2 Chronicles 36:12

Linguistic Bible Translation from Source Texts

He did what was evil in the sight of the LORD his God, and he did not humble himself before Jeremiah the prophet, who spoke from the LORD.

📖 Grammatical Analysis

Original Text

וַיַּ֣עַשׂ הָרַ֔ע בְּעֵינֵ֖י יְהוָ֣ה אֱלֹהָ֑יו לֹ֣א נִכְנַ֗ע מִלִּפְנֵ֛י יִרְמְיָ֥הוּ הַנָּבִ֖יא מִפִּ֥י יְהוָֽה׃

Transliteration

And wayyaʿaś hāraʿ in-eyes-of yhwh his-ʾĕlōhîm not niknaʿ from-before yirmĕyāhû the-nābîʾ from-mouth-of yhwh

Grammar Details

• *wayyaʿaś*: waw consecutive + Qal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular - and he did
• *hāraʿ*: definite article + masculine singular adjective - the evil
• *yhwh*: divine name - YHWH/LORD
• *ʾĕlōhîm*: masculine plural noun + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his God
• *niknaʿ*: Niphal perfect 3rd person masculine singular - he humbled himself
• *yirmĕyāhû*: proper noun - Jeremiah
• *nābîʾ*: masculine singular noun with definite article - the prophet

Word Meanings

• *hāraʿ*: the evil/wickedness/what was displeasing
• *niknaʿ*: humbled himself/submitted/bowed down

Other Translations

• King James Version 1769 (Standard Version)

  And he did that which was evil in the sight of the LORD his God, and humbled not himself before Jeremiah the prophet speaking from the mouth of the LORD.

• KJV1611 – Modern English

  And he did evil in the sight of the LORD his God, and did not humble himself before Jeremiah the prophet, who spoke from the mouth of the LORD.

• King James Version 1611 (Original)

  And he did that which was evil in the sight of the LORD his God, and humbled not himself before Jeremiah the prophet speaking from the mouth of the LORD.

• American Standard Version with Strong's Numbers

  and he did{H6213} that which was evil{H7451} in the sight{H5869} of Jehovah{H3068} his God;{H430} he humbled{H3665} not himself before{H6440} Jeremiah{H3414} the prophet{H5030} [speaking] from the mouth{H6310} of Jehovah.{H3068}

• King James Version with Strong's Numbers

  And he did{H6213}{(H8799)} that which was evil{H7451} in the sight{H5869} of the LORD{H3068} his God{H430}, and humbled{H3665}{(H8738)} not himself before{H6440} Jeremiah{H3414} the prophet{H5030} speaking from the mouth{H6310} of the LORD{H3068}.

• Coverdale Bible (1535)

  and dyd that which was euell in the sighte of the LORDE his God, and submytted not himselfe before the face of the prophet Ieremy, which spake out of the mouth of the LORDE.

• Geneva Bible (1560)

  And he did euill in the sight of the Lord his God, and humbled not himselfe before Ieremiah the Prophet at the commandement of the Lorde,

• Bishops' Bible (1568)

  And he dyd euyl in the sight of the Lord his God, and humbled not him selfe before Ieremia the prophete, at the mouth of the Lorde.

• Authorized King James Version (1611)

  And he did [that which was] evil in the sight of the LORD his God, [and] humbled not himself before Jeremiah the prophet [speaking] from the mouth of the LORD.

• Webster's Bible (1833)

  and he did that which was evil in the sight of Yahweh his God; he didn't humble himself before Jeremiah the prophet [speaking] from the mouth of Yahweh.

• Young's Literal Translation (1862/1898)

  and he doth the evil thing in the eyes of Jehovah his God, he hath not been humbled before Jeremiah the prophet `speaking' from the mouth of Jehovah;

• American Standard Version (1901)

  and he did that which was evil in the sight of Jehovah his God; he humbled not himself before Jeremiah the prophet `speaking' from the mouth of Jehovah.

• American Standard Version (1901)

  and he did that which was evil in the sight of Jehovah his God; he humbled not himself before Jeremiah the prophet [speaking] from the mouth of Jehovah.

