Isa 13:4-9 : 4 {
"verseID": "Isaiah.13.4",
"source": "ק֥וֹל הָמ֛וֹן בֶּֽהָרִ֖ים דְּמ֣וּת עַם־רָ֑ב ק֠וֹל שְׁא֞וֹן מַמְלְכ֤וֹת גּוֹיִם֙ נֶֽאֱסָפִ֔ים יְהוָ֣ה צְבָא֔וֹת מְפַקֵּ֖ד צְבָ֥א מִלְחָמָֽה׃",
"text": "*Qôl* *hāmôn* in-the-*hārîm* *dəmûṯ* *ʿam*-*rāḇ* *qôl* *šəʾôn* *mamləḵôṯ* *gôyim* *neʾĕsāp̄îm* *YHWH* *ṣəḇāʾôṯ* *məp̄aqqēḏ* *ṣəḇā* *milḥāmāh*",
"grammar": {
"*qôl*": "noun, masculine, singular, construct - sound of/voice of",
"*hāmôn*": "noun, masculine, singular - multitude/tumult/crowd",
"*behārîm*": "preposition + noun, masculine plural, + definite article - in the mountains",
"*dəmûṯ*": "noun, feminine, singular, construct - likeness of/resemblance of",
"*ʿam-rāḇ*": "noun, masculine, singular + adjective - many/great people",
"*qôl*": "noun, masculine, singular, construct - sound of/voice of",
"*šəʾôn*": "noun, masculine, singular, construct - roar of/tumult of",
"*mamləḵôṯ*": "noun, feminine, plural, construct - kingdoms of",
"*gôyim*": "noun, masculine, plural - nations/peoples",
"*neʾĕsāp̄îm*": "verb, Niphal participle, masculine plural - being gathered/assembled",
"*YHWH*": "proper noun - divine name",
"*ṣəḇāʾôṯ*": "noun, masculine, plural - hosts/armies",
"*məp̄aqqēḏ*": "verb, Piel participle, masculine singular - mustering/numbering/commanding",
"*ṣəḇā*": "noun, masculine, singular, construct - army of",
"*milḥāmāh*": "noun, feminine, singular - war/battle"
},
"variants": {
"*hāmôn*": "multitude/tumult/crowd/noise",
"*dəmûṯ*": "likeness/resemblance/form/appearance",
"*šəʾôn*": "roar/tumult/uproar",
"*neʾĕsāp̄îm*": "being gathered/being assembled/coming together",
"*məp̄aqqēḏ*": "mustering/numbering/commanding/appointing"
}
}
5 {
"verseID": "Isaiah.13.5",
"source": "בָּאִ֛ים מֵאֶ֥רֶץ מֶרְחָ֖ק מִקְצֵ֣ה הַשָּׁמָ֑יִם יְהוָה֙ וּכְלֵ֣י זַעְמ֔וֹ לְחַבֵּ֖ל כָּל־הָאָֽרֶץ׃",
"text": "*Bāʾîm* from-*ʾereṣ* *merḥāq* from-*qəṣēh* the-*šāmāyim* *YHWH* *û*-*ḵəlê* *zaʿmô* *lə*-*ḥabbēl* all-the-*ʾāreṣ*",
"grammar": {
"*bāʾîm*": "verb, Qal participle, masculine plural - coming/arriving",
"*mēʾereṣ*": "preposition + noun, feminine, singular, construct - from land of",
"*merḥāq*": "noun, masculine, singular - distance/far place",
"*miqṣēh*": "preposition + noun, masculine, singular, construct - from end of",
"*haššāmāyim*": "noun, masculine, plural + definite article - the heavens/sky",
"*YHWH*": "proper noun - divine name",
"*ûḵəlê*": "conjunction + noun, masculine, plural, construct - and weapons/tools of",
"*zaʿmô*": "noun, masculine, singular + 3rd masculine singular suffix - his indignation/wrath",
"*ləḥabbēl*": "preposition + verb, Piel infinitive construct - to destroy/ruin",
"*kol-hāʾāreṣ*": "noun, masculine, singular + noun, feminine, singular + definite article - all the earth/land"
