Verse 10

{ "verseID": "Hosea.9.10", "source": "כַּעֲנָבִ֣ים בַּמִּדְבָּ֗ר מָצָ֙אתִי֙ יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל כְּבִכּוּרָ֤ה בִתְאֵנָה֙ בְּרֵ֣אשִׁיתָ֔הּ רָאִ֖יתִי אֲבֽוֹתֵיכֶ֑ם הֵ֜מָּה בָּ֣אוּ בַֽעַל־פְּע֗וֹר וַיִּנָּֽזְרוּ֙ לַבֹּ֔שֶׁת וַיִּהְי֥וּ שִׁקּוּצִ֖ים כְּאָהֳבָֽם׃", "text": "Like-*ʿănābîm* in-the-*midbār* *māṣāʾtî* *yiśrāʾēl*, like-*bikkûrāh* in-*teʾēnāh* in-*rēʾšîtāh* *rāʾîtî* *ʾăbôtêkem*; *hēmmāh* *bāʾû* *baʿal*-*peʿôr* and-*wayyinnāzerû* to-the-*bōšet* and-*wayyihyû* *šiqqûṣîm* like-*ʾāhŏbām*.", "grammar": { "*ʿănābîm*": "masculine plural noun - 'grapes'", "*midbār*": "masculine singular noun with definite article - 'the wilderness'", "*māṣāʾtî*": "qal perfect 1st singular - 'I found'", "*yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - 'Israel'", "*bikkûrāh*": "feminine singular noun - 'early fig/first-ripe fig'", "*teʾēnāh*": "feminine singular noun - 'fig tree'", "*rēʾšîtāh*": "feminine singular noun with 3rd feminine singular suffix - 'its beginning/first fruits'", "*rāʾîtî*": "qal perfect 1st singular - 'I saw'", "*ʾăbôtêkem*": "masculine plural noun with 2nd masculine plural suffix - 'your fathers'", "*hēmmāh*": "3rd masculine plural independent pronoun - 'they'", "*bāʾû*": "qal perfect 3rd common plural - 'they came'", "*baʿal*-*peʿôr*": "proper noun - 'Baal of Peor'", "*wayyinnāzerû*": "niphal consecutive imperfect 3rd masculine plural - 'and they separated themselves'", "*bōšet*": "feminine singular noun with definite article - 'the shame'", "*wayyihyû*": "qal consecutive imperfect 3rd masculine plural - 'and they became'", "*šiqqûṣîm*": "masculine plural noun - 'detestable things/abominations'", "*ʾāhŏbām*": "qal infinitive construct with 3rd masculine plural suffix - 'their love'" }, "variants": { "*ʿănābîm*": "grapes/clusters of grapes", "*midbār*": "wilderness/desert/wasteland", "*bikkûrāh*": "early fig/first-ripe fig/first fruit", "*rēʾšîtāh*": "its beginning/its first fruits/its first time", "*baʿal*-*peʿôr*": "reference to incident in Numbers 25", "*wayyinnāzerû*": "and they separated themselves/they consecrated themselves/they devoted themselves", "*bōšet*": "the shame/disgrace/shameful thing (euphemism for Baal)", "*šiqqûṣîm*": "detestable things/abominations/idols", "*ʾāhŏbām*": "their love/their lover/what they loved" } }

Other Translations

• GT, oversatt fra Hebraisk

  Som druer i ørkenen fant jeg Israel. Som den første frukten på fikentreet så jeg deres forfedre. Men de dro til Baal-Peor for å følge sine lyster, og de ble avskyelige, lik dem de elsket.

• Moderne oversettelse av Bibelen fra 1611 KJV med hebraisk kontekst

  Jeg fant Israel som druer i ørkenen; jeg så deres fedre som den første frukten på fikentreet tidlig i sesongen. Men de dro til Ba'al-Peor og viet seg til skam, og deres vederstyggeligheter ble som det de elsket.

• Norsk King James

  Jeg fant Israel som druer i ørkenen; jeg så deres fedre som de første fikene fra fikentreet; men de gikk til Baal-Peor og førte skam over seg; deres avskyeligheter fulgte dem.

• Modernisert Norsk Bibel 1866

  Jeg fant Israel som druer i ørkenen, jeg så deres fedre som de første frukter på fikentreet når det begynner å bære, men de gikk til Baal-Peor og viet seg til den skammelige avguden. De ble like skammelige som det de elsket.

• Oversettelse av hebraiske Bibeltekster til moderne norsk bokmål

  Som druer i ørkenen fant jeg Israel, som de første fruktene på et figentre ble jeg glad i deres fedre. Men de gikk til Baal-Peor og viet seg til skammen, og de ble like vederstyggelige som den de elsket.

• Bibelen: En Moderne Oversettelse av King James Version 1611

  Jeg fant Israel som druer i ørkenen; jeg så deres fedre som tidlig frukt på fikentreet ved første modning. Men de gikk til Ba'al-Peor og viet seg til skammen der; de ble avskyelige som det de elsket.

• o3-mini KJV Norsk

  Jeg fant Israel som druer i ørkenen; jeg så dine fedre som den første kvisten på fiken-treet i sin begynnende modenhet; men de dro til Baalpeor og vendte seg bort til skammen, og de avskyelige handlingene de gjorde, var som de elsket dem.

• En Moderne Oversettelse av King James Version 1611 (mar 2025)

  Jeg fant Israel som druer i ørkenen; jeg så deres fedre som tidlig frukt på fikentreet ved første modning. Men de gikk til Ba'al-Peor og viet seg til skammen der; de ble avskyelige som det de elsket.

• Lingvistisk bibeloversettelse fra grunntekst

  Som druer i ørkenen fant jeg Israel; som første modne fiken på et fikentre i dens første frukt så jeg deres fedre. Men de kom til Baal-Peor og viet seg til skam, og de ble ekle som det de elsket.

• Linguistic Bible Translation from Source Texts

  Like grapes in the wilderness, I found Israel. Like the first fruit on the fig tree in its first season, I saw your ancestors. But they went to Baal Peor, consecrated themselves to shame, and became as detestable as the thing they loved.

• GT, oversatt fra hebraisk Aug2024

  Som druer i ørkenen fant jeg Israel. Som de første frukter på et fikentre i begynnelsen av sesongen så jeg deres fedre. Men de kom til Baal-Peor og viet seg til skammen, og ble motbydelige som det de elsket.

• Original Norsk Bibel 1866

  Jeg fandt Israel som Druer i Ørken, jeg saae eders Fædre som den første Frugt paa Figentræet, naar det begynder (at bære Frugt; men) de gik ind til Baal-Peor, og fraskilte sig til den skammelige Afgud, og de bleve Vederstyggeligheder, saasom de elskede.

• King James Version 1769 (Standard Version)

  I found Israel like grapes in the wilderness; I saw your fathers as the firstripe in the fig tree at her first time: but they went to Baal-peor, and separated themselves unto that shame; and their abominations were according as they loved.

• KJV 1769 norsk

  Jeg fant Israel som druer i ørkenen; jeg så deres fedre som det første modne treet i et fikentre på sin første tid; men de gikk til Ba'al-Peor og viet seg til skammen, og deres motbydeligheter var som det de elsket.

• KJV1611 - Moderne engelsk

  I found Israel like grapes in the wilderness; I saw your fathers as the first ripe in the fig tree at its first season; but they went to Baal Peor, and separated themselves to that shame, and their abominations were according to their loves.

• King James Version 1611 (Original)

  I found Israel like grapes in the wilderness; I saw your fathers as the firstripe in the fig tree at her first time: but they went to Baalpeor, and separated themselves unto that shame; and their abominations were according as they loved.

• Norsk oversettelse av Webster

  Jeg fant Israel som druer i ørkenen. Jeg så deres fedre som de første modne frukter på fikentreet i sin første sesong. Men de kom til Ba'al-Peor og viet seg til det skammelige, og ble avskyelige lik det de elsket.

• Norsk oversettelse av Youngs Literal Translation

  Som druer i ørkenen fant jeg Israel, som de første fruktene i et fikentre ved begynnelsen så jeg deres fedre. De gikk til Baal-Peor, hengav seg til skam, og ble avskyelige som det de elsket.

• Norsk oversettelse av ASV1901

  Jeg fant Israel som druer i ødemarken; jeg så deres fedre som den første frukt på fikentreet i dens første sesong: men de kom til Ba’al-Peor og innviet seg til skamfulle ting, og ble avskyelig som det de elsket.

• Norsk oversettelse av BBE

  Jeg fant Israel som druer i en ødemark; jeg så deres fedre som tidlig fiken på et fikentre; men de kom til Ba’al-Peor og viet seg til skam, og ble avskyelige som det de elsket.

• Coverdale Bible (1535)

  I fande Israel like grapes in the wildernes, & sawe their fathers as the first fyges in ye toppe of ye fyge tre. But they are gone to Baal Peor, & runne awaie fro me to yt shamefull Idoll, & are become as abhominable as their louers

• Geneva Bible (1560)

  I found Israel like grapes in the wildernes: I saw your fathers as the first ripe in the figge tree at her first time: but they went to Baal-Peor, and separated themselues vnto that shame, and their abominations were according to their louers.

• Bishops' Bible (1568)

  I founde Israel like grapes in the wildernesse, & sawe their fathers as the first ripe in ye figge tree at her first season: but they went to Baal Peor, & seperated them selues to that shame, and became as abhominable as their louers.

• Authorized King James Version (1611)

  I found Israel like grapes in the wilderness; I saw your fathers as the firstripe in the fig tree at her first time: [but] they went to Baalpeor, and separated themselves unto [that] shame; and [their] abominations were according as they loved.

• Webster's Bible (1833)

  I found Israel like grapes in the wilderness. I saw your fathers as the first ripe in the fig tree at its first season; But they came to Baal Peor, and consecrated themselves to the shameful thing, And became abominable like that which they loved.

• Young's Literal Translation (1862/1898)

  As grapes in a wilderness I found Israel, As the first-fruit in a fig-tree, at its beginning, I have seen your fathers, They -- they have gone in `to' Baal-Peor, And are separated to a shameful thing, And are become abominable like their love.

• American Standard Version (1901)

  I found Israel like grapes in the wilderness; I saw your fathers as the first-ripe in the fig-tree at its first season: but they came to Baal-peor, and consecrated themselves unto the shameful thing, and became abominable like that which they loved.

• Bible in Basic English (1941)

  I made discovery of Israel as of grapes in the waste land; I saw your fathers as the first-fruits of the fig-tree in her early fruit time; but they came to Baal-peor, and made themselves holy to the thing of shame, and became disgusting like that to which they gave their love.

• World English Bible (2000)

  I found Israel like grapes in the wilderness. I saw your fathers as the first ripe in the fig tree at its first season; but they came to Baal Peor, and consecrated themselves to the shameful thing, and became abominable like that which they loved.

• NET Bible® (New English Translation)

  When I found Israel, it was like finding grapes in the wilderness. I viewed your ancestors like an early fig on a fig tree in its first season. Then they came to Baal-Peor and they dedicated themselves to shame– they became as detestable as what they loved.