• Bible in Basic English (1941)

  He did evil in the eyes of the Lord, and did not make himself low before Jeremiah the prophet who gave him the word of the Lord.

• World English Bible (2000)

  and he did that which was evil in the sight of Yahweh his God; he didn't humble himself before Jeremiah the prophet [speaking] from the mouth of Yahweh.

• NET Bible® (New English Translation)

  He did evil in the sight of the LORD his God. He did not humble himself before Jeremiah the prophet, the LORD’s spokesman.

Referenced Verses

• 2 Chr 33:23 : 23 But he did not humble himself before the LORD as his father Manasseh had humbled himself; instead, Amon increased his guilt.
• Jer 37:2-9 : 2 Neither he, nor his servants, nor the people of the land listened to the words of the LORD, which He spoke through the prophet Jeremiah. 3 King Zedekiah sent Jehucal son of Shelemiah and the priest Zephaniah son of Maaseiah to the prophet Jeremiah with this message: "Please pray to the LORD our God for us." 4 Now Jeremiah was free to come and go among the people, for he had not yet been put into prison. 5 Pharaoh's army had marched out of Egypt, and when the Chaldeans who were besieging Jerusalem heard the report about them, they withdrew from the city. 6 Then the word of the LORD came to the prophet Jeremiah: 7 This is what the LORD, the God of Israel, says: You are to tell this to the king of Judah who sent you to inquire of me: 'Pharaoh's army, which has marched out to help you, will return to its own land, to Egypt.' 8 'Then the Chaldeans will return and fight against this city; they will capture it and burn it with fire.' 9 This is what the LORD says: Do not deceive yourselves, thinking, 'The Chaldeans will surely leave us,' for they will not leave. 10 Even if you were to strike down the entire Chaldean army fighting against you, and only wounded men were left in their tents, they would rise up and burn this city with fire. 11 When the Chaldean army withdrew from Jerusalem because of Pharaoh's army, 12 Jeremiah started to leave Jerusalem to go to the land of Benjamin to claim his share of property among the people. 13 But when he reached the Benjamin Gate, a captain of the guard named Irijah, the son of Shelemiah, the son of Hananiah, was there. He arrested Jeremiah the prophet, saying, "You are deserting to the Chaldeans!" 14 Jeremiah replied, "That is a lie! I am not deserting to the Chaldeans." But Irijah would not listen to him. Instead, he seized Jeremiah and brought him to the officials. 15 The officials were furious with Jeremiah, and they beat him and put him in prison, in the house of Jonathan the scribe, which had been made into a prison. 16 When Jeremiah was put into the dungeon and the cells, he remained there for many days. 17 Then King Zedekiah sent for him and secretly questioned him in his palace, saying, "Is there any word from the LORD?" Jeremiah replied, "There is. You will be handed over to the king of Babylon." 18 Then Jeremiah asked King Zedekiah, "What crime have I committed against you, your officials, or this people, to justify putting me in prison? 19 Where are your prophets who prophesied to you, saying, 'The king of Babylon will not come against you or this land'? 20 Now please hear me, my lord the king. Let my plea come before you: Do not send me back to the house of Jonathan the scribe, or I will die there. 21 So King Zedekiah commanded that Jeremiah be placed in the courtyard of the guard and given a loaf of bread daily from the bakers' street until all the bread in the city was gone. So Jeremiah remained in the courtyard of the guard.
• Jer 38:14-28 : 14 Then King Zedekiah sent for Jeremiah the prophet and had him brought to the third entrance to the temple of the LORD. "I am going to ask you something," the king said to Jeremiah. "Do not hide anything from me." 15 Jeremiah said to Zedekiah, "If I give you an answer, will you not put me to death? And even if I did give you advice, you would not listen to me." 16 But King Zedekiah swore an oath secretly to Jeremiah, "As surely as the LORD lives, who has given us breath, I will neither put you to death nor hand you over to those who want to kill you." 17 Then Jeremiah said to Zedekiah, "This is what the LORD God Almighty, the God of Israel, says: ‘If you surrender to the officers of the king of Babylon, your life will be spared and this city will not be burned down; you and your family will live. 18 But if you will not surrender to the officers of the king of Babylon, this city will be given into the hands of the Babylonians, and they will burn it down; you yourself will not escape from their hands.’" 