Verse 6

{ "verseID": "Lamentations.1.6", "source": "וַיֵּצֵ֥א מִבַּת־צִיּ֖וֹן כָּל־הֲדָרָ֑הּ הָי֣וּ שָׂרֶ֗יהָ כְּאַיָּלִים֙ לֹא־מָצְא֣וּ מִרְעֶ֔ה וַיֵּלְכ֥וּ בְלֹא־כֹ֖חַ לִפְנֵ֥י רוֹדֵֽף׃ ס", "text": "*wa*-*yēṣēʾ* from *baṯ*-*ṣîôn* all-her *hăḏārāh*; *hāyû* her *śāreyhā* like *ʾayyālîm* *lōʾ*-*māṣəʾû* *mirʿeh*, *wa*-*yēləḵû* without-*ḵōaḥ* before *rôḏēp̄*.", "grammar": { "*wa*": "conjunction - and", "*yēṣēʾ*": "qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - it goes out", "*mibbaṯ*": "preposition + noun, feminine singular construct - from daughter of", "*ṣîôn*": "proper noun - Zion", "*kāl*": "noun, construct - all of", "*hăḏārāh*": "noun, masculine singular with 3rd feminine singular suffix - her splendor", "*hāyû*": "qal perfect, 3rd plural - they became", "*śāreyhā*": "noun, masculine plural with 3rd feminine singular suffix - her princes", "*kəʾayyālîm*": "preposition + noun, masculine plural - like deer/stags", "*lōʾ*": "negative particle - not", "*māṣəʾû*": "qal perfect, 3rd plural - they found", "*mirʿeh*": "noun, masculine singular - pasture", "*yēləḵû*": "qal imperfect, 3rd plural - they go", "*ḇəlōʾ*": "preposition + negative particle - without", "*ḵōaḥ*": "noun, masculine singular - strength", "*lip̄nê*": "preposition + noun, masculine plural construct - before", "*rôḏēp̄*": "qal participle, masculine singular - pursuer" }, "variants": { "*yēṣēʾ*": "goes out/departs/is gone", "*baṯ-ṣîôn*": "daughter of Zion/Jerusalem", "*hăḏārāh*": "her splendor/her glory/her beauty", "*śāreyhā*": "her princes/her officials/her leaders", "*ʾayyālîm*": "deer/stags/harts", "*māṣəʾû*": "they found/they discovered", "*mirʿeh*": "pasture/grazing land/food", "*yēləḵû*": "they go/they walk/they proceed", "*ḵōaḥ*": "strength/power/might", "*rôḏēp̄*": "pursuer/hunter/one who chases" } }

Other Translations

• GT, oversatt fra Hebraisk

  All hennes prakt har forlatt datteren Sion. Hennes fyrster er blitt som hjorter som ikke finner kraft; de søker svakt bort foran forfølgeren.

• Moderne oversettelse av Bibelen fra 1611 KJV med hebraisk kontekst

  Fra Sions datter har all hennes prakt forsvunnet. Hennes fyrster er blitt som hjorter som ikke finner beite, og de har dratt uten styrke foran forfølgeren.

• Norsk King James

  Og fra Zions datter er all hennes skjønnhet borte; hennes fyrster er blitt som hjorter uten beite; de er uten kraft foran forfølgeren.

• Modernisert Norsk Bibel 1866

  Fra Sions datter er all hennes prakt tatt bort; hennes fyrster var som hjorter som ikke finner beite, de gikk uten styrke foran forfølgeren.

• Oversettelse av hebraiske Bibeltekster til moderne norsk bokmål

  All prakten har forlatt datter Sion. Hennes fyrster er blitt som hjorter som ikke finner beite, de har ingen styrke igjen og flykter for forfølgerne.

• Bibelen: En Moderne Oversettelse av King James Version 1611

  Fra Sions datter er all hennes skjønnhet forsvunnet; hennes fyrster er blitt som hjorter som ikke finner beite, og de har gått uten styrke foran forfølgeren.

• o3-mini KJV Norsk

  Og all skjønnheten hos datteren av Zion er borte; hennes fyrster er som hjorter som ikke finner beite, og de har mistet sin kraft i møte med forfølgeren.

• En Moderne Oversettelse av King James Version 1611 (mar 2025)

  Fra Sions datter er all hennes skjønnhet forsvunnet; hennes fyrster er blitt som hjorter som ikke finner beite, og de har gått uten styrke foran forfølgeren.

• Lingvistisk bibeloversettelse fra grunntekst

  Fra datterens Sion er all hennes prakt forsvunnet. Hennes fyrster er blitt som hjorter som ikke finner beite, de går avmektige foran forfølgeren.

• Linguistic Bible Translation from Source Texts

  All the splendor has departed from Daughter Zion. Her princes are like deer that find no pasture; they flee without strength before the pursuer.

• GT, oversatt fra hebraisk Aug2024

  Fra datteren av Sion er all hennes prakt borte. Hennes fyrster har blitt som hjorter som ikke finner beite, de går uten styrke foran forfølgeren.

• Original Norsk Bibel 1866

  Og fra Zions Datter er udført al hendes Prydelse; hendes Fyrster vare ligesom Hjorte, der ikke finde Føde, og gik foruden Kraft for Forfølgerens Ansigt.

• King James Version 1769 (Standard Version)

  And from the daughter of Zion all her beauty is departed: her princes are become like harts that find no pasture, and they are gone without strength before the pursuer.

• KJV 1769 norsk

  Fra datteren av Sion har all hennes skjønnhet gått bort: hennes fyrster har blitt som hjorter som ikke finner beite, og de har gått uten styrke foran forfølgeren.

• KJV1611 - Moderne engelsk

  And from the daughter of Zion all her beauty is departed: her princes have become like deer that find no pasture, and they have gone without strength before the pursuer.

• King James Version 1611 (Original)

  And from the daughter of Zion all her beauty is departed: her princes are become like harts that find no pasture, and they are gone without strength before the pursuer.

• Norsk oversettelse av Webster

  Fra datteren av Sion er all hennes prakt borte: Hennes fyrster er blitt som hjorter som ikke finner beite, De går uten styrke foran forfølgerne.

• Norsk oversettelse av Youngs Literal Translation

  All hennes pryd har gått bort fra datteren av Sion. Hennes fyrster er som hjorter som ikke finner beite og går kraftløse foran forfølgeren.

• Norsk oversettelse av ASV1901

  Fra datteren av Sion er all hennes prakt borte: Hennes fyrster er blitt som hjorter uten beite, Og de har mistet styrken foran forfølgeren.

• Norsk oversettelse av BBE

  All hennes prakt har forsvunnet fra Sions datter: hennes fyrster er blitt som hjorter uten beite, og de flykter uten styrke foran angriperen.

• Coverdale Bible (1535)

  All the bewtie of the doughter of Sion is awaye, hir prynces are become like wethers, that fynde no pasture. They are dryue awaye before their enemie, so that they haue no more power.

• Geneva Bible (1560)

  And from the daughter of Zion all her beautie is departed: her princes are become like harts that finde no pasture, & they are gone without strength before the pursuer.

• Bishops' Bible (1568)

  All the beautie of the daughter of Sion is away, her princes are become lyke hartes that fynde no pasture, they are driuen away before their enemie, so that they haue no more power.

• Authorized King James Version (1611)

  And from the daughter of Zion all her beauty is departed: her princes are become like harts [that] find no pasture, and they are gone without strength before the pursuer.

• Webster's Bible (1833)

  From the daughter of Zion all her majesty is departed: Her princes are become like harts that find no pasture, They are gone without strength before the pursuer.

• Young's Literal Translation (1862/1898)

  And go out from the daughter of Zion doth all her honour, Her princes have been as harts -- They have not found pasture, And they go powerless before a pursuer.

• American Standard Version (1901)

  And from the daughter of Zion all her majesty is departed: Her princes are become like harts that find no pasture, And they are gone without strength before the pursuer.

• Bible in Basic English (1941)

  And all her glory has gone from the daughter of Zion: her rulers have become like harts with no place for food, and they have gone in flight without strength before the attacker.

• World English Bible (2000)

  From the daughter of Zion all her majesty is departed: her princes are become like harts that find no pasture, they are gone without strength before the pursuer.

• NET Bible® (New English Translation)

  ו(Vav) All of Daughter Zion’s splendor has departed. Her leaders became like deer; they found no pasture, so they were too exhausted to escape from the hunter.

