3{
"verseID": "Isaiah.24.3",
"source": "הִבּ֧וֹק ׀ תִּבּ֛וֹק הָאָ֖רֶץ וְהִבּ֣וֹז ׀ תִּבּ֑וֹז כִּ֣י יְהוָ֔ה דִּבֶּ֖ר אֶת־הַדָּבָ֥ר הַזֶּֽה׃",
"text": "*Hibbōq* *tibbōq* the-*ʾāreṣ* and-*hibbōz* *tibbōz* *kî* *YHWH* *dibbēr* *ʾet*-the-*dābār* the-*zeh*",
"grammar": {
"*Hibbōq*": "Niphal infinitive absolute - utterly emptied",
"*tibbōq*": "Niphal imperfect, 3rd person feminine singular - it will be emptied",
"*ʾāreṣ*": "common noun, feminine singular with definite article - the earth/land",
"*hibbōz*": "Niphal infinitive absolute - utterly plundered",
"*tibbōz*": "Niphal imperfect, 3rd person feminine singular - it will be plundered",
"*kî*": "conjunction - for/because",
"*YHWH*": "proper noun - divine name",
"*dibbēr*": "Piel perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - has spoken",
"*ʾet*": "direct object marker",
"*dābār*": "common noun, masculine singular with definite article - the word/thing/matter",
"*zeh*": "demonstrative pronoun, masculine singular with definite article - this"
},
"variants": {
"*Hibbōq tibbōq*": "will be utterly emptied/completely laid waste/certainly devastated",
"*hibbōz tibbōz*": "will be utterly plundered/completely despoiled/certainly looted",
"*kî*": "for/because/indeed",
"*dibbēr*": "has spoken/has said/has declared",
"*dābār*": "word/thing/matter/speech"
}
}
4{
"verseID": "Isaiah.24.4",
"source": "אָבְלָ֤ה נָֽבְלָה֙ הָאָ֔רֶץ אֻמְלְלָ֥ה נָבְלָ֖ה תֵּבֵ֑ל אֻמְלָ֖לוּ מְר֥וֹם עַם־הָאָֽרֶץ׃",
"text": "*ʾābəlāh* *nābəlāh* the-*ʾāreṣ* *ʾuməlelāh* *nābəlāh* *tēbēl* *ʾumləlû* *mərôm* *ʿam*-the-*ʾāreṣ*",
"grammar": {
"*ʾābəlāh*": "Qal perfect, 3rd person feminine singular - mourns",
"*nābəlāh*": "Qal perfect, 3rd person feminine singular - withers/fades",
"*ʾāreṣ*": "common noun, feminine singular with definite article - the earth/land",
"*ʾuməlelāh*": "Pulal perfect, 3rd person feminine singular - languishes/weakens",
"*nābəlāh*": "Qal perfect, 3rd person feminine singular - withers/fades",
"*tēbēl*": "common noun, feminine singular - world/habitable earth",
"*ʾumləlû*": "Pulal perfect, 3rd person common plural - languish/are weakened",
"*mərôm*": "common noun, masculine singular construct - height/exalted ones",
"*ʿam*": "common noun, masculine singular construct - people of",
"*ʾāreṣ*": "common noun, feminine singular with definite article - the earth/land"
},
"variants": {
"*ʾābəlāh*": "mourns/laments/grieves",
"*nābəlāh*": "withers/fades/decays",
"*ʾuməlelāh*": "languishes/weakens/droops",
"*tēbēl*": "world/habitable earth/inhabited land",
"*ʾumləlû*": "languish/are weakened/droop",
"*mərôm*": "height/exalted ones/lofty people",
"*ʿam-hāʾāreṣ*": "people of the land/common people/prominent people"
}
}
5{
"verseID": "Isaiah.24.5",
"source": "וְהָאָ֥רֶץ חָנְפָ֖ה תַּ֣חַת יֹשְׁבֶ֑יהָ כִּֽי־עָבְר֤וּ תוֹרֹת֙ חָ֣לְפוּ חֹ֔ק הֵפֵ֖רוּ בְּרִ֥ית עוֹלָֽם׃",
"text": "And-the-*ʾāreṣ* *ḥānəpāh* *taḥat* *yōšəbehā* *kî*-*ʿābərû* *tôrōt* *ḥāləpû* *ḥōq* *hēpērû* *bərît* *ʿôlām*",
"grammar": {
"*ʾāreṣ*": "common noun, feminine singular with definite article - the earth/land",
"*ḥānəpāh*": "Qal perfect, 3rd person feminine singular - is polluted/defiled",
"*taḥat*": "preposition - under/beneath",
"*yōšəbehā*": "Qal participle, masculine plural construct with 3rd person feminine singular suffix - its inhabitants",
"*kî*": "conjunction - for/because",
"*ʿābərû*": "Qal perfect, 3rd person common plural - they have transgressed",
"*tôrōt*": "common noun, feminine plural - laws/teachings/instructions",
