Jeremiah 47:2

biblecontext

{ "verseID": "Jeremiah.47.2", "source": "כֹּ֣ה ׀ אָמַ֣ר יְהוָ֗ה הִנֵּה־מַ֜יִם עֹלִ֤ים מִצָּפוֹן֙ וְהָיוּ֙ לְנַ֣חַל שׁוֹטֵ֔ף וְיִשְׁטְפוּ֙ אֶ֣רֶץ וּמְלוֹאָ֔הּ עִ֖יר וְיֹ֣שְׁבֵי בָ֑הּ וְזָֽעֲקוּ֙ הָֽאָדָ֔ם וְהֵילִ֕ל כֹּ֖ל יוֹשֵׁ֥ב הָאָֽרֶץ׃", "text": "Thus *ʾāmar* *YHWH* *hinnēh*-*mayim* *ʿōlîm* from-*ṣāp̄ôn* *wə*-*hāyû* to-*naḥal* *šôṭēp̄* *wə*-*yišṭəp̄û* *ʾereṣ* *û*-*məlôʾāh* *ʿîr* *wə*-*yōšḇê* in-her *wə*-*zāʿăqû* the-*ʾāḏām* *wə*-*hêlîl* all *yōšēḇ* the-*ʾāreṣ*.", "grammar": { "*kōh*": "adverb - thus/so", "*ʾāmar*": "qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - said", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - Yahweh/LORD", "*hinnēh*": "demonstrative particle - behold/look", "*mayim*": "masculine plural noun - waters", "*ʿōlîm*": "qal participle, masculine plural - rising/coming up", "*mi-ṣāp̄ôn*": "preposition + noun - from north", "*wə-hāyû*": "conjunction + qal perfect, 3rd common plural - and they will be", "*lə-naḥal*": "preposition + masculine singular noun - to stream/torrent", "*šôṭēp̄*": "qal participle, masculine singular - overflowing/flooding", "*wə-yišṭəp̄û*": "conjunction + qal imperfect, 3rd masculine plural - and they will flood", "*ʾereṣ*": "feminine singular noun - land/earth", "*û-məlôʾāh*": "conjunction + noun with 3rd feminine singular suffix - and its fullness", "*ʿîr*": "feminine singular noun - city", "*wə-yōšḇê*": "conjunction + qal participle masculine plural construct - and inhabitants of", "*bāh*": "preposition with 3rd feminine singular suffix - in it/her", "*wə-zāʿăqû*": "conjunction + qal perfect, 3rd common plural - and they will cry out", "*hā-ʾāḏām*": "definite article + masculine singular noun - the man/humanity", "*wə-hêlîl*": "conjunction + hiphil perfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he will wail", "*kōl*": "construct state - all/every", "*yōšēḇ*": "qal participle, masculine singular construct - inhabitant of", "*hā-ʾāreṣ*": "definite article + feminine singular noun - the land/earth" }, "variants": { "*ṣāp̄ôn*": "north/northern region", "*naḥal šôṭēp̄*": "overflowing stream/flooding torrent", "*yišṭəp̄û*": "they will flood/overflow/wash away", "*məlôʾāh*": "its fullness/everything in it", "*zāʿăqû*": "cry out/shriek/call for help", "*hêlîl*": "wail/howl/lament" } }

📖 Grammatical Analysis

Original Text

כֹּ֣ה ׀ אָמַ֣ר יְהוָ֗ה הִנֵּה־מַ֜יִם עֹלִ֤ים מִצָּפוֹן֙ וְהָיוּ֙ לְנַ֣חַל שׁוֹטֵ֔ף וְיִשְׁטְפוּ֙ אֶ֣רֶץ וּמְלוֹאָ֔הּ עִ֖יר וְיֹ֣שְׁבֵי בָ֑הּ וְזָֽעֲקוּ֙ הָֽאָדָ֔ם וְהֵילִ֕ל כֹּ֖ל יוֹשֵׁ֥ב הָאָֽרֶץ׃

Transliteration

Thus ʾāmar YHWH hinnēh-mayim ʿōlîm from-ṣāp̄ôn wə-hāyû to-naḥal šôṭēp̄ wə-yišṭəp̄û ʾereṣ û-məlôʾāh ʿîr wə-yōšḇê in-her wə-zāʿăqû the-ʾāḏām wə-hêlîl all yōšēḇ the-ʾāreṣ.