Referenced Verses

• Ezek 24:25 : 25 { "verseID": "Ezekiel.24.25", "source": "וְאַתָּ֣ה בֶן־אָדָ֔ם הֲל֗וֹא בְּי֨וֹם קַחְתִּ֤י מֵהֶם֙ אֶת־מָ֣עוּזָּ֔ם מְשׂ֖וֹשׂ תִּפְאַרְתָּ֑ם אֶת־מַחְמַ֤ד עֵֽינֵיהֶם֙ וְאֶת־מַשָּׂ֣א נַפְשָׁ֔ם בְּנֵיהֶ֖ם וּבְנוֹתֵיהֶֽם׃", "text": "And you, *ben-'āḏām*, will it not be in the *yôm* of my *qaḥtî* from them *'eṯ-mā'ûzām*, *məśôś* *tip̄'artām*, *'eṯ-maḥmaḏ* *'ênêhem*, and *'eṯ-maśśā'* *nap̄šām*, their *bənêhem* and their *ḇənôṯêhem*?", "grammar": { "*ben-'āḏām*": "construct phrase - son of man/human", "*yôm*": "masculine singular noun with preposition and definite article - in the day", "*qaḥtî*": "qal infinitive construct with 1st common singular suffix - my taking", "*'eṯ-mā'ûzām*": "direct object marker + masculine singular noun with 3rd masculine plural suffix - their stronghold", "*məśôś*": "masculine singular construct - joy of", "*tip̄'artām*": "feminine singular noun with 3rd masculine plural suffix - their glory", "*'eṯ-maḥmaḏ*": "direct object marker + masculine singular construct - desire of", "*'ênêhem*": "feminine dual noun with 3rd masculine plural suffix - their eyes", "*'eṯ-maśśā'*": "direct object marker + masculine singular construct - burden/lifting up of", "*nap̄šām*": "feminine singular noun with 3rd masculine plural suffix - their soul", "*bənêhem*": "masculine plural noun with 3rd masculine plural suffix - their sons", "*ḇənôṯêhem*": "feminine plural noun with 3rd masculine plural suffix - their daughters" }, "variants": { "*ben-'āḏām*": "son of man/human/mortal", "*yôm*": "day/time/moment", "*qaḥtî*": "my taking/receiving/seizing", "*'eṯ-mā'ûzām*": "their stronghold/fortress/strength", "*məśôś*": "joy/delight/rejoicing of", "*tip̄'artām*": "their glory/beauty/splendor", "*'eṯ-maḥmaḏ*": "desire/delight/pleasant thing of", "*'ênêhem*": "their eyes/sight", "*'eṯ-maśśā'*": "burden/lifting up/desire of", "*nap̄šām*": "their soul/life/self", "*bənêhem*": "their sons/children", "*ḇənôṯêhem*": "their daughters" } }
• Zeph 3:14-17 : 14 { "verseID": "Zephaniah.3.14", "source": "רָנִּי֙ בַּת־צִיּ֔וֹן הָרִ֖יעוּ יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל שִׂמְחִ֤י וְעָלְזִי֙ בְּכָל־לֵ֔ב בַּ֖ת יְרוּשָׁלָֽ͏ִם", "text": "*rānnî* *bat*-*ṣiyyôn*, *hārîʿû* *yiśrāʾēl*; *śimḥî* and *ʿālezî* in all-*lēb*, *bat* *yĕrûšālāim*", "grammar": { "*rānnî*": "qal imperative feminine singular - sing/cry out", "*bat*": "feminine singular construct - daughter of", "*ṣiyyôn*": "proper noun - Zion", "*hārîʿû*": "hiphil imperative masculine plural - shout", "*yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel", "*śimḥî*": "qal imperative feminine singular - rejoice", "*ʿālezî*": "qal imperative feminine singular - exult/be jubilant", "*lēb*": "masculine singular noun - heart", "*yĕrûšālāim*": "proper noun - Jerusalem" }, "variants": { "*rānnî*": "sing/cry out/shout for joy", "*bat*": "daughter/inhabitants", "*hārîʿû*": "shout/raise a shout/cry aloud", "*śimḥî*": "rejoice/be glad", "*ʿālezî*": "exult/be jubilant/triumph", "*lēb*": "heart/mind/inner self" } } 15 { "verseID": "Zephaniah.3.15", "source": "הֵסִ֤יר יְהוָה֙ מִשְׁפָּטַ֔יִךְ פִּנָּ֖ה אֹֽיְבֵ֑ךְ מֶ֣לֶךְ יִשְׂרָאֵ֤ל ׀ יְהוָה֙ בְּקִרְבֵּ֔ךְ לֹא־תִֽירְאִ֥י רָ֖ע עֽוֹד", "text": "*hēsîr* *YHWH* *mišpāṭayik*, *pinnâ* *ʾōyĕbēk*; *melek* *yiśrāʾēl* *YHWH* in *qirbēk*, not-*tîrʾî* *rāʿ* again", "grammar": { "*hēsîr*": "hiphil perfect 3rd masculine singular - he has removed", "*YHWH*": "divine name - Yahweh", "*mišpāṭayik*": "masculine plural noun with 2nd feminine singular suffix - your judgments", "*pinnâ*": "piel perfect 3rd masculine singular - he has cleared away", "*ʾōyĕbēk*": "qal participle masculine singular with 2nd feminine singular suffix - your enemy", "*melek*": "masculine singular construct - king of", "*yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel", "*qirbēk*": "masculine singular noun with preposition and 2nd feminine singular suffix - in your midst", "*tîrʾî*": "qal imperfect 2nd feminine singular - you will fear", "*rāʿ*": "masculine singular noun/adjective - evil/disaster" }, "variants": { "*hēsîr*": "he has removed/taken away", "*mišpāṭayik*": "your judgments/punishments", "*pinnâ*": "he has cleared away/removed/turned", "*ʾōyĕbēk*": "your enemy/foe/adversary", "*melek*": "king/sovereign", "*qirbēk*": "in your midst/among you", "*tîrʾî*": "you will fear/be afraid", "*rāʿ*": "evil/disaster/calamity" } } 16 { "verseID": "Zephaniah.3.16", "source": "בַּיּ֣וֹם הַה֔וּא יֵאָמֵ֥ר לִירֽוּשָׁלַ֖͏ִם אַל־תִּירָ֑אִי צִיּ֖וֹן אַל־יִרְפּ֥וּ יָדָֽיִךְ", "text": "In *yôm* *hahûʾ* *yēʾāmēr* to *yĕrûšālāim* not-*tîrāʾî*; *ṣiyyôn* not-*yirpû* *yādāyik*", "grammar": { "*yôm*": "masculine singular noun - day", "*hahûʾ*": "demonstrative adjective - that", "*yēʾāmēr*": "niphal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - it will be said", "*yĕrûšālāim*": "proper noun - Jerusalem", "*tîrāʾî*": "qal imperfect 2nd feminine singular - you will fear", "*ṣiyyôn*": "proper noun - Zion", "*yirpû*": "qal imperfect 3rd masculine plural - they will drop/become weak", "*yādāyik*": "feminine dual noun with 2nd feminine singular suffix - your hands" }, "variants": { "*yôm*": "day/time", "*hahûʾ*": "that/the same", "*yēʾāmēr*": "it will be said/proclaimed", "*tîrāʾî*": "you will fear/be afraid", "*yirpû*": "they will drop/become weak/fall slack", "*yādāyik*": "your hands/power/strength" } } 17 { "verseID": "Zephaniah.3.17", "source": "יְהוָ֧ה אֱלֹהַ֛יִךְ בְּקִרְבֵּ֖ך גִּבּ֣וֹר יוֹשִׁ֑יעַ יָשִׂ֨ישׂ עָלַ֜יִךְ בְּשִׂמְחָ֗ה יַחֲרִישׁ֙ בְּאַ֣הֲבָת֔וֹ יָגִ֥יל עָלַ֖יִךְ בְּרִנָּֽה", "text": "*YHWH* *ʾĕlōhayik* in *qirbēk* *gibbôr* *yôšîaʿ*; *yāśîś* upon *ʿālayik* in *śimḥâ*, *yaḥărîš* in *ʾahăbātô*, *yāgîl* upon *ʿālayik* in *rinnâ*", "grammar": { "*YHWH*": "divine name - Yahweh", "*ʾĕlōhayik*": "masculine plural noun with 2nd feminine singular suffix - your God", "*qirbēk*": "masculine singular noun with preposition and 2nd feminine singular suffix - in your midst", "*gibbôr*": "masculine singular adjective - mighty", "*yôšîaʿ*": "hiphil imperfect 3rd masculine singular - he will save", "*yāśîś*": "qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - he will rejoice", "*ʿālayik*": "preposition with 2nd feminine singular suffix - over you", "*śimḥâ*": "feminine singular noun - joy/gladness", "*yaḥărîš*": "hiphil imperfect 3rd masculine singular - he will be quiet/silent", "*ʾahăbātô*": "feminine singular noun with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his love", "*yāgîl*": "qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - he will exult", "*rinnâ*": "feminine singular noun - joyful shout/singing" }, "variants": { "*ʾĕlōhayik*": "your God/deity", "*qirbēk*": "in your midst/among you", "*gibbôr*": "mighty/strong/warrior", "*yôšîaʿ*": "he will save/deliver/give victory", "*yāśîś*": "he will rejoice/be glad", "*śimḥâ*": "joy/gladness/happiness", "*yaḥărîš*": "he will be quiet/silent/still/renew", "*ʾahăbātô*": "his love/affection", "*yāgîl*": "he will exult/be glad/rejoice", "*rinnâ*": "joyful shout/singing/cry" } }
• Lev 26:36-37 : 36 { "verseID": "Leviticus.26.36", "source": "וְהַנִּשְׁאָרִ֣ים בָּכֶ֔ם וְהֵבֵ֤אתִי מֹ֙רֶךְ֙ בִּלְבָבָ֔ם בְּאַרְצֹ֖ת אֹיְבֵיהֶ֑ם וְרָדַ֣ף אֹתָ֗ם ק֚וֹל עָלֶ֣ה נִדָּ֔ף וְנָס֧וּ מְנֻֽסַת־חֶ֛רֶב וְנָפְל֖וּ וְאֵ֥ין רֹדֵֽף׃", "text": "And *wə-ha-nišʾārîm* among you *bāḵem* and *wə-hēḇēʾṯî* *mōreḵ* in their hearts *bi-lḇāḇām* in lands of *bə-ʾarṣōṯ* their enemies *ʾōyəḇêhem* and *wə-rāḏap̄* them *ʾōṯām* *qôl* *ʿāleh* *niddāp̄* and *wə-nāsû* *mənusaṯ*-*ḥereḇ* and *wə-nāp̄əlû* and *wə-ʾên* *rōḏēp̄*.", "grammar": { "*wə-ha-nišʾārîm*": "conjunction + definite article + Niphal participle masculine plural - and the ones remaining", "*bāḵem*": "preposition with 2nd person masculine plural suffix - among you", "*wə-hēḇēʾṯî*": "conjunction + Hiphil perfect 1st person singular - and I will bring", "*mōreḵ*": "masculine singular noun - faintness/softness", "*bi-lḇāḇām*": "preposition + masculine singular noun with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - into their hearts", "*bə-ʾarṣōṯ*": "preposition + feminine plural construct - in lands of", "*ʾōyəḇêhem*": "masculine plural noun with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - their enemies", "*wə-rāḏap̄*": "conjunction + Qal perfect 3rd person masculine singular - and will pursue", "*ʾōṯām*": "direct object marker with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - them", "*qôl*": "masculine singular construct - sound of", "*ʿāleh*": "masculine singular noun - leaf", "*niddāp̄*": "Niphal participle masculine singular - being driven", "*wə-nāsû*": "conjunction + Qal perfect 3rd person common plural - and they will flee", "*mənusaṯ*": "feminine singular construct - flight of", "*ḥereḇ*": "feminine singular noun - sword", "*wə-nāp̄əlû*": "conjunction + Qal perfect 3rd person common plural - and they will fall", "*wə-ʾên*": "conjunction + particle of negation - and there is not", "*rōḏēp̄*": "Qal participle masculine singular - one pursuing" }, "variants": { "*nišʾārîm*": "remaining/left/surviving", "*hēḇēʾṯî*": "bring/carry/lead", "*mōreḵ*": "faintness/cowardice/softness", "*lḇāḇām*": "their heart/mind/inner being", "*ʾarṣōṯ*": "lands/territories/countries", "*ʾōyəḇêhem*": "their enemies/foes/adversaries", "*rāḏap̄*": "pursue/chase/follow after", "*qôl*": "sound/noise/voice", "*ʿāleh*": "leaf/foliage", "*niddāp̄*": "being driven/scattered/blown away", "*nāsû*": "flee/escape/run away", "*mənusaṯ*": "flight/escape", "*ḥereḇ*": "sword/knife/cutting instrument", "*nāp̄əlû*": "fall/drop/be cast down", "*ʾên*": "there is not/nothing/no", "*rōḏēp̄*": "pursuer/chaser" } } 37 { "verseID": "Leviticus.26.37", "source": "וְכָשְׁל֧וּ אִישׁ־בְּאָחִ֛יו כְּמִפְּנֵי־חֶ֖רֶב וְרֹדֵ֣ף אָ֑יִן וְלֹא־תִֽהְיֶ֤ה לָכֶם֙ תְּקוּמָ֔ה לִפְנֵ֖י אֹֽיְבֵיכֶֽם׃", "text": "*wə-kāšəlû* *ʾîš*-*bəʾāḥîw* *kəmippənê*-*ḥereb* *wə-rōdēp* *ʾāyin* *wə-lōʾ*-*tihyeh* *lākem* *təqûmāh* *lipnê* *ʾōyəbêkem*", "grammar": { "*wə-kāšəlû*": "conjunction + Qal perfect 3rd person plural - and they shall stumble/fall", "*ʾîš*": "masculine singular construct - each man/one", "*bəʾāḥîw*": "preposition + masculine noun with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - against his brother", "*kəmippənê*": "preposition + preposition + construct form - as from before/as if fleeing from", "*ḥereb*": "feminine singular noun - sword", "*wə-rōdēp*": "conjunction + Qal participle masculine singular - and pursuer", "*ʾāyin*": "adverb of negation - there is none", "*wə-lōʾ*": "conjunction + negative particle - and not", "*tihyeh*": "Qal imperfect 3rd person feminine singular - will be", "*lākem*": "preposition + 2nd person masculine plural suffix - to you", "*təqûmāh*": "feminine singular noun - standing/ability to stand/resistance", "*lipnê*": "preposition + construct form - before/in front of", "*ʾōyəbêkem*": "masculine plural noun with 2nd person masculine plural suffix - your enemies" }, "variants": { "*kāšəlû*": "stumble/fall/stagger/fail", "*ʾîš*": "man/each one/one another", "*kəmippənê*": "as if before/as if fleeing from", "*təqûmāh*": "standing/ability to rise/resistance/recovery" } }