Referenced Verses

• Jer 11:13 : 13 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.11.13", "source": "כִּ֚י מִסְפַּ֣ר עָרֶ֔יךָ הָי֥וּ אֱלֹהֶ֖יךָ יְהוּדָ֑ה וּמִסְפַּ֞ר חֻצ֣וֹת יְרוּשָׁלִַ֗ם שַׂמְתֶּ֤ם מִזְבְּחוֹת֙ לַבֹּ֔שֶׁת מִזְבְּח֖וֹת לְקַטֵּ֥ר לַבָּֽעַל׃", "text": "For *mispar* *ʿāreykā* *hāyû* *ʾĕlōheykā* *yĕhûdāh*, and-*mispar* *ḥuṣôt* *yĕrûšālaim* *śamtem* *mizbĕḥôt* to-*bōšet*, *mizbĕḥôt* to-*qattēr* to-*baʿal*.", "grammar": { "*mispar*": "noun, masculine singular construct - number of", "*ʿāreykā*": "noun, feminine plural with 2nd person masculine singular suffix - your cities", "*hāyû*": "Qal perfect, 3rd person common plural - they were", "*ʾĕlōheykā*": "noun, masculine plural with 2nd person masculine singular suffix - your gods", "*yĕhûdāh*": "proper noun - Judah", "*mispar*": "noun, masculine singular construct - number of", "*ḥuṣôt*": "noun, feminine plural construct - streets of", "*yĕrûšālaim*": "proper noun - Jerusalem", "*śamtem*": "Qal perfect, 2nd person masculine plural - you set up", "*mizbĕḥôt*": "noun, masculine plural - altars", "*bōšet*": "noun, feminine singular - shameful thing", "*mizbĕḥôt*": "noun, masculine plural - altars", "*qattēr*": "Piel infinitive construct - to burn incense", "*baʿal*": "proper noun - Baal" }, "variants": { "*mispar*": "number/amount/quantity", "*hāyû*": "they were/have become/exist", "*bōšet*": "shameful thing/shame/disgrace (euphemism for Baal)", "*qattēr*": "to burn incense/offer sacrifice/make offerings" } }
• Hos 4:14 : 14 { "verseID": "Hosea.4.14", "source": "לֹֽא־אֶפְק֨וֹד עַל־בְּנוֹתֵיכֶ֜ם כִּ֣י תִזְנֶ֗ינָה וְעַל־כַּלּֽוֹתֵיכֶם֙ כִּ֣י תְנָאַ֔פְנָה כִּי־הֵם֙ עִם־הַזֹּנ֣וֹת יְפָרֵ֔דוּ וְעִם־הַקְּדֵשׁ֖וֹת יְזַבֵּ֑חוּ וְעָ֥ם לֹֽא־יָבִ֖ין יִלָּבֵֽט׃", "text": "*lōʾ*-*ʾepqôd* *ʿal*-*bənôtêkem* *kî* *tiznênâ* *wə-ʿal*-*kallôtêkem* *kî* *tənāʾapnâ* *kî*-*hēm* *ʿim*-*hazzōnôt* *yəpārēdû* *wə-ʿim*-*haqqədēšôt* *yəzabbēḥû* *wə-ʿām* *lōʾ*-*yābîn* *yillābēṭ*", "grammar": { "*lōʾ*": "negative particle - not", "*ʾepqôd*": "imperfect, 1st person singular - I will punish/visit", "*ʿal*-*bənôtêkem*": "preposition + noun, feminine plural + 2nd person masculine plural suffix - against your daughters", "*kî*": "conjunction - when/because", "*tiznênâ*": "imperfect, 3rd person feminine plural - they commit fornication", "*wə-ʿal*-*kallôtêkem*": "conjunction + preposition + noun, feminine plural + 2nd person masculine plural suffix - and against your daughters-in-law", "*kî*": "conjunction - when/because", "*tənāʾapnâ*": "imperfect, 3rd person feminine plural - they commit adultery", "*kî*": "conjunction - for/because", "*hēm*": "pronoun, 3rd person masculine plural - they", "*ʿim*-*hazzōnôt*": "preposition + noun with definite article, feminine plural - with the harlots", "*yəpārēdû*": "imperfect, 3rd person masculine plural, niphal - they separate themselves", "*wə-ʿim*-*haqqədēšôt*": "conjunction + preposition + noun with definite article, feminine plural - and with the temple prostitutes", "*yəzabbēḥû*": "imperfect, 3rd person masculine plural, piel - they sacrifice", "*wə-ʿām*": "conjunction + noun, masculine singular - and a people", "*lōʾ*-*yābîn*": "negative particle + imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - does not understand", "*yillābēṭ*": "imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular, niphal - will be ruined/thrown down" }, "variants": { "*pāqad*": "visit/punish/inspect", "*pārad* (niphal)": "separate oneself/isolate/go apart", "*qədēšôt*": "cult prostitutes/temple prostitutes", "*bîn*": "understand/discern/perceive", "*lābaṭ* (niphal)": "be thrown down/be ruined/be thrust down" } }
• Ezek 20:8 : 8 { "verseID": "Ezekiel.20.8", "source": "וַיַּמְרוּ־בִ֗י וְלֹ֤א אָבוּ֙ לִשְׁמֹ֣עַ אֵלַ֔י אִ֣ישׁ אֶת־שִׁקּוּצֵ֤י עֵֽינֵיהֶם֙ לֹ֣א הִשְׁלִ֔יכוּ וְאֶת־גִּלּוּלֵ֥י מִצְרַ֖יִם לֹ֣א עָזָ֑בוּ וָאֹמַ֞ר לִשְׁפֹּ֧ךְ חֲמָתִ֣י עֲלֵיהֶ֗ם לְכַלּ֤וֹת אַפִּי֙ בָּהֶ֔ם בְּת֖וֹךְ אֶ֥רֶץ מִצְרָֽיִם׃", "text": "And-*wayyamrû*-against-me and-not *ʾābû* *lišmōaʿ* to-me; *ʾîš* *ʾet*-*šiqqûṣê* *ʿênêhem* not *hišlîkû* and-*ʾet*-*gillûlê* *miṣrayim* not *ʿāzābû*; and-*wāʾōmar* *lišpōk* *ḥămātî* upon-them *lĕkallôt* *ʾappî* against-them in-*tôk* *ʾereṣ* *miṣrāyim*.", "grammar": { "*wayyamrû*": "waw-consecutive with qal imperfect, 3rd plural - and they rebelled", "*ʾābû*": "verb, qal perfect, 3rd plural - they were willing", "*lišmōaʿ*": "preposition with qal infinitive construct - to listen/hear", "*ʾîš*": "noun, masculine singular - each/each man", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*šiqqûṣê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - detestable things of", "*ʿênêhem*": "noun, feminine dual with 3rd masculine plural suffix - their eyes", "*hišlîkû*": "verb, hiphil perfect, 3rd plural - they cast away", "*gillûlê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - idols of", "*miṣrayim*": "proper noun - Egypt", "*ʿāzābû*": "verb, qal perfect, 3rd plural - they forsook", "*wāʾōmar*": "waw-consecutive with qal imperfect, 1st singular - and I said", "*lišpōk*": "preposition with qal infinitive construct - to pour out", "*ḥămātî*": "noun, feminine singular with 1st person singular suffix - my wrath", "*lĕkallôt*": "preposition with piel infinitive construct - to complete/finish", "*ʾappî*": "noun, masculine singular with 1st person singular suffix - my anger", "*tôk*": "noun, masculine singular construct - midst of", "*ʾereṣ*": "noun, feminine singular construct - land of", "*miṣrāyim*": "proper noun - Egypt" }, "variants": { "*wayyamrû*": "and they rebelled/and they were disobedient/and they were defiant", "*ʾābû*": "they were willing/they consented/they agreed", "*lišmōaʿ*": "to listen/to hear/to obey", "*šiqqûṣê*": "detestable things/abominations/idols", "*hišlîkû*": "they cast away/they threw away/they abandoned", "*ʿāzābû*": "they forsook/they abandoned/they left", "*lišpōk* *ḥămātî*": "to pour out my wrath (idiom for punishment)", "*lĕkallôt* *ʾappî*": "to spend my anger/to exhaust my fury" } }
• Hos 2:15 : 15 { "verseID": "Hosea.2.15", "source": "‫וּפָקַדְתִּ֣י עָלֶ֗יהָ אֶת־יְמֵ֤י הַבְּעָלִים֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר תַּקְטִ֣יר לָהֶ֔ם וַתַּ֤עַד נִזְמָהּ֙ וְחֶלְיָתָ֔הּ וַתֵּ֖לֶךְ אַחֲרֵ֣י מְאַהֲבֶ֑יהָ וְאֹתִ֥י שָׁכְחָ֖ה נְאֻם־יְהוָֽה׃ פ‬", "text": "And *pāqadtî* upon-her *ʾet*-*yəmê* the-*bəʿālîm*, which *taqṭîr* to-them, and *taʿad* *nizmāh* and *ḥelyātāh*, and *tēlek* after *məʾahăbêhā*, and me *šākḥāh* *nəʾum*-*Yhwh*.", "grammar": { "*pāqadtî*": "qal perfect, 1st singular - I will visit/punish", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*yəmê*": "construct noun, masculine, plural - days of", "*bəʿālîm*": "noun, masculine, plural - Baals", "*taqṭîr*": "hiphil imperfect, 3rd singular, feminine - she offered incense", "*taʿad*": "qal imperfect, 3rd singular, feminine - she adorned", "*nizmāh*": "noun + pronominal suffix, 3rd singular, feminine - her nose ring", "*ḥelyātāh*": "noun + pronominal suffix, 3rd singular, feminine - her jewelry", "*tēlek*": "qal imperfect, 3rd singular, feminine - she went", "*məʾahăbêhā*": "piel participle, masculine, plural + pronominal suffix, 3rd singular, feminine - her lovers", "*šākḥāh*": "qal perfect, 3rd singular, feminine - she forgot", "*nəʾum*": "construct noun, masculine, singular - declaration of", "*Yhwh*": "proper noun - YHWH" }, "variants": { "*pāqadtî*": "I will visit/punish/attend to", "*yəmê*": "days/time of", "*bəʿālîm*": "Baals/lords/masters (reference to false gods)", "*taqṭîr*": "she offered incense/burned offerings", "*taʿad*": "she adorned/decorated herself", "*nizmāh*": "her nose ring/jewelry", "*ḥelyātāh*": "her jewelry/ornaments", "*tēlek*": "she went/followed/pursued", "*məʾahăbêhā*": "her lovers/those who love her (reference to false gods)", "*šākḥāh*": "she forgot/neglected/abandoned", "*nəʾum*": "declaration/utterance/oracle of", "*Yhwh*": "YHWH/the LORD/Yahweh" } }
• Jer 2:2-3 : 2 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.2.2", "source": "הָלֹ֡ךְ וְקָֽרָאתָ֩ בְאָזְנֵ֨י יְרוּשָׁלִַ֜ם לֵאמֹ֗ר כֹּ֚ה אָמַ֣ר יְהוָ֔ה זָכַ֤רְתִּי לָךְ֙ חֶ֣סֶד נְעוּרַ֔יִךְ אַהֲבַ֖ת כְּלוּלֹתָ֑יִךְ לֶכְתֵּ֤ךְ אַחֲרַי֙ בַּמִּדְבָּ֔ר בְּאֶ֖רֶץ לֹ֥א זְרוּעָֽה׃", "text": "*Hālōk* *wə-qārāʾtā* *bə-ʾāznê* *Yərûšālaim* *lēʾmōr* *kōh* *ʾāmar* *YHWH* *zākartî* *lāk* *ḥesed* *nəʿûrayik* *ʾahăbat* *kəlûlōtāyik* *lektēk* *ʾaḥăray* *ba-midbār* *bə-ʾereṣ* *lōʾ* *zərûʿāh*", "grammar": { "*Hālōk*": "qal infinitive absolute - go", "*wə-qārāʾtā*": "conjunction + qal perfect, 2nd masculine singular - and you shall proclaim", "*bə-ʾāznê*": "preposition + construct dual of ear - in the ears of", "*Yərûšālaim*": "proper noun - Jerusalem", "*lēʾmōr*": "preposition + qal infinitive construct - saying", "*kōh*": "adverb - thus", "*ʾāmar*": "qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - he said", "*YHWH*": "proper noun, divine name - LORD/Yahweh", "*zākartî*": "qal perfect, 1st person singular - I remember/have remembered", "*lāk*": "preposition + 2nd feminine singular suffix - for you", "*ḥesed*": "noun, masculine singular - lovingkindness/loyalty", "*nəʿûrayik*": "noun, masculine plural construct + 2nd feminine singular suffix - of your youth", "*ʾahăbat*": "noun, feminine singular construct - love of", "*kəlûlōtāyik*": "noun, feminine plural + 2nd feminine singular suffix - your betrothals/weddings", "*lektēk*": "qal infinitive construct + 2nd feminine