Verse 13

{ "verseID": "Lamentations.5.13", "source": "בַּחוּרִים֙ טְח֣וֹן נָשָׂ֔אוּ וּנְעָרִ֖ים בָּעֵ֥ץ כָּשָֽׁלוּ׃", "text": "*baḥûrîm* *ṭəḥôn* *nāśāʾû*, and-*nəʿārîm* with-the-*ʿēṣ* *kāšālû*", "grammar": { "*baḥûrîm*": "noun masculine plural - young men", "*ṭəḥôn*": "qal infinitive construct - to grind", "*nāśāʾû*": "qal perfect 3rd common plural - they carried/bore", "*nəʿārîm*": "noun masculine plural - boys/youths", "*ʿēṣ*": "noun masculine singular - wood/tree", "*kāšālû*": "qal perfect 3rd common plural - they stumbled/staggered" }, "variants": { "*baḥûrîm*": "young men/chosen men", "*ṭəḥôn*": "to grind (millstones)/grinding work", "*nāśāʾû*": "they carried/bore/lifted", "*nəʿārîm*": "boys/youths/lads", "*ʿēṣ*": "wood/tree/timber (possibly referring to heavy loads)", "*kāšālû*": "they stumbled/staggered/fell" } }

Other Translations

• GT, oversatt fra Hebraisk

  Unge menn måtte male korn, mens gutter snublet under veden.

• Moderne oversettelse av Bibelen fra 1611 KJV med hebraisk kontekst

  De unge mennene måtte male korn, og guttene falt under børen av ved.

• Norsk King James

  De tok de unge mennene til å male, og barna falt under vekten av veden.

• Modernisert Norsk Bibel 1866

  Unge menn må male korn, og gutter snubler under tunge byrder.

• Oversettelse av hebraiske Bibeltekster til moderne norsk bokmål

  De unge har måttet bære kvernen, gutter snubler under vedens byrde.

• Bibelen: En Moderne Oversettelse av King James Version 1611

  De unge mennene må kverne, og barna segner under vedbjelkene.

• o3-mini KJV Norsk

  De tok de unge mennene for å male, og barna falt under veden.

• En Moderne Oversettelse av King James Version 1611 (mar 2025)

  De unge mennene må kverne, og barna segner under vedbjelkene.

• Lingvistisk bibeloversettelse fra grunntekst

  Unge menn må male korn, gutter snubler under vedbører.

• Linguistic Bible Translation from Source Texts

  Young men toil at the grinding millstones, and boys stumble under heavy loads of wood.

• GT, oversatt fra hebraisk Aug2024

  Unge menn må bære kornmøller, og gutter faller under vedbører.

• Original Norsk Bibel 1866

  De toge unge Karle til at male, og Drenge snublede under (Byrden af) Ved.

• King James Version 1769 (Standard Version)

  They took the young men to grind, and the children fell under the wood.

• KJV 1769 norsk

  Unge menn må male korn, og barn snubler under tunge bører.

• KJV1611 - Moderne engelsk

  They took the young men to grind, and the children stumbled under the loads of wood.

• King James Version 1611 (Original)

  They took the young men to grind, and the children fell under the wood.

• Norsk oversettelse av Webster

  De unge mennene bar kvernen; barna snublet under vedbør.

• Norsk oversettelse av Youngs Literal Translation

  Unge menn bærer møllesteinen, gutter segner under vedbyrden.

• Norsk oversettelse av ASV1901

  Unge menn bærer møllesteinen, guttene snubler under veden.

• Norsk oversettelse av BBE

  De unge mennene knuste kornet, og guttene segnet under vekten av veden.

• Coverdale Bible (1535)

  they haue taken yonge mens lyues from them, and the boyes are hanged vp vpon trees.

• Geneva Bible (1560)

  They tooke the yong men to grinde, and the children fell vnder the wood.

• Bishops' Bible (1568)

  They haue taken young men to grinde, and the boyes fainted vnder the burthens of wood.

• Authorized King James Version (1611)

  They took the young men to grind, and the children fell under the wood.

• Webster's Bible (1833)

  The young men bare the mill; The children stumbled under the wood.

