Verse 3

{ "verseID": "Psalms.109.3", "source": "וְדִבְרֵ֣י שִׂנְאָ֣ה סְבָב֑וּנִי וַיִּֽלָּחֲמ֥וּנִי חִנָּֽם׃", "text": "And-*dibrê* of-*śinʾâ* *səbābûnî* and-*wayyillāḥămûnî* *ḥinnām*.", "grammar": { "*dibrê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - words of", "*śinʾâ*": "noun, feminine singular - hatred", "*səbābûnî*": "verb, qal perfect 3rd person plural with 1st person singular suffix - they have surrounded me", "*wayyillāḥămûnî*": "verb, niphal imperfect 3rd person plural with waw-consecutive and 1st person singular suffix - and they fought against me", "*ḥinnām*": "adverb - without cause/gratuitously/for nothing" }, "variants": { "*śinʾâ*": "hatred/enmity/animosity", "*ḥinnām*": "without cause/freely/for no reason/gratuitously" } }

Other Translations

Referenced Verses

  • Ps 69:4 : 4 { "verseID": "Psalms.69.4", "source": "יָגַ֣עְתִּי בְקָרְאִי֮ נִחַ֢ר גְּר֫וֹנִ֥י כָּל֥וּ עֵינַ֑י מְ֝יַחֵ֗ל לֵאלֹהָֽי׃", "text": "*yāga'tî* in-*qārĕ'î* *niḥar* *gĕrônî* *kālû* *'ênay* *mĕyaḥēl* to-*'ĕlōhāy*", "grammar": { "*yāga'tî*": "Qal perfect, 1st person singular - I am weary", "*qārĕ'î*": "Qal infinitive construct with 1st person singular suffix and prefixed preposition bĕ - in my calling", "*niḥar*": "Niphal perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - it is parched/dried", "*gĕrônî*": "masculine singular noun with 1st person singular suffix - my throat", "*kālû*": "Qal perfect, 3rd person plural - they are consumed/spent", "*'ênay*": "feminine dual noun with 1st person singular suffix - my eyes", "*mĕyaḥēl*": "Piel participle, masculine singular - waiting/hoping", "*'ĕlōhāy*": "masculine plural noun with 1st person singular suffix and prefixed preposition lĕ - for my God" }, "variants": { "*yāga'tî*": "I am weary/I am exhausted", "*niḥar*": "is parched/dried/inflamed", "*gĕrônî*": "my throat/my neck", "*kālû*": "they fail/they are consumed/they are spent", "*mĕyaḥēl*": "waiting/hoping/expecting", "*'ĕlōhāy*": "my God" } }
  • Ps 35:7 : 7 { "verseID": "Psalms.35.7", "source": "כִּֽי־חִנָּ֣ם טָֽמְנוּ־לִ֭י שַׁ֣חַת רִשְׁתָּ֑ם חִ֝נָּ֗ם חָפְר֥וּ לְנַפְשִֽׁי׃", "text": "*Kî*-*ḥinnām* *ṭāmənû*-*lî* *šaḥat* *rištām*; *ḥinnām* *ḥāpərû* *lə*-*napšî*.", "grammar": { "*Kî*": "conjunction - for/because", "*ḥinnām*": "adverb - without cause/for no reason", "*ṭāmənû*": "perfect, 3rd person common plural - they hid/concealed", "*lî*": "preposition with 1st person singular suffix - for me", "*šaḥat*": "noun, feminine singular construct - pit of", "*rištām*": "noun, feminine singular construct with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - their net", "*ḥāpərû*": "perfect, 3rd person common plural - they dug", "*lə*": "preposition - for", "*napšî*": "noun, feminine singular construct with 1st person singular suffix - my soul" }, "variants": { "*ḥinnām*": "without cause/gratuitously/for no reason", "*ṭāmənû*": "hid/concealed/laid secretly", "*šaḥat*": "pit/trap/destruction", "*rištām*": "their net/trap", "*ḥāpərû*": "dug/excavated", "*napšî*": "soul/life/self/person" } }