• Deut 28:25 : 25 { "verseID": "Deuteronomy.28.25", "source": "יִתֶּנְךָ֨ יְהוָ֥ה ׀ נִגָּף֮ לִפְנֵ֣י אֹיְבֶיךָ֒ בְּדֶ֤רֶךְ אֶחָד֙ תֵּצֵ֣א אֵלָ֔יו וּבְשִׁבְעָ֥ה דְרָכִ֖ים תָּנ֣וּס לְפָנָ֑יו וְהָיִ֣יתָ לְזַעֲוָ֔ה לְכֹ֖ל מַמְלְכ֥וֹת הָאָֽרֶץ׃", "text": "*yittenəkā* *YHWH* *niggāp* *lipnê* *ʾōyəbêkā* *bəderek* *ʾeḥād* *tēṣēʾ* *ʾēlāyw* *ûbəšibʿâ* *dərākîm* *tānûs* *ləpānāyw* *wəhāyîtā* *ləzaʿăwâ* *ləkōl* *mamlēkôt* *hāʾāreṣ*", "grammar": { "*yittenəkā*": "qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular with 2nd person masculine singular suffix - he will give you", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - Yahweh/LORD", "*niggāp*": "niphal participle, masculine singular - defeated/smitten", "*lipnê*": "preposition (lə-) + construct noun, masculine plural - before/in front of", "*ʾōyəbêkā*": "qal participle, masculine plural with 2nd person masculine singular suffix - your enemies", "*bəderek*": "preposition (bə-) + noun, feminine singular construct - by way/road", "*ʾeḥād*": "numeral, masculine singular - one", "*tēṣēʾ*": "qal imperfect, 2nd person masculine singular - you will go out", "*ʾēlāyw*": "preposition with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - to him/it", "*ûbəšibʿâ*": "conjunction (wə-) + preposition (bə-) + numeral, feminine singular - and by seven", "*dərākîm*": "noun, feminine plural - ways/roads", "*tānûs*": "qal imperfect, 2nd person masculine singular - you will flee", "*ləpānāyw*": "preposition (lə-) + noun, masculine plural with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - before him/it", "*wəhāyîtā*": "conjunction (wə-) + qal perfect, 2nd person masculine singular - and you will be", "*ləzaʿăwâ*": "preposition (lə-) + noun, feminine singular - an object of horror", "*ləkōl*": "preposition (lə-) + noun, masculine singular construct - to all", "*mamlēkôt*": "noun, feminine plural construct - kingdoms of", "*hāʾāreṣ*": "definite article + noun, feminine singular - the earth/land" }, "variants": { "*yittenəkā*": "give you/deliver you/make you", "*niggāp*": "defeated/struck down/smitten", "*ʾōyəbêkā*": "your enemies/foes/adversaries", "*derek*": "way/road/path/journey", "*tēṣēʾ*": "go out/march out/proceed", "*tānûs*": "flee/run away/escape", "*zaʿăwâ*": "horror/terror/object of trembling", "*mamlēkôt*": "kingdoms/dominions/realms", "*hāʾāreṣ*": "the earth/land/world" } }
• Deut 32:30 : 30 { "verseID": "Deuteronomy.32.30", "source": "אֵיכָ֞ה יִרְדֹּ֤ף אֶחָד֙ אֶ֔לֶף וּשְׁנַ֖יִם יָנִ֣יסוּ רְבָבָ֑ה אִם־לֹא֙ כִּי־צוּרָ֣ם מְכָרָ֔ם וַֽיהוָ֖ה הִסְגִּירָֽם׃", "text": "How *yirdōp̄* *ʾeḥāḏ* *ʾelep̄*, and-*šənayim* *yānîsû* *rəḇāḇāh*? If-not that-*ṣûrām* *məḵārām*, and-*YHWH* *hisgîrām*.", "grammar": { "*ʾêḵāh*": "interrogative adverb - how", "*yirdōp̄*": "verb, qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - would chase/pursue", "*ʾeḥāḏ*": "numeral, masculine, singular - one", "*ʾelep̄*": "noun, masculine, singular - thousand", "*û*": "conjunction - and", "*šənayim*": "numeral, masculine, dual - two", "*yānîsû*": "verb, hifil imperfect, 3rd masculine plural - would put to flight", "*rəḇāḇāh*": "noun, feminine, singular - ten thousand/myriad", "*ʾim-lōʾ*": "conditional negative - if not/unless", "*kî*": "conjunction - that/because", "*ṣûrām*": "noun, masculine, singular construct with 3rd masculine plural suffix - their rock", "*məḵārām*": "verb, qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular with 3rd masculine plural suffix - sold them", "*wa*": "conjunction - and", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - Yahweh/the LORD", "*hisgîrām*": "verb, hifil perfect, 3rd masculine singular with 3rd masculine plural suffix - delivered them up" }, "variants": { "*yirdōp̄*": "would chase/pursue/hunt", "*ʾelep̄*": "thousand/clan", "*yānîsû*": "would put to flight/chase away/cause to flee", "*rəḇāḇāh*": "ten thousand/myriad/multitude", "*ṣûrām*": "their rock/stronghold/refuge", "*məḵārām*": "sold them/handed them over/delivered them", "*hisgîrām*": "delivered them up/surrendered them/handed them over" } }
• Josh 7:12-13 : 12 { "verseID": "Joshua.7.12", "source": "וְלֹ֨א יֻכְל֜וּ בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֗ל לָקוּם֙ לִפְנֵ֣י אֹיְבֵיהֶ֔ם עֹ֗רֶף יִפְנוּ֙ לִפְנֵ֣י אֹֽיְבֵיהֶ֔ם כִּ֥י הָי֖וּ לְחֵ֑רֶם לֹ֤א אוֹסִיף֙ לִֽהְי֣וֹת עִמָּכֶ֔ם אִם־לֹ֥א תַשְׁמִ֛ידוּ הַחֵ֖רֶם מִֽקִּרְבְּכֶֽם׃", "text": "And-not *yukhlu* sons-of-*Yisrael* to-stand before *'oyeveihem*; *'orep* *yipnu* before *'oyeveihem* because they-were to-*ḥerem*. Not *'osip* to-be with-you if-not *tashmidu* the-*ḥerem* from-midst-your.", "grammar": { "*yukhlu*": "imperfect, 3rd person masculine plural, Qal - will be able", "*'oyeveihem*": "noun, masculine plural with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - their enemies", "*'orep*": "noun, masculine singular - neck/back", "*yipnu*": "imperfect, 3rd person masculine plural - will turn", "*'osip*": "imperfect, 1st person singular, Hiphil - will continue", "*tashmidu*": "imperfect, 2nd person masculine plural, Hiphil - will destroy" }, "variants": { "*'orep*": "neck/back/retreating", "*'osip*": "will continue/will add/will do again", "*tashmidu*": "will destroy/exterminate/eliminate" } } 13 { "verseID": "Joshua.7.13", "source": "קֻ֚ם קַדֵּ֣שׁ אֶת־הָעָ֔ם וְאָמַרְתָּ֖ הִתְקַדְּשׁ֣וּ לְמָחָ֑ר כִּ֣י כֹה֩ אָמַ֨ר יְהוָ֜ה אֱלֹהֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֗ל חֵ֤רֶם בְּקִרְבְּךָ֙ יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל לֹ֣א תוּכַ֗ל לָקוּם֙ לִפְנֵ֣י אֹיְבֶ֔יךָ עַד־הֲסִירְכֶ֥ם הַחֵ֖רֶם מִֽקִּרְבְּכֶֽם׃", "text": "*Qum* *qaddesh* *'eth*-the-people, and-*'amarta* *hithqaddeshu* for-tomorrow. For thus *'amar* *YHWH* *'Elohei* *Yisrael*: *Ḥerem* in-midst-your, *Yisrael*; not *tukhal* to-stand before *'oyeveikha* until-removing-your the-*ḥerem* from-midst-your.", "grammar": { "*Qum*": "imperative, 2nd person masculine singular - arise", "*qaddesh*": "imperative, 2nd person masculine singular, Piel - sanctify", "*'amarta*": "perfect, 2nd person masculine singular with waw-consecutive - say", "*hithqaddeshu*": "imperative, 2nd person masculine plural, Hithpael - sanctify yourselves", "*'amar*": "perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - said", "*'Elohei*": "noun, masculine plural construct - God of", "*Ḥerem*": "noun, masculine singular - devoted thing/ban", "*tukhal*": "imperfect, 2nd person masculine singular - will be able", "*'oyeveikha*": "noun, masculine plural with 2nd person masculine singular suffix - your enemies" }, "variants": { "*qaddesh*": "sanctify/consecrate/set apart", "*hithqaddeshu*": "sanctify yourselves/consecrate yourselves", "*Ḥerem*": "devoted thing/banned thing/thing under divine judgment" } }
• 2 Sam 4:11-12 : 11 { "verseID": "2 Samuel.4.11", "source": "אַ֞ף כִּֽי־אֲנָשִׁ֣ים רְשָׁעִ֗ים הָרְג֧וּ אֶת־אִישׁ־צַדִּ֛יק בְּבֵית֖וֹ עַל־מִשְׁכָּ֑בוֹ וְעַתָּ֗ה הֲל֨וֹא אֲבַקֵּ֤שׁ אֶת־דָּמוֹ֙ מִיֶּדְכֶ֔ם וּבִעַרְתִּ֥י אֶתְכֶ֖ם מִן־הָאָֽרֶץ׃", "text": "*ʾap* *kî-ʾănāšîm* *rəšāʿîm* *hārgû* *ʾet-ʾîš-ṣaddîq* *bə-bêtô* *ʿal-miškābô* *wə-ʿattāh* *hălôʾ* *ʾăbaqqēš* *ʾet-dāmô* *mi-yedkem* *û-biʿartî* *ʾetkem* *min-hā-ʾāreṣ*", "grammar": { "*ʾap*": "conjunction/adverb - how much more/moreover", "*kî-ʾănāšîm*": "conjunction + noun, masculine plural - when/that men", "*rəšāʿîm*": "adjective, masculine plural - wicked", "*hārgû*": "qal perfect, 3rd plural - killed/have killed", "*ʾet-ʾîš-ṣaddîq*": "direct object marker + noun, masculine singular construct + adjective, masculine singular - a righteous man", "*bə-bêtô*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular with 3rd masculine singular suffix - in his house", "*ʿal-miškābô*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular with 3rd masculine singular suffix - on his bed", "*wə-ʿattāh*": "waw conjunction + adverb - and now", "*hălôʾ*": "interrogative particle - shall not", "*ʾăbaqqēš*": "piel imperfect, 1st common singular - I will require/seek", "*ʾet-dāmô*": "direct object marker + noun, masculine singular with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his blood", "*mi-yedkem*": "preposition + noun, feminine dual with 2nd masculine plural suffix - from your hand", "*û-biʿartî*": "waw consecutive + piel perfect, 1st common singular - and I will destroy/remove", "*ʾetkem*": "direct object marker with 2nd masculine plural suffix - you", "*min-hā-ʾāreṣ*": "preposition + article + noun, feminine singular - from the earth/land" }, "variants": { "*ʾap kî*": "how much more when/moreover when/indeed when", "*ʾăbaqqēš ʾet-dāmô*": "require his blood/avenge his blood/hold you accountable for his blood", "*û-biʿartî*": "destroy/purge/remove/sweep away" } } 12 { "verseID": "2 Samuel.4.12", "source": "וַיְצַו֩ דָּוִ֨ד אֶת־הַנְּעָרִ֜ים וַיַּהַרְג֗וּם וַֽיְקַצְּצ֤וּ אֶת־יְדֵיהֶם֙ וְאֶת־רַגְלֵיהֶ֔ם וַיִּתְל֥וּ עַל־הַבְּרֵכָ֖ה בְּחֶבְר֑וֹן וְאֵ֨ת רֹ֤אשׁ אִֽישׁ־בֹּ֙שֶׁת֙ לָקָ֔חוּ וַיִּקְבְּר֥וּ בְקֶֽבֶר־אַבְנֵ֖ר בְּחֶבְרֽוֹן׃ פ", "text": "*wə-yəṣaw* *dāwid* *ʾet-ha-nəʿārîm* *wə-yahargûm* *wə-yəqaṣṣəṣû* *ʾet-yədêhem* *wə-ʾet-raglêhem* *wə-yitlû* *ʿal-ha-bərēkāh* *bə-ḥebrôn* *wə-ʾēt* *rōʾš* *ʾîš-bōšet* *lāqāḥû* *wə-yiqbərû* *bə-qeber-ʾabnēr* *bə-ḥebrôn*", "grammar": { "*wə-yəṣaw*": "waw consecutive + piel imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and commanded", "*dāwid*": "proper noun, masculine singular - David", "*ʾet-ha-nəʿārîm*": "direct object marker + article + noun, masculine plural - the young men", "*wə-yahargûm*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect, 3rd plural with 3rd masculine plural suffix - and they killed them", "*wə-yəqaṣṣəṣû*": "waw consecutive + piel imperfect, 3rd plural - and they cut off", "*ʾet-yədêhem*": "direct object marker + noun, feminine dual with 3rd masculine plural suffix - their hands", "*wə-ʾet-raglêhem*": "waw conjunction + direct object marker + noun, feminine dual with 3rd masculine plural suffix - and their feet", "*wə-yitlû*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect, 3rd plural - and they hanged", "*ʿal-ha-bərēkāh*": "preposition + article + noun, feminine singular - by the pool", "*bə-ḥebrôn*": "preposition + proper noun - in Hebron", "*wə-ʾēt*": "waw conjunction + direct object marker", "*rōʾš*": "noun, masculine singular construct - head of", "*ʾîš-bōšet*": "noun, masculine singular construct + proper noun - Ishbosheth", "*lāqāḥû*": "qal perfect, 3rd plural - they took", "*wə-yiqbərû*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect, 3rd plural - and they buried", "*bə-qeber-ʾabnēr*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular construct + proper noun - in the tomb of Abner", "*bə-ḥebrôn*": "preposition + proper noun - in Hebron" }, "variants": { "*ha-nəʿārîm*": "young men/servants/attendants", "*wə-yəqaṣṣəṣû*": "cut off/chopped off/amputated", "*ha-bərēkāh*": "pool/reservoir" } }