19 King Zedekiah said to Jeremiah, "I am afraid of the Jews who have gone over to the Babylonians, for the Babylonians may hand me over to them, and they will mistreat me." 20 Jeremiah said, "They will not hand you over. Please listen to the voice of the LORD in what I am telling you, so that it may go well for you and your life will be spared. 21 But if you refuse to surrender, this is the word the LORD has shown me: 22 "All the women who are left in the palace of the king of Judah will be brought out to the officials of the king of Babylon. They will say to you: ‘Your trusted friends have misled you and have overcome you. Your feet are sunk in the mud, and they have turned away and left you.’ 23 They will also bring out all your wives and your children to the Babylonians. You yourself will not escape from their hands but will be captured by the king of Babylon, and this city will be burned down." 24 Then Zedekiah said to Jeremiah, "Do not let anyone know about these matters, or you may die. 25 If the officials hear that I talked with you and come to you, saying, ‘Tell us what you said to the king and what the king said to you; do not hide it from us, or we will put you to death,’ 26 then tell them, ‘I was pleading with the king not to send me back to Jonathan’s house to die there.’" 27 All the officials did come to Jeremiah and questioned him, and he told them everything the king had ordered him to say. So they said no more to him, for no one had heard the conversation. 28 And Jeremiah remained in the courtyard of the guard until the day Jerusalem was captured. And it happened when Jerusalem was taken.
• Dan 5:22-23 : 22 But you, his son Belshazzar, have not humbled your heart, even though you knew all this. 23 Instead, you have exalted yourself against the Lord of heaven. You had the vessels from His house brought to you, and you and your nobles, your wives, and your concubines drank wine from them. You praised gods of silver, gold, bronze, iron, wood, and stone, which cannot see, hear, or understand. But the God who holds your breath in His hand and controls all your ways, you have not glorified.
• Jas 4:10 : 10 Humble yourselves before the Lord, and he will lift you up.
• 1 Pet 5:6 : 6 Humble yourselves under the mighty hand of God, so that He may exalt you at the proper time.
• 2 Chr 35:22 : 22 But Josiah refused to turn away from him. Instead, he disguised himself to engage him in battle. He did not heed the words of Neco, which were spoken at God's command. So he went to fight him in the valley of Megiddo.
• Jer 21:1-9 : 1 The word that came to Jeremiah from the LORD when King Zedekiah sent Pashhur son of Malkijah and Zephaniah son of Maaseiah the priest to him, saying, 2 Inquire, please, of the LORD on our behalf, since Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon is fighting against us. Perhaps the LORD will deal with us according to all His wonderful works, so that he may withdraw from us. 3 But Jeremiah said to them, "This is what you shall say to Zedekiah: 4 "Thus says the LORD, the God of Israel: Behold, I am turning back the weapons of war in your hands, with which you are fighting against the king of Babylon and the Chaldeans who are besieging you outside the walls. I will gather them into the midst of this city. 5 And I myself will fight against you with an outstretched hand, a strong arm, in anger, in fury, and with great wrath. 6 I will strike the inhabitants of this city—both man and beast—with a great plague, and they will die. 7 Afterward, declares the LORD, I will hand over Zedekiah king of Judah, his officials, the people, and those remaining in this city from the plague, the sword, and the famine, into the hand of Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon, into the hand of their enemies, and into the hand of those seeking their lives. He will strike them down with the edge of the sword without pity, without sparing, and without mercy. 8 Now you shall also say to this people: "Thus says the LORD: Behold, I set before you the way of life and the way of death. 9 Whoever remains in this city will die by the sword, famine, and plague. But whoever goes out and surrenders to the Chaldeans who are besieging you will live; they shall save their life as a prize. 10 For I have set my face against this city for disaster and not for good, declares the LORD. It will be given into the hand of the king of Babylon, who will burn it with fire.