},
"variants": {
"*merḥāq*": "distance/far place/remote region",
"*ḵəlê*": "weapons/tools/instruments/vessels",
"*zaʿmô*": "his indignation/his wrath/his fury",
"*ləḥabbēl*": "to destroy/to ruin/to devastate"
}
}
6 {
"verseID": "Isaiah.13.6",
"source": "הֵילִ֕ילוּ כִּ֥י קָר֖וֹב י֣וֹם יְהוָ֑ה כְּשֹׁ֖ד מִשַׁדַּ֥י יָבֽוֹא׃",
"text": "*Hêlîlû* for near *yôm* *YHWH* like-*šōḏ* from-*Šadday* *yāḇôʾ*",
"grammar": {
"*hêlîlû*": "verb, Hiphil imperative, masculine plural - wail/howl",
"*kî*": "conjunction - for/because",
"*qārôḇ*": "adjective, masculine singular - near/at hand",
"*yôm*": "noun, masculine, singular, construct - day of",
"*YHWH*": "proper noun - divine name",
"*kəšōḏ*": "preposition + noun, masculine, singular - like destruction/devastation",
"*miššadday*": "preposition + proper noun - from the Almighty",
"*yāḇôʾ*": "verb, Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - it will come"
},
"variants": {
"*hêlîlû*": "wail/howl/lament",
"*šōḏ*": "destruction/devastation/violence/ruin",
"*Šadday*": "the Almighty/All-Sufficient One (divine title)"
}
}
7 {
"verseID": "Isaiah.13.7",
"source": "עַל־כֵּ֖ן כָּל־יָדַ֣יִם תִּרְפֶּ֑ינָה וְכָל־לְבַ֥ב אֱנ֖וֹשׁ יִמָּס׃",
"text": "Therefore all-*yāḏayim* *tirpênāh* and-all-*ləḇaḇ* *ʾĕnôš* *yimmās*",
"grammar": {
"*ʿal-kēn*": "conjunction - therefore/on account of this",
"*kol-yāḏayim*": "noun, masculine, singular + noun, feminine, dual - all hands",
"*tirpênāh*": "verb, Qal imperfect, 3rd feminine plural - will go limp/become feeble",
"*wəḵol-ləḇaḇ*": "conjunction + noun, masculine, singular + noun, masculine, singular, construct - and every heart of",
"*ʾĕnôš*": "noun, masculine, singular - mankind/human",
"*yimmās*": "verb, Niphal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - will melt/dissolve"
},
"variants": {
"*tirpênāh*": "will go limp/become feeble/grow weak/fail",
"*ləḇaḇ*": "heart/mind/inner person",
"*ʾĕnôš*": "mankind/human/man/mortal",
"*yimmās*": "will melt/dissolve/lose courage"
}
}
8 {
"verseID": "Isaiah.13.8",
"source": "וְֽנִבְהָ֓לוּ ׀ צִירִ֤ים וַֽחֲבָלִים֙ יֹֽאחֵז֔וּן כַּיּוֹלֵדָ֖ה יְחִיל֑וּן אִ֤ישׁ אֶל־רֵעֵ֙הוּ֙ יִתְמָ֔הוּ פְּנֵ֥י לְהָבִ֖ים פְּנֵיהֶֽם׃",
"text": "*Wə*-*niḇhālû* *ṣîrîm* *wa*-*ḥăḇālîm* *yōʾḥēzûn* like-the-*yôlēḏāh* *yəḥîlûn* *ʾîš* to-*rēʿēhû* *yiṯmāhû* *pənê* *ləhāḇîm* *pənêhem*",
"grammar": {
"*wəniḇhālû*": "conjunction + verb, Niphal perfect, 3rd masculine plural - and they will be dismayed/terrified",
"*ṣîrîm*": "noun, masculine, plural - pangs/labor pains",
"*waḥăḇālîm*": "conjunction + noun, masculine, plural - and pains/birth pangs",
"*yōʾḥēzûn*": "verb, Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine plural + paragogic nun - they will seize/grasp",