Grammar Details

• *kōh*: adverb - thus/so
• *ʾāmar*: qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - said
• *YHWH*: proper noun - Yahweh/LORD
• *hinnēh*: demonstrative particle - behold/look
• *mayim*: masculine plural noun - waters
• *ʿōlîm*: qal participle, masculine plural - rising/coming up
• *mi-ṣāp̄ôn*: preposition + noun - from north
• *wə-hāyû*: conjunction + qal perfect, 3rd common plural - and they will be
• *lə-naḥal*: preposition + masculine singular noun - to stream/torrent
• *šôṭēp̄*: qal participle, masculine singular - overflowing/flooding
• *wə-yišṭəp̄û*: conjunction + qal imperfect, 3rd masculine plural - and they will flood
• *ʾereṣ*: feminine singular noun - land/earth
• *û-məlôʾāh*: conjunction + noun with 3rd feminine singular suffix - and its fullness
• *ʿîr*: feminine singular noun - city
• *wə-yōšḇê*: conjunction + qal participle masculine plural construct - and inhabitants of
• *bāh*: preposition with 3rd feminine singular suffix - in it/her
• *wə-zāʿăqû*: conjunction + qal perfect, 3rd common plural - and they will cry out
• *hā-ʾāḏām*: definite article + masculine singular noun - the man/humanity
• *wə-hêlîl*: conjunction + hiphil perfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he will wail
• *kōl*: construct state - all/every
• *yōšēḇ*: qal participle, masculine singular construct - inhabitant of
• *hā-ʾāreṣ*: definite article + feminine singular noun - the land/earth

Word Meanings

• *ṣāp̄ôn*: north/northern region
• *naḥal šôṭēp̄*: overflowing stream/flooding torrent
• *yišṭəp̄û*: they will flood/overflow/wash away
• *məlôʾāh*: its fullness/everything in it
• *zāʿăqû*: cry out/shriek/call for help
• *hêlîl*: wail/howl/lament

Other Translations

• Linguistic Bible Translation from Source Texts

  This is what the LORD says: 'Look, waters are rising from the north and will become an overflowing torrent. They will flood the land and everything in it, including the towns and their inhabitants. The people will cry out, and everyone living in the land will wail.'

• King James Version 1769 (Standard Version)

  Thus saith the LORD; Behold, waters rise up out of the north, and shall be an overflowing flood, and shall overflow the land, and all that is therein; the city, and them that dwell therein: then the men shall cry, and all the inhabitants of the land shall howl.

• KJV1611 – Modern English

  Thus says the LORD: Behold, waters rise up out of the north and shall be an overflowing flood, and shall overflow the land and all that is in it; the city, and those who dwell in it: then the men shall cry, and all the inhabitants of the land shall wail.

• King James Version 1611 (Original)

  Thus saith the LORD; Behold, waters rise up out of the north, and shall be an overflowing flood, and shall overflow the land, and all that is therein; the city, and them that dwell therein: then the men shall cry, and all the inhabitants of the land shall howl.

• American Standard Version with Strong's Numbers

  Thus saith Jehovah: Behold, waters rise up out of the north, and shall become an overflowing stream, and shall overflow the land and all that is therein, the city and them that dwell therein; and the men shall cry, and all the inhabitants of the land shall wail.

• King James Version with Strong's Numbers

  Thus saith the LORD; Behold, waters rise up out of the north, and shall be an overflowing flood, and shall overflow the land, and all that is therein; the city, and them that dwell therein: then the men shall cry, and all the inhabitants of the land shall howl.

• Coverdale Bible (1535)

  Thus saieth the LORDE: Beholde, there shall waters arise out off the north: and shall growe to a greate floude, runnynge ouer and couerynge the londe, the cities and them that dwell therin. And the men shall crie, and all they that dwell in the londe, shall mourne

• Geneva Bible (1560)

  Thus saith the Lord, Beholde, waters rise vp out of the North, and shalbe as a swelling flood, and shall ouerflowe the land, and all that is therein, and the cities with them that dwell therein: then the men shall crie, and all the inhabitants of the land shall howle,

• Bishops' Bible (1568)

  Thus saith the Lorde: Beholde, there shal waters arise out of the north, and shall growe to a great fludde, running ouer & couering the lande and all that is therin, the cities and them that dwel therin: and the men shal crye, & all they that dwel in the land shal mourne

• Authorized King James Version (1611)

  Thus saith the LORD; Behold, waters rise up out of the north, and shall be an overflowing flood, and shall overflow the land, and all that is therein; the city, and them that dwell therein: then the men shall cry, and all the inhabitants of the land shall howl.