• 2 Kgs 19:21 : 21 { "verseID": "2 Kings.19.21", "source": "זֶ֣ה הַדָּבָ֔ר אֲשֶׁר־דִּבֶּ֥ר יְהוָ֖ה עָלָ֑יו בָּזָ֨ה לְךָ֜ לָעֲגָ֣ה לְךָ֗ בְּתוּלַת֙ בַּת־צִיּ֔וֹן אַחֲרֶ֙יךָ֙ רֹ֣אשׁ הֵנִ֔יעָה בַּ֖ת יְרוּשָׁלָֽ͏ִם׃", "text": "This the-*dāḇār* which-*dibbēr* *YHWH* concerning-him: *bāzâ* to-you, *lā'ăgâ* to-you *bᵊtûlat* *bat*-*ṣîyôn*; after-you *rō'š* *hēnî'â* *bat* *Yᵊrûšālāim*.", "grammar": { "*dāḇār*": "noun masculine singular - word/thing/matter", "*dibbēr*": "Piel perfect 3rd masculine singular - he spoke", "*bāzâ*": "Qal perfect 3rd feminine singular - she despised", "*lā'ăgâ*": "Qal perfect 3rd feminine singular - she mocked/derided", "*bᵊtûlat*": "noun feminine singular construct - virgin of", "*bat*": "noun feminine singular construct - daughter of", "*ṣîyôn*": "proper noun - Zion", "*rō'š*": "noun masculine singular - head", "*hēnî'â*": "Hiphil perfect 3rd feminine singular - she shook/wagged", "*Yᵊrûšālāim*": "proper noun - Jerusalem" }, "variants": { "*dāḇār*": "word/thing/matter/affair", "*dibbēr*": "spoke/said/declared", "*bāzâ*": "despised/disdained/held in contempt", "*lā'ăgâ*": "mocked/derided/scoffed at/ridiculed", "*bᵊtûlat*": "virgin/maiden", "*bat*": "daughter/female inhabitant", "*rō'š*": "head/top/beginning/chief", "*hēnî'â*": "shook/wagged/tossed" } }
• Ps 44:9-9 : 9 { "verseID": "Psalms.44.9", "source": "בֵּֽ֭אלֹהִים הִלַּלְ֣נוּ כָל־הַיּ֑וֹם וְשִׁמְךָ֓ ׀ לְעוֹלָ֖ם נוֹדֶ֣ה סֶֽלָה׃", "text": "In *bēʾlōhîm* *hillalnû* all-*hayyôm* and *wĕšimkā* to *lĕʿôlām* *nôdeh* *selāh*", "grammar": { "*bēʾlōhîm*": "preposition + noun, masculine plural (intensive plural) - in God", "*hillalnû*": "verb, piel perfect, 1st person plural - we have boasted/praised", "*hayyôm*": "article + noun, masculine singular - the day", "*wĕšimkā*": "conjunction + noun, masculine singular + 2nd person masculine singular suffix - and your name", "*lĕʿôlām*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular - forever", "*nôdeh*": "verb, hiphil imperfect, 1st person plural - we will give thanks", "*selāh*": "musical notation - selah" }, "variants": { "*ʾĕlōhîm*": "God/gods/divine beings", "*hillalnû*": "boasted/praised/celebrated", "*nôdeh*": "give thanks/praise/acknowledge", "*selāh*": "musical pause/interlude/lift up" } } 10 { "verseID": "Psalms.44.10", "source": "אַף־זָ֭נַחְתָּ וַתַּכְלִימֵ֑נוּ וְלֹא־תֵ֝צֵ֗א בְּצִבְאוֹתֵֽינוּ׃", "text": "Yet-*zānaḥtā* *wattaklîmēnû* and not-*tēṣēʾ* in *bĕṣibʾôtênû*", "grammar": { "*zānaḥtā*": "verb, qal perfect, 2nd person masculine singular - you have rejected", "*wattaklîmēnû*": "conjunction + verb, hiphil imperfect, 2nd person masculine singular + 1st person plural suffix, waw consecutive - and you have humiliated us", "*tēṣēʾ*": "verb, qal imperfect, 2nd person masculine singular - you go out", "*bĕṣibʾôtênû*": "preposition + noun, masculine plural + 1st person plural suffix - with our armies" }, "variants": { "*zānaḥtā*": "rejected/cast off/spurned", "*wattaklîmēnû*": "humiliated/put to shame/disgraced", "*tēṣēʾ*": "go out/go forth/march forth" } } 11 { "verseID": "Psalms.44.11", "source": "תְּשִׁיבֵ֣נוּ אָ֭חוֹר מִנִּי־צָ֑ר וּ֝מְשַׂנְאֵ֗ינוּ שָׁ֣סוּ לָֽמוֹ׃", "text": "*tĕšîbēnû* *ʾāḥôr* from *minnî*-*ṣār* and *ûmĕśanĕʾênû* *šāsû* *lāmô*", "grammar": { "*tĕšîbēnû*": "verb, hiphil imperfect, 2nd person masculine singular + 1st person plural suffix - you make us turn back", "*ʾāḥôr*": "adverb - backward", "*minnî*": "preposition - from", "*ṣār*": "participle, qal active, masculine singular - adversary", "*ûmĕśanĕʾênû*": "conjunction + participle, piel, masculine plural + 1st person plural suffix - and those who hate us", "*šāsû*": "verb, qal perfect, 3rd person plural - they plunder", "*lāmô*": "preposition + 3rd person masculine plural suffix (poetic form) - for themselves" }, "variants": { "*tĕšîbēnû*": "make us turn back/cause us to retreat/turn us away", "*ṣār*": "adversary/enemy/foe", "*ûmĕśanĕʾênû*": "those who hate us/our enemies", "*šāsû*": "plunder/spoil/take as plunder" } }
• Ps 48:2-3 : 2 { "verseID": "Psalms.48.2", "source": "גָּ֘ד֤וֹל יְהוָ֣ה וּמְהֻלָּ֣ל מְאֹ֑ד בְּעִ֥יר אֱ֝לֹהֵ֗ינוּ הַר־קָדְשֽׁוֹ׃", "text": "*gādôl* *YHWH* *û-məhullāl* *məʾōd* in *ʿîr* *ʾĕlōhênû* *har-qodšô*", "grammar": { "*gādôl*": "masculine singular adjective - great", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - LORD/Yahweh", "*û-məhullāl*": "waw conjunction + pual participle masculine singular - and praised", "*məʾōd*": "adverb - very/exceedingly", "*ʿîr*": "construct state - city of", "*ʾĕlōhênû*": "masculine plural noun with 1st person plural suffix - our God", "*har-qodšô*": "masculine singular construct + masculine singular noun with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - mountain of his holiness" }, "variants": { "*gādôl*": "great/large/mighty", "*məhullāl*": "praised/celebrated/renowned", "*məʾōd*": "very/exceedingly/greatly", "*har-qodšô*": "his holy mountain/his mountain of holiness" } } 3 { "verseID": "Psalms.48.3", "source": "יְפֵ֥ה נוֹף֮ מְשׂ֢וֹשׂ כָּל־הָ֫אָ֥רֶץ הַר־צִ֭יּוֹן יַרְכְּתֵ֣י צָפ֑וֹן קִ֝רְיַ֗ת מֶ֣לֶךְ רָֽב׃", "text": "*yəpēh nôp məśôś* all-the *ʾāreṣ* *har-ṣiyyôn* *yarkətê ṣāpôn* *qiryat melek rāb*", "grammar": { "*yəpēh*": "adjective masculine singular construct - beautiful", "*nôp*": "masculine singular noun - elevation/height", "*məśôś*": "masculine singular construct - joy of", "*kāl-hāʾāreṣ*": "noun + definite article + noun - all the earth/land", "*har-ṣiyyôn*": "masculine singular construct + proper noun - Mount Zion", "*yarkətê*": "feminine plural construct - sides/recesses of", "*ṣāpôn*": "masculine singular noun - north", "*qiryat*": "feminine singular construct - city of", "*melek*": "masculine singular noun - king", "*rāb*": "masculine singular adjective - great" }, "variants": { "*yəpēh nôp*": "beautiful height/beautiful elevation", "*məśôś*": "joy/delight/exultation", "*yarkətê*": "sides/recesses/remote parts", "*ṣāpôn*": "north/northern", "*qiryat*": "city/town", "*rāb*": "great/many/much" } }
• Ps 50:2 : 2 { "verseID": "Psalms.50.2", "source": "מִצִיּ֥וֹן מִכְלַל־יֹ֗פִי אֱלֹהִ֥ים הוֹפִֽיעַ׃", "text": "From-*Tsiyyon* *michlal*-*yophi* *Elohim* *hophia*", "grammar": { "*Tsiyyon*": "proper noun - Zion", "*michlal*": "noun, masculine, singular construct - perfection/completeness", "*yophi*": "noun, masculine, singular - beauty", "*Elohim*": "noun, masculine, plural - God/gods", "*hophia*": "verb, Hiphil perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - shone forth/appeared" }, "variants": { "*michlal-yophi*": "perfect beauty/perfection of beauty", "*hophia*": "has shined forth/has appeared/has manifested" } }
• Ps 96:9 : 9 { "verseID": "Psalms.96.9", "source": "הִשְׁתַּחֲו֣וּ לַ֭יהוָה בְּהַדְרַת־קֹ֑דֶשׁ חִ֥ילוּ מִ֝פָּנָ֗יו כָּל־הָאָֽרֶץ׃", "text": "*hištaḥăwû* to-*YHWH* in-*haḏraṯ*-*qōḏeš* *ḥîlû* from-*pānāyw* all-*hāʾāreṣ*", "grammar": { "*hištaḥăwû*": "imperative, masculine plural, hitpael form - worship/bow down", "*haḏraṯ*": "noun, feminine singular construct - beauty/splendor of", "*qōḏeš*": "noun, masculine singular - holiness/sacredness", "*ḥîlû*": "imperative, masculine plural - tremble/writhe/be in anguish", "*pānāyw*": "noun, plural construct with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his face/presence", "*hāʾāreṣ*": "noun, feminine singular with definite article - the earth/land" }, "variants": { "*hištaḥăwû*": "worship/bow down/prostrate oneself", "*haḏraṯ*": "beauty/splendor/adornment/majesty", "*qōḏeš*": "holiness/sacredness/consecration", "*ḥîlû*": "tremble/writhe/be in anguish/dance", "*pānāyw*": "his face/presence/before him", "*hāʾāreṣ*": "earth/land/ground/territory" } }
• Ps 132:12-13 : 12 { "verseID": "Psalms.132.12", "source": "אִֽם־יִשְׁמְר֬וּ בָנֶ֨יךָ ׀ בְּרִיתִי֮ וְעֵדֹתִ֥י ז֗וֹ אֲלַ֫מְּדֵ֥ם גַּם־בְּנֵיהֶ֥ם עֲדֵי־עַ֑ד יֵ֝שְׁב֗וּ לְכִסֵּא־לָֽךְ׃", "text": "*ʾim*-*yišmərû* *bāneḵā* *bərîtî* and-*ʿēdōtî* *zô* *ʾălammədēm* also-*bənêhem* until-*ʿad* *yēšəbû* to-*kissēʾ*-to-you", "grammar": { "*ʾim*": "conditional particle - if", "*yišmərû*": "qal imperfect, 3rd masculine plural - they will keep", "*bāneḵā*": "plural noun with 2nd masculine singular suffix - your sons", "*bərîtî*": "noun with 1st singular suffix - my covenant", "*ʿēdōtî*": "plural noun with 1st singular suffix and conjunction waw - and my testimonies", "*zô*": "demonstrative pronoun feminine - this", "*ʾălammədēm*": "piel imperfect, 1st singular with 3rd masculine plural suffix - I will teach them", "*bənêhem*": "plural noun with 3rd masculine plural suffix and conjunction gam - also their sons", "*ʿad*": "preposition with preposition ʿădê - forever", "*yēšəbû*": "qal imperfect, 3rd masculine plural - they will sit", "*kissēʾ*": "noun with preposition lamed - on throne" }, "variants": { "*ʿēdōtî*": "my testimonies/my decrees/my stipulations", "*ʿădê-ʿad*": "forever/perpetually/for eternity" } } 13 { "verseID": "Psalms.132.13", "source": "כִּֽי־בָחַ֣ר יְהוָ֣ה בְּצִיּ֑וֹן אִ֝וָּ֗הּ לְמוֹשָׁ֥ב לֽוֹ׃", "text": "for-*bāḥar* *YHWH* in-*ṣiyyôn* *ʾiwwāh* to-*môšāb* to-him", "grammar": { "*bāḥar*": "qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular with conjunction ki - for he has chosen", "*YHWH*": "divine name", "*ṣiyyôn*": "proper name with preposition bet - in Zion", "*ʾiwwāh*": "piel perfect, 3rd masculine singular - he has desired", "*môšāb*": "noun with preposition lamed - for dwelling place", "*lô*": "preposition lamed with 3rd masculine singular suffix - for him" }, "variants": { "*môšāb*": "dwelling place/habitation/seat" } }
• Isa 1:21 : 21 { "verseID": "Isaiah.1.21", "source": "אֵיכָה֙ הָיְתָ֣ה לְזוֹנָ֔ה קִרְיָ֖ה נֶאֱמָנָ֑ה מְלֵאֲתִ֣י מִשְׁפָּ֗ט צֶ֛דֶק יָלִ֥ין בָּ֖הּ וְעַתָּ֥ה מְרַצְּחִֽים׃", "text": "*ʾêkâ* *hāyᵉtâ* *lᵉzônâ* *qiryâ* *neʾĕmānâ* *mᵉlēʾătî* *mišpāṭ* *ṣedeq* *yālîn* *bāh* *wᵉ'attâ* *mᵉraṣṣᵉḥîm*", "grammar": { "*ʾêkâ*": "interrogative adverb - how", "*hāyᵉtâ*": "verb, qal perfect, 3rd person feminine singular - has become", "*lᵉzônâ*": "preposition lᵉ- + noun, feminine singular - a harlot", "*qiryâ*": "noun, feminine singular - city", "*neʾĕmānâ*": "adjective, niphal participle, feminine singular - faithful", "*mᵉlēʾătî*": "adjective, feminine singular - full of", "*mišpāṭ*": "noun, masculine singular - justice", "*ṣedeq*": "noun, masculine singular - righteousness", "*yālîn*": "verb, qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - would lodge", "*bāh*": "preposition bᵉ- + 3rd person feminine singular suffix - in her", "*wᵉ'attâ*": "conjunction wə- + adverb - and now", "*mᵉraṣṣᵉḥîm*": "piel participle, masculine plural - murderers" }, "variants": { "*ʾêkâ*": "how/alas/what a tragedy", "*hāyᵉtâ*": "has become/has turned into", "*lᵉzônâ*": "a harlot/prostitute", "*qiryâ*": "city/town", "*neʾĕmānâ*": "faithful/trustworthy/loyal", "*mᵉlēʾătî*": "full of/filled with", "*mišpāṭ*": "justice/judgment/what is right", "*ṣedeq*": "righteousness/justice/rightness", "*yālîn*": "would lodge/dwell/remain overnight", "*mᵉraṣṣᵉḥîm*": "murderers/assassins/those who kill" } }