"*kayyôlēḏāh*": "preposition + noun, feminine, singular + definite article - like the woman giving birth",
"*yəḥîlûn*": "verb, Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine plural + paragogic nun - they will writhe/be in anguish",
"*ʾîš*": "noun, masculine, singular - man/each one",
"*ʾel-rēʿēhû*": "preposition + noun, masculine, singular + 3rd masculine singular suffix - to his neighbor/companion",
"*yiṯmāhû*": "verb, Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine plural - they will be astonished/amazed",
"*pənê*": "noun, masculine, plural, construct - faces of",
"*ləhāḇîm*": "noun, masculine, plural - flames",
"*pənêhem*": "noun, masculine, plural + 3rd masculine plural suffix - their faces"
},
"variants": {
"*niḇhālû*": "will be dismayed/terrified/alarmed/panic",
"*ṣîrîm*": "pangs/labor pains/distress",
"*ḥăḇālîm*": "pains/birth pangs/sorrows",
"*yōʾḥēzûn*": "will seize/grasp/take hold of",
"*yəḥîlûn*": "will writhe/be in anguish/twist in pain",
"*yiṯmāhû*": "will be astonished/amazed/look in horror",
"*pənê ləhāḇîm pənêhem*": "their faces are faces of flames/their faces are flushed"
}
}
9 {
"verseID": "Isaiah.13.9",
"source": "הִנֵּ֤ה יוֹם־יְהוָה֙ בָּ֔א אַכְזָרִ֥י וְעֶבְרָ֖ה וַחֲר֣וֹן אָ֑ף לָשׂ֤וּם הָאָ֙רֶץ֙ לְשַׁמָּ֔ה וְחַטָּאֶ֖יהָ יַשְׁמִ֥יד מִמֶּֽנָּה׃",
"text": "Behold *yôm*-*YHWH* *bāʾ* *ʾaḵzārî* *wə*-*ʿeḇrāh* *wa*-*ḥărôn* *ʾāp̄* *lāśûm* the-*ʾāreṣ* to-*šammāh* *wə*-*ḥaṭṭāʾêhā* *yašmîḏ* from-her",
"grammar": {
"*hinnēh*": "interjection - behold/see",
"*yôm-YHWH*": "noun, masculine, singular, construct + proper noun - day of YHWH",
"*bāʾ*": "verb, Qal participle, masculine singular - coming",
"*ʾaḵzārî*": "adjective, masculine singular - cruel/fierce",
"*wəʿeḇrāh*": "conjunction + noun, feminine, singular - and wrath/fury",
"*waḥărôn*": "conjunction + noun, masculine, singular, construct - and burning of",
"*ʾāp̄*": "noun, masculine, singular - anger/nose",
"*lāśûm*": "preposition + verb, Qal infinitive construct - to make/set",
"*hāʾāreṣ*": "noun, feminine, singular + definite article - the land/earth",
"*ləšammāh*": "preposition + noun, feminine, singular - to desolation",
"*wəḥaṭṭāʾêhā*": "conjunction + noun, masculine, plural + 3rd feminine singular suffix - and her sinners",
"*yašmîḏ*": "verb, Hiphil imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - he will destroy",
"*mimmennāh*": "preposition + 3rd feminine singular suffix - from her"
},
"variants": {
"*ʾaḵzārî*": "cruel/fierce/merciless",
"*ʿeḇrāh*": "wrath/fury/rage/overflow",
"*ḥărôn ʾāp̄*": "burning anger/fierce wrath/heat of nostril",
"*šammāh*": "desolation/waste/horror",
"*yašmîḏ*": "will destroy/annihilate/exterminate"
}
}
10 {
"verseID": "Isaiah.13.10",