• Young's Literal Translation (1862/1898)

  Young men to grind they have taken, And youths with wood have stumbled.

• American Standard Version (1901)

  The young men bare the mill; And the children stumbled under the wood.

• Bible in Basic English (1941)

  The young men were crushing the grain, and the boys were falling under the wood.

• World English Bible (2000)

  The young men bare the mill; The children stumbled under the wood.

• NET Bible® (New English Translation)

  The young men perform menial labor; boys stagger from their labor.

Referenced Verses

• Judg 16:21 : 21 { "verseID": "Judges.16.21", "source": "וַיֹּאחֲז֣וּהוּ פְלִשְׁתִּ֔ים וֽ͏ַיְנַקְּר֖וּ אֶת־עֵינָ֑יו וַיּוֹרִ֨ידוּ אוֹת֜וֹ עַזָּ֗תָה וַיַּאַסְר֙וּהוּ֙ בַּֽנְחֻשְׁתַּ֔יִם וַיְהִ֥י טוֹחֵ֖ן בְּבֵ֥ית הָאֲסוּרִֽים׃", "text": "And *ʾāḥaz* him *Pᵉlištîm*, and they *nāqar* *ʾet*-his *ʿayin*, and they *yārad* him *ʿAzzâ*-ward, and they *ʾāsar* him with *nᵉḥošet*, and he *hāyâ* *ṭāḥan* in *bayit* of the *ʾāsîr*.", "grammar": { "*ʾāḥaz*": "Qal imperfect 3rd masculine plural with waw consecutive with 3rd masculine singular suffix - seized, took hold of", "*Pᵉlištîm*": "proper noun, masculine plural - Philistines", "*nāqar*": "Piel imperfect 3rd masculine plural with waw consecutive - gouged out, bored out", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*ʿayin*": "noun, feminine dual with 3rd masculine singular suffix - eyes", "*yārad*": "Hiphil imperfect 3rd masculine plural with waw consecutive - brought down, led down", "*ʿAzzâ*": "proper noun, location - Gaza", "*ʾāsar*": "Qal imperfect 3rd masculine plural with waw consecutive with 3rd masculine singular suffix - bound, tied", "*nᵉḥošet*": "noun, feminine dual with definite article - bronze fetters, chains", "*hāyâ*": "Qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular with waw consecutive - became, was", "*ṭāḥan*": "Qal participle masculine singular - grinding", "*bayit*": "noun, masculine singular construct - house", "*ʾāsîr*": "noun, masculine plural with definite article - prisoners, captives" }, "variants": { "*nāqar*": "gouged out, bored out, put out", "*nᵉḥošet*": "bronze fetters, chains, shackles", "*ṭāḥan*": "grinding (grain), milling", "*ʾāsîr*": "prisoners, captives, those bound" } }
• Neh 5:1-5 : 1 { "verseID": "Nehemiah.5.1", "source": "וַתְּהִ֨י צַעֲקַ֥ת הָעָ֛ם וּנְשֵׁיהֶ֖ם גְּדוֹלָ֑ה אֶל־אֲחֵיהֶ֖ם הַיְּהוּדִֽים׃", "text": "And *wattĕhî* *ṣaʿăqat* the *hāʿām* and *nĕšêhem* *gĕdôlâ* against *ʾăḥêhem* the *hayyĕhûdîm*.", "grammar": { "*wattĕhî*": "waw-consecutive with imperfect, 3rd feminine singular - and there was/became", "*ṣaʿăqat*": "construct state, feminine singular - outcry/complaint of", "*hāʿām*": "definite noun, masculine singular - the people", "*nĕšêhem*": "noun with 3rd masculine plural suffix - their wives", "*gĕdôlâ*": "adjective, feminine singular - great/loud", "*ʾăḥêhem*": "noun with 3rd masculine plural