singular suffix - your going", "*ʾaḥăray*": "preposition + 1st singular suffix - after me", "*ba-midbār*": "preposition + definite article + noun, masculine singular - in the wilderness", "*bə-ʾereṣ*": "preposition + noun, feminine singular - in a land", "*lōʾ*": "negative particle - not", "*zərûʿāh*": "qal passive participle, feminine singular - sown" }, "variants": { "*Hālōk*": "go/going (emphatic)", "*qārāʾtā*": "proclaim/call out/cry", "*ḥesed*": "lovingkindness/loyalty/faithfulness/devotion", "*kəlûlōtāyik*": "your betrothals/your bridal state/your wedding days", "*midbār*": "wilderness/desert/uninhabited land" } } 3 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.2.3", "source": "קֹ֤דֶשׁ יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ לַיהוָ֔ה רֵאשִׁ֖ית תְּבוּאָתֹ֑ה כָּל־אֹכְלָ֣יו יֶאְשָׁ֔מוּ רָעָ֛ה תָּבֹ֥א אֲלֵיהֶ֖ם נְאֻם־יְהוָֽה׃ פ", "text": "*Qōdeš* *Yiśrāʾēl* *la-YHWH* *rēʾšît* *təbûʾātōh* *kol*-*ʾōkəlāyw* *yeʾšāmû* *rāʿāh* *tābōʾ* *ʾălêhem* *nəʾum*-*YHWH*", "grammar": { "*Qōdeš*": "noun, masculine singular construct - holiness/holy thing", "*Yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel", "*la-YHWH*": "preposition + divine name - to/for YHWH", "*rēʾšît*": "noun, feminine singular construct - beginning/firstfruits", "*təbûʾātōh*": "noun, feminine singular + 3rd masculine singular suffix - his produce/harvest", "*kol*": "noun, masculine singular construct - all of", "*ʾōkəlāyw*": "qal participle, masculine plural + 3rd masculine singular suffix - those who eat it", "*yeʾšāmû*": "qal imperfect, 3rd masculine plural - they shall be held guilty", "*rāʿāh*": "noun, feminine singular - evil/disaster", "*tābōʾ*": "qal imperfect, 3rd feminine singular - will come", "*ʾălêhem*": "preposition + 3rd masculine plural suffix - to them", "*nəʾum*-*YHWH*": "construct chain - declaration of YHWH" }, "variants": { "*Qōdeš*": "holiness/holy thing/sacred portion", "*rēʾšît*": "beginning/firstfruits/first portion", "*yeʾšāmû*": "will be guilty/will bear punishment/will suffer guilt", "*rāʿāh*": "evil/disaster/calamity/misfortune", "*nəʾum*": "declaration/utterance/oracle" } }
• Num 25:1-9 : 1 { "verseID": "Numbers.25.1", "source": "וַיֵּ֥שֶׁב יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל בַּשִּׁטִּ֑ים וַיָּ֣חֶל הָעָ֔ם לִזְנ֖וֹת אֶל־בְּנ֥וֹת מוֹאָֽב׃", "text": "*wə-yēšeḇ* *yiśrāʾēl* *ba-šiṭṭîm* *wə-yāḥel* the *ʿām* *liznôṯ* to *bənôṯ* *môʾāḇ*", "grammar": { "*wə-yēšeḇ*": "conjunction + Qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and dwelt/settled", "*yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun, masculine singular - Israel", "*ba-šiṭṭîm*": "preposition + proper noun - in Shittim", "*wə-yāḥel*": "conjunction + Hiphil imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and began", "*ʿām*": "common noun, masculine singular with definite article - the people", "*liznôṯ*": "preposition + Qal infinitive construct - to commit fornication/harlotry", "*bənôṯ*": "common noun, feminine plural construct - daughters of", "*môʾāḇ*": "proper noun - Moab" }, "variants": { "*yēšeḇ*": "dwelt/settled/abode", "*šiṭṭîm*": "place name, possibly 'acacia trees'", "*yāḥel*": "began/started/profaned", "*liznôṯ*": "to commit sexual immorality/to commit idolatry (metaphorically)/to be unfaithful" } } 2 { "verseID": "Numbers.25.2", "source": "וַתִּקְרֶ֣אןָ לָעָ֔ם לְזִבְחֵ֖י אֱלֹהֵיהֶ֑ן וַיֹּ֣אכַל הָעָ֔ם וַיִּֽשְׁתַּחֲוּ֖וּ לֵֽאלֹהֵיהֶֽן׃", "text": "*wə-tiqreʾnā* to-the-*ʿām* to-*ziḇḥê* *ʾĕlōhêhen* *wə-yōʾḵal* the-*ʿām* *wə-yištaḥăwû* to-*ʾĕlōhêhen*", "grammar": { "*wə-tiqreʾnā*": "conjunction + Qal imperfect 3rd feminine plural - and they (feminine) called/invited", "*ʿām*": "common noun, masculine singular with preposition and definite article - to the people", "*ziḇḥê*": "common noun, masculine plural construct with preposition - to sacrifices of", "*ʾĕlōhêhen*": "common noun, masculine plural with 3rd feminine plural possessive suffix - their gods", "*wə-yōʾḵal*": "conjunction + Qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and ate", "*wə-yištaḥăwû*": "conjunction + Hishtapel imperfect 3rd masculine plural - and they bowed down/worshipped", "*ʾĕlōhêhen*": "common noun, masculine plural with preposition and 3rd feminine plural possessive suffix - to their gods" }, "variants": { "*tiqreʾnā*": "called/invited/summoned", "*ziḇḥê*": "sacrifices/offerings", "*ʾĕlōhêhen*": "their gods/their deities", "*yōʾḵal*": "ate/consumed/partook", "*yištaḥăwû*": "bowed down/prostrated themselves/worshipped" } } 3 { "verseID": "Numbers.25.3", "source": "וַיִּצָּ֥מֶד יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל לְבַ֣עַל פְּע֑וֹר וַיִּֽחַר־אַ֥ף יְהוָ֖ה בְּיִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃", "text": "*wə-yiṣṣāmeḏ* *yiśrāʾēl* to-*baʿal pəʿôr* *wə-yiḥar-ʾap̄* *YHWH* against-*yiśrāʾēl*", "grammar": { "*wə-yiṣṣāmeḏ*": "conjunction + Niphal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and joined/yoked himself", "*yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun, masculine singular - Israel", "*baʿal pəʿôr*": "proper noun, masculine singular with preposition - to Baal of Peor", "*wə-yiḥar-ʾap̄*": "conjunction + Qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular + common noun - and burned the anger", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - the LORD", "*yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun with preposition - against Israel" }, "variants": { "*yiṣṣāmeḏ*": "joined/yoked/attached himself", "*baʿal pəʿôr*": "Baal of Peor (deity name)", "*yiḥar-ʾap̄*": "kindled anger/burned with wrath/became furious" } } 4 { "verseID": "Numbers.25.4", "source": "וַיֹּ֨אמֶר יְהוָ֜ה אֶל־מֹשֶׁ֗ה קַ֚ח אֶת־כָּל־רָאשֵׁ֣י הָעָ֔ם וְהוֹקַ֥ע אוֹתָ֛ם לַיהוָ֖ה נֶ֣גֶד הַשָּׁ֑מֶשׁ וְיָשֹׁ֛ב חֲר֥וֹן אַף־יְהוָ֖ה מִיִּשְׂרָאֵֽל׃", "text": "*wə-yōʾmer* *YHWH* to-*mōšeh* *qaḥ* *ʾeṯ*-all-*rāʾšê* the-*ʿām* *wə-hôqaʿ* *ʾôṯām* to-*YHWH* *negeḏ* the-*šāmeš* *wə-yāšōḇ* *ḥărôn* *ʾap̄*-*YHWH* from-*yiśrāʾēl*", "grammar": { "*wə-yōʾmer*": "conjunction + Qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and said", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - the LORD", "*mōšeh*": "proper noun with preposition - to Moses", "*qaḥ*": "Qal imperative masculine singular - take", "*ʾeṯ*": "direct object marker", "*rāʾšê*": "common noun, masculine plural construct - heads/leaders of", "*ʿām*": "common noun, masculine singular with definite article - the people", "*wə-hôqaʿ*": "conjunction + Hiphil imperative masculine singular - and hang/impale", "*ʾôṯām*": "direct object marker with 3rd masculine plural suffix - them", "*YHWH*": "proper noun with preposition - for/to the LORD", "*negeḏ*": "preposition - before/in front of", "*šāmeš*": "common noun, feminine singular with definite article - the sun", "*wə-yāšōḇ*": "conjunction + Qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and will turn away", "*ḥărôn*": "common noun, masculine singular - fierce/burning", "*ʾap̄*": "common noun, masculine singular construct - anger of", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - the LORD", "*yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun with preposition - from Israel" }, "variants": { "*rāʾšê*": "heads/chiefs/leaders", "*hôqaʿ*": "hang/impale/execute publicly", "*negeḏ ha-šāmeš*": "before the sun/in broad daylight/publicly", "*ḥărôn ʾap̄*": "fierce anger/burning wrath/intense fury" } } 5 { "verseID": "Numbers.25.5", "source": "וַיֹּ֣אמֶר מֹשֶׁ֔ה אֶל־שֹׁפְטֵ֖י יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל הִרְגוּ֙ אִ֣ישׁ אֲנָשָׁ֔יו הַנִּצְמָדִ֖ים לְבַ֥עַל פְּעֽוֹר׃", "text": "*wə-yōʾmer* *mōšeh* to-*šōp̄ṭê* *yiśrāʾēl* *hirgû* *ʾîš* *ʾănāšāyw* the-*niṣmāḏîm* to-*baʿal pəʿôr*", "grammar": { "*wə-yōʾmer*": "conjunction + Qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and said", "*mōšeh*": "proper noun - Moses", "*šōp̄ṭê*": "common noun, masculine plural construct with preposition - to judges of", "*yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel", "*hirgû*": "Qal imperative masculine plural - kill/slay", "*ʾîš*": "common noun, masculine singular - each man", "*ʾănāšāyw*": "common noun, masculine plural with 3rd masculine singular possessive suffix - his men", "*niṣmāḏîm*": "Niphal participle masculine plural with definite article - the ones joined/attached", "*baʿal pəʿôr*": "proper noun with preposition - to Baal of Peor" }, "variants": { "*šōp̄ṭê*": "judges/magistrates/leaders", "*hirgû*": "kill/slay/put to death", "*ʾîš ʾănāšāyw*": "each man his men/each one those under his authority", "*niṣmāḏîm*": "joined/yoked/attached" } } 6 { "verseID": "Numbers.25.6", "source": "וְהִנֵּ֡ה אִישׁ֩ מִבְּנֵ֨י יִשְׂרָאֵ֜ל בָּ֗א וַיַּקְרֵ֤ב אֶל־אֶחָיו֙ אֶת־הַמִּדְיָנִ֔ית לְעֵינֵ֣י מֹשֶׁ֔ה וּלְעֵינֵ֖י כָּל־עֲדַ֣ת בְּנֵי־יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל וְהֵ֣מָּה בֹכִ֔ים פֶּ֖תַח אֹ֥הֶל מוֹעֵֽד׃", "text": "*wə-hinnēh* *ʾîš* from-*bənê* *yiśrāʾēl* *bāʾ* *wə-yaqrēḇ* to-*ʾeḥāyw* *ʾeṯ*-the-*miḏyānîṯ* to-*ʿênê* *mōšeh* and-to-*ʿênê* all-*ʿăḏaṯ* *bənê*-*yiśrāʾēl* *wə-hēmmāh* *ḇōḵîm* *peṯaḥ* *ʾōhel* *môʿēḏ*", "grammar": { "*wə-hinnēh*": "conjunction + demonstrative particle - and behold", "*ʾîš*": "common noun, masculine singular - a man", "*bənê*": "common noun, masculine plural construct with preposition - from sons/children of", "*yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel", "*bāʾ*": "Qal perfect 3rd masculine