"source": "כִּֽי־כוֹכְבֵ֤י הַשָּׁמַ֙יִם֙ וּכְסִ֣ילֵיהֶ֔ם לֹ֥א יָהֵ֖לּוּ אוֹרָ֑ם חָשַׁ֤ךְ הַשֶּׁ֙מֶשׁ֙ בְּצֵאת֔וֹ וְיָרֵ֖חַ לֹֽא־יַגִּ֥יהַ אוֹרֽוֹ׃",
"text": "For-*kôḵəḇê* the-*šāmayim* *û*-*ḵəsîlêhem* not *yāhēllû* *ʾôrām* *ḥāšaḵ* the-*šemeš* in-*ṣēʾṯô* *wə*-*yārēaḥ* not-*yaggîah* *ʾôrô*",
"grammar": {
"*kî*": "conjunction - for/because",
"*kôḵəḇê*": "noun, masculine, plural, construct - stars of",
"*haššāmayim*": "noun, masculine, plural + definite article - the heavens",
"*ûḵəsîlêhem*": "conjunction + noun, masculine, plural + 3rd masculine plural suffix - and their constellations",
"*lōʾ*": "negative particle - not",
"*yāhēllû*": "verb, Hiphil imperfect, 3rd masculine plural - they will shine",
"*ʾôrām*": "noun, masculine, singular + 3rd masculine plural suffix - their light",
"*ḥāšaḵ*": "verb, Qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - is darkened",
"*haššemeš*": "noun, masculine, singular + definite article - the sun",
"*bəṣēʾṯô*": "preposition + verb, Qal infinitive construct + 3rd masculine singular suffix - in its going forth",
"*wəyārēaḥ*": "conjunction + noun, masculine, singular - and moon",
"*lōʾ-yaggîah*": "negative particle + verb, Hiphil imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - will not shine",
"*ʾôrô*": "noun, masculine, singular + 3rd masculine singular suffix - its light"
},
"variants": {
"*kôḵəḇê*": "stars of/celestial bodies of",
"*ḵəsîlêhem*": "their constellations/their groups of stars/Orion",
"*yāhēllû*": "will shine/will give light/will illuminate",
"*ḥāšaḵ*": "is darkened/is black/is dim",
"*bəṣēʾṯô*": "in its going forth/in its rising/when it comes out",
"*yaggîah*": "will shine/will give light/will send forth"
}
}
11 {
"verseID": "Isaiah.13.11",
"source": "וּפָקַדְתִּ֤י עַל־תֵּבֵל֙ רָעָ֔ה וְעַל־רְשָׁעִ֖ים עֲוֺנָ֑ם וְהִשְׁבַּתִּי֙ גְּא֣וֹן זֵדִ֔ים וְגַאֲוַ֥ת עָרִיצִ֖ים אַשְׁפִּֽיל׃",
"text": "*Û*-*p̄āqaḏtî* upon-*tēḇēl* *rāʿāh* *wə*-upon-*rəšāʿîm* *ʿăwōnām* *wə*-*hišbattî* *gəʾôn* *zēḏîm* *wə*-*gaʾăwaṯ* *ʿārîṣîm* *ʾašpîl*",
"grammar": {
"*ûp̄āqaḏtî*": "conjunction + verb, Qal perfect, 1st singular - and I will punish/visit",
"*ʿal-tēḇēl*": "preposition + noun, feminine, singular - upon the world",
"*rāʿāh*": "noun, feminine, singular - evil/disaster",
"*wəʿal-rəšāʿîm*": "conjunction + preposition + noun, masculine, plural - and upon the wicked",
"*ʿăwōnām*": "noun, masculine, singular + 3rd masculine plural suffix - their iniquity",
"*wəhišbattî*": "conjunction + verb, Hiphil perfect, 1st singular - and I will cause to cease",
"*gəʾôn*": "noun, masculine, singular, construct - pride of",
"*zēḏîm*": "adjective, masculine, plural - proud/arrogant ones",
"*wəgaʾăwaṯ*": "conjunction + noun, feminine, singular, construct - and pride/haughtiness of",