  • Ps 35:20 : 20 { "verseID": "Psalms.35.20", "source": "כִּ֤י לֹ֥א שָׁל֗וֹם יְדַ֫בֵּ֥רוּ וְעַ֥ל רִגְעֵי־אֶ֑רֶץ דִּבְרֵ֥י מִ֝רְמוֹת יַחֲשֹׁבֽוּן׃", "text": "*Kî* *lōʾ* *šālôm* *yədabbērû*; *wə*-*ʿal* *rigʿêy*-*ʾereṣ* *dibrêy* *mirmôt* *yaḥăšōbûn*.", "grammar": { "*Kî*": "conjunction - for/because", "*lōʾ*": "negative particle - not", "*šālôm*": "noun, masculine singular - peace", "*yədabbērû*": "piel imperfect, 3rd person masculine plural - they speak", "*wə*": "conjunction - and", "*ʿal*": "preposition - against", "*rigʿêy*": "noun, masculine plural construct - quiet ones of", "*ʾereṣ*": "noun, feminine singular - land/earth", "*dibrêy*": "noun, masculine plural construct - words of", "*mirmôt*": "noun, feminine plural - deceits", "*yaḥăšōbûn*": "qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine plural - they devise" }, "variants": { "*šālôm*": "peace/prosperity/welfare/completeness", "*yədabbērû*": "they speak/talk/utter", "*rigʿêy*": "quiet ones/peaceful ones/calm ones", "*ʾereṣ*": "land/earth/ground/territory", "*dibrêy*": "words/sayings/speech", "*mirmôt*": "deceits/treacheries/frauds", "*yaḥăšōbûn*": "they devise/plan/think/calculate" } }
  • Ps 59:3-4 : 3 { "verseID": "Psalms.59.3", "source": "הַ֭צִּילֵנִי מִפֹּ֣עֲלֵי אָ֑וֶן וּֽמֵאַנְשֵׁ֥י דָ֝מִ֗ים הוֹשִׁיעֵֽנִי׃", "text": "*Haṣṣîlēnî* from *pōʿălê* *ʾāwen* and from *ʾanšê* *dāmîm* *hôšîʿēnî*.", "grammar": { "*Haṣṣîlēnî*": "Hiphil imperative with 1st person singular suffix - deliver me", "*pōʿălê*": "masculine plural construct noun with preposition min- - from workers of", "*ʾāwen*": "masculine noun - iniquity/wickedness", "*ʾanšê*": "masculine plural construct noun with preposition min- and conjunction wə- - and from men of", "*dāmîm*": "masculine plural noun - bloods/bloodshed", "*hôšîʿēnî*": "Hiphil imperative with 1st person singular suffix - save me" }, "variants": { "*ʾāwen*": "iniquity/wickedness/trouble/sorrow", "*dāmîm*": "bloodshed/bloodguilt/blood (plural form often indicates violent bloodshed)", "*hôšîʿēnî*": "save me/deliver me/help me" } } 4 { "verseID": "Psalms.59.4", "source": "כִּ֤י הִנֵּ֪ה אָֽרְב֡וּ לְנַפְשִׁ֗י יָג֣וּרוּ עָלַ֣י עַזִ֑ים לֹא־פִשְׁעִ֖י וְלֹא־חַטָּאתִ֣י יְהוָֽה׃", "text": "For *hinnēh* they *ʾārĕbû* for *napšî* they *yāgûrû* against me *ʿazzîm* not *pišʿî* and not *ḥaṭṭātî* *YHWH*.", "grammar": { "*hinnēh*": "demonstrative particle - behold/look", "*ʾārĕbû*": "Qal perfect, 3rd plural - they lie in wait/ambush", "*napšî*": "feminine noun with 1st person singular suffix and preposition lə- - for my soul/life", "*yāgûrû*": "Qal imperfect, 3rd plural - they gather/assemble", "*ʿazzîm*": "masculine plural adjective - strong/fierce ones", "*pišʿî*": "masculine noun with 1st person singular suffix with negative particle lō- - not my transgression", "*ḥaṭṭātî*": "feminine noun with 1st person singular suffix with negative particle lō- and conjunction wə- - and not my sin", "*YHWH*": "divine name - Yahweh/LORD" }, "variants": { "*ʾārĕbû*": "lie in wait/ambush/lurk", "*napšî*": "my soul/my life/myself", "*yāgûrû*": "gather/assemble/band together", "*ʿazzîm*": "strong ones/fierce ones/powerful ones", "*pišʿî*": "my transgression/my rebellion/my offense" } }
