 3rd masculine singular suffix, 'upon its paws'", "*bəḵol*": "preposition + noun in construct, 'among all'", "*haḥayyâ*": "definite article + feminine singular noun, 'the living thing/beast'", "*hahōleḵet*": "definite article + qal participle feminine singular, 'the walking/going'", "*ʿal-ʾarbaʿ*": "preposition + numeral, 'upon four (legs)'", "*ṭəmēʾîm*": "adjective masculine plural, 'unclean'", "*hēm*": "3rd masculine plural pronoun, 'they'", "*lāḵem*": "preposition + 2nd masculine plural suffix, 'to/for you'", "*kol*": "noun in construct, 'all/every'", "*hannōgēaʿ*": "definite article + qal participle masculine singular, 'the one touching'", "*bənibəlātām*": "preposition + feminine singular noun + 3rd masculine plural suffix, 'with their carcass'", "*yiṭmāʾ*": "qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular, 'he shall be unclean'", "*ʿad-hāʿāreb*": "preposition + definite article + masculine singular noun, 'until the evening'" }, "variants": { "*hôlēḵ*": "walking, going, moving", "*kappāyw*": "paws, hands, palms (dual form)", "*ḥayyâ*": "living thing, animal, beast, creature", "*hahōleḵet*": "the one walking, moving creature", "*ṭəmēʾîm*": "unclean, impure, defiled", "*nəbēlâ*": "carcass, dead body, corpse" } } 28 { "verseID": "Leviticus.11.28", "source": "וְהַנֹּשֵׂא֙ אֶת־נִבְלָתָ֔ם יְכַבֵּ֥ס בְּגָדָ֖יו וְטָמֵ֣א עַד־הָעָ֑רֶב טְמֵאִ֥ים הֵ֖מָּה לָכֶֽם׃ ס", "text": "And *hannōśēʾ* *ʾet-nibəlātām* shall *yəḵabbēs* his *bəgādîm* and shall be *ṭāmēʾ* until the *ʿāreb*; *ṭəmēʾîm* they are to you.", "grammar": { "*wəhannōśēʾ*": "conjunction + definite article + qal participle masculine singular, 'and the one carrying/bearing'", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*nibəlātām*": "feminine singular noun + 3rd masculine plural suffix, 'their carcass'", "*yəḵabbēs*": "piel imperfect, 3rd masculine singular, 'he shall wash'", "*bəgādāyw*": "masculine plural noun + 3rd masculine singular suffix, 'his clothes/garments'", "*wəṭāmēʾ*": "conjunction + adjective masculine singular, 'and unclean'", "*ʿad-hāʿāreb*": "preposition + definite article + masculine singular noun, 'until the evening'", "*ṭəmēʾîm*": "adjective masculine plural, 'unclean'", "*hēmmâ*": "3rd masculine plural pronoun (emphatic form), 'they'", "*lāḵem*": "preposition + 2nd masculine plural suffix, 'to/for you'" }, "variants": { "*nōśēʾ*": "one carrying, one bearing, one who lifts", "*nəbēlâ*": "carcass, dead body, corpse", "*yəḵabbēs*": "wash, cleanse, launder", "*bəgādîm*": "clothes, garments, vestments", "*ṭāmēʾ*": "unclean, impure, defiled", "*ṭəmēʾîm*": "unclean, impure, defiled (plural)" } } 29 { "verseID": "Leviticus.11.29", "source": "וְזֶ֤ה לָכֶם֙ הַטָּמֵ֔א בַּשֶּׁ֖רֶץ הַשֹּׁרֵ֣ץ עַל־הָאָ֑רֶץ הַחֹ֥לֶד וְהָעַכְבָּ֖ר וְהַצָּ֥ב לְמִינֵֽהוּ׃", "text": "And this to you the *ṭāmēʾ* among the *šereṣ* *haššōrēṣ* upon the *ʾāreṣ*: the *ḥōled* and the *ʿaḵbār* and the *ṣāb* to its *mîn*.", "grammar": { "*wəzeh*": "conjunction + demonstrative pronoun masculine singular, 'and this'", "*lāḵem*": "preposition + 2nd masculine plural suffix, 'to/for you'", "*haṭṭāmēʾ*": "definite article + adjective masculine singular, 'the unclean'", "*baššereṣ*": "preposition + definite article + masculine singular noun, 'among the swarming thing'", "*haššōrēṣ*": "definite article + qal participle masculine singular, 'the swarming/teaming'", "*ʿal-hāʾāreṣ*": "preposition + definite article + feminine singular noun, 'upon the earth/ground'", "*haḥōled*": "definite article + masculine singular noun, 'the mole/weasel'", "*wəhāʿaḵbār*": "conjunction + definite article + masculine singular noun, 'and the mouse'", "*wəhaṣṣāb*": "conjunction + definite article + masculine singular noun, 'and the lizard/tortoise'", "*ləmînēhû*": "preposition + masculine singular noun + 3rd masculine singular suffix, 'according to its kind'" }, "variants": { "*ṭāmēʾ*": "unclean, impure, defiled", "*šereṣ*": "swarming thing, creeping thing, small moving creature", "*šōrēṣ*": "swarming, teaming, moving in large numbers", "*ʾāreṣ*": "earth, ground, land", "*ḥōled*": "mole, weasel, rat (uncertain identification)", "*ʿaḵbār*": "mouse, rat", "*ṣāb*": "lizard, tortoise (uncertain identification)", "*mîn*": "kind, species, category" } } 30 { "verseID": "Leviticus.11.30", "source": "וְהָאֲנָקָ֥ה וְהַכֹּ֖חַ וְהַלְּטָאָ֑ה וְהַחֹ֖מֶט וְהַתִּנְשָֽׁמֶת׃", "text": "And the *ʾănāqâ* and the *kōaḥ* and the *ləṭāʾâ* and the *ḥōmeṭ* and the *tinšāmet*.", "grammar": { "*wəhāʾănāqâ*": "conjunction + definite article + feminine singular noun, 'and the gecko/ferret'", "*wəhakkōaḥ*": "conjunction + definite article + masculine singular noun, 'and the monitor lizard/chameleon'", "*wəhalləṭāʾâ*": "conjunction + definite article + feminine singular noun, 'and the lizard'", "*wəhaḥōmeṭ*": "conjunction + definite article + masculine singular noun, 'and the sand lizard/snail'", "*wəhattinšāmet*": "conjunction + definite article + feminine singular noun, 'and the chameleon/mole'" }, "variants": { "*ʾănāqâ*": "gecko, ferret, shrew (uncertain identification)", "*kōaḥ*": "monitor lizard, chameleon, type of lizard (uncertain identification)", "*ləṭāʾâ*": "lizard, type of reptile", "*ḥōmeṭ*": "sand lizard, snail, type of reptile (uncertain identification)", "*tinšāmet*": "chameleon, mole, type of reptile (uncertain identification)" } } 31 { "verseID": "Leviticus.11.31", "source": "אֵ֛לֶּה הַטְּמֵאִ֥ים לָכֶ֖ם בְּכָל־הַשָּׁ֑רֶץ כָּל־הַנֹּגֵ֧עַ בָּהֶ֛ם בְּמֹתָ֖ם יִטְמָ֥א עַד־הָעָֽרֶב׃", "text": "*ʾēlleh* the *ṭəmēʾîm* to you among all the *šāreṣ*; all *hannōgēaʿ* with them in their *môt* shall *yiṭmāʾ* until the *ʿāreb*.", "grammar": { "*ʾēlleh*": "demonstrative pronoun plural, 'these'", "*haṭṭəmēʾîm*": "definite article + adjective masculine plural, 'the unclean ones'", "*lāḵem*": "preposition + 2nd masculine plural suffix, 'to/for you'", "*bəḵol*": "preposition + noun in construct, 'among all'", "*haššāreṣ*": "definite article + masculine singular noun, 'the swarming thing'", "*kol*": "noun in construct, 'all/every'", "*hannōgēaʿ*": "definite article + qal participle masculine singular, 'the one touching'", "*bāhem*": "preposition + 3rd masculine plural suffix, 'with them'", "*bəmōtām*": "preposition + infinitive construct + 3rd masculine plural suffix, 'in their death/when they are dead'", "*yiṭmāʾ*": "qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular, 'he shall be unclean'", "*ʿad-hāʿāreb*": "preposition + definite article + masculine singular noun, 'until the evening'" }, "variants": { "*ṭəmēʾîm*": "unclean, impure, defiled (plural)", "*šāreṣ*": "swarming thing, creeping thing, small moving creature", "*nōgēaʿ*": "one touching, one who comes in contact with", "*môt*": "death, dying, deadness", "*yiṭmāʾ*": "be unclean, be impure, be defiled", "*ʿāreb*": "evening, sunset" } } 32 { "verseID": "Leviticus.11.32", "source": "וְכֹ֣ל אֲשֶׁר־יִפֹּל־עָלָיו֩ מֵהֶ֨ם ׀ בְּמֹתָ֜ם יִטְמָ֗א מִכָּל־כְּלִי־עֵץ֙ א֣וֹ בֶ֤גֶד אוֹ־עוֹר֙ א֣וֹ שָׂ֔ק כָּל־כְּלִ֕י אֲשֶׁר־יֵעָשֶׂ֥ה מְלָאכָ֖ה בָּהֶ֑ם בַּמַּ֧יִם יוּבָ֛א וְטָמֵ֥א עַד־הָעֶ֖רֶב וְטָהֵֽר׃", "text": "And all upon which *yippōl* any of them in their *môt* shall *yiṭmāʾ*, from all *kəlî* of *ʿēṣ* or *beged* or *ʿôr* or *śāq*, any *kəlî* in which *yēʿāśeh* *məlāʾḵâ*; in the *mayim* it shall *yûbāʾ* and be *ṭāmēʾ* until the *ʿāreb* and then *ṭāhēr*.", "grammar": { "*wəḵōl*": "conjunction + noun in construct, 'and all/every'", "*ʾăšer-yippōl-ʿālāyw*": "relative pronoun + qal imperfect 3ms + preposition with 3ms suffix, 'upon which falls'", "*mēhem*": "preposition + 3rd masculine plural suffix, 'from them'", "*bəmōtām*": "preposition + infinitive construct + 3rd masculine plural suffix, 'in their death/when they are dead'", "*yiṭmāʾ*": "qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular, 'it shall be unclean'", "*mikkol*": "preposition + noun in construct, 'from all'", "*kəlî-ʿēṣ*": "masculine singular noun in construct + masculine singular noun, 'vessel of wood'", "*ʾô*": "conjunction, 'or'", "*beged*": "masculine singular noun, 'garment/cloth'", "*ʿôr*": "masculine singular noun, 'skin/leather'", "*śāq*": "masculine singular noun, 'sackcloth'", "*kol-kəlî*": "noun in construct + masculine singular noun, 'every vessel'", "*ʾăšer-yēʿāśeh*": "relative pronoun + niphal imperfect 3ms, 'which is done/performed'", "*məlāʾḵâ*": "feminine singular noun, 'work/labor'", "*bāhem*": "preposition + 3rd masculine plural suffix, 'with them'", "*bammayim*": "preposition + definite article + masculine plural noun, 'in the water'", "*yûbāʾ*": "hophal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular, 'it shall be brought/put'", "*wəṭāmēʾ*": "conjunction + adjective masculine singular, 'and unclean'", "*ʿad-hāʿereb*": "preposition + definite article + masculine singular noun, 'until the evening'", "*wəṭāhēr*": "conjunction + qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular, 'and it shall be clean'" }, "variants": { "*yippōl*": "fall, drop, come upon", "*môt*": "death, dying, deadness", "*yiṭmāʾ*": "be unclean, be impure, be defiled", "*kəlî*": "vessel, utensil, article, object", "*ʿēṣ*": "wood, tree, timber", "*beged*": "garment, clothing, cloth", "*ʿôr*": "skin, hide, leather", "*śāq*": "sackcloth, sack, coarse cloth", "*yēʿāśeh*": "is done, is performed, is used", "*məlāʾḵâ*": "work, business, occupation, craftsmanship", "*mayim*": "water, waters, liquid", "*yûbāʾ*": "be brought, be put, be placed", "*ṭāmēʾ*": "unclean, impure, defiled", "*ṭāhēr*": "be clean, be pure, be cleansed" } } 33 { "verseID": "Leviticus.11.33", "source": "וְכָל־כְּלִי־חֶ֔רֶשׂ אֲשֶׁר־יִפֹּ֥ל מֵהֶ֖ם אֶל־תּוֹכ֑וֹ כֹּ֣ל אֲשֶׁ֧ר בְּתוֹכ֛וֹ יִטְמָ֖א וְאֹת֥וֹ תִשְׁבֹּֽרוּ׃", "text": "And any *kəlî* of *ḥereś* into which *yippōl* any of them into its *tôḵ*, all which is in its *tôḵ* shall *yiṭmāʾ*, and *ʾōtô* you shall *tišbōrû*.", "grammar": { "*wəḵol*": "conjunction + noun in construct, 'and every/all'", "*kəlî-ḥereś*": "masculine singular noun in construct + masculine singular noun, 'vessel of earthenware'", "*ʾăšer-yippōl*": "relative pronoun + qal imperfect 3ms, 'into which falls'", "*mēhem*": "preposition + 3rd masculine plural suffix, 'from them'", "*ʾel-tôḵô*": "preposition + masculine singular noun + 3ms suffix, 'into its midst/inside'", "*kōl*": "noun in construct, 'all/every'", "*ʾăšer*": "relative pronoun, 'which'", "*bətôḵô*": "preposition + masculine singular noun + 3ms suffix, 'in its midst/inside'", "*yiṭmāʾ*": "qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular, 'it shall be unclean'", "*wəʾōtô*": "conjunction + direct object marker + 3ms suffix, 'and it'", "*tišbōrû*": "qal imperfect, 2nd masculine plural, 'you shall break'" }, "variants": { "*kəlî*": "vessel, utensil, article, object", "*ḥereś*": "earthenware, pottery, clay", "*yippōl*": "fall, drop, come upon", "*tôḵ*": "middle, midst, inside", "*yiṭmāʾ*": "be unclean, be impure, be defiled", "*tišbōrû*": "break, shatter, smash" } } 34 { "verseID": "Leviticus.11.34", "source": "מִכָּל־הָאֹ֜כֶל אֲשֶׁ֣ר יֵאָכֵ֗ל אֲשֶׁ֨ר יָב֥וֹא עָלָ֛יו מַ֖יִם יִטְמָ֑א וְכָל־מַשְׁקֶה֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר יִשָּׁתֶ֔ה בְּכָל־כְּלִ֖י יִטְמָֽא׃", "text": "From