• Isa 4:5 : 5 { "verseID": "Isaiah.4.5", "source": "וּבָרָ֣א יְהוָ֡ה עַל֩ כָּל־מְכ֨וֹן הַר־צִיּ֜וֹן וְעַל־מִקְרָאֶ֗הָ עָנָ֤ן ׀ יוֹמָם֙ וְעָשָׁ֔ן וְנֹ֛גַהּ אֵ֥שׁ לֶהָבָ֖ה לָ֑יְלָה כִּ֥י עַל־כָּל־כָּב֖וֹד חֻפָּֽה׃", "text": "And *bārāʾ* *YHWH* upon all *mekōn* *har*-*ṣiyyōn* and upon *miqrāʾehā* *ʿānān* *yōmām* and *ʿāšān*, and *nōgah* *ʾēš* *lehābāh* *lāyelāh*; for upon all *kābōd* *ḥuppāh*.", "grammar": { "*bārāʾ*": "verb, Qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - he creates/created", "*YHWH*": "divine name", "*mekōn*": "noun, masculine singular construct - place/site/dwelling place of", "*har*": "noun, masculine singular construct - mountain of", "*ṣiyyōn*": "proper noun - Zion", "*miqrāʾehā*": "noun, masculine singular + 3rd feminine singular suffix - her assemblies", "*ʿānān*": "noun, masculine singular - cloud", "*yōmām*": "adverb - by day", "*ʿāšān*": "noun, masculine singular - smoke", "*nōgah*": "noun, masculine singular - brightness/shining", "*ʾēš*": "noun, feminine singular - fire", "*lehābāh*": "noun, feminine singular - flame", "*lāyelāh*": "adverb - by night", "*kābōd*": "noun, masculine singular - glory", "*ḥuppāh*": "noun, feminine singular - canopy/covering" }, "variants": { "*bārāʾ*": "create/form/shape", "*mekōn*": "place/site/dwelling place/foundation", "*miqrāʾehā*": "her assemblies/convocations/meeting places", "*ʿānān*": "cloud/cloud mass", "*ʿāšān*": "smoke/vapor", "*nōgah*": "brightness/shining/radiance", "*lehābāh*": "flame/flaming", "*ḥuppāh*": "canopy/covering/chamber" } }
• Isa 12:6 : 6 { "verseID": "Isaiah.12.6", "source": "צַהֲלִ֥י וָרֹ֖נִּי יוֹשֶׁ֣בֶת צִיּ֑וֹן כִּֽי־גָד֥וֹל בְּקִרְבֵּ֖ךְ קְד֥וֹשׁ יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃", "text": "*ṣahalî* *wā-rōnnî* *yôšebet* *ṣîyyôn* for-*gādôl* *bə-qirbēk* *qədôš* *yiśrāʾēl*", "grammar": { "*ṣahalî*": "Qal imperative feminine singular - cry aloud/shout", "*wā-rōnnî*": "conjunction + Qal imperative feminine singular - and sing/cry out", "*yôšebet*": "Qal participle feminine singular construct - inhabitant of/dweller of", "*ṣîyyôn*": "proper noun - Zion", "*gādôl*": "adjective masculine singular - great", "*bə-qirbēk*": "preposition + masculine singular noun with 2nd person feminine singular suffix - in your midst", "*qədôš*": "adjective masculine singular construct - holy one of", "*yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel" }, "variants": { "*ṣahalî*": "cry aloud/shout/shout for joy", "*wā-rōnnî*": "and sing/and cry out/and shout with joy", "*yôšebet*": "inhabitant of/dweller of/resident of", "*bə-qirbēk*": "in your midst/among you/within you", "*qədôš*": "holy one of/sacred one of/the holy of" } }
• Jer 13:18 : 18 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.13.18", "source": "אֱמֹ֥ר לַמֶּ֛לֶךְ וְלַגְּבִירָ֖ה הַשְׁפִּ֣ילוּ שֵׁ֑בוּ כִּ֤י יָרַד֙ מַרְאֲשׁ֣וֹתֵיכֶ֔ם עֲטֶ֖רֶת תִּֽפְאַרְתְּכֶֽם׃", "text": "*ʾĕmōr* to the *melek* and to the *gebîrâ*, *hashpîlû shēbû*, for *yārad marʾăshôtêkem ʿăṭeret tipʾartekhem*.", "grammar": { "*ʾĕmōr*": "imperative, masculine singular - say", "*lammelek*": "preposition with definite article with noun, masculine singular - to the king", "*welagebîrâ*": "conjunction with preposition with definite article with noun, feminine singular - and to the queen mother", "*hashpîlû*": "hiphil imperative, masculine plural - humble yourselves", "*shēbû*": "imperative, masculine plural - sit down", "*kî*": "conjunction - for/because", "*yārad*": "perfect, 3rd masculine singular - has come down", "*marʾăshôtêkem*": "noun, feminine plural with 2nd masculine plural suffix - your head-place/your headtier", "*ʿăṭeret*": "noun, feminine singular construct - crown of", "*tipʾartekhem*": "noun, feminine singular with 2nd masculine plural suffix - your beauty/glory" }, "variants": { "*gebîrâ*": "queen mother/mistress", "*marʾăshôtêkem*": "your head coverings/your headpieces", "*ʿăṭeret*": "crown/diadem", "*tipʾartekhem*": "your glory/your splendor/your beauty" } }
• Jer 14:5-6 : 5 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.14.5", "source": "כִּ֤י גַם־אַיֶּ֙לֶת֙ בַּשָּׂדֶ֔ה יָלְדָ֖ה וְעָז֑וֹב כִּ֥י לֹֽא־הָיָ֖ה דֶּֽשֶׁא׃", "text": "For even-*ʾayyeleṯ* in-the-*śāḏeh* *yālḏāh* *wəʿāzôḇ* because not-*hāyāh* *dešeʾ*", "grammar": { "*ʾayyeleṯ*": "noun, feminine singular - hind/doe/female deer", "*śāḏeh*": "noun, masculine singular with preposition + definite article - in the field", "*yālḏāh*": "qal perfect, 3rd singular feminine - she gave birth", "*wəʿāzôḇ*": "qal infinitive absolute with conjunction - and forsaking/abandoning", "*hāyāh*": "qal perfect, 3rd singular masculine with negative particle - was not/there was not", "*dešeʾ*": "noun, masculine singular - tender grass/vegetation" }, "variants": { "*ʾayyeleṯ*": "hind/doe/female deer", "*yālḏāh*": "gave birth/bore/brought forth", "*wəʿāzôḇ*": "forsaking/abandoning/leaving behind", "*dešeʾ*": "tender grass/vegetation/herbage/new growth" } } 6 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.14.6", "source": "וּפְרָאִים֙ עָמְד֣וּ עַל־שְׁפָיִ֔ם שָׁאֲפ֥וּ ר֖וּחַ כַּתַּנִּ֑ים כָּל֥וּ עֵינֵיהֶ֖ם כִּי־אֵ֥ין עֵֽשֶׂב׃", "text": "*ûp̄ərāʾîm* *ʿāmḏû* upon-*šəp̄āyim* *šāʾăp̄û* *rûaḥ* like-the-*tannîm* *kālû* *ʿênêhem* because-*ʾên* *ʿēśeḇ*", "grammar": { "*ûp̄ərāʾîm*": "noun, masculine plural with conjunction - and wild donkeys", "*ʿāmḏû*": "qal perfect, 3rd plural - they stood", "*šəp̄āyim*": "noun, masculine plural with preposition - upon bare heights/hills", "*šāʾăp̄û*": "qal perfect, 3rd plural - they pant for/gasp", "*rûaḥ*": "noun, feminine singular - wind/breath/air", "*tannîm*": "noun, masculine plural with preposition + definite article - like the jackals/sea monsters", "*kālû*": "qal perfect, 3rd plural - they fail/are exhausted", "*ʿênêhem*": "noun, feminine dual with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - their eyes", "*ʾên*": "particle of negation - there is not", "*ʿēśeḇ*": "noun, masculine singular - herb/vegetation" }, "variants": { "*p̄ərāʾîm*": "wild donkeys/onagers", "*šəp̄āyim*": "bare heights/hills/high places", "*šāʾăp̄û*": "pant for/gasp/gulp/inhale eagerly", "*tannîm*": "jackals/dragons/sea monsters", "*kālû*": "fail/are exhausted/are consumed", "*ʿēśeḇ*": "herb/vegetation/grass/plants" } }
• Jer 29:4 : 4 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.29.4", "source": "כֹּ֥ה אָמַ֛ר יְהוָ֥ה צְבָא֖וֹת אֱלֹהֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל לְכָל־הַ֨גּוֹלָ֔ה אֲשֶׁר־הִגְלֵ֥יתִי מִירוּשָׁלַ֖͏ִם בָּבֶֽלָה", "text": "Thus *ʾāmar* *YHWH* *ṣəbāʾôt* *ʾĕlōhê* *yiśrāʾēl* to-all-the-*gôlâ* which-*higlêtî* from-*yərûšālayim* *bābelâ*", "grammar": { "*ʾāmar*": "qal perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - says/said", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - LORD/Yahweh", "*ṣəbāʾôt*": "masculine plural noun - hosts/armies", "*ʾĕlōhê*": "construct state, masculine plural - God of", "*yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel", "*gôlâ*": "feminine singular noun - exile/exiles", "*higlêtî*": "hiphil perfect, 1st person singular - I exiled/carried away", "*yərûšālayim*": "proper noun - Jerusalem", "*bābelâ*": "proper noun with directional he - to Babylon" }, "variants": { "*ʾāmar*": "said/says/declared", "*ṣəbāʾôt*": "hosts/armies/of armies", "*ʾĕlōhê*": "God of", "*gôlâ*": "exile/captivity/exiles (collective)", "*higlêtî*": "I exiled/I caused to be carried away/I deported" } }
• Jer 47:3 : 3 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.47.3", "source": "מִקּ֗וֹל שַֽׁעֲטַת֙ פַּרְס֣וֹת אַבִּירָ֔יו מֵרַ֣עַשׁ לְרִכְבּ֔וֹ הֲמ֖וֹן גַּלְגִּלָּ֑יו לֹֽא־הִפְנ֤וּ אָבוֹת֙ אֶל־בָּנִ֔ים מֵֽרִפְי֖וֹן יָדָֽיִם׃", "text": "From-*qôl* *šaʿăṭaṯ* *parsôṯ* *ʾabbîrāyw* from-*raʿaš* to-*riḵbô* *hămôn* *galgillāyw* not-*hip̄nû* *ʾāḇôṯ* unto-*bānîm* from-*rip̄yôn* *yāḏāyim*.", "grammar": { "*mi-qôl*": "preposition + masculine singular construct - from sound of", "*šaʿăṭaṯ*": "feminine singular construct - stamping/galloping of", "*parsôṯ*": "feminine plural construct - hooves of", "*ʾabbîrāyw*": "masculine plural noun with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his mighty ones/stallions", "*mē-raʿaš*": "preposition + masculine singular construct - from rumbling of", "*lə-riḵbô*": "preposition + masculine singular noun with 3rd masculine singular suffix - to his chariot", "*hămôn*": "masculine singular construct - tumult/noise of", "*galgillāyw*": "masculine plural noun with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his wheels", "*lōʾ-hip̄nû*": "negative particle + hiphil perfect, 3rd common plural - not they turned", "*ʾāḇôṯ*": "masculine plural noun - fathers", "*ʾel-bānîm*": "preposition + masculine plural noun - unto sons", "*mē-rip̄yôn*": "preposition + masculine singular construct - from feebleness of", "*yāḏāyim*": "feminine dual noun - hands" }, "variants": { "*ʾabbîrāyw*": "his stallions/his strong ones/his mighty steeds", "*raʿaš*": "rumbling/earthquake/shaking", "*hămôn*": "tumult/noise/roaring", "*hip̄nû*": "turned/looked back/paid attention", "*rip̄yôn yāḏāyim*": "feebleness of hands/weakness/helplessness" } }
• Jer 48:41 : 41 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.48.41", "source": "נִלְכְּדָה֙ הַקְּרִיּ֔וֹת וְהַמְּצָד֖וֹת נִתְפָּ֑שָׂה וְֽ֠הָיָה לֵ֞ב גִּבּוֹרֵ֤י מוֹאָב֙ בַּיּ֣וֹם הַה֔וּא כְּלֵ֖ב אִשָּׁ֥ה מְצֵרָֽה׃", "text": "*nilkədāh* *haqqəriyyôt* and *hamməṣādôt* *nitpāśāh* and *wəhāyāh* *lēb* *gibbôrêy* *Môʾāb* in *hayyôm* *hahûʾ* like *lēb* *ʾiššāh* *məṣērāh*.", "grammar": { "*nilkədāh*": "3rd person feminine singular Niphal perfect - is captured/seized", "*haqqəriyyôt*": "definite article with feminine plural noun - the cities/towns", "*hamməṣādôt*": "definite article with feminine plural noun - the strongholds/fortresses", "*nitpāśāh*": "3rd person feminine singular Niphal perfect - is seized/captured", "*wəhāyāh*": "conjunction with 3rd person masculine singular perfect - and has become", "*lēb*": "masculine singular construct - heart of", "*gibbôrêy*": "masculine plural construct - mighty men/warriors of", "*Môʾāb*": "proper noun - Moab", "*hayyôm*": "definite article with masculine singular noun - the day", "*hahûʾ*": "definite article with demonstrative pronoun - that", "*ʾiššāh*": "feminine singular noun - woman", "*məṣērāh*": "feminine singular Piel participle - in labor/distress" }, "variants": { "*haqqəriyyôt*": "the cities/the towns/possibly specific place name Kerioth", "*hamməṣādôt*": "the strongholds/the fortresses/the fortifications", "*nitpāśāh*": "is seized/is captured/is taken", "*gibbôrêy*": "mighty men/warriors/heroes", "*məṣērāh*": "in labor/in childbirth pain/in distress" } }