singular - came", "*wə-yaqrēḇ*": "conjunction + Hiphil imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and brought near", "*ʾeḥāyw*": "common noun, masculine plural with 3rd masculine singular possessive suffix and preposition - to his brothers", "*miḏyānîṯ*": "proper adjective, feminine singular with definite article and direct object marker - the Midianite woman", "*ʿênê*": "common noun, feminine dual construct with preposition - to eyes/sight of", "*mōšeh*": "proper noun - Moses", "*ʿênê*": "common noun, feminine dual construct with preposition - to eyes/sight of", "*ʿăḏaṯ*": "common noun, feminine singular construct - congregation of", "*bənê*": "common noun, masculine plural construct - sons/children of", "*yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel", "*wə-hēmmāh*": "conjunction + 3rd person masculine plural pronoun - and they", "*ḇōḵîm*": "Qal participle masculine plural - weeping", "*peṯaḥ*": "common noun, masculine singular construct - entrance of", "*ʾōhel*": "common noun, masculine singular construct - tent of", "*môʿēḏ*": "common noun, masculine singular - meeting/appointed time" }, "variants": { "*hinnēh*": "behold/look/see", "*yaqrēḇ*": "brought near/presented/offered", "*miḏyānîṯ*": "Midianite woman (from Midian)", "*ʿênê*": "eyes/sight/presence", "*ʿăḏaṯ*": "congregation/assembly/community", "*ḇōḵîm*": "weeping/crying/mourning", "*peṯaḥ ʾōhel môʿēḏ*": "entrance of the tent of meeting/doorway of the tabernacle" } } 7 { "verseID": "Numbers.25.7", "source": "וַיַּ֗רְא פִּֽינְחָס֙ בֶּן־אֶלְעָזָ֔ר בֶּֽן־אַהֲרֹ֖ן הַכֹּהֵ֑ן וַיָּ֙קָם֙ מִתּ֣וֹךְ הָֽעֵדָ֔ה וַיִּקַּ֥ח רֹ֖מַח בְּיָדֽוֹ׃", "text": "*wə-yarʾ* *pînəḥās* *ben*-*ʾelʿāzār* *ben*-*ʾahărōn* the-*kōhēn* *wə-yāqom* from-*tôḵ* the-*ʿēḏāh* *wə-yiqqaḥ* *rōmaḥ* in-*yāḏô*", "grammar": { "*wə-yarʾ*": "conjunction + Qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and saw", "*pînəḥās*": "proper noun - Phinehas", "*ben*": "common noun, masculine singular construct - son of", "*ʾelʿāzār*": "proper noun - Eleazar", "*ben*": "common noun, masculine singular construct - son of", "*ʾahărōn*": "proper noun - Aaron", "*kōhēn*": "common noun, masculine singular with definite article - the priest", "*wə-yāqom*": "conjunction + Qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and arose/stood", "*tôḵ*": "common noun, masculine singular construct with preposition - from midst of", "*ʿēḏāh*": "common noun, feminine singular with definite article - the congregation", "*wə-yiqqaḥ*": "conjunction + Qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and took", "*rōmaḥ*": "common noun, masculine singular - spear/javelin", "*yāḏô*": "common noun, feminine singular with 3rd masculine singular possessive suffix and preposition - in his hand" }, "variants": { "*yarʾ*": "saw/observed/noticed", "*tôḵ*": "midst/among/middle", "*ʿēḏāh*": "congregation/assembly/community", "*rōmaḥ*": "spear/lance/javelin", "*yāḏô*": "his hand/his control" } } 8 { "verseID": "Numbers.25.8", "source": "וַ֠יָּבֹא אַחַ֨ר אִֽישׁ־יִשְׂרָאֵ֜ל אֶל־הַקֻּבָּ֗ה וַיִּדְקֹר֙ אֶת־שְׁנֵיהֶ֔ם אֵ֚ת אִ֣ישׁ יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל וְאֶת־הָאִשָּׁ֖ה אֶל־קֳבָתָ֑הּ וַתֵּֽעָצַר֙ הַמַּגֵּפָ֔ה מֵעַ֖ל בְּנֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃", "text": "*wə-yāḇōʾ* after *ʾîš*-*yiśrāʾēl* to-the-*qubbāh* *wə-yiḏqōr* *ʾeṯ*-*šənêhem* *ʾēṯ* *ʾîš* *yiśrāʾēl* and-*ʾeṯ*-the-*ʾiššāh* into-*qoḇāṯāh* *wə-tēʿāṣar* the-*maggēp̄āh* from-upon *bənê* *yiśrāʾēl*", "grammar": { "*wə-yāḇōʾ*": "conjunction + Qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and went", "*ʾîš*": "common noun, masculine singular construct - man of", "*yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel", "*qubbāh*": "common noun, feminine singular with definite article and preposition - to the chamber/alcove", "*wə-yiḏqōr*": "conjunction + Qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and pierced/thrust through", "*šənêhem*": "numeral, dual with 3rd masculine plural suffix and direct object marker - both of them", "*ʾēṯ*": "direct object marker", "*ʾîš*": "common noun, masculine singular - man", "*yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel", "*ʾiššāh*": "common noun, feminine singular with definite article and direct object marker and conjunction - and the woman", "*qoḇāṯāh*": "common noun, feminine singular with 3rd feminine singular possessive suffix and preposition - into her belly", "*wə-tēʿāṣar*": "conjunction + Niphal imperfect 3rd feminine singular - and was stopped/stayed", "*maggēp̄āh*": "common noun, feminine singular with definite article - the plague", "*bənê*": "common noun, masculine plural construct - sons/children of", "*yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel" }, "variants": { "*yāḇōʾ*": "went/came/followed", "*qubbāh*": "chamber/alcove/tent/pavilion", "*yiḏqōr*": "pierced/thrust through/stabbed", "*qoḇāṯāh*": "her belly/her abdomen/her stomach", "*tēʿāṣar*": "was stopped/was stayed/ceased", "*maggēp̄āh*": "plague/pestilence/slaughter" } } 9 { "verseID": "Numbers.25.9", "source": "וַיִּהְי֕וּ הַמֵּתִ֖ים בַּמַּגֵּפָ֑ה אַרְבָּעָ֥ה וְעֶשְׂרִ֖ים אָֽלֶף׃", "text": "*wə-yihyû* the-*mēṯîm* in-the-*maggēp̄āh* *ʾarbāʿāh* *wə-ʿeśrîm* *ʾālep̄*", "grammar": { "*wə-yihyû*": "conjunction + Qal imperfect 3rd masculine plural - and were", "*mēṯîm*": "Qal participle masculine plural with definite article - the dead ones", "*maggēp̄āh*": "common noun, feminine singular with definite article and preposition - in the plague", "*ʾarbāʿāh*": "numeral, feminine - four", "*wə-ʿeśrîm*": "conjunction + numeral - and twenty", "*ʾālep̄*": "common noun, masculine singular - thousand" }, "variants": { "*mēṯîm*": "dead ones/those who died", "*maggēp̄āh*": "plague/pestilence/slaughter", "*ʾarbāʿāh wə-ʿeśrîm ʾālep̄*": "twenty-four thousand" } } 10 { "verseID": "Numbers.25.10", "source": "וַיְדַבֵּ֥ר יְהוָ֖ה אֶל־מֹשֶׁ֥ה לֵּאמֹֽר׃", "text": "*wə-yəḏabbēr* *YHWH* to-*mōšeh* *lēʾmōr*", "grammar": { "*wə-yəḏabbēr*": "conjunction + Piel imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and spoke", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - the LORD", "*mōšeh*": "proper noun with preposition - to Moses", "*lēʾmōr*": "Qal infinitive construct with preposition - saying" }, "variants": { "*yəḏabbēr*": "spoke/said/declared", "*lēʾmōr*": "saying/to say" } } 11 { "verseID": "Numbers.25.11", "source": "פִּֽינְחָ֨ס בֶּן־אֶלְעָזָ֜ר בֶּן־אַהֲרֹ֣ן הַכֹּהֵ֗ן הֵשִׁ֤יב אֶת־חֲמָתִי֙ מֵעַ֣ל בְּנֵֽי־יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל בְּקַנְא֥וֹ אֶת־קִנְאָתִ֖י בְּתוֹכָ֑ם וְלֹא־כִלִּ֥יתִי אֶת־בְּנֵֽי־יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל בְּקִנְאָתִֽי׃", "text": "*pînəḥās* *ben*-*ʾelʿāzār* *ben*-*ʾahărōn* the-*kōhēn* *hēšîḇ* *ʾeṯ*-*ḥămāṯî* from-upon *bənê*-*yiśrāʾēl* in-*qanʾô* *ʾeṯ*-*qinʾāṯî* in-*tôḵām* and-not-*killîṯî* *ʾeṯ*-*bənê*-*yiśrāʾēl* in-*qinʾāṯî*", "grammar": { "*pînəḥās*": "proper noun - Phinehas", "*ben*": "common noun, masculine singular construct - son of", "*ʾelʿāzār*": "proper noun - Eleazar", "*ben*": "common noun, masculine singular construct - son of", "*ʾahărōn*": "proper noun - Aaron", "*kōhēn*": "common noun, masculine singular with definite article - the priest", "*hēšîḇ*": "Hiphil perfect 3rd masculine singular - turned away/caused to return", "*ḥămāṯî*": "common noun, feminine singular with 1st person singular possessive suffix and direct object marker - my wrath", "*bənê*": "common noun, masculine plural construct - sons/children of", "*yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel", "*qanʾô*": "Piel infinitive construct with 3rd masculine singular suffix and preposition - in his being zealous", "*qinʾāṯî*": "common noun, feminine singular with 1st person singular possessive suffix and direct object marker - my zeal", "*tôḵām*": "common noun, masculine singular with 3rd masculine plural suffix and preposition - in their midst", "*killîṯî*": "Piel perfect 1st person singular with negative particle and conjunction - and I did not consume", "*bənê*": "common noun, masculine plural construct - sons/children of", "*yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel", "*qinʾāṯî*": "common noun, feminine singular with 1st person singular possessive suffix and preposition - in my zeal" }, "variants": { "*hēšîḇ*": "turned away/averted/caused to return", "*ḥămāṯî*": "my wrath/my fury/my burning anger", "*qanʾô*": "his being zealous/his jealousy/his passion", "*qinʾāṯî*": "my zeal/my jealousy/my passion", "*killîṯî*": "consumed/destroyed/annihilated" } } 12 { "verseID": "Numbers.25.12", "source": "לָכֵ֖ן אֱמֹ֑ר הִנְנִ֨י נֹתֵ֥ן ל֛וֹ אֶת־בְּרִיתִ֖י שָׁלֽוֹם׃", "text": "*lāḵēn* *ʾĕmōr* *hinənî* *nōṯēn* to-him *ʾeṯ*-*bərîṯî* *šālôm*", "grammar": { "*lāḵēn*": "adverb - therefore", "*ʾĕmōr*": "Qal imperative masculine singular - say", "*hinənî*": "demonstrative particle with 1st person singular suffix - behold I", "*nōṯēn*": "Qal participle masculine singular - giving", "*bərîṯî*": "common noun, feminine singular with 1st person singular possessive suffix and direct object marker - my covenant", "*šālôm*": "common noun, masculine singular - peace" }, "variants": { "*lāḵēn*": "therefore/for this reason", "*ʾĕmōr*": "say/speak/tell", "*hinənî*": "behold I am/here I am", "*nōṯēn*": "giving/granting/bestowing", "*bərîṯî*": "my covenant/my agreement/my pact", "*šālôm*": "peace/well-being/completeness" } } 