suffix - their brothers", "*hayyĕhûdîm*": "definite noun, masculine plural - the Jews" }, "variants": { "*ṣaʿăqat*": "outcry/complaint/protest", "*gĕdôlâ*": "great/loud/severe" } } 2 { "verseID": "Nehemiah.5.2", "source": "וְיֵשׁ֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר אֹמְרִ֔ים בָּנֵ֥ינוּ וּבְנֹתֵ֖ינוּ אֲנַ֣חְנוּ רַבִּ֑ים וְנִקְחָ֥ה דָגָ֖ן וְנֹאכְלָ֥ה וְנִחְיֶֽה׃", "text": "And *yēš* *ʾăšer* *ʾōmĕrîm* *bānênû* and *ûḇĕnōtênû* *ʾănaḥnû* *rabbîm* and *wĕniqqĕḥâ* *dāḡān* and *wĕnōʾḵĕlâ* and *wĕniḥyeh*.", "grammar": { "*yēš*": "existential particle - there are", "*ʾăšer*": "relative pronoun - who", "*ʾōmĕrîm*": "qal participle, masculine plural - saying", "*bānênû*": "noun with 1st plural suffix - our sons", "*ûḇĕnōtênû*": "conjunction + noun with 1st plural suffix - and our daughters", "*ʾănaḥnû*": "1st person plural pronoun - we", "*rabbîm*": "adjective, masculine plural - many", "*wĕniqqĕḥâ*": "conjunction + qal cohortative, 1st plural - and let us take/get", "*dāḡān*": "noun, masculine singular - grain", "*wĕnōʾḵĕlâ*": "conjunction + qal cohortative, 1st plural - and let us eat", "*wĕniḥyeh*": "conjunction + qal cohortative, 1st plural - and let us live" }, "variants": { "*yēš*": "there are/there were/some", "*dāḡān*": "grain/corn" } } 3 { "verseID": "Nehemiah.5.3", "source": "וְיֵשׁ֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר אֹמְרִ֔ים שְׂדֹתֵ֛ינוּ וּכְרָמֵ֥ינוּ וּבָתֵּ֖ינוּ אֲנַ֣חְנוּ עֹרְבִ֑ים וְנִקְחָ֥ה דָגָ֖ן בָּרָעָֽב׃", "text": "And *yēš* *ʾăšer* *ʾōmĕrîm* *śĕdōtênû* and *ûḵĕrāmênû* and *ûḇāttênû* *ʾănaḥnû* *ʿōrĕḇîm* and *wĕniqqĕḥâ* *dāḡān* in *bārāʿāḇ*.", "grammar": { "*yēš*": "existential particle - there are", "*ʾăšer*": "relative pronoun - who", "*ʾōmĕrîm*": "qal participle, masculine plural - saying", "*śĕdōtênû*": "noun with 1st plural suffix - our fields", "*ûḵĕrāmênû*": "conjunction + noun with 1st plural suffix - and our vineyards", "*ûḇāttênû*": "conjunction + noun with 1st plural suffix - and our houses", "*ʾănaḥnû*": "1st person plural pronoun - we", "*ʿōrĕḇîm*": "qal participle, masculine plural - pledging/mortgaging", "*wĕniqqĕḥâ*": "conjunction + qal cohortative, 1st plural - and let us take/get", "*dāḡān*": "noun, masculine singular - grain", "*bārāʿāḇ*": "preposition + definite noun, masculine singular - in the famine" }, "variants": { "*ʿōrĕḇîm*": "pledging/mortgaging/giving as security", "*dāḡān*": "grain/corn" } } 4 { "verseID": "Nehemiah.5.4", "source": "וְיֵשׁ֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר אֹמְרִ֔ים לָוִ֥ינוּ כֶ֖סֶף לְמִדַּ֣ת הַמֶּ֑לֶךְ שְׂדֹתֵ֖ינוּ וּכְרָמֵֽינוּ׃", "text": "And *yēš* *ʾăšer* *ʾōmĕrîm* *lāwînû* *kesep* for *lĕmiddat* the *hammelek* [on] *śĕdōtênû* and *ûḵĕrāmênû*.", "grammar": { "*yēš*": "existential particle - there are", "*ʾăšer*": "relative pronoun - who", "*ʾōmĕrîm*": "qal participle, masculine plural - saying", "*lāwînû*": "qal perfect, 1st plural - we have