"*ḥāləpû*": "Qal perfect, 3rd person common plural - they have violated/changed",
"*ḥōq*": "common noun, masculine singular - statute/decree/ordinance",
"*hēpērû*": "Hiphil perfect, 3rd person common plural - they have broken",
"*bərît*": "common noun, feminine singular construct - covenant of",
"*ʿôlām*": "common noun, masculine singular - everlasting/perpetuity"
},
"variants": {
"*ḥānəpāh*": "is polluted/is defiled/is profaned",
"*taḥat*": "under/beneath/because of",
"*ʿābərû*": "have transgressed/have violated/have passed over",
"*tôrōt*": "laws/teachings/instructions",
"*ḥāləpû*": "have violated/have changed/have altered",
"*ḥōq*": "statute/decree/ordinance/boundary",
"*hēpērû*": "have broken/have annulled/have made void",
"*bərît ʿôlām*": "everlasting covenant/eternal agreement/perpetual treaty"
}
}
6{
"verseID": "Isaiah.24.6",
"source": "עַל־כֵּ֗ן אָלָה֙ אָ֣כְלָה אֶ֔רֶץ וַֽיֶּאְשְׁמ֖וּ יֹ֣שְׁבֵי בָ֑הּ עַל־כֵּ֗ן חָרוּ֙ יֹ֣שְׁבֵי אֶ֔רֶץ וְנִשְׁאַ֥ר אֱנ֖וֹשׁ מִזְעָֽר׃",
"text": "*ʿal-kēn* *ʾālāh* *ʾākəlāh* *ʾereṣ* and-*yeʾəšəmû* *yōšəbê* in-her *ʿal-kēn* *ḥārû* *yōšəbê* *ʾereṣ* and-*nišʾar* *ʾěnôš* *mizʿār*",
"grammar": {
"*ʿal-kēn*": "prepositional phrase - therefore/because of this",
"*ʾālāh*": "common noun, feminine singular - curse/oath",
"*ʾākəlāh*": "Qal perfect, 3rd person feminine singular - has devoured",
"*ʾereṣ*": "common noun, feminine singular - earth/land",
"*yeʾəšəmû*": "Qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine plural with waw consecutive - they are guilty/desolate",
"*yōšəbê*": "Qal participle, masculine plural construct - inhabitants of",
"בָ֑הּ": "preposition with 3rd person feminine singular suffix - in her/in it",
"*ʿal-kēn*": "prepositional phrase - therefore/because of this",
"*ḥārû*": "Qal perfect, 3rd person common plural - are burned/scorched",
"*yōšəbê*": "Qal participle, masculine plural construct - inhabitants of",
"*ʾereṣ*": "common noun, feminine singular - earth/land",
"*nišʾar*": "Niphal perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - is left/remains",
"*ʾěnôš*": "common noun, masculine singular - mankind/people/men",
"*mizʿār*": "common noun, masculine singular with preposition מ - few/small number"
},
"variants": {
"*ʾālāh*": "curse/oath/imprecation",
"*ʾākəlāh*": "has devoured/has consumed/has eaten up",
"*yeʾəšəmû*": "are guilty/are desolate/bear their punishment",
"*ḥārû*": "are burned/are scorched/are parched",
"*nišʾar*": "is left/remains/is spared",
"*ʾěnôš*": "mankind/humanity/mortal men",
"*mizʿār*": "few/small number/tiny remnant"
}
}
7{
"verseID": "Isaiah.24.7",
"source": "אָבַ֥ל תִּיר֖וֹשׁ אֻמְלְלָה־גָ֑פֶן נֶאֶנְח֖וּ כָּל־שִׂמְחֵי־לֵֽב׃",
"text": "*ʾābal* *tîrôš* *ʾuməlelāh*-*gāpen* *neʾenḥû* all-*śimḥê*-*lēb*",
"grammar": {
"*ʾābal*": "Qal perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - mourns",
"*tîrôš*": "common noun, masculine singular - new wine",
"*ʾuməlelāh*": "Pulal perfect, 3rd person feminine singular - languishes/withers",
"*gāpen*": "common noun, feminine singular - vine",
"*neʾenḥû*": "Niphal perfect, 3rd person common plural - sigh/groan",
"*śimḥê*": "adjective, masculine plural construct - joyful of/merry of",
"*lēb*": "common noun, masculine singular - heart"
},
"variants": {
"*ʾābal*": "mourns/laments/dries up",
"*tîrôš*": "new wine/fresh grape juice",
"*ʾuməlelāh*": "languishes/withers/droops",
"*gāpen*": "vine/grapevine",
"*neʾenḥû*": "sigh/groan/moan",
"*śimḥê-lēb*": "merry-hearted/joyful ones/those of joyful heart"
}
}