"*ʿārîṣîm*": "adjective, masculine, plural - ruthless/terrifying ones",
"*ʾašpîl*": "verb, Hiphil imperfect, 1st singular - I will bring low"
},
"variants": {
"*p̄āqaḏtî*": "I will punish/visit/attend to",
"*tēḇēl*": "world/earth/land",
"*rāʿāh*": "evil/disaster/calamity/misfortune",
"*rəšāʿîm*": "wicked/guilty/criminal ones",
"*ʿăwōnām*": "their iniquity/guilt/punishment",
"*hišbattî*": "I will cause to cease/end/stop",
"*gəʾôn*": "pride/arrogance/majesty",
"*zēḏîm*": "proud/arrogant/presumptuous ones",
"*gaʾăwaṯ*": "pride/haughtiness/majesty",
"*ʿārîṣîm*": "ruthless/terrifying/violent ones",
"*ʾašpîl*": "I will bring low/humble/abase"
}
}
12 {
"verseID": "Isaiah.13.12",
"source": "אוֹקִ֥יר אֱנ֖וֹשׁ מִפָּ֑ז וְאָדָ֖ם מִכֶּ֥תֶם אוֹפִֽיר׃",
"text": "*ʾÔqîr* *ʾĕnôš* than-*pāz* *wə*-*ʾāḏām* than-*keṯem* *ʾÔp̄îr*",
"grammar": {
"*ʾôqîr*": "verb, Hiphil imperfect, 1st singular - I will make rare/precious",
"*ʾĕnôš*": "noun, masculine, singular - mankind/mortal",
"*mippāz*": "preposition + noun, masculine, singular - than fine gold",
"*wəʾāḏām*": "conjunction + noun, masculine, singular - and human/man",
"*mikkeṯem*": "preposition + noun, masculine, singular, construct - than the gold of",
"*ʾôp̄îr*": "proper noun - Ophir"
},
"variants": {
"*ʾôqîr*": "I will make rare/precious/scarce/valuable",
"*ʾĕnôš*": "mankind/mortal/human",
"*pāz*": "fine gold/pure gold/refined gold",
"*ʾāḏām*": "human/man/person/mankind",
"*keṯem*": "gold/pure gold/fine gold",
"*ʾôp̄îr*": "Ophir (place known for fine gold)"
}
}
13 {
"verseID": "Isaiah.13.13",
"source": "עַל־כֵּן֙ שָׁמַ֣יִם אַרְגִּ֔יז וְתִרְעַ֥שׁ הָאָ֖רֶץ מִמְּקוֹמָ֑הּ בְּעֶבְרַת֙ יְהוָ֣ה צְבָא֔וֹת וּבְי֖וֹם חֲר֥וֹן אַפּֽוֹ׃",
"text": "Therefore *šāmayim* *ʾargîz* *wə*-*tirʿaš* the-*ʾāreṣ* from-*məqômāh* in-*ʿeḇraṯ* *YHWH* *ṣəḇāʾôṯ* *û*-in-*yôm* *ḥărôn* *ʾappô*",
"grammar": {
"*ʿal-kēn*": "conjunction - therefore/on account of this",
"*šāmayim*": "noun, masculine, plural - heavens",
"*ʾargîz*": "verb, Hiphil imperfect, 1st singular - I will make tremble",
"*wəṯirʿaš*": "conjunction + verb, Qal imperfect, 3rd feminine singular - and will shake",
"*hāʾāreṣ*": "noun, feminine, singular + definite article - the earth/land",
"*mimməqômāh*": "preposition + noun, masculine, singular + 3rd feminine singular suffix - from her place",
"*bəʿeḇraṯ*": "preposition + noun, feminine, singular, construct - in the wrath of",
"*YHWH*": "proper noun - divine name",
"*ṣəḇāʾôṯ*": "noun, masculine, plural - hosts/armies",
"*ûḇəyôm*": "conjunction + preposition + noun, masculine, singular, construct - and in the day of",
"*ḥărôn*": "noun, masculine, singular, construct - burning of",
"*ʾappô*": "noun, masculine, singular + 3rd masculine singular suffix - his anger/nostril"