  • Ps 88:17 : 17 { "verseID": "Psalms.88.17", "source": "עָ֭לַי עָבְר֣וּ חֲרוֹנֶ֑יךָ בִּ֝עוּתֶ֗יךָ צִמְּתוּתֻֽנִי׃", "text": "Over-me *ʿāvərû* *ḥărônêkā* *biʿûtêkā* *ṣimmətûtunî*", "grammar": { "*ʿāvərû*": "verb, Qal perfect, 3rd person plural - they pass over", "*ḥărônêkā*": "noun, masculine, plural with 2nd person masculine singular suffix - your burning angers", "*biʿûtêkā*": "noun, masculine, plural with 2nd person masculine singular suffix - your terrors", "*ṣimmətûtunî*": "verb, Piel perfect, 3rd person plural with 1st person singular suffix - they have destroyed me" }, "variants": { "*ʿāvərû*": "they pass over/sweep over/overwhelm", "*ḥărônêkā*": "your burning angers/fierce wrath/indignations", "*biʿûtêkā*": "your terrors/alarms/horrors", "*ṣimmətûtunî*": "they have destroyed me/cut me off/overwhelmed me/silenced me" } }
  • John 15:24-25 : 24 { "verseID": "John.15.24", "source": "Εἰ τὰ ἔργα μὴ ἐποίησα ἐν αὐτοῖς ἃ οὐδεὶς ἄλλος πεποίηκεν, ἁμαρτίαν οὐκ εἴχον: νῦν δὲ καὶ ἑωράκασιν καὶ μεμισήκασιν καὶ ἐμὲ καὶ τὸν Πατέρα μου.", "text": "*Ei ta erga mē epoiēsa en autois ha oudeis allos pepoiēken*, *hamartian ouk eichon*: *nun de kai heōrakasin kai memisēkasin kai eme kai ton Patera mou*.", "grammar": { "*Ei*": "conditional particle - if", "*ta erga*": "accusative, neuter, plural - the works", "*mē*": "negative particle - not", "*epoiēsa*": "aorist indicative, active, first person singular - I had done", "*en autois*": "preposition + dative - among them", "*ha*": "relative pronoun, accusative, neuter, plural - which", "*oudeis allos*": "nominative, masculine, singular - no one else", "*pepoiēken*": "perfect indicative, active, third person singular - has done", "*hamartian*": "accusative, feminine, singular - sin", "*ouk eichon*": "negative + imperfect indicative, active, third person plural - they would not have had", "*nun*": "adverb - now", "*de*": "conjunction - but", "*kai... kai*": "coordinating conjunctions - both... and", "*heōrakasin*": "perfect indicative, active, third person plural - they have seen", "*memisēkasin*": "perfect indicative, active, third person plural - they have hated", "*eme*": "accusative, singular, first person pronoun - me", "*Patera*": "accusative, masculine, singular - Father", "*mou*": "genitive, singular, first person pronoun - my/of me" }, "variants": { "*erga*": "works/deeds/acts", "*epoiēsa*": "had done/had performed/had accomplished", "*pepoiēken*": "has done/has performed/has accomplished", "*eichon*": "would have had/would have possessed", "*heōrakasin*": "have seen/have observed/have witnessed", "*memisēkasin*": "have hated/have detested/have rejected" } } 25 { "verseID": "John.15.25", "source": "Ἀλλʼ, ἵνα πληρωθῇ ὁ λόγος ὁ γεγραμμένος ἐν τῷ νόμῳ αὐτῶν, ὅτι Ἐμίσησάν με δωρεάν.", "text": "*All', hina plērōthē ho logos ho gegrammenos en tō nomō autōn*, *hoti Emisēsan me dōrean*.", "grammar": { "*All'*": "conjunction - but", "*hina*": "conjunction - so that", "*plērōthē*": "aorist subjunctive, passive, third person singular - might be fulfilled", "*ho logos*": "nominative, masculine, singular - the word", "*ho gegrammenos*": "perfect participle, passive, nominative, masculine, singular - which has been written", "*en tō nomō*": "preposition + dative - in the law", "*autōn*": "genitive, masculine, plural, pronoun - their/of them", "*hoti*": "conjunction - that", "*Emisēsan*": "aorist indicative, active, third person plural - they hated", "*me*": "accusative, singular, first person pronoun - me", "*dōrean*": "adverb - without cause/freely" }, "variants": { "*plērōthē*": "might be fulfilled/might be accomplished/might come to pass", "*logos*": "word/saying/statement", "*gegrammenos*": "having been written/recorded/inscribed", "*nomō*": "law/code/regulation", "*Emisēsan*": "they hated/they detested/they rejected", "*dōrean*": "without cause/without reason/freely/gratuitously" } }
  • 1 Sam 19:4-5 : 4 { "verseID": "1 Samuel.19.4", "source": "וַיְדַבֵּ֨ר יְהוֹנָתָ֤ן בְּדָוִד֙ ט֔וֹב אֶל־שָׁא֖וּל אָבִ֑יו וַיֹּ֣אמֶר אֵ֠לָיו אַל־יֶחֱטָ֨א הַמֶּ֜לֶךְ בְּעַבְדּ֣וֹ בְדָוִ֗ד כִּ֣י ל֤וֹא חָטָא֙ לָ֔ךְ וְכִ֥י מַעֲשָׂ֖יו טוֹב־לְךָ֥ מְאֹֽד׃", "text": "And *wayḏabbēr* *Yehônāṯān* concerning *Dāwid* *ṭôḇ* to *Šāʾûl* his *ʾāḇîw*; and *wayyōʾmer* to him, \"*ʾal*-*yeḥĕṭāʾ* the *hammelek* against his *beʿaḇdô* against *ḇeḏāwiḏ*, for *lôʾ* *ḥāṭāʾ* to you, and for his *maʿăśāyw* *ṭôḇ*-to you very much.", "grammar": { "*wayḏabbēr*": "waw-consecutive + Piel imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - 'and he spoke'", "*Yehônāṯān*": "proper noun, masculine singular - 'Jonathan'", "*Dāwid*": "proper noun, masculine singular - 'David'", "*ṭôḇ*": "adjective, masculine singular - 'good'", "*Šāʾûl*": "proper noun, masculine singular - 'Saul'", "*ʾāḇîw*": "noun, masculine singular with 3rd masculine singular suffix - 'his father'", "*wayyōʾmer*": "waw-consecutive + Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - 'and he said'", "*ʾal*": "negative particle - 'not/do not'", "*yeḥĕṭāʾ*": "Qal imperfect jussive, 3rd masculine singular - 'let him sin'", "*hammelek*": "definite article + noun, masculine singular - 'the king'", "*beʿaḇdô*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular with 3rd masculine singular suffix - 'against his servant'", "*ḇeḏāwiḏ*": "preposition + proper noun - 'against David'", "*lôʾ*": "negative particle - 'not'", "*ḥāṭāʾ*": "Qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - 'he sinned'", "*maʿăśāyw*": "noun, masculine plural construct with 3rd masculine singular suffix - 'his deeds'", "*ṭôḇ*": "adjective, masculine singular - 'good'" }, "variants": { "*wayḏabbēr*": "spoke/talked/conversed", "*ṭôḇ*": "good/favorable/well", "*yeḥĕṭāʾ*": "sin against/wrong/harm", "*ḥāṭāʾ*": "sinned/done wrong/offended", "*maʿăśāyw*": "his deeds/actions/works" } } 5 { "verseID": "1 Samuel.19.5", "source": "וַיָּשֶׂם֩ אֶת־נַפְשׁ֨וֹ בְכַפּ֜וֹ וַיַּ֣ךְ אֶת־הַפְּלִשְׁתִּ֗י וַיַּ֨עַשׂ יְהוָ֜ה תְּשׁוּעָ֤ה גְדוֹלָה֙ לְכָל־יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל רָאִ֖יתָ וַתִּשְׂמָ֑ח וְלָ֤מָּה תֶֽחֱטָא֙ בְּדָ֣ם נָקִ֔י לְהָמִ֥ית אֶת־דָּוִ֖ד חִנָּֽם׃", "text": "And *wayyāśem* *ʾeṯ*-his *nap̄šô* in his *ḇeḵappô* and *wayyak* *ʾeṯ*-the *happelištî*, and *wayyaʿaś* *YHWH* *tešûʿāh* *ḡeḏôlāh* for all-*Yiśrāʾēl*; you *rāʾîṯā* and *wattiśmāḥ*; and *welāmmāh* *ṯeḥĕṭāʾ* with *beḏām* *nāqî*, to *lehāmîṯ* *ʾeṯ*-*Dāwid* without cause?", "grammar": { "*wayyāśem*": "waw-consecutive + Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - 'and he put'", "*ʾeṯ*": "direct object marker", "*nap̄šô*": "noun, feminine