all the *ʾōḵel* which *yēʾāḵēl*, upon which *yābôʾ* *mayim*, it shall *yiṭmāʾ*; and all *mašqeh* which *yiššāteh* in any *kəlî* shall *yiṭmāʾ*.", "grammar": { "*mikkol*": "preposition + noun in construct, 'from all'", "*hāʾōḵel*": "definite article + masculine singular noun, 'the food'", "*ʾăšer*": "relative pronoun, 'which'", "*yēʾāḵēl*": "niphal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular, 'is eaten'", "*ʾăšer*": "relative pronoun, 'which'", "*yābôʾ*": "qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular, 'comes/enters'", "*ʿālāyw*": "preposition + 3rd masculine singular suffix, 'upon it'", "*mayim*": "masculine plural noun, 'water'", "*yiṭmāʾ*": "qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular, 'it shall be unclean'", "*wəḵol*": "conjunction + noun in construct, 'and all'", "*mašqeh*": "masculine singular noun, 'drink/beverage'", "*ʾăšer*": "relative pronoun, 'which'", "*yiššāteh*": "niphal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular, 'is drunk'", "*bəḵol*": "preposition + noun in construct, 'in any'", "*kəlî*": "masculine singular noun, 'vessel'", "*yiṭmāʾ*": "qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular, 'it shall be unclean'" }, "variants": { "*ʾōḵel*": "food, nourishment, meal", "*yēʾāḵēl*": "is eaten, can be eaten, may be eaten", "*yābôʾ*": "comes, enters, arrives", "*mayim*": "water, waters, liquid", "*yiṭmāʾ*": "be unclean, be impure, be defiled", "*mašqeh*": "drink, beverage, liquid", "*yiššāteh*": "is drunk, can be drunk, may be drunk", "*kəlî*": "vessel, utensil, article, object" } } 35 { "verseID": "Leviticus.11.35", "source": "וְ֠כֹל אֲשֶׁר־יִפֹּ֨ל מִנִּבְלָתָ֥ם ׀ עָלָיו֮ יִטְמָא֒ תַּנּ֧וּר וְכִירַ֛יִם יֻתָּ֖ץ טְמֵאִ֣ים הֵ֑ם וּטְמֵאִ֖ים יִהְי֥וּ לָכֶֽם׃", "text": "And all upon which *yippōl* from their *nəbēlâ* shall *yiṭmāʾ*; *tannûr* and *kîrayim* shall *yuttāṣ*, *ṭəmēʾîm* they are, and *ṭəmēʾîm* they shall *yihyû* to you.", "grammar": { "*wəḵōl*": "conjunction + noun in construct, 'and all/every'", "*ʾăšer-yippōl*": "relative pronoun + qal imperfect 3ms, 'upon which falls'", "*minnibəlātām*": "preposition + feminine singular noun + 3rd masculine plural suffix, 'from their carcass'", "*ʿālāyw*": "preposition + 3rd masculine singular suffix, 'upon it'", "*yiṭmāʾ*": "qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular, 'it shall be unclean'", "*tannûr*": "masculine singular noun, 'oven'", "*wəḵîrayim*": "conjunction + feminine dual noun, 'and cooking stove'", "*yuttāṣ*": "hophal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular, 'it shall be broken down'", "*ṭəmēʾîm*": "adjective masculine plural, 'unclean'", "*hēm*": "3rd masculine plural pronoun, 'they'", "*ûṭəmēʾîm*": "conjunction + adjective masculine plural, 'and unclean'", "*yihyû*": "qal imperfect, 3rd masculine plural, 'they shall be'", "*lāḵem*": "preposition + 2nd masculine plural suffix, 'to/for you'" }, "variants": { "*yippōl*": "fall, drop, come upon", "*nəbēlâ*": "carcass, dead body, corpse", "*yiṭmāʾ*": "be unclean, be impure, be defiled", "*tannûr*": "oven, furnace, fire-pot", "*kîrayim*": "stove, cooking range, hearth (dual form)", "*yuttāṣ*": "be pulled down, be torn down, be destroyed", "*ṭəmēʾîm*": "unclean, impure, defiled (plural)", "*yihyû*": "will be, shall be, become" } } 36 { "verseID": "Leviticus.11.36", "source": "אַ֣ךְ מַעְיָ֥ן וּב֛וֹר מִקְוֵה־מַ֖יִם יִהְיֶ֣ה טָה֑וֹר וְנֹגֵ֥עַ בְּנִבְלָתָ֖ם יִטְמָֽא׃", "text": "Surely *maʿyān* and *bôr* of *miqwēh*-*mayim* shall *yihyeh* *ṭāhôr*; but *nōgēaʿ* with their *nəbēlâ* shall *yiṭmāʾ*.", "grammar": { "*ʾaḵ*": "adverb, 'surely/only/nevertheless'", "*maʿyān*": "masculine singular noun, 'spring/fountain'", "*ûbôr*": "conjunction + masculine singular noun, 'and cistern/pit'", "*miqwēh-mayim*": "masculine singular construct + masculine plural noun, 'gathering of water'", "*yihyeh*": "qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular, 'it shall be'", "*ṭāhôr*": "adjective masculine singular, 'clean/pure'", "*wənōgēaʿ*": "conjunction + qal participle masculine singular, 'but one touching'", "*bənibəlātām*": "preposition + feminine singular noun + 3rd masculine plural suffix, 'with their carcass'", "*yiṭmāʾ*": "qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular, 'he shall be unclean'" }, "variants": { "*maʿyān*": "spring, fountain, source of water", "*bôr*": "cistern, pit, well", "*miqwēh*": "collection, gathering, reservoir", "*mayim*": "water, waters, liquid", "*yihyeh*": "will be, shall be, become", "*ṭāhôr*": "clean, pure, undefiled", "*nōgēaʿ*": "one touching, one who comes in contact with", "*nəbēlâ*": "carcass, dead body, corpse", "*yiṭmāʾ*": "be unclean, be impure, be defiled" } } 37 { "verseID": "Leviticus.11.37", "source": "וְכִ֤י יִפֹּל֙ מִנִּבְלָתָ֔ם עַל־כָּל־זֶ֥רַע זֵר֖וּעַ אֲשֶׁ֣ר יִזָּרֵ֑עַ טָה֖וֹר הֽוּא׃", "text": "And if *yippōl* from their *nəbēlâ* upon any *zeraʿ* *zērûaʿ* which *yizzārēaʿ*, *ṭāhôr* *hûʾ*.", "grammar": { "*wəḵî*": "conjunction + particle, 'and if'", "*yippōl*": "qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular, 'it falls'", "*minnibəlātām*": "preposition + feminine singular noun + 3rd masculine plural suffix, 'from their carcass'", "*ʿal-kol*": "preposition + noun in construct, 'upon any'", "*zeraʿ*": "masculine singular noun, 'seed'", "*zērûaʿ*": "qal passive participle, masculine singular, 'sown'", "*ʾăšer*": "relative pronoun, 'which'", "*yizzārēaʿ*": "niphal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular, 'is sown'", "*ṭāhôr*": "adjective masculine singular, 'clean'", "*hûʾ*": "3rd masculine