• Jer 51:30-32 : 30 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.51.30", "source": "חָדְלוּ֩ גִבּוֹרֵ֨י בָבֶ֜ל לְהִלָּחֵ֗ם יָֽשְׁבוּ֙ בַּמְּצָד֔וֹת נָשְׁתָ֥ה גְבוּרָתָ֖ם הָי֣וּ לְנָשִׁ֑ים הִצִּ֥יתוּ מִשְׁכְּנֹתֶ֖יהָ נִשְׁבְּר֥וּ בְרִיחֶֽיהָ׃", "text": "*Chadlu gibborey Babel le-hillachem*, *yashvu ba-metsadot*, *nashtah geburatam*, *hayu le-nashim*; *hitsitu mishkenoteyha*, *nishberu bericheyha*.", "grammar": { "*chadlu*": "verb, Qal perfect, 3rd person common plural - they ceased/refrained", "*gibborey*": "noun, masculine plural construct - mighty men of", "*Babel*": "proper noun - Babylon", "*le-hillachem*": "preposition + verb, Niphal infinitive construct - to fight", "*yashvu*": "verb, Qal perfect, 3rd person common plural - they remain/dwell", "*ba-metsadot*": "preposition + article + noun, feminine plural - in the strongholds", "*nashtah*": "verb, Qal perfect, 3rd person feminine singular - it dried up/failed", "*geburatam*": "noun, feminine singular + 3rd person masculine plural suffix - their might", "*hayu*": "verb, Qal perfect, 3rd person common plural - they became", "*le-nashim*": "preposition + noun, feminine plural - like women", "*hitsitu*": "verb, Hiphil perfect, 3rd person common plural - they set on fire", "*mishkenoteyha*": "noun, feminine plural + 3rd person feminine singular suffix - her dwellings", "*nishberu*": "verb, Niphal perfect, 3rd person common plural - they are broken", "*bericheyha*": "noun, masculine plural + 3rd person feminine singular suffix - her bars/bolts" }, "variants": { "*chadal*": "cease/refrain/leave off/forbear", "*gibborim*": "mighty men/warriors/heroes", "*yashav ba-metsadot*": "remain in strongholds/dwell in fortresses", "*nashtah*": "dry up/fail/be exhausted", "*geburah*": "might/strength/power", "*hayu le-nashim*": "became like women/became weak", "*hitsit*": "set on fire/kindle/burn", "*mishkenot*": "dwellings/habitations/tabernacles", "*nishberu*": "are broken/are shattered", "*berichim*": "bars/bolts/locks" } } 31 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.51.31", "source": "רָ֤ץ לִקְרַאת־רָץ֙ יָר֔וּץ וּמַגִּ֖יד לִקְרַ֣את מַגִּ֑יד לְהַגִּיד֙ לְמֶ֣לֶךְ בָּבֶ֔ל כִּֽי־נִלְכְּדָ֥ה עִיר֖וֹ מִקָּצֶֽה׃", "text": "*Rats liqrat-rats yaruts*, and *maggid liqrat maggid*, to *naggid le-melek Babel* that *nilkedad 'iro miqqatseh*.", "grammar": { "*rats*": "participle, Qal active, masculine singular - runner", "*liqrat-rats*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular - to meet runner", "*yaruts*": "verb, Qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - he runs", "*u-maggid*": "conjunction + participle, Hiphil active, masculine singular - and messenger/one who reports", "*liqrat*": "preposition - to meet", "*maggid*": "participle, Hiphil active, masculine singular - messenger/one who reports", "*le-haggid*": "preposition + verb, Hiphil infinitive construct - to tell/report", "*le-melek*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular construct - to the king of", "*Babel*": "proper noun - Babylon", "*ki*": "conjunction - that", "*nilkedah*": "verb, Niphal perfect, 3rd person feminine singular - she is captured", "*'iro*": "noun, feminine singular + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his city", "*miqqatseh*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular - from end/completely" }, "variants": { "*rats*": "runner/courier", "*liqrat*": "to meet/towards", "*maggid*": "messenger/reporter/herald", "*naggid*": "tell/report/announce/declare", "*nilkad*": "be captured/be taken/be seized", "*miqqatseh*": "from end/from extremity/completely" } } 32 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.51.32", "source": "וְהַמַּעְבָּר֣וֹת נִתְפָּ֔שׂוּ וְאֶת־הָאֲגַמִּ֖ים שָׂרְפ֣וּ בָאֵ֑שׁ וְאַנְשֵׁ֥י הַמִּלְחָמָ֖ה נִבְהָֽלוּ׃ ס", "text": "And *ha-ma'barot nitpasu*, and *'et-ha-'agammim sarephu ba-'esh*, and *'anshey ha-milchamah nibhalu*.", "grammar": { "*we-ha-ma'barot*": "conjunction + article + noun, feminine plural - and the fords/crossings", "*nitpasu*": "verb, Niphal perfect, 3rd person common plural - they are seized", "*we-'et*": "conjunction + direct object marker", "*ha-'agammim*": "article + noun, masculine plural - the marshes/reeds", "*sarephu*": "verb, Qal perfect, 3rd person common plural - they burned", "*ba-'esh*": "preposition + article + noun, feminine singular - with the fire", "*we-'anshey*": "conjunction + noun, masculine plural construct - and men of", "*ha-milchamah*": "article + noun, feminine singular - the war/battle", "*nibhalu*": "verb, Niphal perfect, 3rd person common plural - they are terrified" }, "variants": { "*ma'barot*": "fords/crossings/passages", "*nitpas*": "be seized/be captured", "*'agammim*": "marshes/reeds/pools", "*saraph ba-'esh*": "burn with fire", "*'anshey ha-milchamah*": "men of war/warriors", "*nibhal*": "be terrified/be dismayed/be alarmed" } }
• Jer 52:7-8 : 7 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.52.7", "source": "וַתִּבָּקַ֣ע הָעִ֗יר וְכָל־אַנְשֵׁ֣י הַמִּלְחָמָ֡ה יִבְרְחוּ֩ וַיֵּצְא֨וּ מֵהָעִ֜יר לַ֗יְלָה דֶּ֜רֶךְ שַׁ֤עַר בֵּין־הַחֹמֹתַ֙יִם֙ אֲשֶׁר֙ עַל־גַּ֣ן הַמֶּ֔לֶךְ וְכַשְׂדִּ֥ים עַל־הָעִ֖יר סָבִ֑יב וַיֵּלְכ֖וּ דֶּ֥רֶךְ הָעֲרָבָֽה׃", "text": "*wa*-*tibbāqaʿ* *hā*-*ʿîr* *wə*-*kāl*-*ʾanšê* *ha*-*milḥāmâ* *yibrəḥû* *wa*-*yēṣəʾû* *mē*-*hā*-*ʿîr* *laylâ* *derek* *šaʿar* *bên*-*ha*-*ḥōmōtayim* *ʾăšer* *ʿal*-*gan* *ha*-*melek* *wə*-*kaśdîm* *ʿal*-*hā*-*ʿîr* *sābîb* *wa*-*yēlkû* *derek* *hā*-*ʿărābâ*", "grammar": { "*wa*-*tibbāqaʿ*": "waw consecutive + Niphal imperfect, 3rd feminine singular - and was broken into", "*hā*-*ʿîr*": "definite article + noun, feminine - the city", "*wə*-*kāl*-*ʾanšê*": "conjunction + noun construct + noun construct - and all men of", "*ha*-*milḥāmâ*": "definite article + noun - the war/battle", "*yibrəḥû*": "Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine plural - they fled", "*wa*-*yēṣəʾû*": "waw consecutive + Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine plural - and they went out", "*mē*-*hā*-*ʿîr*": "preposition + definite article + noun - from the city", "*laylâ*": "noun, adverbial use - at night", "*derek*": "noun construct - way of", "*šaʿar*": "noun construct - gate of", "*bên*-*ha*-*ḥōmōtayim*": "preposition + definite article + noun, dual - between the two walls", "*ʾăšer*": "relative particle - which", "*ʿal*-*gan*": "preposition + noun construct - by the garden of", "*ha*-*melek*": "definite article + noun - the king", "*wə*-*kaśdîm*": "conjunction + proper noun, plural - and Chaldeans", "*ʿal*-*hā*-*ʿîr*": "preposition + definite article + noun - around the city", "*sābîb*": "adverb - surrounding", "*wa*-*yēlkû*": "waw consecutive + Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine plural - and they went", "*derek*": "noun construct - way of", "*hā*-*ʿărābâ*": "definite article + noun - the Arabah/plain" }, "variants": { "*tibbāqaʿ*": "was broken into/breached/penetrated", "*ʾanšê* *ha*-*milḥāmâ*": "men of war/soldiers/warriors", "*ḥōmōtayim*": "two walls/double wall", "*kaśdîm*": "Chaldeans/Babylonians", "*ʿărābâ*": "Arabah/Jordan Valley/desert plain" } } 8 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.52.8", "source": "וַיִּרְדְּפ֤וּ חֵיל־כַּשְׂדִּים֙ אַחֲרֵ֣י הַמֶּ֔לֶךְ וַיַּשִּׂ֥יגוּ אֶת־צִדְקִיָּ֖הוּ בְּעַֽרְבֹ֣ת יְרֵח֑וֹ וְכָל־חֵיל֔וֹ נָפֹ֖צוּ מֵעָלָֽיו׃", "text": "*wa*-*yirdəpû* *ḥêl*-*kaśdîm* *ʾaḥărê* *ha*-*melek* *wa*-*yaśśîgû* *ʾet*-*ṣidqîyāhû* *bə*-*ʿarbôt* *yərēḥô* *wə*-*kāl*-*ḥêlô* *nāpōṣû* *mē*-*ʿālāyw*", "grammar": { "*wa*-*yirdəpû*": "waw consecutive + Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine plural - and they pursued", "*ḥêl*-*kaśdîm*": "noun construct + proper noun, plural - army of Chaldeans", "*ʾaḥărê*": "preposition - after", "*ha*-*melek*": "definite article + noun - the king", "*wa*-*yaśśîgû*": "waw consecutive + Hiphil imperfect, 3rd masculine plural - and they overtook", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*ṣidqîyāhû*": "proper noun - Zedekiah", "*bə*-*ʿarbôt*": "preposition + noun, plural construct - in plains of", "*yərēḥô*": "proper noun - Jericho", "*wə*-*kāl*-*ḥêlô*": "conjunction + noun construct + noun with 3rd masculine singular suffix - and all his army", "*nāpōṣû*": "Niphal perfect, 3rd masculine plural - were scattered", "*mē*-*ʿālāyw*": "preposition + preposition with 3rd masculine singular suffix - from him" }, "variants": { "*yirdəpû*": "pursued/chased", "*yaśśîgû*": "overtook/caught up to/reached", "*ʿarbôt*": "plains/deserts/steppes", "*nāpōṣû*": "were scattered/dispersed/spread out" } }
• Jer 52:11 : 11 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.52.11", "source": "וְאֶת־עֵינֵ֥י צִדְקִיָּ֖הוּ עִוֵּ֑ר וַיַּאַסְרֵ֣הוּ בַֽנְחֻשְׁתַּ֗יִם וַיְבִאֵ֤הוּ מֶֽלֶךְ־בָּבֶל֙ בָּבֶ֔לָה וַיִּתְּנֵ֥הוּ בבית־בֵֽית־הַפְּקֻדֹּ֖ת עַד־י֥וֹם מוֹתֽוֹ׃", "text": "*wə*-*ʾet*-*ʿênê* *ṣidqîyāhû* *ʿiwwēr* *wa*-*yaʾasrēhû* *ba*-*nəḥuštayim* *wa*-*yəbiʾēhû* *melek*-*bābel* *bābelâ* *wa*-*yittənēhû* *bêt*-*ha*-*pəquddōt* *ʿad*-*yôm* *môtô*", "grammar": { "*wə*-*ʾet*-*ʿênê*": "conjunction + direct object marker + noun construct plural - and eyes of", "*ṣidqîyāhû*": "proper noun - Zedekiah", "*ʿiwwēr*": "Piel perfect, 3rd masculine singular - he blinded", "*wa*-*yaʾasrēhû*": "waw consecutive + Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular with 3rd masculine singular suffix - and he bound him", "*ba*-*nəḥuštayim*": "preposition + noun, dual - with bronze fetters", "*wa*-*yəbiʾēhû*": "waw consecutive + Hiphil imperfect, 3rd masculine singular with 3rd masculine singular suffix - and he brought him", "*melek*-*bābel*": "noun construct + proper noun - king of Babylon", "*bābelâ*": "proper noun with directional heh - to Babylon", "*wa*-*yittənēhû*": "waw consecutive + Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular with 3rd masculine singular suffix - and he put him", "*bêt*-*ha*-*pəquddōt*": "noun construct + definite article + noun, plural - house of custody/prison", "*ʿad*-*yôm*": "preposition + noun construct - until day of", "*môtô*": "noun with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his death" }, "variants": { "*ʿiwwēr*": "blinded/made blind", "*nəḥuštayim*": "bronze fetters/chains/shackles (dual form)", "*bêt*-*ha*-*pəquddōt*": "prison house/house of custody/house of visitation", "*bêt*": "appears as both בבית and בֵֽית in text" } }
• Jer 52:13 : 13 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.52.13", "source": "וַיִּשְׂרֹ֥ף אֶת־בֵּית־יְהוָ֖ה וְאֶת־בֵּ֣ית הַמֶּ֑לֶךְ וְאֵ֨ת כָּל־בָּתֵּ֧י יְרוּשָׁלַ֛͏ִם וְאֶת־כָּל־בֵּ֥ית הַגָּד֖וֹל שָׂרַ֥ף בָּאֵֽשׁ׃", "text": "*wa*-*yiśrōp* *ʾet*-*bêt*-*yhwh* *wə*-*ʾet*-*bêt* *ha*-*melek* *wə*-*ʾēt* *kāl*-*bāttê* *yərûšālaim* *wə*-*ʾet*-*kāl*-*bêt* *ha*-*gādôl* *śārap* *bā*-*ʾēš*", "grammar": { "*wa*-*yiśrōp*": "waw consecutive + Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he burned", "*ʾet*-*bêt*-*yhwh*": "direct object marker + noun construct + divine name - house of YHWH", "*wə*-*ʾet*-*bêt*": "conjunction + direct object marker + noun construct - and house of", "*ha*-*melek*": "definite article + noun - the king", "*wə*-*ʾēt*": "conjunction + direct object marker", "*kāl*-*bāttê*": "noun construct + noun construct plural - all houses of", "*yərûšālaim*": "proper noun - Jerusalem", "*wə*-*ʾet*-*kāl*-*bêt*": "conjunction + direct object marker + noun construct + noun construct - and every house", "*ha*-*gādôl*": "definite article + adjective - the great", "*śārap*": "Qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - he burned", "*bā*-*ʾēš*": "preposition + definite article + noun - with the fire" }, "variants": { "*yiśrōp*": "burned/set on fire", "*bêt*-*yhwh*": "house of YHWH/temple", "*bêt* *ha*-*gādôl*": "great house/important building/palace" } }