},
"variants": {
"*ʾargîz*": "I will make tremble/cause to quake/shake",
"*tirʿaš*": "will shake/quake/tremble",
"*məqômāh*": "her place/her position/her site",
"*ʿeḇraṯ*": "wrath/fury/rage/overflow",
"*ḥărôn ʾappô*": "burning of his anger/heat of his nostril/his fierce wrath"
}
}
14 {
"verseID": "Isaiah.13.14",
"source": "וְהָיָה֙ כִּצְבִ֣י מֻדָּ֔ח וּכְצֹ֖אן וְאֵ֣ין מְקַבֵּ֑ץ אִ֤ישׁ אֶל־עַמּוֹ֙ יִפְנ֔וּ וְאִ֥ישׁ אֶל־אַרְצ֖וֹ יָנֽוּסוּ׃",
"text": "*Wə*-*hāyāh* like-*ṣəḇî* *muddāḥ* *û*-like-*ṣōʾn* *wə*-none *məqabbēṣ* *ʾîš* to-*ʿammô* *yip̄nû* *wə*-*ʾîš* to-*ʾarṣô* *yānûsû*",
"grammar": {
"*wəhāyāh*": "conjunction + verb, Qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - and it will be",
"*kiṣəḇî*": "preposition + noun, masculine, singular - like a gazelle",
"*muddāḥ*": "verb, Hophal participle, masculine singular - driven away/hunted",
"*ûḵəṣōʾn*": "conjunction + preposition + noun, feminine, singular - and like sheep/flock",
"*wəʾên*": "conjunction + particle of negation - and there is not",
"*məqabbēṣ*": "verb, Piel participle, masculine singular - one gathering/collecting",
"*ʾîš*": "noun, masculine, singular - man/each one",
"*ʾel-ʿammô*": "preposition + noun, masculine, singular + 3rd masculine singular suffix - to his people",
"*yip̄nû*": "verb, Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine plural - they will turn",
"*wəʾîš*": "conjunction + noun, masculine, singular - and each one",
"*ʾel-ʾarṣô*": "preposition + noun, feminine, singular + 3rd masculine singular suffix - to his land",
"*yānûsû*": "verb, Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine plural - they will flee"
},
"variants": {
"*ṣəḇî*": "gazelle/deer/roe",
"*muddāḥ*": "driven away/hunted/scattered",
"*ṣōʾn*": "sheep/flock/small cattle",
"*məqabbēṣ*": "one gathering/collecting/shepherding",
"*yip̄nû*": "will turn/turn toward/face",
"*yānûsû*": "will flee/run away/escape"
}
}
15 {
"verseID": "Isaiah.13.15",
"source": "כָּל־הַנִּמְצָ֖א יִדָּקֵ֑ר וְכָל־הַנִּסְפֶּ֖ה יִפּ֥וֹל בֶּחָֽרֶב׃",
"text": "All-the-*nimṣāʾ* *yiddāqēr* *wə*-all-the-*nispeh* *yippôl* by-the-*ḥāreḇ*",
"grammar": {
"*kol-hannimṣāʾ*": "noun, masculine, singular + definite article + verb, Niphal participle, masculine singular - all who are found",
"*yiddāqēr*": "verb, Niphal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - will be pierced through",
"*wəḵol-hannispeh*": "conjunction + noun, masculine, singular + definite article + verb, Niphal participle, masculine singular - and all who are caught",
"*yippôl*": "verb, Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - will fall",
"*beḥāreḇ*": "preposition + noun, feminine, singular + definite article - by the sword"
},
"variants": {