singular pronoun, 'it'" }, "variants": { "*yippōl*": "fall, drop, come upon", "*nəbēlâ*": "carcass, dead body, corpse", "*zeraʿ*": "seed, sowing, offspring", "*zērûaʿ*": "sown, planted", "*yizzārēaʿ*": "is sown, is planted, is scattered (as seed)", "*ṭāhôr*": "clean, pure, undefiled" } } 38 { "verseID": "Leviticus.11.38", "source": "וְכִ֤י יֻתַּן־מַ֙יִם֙ עַל־זֶ֔רַע וְנָפַ֥ל מִנִּבְלָתָ֖ם עָלָ֑יו טָמֵ֥א ה֖וּא לָכֶֽם׃ ס", "text": "And if *yuttan*-*mayim* upon *zeraʿ* and *nāpal* from their *nəbēlâ* upon it, *ṭāmēʾ* *hûʾ* to you.", "grammar": { "*wəḵî*": "conjunction + particle, 'and if'", "*yuttan-mayim*": "qal imperfect passive, 3rd masculine singular + masculine plural noun, 'water is put'", "*ʿal-zeraʿ*": "preposition + masculine singular noun, 'upon seed'", "*wənāpal*": "conjunction + qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular, 'and falls'", "*minnibəlātām*": "preposition + feminine singular noun + 3rd masculine plural suffix, 'from their carcass'", "*ʿālāyw*": "preposition + 3rd masculine singular suffix, 'upon it'", "*ṭāmēʾ*": "adjective masculine singular, 'unclean'", "*hûʾ*": "3rd masculine singular pronoun, 'it'", "*lāḵem*": "preposition + 2nd masculine plural suffix, 'to/for you'" }, "variants": { "*yuttan*": "is given, is put, is placed", "*mayim*": "water, waters, liquid", "*zeraʿ*": "seed, sowing, offspring", "*nāpal*": "fell, dropped, came upon", "*nəbēlâ*": "carcass, dead body, corpse", "*ṭāmēʾ*": "unclean, impure, defiled" } } 39 { "verseID": "Leviticus.11.39", "source": "וְכִ֤י יָמוּת֙ מִן־הַבְּהֵמָ֔ה אֲשֶׁר־הִ֥יא לָכֶ֖ם לְאָכְלָ֑ה הַנֹּגֵ֥עַ בְּנִבְלָתָ֖הּ יִטְמָ֥א עַד־הָעָֽרֶב׃", "text": "And if *yāmût* any of the *bəhēmâ* which *hîʾ* to you for *ʾoḵlâ*, *hannōgēaʿ* with its *nəbēlâ* shall *yiṭmāʾ* until the *ʿāreb*.", "grammar": { "*wəḵî*": "conjunction + particle, 'and if'", "*yāmût*": "qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular, 'dies'", "*min-habbəhēmâ*": "preposition + definite article + feminine singular noun, 'from the animal'", "*ʾăšer-hîʾ*": "relative pronoun + 3rd feminine singular pronoun, 'which it (is)'", "*lāḵem*": "preposition + 2nd masculine plural suffix, 'to/for you'", "*ləʾoḵlâ*": "preposition + feminine singular noun, 'for food'", "*hannōgēaʿ*": "definite article + qal participle masculine singular, 'the one touching'", "*bənibəlātāh*": "preposition + feminine singular noun + 3rd feminine singular suffix, 'with its carcass'", "*yiṭmāʾ*": "qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular, 'he shall be unclean'", "*ʿad-hāʿāreb*": "preposition + definite article + masculine singular noun, 'until the evening'" }, "variants": { "*yāmût*": "dies, expires, perishes", "*bəhēmâ*": "animal, beast, cattle, livestock", "*ʾoḵlâ*": "food, eating, consumption", "*nōgēaʿ*": "one touching, one who comes in contact with", "*nəbēlâ*": "carcass, dead body, corpse", "*yiṭmāʾ*": "be unclean, be impure, be defiled", "*ʿāreb*": "evening, sunset" } } 40 { "verseID": "Leviticus.11.40", "source": "וְהָֽאֹכֵל֙ מִנִּבְלָתָ֔הּ יְכַבֵּ֥ס בְּגָדָ֖יו וְטָמֵ֣א עַד־הָעָ֑רֶב וְהַנֹּשֵׂא֙ אֶת־נִבְלָתָ֔הּ יְכַבֵּ֥ס בְּגָדָ֖יו וְטָמֵ֥א עַד־הָעָֽרֶב׃", "text": "And *hāʾōḵēl* from its *nəbēlâ* shall *yəḵabbēs* his *bəgādîm* and be *ṭāmēʾ* until the *ʿāreb*; and *hannōśēʾ* *ʾēt-nibəlātāh* shall *yəḵabbēs* his *bəgādîm* and be *ṭāmēʾ* until the *ʿāreb*.", "grammar": { "*wəhāʾōḵēl*": "conjunction + definite article + qal participle masculine singular, 'and the one eating'", "*minnibəlātāh*": "preposition + feminine singular noun + 3rd feminine singular suffix, 'from its carcass'", "*yəḵabbēs*": "piel imperfect, 3rd masculine singular, 'he shall wash'", "*bəgādāyw*": "masculine plural noun + 3rd masculine singular suffix, 'his clothes/garments'", "*wəṭāmēʾ*": "conjunction + adjective masculine singular, 'and unclean'", "*ʿad-hāʿāreb*": "preposition + definite article + masculine singular noun, 'until the evening'", "*wəhannōśēʾ*": "conjunction + definite article + qal participle masculine singular, 'and the one carrying'", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*nibəlātāh*": "feminine singular noun + 3rd feminine singular suffix, 'its carcass'", "*yəḵabbēs*": "piel imperfect, 3rd masculine singular, 'he shall wash'", "*bəgādāyw*": "masculine plural noun + 3rd masculine singular suffix, 'his clothes/garments'", "*wəṭāmēʾ*": "conjunction + adjective masculine singular, 'and unclean'", "*ʿad-hāʿāreb*": "preposition + definite article + masculine singular noun, 'until the evening'" }, "variants": { "*ʾōḵēl*": "one eating, one who consumes", "*nəbēlâ*": "carcass, dead body, corpse", "*yəḵabbēs*": "wash, cleanse, launder", "*bəgādîm*": "clothes, garments, vestments", "*ṭāmēʾ*": "unclean, impure, defiled", "*ʿāreb*": "evening, sunset", "*nōśēʾ*": "one carrying, one bearing, one who lifts" } } 41 { "verseID": "Leviticus.11.41", "source": "וְכָל־הַשֶּׁ֖רֶץ הַשֹּׁרֵ֣ץ עַל־הָאָ֑רֶץ שֶׁ֥קֶץ ה֖וּא לֹ֥א יֵאָכֵֽל׃", "text": "*wə-kol*-the-*šereṣ* the-*šōrēṣ* upon-the-*ʾāreṣ* *šeqeṣ* *hûʾ* not *yēʾākēl*", "grammar": { "*wə-kol*": "conjunction + noun construct - and-all-of", "*šereṣ*": "noun, masculine, singular - swarming creature/creeping thing", "*šōrēṣ*": "participle, Qal, masculine, singular - swarming/creeping", "*ʾāreṣ*": "noun, feminine, singular - earth/ground/land", "*šeqeṣ*": "noun, masculine, singular - detestable thing/abomination", "*hûʾ*": "pronoun, 3rd person, masculine, singular - it/he", "*yēʾākēl*": "verb, Niphal, imperfect, 3rd person, masculine, singular - will be eaten" }, "variants": { "*šereṣ*": "swarming creature/creeping