borrowed", "*kesep*": "noun, masculine singular - silver/money", "*lĕmiddat*": "preposition + construct state, feminine singular - for the tribute/tax of", "*hammelek*": "definite noun, masculine singular - the king", "*śĕdōtênû*": "noun with 1st plural suffix - our fields", "*ûḵĕrāmênû*": "conjunction + noun with 1st plural suffix - and our vineyards" }, "variants": { "*kesep*": "silver/money", "*lĕmiddat*": "for the tribute/tax/impost of" } } 5 { "verseID": "Nehemiah.5.5", "source": "וְעַתָּ֗ה כִּבְשַׂ֤ר אַחֵ֙ינוּ֙ בְּשָׂרֵ֔נוּ כִּבְנֵיהֶ֖ם בָּנֵ֑ינוּ וְהִנֵּ֣ה אֲנַ֣חְנוּ כֹ֠בְשִׁים אֶת־בָּנֵ֨ינוּ וְאֶת־בְּנֹתֵ֜ינוּ לַעֲבָדִ֗ים וְיֵ֨שׁ מִבְּנֹתֵ֤ינוּ נִכְבָּשׁוֹת֙ וְאֵ֣ין לְאֵ֣ל יָדֵ֔נוּ וּשְׂדֹתֵ֥ינוּ וּכְרָמֵ֖ינוּ לַאֲחֵרִֽים׃", "text": "And *wĕʿattâ* like *kiḇśar* *ʾaḥênû* [is] *bĕśārēnû*, like *kiḇnêhem* [are] *bānênû*; and *wĕhinnēh* *ʾănaḥnû* *ḵōḇĕšîm* *ʾet*-*bānênû* and *wĕʾet*-*bĕnōtênû* to *laʿăḇādîm*, and *wĕyēš* from *mibbĕnōtênû* *niḵbāšôt* and *wĕʾên* to *lĕʾēl* *yādēnû*, and *ûśĕdōtênû* and *ûḵĕrāmênû* belong to *laʾăḥērîm*.", "grammar": { "*wĕʿattâ*": "conjunction + adverb - and now", "*kiḇśar*": "preposition + construct noun, masculine singular - like the flesh of", "*ʾaḥênû*": "noun with 1st plural suffix - our brothers", "*bĕśārēnû*": "noun with 1st plural suffix - our flesh", "*kiḇnêhem*": "preposition + noun with 3rd masculine plural suffix - like their children", "*bānênû*": "noun with 1st plural suffix - our children", "*wĕhinnēh*": "conjunction + demonstrative particle - and behold", "*ʾănaḥnû*": "1st person plural pronoun - we", "*ḵōḇĕšîm*": "qal participle, masculine plural - forcing/subjecting", "*bānênû*": "noun with 1st plural suffix - our sons", "*bĕnōtênû*": "noun with 1st plural suffix - our daughters", "*laʿăḇādîm*": "preposition + noun, masculine plural - as slaves", "*wĕyēš*": "conjunction + existential particle - and there are", "*mibbĕnōtênû*": "preposition + noun with 1st plural suffix - from our daughters", "*niḵbāšôt*": "niphal participle, feminine plural - are being forced/subdued", "*wĕʾên*": "conjunction + existential particle (negative) - and there is not", "*lĕʾēl*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular - to the power of", "*yādēnû*": "noun with 1st plural suffix - our hand", "*ûśĕdōtênû*": "conjunction + noun with 1st plural suffix - and our fields", "*ûḵĕrāmênû*": "conjunction + noun with 1st plural suffix - and our vineyards", "*laʾăḥērîm*": "preposition + adjective, masculine plural - to/for others" }, "variants": { "*ḵōḇĕšîm*": "forcing/subjecting/bringing into bondage", "*niḵbāšôt*": "being forced/brought into bondage/subjugated", "*lĕʾēl*": "to the power of/within the ability of" } }