singular with 3rd masculine singular suffix - 'his life/soul'", "*ḇeḵappô*": "preposition + noun, feminine singular with 3rd masculine singular suffix - 'in his palm/hand'", "*wayyak*": "waw-consecutive + Hiphil imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - 'and he struck'", "*happelištî*": "definite article + proper noun, masculine singular - 'the Philistine'", "*wayyaʿaś*": "waw-consecutive + Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - 'and he made'", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - 'LORD'", "*tešûʿāh*": "noun, feminine singular - 'salvation/victory/deliverance'", "*ḡeḏôlāh*": "adjective, feminine singular - 'great'", "*Yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - 'Israel'", "*rāʾîṯā*": "Qal perfect, 2nd masculine singular - 'you saw'", "*wattiśmāḥ*": "waw-consecutive + Qal imperfect, 2nd masculine singular - 'and you rejoiced'", "*welāmmāh*": "waw-conjunction + interrogative - 'and why'", "*ṯeḥĕṭāʾ*": "Qal imperfect, 2nd masculine singular - 'you will sin'", "*beḏām*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular construct - 'with blood of'", "*nāqî*": "adjective, masculine singular - 'innocent'", "*lehāmîṯ*": "preposition + Hiphil infinitive construct - 'to kill'", "*ḥinnām*": "adverb - 'without cause/freely/for nothing'" }, "variants": { "*wayyāśem*": "put/placed/risked", "*nap̄šô*": "his life/his soul/himself", "*ḇeḵappô*": "in his palm/in his hand/at risk", "*wayyak*": "struck/defeated/killed", "*tešûʿāh*": "salvation/victory/deliverance", "*ṯeḥĕṭāʾ*": "sin/do wrong/be guilty", "*beḏām*": "with blood/by killing", "*nāqî*": "innocent/blameless/free from guilt", "*ḥinnām*": "without cause/without reason/for nothing" } }
  • 1 Sam 26:18 : 18 { "verseID": "1 Samuel.26.18", "source": "וַיֹּ֕אמֶר לָ֥מָּה זֶּ֛ה אֲדֹנִ֥י רֹדֵ֖ף אַחֲרֵ֣י עַבְדּ֑וֹ כִּ֚י מֶ֣ה עָשִׂ֔יתִי וּמַה־בְּיָדִ֖י רָעָֽה׃", "text": "And *wayyōʾmer*: Why *zeh* my *ʾăḏōnî* *rōḏēp̄* after his *ʿaḇdô*? For what *ʿāśîṯî*, and what-in my *yāḏî* *rāʿâ*?", "grammar": { "*wayyōʾmer*": "Qal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular with waw consecutive - and he said", "*zeh*": "Demonstrative pronoun, masculine singular - this", "*ʾăḏōnî*": "Noun, masculine singular with 1st person singular suffix - my lord", "*rōḏēp̄*": "Qal participle, masculine singular - pursuing", "*ʿaḇdô*": "Noun, masculine singular with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his servant", "*ʿāśîṯî*": "Qal perfect 1st person singular - I have done", "*yāḏî*": "Noun, feminine singular with 1st person singular suffix and prefixed preposition - in my hand", "*rāʿâ*": "Noun, feminine singular - evil/harm" }, "variants": { "*wayyōʾmer*": "said/spoke", "*zeh*": "this/thus", "*ʾăḏōnî*": "my lord/my master", "*rōḏēp̄*": "pursuing/chasing/hunting", "*ʿaḇdô*": "his servant/his slave", "*ʿāśîṯî*": "I have done/I have committed", "*yāḏî*": "my hand/my power", "*rāʿâ*": "evil/harm/wickedness" } }