• Jer 27:12-28:17 : 12 I spoke to Zedekiah king of Judah with the same message, saying, "Bring your necks under the yoke of the king of Babylon; serve him and his people, and you will live. 13 Why should you and your people die by the sword, famine, and plague, as the LORD has spoken regarding any nation that does not serve the king of Babylon? 14 Do not listen to the words of the prophets who say to you, ‘You will not serve the king of Babylon,’ for they are prophesying lies to you. 15 For I have not sent them, declares the LORD, yet they prophesy lies in my name, so that I might drive you out, and you will perish—you and the prophets who are prophesying to you. 16 Then I said to the priests and all this people: This is what the LORD says: Do not listen to the words of your prophets who are prophesying to you, saying, ‘The articles of the LORD’s house will soon be returned from Babylon.’ They are prophesying lies to you. 17 Do not listen to them. Instead, serve the king of Babylon and live. Why should this city become a ruin? 18 If they are indeed prophets and if the word of the LORD is with them, let them pray earnestly to the LORD of Hosts that the articles remaining in the house of the LORD, in the palace of the king of Judah, and in Jerusalem will not be taken to Babylon. 19 For this is what the LORD of Hosts says concerning the pillars, the bronze sea, the stands, and the rest of the articles that remain in this city, 20 which Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon did not take when he carried Jeconiah son of Jehoiakim, king of Judah, into exile from Jerusalem to Babylon, along with all the nobles of Judah and Jerusalem. 21 Yes, this is what the LORD of Hosts, the God of Israel, says about the articles that remain in the house of the LORD, in the palace of the king of Judah, and in Jerusalem: 22 ‘They will be taken to Babylon and will remain there until the day I attend to them, declares the LORD. Then I will bring them back and restore them to this place.’ 1 In the same year, at the beginning of the reign of Zedekiah, king of Judah, in the fourth year, in the fifth month, Hananiah son of Azzur, the prophet from Gibeon, spoke to me in the house of the LORD, in the sight of the priests and all the people, saying: 2 This is what the LORD of Hosts, the God of Israel, says: 'I have broken the yoke of the king of Babylon.' 3 Within two years, I will bring back to this place all the articles of the LORD's house that Nebuchadnezzar, king of Babylon, took from here and carried to Babylon. 4 I will also bring back to this place Jeconiah son of Jehoiakim, king of Judah, along with all the exiles of Judah who went to Babylon,' declares the LORD, 'for I will break the yoke of the king of Babylon.' 5 Then the prophet Jeremiah responded to the prophet Hananiah in the presence of the priests and all the people standing in the house of the LORD. 6 The prophet Jeremiah said, 'Amen! May the LORD do so! May the LORD fulfill the words you have prophesied by bringing back the articles of the LORD's house and all the exiles from Babylon to this place.' 7 Nevertheless, listen now to this word I am speaking in your hearing and in the hearing of all the people: 8 The prophets who came before me and you from ancient times prophesied against many nations and great kingdoms of war, disaster, and plague. 9 But the prophet who prophesies peace will be recognized as one truly sent by the LORD only if his word comes to pass. 10 Then the prophet Hananiah took the yoke off the neck of the prophet Jeremiah and broke it. 11 And Hananiah declared in the presence of all the people, saying, 'This is what the LORD says: Within two years, I will break the yoke of Nebuchadnezzar, king of Babylon, from the necks of all the nations.' At this, the prophet Jeremiah went on his way. 12 After the prophet Hananiah had broken the yoke off the neck of the prophet Jeremiah, the word of the LORD came to Jeremiah, saying: 13 Go and tell Hananiah, saying, 'This is what the LORD says: You have broken wooden yokes, but in their place you have made iron yokes.' 14 For this is what the LORD of Hosts, the God of Israel, says: 'I have placed an iron yoke on the neck of all these nations, to make them serve Nebuchadnezzar, king of Babylon, and they will serve him. I have even given him control over the beasts of the field.' 15 Then the prophet Jeremiah said to the prophet Hananiah, 'Listen now, Hananiah, the LORD has not sent you, but you have led this people to trust in falsehood.' 16 Therefore, this is what the LORD says: 'I am about to remove you from the face of the earth. You will die this year because you have preached rebellion against the LORD.' 17 And the prophet Hananiah died that same year, in the seventh month.