• Job 31:10 : 10 { "verseID": "Job.31.10", "source": "תִּטְחַ֣ן לְאַחֵ֣ר אִשְׁתִּ֑י וְ֝עָלֶ֗יהָ יִכְרְע֥וּן אֲחֵרִֽין׃", "text": "*tiṭḥan lə-ʾaḥēr ʾištî* and-upon-her *yikrəʿûn ʾăḥērîn*", "grammar": { "*tiṭḥan*": "verb, qal imperfect, 3rd person feminine singular jussive - let her grind", "*lə-ʾaḥēr*": "preposition with adjective, masculine singular - for another", "*ʾištî*": "noun, feminine singular with 1st person singular suffix - my wife", "*yikrəʿûn*": "verb, qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine plural paragogic nun - they would bow down", "*ʾăḥērîn*": "adjective, masculine plural - others" }, "variants": { "*tiṭḥan*": "let her grind/may she grind [grain, euphemism for sexual relations]", "*ʾaḥēr*": "another/someone else", "*yikrəʿûn*": "bow down/kneel/stoop [euphemism for sexual relations]", "*ʾăḥērîn*": "others/other men" } }
• Isa 47:2 : 2 { "verseID": "Isaiah.47.2", "source": "קְחִ֥י רֵחַ֖יִם וְטַ֣חֲנִי קָ֑מַח גַּלִּ֨י צַמָּתֵ֧ךְ חֶשְׂפִּי־שֹׁ֛בֶל גַּלִּי־שׁ֖וֹק עִבְרִ֥י נְהָרֽוֹת׃", "text": "*qəḥî* *rēḥayim* and-*ṭaḥănî* *qāmaḥ* *gallî* *ṣammāṯēḵ* *ḥeśpî*-*šōḇel* *gallî*-*šôq* *ʿiḇrî* *nəhārôṯ*.", "grammar": { "*qəḥî*": "qal imperative, feminine singular - take", "*rēḥayim*": "dual noun - millstones/handmill", "*ṭaḥănî*": "qal imperative, feminine singular - grind", "*qāmaḥ*": "masculine singular - flour/meal", "*gallî*": "piel imperative, feminine singular - uncover/remove", "*ṣammāṯēḵ*": "feminine singular noun with 2nd person feminine singular suffix - your veil", "*ḥeśpî*": "qal imperative, feminine singular - strip off/uncover", "*šōḇel*": "masculine singular noun - flowing skirt/train", "*šôq*": "feminine singular - leg/thigh", "*ʿiḇrî*": "qal imperative, feminine singular - cross over/pass through", "*nəhārôṯ*": "masculine plural - rivers/streams" }, "variants": { "*rēḥayim*": "millstones/handmill", "*ṭaḥănî*": "grind/mill", "*qāmaḥ*": "flour/meal", "*ṣammāṯēḵ*": "your veil/your hair/your locks", "*šōḇel*": "flowing skirt/train of a robe", "*šôq*": "leg/thigh", "*nəhārôṯ*": "rivers/streams" } }
• Isa 58:6 : 6 { "verseID": "Isaiah.58.6", "source": "הֲל֣וֹא זֶה֮ צ֣וֹם אֶבְחָרֵהוּ֒ פַּתֵּ֙חַ֙ חַרְצֻבּ֣וֹת רֶ֔שַׁע הַתֵּ֖ר אֲגֻדּ֣וֹת מוֹטָ֑ה וְשַׁלַּ֤ח רְצוּצִים֙ חָפְשִׁ֔ים וְכָל־מוֹטָ֖ה תְּנַתֵּֽקוּ׃", "text": "*hă*-not this *ṣôm* *ʾebḥārēhû* *pattēaḥ* *ḥarṣubbôt* *rešaʿ* *hattēr* *ʾăguddôt* *môṭāh* *wə*-*šallaḥ* *rəṣûṣîm* *ḥāpšîm* *wə*-all-*môṭāh* *tənatēqû*", "grammar": { "*hă*-*lôʾ*": "interrogative particle with negative - is not?", "*zeh*": "demonstrative - this", "*ṣôm*": "noun - fast", "*ʾebḥārēhû*": "imperfect 1st person singular with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - I choose it", "*pattēaḥ*": "infinitive absolute - to loose/open", "*ḥarṣubbôt*": "noun, plural construct - bonds/fetters of", "*rešaʿ*": "noun - wickedness", "*hattēr*": "infinitive absolute - to untie/loosen", "*ʾăguddôt*": "noun, plural construct - bonds/bands of", "*môṭāh*": "noun - yoke", "*wə*-*šallaḥ*": "conjunction with infinitive absolute - and to let go", "*rəṣûṣîm*": "passive participle masculine plural - oppressed", "*ḥāpšîm*": "adjective masculine plural - free", "*wə*-*kol*-*môṭāh*": "conjunction with noun 'all' with noun - and every yoke", "*tənatēqû*": "imperfect 2nd person masculine plural - you break" }, "variants": { "*ṣôm*": "fast/fasting", "*ʾebḥārēhû*": "I choose it/I select it/I prefer it", "*pattēaḥ*": "to loose/to open/to unbind", "*ḥarṣubbôt*": "bonds/fetters/chains", "*rešaʿ*": "wickedness/evil/injustice", "*hattēr*": "to untie/to loosen/to release", "*ʾăguddôt*": "bonds/bands/bindings", "*môṭāh*": "yoke/bar", "*šallaḥ*": "to let go/to send away/to release", "*rəṣûṣîm*": "oppressed/crushed ones", "*ḥāpšîm*": "free/liberty", "*tənatēqû*": "you break/you tear off/you pull apart" } }
• Matt 23:4 : 4 { "verseID": "Matthew.23.4", "source": "Δεσμεύουσιν γὰρ φορτία βαρέα καὶ δυσβάστακτα, καὶ ἐπιτιθέασιν ἐπὶ τοὺς ὤμους τῶν ἀνθρώπων· τῷ δὲ δακτύλῳ αὐτῶν οὐ θέλουσιν κινῆσαι αὐτά.", "text": "*Desmeuousin* *gar* *phortia* *barea* and *dysbastakta*, and *epititheasin* upon the *ōmous* of-the *anthrōpōn*; with-the *de* *daktylō* of-them not *thelousin* *kinēsai* them.", "grammar": { "*Desmeuousin*": "present, active, indicative, 3rd person plural - they bind/tie up", "*gar*": "conjunction - for/because", "*phortia*": "accusative, neuter, plural - burdens/loads", "*barea*": "accusative, neuter, plural - heavy/weighty", "*dysbastakta*": "accusative, neuter, plural - difficult to bear/carry", "*epititheasin*": "present, active, indicative, 3rd person plural - they place upon/lay on", "*epi*": "preposition with accusative - upon/on", "*ōmous*": "accusative, masculine, plural - shoulders", "*anthrōpōn*": "genitive, masculine, plural - of men/people", "*tō daktylō*": "dative, masculine, singular - with the finger (instrumental)", "*de*": "adversative particle - but/yet/however", "*ou thelousin*": "present, active, indicative, 3rd person plural with negative - they do not wish/want", "*kinēsai*": "aorist, active, infinitive - to move/stir", "*auta*": "accusative, neuter, plural - them (referring to burdens)" }, "variants": { "*Desmeuousin*": "bind/tie up/bundle together", "*phortia*": "burdens/loads/cargo", "*barea*": "heavy/weighty/burdensome", "*dysbastakta*": "hard to carry/difficult to bear", "*epititheasin*": "place upon/lay on/put on", "*ōmous*": "shoulders", "*thelousin*": "wish/want/desire", "*kinēsai*": "to move/stir/shift" } }
• Exod 1:11 : 11 { "verseID": "Exodus.1.11", "source": "וַיָּשִׂ֤ימוּ עָלָיו֙ שָׂרֵ֣י מִסִּ֔ים לְמַ֥עַן עַנֹּת֖וֹ בְּסִבְלֹתָ֑ם וַיִּ֜בֶן עָרֵ֤י מִסְכְּנוֹת֙ לְפַרְעֹ֔ה אֶת־פִּתֹ֖ם וְאֶת־רַעַמְסֵֽס׃", "text": "And *way-yāśîmû* upon him *śārê* *missîm* for purpose *ʿannōtô* with their *siḇlōtām* and *way-yiḇen* *ʿārê* *miskənôt* for *parʿōh* *ʾet*-*pitōm* and *ʾet*-*raʿamsēs*", "grammar": { "וַיָּשִׂ֤ימוּ": "conjunction *wə-* + verb, Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine plural, vav-consecutive - 'and they set'", "עָלָיו֙": "preposition + 3rd masculine singular suffix - 'upon