thing/small reptile", "*šōrēṣ*": "swarming/moving/creeping/teaming", "*ʾāreṣ*": "earth/ground/land/soil", "*šeqeṣ*": "detestable thing/abomination/unclean thing", "*yēʾākēl*": "will be eaten/shall be eaten/can be eaten" } } 42 { "verseID": "Leviticus.11.42", "source": "כֹּל֩ הוֹלֵ֨ךְ עַל־גָּח֜וֹן וְכֹ֣ל ׀ הוֹלֵ֣ךְ עַל־אַרְבַּ֗ע עַ֚ד כָּל־מַרְבֵּ֣ה רַגְלַ֔יִם לְכָל־הַשֶּׁ֖רֶץ הַשֹּׁרֵ֣ץ עַל־הָאָ֑רֶץ לֹ֥א תֹאכְל֖וּם כִּי־שֶׁ֥קֶץ הֵֽם׃", "text": "*kōl* *hôlēk* upon-*gāḥôn* *wə-kōl* *hôlēk* upon-*ʾarbaʿ* until *kol*-*marbēh* *raglayim* to-*kol*-the-*šereṣ* the-*šōrēṣ* upon-the-*ʾāreṣ* not *tōʾklûm* *kî*-*šeqeṣ* *hēm*", "grammar": { "*kōl*": "noun, masculine, singular, construct - all/every", "*hôlēk*": "participle, Qal, masculine, singular - going/walking", "*gāḥôn*": "noun, masculine, singular - belly/underside", "*wə-kōl*": "conjunction + noun, masculine, singular, construct - and-all/every", "*ʾarbaʿ*": "noun, feminine - four", "*marbēh*": "Hiphil participle, masculine, singular - multiplying/increasing", "*raglayim*": "noun, feminine, dual - feet/legs", "*šereṣ*": "noun, masculine, singular - swarming creature/creeping thing", "*šōrēṣ*": "participle, Qal, masculine, singular - swarming/creeping", "*ʾāreṣ*": "noun, feminine, singular - earth/ground/land", "*tōʾklûm*": "verb, Qal, imperfect, 2nd person, masculine, plural + 3rd person, masculine, plural suffix - you shall eat them", "*kî*": "conjunction - because/for", "*šeqeṣ*": "noun, masculine, singular - detestable thing/abomination", "*hēm*": "pronoun, 3rd person, masculine, plural - they" }, "variants": { "*hôlēk*": "going/walking/moving", "*gāḥôn*": "belly/underside", "*ʾarbaʿ*": "four/four legs", "*marbēh*": "multiplying/increasing/having many", "*raglayim*": "feet/legs", "*šereṣ*": "swarming creature/creeping thing/small reptile", "*šōrēṣ*": "swarming/moving/creeping/teaming", "*ʾāreṣ*": "earth/ground/land/soil", "*šeqeṣ*": "detestable thing/abomination/unclean thing" } } 43 { "verseID": "Leviticus.11.43", "source": "אַל־תְּשַׁקְּצוּ֙ אֶת־נַפְשֹׁ֣תֵיכֶ֔ם בְּכָל־הַשֶּׁ֖רֶץ הַשֹּׁרֵ֑ץ וְלֹ֤א תִֽטַּמְּאוּ֙ בָּהֶ֔ם וְנִטְמֵתֶ֖ם בָּֽם׃", "text": "*ʾal*-*təšaqqəṣû* *ʾet*-*napšōtêkem* in-*kol*-the-*šereṣ* the-*šōrēṣ* *wə-lōʾ* *tiṭṭammə'û* in-them *wə-niṭmētem* in-them", "grammar": { "*ʾal*": "negative particle - do not", "*təšaqqəṣû*": "verb, Piel, imperfect, 2nd person, masculine, plural - make detestable/abominate/defile", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*napšōtêkem*": "noun, feminine, plural construct + 2nd person, masculine, plural suffix - your souls/yourselves", "*kol*": "noun, masculine, singular, construct - all/every", "*šereṣ*": "noun, masculine, singular - swarming creature/creeping thing", "*šōrēṣ*": "participle, Qal, masculine, singular - swarming/creeping", "*wə-lōʾ*": "conjunction + negative particle - and-not", "*tiṭṭammə'û*": "verb, Hithpael, imperfect, 2nd person, masculine, plural - make yourselves unclean", "*wə-niṭmētem*": "conjunction + verb, Niphal, perfect, 2nd person, masculine, plural - and you will be made unclean" }, "variants": { "*təšaqqəṣû*": "make detestable/abominate/defile/pollute", "*napšōtêkem*": "your souls/yourselves/your beings", "*šereṣ*": "swarming creature/creeping thing/small reptile", "*šōrēṣ*": "swarming/moving/creeping/teaming", "*tiṭṭammə'û*": "make yourselves unclean/defile yourselves", "*niṭmētem*": "you will be made unclean/you will become defiled" } } 44 { "verseID": "Leviticus.11.44", "source": "כִּ֣י אֲנִ֣י יְהוָה֮ אֱלֹֽהֵיכֶם֒ וְהִתְקַדִּשְׁתֶּם֙ וִהְיִיתֶ֣ם קְדֹשִׁ֔ים כִּ֥י קָד֖וֹשׁ אָ֑נִי וְלֹ֤א תְטַמְּאוּ֙ אֶת־נַפְשֹׁ֣תֵיכֶ֔ם בְּכָל־הַשֶּׁ֖רֶץ הָרֹמֵ֥שׂ עַל־הָאָֽרֶץ׃", "text": "*kî* *ʾănî* *YHWH* *ʾĕlōhêkem* *wə-hitqaddištem* *wihyîtem* *qədōšîm* *kî* *qādôš* *ʾānî* *wə-lōʾ* *təṭammə'û* *ʾet*-*napšōtêkem* in-*kol*-the-*šereṣ* the-*rōmēś* upon-the-*ʾāreṣ*", "grammar": { "*kî*": "conjunction - for/because", "*ʾănî*": "pronoun, 1st person, singular - I", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - the LORD/Yahweh", "*ʾĕlōhêkem*": "noun, masculine, plural construct + 2nd person, masculine, plural suffix - your God", "*wə-hitqaddištem*": "conjunction + verb, Hithpael, perfect, 2nd person, masculine, plural - and sanctify yourselves", "*wihyîtem*": "conjunction + verb, Qal, perfect, 2nd person, masculine, plural - and you will be", "*qədōšîm*": "adjective, masculine, plural - holy/set apart", "*qādôš*": "adjective, masculine, singular - holy/set apart", "*ʾānî*": "pronoun, 1st person, singular - I", "*wə-lōʾ*": "conjunction + negative particle - and-not", "*təṭammə'û*": "verb, Piel, imperfect, 2nd person, masculine, plural - defile/make unclean", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*napšōtêkem*": "noun, feminine, plural construct + 2nd person, masculine, plural suffix - your souls/yourselves", "*kol*": "noun, masculine, singular, construct - all/every", "*šereṣ*": "noun, masculine, singular - swarming creature/creeping thing", "*rōmēś*": "participle, Qal, masculine, singular - creeping/crawling", "*ʾāreṣ*": "noun, feminine, singular - earth/ground/land" }, "variants": { "*ʾĕlōhêkem*": "your God/your gods", "*hitqaddištem*": "sanctify yourselves/consecrate yourselves/make yourselves holy", "*qədōšîm*": "holy/set apart/consecrated", "*qādôš*": "holy/set apart/consecrated", "*təṭammə'û*": "defile/make unclean/pollute", "*napšōtêkem*": "your souls/yourselves/your beings", "*šereṣ*": "swarming creature/creeping thing/small reptile", "*rōmēś*": "creeping/crawling/moving", "*ʾāreṣ*": "earth/ground/land/soil" } } 45 { "verseID": "Leviticus.11.45", "source": "כִּ֣י ׀ אֲנִ֣י יְהוָ֗ה הַֽמַּעֲלֶ֤ה אֶתְכֶם֙ מֵאֶ֣רֶץ מִצְרַ֔יִם לִהְיֹ֥ת לָכֶ֖ם לֵאלֹהִ֑ים וִהְיִיתֶ֣ם קְדֹשִׁ֔ים כִּ֥י קָד֖וֹשׁ אָֽנִי׃", "text": "*kî* *ʾănî* *YHWH* the-*maʿăleh* *ʾetkem* from-*ʾereṣ* *miṣrayim* to-*lihyôt* to-you to-*ʾĕlōhîm* *wihyîtem* *qədōšîm* *kî* *qādôš* *ʾānî*", "grammar": { "*kî*": "conjunction - for/because", "*ʾănî*": "pronoun, 1st person, singular - I", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - the LORD/Yahweh", "*maʿăleh*": "Hiphil participle, masculine, singular - bringing up/causing to go up", "*ʾetkem*": "direct object marker + 2nd person, masculine, plural suffix - you", "*ʾereṣ*": "noun, feminine, singular, construct - land of", "*miṣrayim*": "proper noun - Egypt", "*lihyôt*": "preposition + verb, Qal, infinitive construct - to be", "*ʾĕlōhîm*": "noun, masculine, plural - God/gods", "*wihyîtem*": "conjunction + verb, Qal, perfect, 2nd person, masculine, plural - and you will be", "*qədōšîm*": "adjective, masculine, plural - holy/set apart", "*kî*": "conjunction - for/because", "*qādôš*": "adjective, masculine, singular - holy/set apart", "*ʾānî*": "pronoun, 1st person, singular - I" }, "variants": { "*maʿăleh*": "bringing up/causing to go up/leading out", "*ʾereṣ*": "land/country/earth", "*miṣrayim*": "Egypt/Egyptians", "*lihyôt*": "to be/to become/to exist", "*ʾĕlōhîm*": "God/gods/divine being", "*qədōšîm*": "holy/set apart/consecrated", "*qādôš*": "holy/set apart/consecrated" } } 46 { "verseID": "Leviticus.11.46", "source": "זֹ֣את תּוֹרַ֤ת הַבְּהֵמָה֙ וְהָע֔וֹף וְכֹל֙ נֶ֣פֶשׁ הַֽחַיָּ֔ה הָרֹמֶ֖שֶׂת בַּמָּ֑יִם וּלְכָל־נֶ֖פֶשׁ הַשֹּׁרֶ֥צֶת עַל־הָאָֽרֶץ׃", "text": "*zōʾt* *tôrat* the-*bəhēmāh* *wə-hā'ôp* *wə-kōl* *nepeš* the-*ḥayyāh* the-*rōmeśet* in-the-*māyim* *û-lə-kol*-*nepeš* the-*šōreṣet* upon-the-*ʾāreṣ*", "grammar": { "*zōʾt*": "demonstrative pronoun, feminine, singular - this", "*tôrat*": "noun, feminine, singular, construct - law/instruction of", "*bəhēmāh*": "noun, feminine, singular - beast/cattle/animal", "*wə-hā'ôp*": "conjunction + definite article + noun, masculine, singular - and-the-bird/fowl", "*wə-kōl*": "conjunction + noun, masculine, singular, construct - and-all/every", "*nepeš*": "noun, feminine, singular, construct - soul/being of", "*ḥayyāh*": "adjective, feminine, singular - living", "*rōmeśet*": "participle, Qal, feminine, singular - creeping/moving", "*māyim*": "noun, masculine, plural - waters", "*û-lə-kol*": "conjunction + preposition + noun, masculine, singular, construct - and-for-all/every", "*nepeš*": "noun, feminine, singular, construct - soul/being of", "*šōreṣet*": "participle, Qal, feminine, singular - swarming/creeping", "*ʾāreṣ*": "noun, feminine, singular - earth/ground/land" }, "variants": { "*tôrat*": "law/instruction/teaching/direction", "*bəhēmāh*": "beast/cattle/animal/livestock", "*hā'ôp*": "bird/fowl/flying creatures", "*nepeš*": "soul/being/creature/life", "*ḥayyāh*": "living/alive/life", "*rōmeśet*": "creeping/moving/crawling", "*māyim*": "waters/water", "*šōreṣet*": "swarming/creeping/teaming", "*ʾāreṣ*": "earth/ground/land/soil" } } 47 { "verseID": "Leviticus.11.47", "source": "לְהַבְדִּ֕יל בֵּ֥ין הַטָּמֵ֖א וּבֵ֣ין הַטָּהֹ֑ר וּבֵ֤ין הַֽחַיָּה֙ הַֽנֶּאֱכֶ֔לֶת וּבֵין֙ הַֽחַיָּ֔ה אֲשֶׁ֖ר לֹ֥א תֵאָכֵֽל׃ פ", "text": "to-*haḇdîl* between the-*ṭāmēʾ* *û-ḇên* the-*ṭāhōr* *û-ḇên* the-*ḥayyāh* the-*neʾĕkelet* *û-ḇên* the-*ḥayyāh* *ʾăšer* not *tēʾākēl*", "grammar": { "*haḇdîl*": "Hiphil, infinitive construct - to separate/distinguish", "*ṭāmēʾ*": "adjective, masculine, singular - unclean/impure", "*û-ḇên*": "conjunction + preposition - and-between", "*ṭāhōr*": "adjective, masculine, singular - clean/pure", "*ḥayyāh*": "adjective, feminine, singular - living", "*neʾĕkelet*": "Niphal, participle, feminine, singular - being eaten/edible", "*ḥayyāh*": "adjective, feminine, singular - living", "*ʾăšer*": "relative pronoun - which/that", "*tēʾākēl*": "verb, Niphal, imperfect, 3rd person, feminine, singular - will be eaten" }, "variants": { "*haḇdîl*": "to separate/distinguish/divide/make distinction", "*ṭāmēʾ*": "unclean/impure/defiled", "*ṭāhōr*": "clean/pure/undefiled", "*ḥayyāh*": "living creature/animal/beast", "*neʾĕkelet*": "being eaten/edible/may be eaten", "*tēʾākēl*": "will be eaten/should be eaten/can be eaten" } }
  • Lev 22:8 : 8 { "verseID": "Leviticus.22.8", "source": "נְבֵלָ֧ה וּטְרֵפָ֛ה לֹ֥א יֹאכַ֖ל לְטָמְאָה־בָ֑הּ אֲנִ֖י יְהוָֽה׃", "text": "*nəbēlāh* *û-ṭərēpāh* *lōʾ* *yōʾkal* *lə-ṭomʾāh*-*bāh* *ʾănî* *YHWH*", "grammar": { "*nəbēlāh*": "noun feminine singular - carcass, corpse", "*û-ṭərēpāh*": "conjunction + noun feminine singular - and torn animal", "*lōʾ*": "negative particle - not", "*yōʾkal*": "Qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - he shall eat", "*lə-ṭomʾāh*": "preposition + Qal infinitive construct - to become unclean", "*bāh*": "preposition + 3rd feminine singular suffix - by it", "*ʾănî*": "1st person singular pronoun - I", "*YHWH*": "proper noun, divine name - LORD" }, "variants": { "*nəbēlāh*": "carcass, corpse, animal that died naturally", "*ṭərēpāh*": "torn animal, animal killed by beasts", "*yōʾkal*": "shall eat, may eat, consume", "*lə-ṭomʾāh*-*bāh*": "to become unclean by it, to be defiled through it" } }