"*nimṣāʾ*": "who are found/who remain/who are present",
"*yiddāqēr*": "will be pierced through/thrust through/run through",
"*nispeh*": "who are caught/who are captured/who are swept away",
"*yippôl*": "will fall/will be killed/will die"
}
}
16 {
"verseID": "Isaiah.13.16",
"source": "וְעֹלְלֵיהֶ֥ם יְרֻטְּשׁ֖וּ לְעֵֽינֵיהֶ֑ם יִשַּׁ֙סּוּ֙ בָּֽתֵּיהֶ֔ם וּנְשֵׁיהֶ֖ם *תשגלנה **תִּשָּׁכַֽבְנָה׃",
"text": "*Wə*-*ʿōləlêhem* *yəruṭṭəšû* before-*ʿênêhem* *yiššassû* *bāttêhem* *û*-*nəšêhem* *tiššāḵaḇnāh*",
"grammar": {
"*wəʿōləlêhem*": "conjunction + noun, masculine, plural + 3rd masculine plural suffix - and their infants",
"*yəruṭṭəšû*": "verb, Pual imperfect, 3rd masculine plural - will be dashed to pieces",
"*ləʿênêhem*": "preposition + noun, feminine, dual + 3rd masculine plural suffix - before their eyes",
"*yiššassû*": "verb, Niphal imperfect, 3rd masculine plural - will be plundered",
"*bāttêhem*": "noun, masculine, plural + 3rd masculine plural suffix - their houses",
"*ûnəšêhem*": "conjunction + noun, feminine, plural + 3rd masculine plural suffix - and their wives",
"*tiššāḵaḇnāh*": "verb, Niphal imperfect, 3rd feminine plural - will be violated/ravished/lain with"
},
"variants": {
"*ʿōləlêhem*": "their infants/their little ones/their children",
"*yəruṭṭəšû*": "will be dashed to pieces/smashed/killed violently",
"*yiššassû*": "will be plundered/looted/robbed",
"*tiššāḵaḇnāh*": "will be violated/ravished/lain with (euphemism for rape)",
"*tishgalnah*": "alternate reading (Kethib) - will be violated/raped"
}
}
17 {
"verseID": "Isaiah.13.17",
"source": "הִנְנִ֛י מֵעִ֥יר עֲלֵיהֶ֖ם אֶת־מָדָ֑י אֲשֶׁר־כֶּ֙סֶף֙ לֹ֣א יַחְשֹׁ֔בוּ וְזָהָ֖ב לֹ֥א יַחְפְּצוּ־בֽוֹ׃",
"text": "Behold-me *mēʿîr* against-them *ʾeṯ*-*Māḏāy* who-*kesep̄* not *yaḥšōḇû* *wə*-*zāhāḇ* not *yaḥpəṣû*-in-it",
"grammar": {
"*hinənî*": "interjection + 1st singular pronoun - behold me",
"*mēʿîr*": "verb, Hiphil participle, masculine singular - arousing/stirring up",
"*ʿălêhem*": "preposition + 3rd masculine plural suffix - against them",
"*ʾeṯ-māḏāy*": "direct object marker + proper noun - the Medes",
"*ʾăšer-kesep̄*": "relative pronoun + noun, masculine, singular - who silver",
"*lōʾ*": "negative particle - not",
"*yaḥšōḇû*": "verb, Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine plural - they regard/esteem",
"*wəzāhāḇ*": "conjunction + noun, masculine, singular - and gold",
"*lōʾ*": "negative particle - not",
"*yaḥpəṣû-ḇô*": "verb, Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine plural + preposition + 3rd masculine singular suffix - they delight in it"
},
"variants": {
"*mēʿîr*": "arousing/stirring up/awakening",
"*yaḥšōḇû*": "they regard/esteem/value/consider",
"*yaḥpəṣû*": "they delight in/desire/take pleasure in"
}
}