13 { "verseID": "Numbers.25.13", "source": "וְהָ֤יְתָה לּוֹ֙ וּלְזַרְע֣וֹ אַחֲרָ֔יו בְּרִ֖ית כְּהֻנַּ֣ת עוֹלָ֑ם תַּ֗חַת אֲשֶׁ֤ר קִנֵּא֙ לֵֽאלֹהָ֔יו וַיְכַפֵּ֖ר עַל־בְּנֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃", "text": "*wə-hāyəṯāh* to-him and-to-*zarʿô* after-him *bərîṯ* *kəhunnaṯ* *ʿôlām* *taḥaṯ* that *qinnēʾ* for-*ʾĕlōhāyw* *wə-yəḵappēr* for-*bənê* *yiśrāʾēl*", "grammar": { "*wə-hāyəṯāh*": "conjunction + Qal perfect 3rd feminine singular - and it shall be", "*zarʿô*": "common noun, masculine singular with 3rd masculine singular possessive suffix and preposition - and to his seed/offspring", "*bərîṯ*": "common noun, feminine singular construct - covenant of", "*kəhunnaṯ*": "common noun, feminine singular construct - priesthood of", "*ʿôlām*": "common noun, masculine singular - everlasting/forever", "*taḥaṯ*": "preposition - because/in place of", "*qinnēʾ*": "Piel perfect 3rd masculine singular - was zealous", "*ʾĕlōhāyw*": "common noun, masculine plural with 3rd masculine singular possessive suffix and preposition - for his God", "*wə-yəḵappēr*": "conjunction + Piel imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and made atonement", "*bənê*": "common noun, masculine plural construct - sons/children of", "*yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel" }, "variants": { "*zarʿô*": "his seed/his offspring/his descendants", "*bərîṯ kəhunnaṯ ʿôlām*": "covenant of everlasting priesthood/eternal priestly covenant", "*taḥaṯ*": "because/in return for/instead of", "*qinnēʾ*": "was zealous/was jealous/was passionate", "*yəḵappēr*": "made atonement/made propitiation/made reconciliation" } } 14 { "verseID": "Numbers.25.14", "source": "וְשֵׁם֩ אִ֨ישׁ יִשְׂרָאֵ֜ל הַמֻּכֶּ֗ה אֲשֶׁ֤ר הֻכָּה֙ אֶת־הַמִּדְיָנִ֔ית זִמְרִ֖י בֶּן־סָל֑וּא נְשִׂ֥יא בֵֽית־אָ֖ב לַשִּׁמְעֹנִֽי׃", "text": "*wə-šēm* *ʾîš* *yiśrāʾēl* the-*mukkeh* who *hukkāh* with-the-*miḏyānîṯ* *zimrî* *ben*-*sālûʾ* *nəśîʾ* *ḇêṯ*-*ʾāḇ* for-the-*šimʿōnî*", "grammar": { "*wə-šēm*": "conjunction + common noun, masculine singular construct - and name of", "*ʾîš*": "common noun, masculine singular construct - man of", "*yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel", "*mukkeh*": "Hophal participle masculine singular with definite article - the one smitten", "*hukkāh*": "Hophal perfect 3rd masculine singular - was smitten", "*miḏyānîṯ*": "proper adjective, feminine singular with definite article and direct object marker - with the Midianite woman", "*zimrî*": "proper noun - Zimri", "*ben*": "common noun, masculine singular construct - son of", "*sālûʾ*": "proper noun - Salu", "*nəśîʾ*": "common noun, masculine singular construct - leader/chief of", "*ḇêṯ*": "common noun, masculine singular construct - house of", "*ʾāḇ*": "common noun, masculine singular - father", "*šimʿōnî*": "proper adjective, masculine singular with preposition and definite article - for the Simeonite" }, "variants": { "*mukkeh*": "smitten/slain/struck down", "*hukkāh*": "was smitten/was slain/was killed", "*nəśîʾ ḇêṯ-ʾāḇ*": "leader of a father's house/chief of an ancestral house" } } 15 { "verseID": "Numbers.25.15", "source": "וְשֵׁ֨ם הָֽאִשָּׁ֧ה הַמֻּכָּ֛ה הַמִּדְיָנִ֖ית כָּזְבִּ֣י בַת־צ֑וּר רֹ֣אשׁ אֻמּ֥וֹת בֵּֽית־אָ֛ב בְּמִדְיָ֖ן הֽוּא׃", "text": "*wə-šēm* the-*ʾiššāh* the-*mukkāh* the-*miḏyānîṯ* *kozbî* *ḇaṯ*-*ṣûr* *rōʾš* *ʾummôṯ* *bêṯ*-*ʾāḇ* in-*miḏyān* he", "grammar": { "*wə-šēm*": "conjunction + common noun, masculine singular construct - and name of", "*ʾiššāh*": "common noun, feminine singular with definite article - the woman", "*mukkāh*": "Hophal participle feminine singular with definite article - the one smitten", "*miḏyānîṯ*": "proper adjective, feminine singular with definite article - the Midianite", "*kozbî*": "proper noun - Cozbi", "*ḇaṯ*": "common noun, feminine singular construct - daughter of", "*ṣûr*": "proper noun - Zur", "*rōʾš*": "common noun, masculine singular construct - head of", "*ʾummôṯ*": "common noun, feminine plural construct - peoples/tribes of", "*bêṯ*": "common noun, masculine singular construct - house of", "*ʾāḇ*": "common noun, masculine singular - father", "*miḏyān*": "proper noun with preposition - in Midian", "*hûʾ*": "3rd person masculine singular pronoun - he/it" }, "variants": { "*mukkāh*": "smitten/slain/struck down", "*rōʾš ʾummôṯ bêṯ-ʾāḇ*": "head of the peoples of a father's house/chief of the tribal divisions", "*hûʾ*": "he/it was (referring to Zur being the head)" } } 16 { "verseID": "Numbers.25.16", "source": "וַיְדַבֵּ֥ר יְהוָ֖ה אֶל־מֹשֶׁ֥ה לֵּאמֹֽר׃", "text": "*wə-yəḏabbēr* *YHWH* to-*mōšeh* *lēʾmōr*", "grammar": { "*wə-yəḏabbēr*": "conjunction + Piel imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and spoke", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - the LORD", "*mōšeh*": "proper noun with preposition - to Moses", "*lēʾmōr*": "Qal infinitive construct with preposition - saying" }, "variants": { "*yəḏabbēr*": "spoke/said/declared", "*lēʾmōr*": "saying/to say" } } 17 { "verseID": "Numbers.25.17", "source": "צָר֖וֹר אֶת־הַמִּדְיָנִ֑ים וְהִכִּיתֶ֖ם אוֹתָֽם׃", "text": "*ṣārôr* *ʾeṯ*-the-*miḏyānîm* *wə-hikkîṯem* *ʾôṯām*", "grammar": { "*ṣārôr*": "Qal infinitive absolute - harass/treat as enemies", "*miḏyānîm*": "proper adjective, masculine plural with definite article and direct object marker - the Midianites", "*wə-hikkîṯem*": "conjunction + Hiphil perfect 2nd masculine plural - and you shall smite", "*ʾôṯām*": "direct object marker with 3rd masculine plural suffix - them" }, "variants": { "*ṣārôr*": "harass/treat as enemies/vex/attack", "*hikkîṯem*": "smite/strike/defeat" } } 18 { "verseID": "Numbers.25.18", "source": "כִּ֣י צֹרְרִ֥ים הֵם֙ לָכֶ֔ם בְּנִכְלֵיהֶ֛ם אֲשֶׁר־נִכְּל֥וּ לָכֶ֖ם עַל־דְּבַר־פְּע֑וֹר וְעַל־דְּבַ֞ר כָּזְבִּ֨י בַת־נְשִׂ֤יא מִדְיָן֙ אֲחֹתָ֔ם הַמֻּכָּ֥ה בְיוֹם־הַמַּגֵּפָ֖ה עַל־דְּבַר־פְּעֽוֹר׃", "text": "For *ṣōrərîm* they to-you with-*niḵlêhem* that-*nikkəlû* to-you concerning-*dəḇar*-*pəʿôr* and-concerning-*dəḇar* *kozbî* *ḇaṯ*-*nəśîʾ* *miḏyān* *ʾăḥōṯām* the-*mukkāh* in-*yôm*-the-*maggēp̄āh* concerning-*dəḇar*-*pəʿôr*", "grammar": { "*ṣōrərîm*": "Qal participle masculine plural - enemies/harassers", "*niḵlêhem*": "common noun, masculine plural with 3rd masculine plural possessive suffix and preposition - with their tricks/devices", "*nikkəlû*": "Piel perfect 3rd masculine plural - they have deceived/beguiled", "*dəḇar*": "common noun, masculine singular construct - matter/affair of", "*pəʿôr*": "proper noun - Peor", "*dəḇar*": "common noun, masculine singular construct - matter/affair of", "*kozbî*": "proper noun - Cozbi", "*ḇaṯ*": "common noun, feminine singular construct - daughter of", "*nəśîʾ*": "common noun, masculine singular construct - prince/leader of", "*miḏyān*": "proper noun - Midian", "*ʾăḥōṯām*": "common noun, feminine singular with 3rd masculine plural possessive suffix - their sister", "*mukkāh*": "Hophal participle feminine singular with definite article - the one smitten", "*yôm*": "common noun, masculine singular construct - day of", "*maggēp̄āh*": "common noun, feminine singular with definite article - the plague", "*dəḇar*": "common noun, masculine singular construct - matter/affair of", "*pəʿôr*": "proper noun - Peor" }, "variants": { "*ṣōrərîm*": "enemies/harassers/adversaries", "*niḵlêhem*": "their tricks/their devices/their plots", "*nikkəlû*": "they have deceived/they have beguiled/they have dealt treacherously", "*dəḇar*": "matter/affair/incident", "*ʾăḥōṯām*": "their sister/their kinswoman", "*mukkāh*": "smitten/slain/struck down" } }
• Ps 106:28-29 : 28 { "verseID": "Psalms.106.28", "source": "וַ֭יִּצָּ֣מְדוּ לְבַ֣עַל פְּע֑וֹר וַ֝יֹּאכְל֗וּ זִבְחֵ֥י מֵתִֽים׃", "text": "*wayyiṣṣāmədū* to-*Ba'al* *Pə'ōr* *wayyō'kəlū* *zibḥê* *mētîm*", "grammar": { "*wayyiṣṣāmədū*": "niphal imperfect with waw consecutive, 3rd person plural - and they joined themselves", "*Ba'al*": "proper noun - Baal", "*Pə'ōr*": "proper noun - Peor", "*wayyō'kəlū*": "qal imperfect with waw consecutive, 3rd person plural - and they ate", "*zibḥê*": "noun, masculine, plural construct - sacrifices of", "*mētîm*": "adjective, masculine, plural - dead ones" }, "variants": { "*wayyiṣṣāmədū*": "and they joined themselves/attached themselves/yoked themselves", "*zibḥê*": "sacrifices/offerings", "*mētîm*": "dead ones/lifeless beings/corpses" } } 29 { "verseID": "Psalms.106.29", "source": "וַ֭יַּכְעִיסוּ בְּמַֽעַלְלֵיהֶ֑ם וַתִּפְרָץ־בָּ֝֗ם מַגֵּפָֽה׃", "text": "*wayyak'îsū* in-*ma'alələlêhem* *wattifroṣ*-in-them *maggēfāh*", "grammar": { "*wayyak'îsū*": "hiphil imperfect with waw consecutive, 3rd person plural - and they provoked to anger", "*ma'alələlêhem*": "noun + 3rd person plural suffix, masculine, plural - their deeds", "*wattifroṣ*": "qal imperfect with waw consecutive, 3rd person feminine singular - and it broke out", "*maggēfāh*": "noun, feminine, singular - plague" }, "variants": { "*wayyak'îsū*": "and they provoked to anger/vexed/irritated", "*ma'alələlêhem*": "their deeds/actions/practices", "*wattifroṣ*": "and it broke out/burst forth/erupted", "*maggēfāh*": "plague/pestilence/epidemic" } }