him/it'", "*śārê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - 'chiefs of'", "*missîm*": "noun, masculine plural - 'forced labor/tribute'", "לְמַ֥עַן": "preposition - 'for the purpose of'", "*ʿannōtô*": "infinitive construct, Piel + 3rd masculine singular suffix - 'afflicting him'", "בְּסִבְלֹתָ֑ם": "preposition + noun, feminine plural + 3rd masculine plural suffix - 'with their burdens'", "וַיִּ֜בֶן": "conjunction *wə-* + verb, Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular, vav-consecutive - 'and he built'", "*ʿārê*": "noun, feminine plural construct - 'cities of'", "*miskənôt*": "noun, feminine plural - 'storage'", "לְפַרְעֹ֔ה": "preposition + proper noun - 'for Pharaoh'", "אֶת־פִּתֹ֖ם": "direct object marker + proper noun - 'Pithom'", "וְאֶת־רַעַמְסֵֽס": "conjunction *wə-* + direct object marker + proper noun - 'and Raamses'" }, "variants": { "*way-yāśîmû*": "they set, placed, appointed", "*śārê*": "chiefs of, officials of, taskmasters of", "*missîm*": "forced labors, slave labor, burdens, tribute", "*ʿannōtô*": "afflicting him, oppressing him, humbling him", "*siḇlōtām*": "their burdens, their forced labors", "*way-yiḇen*": "he built, constructed", "*ʿārê*": "cities of", "*miskənôt*": "storage, supply, treasure" } }
• Exod 2:11 : 11 { "verseID": "Exodus.2.11", "source": "וַיְהִ֣י ׀ בַּיָּמִ֣ים הָהֵ֗ם וַיִּגְדַּ֤ל מֹשֶׁה֙ וַיֵּצֵ֣א אֶל־אֶחָ֔יו וַיַּ֖רְא בְּסִבְלֹתָ֑ם וַיַּרְא֙ אִ֣ישׁ מִצְרִ֔י מַכֶּ֥ה אִישׁ־עִבְרִ֖י מֵאֶחָֽיו׃", "text": "*wa-yəhî bayyāmîm hāhēm wa-yigdal mōšeh wa-yēṣēʾ ʾel-ʾeḥāyw wa-yarʾ bəsiblōtām wa-yarʾ ʾîš miṣrî makkeh ʾîš-ʿibrî mēʾeḥāyw*", "grammar": { "*wa-yəhî*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and it came to pass", "*bayyāmîm*": "preposition + definite article + masculine plural noun - in the days", "*hāhēm*": "definite article + masculine plural demonstrative pronoun - those", "*wa-yigdal*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and grew up", "*mōšeh*": "proper noun - Moses", "*wa-yēṣēʾ*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and went out", "*ʾel-ʾeḥāyw*": "preposition + masculine plural noun + 3rd masculine singular suffix - to his brothers", "*wa-yarʾ*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and saw", "*bəsiblōtām*": "preposition + feminine plural noun + 3rd masculine plural suffix - in their burdens", "*wa-yarʾ*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and saw", "*ʾîš*": "masculine singular noun - a man", "*miṣrî*": "masculine singular adjective - Egyptian", "*makkeh*": "hiphil participle, masculine singular - striking", "*ʾîš-ʿibrî*": "masculine singular noun + masculine singular adjective - a Hebrew man", "*mēʾeḥāyw*": "preposition + masculine plural noun + 3rd masculine singular suffix - from his brothers" }, "variants": { "*yəhî*": "it came to pass/it happened", "*yāmîm*": "days/time", "*yigdal*": "grew up/became great", "*yēṣēʾ*": "went out/came out", "*ʾeḥāyw*": "his brothers/his kinsmen", "*yarʾ*": "saw/beheld/observed", "*siblōtām*": "their burdens/their forced labor", "*ʾîš*": "man/person", "*miṣrî*": "Egyptian", "*makkeh*": "striking/beating/hitting", "*ʿibrî*": "Hebrew/one from beyond" } }