  • Rom 14:17 : 17 { "verseID": "Romans.14.17", "source": "Οὐ γάρ ἐστιν ἡ βασιλεία τοῦ Θεοῦ βρῶσις καὶ πόσις· ἀλλὰ δικαιοσύνη, καὶ εἰρήνη, καὶ χαρὰ ἐν Πνεύματι Ἁγίῳ.", "text": "For not *estin* the *basileia* of the *Theou brōsis* and *posis*; but *dikaiosynē*, and *eirēnē*, and *chara* in *Pneumati Hagiō*.", "grammar": { "*estin*": "present, active, indicative, 3rd singular - is", "*basileia*": "nominative, feminine, singular - kingdom", "*Theou*": "genitive, masculine, singular - of God/God's", "*brōsis*": "nominative, feminine, singular - eating/food", "*posis*": "nominative, feminine, singular - drinking", "*dikaiosynē*": "nominative, feminine, singular - righteousness", "*eirēnē*": "nominative, feminine, singular - peace", "*chara*": "nominative, feminine, singular - joy", "*Pneumati*": "dative, neuter, singular - Spirit", "*Hagiō*": "dative, neuter, singular - Holy" }, "variants": { "*basileia*": "kingdom/reign/rule", "*brōsis*": "eating/food/consumption", "*posis*": "drinking/beverage", "*dikaiosynē*": "righteousness/justice", "*eirēnē*": "peace/harmony", "*chara*": "joy/gladness/delight", "*Pneumati Hagiō*": "Holy Spirit/Sacred Breath" } }
  • Rom 14:20 : 20 { "verseID": "Romans.14.20", "source": "Μὴ ἕνεκεν βρώματος κατάλυε τὸ ἔργον τοῦ Θεοῦ. Πάντα μὲν καθαρά· ἀλλὰ κακὸν τῷ ἀνθρώπῳ τῷ διὰ προσκόμματος ἐσθίοντι.", "text": "Not *heneken brōmatos katalye* the *ergon* of the *Theou*. *Panta men kathara*; but *kakon* to the *anthrōpō* to the one through *proskommatos esthionti*.", "grammar": { "*heneken*": "preposition with genitive - for the sake of/because of", "*brōmatos*": "genitive, neuter, singular - of food", "*katalye*": "present, active, imperative, 2nd singular - destroy/tear down", "*ergon*": "accusative, neuter, singular - work", "*Theou*": "genitive, masculine, singular - of God/God's", "*Panta*": "nominative, neuter, plural - all things", "*men*": "particle - on one hand (sets up contrast with *de*)", "*kathara*": "nominative, neuter, plural - clean/pure", "*kakon*": "nominative, neuter, singular - evil/bad", "*anthrōpō*": "dative, masculine, singular - man/person", "*proskommatos*": "genitive, neuter, singular - of stumbling", "*esthionti*": "present, active, participle, dative, masculine, singular - eating" }, "variants": { "*heneken*": "for the sake of/because of/on account of", "*brōmatos*": "of food/of meat", "*katalye*": "destroy/tear down/overthrow", "*ergon*": "work/deed/action", "*kathara*": "clean/pure/undefiled", "*kakon*": "evil/bad/harmful", "*proskommatos*": "of stumbling/of offense" } }
  • 1 Cor 10:23 : 23 { "verseID": "1 Corinthians.10.23", "source": "Πάντα μοι ἔξεστιν, ἀλλʼ οὐ πάντα συμφέρει: πάντα μοι ἔξεστιν, ἀλλʼ οὐ πάντα οἰκοδομεῖ.", "text": "All things to me *exestin*, *all'* not all things *sympherei*: all things to me *exestin*, *all'* not all things *oikodomei*", "grammar": { "*exestin*": "present indicative, 3rd person singular - it is permitted/lawful", "*all'*": "strong adversative particle - but/however", "*sympherei*": "present indicative, 3rd person singular - it profits/benefits", "*oikodomei*": "present indicative, 3rd person singular - it builds up/edifies" }, "variants": { "*exestin*": "is permitted/is lawful/is allowed", "*sympherei*": "profits/benefits/is advantageous", "*oikodomei*": "builds up/edifies/strengthens" } }
  • 1 Cor 10:25-26 : 25 { "verseID": "1 Corinthians.10.25", "source": "Πᾶν τὸ ἐν μακέλλῳ πωλούμενον, ἐσθίετε, μηδὲν ἀνακρίνοντες διὰ τὴν συνείδησιν:", "text": "All the in *makellō* *pōloumenon*, *esthiete*, nothing *anakrinontes* through the *syneidēsin*", "grammar": { "*makellō*": "dative, neuter, singular - meat market", "*pōloumenon*": "present passive participle, accusative, neuter, singular - being sold", "*esthiete*": "present imperative, 2nd person plural - eat", "*anakrinontes*": "present participle, nominative, masculine, plural - examining/questioning", "*syneidēsin*": "accusative, feminine, singular - conscience" }, "variants": { "*makellō*": "meat market/food market/shambles", "*pōloumenon*": "being sold/offered for sale", "*anakrinontes*": "examining/questioning/investigating", "*syneidēsin*": "conscience/moral consciousness" } } 26 { "verseID": "1 Corinthians.10.26", "source": "Τοῦ γὰρ Κυρίου ἡ γῆ, καὶ τὸ πλήρωμα αὐτῆς.", "text": "Of the *gar* *Kyriou* the *gē*, and the *plērōma* of it", "grammar": { "*gar*": "explanatory particle - for/because", "*Kyriou*": "genitive, masculine, singular - Lord", "*gē*": "nominative, feminine, singular - earth/land", "*plērōma*": "nominative, neuter, singular - fullness/that which fills" }, "variants": { "*Kyriou*": "Lord/master", "*gē*": "earth/land/world", "*plērōma*": "fullness/that which fills/contents" } }
  • 1 Cor 10:31 : 31 { "verseID": "1 Corinthians.10.31", "source": "Εἴτε οὖν ἐσθίετε, εἴτε πίνετε, εἴτε τι ποιεῖτε, πάντα εἰς δόξαν Θεοῦ ποιεῖτε.", "text": "Whether *oun* you *esthiete*, whether you *pinete*, whether anything you *poieite*, all things to *doxan* of *Theou* *poieite*", "grammar": { "*oun*": "inferential particle - therefore/then", "*esthiete*": "present indicative, 2nd person plural - you eat", "*pinete*": "present indicative, 2nd person plural - you drink", "*poieite*": "present indicative/imperative, 2nd person plural - you do/do!", "*doxan*": "accusative, feminine, singular - glory/honor", "*Theou*": "genitive, masculine, singular - God" }, "variants": { "*esthiete*": "eat/consume", "*pinete*": "drink/consume liquid", "*poieite*": "do/make/perform", "*doxan*": "glory/honor/praise" } }