• Mic 7:1 : 1 { "verseID": "Micah.7.1", "source": "אַ֣לְלַי לִ֗י כִּ֤י הָיִ֙יתִי֙ כְּאָסְפֵּי־קַ֔יִץ כְּעֹלְלֹ֖ת בָּצִ֑יר אֵין־אֶשְׁכּ֣וֹל לֶאֱכ֔וֹל בִּכּוּרָ֖ה אִוְּתָ֥ה נַפְשִֽׁי׃", "text": "*ʾallay* to me, for *hāyîtî* like *ʾōsəpê*-*qayiṣ*, like *ʿōləlōt* *bāṣîr*; *ʾên*-*ʾešəkôl* to eat, *bikkûrāh* *ʾiwwətāh* *napəšî*.", "grammar": { "*ʾallay*": "interjection - woe/alas", "*lî*": "preposition with 1st person singular suffix - to/for me", "*kî*": "conjunction - for/because", "*hāyîtî*": "Qal perfect, 1st person singular - I have become/I am", "*kə*": "preposition - like/as", "*ʾōsəpê*": "construct plural noun - gatherings/gleanings of", "*qayiṣ*": "masculine singular noun - summer fruit/harvest", "*ʿōləlōt*": "feminine plural noun - gleanings", "*bāṣîr*": "masculine singular noun - grape harvest/vintage", "*ʾên*": "particle of negation - there is not", "*ʾešəkôl*": "masculine singular noun - cluster (of grapes)", "*leʾĕkôl*": "preposition + Qal infinitive construct - to eat", "*bikkûrāh*": "feminine singular noun - early/first-ripe fig", "*ʾiwwətāh*": "Piel perfect, 3rd person feminine singular - it desires/longs for", "*napəšî*": "feminine singular noun with 1st person singular suffix - my soul/self" }, "variants": { "*ʾallay*": "woe/alas/ah me", "*ʾōsəpê-qayiṣ*": "gatherings of summer fruit/late harvest/gleanings after the main harvest", "*ʿōləlōt*": "gleanings/leftover grapes after harvest", "*bāṣîr*": "grape harvest/vintage/grape-gathering", "*ʾešəkôl*": "cluster of grapes/bunch", "*bikkûrāh*": "first-ripe fig/early fruit/first-fruit", "*ʾiwwətāh*": "desires/longs for/craves", "*napəšî*": "my soul/my appetite/myself/my being" } }
• Rom 6:21 : 21 { "verseID": "Romans.6.21", "source": "Τίνα οὖν καρπὸν εἴχετε τότε ἐφʼ οἷς νῦν ἐπαισχύνεσθε; τὸ γὰρ τέλος ἐκείνων θάνατος.", "text": "*Tina oun karpon eichete tote eph' hois nyn epaischynesthe*? *to gar telos ekeinōn thanatos*.", "grammar": { "*Tina*": "interrogative pronoun, accusative, masculine, singular - what", "*oun*": "inferential particle - therefore/then", "*karpon*": "accusative, masculine, singular - fruit", "*eichete*": "imperfect active indicative, 2nd person plural - you had/were having", "*tote*": "adverb - then/at that time", "*eph' hois*": "prepositional phrase with relative pronoun, dative, neuter, plural - in the things which", "*nyn*": "adverb - now", "*epaischynesthe*": "present passive indicative, 2nd person plural - you are ashamed", "*to gar telos*": "for the end", "*ekeinōn*": "demonstrative pronoun, genitive, neuter, plural - of those things", "*thanatos*": "nominative, masculine, singular - death" }, "variants": { "*karpon*": "fruit/result/outcome", "*eichete*": "you had/you were having", "*epaischynesthe*": "you are ashamed/you feel shame", "*telos*": "end/outcome/purpose", "*ekeinōn*": "of those things/of them", "*thanatos*": "death/spiritual death" } }
• Isa 28:4 : 4 { "verseID": "Isaiah.28.4", "source": "וְהָיְתָה צִיצַת נֹבֵל צְבִי תִפְאַרְתּוֹ אֲשֶׁר עַל־רֹאשׁ גֵּיא שְׁמָנִים כְּבִכּוּרָהּ בְּטֶרֶם קַיִץ אֲשֶׁר יִרְאֶה הָרֹאֶה אוֹתָהּ בְּעוֹדָהּ בְּכַפּוֹ יִבְלָעֶנָּה", "text": "*Wə-hāyəṯāh* *ṣîṣaṯ* *nōḇēl* *ṣəḇî* *tip̄ʾartô* *ʾăšer* on-*rōʾš* *gēyʾ* *šəmānîm* like-*bikkûrāh* before *qayiṣ* *ʾăšer* *yirʾeh* *hārōʾeh* *ʾôṯāh* while-*bəʿôḏāh* in-*kappô* *yiḇlāʿennāh*", "grammar": { "*Wə-hāyəṯāh*": "conjunction + qal perfect 3rd feminine singular - and will be", "*ṣîṣaṯ*": "feminine singular construct - flower of", "*nōḇēl*": "masculine singular participle - fading/withering", "*ṣəḇî*": "masculine singular construct - beauty/glory of", "*tip̄ʾartô*": "feminine singular noun + 3rd masculine singular suffix - his splendor", "*ʾăšer*": "relative pronoun - which/that", "*rōʾš*": "masculine singular noun - head", "*gēyʾ*": "masculine singular construct - valley of", "*šəmānîm*": "masculine plural noun - fatness/fertility", "*bikkûrāh*": "feminine singular noun + 3rd feminine singular suffix - its early fig", "*qayiṣ*": "masculine singular noun - summer/harvest", "*ʾăšer*": "relative pronoun - which/that", "*yirʾeh*": "qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - sees", "*hārōʾeh*": "definite article + qal participle masculine singular - the seer/one who sees", "*ʾôṯāh*": "direct object marker + 3rd feminine singular suffix - it", "*bəʿôḏāh*": "preposition + adverb + 3rd feminine singular suffix - while still it", "*kappô*": "feminine singular noun + 3rd masculine singular suffix - his palm/hand", "*yiḇlāʿennāh*": "qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular + 3rd feminine singular suffix - he swallows it" }, "variants": { "*nōḇēl*": "fading/withering/drooping", "*ṣəḇî*": "beauty/glory/ornament/gazelle", "*šəmānîm*": "fatness/fertility/richness", "*bikkûrāh*": "early fig/first-ripe fruit", "*yiḇlāʿennāh*": "swallows it/devours it/consumes it" } }
• Exod 19:4-6 : 4 { "verseID": "Exodus.19.4", "source": "אַתֶּ֣ם רְאִיתֶ֔ם אֲשֶׁ֥ר עָשִׂ֖יתִי לְמִצְרָ֑יִם וָאֶשָּׂ֤א אֶתְכֶם֙ עַל־כַּנְפֵ֣י נְשָׁרִ֔ים וָאָבִ֥א אֶתְכֶ֖ם אֵלָֽי׃", "text": "*ʾattem* *rəʾîtem* *ʾăšer* *ʿāśîtî* to *miṣrāyim* *wā-ʾeśśāʾ* *ʾetkem* on *kanpê* *nəšārîm* *wā-ʾābîʾ* *ʾetkem* to me.", "grammar": { "*ʾattem*": "pronoun, 2nd masculine plural - you", "*rəʾîtem*": "verb, qal perfect 2nd masculine plural - you have seen", "*ʾăšer*": "relative particle - that/which", "*ʿāśîtî*": "verb, qal perfect 1st singular - I did/I have done", "*miṣrāyim*": "proper noun - Egypt/Egyptians", "*wā-ʾeśśāʾ*": "conjunction + verb, qal imperfect 1st singular with waw consecutive - and I carried/bore", "*ʾetkem*": "direct object marker + pronoun, 2nd masculine plural - you", "*kanpê*": "noun, feminine plural construct - wings of", "*nəšārîm*": "noun, masculine plural - eagles/vultures", "*wā-ʾābîʾ*": "conjunction + verb, hiphil imperfect 1st singular with waw consecutive - and I brought", "*ʾetkem*": "direct object marker + pronoun, 2nd masculine plural - you" }, "variants": { "*nəšārîm*": "eagles/vultures/large birds of prey", "*wā-ʾeśśāʾ*": "and I carried/and I bore/and I lifted" } } 5 { "verseID": "Exodus.19.5", "source": "וְעַתָּ֗ה אִם־שָׁמ֤וֹעַ תִּשְׁמְעוּ֙ בְּקֹלִ֔י וּשְׁמַרְתֶּ֖ם אֶת־בְּרִיתִ֑י וִהְיִ֨יתֶם לִ֤י סְגֻלָּה֙ מִכָּל־הָ֣עַמִּ֔ים כִּי־לִ֖י כָּל־הָאָֽרֶץ׃", "text": "*wə-ʿattāh* if *šāmôaʿ* *tišməʿû* in *qôlî* *û-šmartem* *ʾet*-*bərîtî* *wî-hyîtem* to me *səgullāh* from all the *ʿammîm* for to me [is] all the *ʾāreṣ*.", "grammar": { "*wə-ʿattāh*": "conjunction + adverb - and now", "*šāmôaʿ*": "infinitive absolute - hearing", "*tišməʿû*": "verb, qal imperfect 2nd masculine plural - you will hear/listen/obey", "*qôlî*": "noun, masculine singular construct + 1st person singular suffix - my voice", "*û-šmartem*": "conjunction + verb, qal perfect 2nd masculine plural - and you will keep/observe", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*bərîtî*": "noun, feminine singular + 1st person singular suffix - my covenant", "*wî-hyîtem*": "conjunction + verb, qal perfect 2nd masculine plural - and you will be", "*səgullāh*": "noun, feminine singular - special possession/treasure", "*ʿammîm*": "noun, masculine plural (with definite article) - peoples/nations", "*ʾāreṣ*": "noun, feminine singular (with definite article) - the earth/land" }, "variants": { "*šāmôaʿ tišməʿû*": "you will surely hear/listen/obey (emphatic construction)", "*səgullāh*": "special possession/treasured possession/personal property", "*ʿammîm*": "peoples/nations/ethnic groups" } } 6 { "verseID": "Exodus.19.6", "source": "וְאַתֶּ֧ם תִּהְיוּ־לִ֛י מַמְלֶ֥כֶת כֹּהֲנִ֖ים וְג֣וֹי קָד֑וֹשׁ אֵ֚לֶּה הַדְּבָרִ֔ים אֲשֶׁ֥ר תְּדַבֵּ֖ר אֶל־בְּנֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃", "text": "*wə-ʾattem* *tihyû*-to me *mamleḵet* *kōhănîm* *wə-gôy* *qādôš* these the *dəbārîm* *ʾăšer* *tədabbēr* to *bənê* *yiśrāʾēl*.", "grammar": { "*wə-ʾattem*": "conjunction + pronoun, 2nd masculine plural - and you", "*tihyû*": "verb, qal imperfect 2nd masculine plural - you will be", "*mamleḵet*": "noun, feminine singular construct - kingdom of", "*kōhănîm*": "noun, masculine plural - priests", "*wə-gôy*": "conjunction + noun, masculine singular - and nation", "*qādôš*": "adjective, masculine singular - holy/set apart", "*dəbārîm*": "noun, masculine plural (with definite article) - the words/things", "*ʾăšer*": "relative particle - which/that", "*tədabbēr*": "verb, piel imperfect 2nd masculine singular - you shall speak", "*bənê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - sons/children of", "*yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel" }, "variants": { "*mamleḵet kōhănîm*": "kingdom of priests/priestly kingdom", "*gôy qādôš*": "holy nation/set-apart people", "*dəbārîm*": "words/statements/matters" } }