• Exod 11:5 : 5 { "verseID": "Exodus.11.5", "source": "וּמֵ֣ת כָּל־בְּכוֹר֮ בְּאֶ֣רֶץ מִצְרַיִם֒ מִבְּכ֤וֹר פַּרְעֹה֙ הַיֹּשֵׁ֣ב עַל־כִּסְא֔וֹ עַ֚ד בְּכ֣וֹר הַשִּׁפְחָ֔ה אֲשֶׁ֖ר אַחַ֣ר הָרֵחָ֑יִם וְכֹ֖ל בְּכ֥וֹר בְּהֵמָֽה", "text": "And-*mēṯ* all-*bəḵôr* in-*ʾereṣ* *Miṣrayim* from-*bəḵôr* *Parʿōh* the-*yōšēḇ* upon-*kisʾô* until *bəḵôr* the-*šip̄ḥâh* *ʾăšer* behind the-*rēḥāyim* and-all *bəḵôr* *bəhēmâh*", "grammar": { "*mēṯ*": "qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - he will die", "*bəḵôr*": "noun, masculine singular construct - firstborn of", "*ʾereṣ*": "noun, feminine singular construct - land of", "*Miṣrayim*": "proper name - Egypt", "*Parʿōh*": "proper name - Pharaoh", "*yōšēḇ*": "qal participle, masculine singular with definite article - the one sitting", "*kisʾô*": "noun, masculine singular with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his throne", "*šip̄ḥâh*": "noun, feminine singular with definite article - the female servant/maidservant", "*ʾăšer*": "relative particle - who/which/that", "*rēḥāyim*": "noun, dual with definite article - the millstones/handmill", "*bəhēmâh*": "noun, feminine singular - beast/cattle/livestock" }, "variants": { "*mēṯ*": "perfect with future meaning - he will die/shall die", "*šip̄ḥâh*": "female servant/maidservant/slave", "*rēḥāyim*": "millstones/grinding stones/handmill" } }
• Exod 23:5 : 5 { "verseID": "Exodus.23.5", "source": "כִּֽי־תִרְאֶ֞ה חֲמ֣וֹר שֹׂנַאֲךָ֗ רֹבֵץ֙ תַּ֣חַת מַשָּׂא֔וֹ וְחָדַלְתָּ֖ מֵעֲזֹ֣ב ל֑וֹ עָזֹ֥ב תַּעֲזֹ֖ב עִמּֽוֹ׃", "text": "If-*tirʾeh* *ḥămôr* *śōnaʾăkā* *rōbēṣ* *taḥat* *maśśāʾô* and-*ḥādalĕtā* from-*ʿăzōb* to-him *ʿāzōb* *taʿăzōb* with-him", "grammar": { "*tirʾeh*": "qal imperfect 2nd person masculine singular - see/observe", "*ḥămôr*": "noun masculine singular construct - donkey", "*śōnaʾăkā*": "qal participle masculine singular construct with 2nd person masculine singular suffix - one hating you/your enemy", "*rōbēṣ*": "qal participle masculine singular - lying down/crouching", "*taḥat*": "preposition - under/beneath", "*maśśāʾô*": "noun masculine singular with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his burden/load", "*ḥādalĕtā*": "qal perfect 2nd person masculine singular - refrain/cease/leave", "*ʿăzōb*": "qal infinitive construct - to help/assist/leave", "*ʿāzōb taʿăzōb*": "qal infinitive absolute + qal imperfect 2nd person masculine singular - emphatic construction" }, "variants": { "*śōnaʾăkā*": "one hating you/your enemy/your foe", "*rōbēṣ*": "lying down/crouching/collapsed", "*ḥādalĕtā*": "refrain/cease/leave/stop yourself", "*ʿăzōb*": "help/assist/leave/release", "*ʿāzōb taʿăzōb*": "you shall surely help/you must definitely assist" } }