• Jer 34:2-9 : 2 This is what the Lord, the God of Israel, says: Go and tell Zedekiah, king of Judah, 'This is what the Lord says: I am delivering this city into the hand of the king of Babylon, and he will burn it with fire.' 3 And you will not escape from his hand, for you will surely be captured and handed over to him. Your eyes will see the eyes of the king of Babylon, and he will speak directly to you. You will go to Babylon. 4 Yet hear the word of the Lord, O Zedekiah, king of Judah! This is what the Lord says concerning you: You will not die by the sword. 5 You will die in peace, and as burnings were made for your ancestors, the former kings who were before you, so they will burn incense for you and lament for you, saying, 'Alas, lord!' For I have spoken the word, declares the Lord. 6 Then Jeremiah the prophet spoke all these words to Zedekiah, king of Judah, in Jerusalem. 7 At that time, the army of the king of Babylon was fighting against Jerusalem and against all the remaining fortified cities of Judah—Lachish and Azekah. These were the only fortified cities left in Judah. 8 The word that came to Jeremiah from the Lord after King Zedekiah had made a covenant with all the people in Jerusalem to proclaim liberty to them: 9 Each was to free his Hebrew servants, both male and female, so that no one would enslave a fellow Hebrew, a fellow Jew. 10 And all the officials and all the people who entered into the covenant agreed to set free their male and female slaves, so that they would no longer enslave them. They obeyed and set them free. 11 But afterward they turned back and took back the men and women they had freed, and forced them to become slaves again. 12 Then the word of the Lord came to Jeremiah from the Lord, saying: 13 This is what the Lord, the God of Israel, says: I made a covenant with your ancestors when I brought them out of the land of Egypt, out of the house of slavery, saying: 14 At the end of seven years, each of you must set free your Hebrew brothers who have been sold to you and have served you for six years. You must release them to go free. But your ancestors did not obey me or pay attention to me. 15 Recently, you repented and did what is right in my sight by proclaiming freedom, each man for his neighbor. You made a covenant before me in the house where my name is called upon. 16 But then you turned back and profaned my name. You took back the servants and maidservants whom you had set free, allowing them to go wherever they desired, and you brought them back into subjection to become your slaves again. 17 Therefore, this is what the Lord says: You have not obeyed me by proclaiming freedom, each one to his brother and to his neighbor. So now, I proclaim freedom for you, declares the Lord—freedom to the sword, to plague, and to famine. I will make you a horror to all the kingdoms of the earth. 18 The men who violated my covenant and did not keep the terms of the covenant they made before me, I will treat like the calf they cut in two and walked between its pieces. 19 The officials of Judah, the officials of Jerusalem, the court officials, the priests, and all the people of the land who walked between the pieces of the calf— 20 I will hand them over to their enemies and to those who seek their lives. Their dead bodies will become food for the birds of the sky and the beasts of the earth. 21 And I will hand over Zedekiah king of Judah and his officials into the hand of their enemies, into the hand of those who seek their lives, and into the hand of the army of the king of Babylon that has withdrawn from you. 22 Behold, I am giving a command, declares the Lord, and I will bring them back to this city. They will fight against it, capture it, and burn it with fire. And I will make the cities of Judah a desolation without any inhabitants.
• Exod 10:3 : 3 So Moses and Aaron went to Pharaoh and said to him, "This is what the LORD, the God of the Hebrews, says: 'How long will you refuse to humble yourself before me? Let my people go, so that they may worship me.'
• 2 Chr 32:26 : 26 However, Hezekiah humbled himself, along with the inhabitants of Jerusalem, so the LORD's wrath did not come upon them during Hezekiah's days.
• 2 Chr 33:12 : 12 When he was in distress, he sought the favor of the LORD his God and humbled himself greatly before the God of his ancestors.
• 2 Chr 33:19 : 19 His prayer and how God was moved by his plea, all his sins and unfaithfulness, the sites where he built high places and set up Asherah poles and carved images before he humbled himself—all these are written in the records of the seers.