• Num 13:23-24 : 23 { "verseID": "Numbers.13.23", "source": "וַיָּבֹ֜אוּ עַד־נַ֣חַל אֶשְׁכֹּ֗ל וַיִּכְרְת֨וּ מִשָּׁ֤ם זְמוֹרָה֙ וְאֶשְׁכּ֤וֹל עֲנָבִים֙ אֶחָ֔ד וַיִּשָּׂאֻ֥הוּ בַמּ֖וֹט בִּשְׁנָ֑יִם וּמִן־הָרִמֹּנִ֖ים וּמִן־הַתְּאֵנִֽים׃", "text": "*wa-yābōʾû* *ʿad*-*naḥal* *ʾeškōl* *wa-yikrətû* *mi-šām* *zəmôrâ* *wə-ʾeškôl* *ʿănābîm* *ʾeḥād* *wa-yiśśāʾûhû* *ba-môṭ* *bi-šnāyim* *û-min*-*hā-rimmōnîm* *û-min*-*ha-təʾēnîm*", "grammar": { "*wa-yābōʾû*": "waw consecutive + Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine plural - and they came", "*ʿad*": "preposition - to/as far as", "*naḥal*": "noun, masculine singular construct - valley of", "*ʾeškōl*": "proper noun - Eshcol", "*wa-yikrətû*": "waw consecutive + Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine plural - and they cut", "*mi-šām*": "preposition + adverb - from there", "*zəmôrâ*": "noun, feminine singular - branch", "*wə-ʾeškôl*": "conjunction + noun, masculine singular construct - and cluster of", "*ʿănābîm*": "noun, masculine plural - grapes", "*ʾeḥād*": "number, masculine singular - one", "*wa-yiśśāʾûhû*": "waw consecutive + Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine plural + 3rd masculine singular suffix - and they carried it", "*ba-môṭ*": "preposition + definite article + noun, masculine singular - on the pole", "*bi-šnāyim*": "preposition + number, masculine dual - between two", "*û-min*": "conjunction + preposition - and from", "*hā-rimmōnîm*": "definite article + noun, masculine plural - the pomegranates", "*û-min*": "conjunction + preposition - and from", "*ha-təʾēnîm*": "definite article + noun, feminine plural - the figs" }, "variants": { "*naḥal*": "valley/wadi/brook", "*ʾeškōl*": "proper name meaning 'cluster'", "*zəmôrâ*": "branch/cutting/vine", "*ʾeškôl*": "cluster/bunch", "*môṭ*": "pole/staff/bar", "*bi-šnāyim*": "between two/by two/with two" } } 24 { "verseID": "Numbers.13.24", "source": "לַמָּק֣וֹם הַה֔וּא קָרָ֖א נַ֣חַל אֶשְׁכּ֑וֹל עַ֚ל אֹד֣וֹת הָֽאֶשְׁכּ֔וֹל אֲשֶׁר־כָּרְת֥וּ מִשָּׁ֖ם בְּנֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃", "text": "*la-māqôm* *ha-hûʾ* *qārāʾ* *naḥal* *ʾeškôl* *ʿal* *ʾōdôt* *hā-ʾeškôl* *ʾăšer*-*kārtû* *mi-šām* *bənê* *yiśrāʾēl*", "grammar": { "*la-māqôm*": "preposition + definite article + noun, masculine singular - to the place", "*ha-hûʾ*": "definite article + demonstrative pronoun, masculine singular - that", "*qārāʾ*": "Qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - he called", "*naḥal*": "noun, masculine singular construct - valley of", "*ʾeškôl*": "proper noun - Eshcol", "*ʿal*": "preposition - because of", "*ʾōdôt*": "noun, feminine plural construct - account of", "*hā-ʾeškôl*": "definite article + noun, masculine singular - the cluster", "*ʾăšer*": "relative particle - which", "*kārtû*": "Qal perfect, 3rd masculine plural - they cut", "*mi-šām*": "preposition + adverb - from there", "*bənê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - sons/children of", "*yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel" }, "variants": { "*qārāʾ*": "called/named [subject implied rather than explicit]", "*naḥal*": "valley/wadi/brook", "*ʿal* *ʾōdôt*": "because of/on account of/concerning", "*kārtû*": "cut/cut down/harvested" } }
• Num 15:39 : 39 { "verseID": "Numbers.15.39", "source": "וְהָיָ֣ה לָכֶם֮ לְצִיצִת֒ וּרְאִיתֶ֣ם אֹת֗וֹ וּזְכַרְתֶּם֙ אֶת־כָּל־מִצְוֺ֣ת יְהוָ֔ה וַעֲשִׂיתֶ֖ם אֹתָ֑ם וְלֹֽא־תָתֻ֜רוּ אַחֲרֵ֤י לְבַבְכֶם֙ וְאַחֲרֵ֣י עֵֽינֵיכֶ֔ם אֲשֶׁר־אַתֶּ֥ם זֹנִ֖ים אַחֲרֵיהֶֽם", "text": "*wə-hāyāh* to-you for-*ṣîṣit* *û-rəʾîtem* *ʾōtô* *û-zəḵartem* *ʾet*-all-*miṣwōt* *YHWH* *wa-ʿăśîtem* *ʾōtām* *wə-lōʾ*-*tātūrû* after *ləḇaḇḵem* and-after *ʿênêḵem* which-you *zōnîm* after-them", "grammar": { "*wə-hāyāh*": "waw-consecutive + perfect, 3rd masculine singular - and it shall be", "*ṣîṣit*": "feminine singular noun - tassel/fringe", "*û-rəʾîtem*": "waw-conjunctive + perfect, 2nd masculine plural - and you shall see", "*ʾōtô*": "direct object marker with 3rd masculine singular suffix - it", "*û-zəḵartem*": "waw-conjunctive + perfect, 2nd masculine plural - and you shall remember", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*miṣwōt*": "feminine plural construct - commandments of", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - the LORD", "*wa-ʿăśîtem*": "waw-consecutive + perfect, 2nd masculine plural - and you shall do", "*ʾōtām*": "direct object marker with 3rd masculine plural suffix - them", "*wə-lōʾ*": "waw-conjunctive + negative particle - and not", "*tātūrû*": "imperfect, 2nd masculine plural - you shall search/follow", "*ləḇaḇḵem*": "masculine singular noun with 2nd masculine plural suffix - your heart", "*ʿênêḵem*": "feminine dual noun with 2nd masculine plural suffix - your eyes", "*zōnîm*": "participle, masculine plural - going astray/being unfaithful" }, "variants": { "*ṣîṣit*": "tassel/fringe/thread", "*tātūrû*": "follow/explore/seek out/spy", "*zōnîm*": "committing harlotry/being unfaithful/straying/whoring" } }
• Deut 4:3 : 3 { "verseID": "Deuteronomy.4.3", "source": "עֵֽינֵיכֶם֙ הָֽרֹאֹ֔ת אֵ֛ת אֲשֶׁר־עָשָׂ֥ה יְהוָ֖ה בְּבַ֣עַל פְּע֑וֹר כִּ֣י כָל־הָאִ֗ישׁ אֲשֶׁ֤ר הָלַךְ֙ אַחֲרֵ֣י בַֽעַל־פְּע֔וֹר הִשְׁמִיד֛וֹ יְהוָ֥ה אֱלֹהֶ֖יךָ מִקִּרְבֶּֽךָ", "text": "Your-*ʿênêkem* the-*rōʾōt* *ʾet* which-*ʿāśâ* *YHWH* in-*Baʿal Pᵉʿôr*, for all-the-*ʾîsh* who *hālak* after *Baʿal-Pᵉʿôr*, *hishmîdô* *YHWH* your-*ʾĕlōhêkā* from-*miqqirbᵉkā*", "grammar": { "*ʿênêkem*": "noun, feminine dual with second person masculine plural suffix - your eyes", "*rōʾōt*": "participle, qal, feminine plural - seeing", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*ʾăsher*": "relative pronoun - which/that", "*ʿāśâ*": "verb, qal perfect, third person masculine singular - he did/made", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - the divine name", "*bᵉ*": "preposition - in/with", "*Baʿal Pᵉʿôr*": "proper noun - Baal of Peor", "*kî*": "conjunction - for/because", "*kol*": "noun, masculine singular construct - all of", "*ʾîsh*": "noun, masculine singular - man", "*hālak*": "verb, qal perfect, third person masculine singular - he walked/went", "*ʾaḥărê*": "preposition - after/behind", "*hishmîdô*": "verb, hiphil perfect, third person masculine singular with third person masculine singular suffix - he destroyed him", "*ʾĕlōhêkā*": "noun, masculine plural with second person masculine singular suffix - your God", "*miqqirbᵉkā*": "preposition with noun, masculine singular with second person masculine singular suffix - from your midst" }, "variants": { "*ʿênêkem*": "your eyes/sight", "*rōʾōt*": "seeing/witnessing/observing", "*ʿāśâ*": "did/made/performed/accomplished", "*hālak*": "walked/went/followed", "*hishmîdô*": "destroyed him/annihilated him/eliminated him", "*miqqirbᵉkā*": "from your midst/from among you" } }
• Deut 32:10 : 10 { "verseID": "Deuteronomy.32.10", "source": "יִמְצָאֵ֙הוּ֙ בְּאֶ֣רֶץ מִדְבָּ֔ר וּבְתֹ֖הוּ יְלֵ֣ל יְשִׁמֹ֑ן יְסֹֽבְבֶ֙נְהוּ֙ יְב֣וֹנְנֵ֔הוּ יִצְּרֶ֖נְהוּ כְּאִישׁ֥וֹן עֵינֽוֹ׃", "text": "*yimṣāʾēhû* *bəʾereṣ* *midbār* *ûḇəṯōhû* *yəlēl* *yəšimōn* *yəsōḇəḇenhû* *yəḇônənēhû* *yiṣṣərenhû* *kəʾîšôn* *ʿênô*", "grammar": { "*yimṣāʾēhû*": "Qal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - he found him", "*bəʾereṣ*": "preposition + feminine singular construct noun - in land of", "*midbār*": "masculine singular noun - wilderness/desert", "*ûḇəṯōhû*": "conjunction + preposition + masculine singular noun - and in emptiness/waste", "*yəlēl*": "masculine singular noun - howling", "*yəšimōn*": "masculine singular noun - desert/wilderness", "*yəsōḇəḇenhû*": "Polel imperfect 3rd person masculine singular with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - he encircled him", "*yəḇônənēhû*": "Polel imperfect 3rd person masculine singular with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - he instructed him", "*yiṣṣərenhû*": "Qal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - he kept him", "*kəʾîšôn*": "preposition + masculine singular construct noun - as pupil of", "*ʿênô*": "feminine singular noun with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his eye" }, "variants": { "*yimṣāʾēhû*": "he found him/he discovered him/he came upon him", "*midbār*": "wilderness/desert/uninhabited land", "*tōhû*": "emptiness/wasteland/formlessness/chaos", "*yəlēl*": "howling/wailing/wilderness", "*yəšimōn*": "desert/wilderness/wasteland", "*yəsōḇəḇenhû*": "he encircled him/he surrounded him/he protected him", "*yəḇônənēhû*": "he instructed him/he cared for him/he gave him understanding", "*yiṣṣərenhû*": "he kept him/he guarded him/he preserved him", "*ʾîšôn ʿênô*": "pupil of his eye/apple of his eye" } }
• Deut 32:17 : 17 { "verseID": "Deuteronomy.32.17", "source": "יִזְבְּח֗וּ לַשֵּׁדִים֙ לֹ֣א אֱלֹ֔הַ אֱלֹהִ֖ים לֹ֣א יְדָע֑וּם חֲדָשִׁים֙ מִקָּרֹ֣ב בָּ֔אוּ לֹ֥א שְׂעָר֖וּם אֲבֹתֵיכֶֽם׃", "text": "*yizbəḥû* *laššēdîm* *lōʾ* *ʾĕlōah* *ʾĕlōhîm* *lōʾ* *yədāʿûm* *ḥădāšîm* *miqqārōḇ* *bāʾû* *lōʾ* *śəʿārûm* *ʾăḇōṯêḵem*", "grammar": { "*yizbəḥû*": "Qal imperfect 3rd person masculine plural - they sacrificed", "*laššēdîm*": "preposition + masculine plural noun with definite article - to the demons", "*lōʾ*": "negative particle - not", "*ʾĕlōah*": "masculine singular noun - God/god", "*ʾĕlōhîm*": "masculine plural noun - gods", "*lōʾ*": "negative particle - not", "*yədāʿûm*": "Qal perfect 3rd person masculine plural with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - they knew them", "*ḥădāšîm*": "masculine plural adjective - new ones", "*miqqārōḇ*": "preposition + masculine singular noun - from recently", "*bāʾû*": "Qal perfect 3rd person common plural - they came", "*lōʾ*": "negative particle - not", "*śəʿārûm*": "Qal perfect 3rd person common plural with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - they dreaded them", "*ʾăḇōṯêḵem*": "masculine plural noun with 2nd person masculine plural suffix - your fathers" }, "variants": { "*yizbəḥû*": "they sacrificed/they offered/they slaughtered", "*šēdîm*": "demons/evil spirits/false gods", "*lōʾ ʾĕlōah*": "not God/no god/godless things", "*yədāʿûm*": "they knew them/they were acquainted with them/they recognized them", "*ḥădāšîm*": "new ones/newcomers/recent ones", "*miqqārōḇ*": "from recently/from nearby/lately", "*bāʾû*": "they came/they arrived/they appeared", "*śəʿārûm*": "they dreaded them/they feared them/they were terrified of them" } }