  • 2 Sam 15:12 : 12 { "verseID": "2Samuel.15.12", "source": "וַיִּשְׁלַ֣ח אַ֠בְשָׁלוֹם אֶת־אֲחִיתֹ֨פֶל הַגִּֽילֹנִ֜י יוֹעֵ֣ץ דָּוִ֗ד מֵֽעִירוֹ֙ מִגִּלֹ֔ה בְּזָבְח֖וֹ אֶת־הַזְּבָחִ֑ים וַיְהִ֤י הַקֶּ֙שֶׁר֙ אַמִּ֔ץ וְהָעָ֛ם הוֹלֵ֥ךְ וָרָ֖ב אֶת־אַבְשָׁלֽוֹם׃", "text": "*wa-yišlaḥ* *ʾAbšālôm* for-*ʾĂḥîtōpel* *ha-Gîlōnî* *yôʿēṣ* *Dāwid*, from-*ʿîrô* from-*Gilōh*, during-*zābḥô* *ʾet*-*ha-zəbāḥîm*. *wa-yəhî* *ha-qešer* *ʾammîṣ*, *wə-hā-ʿām* *hôlēk* *wā-rāb* with-*ʾAbšālôm*.", "grammar": { "*wa-yišlaḥ*": "conjunction + Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he sent", "*ʾĂḥîtōpel*": "proper noun - Ahithophel", "*ha-Gîlōnî*": "definite article + gentilic adjective, masculine singular - the Gilonite", "*yôʿēṣ*": "Qal participle, masculine singular construct - counselor of", "*Dāwid*": "proper noun - David", "*ʿîrô*": "noun, feminine singular + 3rd masculine singular suffix - his city", "*Gilōh*": "proper noun - Giloh", "*zābḥô*": "Qal infinitive construct + 3rd masculine singular suffix - his offering", "*ha-zəbāḥîm*": "definite article + noun, masculine plural - the sacrifices", "*wa-yəhî*": "conjunction + Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and became", "*ha-qešer*": "definite article + noun, masculine singular - the conspiracy", "*ʾammîṣ*": "adjective, masculine singular - strong", "*wə-hā-ʿām*": "conjunction + definite article + noun, masculine singular - and the people", "*hôlēk*": "Qal participle, masculine singular - going/increasing", "*wā-rāb*": "conjunction + adjective, masculine singular - and numerous" }, "variants": { "*yôʿēṣ*": "counselor/advisor", "*zābḥô*": "his offering/his sacrificing", "*qešer*": "conspiracy/plot/treason", "*ʾammîṣ*": "strong/powerful/growing", "*hôlēk wā-rāb*": "going and increasing/continually growing" } }
  • 2 Sam 16:7-8 : 7 { "verseID": "2 Samuel.16.7", "source": "וְכֹֽה־אָמַ֥ר שִׁמְעִ֖י בְּקַֽלְל֑וֹ צֵ֥א צֵ֛א אִ֥ישׁ הַדָּמִ֖ים וְאִ֥ישׁ הַבְּלִיָּֽעַל׃", "text": "And *kōh-ʾāmar* *Šimʿî* in *bəqalləlô*, \"*Ṣēʾ ṣēʾ*, *ʾîš hadāmîm* and *ʾîš habəliyyāʿal*.\"", "grammar": { "*kōh-ʾāmar*": "adverb + qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - thus said", "*Šimʿî*": "proper noun - Shimei", "*bəqalləlô*": "preposition + piel infinitive construct + 3rd masculine singular suffix - in his cursing", "*Ṣēʾ ṣēʾ*": "qal imperative, masculine singular (repeated) - go out, go out", "*ʾîš hadāmîm*": "noun construct + definite article + noun, masculine plural - man of the bloods", "*ʾîš habəliyyāʿal*": "noun construct + definite article + noun, masculine singular - man of worthlessness" }, "variants": { "*kōh-ʾāmar*": "thus said/so said/this is what said", "*bəqalləlô*": "in his cursing/when he cursed/as he reviled", "*Ṣēʾ ṣēʾ*": "get out, get out/be gone, be gone", "*ʾîš hadāmîm*": "man of blood/bloodthirsty man/murderer", "*ʾîš habəliyyāʿal*": "worthless man/man of Belial/scoundrel/villain" } } 8 { "verseID": "2 Samuel.16.8", "source": "הֵשִׁיב֩ עָלֶ֨יךָ יְהוָ֜ה כֹּ֣ל ׀ דְּמֵ֣י בֵית־שָׁא֗וּל אֲשֶׁ֤ר מָלַ֙כְתָּ֙ *תחתו **תַּחְתָּ֔יו וַיִּתֵּ֤ן יְהוָה֙ אֶת־הַמְּלוּכָ֔ה בְּיַ֖ד אַבְשָׁל֣וֹם בְּנֶ֑ךָ וְהִנְּךָ֙ בְּרָ֣עָתֶ֔ךָ כִּ֛י אִ֥ישׁ דָּמִ֖ים אָֽתָּה׃", "text": "*Hēšîb* upon you *Yəhwāh* all *dəmê* *bêṯ-Šāʾûl*, whom *mālaktā* *taḥtāw*, and *wayyittēn* *Yəhwāh* *ʾeṯ-hamməlûkāh* into *yad* *ʾAbšālôm* *bənekā*. And *hinəkā* in *bərāʿāṯekā*, because *ʾîš dāmîm* *ʾāttāh*.", "grammar": { "*Hēšîb*": "hiphil perfect, 