• Lam 2:1-7 : 1 { "verseID": "Lamentations.2.1", "source": "אֵיכָה֩ יָעִ֨יב בְּאַפּ֤וֹ ׀ אֲדֹנָי֙ אֶת־בַּת־צִיּ֔וֹן הִשְׁלִ֤יךְ מִשָּׁמַ֙יִם֙ אֶ֔רֶץ תִּפְאֶ֖רֶת יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל וְלֹא־זָכַ֥ר הֲדֹם־רַגְלָ֖יו בְּי֥וֹם אַפּֽוֹ׃", "text": "How *yāʿîb* in-*ʾap* his *ʾăḏōnāy* *ʾeṯ*-daughter-*ṣiyyôn* *hišlîḵ* from-*šāmayim* to-*ʾereṣ* *tip̄ʾereṯ* *yiśrāʾēl* and-not-*zāḵar* footstool-*raḡlāyw* in-day *ʾappô*", "grammar": { "*ʾēîḵâ*": "interrogative adverb - how", "*yāʿîb*": "hiphil perfect, 3rd masculine singular - he has darkened/clouded", "*bəʾappô*": "preposition + noun + 3rd masculine singular suffix - in his anger", "*ʾăḏōnāy*": "noun, masculine singular - Lord", "*ʾeṯ*": "direct object marker", "*baṯ-ṣiyyôn*": "construct chain - daughter of Zion", "*hišlîḵ*": "hiphil perfect, 3rd masculine singular - he has cast down", "*miššāmayim*": "preposition + noun, masculine plural - from heaven", "*ʾereṣ*": "noun, feminine singular - earth/land", "*tip̄ʾereṯ*": "noun, feminine singular construct - glory/beauty of", "*yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel", "*wəlōʾ-zāḵar*": "conjunction + negative particle + qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he has not remembered", "*hăḏōm-raḡlāyw*": "construct chain + 3rd masculine singular suffix - footstool of his feet", "*bəyôm*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular construct - in day of", "*ʾappô*": "noun, masculine singular + 3rd masculine singular suffix - his anger" }, "variants": { "*yāʿîb*": "darken/bring darkness/cover with clouds/make gloomy", "*ʾăḏōnāy*": "Lord/master/sovereign", "*hišlîḵ*": "cast down/throw down/fling down", "*šāmayim*": "heaven/sky/heavens", "*tip̄ʾereṯ*": "beauty/glory/splendor/ornament", "*zāḵar*": "remember/recall/call to mind", "*hăḏōm*": "footstool/supporting platform" } } 2 { "verseID": "Lamentations.2.2", "source": "בִּלַּ֨ע אֲדֹנָ֜י *לא **וְלֹ֣א חָמַ֗ל אֵ֚ת כָּל־נְא֣וֹת יַעֲקֹ֔ב הָרַ֧ס בְּעֶבְרָת֛וֹ מִבְצְרֵ֥י בַת־יְהוּדָ֖ה הִגִּ֣יעַ לָאָ֑רֶץ חִלֵּ֥ל מַמְלָכָ֖ה וְשָׂרֶֽיהָ׃", "text": "*billaʿ* *ʾăḏōnāy* and-not *ḥāmal* *ʾēṯ* all-*nəʾôṯ* *yaʿăqōḇ* *hāras* in-*ʿeḇrāṯô* *miḇṣərê* daughter-*yəhûḏâ* *higgîaʿ* to-*ʾāreṣ* *ḥillēl* *mamlāḵâ* and-*śārêhā*", "grammar": { "*billaʿ*": "piel perfect, 3rd masculine singular - he has swallowed up/devoured", "*ʾăḏōnāy*": "noun, masculine singular - Lord", "*wəlōʾ*": "conjunction + negative particle - and not", "*ḥāmal*": "qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - he has spared/pitied", "*ʾēṯ*": "direct object marker", "*kol-nəʾôṯ*": "construct chain - all dwellings/pastures of", "*yaʿăqōḇ*": "proper noun - Jacob", "*hāras*": "qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - he has torn down/destroyed", "*bəʿeḇrāṯô*": "preposition + noun, feminine singular + 3rd masculine singular suffix - in his wrath", "*miḇṣərê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - fortresses/strongholds of", "*baṯ-yəhûḏâ*": "construct chain - daughter of Judah", "*higgîaʿ*": "hiphil perfect, 3rd masculine singular - he has brought down/made touch", "*lāʾāreṣ*": "preposition + definite article + noun, feminine singular - to the ground", "*ḥillēl*": "piel perfect, 3rd masculine singular - he has profaned/defiled", "*mamlāḵâ*": "noun, feminine singular - kingdom", "*wəśārêhā*": "conjunction + noun, masculine plural + 3rd feminine singular suffix - and her princes/officials" }, "variants": { "*billaʿ*": "swallow up/engulf/devour/destroy", "*ḥāmal*": "spare/have compassion/show mercy", "*nəʾôṯ*": "dwellings/habitations/pastures", "*hāras*": "tear down/break down/destroy/overthrow", "*ʿeḇrāṯô*": "wrath/rage/fury/overflow of anger", "*miḇṣərê*": "fortresses/strongholds/fortified places", "*higgîaʿ*": "bring down to/make touch/reach", "*ḥillēl*": "profane/defile/pollute/desecrate" } } 3 { "verseID": "Lamentations.2.3", "source": "גָּדַ֣ע בָּֽחֳרִי אַ֗ף כֹּ֚ל קֶ֣רֶן יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל הֵשִׁ֥יב אָח֛וֹר יְמִינ֖וֹ מִפְּנֵ֣י אוֹיֵ֑ב וַיִּבְעַ֤ר בְּיַעֲקֹב֙ כְּאֵ֣שׁ לֶֽהָבָ֔ה אָכְלָ֖ה סָבִֽיב׃", "text": "*gāḏaʿ* in-*ḥorî* *ʾap̄* all *qeren* *yiśrāʾēl* *hēšîḇ* *ʾāḥôr* *yəmînô* from-*pənê* *ʾôyēḇ* and-*wayyiḇʿar* in-*yaʿăqōḇ* like-*ʾēš* *lehāḇâ* *ʾāḵlâ* *sāḇîḇ*", "grammar": { "*gāḏaʿ*": "qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - he has cut off/hewn down", "*bāḥorî-ʾap̄*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular construct + noun - in fierce anger", "*kol*": "noun, masculine singular construct - all/every", "*qeren*": "noun, feminine singular construct - horn/power of", "*yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel", "*hēšîḇ*": "hiphil perfect, 3rd masculine singular - he has drawn back/withdrawn", "*ʾāḥôr*": "adverb - backward", "*yəmînô*": "noun, feminine singular + 3rd masculine singular suffix - his right hand", "*mippənê*": "preposition + noun, masculine plural construct - from before/from the face of", "*ʾôyēḇ*": "qal participle, masculine singular - enemy", "*wayyiḇʿar*": "conjunction + qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he has burned", "*bəyaʿăqōḇ*": "preposition + proper noun - in Jacob", "*kəʾēš*": "preposition + noun, feminine singular - like fire", "*lehāḇâ*": "noun, feminine singular - flame", "*ʾāḵlâ*": "qal perfect, 3rd feminine singular - it has devoured", "*sāḇîḇ*": "adverb - around/surrounding" }, "variants": { "*gāḏaʿ*": "cut off/cut down/hew down/break", "*ḥorî-ʾap̄*": "burning anger/fierce anger/heat of anger", "*qeren*": "horn/power/strength/might", "*hēšîḇ*": "turn back/withdraw/draw back/return", "*yəmînô*": "right hand/right side/south", "*wayyiḇʿar*": "burn/consume/kindle/be kindled", "*lehāḇâ*": "flame/blaze/flashing blade", "*ʾāḵlâ*": "devour/consume/eat" } } 4 { "verseID": "Lamentations.2.4", "source": "דָּרַ֨ךְ קַשְׁתּ֜וֹ כְּאוֹיֵ֗ב נִצָּ֤ב יְמִינוֹ֙ כְּצָ֔ר וַֽיַּהֲרֹ֔ג כֹּ֖ל מַחֲמַדֵּי־עָ֑יִן בְּאֹ֙הֶל֙ בַּת־צִיּ֔וֹן שָׁפַ֥ךְ כָּאֵ֖שׁ חֲמָתֽוֹ׃", "text": "*dāraḵ* *qaštô* like-*ʾôyēḇ* *niṣṣāḇ* *yəmînô* like-*ṣār* and-*wayyahărōḡ* all *maḥămaddê*-*ʿāyin* in-*ʾōhel* daughter-*ṣiyyôn* *šāp̄aḵ* like-*ʾēš* *ḥămāṯô*", "grammar": { "*dāraḵ*": "qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - he has bent/drawn", "*qaštô*": "noun, feminine singular + 3rd masculine singular suffix - his bow", "*kəʾôyēḇ*": "preposition + qal participle, masculine singular - like an enemy", "*niṣṣāḇ*": "niphal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - he has stationed/positioned himself", "*yəmînô*": "noun, feminine singular + 3rd masculine singular suffix - his right hand", "*kəṣār*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular - like an adversary", "*wayyahărōḡ*": "conjunction + qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he has slain", "*kol*": "noun, masculine singular construct - all/every", "*maḥămaddê-ʿāyin*": "construct chain - pleasant things to the eye/delights of the eye", "*bəʾōhel*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular construct - in the tent of", "*baṯ-ṣiyyôn*": "construct chain - daughter of Zion", "*šāp̄aḵ*": "qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - he has poured out", "*kāʾēš*": "preposition + noun, feminine singular - like fire", "*ḥămāṯô*": "noun, feminine singular + 3rd masculine singular suffix - his fury" }, "variants": { "*dāraḵ*": "bend/draw/tread/march", "*niṣṣāḇ*": "station oneself/take a stand/be positioned", "*ṣār*": "adversary/enemy/foe/oppressor", "*wayyahărōḡ*": "kill/slay/murder", "*maḥămaddê-ʿāyin*": "delights of the eye/pleasant things to see/visually pleasing things", "*šāp̄aḵ*": "pour out/spill/shed" } } 5 { "verseID": "Lamentations.2.5", "source": "הָיָ֨ה אֲדֹנָ֤י ׀ כְּאוֹיֵב֙ בִּלַּ֣ע יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל בִּלַּע֙ כָּל־אַרְמְנוֹתֶ֔יהָ שִׁחֵ֖ת מִבְצָרָ֑יו וַיֶּ֙רֶב֙ בְּבַת־יְהוּדָ֔ה תַּאֲנִיָּ֖ה וַאֲנִיָּֽה׃", "text": "*hāyâ* *ʾăḏōnāy* like-*ʾôyēḇ* *billaʿ* *yiśrāʾēl* *billaʿ* all-*ʾarmənôṯêhā* *šiḥēṯ* *miḇṣārāyw* and-*wayyereḇ* in-daughter-*yəhûḏâ* *taʾăniyyâ* and-*ʾăniyyâ*", "grammar": { "*hāyâ*": "qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - he has become", "*ʾăḏōnāy*": "noun, masculine singular - Lord", "*kəʾôyēḇ*": "preposition + qal participle, masculine singular - like an enemy", "*billaʿ*": "piel perfect, 3rd masculine singular - he has swallowed up", "*yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel", "*billaʿ*": "piel perfect, 3rd masculine singular - he has swallowed up", "*kol-ʾarmənôṯêhā*": "construct chain + 3rd feminine singular suffix - all her palaces", "*šiḥēṯ*": "piel perfect, 3rd masculine singular - he has destroyed", "*miḇṣārāyw*": "noun, masculine plural + 3rd masculine singular suffix - his strongholds", "*wayyereḇ*": "conjunction + hiphil imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he has multiplied", "*bəḇaṯ-yəhûḏâ*": "preposition + construct chain - in daughter of Judah", "*taʾăniyyâ*": "noun, feminine singular - mourning", "*waʾăniyyâ*": "conjunction + noun, feminine singular - and moaning" }, "variants": { "*hāyâ*": "become/come to pass/occur/happen", "*billaʿ*": "swallow up/engulf/devour/destroy", "*šiḥēṯ*": "destroy/ruin/corrupt/spoil", "*wayyereḇ*": "multiply/increase/make great", "*taʾăniyyâ*": "mourning/lamentation/sorrow", "*ʾăniyyâ*": "moaning/groaning/sighing/lamentation" } } 6 { "verseID": "Lamentations.2.6", "source": "וַיַּחְמֹ֤ס כַּגַּן֙ שֻׂכּ֔וֹ שִׁחֵ֖ת מוֹעֲד֑וֹ שִׁכַּ֨ח יְהוָ֤ה ׀ בְּצִיּוֹן֙ מוֹעֵ֣ד וְשַׁבָּ֔ת וַיִּנְאַ֥ץ בְּזַֽעַם־אַפּ֖וֹ מֶ֥לֶךְ וְכֹהֵֽן׃", "text": "And-*wayaḥmōs* like-*gan* *śukkô* *šiḥēṯ* *môʿăḏô* *šikkaḥ* *YHWH* in-*ṣiyyôn* *môʿēḏ* and-*šabbāṯ* and-*wayyinʾaṣ* in-*zaʿam*-*ʾappô* *meleḵ* and-*ḵōhēn*", "grammar": { "*wayaḥmōs*": "conjunction + qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he has violently taken away", "*kaggan*": "preposition + definite article + noun, masculine singular - like a garden", "*śukkô*": "noun, masculine singular + 3rd masculine singular suffix - his booth/tabernacle", "*šiḥēṯ*": "piel perfect, 3rd masculine singular - he has destroyed", "*môʿăḏô*": "noun, masculine singular + 3rd masculine singular suffix - his appointed place/meeting place", "*šikkaḥ*": "piel perfect, 3rd masculine singular - he has caused to forget", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - LORD", "*bəṣiyyôn*": "preposition + proper noun - in Zion", "*môʿēḏ*": "noun, masculine singular - appointed time/festival", "*wəšabbāṯ*": "conjunction + noun, feminine singular - and Sabbath", "*wayyinʾaṣ*": "conjunction + qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he has spurned", "*bəzaʿam-ʾappô*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular construct + noun + 3rd masculine singular suffix - in the indignation of his anger", "*meleḵ*": "noun, masculine singular - king", "*wəḵōhēn*": "conjunction + noun, masculine singular - and