• Judg 6:32 : 32 { "verseID": "Judges.6.32", "source": "וַיִּקְרָא־ל֥וֹ בַיּוֹם־הַה֖וּא יְרֻבַּ֣עַל לֵאמֹ֑ר יָ֤רֶב בּוֹ֙ הַבַּ֔עַל כִּ֥י נָתַ֖ץ אֶֽת־מִזְבְּחֽוֹ׃ פ", "text": "*wə-yiqrāʾ*-to-him in-the-*yôm*-the-*hûʾ* *Yərubbаʿal* *lēʾmōr* *yāreḇ* in-him the-*Baʿal* *kî* *nātaṣ* *ʾet*-*mizbeḥô*.", "grammar": { "*wə-yiqrāʾ*": "conjunction + imperfect 3rd person masculine singular - and he called", "*yôm*": "masculine singular noun - day", "*hûʾ*": "3rd person masculine singular pronoun - that", "*Yərubbаʿal*": "proper name - Jerubbaal", "*lēʾmōr*": "preposition + infinitive construct - saying", "*yāreḇ*": "jussive 3rd person masculine singular - let him contend", "*Baʿal*": "proper name - Baal", "*kî*": "conjunction - because/for", "*nātaṣ*": "perfect 3rd person masculine singular - tore down/demolished", "*mizbeḥô*": "masculine singular noun + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his altar" }, "variants": { "*yiqrāʾ*": "called/named", "*Yərubbаʿal*": "let Baal contend/let Baal strive (name meaning)", "*yāreḇ*": "let him contend/let him fight", "*nātaṣ*": "tore down/broke down/demolished" } }
• 1 Kgs 16:31 : 31 { "verseID": "1 Kings.16.31", "source": "וַיְהִי֙ הֲנָקֵ֣ל לֶכְתּ֔וֹ בְּחַטֹּ֖אות יָרָבְעָ֣ם בֶּן־נְבָ֑ט וַיִּקַּ֨ח אִשָּׁ֜ה אֶת־אִיזֶ֗בֶל בַּת־אֶתְבַּ֙עַל֙ מֶ֣לֶךְ צִידֹנִ֔ים וַיֵּ֙לֶךְ֙ וַֽיַּעֲבֹ֣ד אֶת־הַבַּ֔עַל וַיִּשְׁתַּ֖חוּ לֽוֹ׃", "text": "And *wayəhî* to-be-*hānāqēl* *lekəttô* in-*ḥaṭṭōʾwt* *yārāḇəʿām* son-of-*nəḇāṭ* and-*wayyiqqaḥ* woman *ʾet*-*ʾîzeḇel* daughter-of-*ʾetbaʿal* *melek* of-*ṣîḏōnîm* and-*wayyēlek* and-*wayyaʿăḇōḏ* *ʾet*-the-*baʿal* and-*wayyištaḥû* to-him", "grammar": { "*wayəhî*": "waw-consecutive + qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and it was/became", "*hānāqēl*": "hiphil infinitive construct + interrogative particle - was it light/easy thing", "*lekəttô*": "preposition + qal infinitive construct + 3rd masculine singular suffix - for his walking/going", "*ḥaṭṭōʾwt*": "noun feminine plural construct - sins of", "*yārāḇəʿām*": "proper name - Jeroboam", "*nəḇāṭ*": "proper name - Nebat", "*wayyiqqaḥ*": "waw-consecutive + qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and he took", "*ʾîzeḇel*": "proper name - Jezebel", "*ʾetbaʿal*": "proper name - Ethbaal", "*melek*": "noun masculine singular construct - king of", "*ṣîḏōnîm*": "proper name - Sidonians", "*wayyēlek*": "waw-consecutive + qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and he went", "*wayyaʿăḇōḏ*": "waw-consecutive + qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and he served", "*baʿal*": "proper name - Baal", "*wayyištaḥû*": "waw-consecutive + hishtaphel imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and he bowed down/worshipped" }, "variants": { "*wayəhî*": "and it happened/came to pass/was", "*hānāqēl*": "was it a trivial thing/light matter", "*lekəttô*": "his walking/going", "*ḥaṭṭōʾwt*": "sins/offenses", "*baʿal*": "lord/master/Baal [deity]" } }
• Ps 81:12 : 12 { "verseID": "Psalms.81.12", "source": "וְלֹא־שָׁמַ֣ע עַמִּ֣י לְקוֹלִ֑י וְ֝יִשְׂרָאֵ֗ל לֹא־אָ֥בָה לִֽי׃", "text": "And not-*šāmaʿ* my *ʿammî* to my *qôlî* and *wəyiśrāʾēl* not-*ʾābâ* to me", "grammar": { "*šāmaʿ*": "qal perfect 3rd masculine singular with negation and prefixed conjunction waw - 'and did not listen'", "*ʿammî*": "masculine singular noun with 1st person singular suffix - 'my people'", "*qôlî*": "masculine singular noun with 1st person singular suffix and prefixed preposition lamed - 'to my voice'", "*wəyiśrāʾēl*": "proper name with prefixed conjunction waw - 'and Israel'", "*ʾābâ*": "qal perfect 3rd masculine singular with negation - 'was not willing'" }, "variants": { "*šāmaʿ*": "listened/heard/obeyed", "*ʿammî*": "my people/my nation", "*qôlî*": "my voice/my sound/my call", "*ʾābâ*": "was willing/consented/desired" } }
• Jer 5:31 : 31 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.5.31", "source": "הַנְּבִיאִ֞ים נִבְּא֣וּ־בַשֶּׁ֗קֶר וְהַכֹּהֲנִים֙ יִרְדּ֣וּ עַל־יְדֵיהֶ֔ם וְעַמִּ֖י אָ֣הֲבוּ כֵ֑ן וּמַֽה־תַּעֲשׂ֖וּ לְאַחֲרִיתָֽהּ׃", "text": "The *nəbî'îm* *nibbə'û*-in the *šeqer*, and the *kōhănîm* *yirdû* upon-their *yədêhem*, and my *'ammî* *'āhăbû* thus; and what-you will *ta'ăśû* for its *'aḥărîtāh*?", "grammar": { "*ha*": "article - the", "*nəbî'îm*": "noun, masculine plural - prophets", "*nibbə'û*": "perfect, 3rd plural, niphal - they prophesied", "*ba*": "preposition + article - in the", "*šeqer*": "noun, masculine singular - falsehood/lie", "*wə*": "conjunction - and", "*ha*": "article - the", "*kōhănîm*": "noun, masculine plural - priests", "*yirdû*": "imperfect, 3rd masculine plural - they rule", "*'al*": "preposition - upon/according to", "*yədêhem*": "noun, feminine dual construct + 3rd masculine plural suffix - their hands", "*wə*": "conjunction - and", "*'ammî*": "noun, masculine singular + 1st singular suffix - my people", "*'āhăbû*": "perfect, 3rd plural - they loved", "*kēn*": "adverb - so/thus", "*wə*": "conjunction - and", "*mah*": "interrogative - what", "*ta'ăśû*": "imperfect, 2nd masculine plural - you will do", "*lə*": "preposition - for/to", "*'aḥărîtāh*": "noun, feminine singular + 3rd feminine singular suffix - its end" }, "variants": { "*nibbə'û-baššeqer*": "they prophesied falsely/prophesied lies", "*yirdû 'al-yədêhem*": "they rule at their direction/rule by their authority", "*'āhăbû kēn*": "loved it so/preferred it that way", "*'aḥărîtāh*": "its end/outcome/aftermath" } }
• Jer 31:2 : 2 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.31.2", "source": "כֹּ֚ה אָמַ֣ר יְהוָ֔ה מָצָ֥א חֵן֙ בַּמִּדְבָּ֔ר עַ֖ם שְׂרִ֣ידֵי חָ֑רֶב הָל֥וֹךְ לְהַרְגִּיע֖וֹ יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃", "text": "Thus *ʾāmar* *YHWH*, *māṣāʾ* *ḥēn* in the *midbār* *ʿam* *śərîdê* *ḥāreb*, *hālôk* to cause *hargîʿô* *Yiśrāʾēl*.", "grammar": { "*ʾāmar*": "verb, qal perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - he said", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - the LORD/Yahweh", "*māṣāʾ*": "verb, qal perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - he found", "*ḥēn*": "noun, masculine singular - grace/favor", "*midbār*": "noun, masculine singular - wilderness/desert", "*ʿam*": "noun, masculine singular construct - people", "*śərîdê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - survivors/remnant", "*ḥāreb*": "noun, feminine singular - sword", "*hālôk*": "verb, qal infinitive absolute - going/walking", "*hargîʿô*": "verb, hiphil infinitive construct with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - to give rest to him", "*Yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel" }, "variants": { "*ḥēn*": "grace/favor/kindness", "*midbār*": "wilderness/desert/wasteland", "*śərîdê*": "survivors/remnant/those who escaped", "*ḥāreb*": "sword/warfare/destruction", "*hālôk*": "going/walking/proceeding", "*hargîʿô*": "to give rest to/to cause to rest/to find repose" } }
• Hos 11:1 : 1 { "verseID": "Hosea.11.1", "source": "כִּ֛י נַ֥עַר יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל וָאֹהֲבֵ֑הוּ וּמִמִּצְרַ֖יִם קָרָ֥אתִי לִבְנִֽי׃", "text": "For *naʿar* *Yiśrāʾēl* and-*ʾōhăbēhû* and-from-*Miṣrayim* *qārāʾtî* to-*bənî*.", "grammar": { "*kî*": "conjunction - for/because/when", "*naʿar*": "noun, masculine singular construct - youth/boy/servant", "*Yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel", "*wə-*": "conjunction prefix - and", "*ʾōhăbēhû*": "verb, qal imperfect 1st person singular with 3rd masculine singular suffix - I loved him", "*û-*": "conjunction prefix - and", "*min-*": "preposition - from", "*Miṣrayim*": "proper noun - Egypt", "*qārāʾtî*": "verb, qal perfect 1st person singular - I called", "*lə-*": "preposition prefix - to/for", "*bənî*": "noun, masculine singular construct with 1st person singular suffix - my son" }, "variants": { "*naʿar*": "youth/child/boy/servant", "*ʾōhăbēhû*": "loved him/showed love to him", "*qārāʾtî*": "called/summoned/named" } }
• Amos 4:5 : 5 { "verseID": "Amos.4.5", "source": "וְקַטֵּ֤ר מֵֽחָמֵץ֙ תּוֹדָ֔ה וְקִרְא֥וּ נְדָב֖וֹת הַשְׁמִ֑יעוּ כִּ֣י כֵ֤ן אֲהַבְתֶּם֙ בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל נְאֻ֖ם אֲדֹנָ֥י יְהוִֽה׃", "text": "*wǝ-qaṭṭēr* from *ḥāmēṣ* *tôdāh* *wǝ-qirʾû* *nǝdābôt* *hašmîʿû* for thus *ʾahavtem* *bǝnê* *Yiśrāʾēl* *nǝʾum* *ʾAdōnāy* *YHWH*", "grammar": { "*wǝ-qaṭṭēr*": "conjunction + imperative, masculine singular, piel - and burn/offer", "*ḥāmēṣ*": "noun, masculine singular - leavened bread", "*tôdāh*": "noun, feminine singular - thanksgiving offering", "*wǝ-qirʾû*": "conjunction + imperative, masculine plural, qal - and proclaim/call", "*nǝdābôt*": "noun, feminine plural - freewill offerings", "*hašmîʿû*": "imperative, masculine plural, hiphil - make heard/proclaim", "*ʾahavtem*": "perfect, 2nd person masculine plural - you have loved", "*bǝnê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - sons/children of", "*Yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel", "*nǝʾum*": "construct noun - declaration of", "*ʾAdōnāy*": "noun, masculine singular with 1st person suffix - my Lord", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - divine name" }, "variants": { "*qaṭṭēr*": "burn/offer as incense/smoke", "*ḥāmēṣ*": "leavened bread/that which is leavened", "*tôdāh*": "thanksgiving offering/confession/praise", "*nǝdābôt*": "freewill offerings/voluntary gifts", "*hašmîʿû*": "make heard/proclaim/announce" } }