  • Col 2:16 : 16 { "verseID": "Colossians.2.16", "source": "Μὴ οὖν τις ὑμᾶς κρινέτω ἐν βρώσει, ἢ ἐν πόσει, ἢ ἐν μέρει ἑορτῆς, ἢ νουμηνίας, ἢ σαββάτων:", "text": "Therefore let no one you *krinetō* in *brōsei*, or in *posei*, or in respect of *heortēs*, or of *noumēnias*, or of *sabbatōn*:", "grammar": { "*krinetō*": "present active imperative, 3rd person singular - let judge/condemn", "*brōsei*": "dative, feminine, singular - eating/food", "*posei*": "dative, feminine, singular - drinking/beverage", "*heortēs*": "genitive, feminine, singular - feast/festival", "*noumēnias*": "genitive, feminine, singular - new moon", "*sabbatōn*": "genitive, neuter, plural - sabbaths" }, "variants": { "*krinetō*": "judge/condemn/criticize", "*brōsei*": "eating/food/meat", "*posei*": "drinking/beverage", "*heortēs*": "feast/festival/celebration", "*noumēnias*": "new moon/monthly festival", "*sabbatōn*": "sabbaths/seventh days" } }
  • Col 2:21-22 : 21 { "verseID": "Colossians.2.21", "source": "(Μὴ ἅψῃ· μηδὲ γεύσῃ· μηδὲ θίγῃς·", "text": "(Do not *hapsē*; neither *geusē*; neither *thigēs*;", "grammar": { "*hapsē*": "aorist middle subjunctive, 2nd person singular - you should touch", "*geusē*": "aorist middle subjunctive, 2nd person singular - you should taste", "*thigēs*": "aorist middle subjunctive, 2nd person singular - you should handle" }, "variants": { "*hapsē*": "touch/handle/have contact with", "*geusē*": "taste/eat/experience", "*thigēs*": "handle/touch/come in contact with" } } 22 { "verseID": "Colossians.2.22", "source": "Ἅ ἐστιν πάντα εἰς φθορὰν τῇ ἀποχρήσει·) κατὰ τὰ ἐντάλματα καὶ διδασκαλίας τῶν ἀνθρώπων;", "text": "Which *estin* all to *phthoran* in the *apochrēsei*;) according to the *entalmata* and *didaskalias* of *anthrōpōn*?", "grammar": { "*estin*": "present active indicative, 3rd person singular - is", "*phthoran*": "accusative, feminine, singular - destruction/corruption/perishing", "*apochrēsei*": "dative, feminine, singular - using up/consumption", "*entalmata*": "accusative, neuter, plural - commandments/precepts", "*didaskalias*": "accusative, feminine, plural - teachings/doctrines", "*anthrōpōn*": "genitive, masculine, plural - men/human beings" }, "variants": { "*phthoran*": "destruction/corruption/perishing", "*apochrēsei*": "using up/consumption/using", "*entalmata*": "commandments/precepts/orders", "*didaskalias*": "teachings/doctrines/instructions", "*anthrōpōn*": "men/human beings/people" } }
  • 1 Tim 4:3-5 : 3 { "verseID": "1 Timothy.4.3", "source": "Κωλυόντων γαμεῖν, ἀπέχεσθαι βρωμάτων, ἃ ὁ Θεὸς ἔκτισεν εἰς μετάληψιν μετὰ εὐχαριστίας τοῖς πιστοῖς καὶ ἐπεγνωκόσιν τὴν ἀλήθειαν.", "text": "*Kōlyontōn* *gamein*, *apechesthai* *brōmatōn*, which the *Theos* *ektisen* *eis* *metalēpsin* *meta* *eucharistias* for the *pistois* and *epegnōkosin* the *alētheian*.", "grammar": { "*Kōlyontōn*": "present, active, participle, genitive, masculine, plural - forbidding/preventing", "*gamein*": "present, active, infinitive - to marry", "*apechesthai*": "present, middle, infinitive - to abstain from", "*brōmatōn*": "genitive, neuter, plural - foods/meats", "*Theos*": "nominative, masculine, singular - God", "*ektisen*": "aorist, active, indicative, 3rd singular - created", "*eis*": "preposition + accusative - for/unto", "*metalēpsin*": "accusative, feminine, singular - partaking/receiving", "*meta*": "preposition + genitive - with", "*eucharistias*": "genitive, feminine, singular - thanksgiving/gratitude", "*pistois*": "dative, masculine, plural - faithful/believing ones", "*epegnōkosin*": "perfect, active, participle, dative, masculine, plural - having fully known/recognized", "*alētheian*": "accusative, feminine, singular - truth" }, "variants": { "*Kōlyontōn*": "forbidding/hindering/preventing", "*gamein*": "to marry/to take a wife", "*apechesthai*": "to abstain from/to keep away from/to refrain from", "*brōmatōn*": "foods/meats/edibles", "*ektisen*": "created/made/formed", "*metalēpsin*": "reception/partaking/participation", "*eucharistias*": "thanksgiving/gratitude/giving of thanks", "*pistois*": "faithful ones/believers/trusting ones", "*epegnōkosin*": "those having fully known/recognized/acknowledged", "*alētheian*": "truth/reality" } } 4 { "verseID": "1 Timothy.4.4", "source": "Ὅτι πᾶν κτίσμα Θεοῦ καλόν, καὶ οὐδὲν ἀπόβλητον, μετὰ εὐχαριστίας λαμβανόμενον:", "text": "*Hoti* every *ktisma* of *Theou* *kalon*, and nothing *apoblēton*, *meta* *eucharistias* *lambanomenon*:", "grammar": { "*Hoti*": "conjunction - because/for/that", "*ktisma*": "nominative, neuter, singular - created thing/creature", "*Theou*": "genitive, masculine, singular - of God", "*kalon*": "nominative, neuter, singular - good/beautiful", "*apoblēton*": "nominative, neuter, singular - to be rejected/refused", "*meta*": "preposition + genitive - with", "*eucharistias*": "genitive, feminine, singular - thanksgiving/gratitude", "*lambanomenon*": "present, passive, participle, nominative, neuter, singular - being received/taken" }, "variants": { "*Hoti*": "because/for/that", "*ktisma*": "created thing/creature/creation", "*kalon*": "good/beautiful/excellent", "*apoblēton*": "to be rejected/cast away/refused", "*lambanomenon*": "being received/taken/accepted" } } 5 { "verseID": "1 Timothy.4.5", "source": "Ἁγιάζεται γὰρ διὰ λόγου Θεοῦ καὶ ἐντεύξεως.", "text": "*Hagiazetai* *gar* *dia* *logou* *Theou* and *enteuxeōs*.", "grammar": { "*Hagiazetai*": "present, passive, indicative, 3rd singular - is sanctified/consecrated", "*gar*": "conjunction, postpositive - for/because", "*dia*": "preposition + genitive - through/by means of", "*logou*": "genitive, masculine, singular - word/speech", "*Theou*": "genitive, masculine, singular - of God", "*enteuxeōs*": "genitive, feminine, singular - intercession/prayer/petition" }, "variants": { "*Hagiazetai*": "is sanctified/is made holy/is consecrated", "*logou*": "word/speech/message", "*enteuxeōs*": "intercession/prayer/petition" } }