priest" }, "variants": { "*wayaḥmōs*": "violently take away/treat violently/do violence to", "*gan*": "garden/enclosure", "*śukkô*": "booth/pavilion/tabernacle/shelter", "*šiḥēṯ*": "destroy/ruin/corrupt/spoil", "*môʿăḏô*": "appointed place/meeting place/assembly place", "*šikkaḥ*": "cause to forget/make forget", "*môʿēḏ*": "appointed time/appointed place/festival/assembly", "*wayyinʾaṣ*": "spurn/reject/despise/treat with contempt", "*zaʿam*": "indignation/anger/rage/fury" } } 7 { "verseID": "Lamentations.2.7", "source": "זָנַ֨ח אֲדֹנָ֤י ׀ מִזְבְּחוֹ֙ נִאֵ֣ר מִקְדָּשׁ֔וֹ הִסְגִּיר֙ בְּיַד־אוֹיֵ֔ב חוֹמֹ֖ת אַרְמְנוֹתֶ֑יהָ ק֛וֹל נָתְנ֥וּ בְּבֵית־יְהוָ֖ה כְּי֥וֹם מוֹעֵֽד׃", "text": "*zānaḥ* *ʾăḏōnāy* *mizḇəḥô* *niʾēr* *miqdāšô* *hisgîr* in-hand-*ʾôyēḇ* *ḥômōṯ* *ʾarmənôṯêhā* *qôl* *nāṯənû* in-house-*YHWH* like-day *môʿēḏ*", "grammar": { "*zānaḥ*": "qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - he has rejected", "*ʾăḏōnāy*": "noun, masculine singular - Lord", "*mizḇəḥô*": "noun, masculine singular + 3rd masculine singular suffix - his altar", "*niʾēr*": "piel perfect, 3rd masculine singular - he has spurned/disowned", "*miqdāšô*": "noun, masculine singular + 3rd masculine singular suffix - his sanctuary", "*hisgîr*": "hiphil perfect, 3rd masculine singular - he has delivered up/given over", "*bəyaḏ-ʾôyēḇ*": "preposition + noun, feminine singular construct + qal participle, masculine singular - into the hand of the enemy", "*ḥômōṯ*": "noun, feminine plural construct - walls of", "*ʾarmənôṯêhā*": "noun, masculine plural + 3rd feminine singular suffix - her palaces", "*qôl*": "noun, masculine singular - voice/sound", "*nāṯənû*": "qal perfect, 3rd common plural - they have given/raised", "*bəḇêṯ-YHWH*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular construct + proper noun - in the house of the LORD", "*kəyôm*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular construct - like the day of", "*môʿēḏ*": "noun, masculine singular - appointed festival" }, "variants": { "*zānaḥ*": "reject/abandon/cast away", "*niʾēr*": "spurn/reject/refuse/disown", "*hisgîr*": "deliver up/hand over/shut in/enclose", "*ḥômōṯ*": "walls/ramparts/defenses", "*qôl*": "voice/sound/noise" } }
• Ezek 7:20-22 : 20 { "verseID": "Ezekiel.7.20", "source": "וּצְבִ֤י עֶדְיוֹ֙ לְגָא֣וֹן שָׂמָ֔הוּ וְצַלְמֵ֧י תוֹעֲבֹתָ֛ם שִׁקּוּצֵיהֶ֖ם עָ֣שׂוּ ב֑וֹ עַל־כֵּ֛ן נְתַתִּ֥יו לָהֶ֖ם לְנִדָּֽה׃", "text": "*û-ṣəḇî* *ʿeḏyô* *lə-ḡāʾôn* *śāmāhû* *wə-ṣalmê* *tôʿăḇōṯām* *šiqqûṣêhem* *ʿāśû* *ḇô* *ʿal*-*kēn* *nəṯattîw* *lāhem* *lə-niddāh*", "grammar": { "*û-ṣəḇî*": "conjunction + noun, masculine singular construct - and beauty/splendor of", "*ʿeḏyô*": "noun, masculine singular + 3rd masculine singular suffix - his ornament/adornment", "*lə-ḡāʾôn*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular - for pride/majesty", "*śāmāhû*": "qal perfect, 3rd masculine plural + 3rd masculine singular suffix - they set it", "*wə-ṣalmê*": "conjunction + noun, masculine plural construct - and images of", "*tôʿăḇōṯām*": "noun, feminine plural + 3rd masculine plural suffix - their abominations", "*šiqqûṣêhem*": "noun, masculine plural + 3rd masculine plural suffix - their detestable things", "*ʿāśû*": "qal perfect, 3rd common plural - they made", "*ḇô*": "preposition + 3rd masculine singular suffix - with it", "*ʿal*-*kēn*": "preposition + adverb - therefore", "*nəṯattîw*": "qal perfect, 1st singular + 3rd masculine singular suffix - I have given it", "*lāhem*": "preposition + 3rd masculine plural suffix - to them", "*lə-niddāh*": "preposition + noun, feminine singular - for impurity/filth" }, "variants": { "*ṣəḇî*": "beauty/splendor/glory", "*ʿeḏyô*": "ornament/adornment/jewelry", "*ḡāʾôn*": "pride/majesty/arrogance/excellency", "*śāmāhû*": "set/place/establish it", "*ṣalmê*": "images/idols/statues", "*tôʿăḇōṯām*": "their abominations/detestable things", "*šiqqûṣêhem*": "their detestable things/idols/abominations", "*niddāh*": "impurity/filth/menstrual impurity" } } 21 { "verseID": "Ezekiel.7.21", "source": "וּנְתַתִּ֤יו בְּיַֽד־הַזָּרִים֙ לָבַ֔ז וּלְרִשְׁעֵ֥י הָאָ֖רֶץ לְשָׁלָ֑ל וְחִלְּלֽוּהוּ׃", "text": "*û-nəṯattîw* *bə-yaḏ*-*ha-zārîm* *lāḇaz* *û-lə-rišʿê* *hā-ʾāreṣ* *lə-šālāl* *wə-ḥilləlûhû*", "grammar": { "*û-nəṯattîw*": "conjunction + qal perfect, 1st singular + 3rd masculine singular suffix - and I will give it", "*bə-yaḏ*-*ha-zārîm*": "preposition + noun, feminine singular construct + definite article + qal participle, masculine plural - into hand of the strangers", "*lāḇaz*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular - for spoil", "*û-lə-rišʿê*": "conjunction + preposition + adjective, masculine plural construct - and to wicked ones of", "*hā-ʾāreṣ*": "definite article + noun, feminine singular - the earth/land", "*lə-šālāl*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular - for plunder", "*wə-ḥilləlûhû*": "conjunction + piel perfect, 3rd common plural + 3rd masculine singular suffix - and they will profane it" }, "variants": { "*yaḏ*": "hand/power/control", "*zārîm*": "strangers/foreigners/aliens", "*baz*": "spoil/booty/plunder", "*rišʿê*": "wicked ones/evildoers", "*šālāl*": "plunder/prey/spoil", "*ḥilləlûhû*": "profane it/defile it/pollute it" } } 22 { "verseID": "Ezekiel.7.22", "source": "וַהֲסִבּוֹתִ֤י פָנַי֙ מֵהֶ֔ם וְחִלְּל֖וּ אֶת־צְפוּנִ֑י וּבָאוּ־בָ֥הּ פָּרִיצִ֖ים וְחִלְּלֽוּהָ׃ פ", "text": "*wa-hăsibbôṯî* *p̱ānay* *mēhem* *wə-ḥillělû* *ʾeṯ*-*ṣəp̱ûnî* *û-ḇāʾû*-*ḇāh* *pārîṣîm* *wə-ḥillělûhā*", "grammar": { "*wa-hăsibbôṯî*": "conjunction + hiphil perfect, 1st singular - and I will turn", "*p̱ānay*": "noun, masculine plural + 1st singular suffix - my face", "*mēhem*": "preposition + 3rd masculine plural suffix - from them", "*wə-ḥillělû*": "conjunction + piel perfect, 3rd common plural - and they will profane", "*ʾeṯ*-*ṣəp̱ûnî*": "direct object marker + noun, masculine singular + 1st singular suffix - my hidden place/secret place", "*û-ḇāʾû*-*ḇāh*": "conjunction + qal perfect, 3rd common plural + preposition + 3rd feminine singular suffix - and they will enter into it", "*pārîṣîm*": "noun, masculine plural - violent ones/robbers", "*wə-ḥillělûhā*": "conjunction + piel perfect, 3rd common plural + 3rd feminine singular suffix - and they will profane it" }, "variants": { "*hăsibbôṯî*": "turn/turn away/avert", "*p̱ānay*": "my face/presence", "*ḥillělû*": "profane/defile/pollute", "*ṣəp̱ûnî*": "my hidden place/secret place/treasure [referring to the temple]", "*pārîṣîm*": "violent ones/robbers/burglars/breakers" } }
• Ezek 11:22-23 : 22 { "verseID": "Ezekiel.11.22", "source": "וַיִּשְׂא֤וּ הַכְּרוּבִים֙ אֶת־כַּנְפֵיהֶ֔ם וְהָאֽוֹפַנִּ֖ים לְעֻמָּתָ֑ם וּכְב֧וֹד אֱלֹהֵֽי־יִשְׂרָאֵ֛ל עֲלֵיהֶ֖ם מִלְמָֽעְלָה׃", "text": "And-*yiśʾû* the-*kərûbîm* *ʾet*-*kanpêhem* and-the-*ʾôpannîm* to-*ʿummātām* and-*kəbôd* *ʾĕlōhê*-*Yiśrāʾēl* upon-them from-above", "grammar": { "*yiśʾû*": "qal imperfect 3rd masculine plural - they lifted", "*kərûbîm*": "masculine plural noun - cherubim", "*kanpêhem*": "feminine plural noun + 3rd masculine plural suffix - their wings", "*ʾôpannîm*": "masculine plural noun - wheels", "*ʿummātām*": "feminine singular noun + 3rd masculine plural suffix - their correspondence/beside them", "*kəbôd*": "masculine singular construct - glory of", "*ʾĕlōhê*": "masculine plural construct - God of", "*Yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel" }, "variants": { "*kərûbîm*": "cherubim/angelic beings", "*ʾôpannîm*": "wheels/chariot wheels", "*ʿummātām*": "their correspondence/alongside them/opposite them", "*kəbôd*": "glory/honor/splendor" } } 23 { "verseID": "Ezekiel.11.23", "source": "וַיַּ֙עַל֙ כְּב֣וֹד יְהוָ֔ה מֵעַ֖ל תּ֣וֹךְ הָעִ֑יר וַֽיַּעֲמֹד֙ עַל־הָהָ֔ר אֲשֶׁ֖ר מִקֶּ֥דֶם לָעִֽיר׃", "text": "And-*yaʿal* *kəbôd* *Yhwh* from-upon *tôk* the-*ʿîr* and-*yaʿămōd* upon-the-*hār* which from-*qedem* to-the-*ʿîr*", "grammar": { "*yaʿal*": "qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - it went up", "*kəbôd*": "masculine singular construct - glory of", "*Yhwh*": "proper noun - YHWH/LORD", "*tôk*": "masculine singular construct - midst of", "*ʿîr*": "feminine singular noun - city", "*yaʿămōd*": "qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - it stood", "*hār*": "masculine singular noun - mountain", "*qedem*": "masculine singular noun - east", "*ʿîr*": "feminine singular noun - city" }, "variants": { "*kəbôd*": "glory/honor/splendor", "*tôk*": "midst/middle/among", "*hār*": "mountain/hill/hill country", "*qedem*": "east/ancient/front" } }
• Ezek 24:21 : 21 { "verseID": "Ezekiel.24.21", "source": "אֱמֹ֣ר ׀ לְבֵ֣ית יִשְׂרָאֵ֗ל כֹּֽה־אָמַר֮ אֲדֹנָ֣י יְהוִה֒ הִנְנִ֨י מְחַלֵּ֤ל אֶת־מִקְדָּשִׁי֙ גְּא֣וֹן עֻזְּכֶ֔ם מַחְמַ֥ד עֵֽינֵיכֶ֖ם וּמַחְמַ֣ל נַפְשְׁכֶ֑ם וּבְנֵיכֶ֧ם וּבְנֽוֹתֵיכֶ֛ם אֲשֶׁ֥ר עֲזַבְתֶּ֖ם בַּחֶ֥רֶב יִפֹּֽלוּ׃", "text": "*'ĕmōr* to *bêṯ* *yiśrā'ēl*, \"Thus *'āmar* *'ăḏōnāy* *YHWH*: *hinənî* *məḥallēl* *'eṯ-miqdāšî*, *gə'ôn* *'uzəḵem*, *maḥmaḏ* *'ênêḵem*, and *maḥmal* *nap̄šəḵem*; and your *ḇənêḵem* and your *ḇənôṯêḵem* whom *'ăzaḇtem* by the *ḥereḇ* *yippōlû*.\"", "grammar": { "*'ĕmōr*": "qal imperative, masculine singular - say", "*bêṯ*": "masculine singular construct - house of", "*yiśrā'ēl*": "proper noun - Israel", "*'āmar*": "qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - said", "*'ăḏōnāy*": "divine title - Lord/my Lord", "*YHWH*": "divine name", "*hinənî*": "interjection with 1st common singular suffix - behold me", "*məḥallēl*": "piel participle, masculine singular - profaning", "*'eṯ-miqdāšî*": "direct object marker + masculine singular noun with 1st common singular suffix - my sanctuary", "*gə'ôn*": "masculine singular construct - pride of", "*'uzəḵem*": "masculine singular noun with 2nd masculine plural suffix - your strength", "*maḥmaḏ*": "masculine singular construct - desire of", "*'ênêḵem*": "feminine dual noun with 2nd masculine plural suffix - your eyes", "*maḥmal*": "masculine singular construct - compassion of", "*nap̄šəḵem*": "feminine singular noun with 2nd masculine plural suffix - your soul", "*ḇənêḵem*": "masculine plural noun with 2nd masculine plural suffix - your sons", "*ḇənôṯêḵem*": "feminine plural noun with 2nd masculine plural suffix - your daughters", "*'ăzaḇtem*": "qal perfect, 2nd masculine plural - you have left/abandoned", "*ḥereḇ*": "feminine singular noun with definite article - the sword", "*yippōlû*": "qal imperfect, 3rd masculine plural - they will fall" }, "variants": { "*'ĕmōr*": "say/speak/tell", "*bêṯ*": "house/household/family of", "*'āmar*": "said/spoke/declared", "*hinənî*": "behold me/here I am", "*məḥallēl*": "profaning/defiling/polluting", "*'eṯ-miqdāšî*": "my sanctuary/holy place", "*gə'ôn*": "pride/majesty/excellence of", "*'uzəḵem*": "your strength/might/power", "*maḥmaḏ*": "desire/delight/pleasant thing of", "*'ênêḵem*": "your eyes/sight", "*maḥmal*": "compassion/pity/object of compassion of", "*nap̄šəḵem*": "your soul/life/self", "*'ăzaḇtem*": "you have left/abandoned/forsaken", "*ḥereḇ*": "sword/knife/weapon", "*yippōlû*": "they will fall/die/be slain" } }