3rd masculine singular - has returned/brought back", "*Yəhwāh*": "proper noun - LORD", "*dəmê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - bloods of", "*bêṯ-Šāʾûl*": "noun construct + proper noun - house of Saul", "*mālaktā*": "qal perfect, 2nd masculine singular - you reigned", "*taḥtāw*": "preposition + 3rd masculine singular suffix - in his place", "*wayyittēn*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he has given", "*ʾeṯ-hamməlûkāh*": "direct object marker + definite article + noun, feminine singular - the kingdom", "*yad*": "noun, feminine singular construct - hand of", "*ʾAbšālôm*": "proper noun - Absalom", "*bənekā*": "noun, masculine singular construct + 2nd masculine singular suffix - your son", "*hinəkā*": "interjection + 2nd masculine singular suffix - behold you", "*bərāʿāṯekā*": "preposition + noun, feminine singular + 2nd masculine singular suffix - in your evil", "*ʾîš dāmîm*": "noun construct + noun, masculine plural - man of bloods", "*ʾāttāh*": "pronoun, 2nd masculine singular - you" }, "variants": { "*Hēšîb*": "has returned/has brought back/has requited", "*dəmê*": "bloods/bloodshed/bloodguilt", "*mālaktā*": "you reigned/you became king/you ruled", "*taḥtāw*": "in his place/instead of him/in his stead", "*yad*": "hand/power/control", "*bərāʿāṯekā*": "in your evil/in your misfortune/in your calamity", "*ʾîš dāmîm*": "man of blood/bloodthirsty man/murderer", "*תחתו/תַּחְתָּ֔יו*": "textual variant - same meaning: 'in his place'" } }
  • Ps 17:11 : 11 { "verseID": "Psalms.17.11", "source": "אַ֭שֻּׁרֵינוּ עַתָּ֣ה *סבבוני **סְבָב֑וּנוּ עֵינֵיהֶ֥ם יָ֝שִׁ֗יתוּ לִנְט֥וֹת בָּאָֽרֶץ׃", "text": "*'Aššurênu* *'attāh* *sǝbābûnû* *'ênêhem* *yāšîtû* *linṭôt* *bā'āreṣ*", "grammar": { "*'Aššurênu*": "noun, feminine plural + 1st person plural suffix - our steps", "*'attāh*": "adverb - now", "*sǝbābûnû*": "verb, qal perfect, 3rd person plural + 1st person plural suffix - they have surrounded us [ketiv/qere variation]", "*'ênêhem*": "noun, feminine dual + 3rd person masculine plural suffix - their eyes", "*yāšîtû*": "verb, qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine plural - they set/fix", "*linṭôt*": "preposition + verb, qal infinitive construct - to stretch out/incline", "*bā'āreṣ*": "preposition + definite article + noun, feminine singular - to/in the ground/earth" }, "variants": { "*sǝbābûnû*": "they have surrounded us (text shows both ketiv סבבוני and qere סְבָב֑וּנוּ forms)", "*yāšîtû*": "they set/fix/direct/place" } }
  • Ps 22:12 : 12 { "verseID": "Psalms.22.12", "source": "אַל־תִּרְחַ֣ק מִ֭מֶּנִּי כִּי־צָרָ֣ה קְרוֹבָ֑ה כִּי־אֵ֥ין עוֹזֵֽר׃", "text": "Not-*tirḥaq* from-me for-*ṣārâ* *qərôbâ* for-*ʾên* *ʿôzēr*", "grammar": { "*tirḥaq*": "verb, qal imperfect, 2nd person masculine singular - 'be far'", "*ṣārâ*": "noun, feminine singular - 'trouble/distress'", "*qərôbâ*": "adjective, feminine singular - 'near'", "*ʾên*": "particle of negation - 'there is not'", "*ʿôzēr*": "verb, qal participle, masculine singular - 'helper'" }, "variants": { "*tirḥaq*": "be far/distant/removed", "*ṣārâ*": "trouble/distress/affliction", "*qərôbâ*": "near/close/approaching", "*ʿôzēr*": "helper/one who helps/assists" } }