• Webster's Bible (1833)

  Thus says Yahweh: Behold, waters rise up out of the north, and shall become an overflowing stream, and shall overflow the land and all that is therein, the city and those who dwell therein; and the men shall cry, and all the inhabitants of the land shall wail.

• Young's Literal Translation (1862/1898)

  `Thus said Jehovah: Lo, waters are coming up from the north, And have been for an overflowing stream, And they overflow the land and its fulness, The city, and the inhabitants in it, And men have cried out, And howled hath every inhabitant of the land.

• American Standard Version (1901)

  Thus saith Jehovah: Behold, waters rise up out of the north, and shall become an overflowing stream, and shall overflow the land and all that is therein, the city and them that dwell therein; and the men shall cry, and all the inhabitants of the land shall wail.

• American Standard Version (1901)

  Thus saith Jehovah: Behold, waters rise up out of the north, and shall become an overflowing stream, and shall overflow the land and all that is therein, the city and them that dwell therein; and the men shall cry, and all the inhabitants of the land shall wail.

• Bible in Basic English (1941)

  This is what the Lord has said: See, waters are coming up out of the north, and will become an overflowing stream, overflowing the land and everything in it, the town and those who are living in it; and men will give a cry, and all the people of the land will be crying out in pain.

• World English Bible (2000)

  Thus says Yahweh: Behold, waters rise up out of the north, and shall become an overflowing stream, and shall overflow the land and all that is therein, the city and those who dwell therein; and the men shall cry, and all the inhabitants of the land shall wail.

• NET Bible® (New English Translation)

  “Look! Enemies are gathering in the north like water rising in a river. They will be like an overflowing stream. They will overwhelm the whole country and everything in it like a flood. They will overwhelm the cities and their inhabitants. People will cry out in alarm. Everyone living in the country will cry out in pain.

Referenced Verses

• Isa 15:2-5 : 2 { "verseID": "Isaiah.15.2", "source": "עָלָ֨ה הַבַּ֧יִת וְדִיבֹ֛ן הַבָּמ֖וֹת לְבֶ֑כִי עַל־נְב֞וֹ וְעַ֤ל מֵֽידְבָא֙ מוֹאָ֣ב יְיֵלִ֔יל בְּכָל־רֹאשָׁ֣יו קָרְחָ֔ה כָּל־זָקָ֖ן גְּרוּעָֽה׃", "text": "*ʿālâ* the *bayit* *wə*-*Dîḇōn* the *bāmôt* for *beḵî* upon-*Neḇô* *wə*-upon *Mêdeḇāʾ* *Môʾāḇ* *yeyēlîl* on all-*rōʾšāyw* *qorḥâ* all-*zāqān* *gerûʿâ*", "grammar": { "*ʿālâ*": "qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - went up/ascended", "*bayit*": "noun, masculine, singular with definite article - the house/temple", "*wə*": "conjunction - and", "*Dîḇōn*": "proper noun - Dibon (city)", "*bāmôt*": "noun, feminine, plural with definite article - the high places", "*beḵî*": "noun, masculine, singular - weeping", "*Neḇô*": "proper noun - Nebo (place name)", "*Mêdeḇāʾ*": "proper noun - Medeba (place name)", "*Môʾāḇ*": "proper noun - Moab", "*yeyēlîl*": "hiphil imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - wails/howls", "*rōʾšāyw*": "noun, masculine, plural construct with 3rd masculine singular suffix - its/his heads", "*qorḥâ*": "noun, feminine, singular - baldness", "*zāqān*": "noun, masculine, singular - beard", "*gerûʿâ*": "passive participle, feminine, singular - cut off/shaved" }, "variants": { "*ʿālâ*": "went up/ascended/has gone up", "*bayit*": "house/temple (possibly referring to temple in Moab)", "*bāmôt*": "high places/shrines/cult sites", "*beḵî*": "weeping/crying", "*yeyēlîl*": "wails/howls/laments", "*qorḥâ*": "baldness (sign of mourning)", "*gerûʿâ*": "cut off/shaved/diminished (sign of mourning)" } } 3 { "verseID": "Isaiah.15.3", "source": "בְּחוּצֹתָ֖יו חָ֣גְרוּ שָׂ֑ק עַ֣ל גַּגּוֹתֶ֧יהָ וּבִרְחֹבֹתֶ֛יהָ כֻּלֹּ֥ה יְיֵלִ֖יל יֹרֵ֥ד בַּבֶּֽכִי׃", "text": "In *ḥûṣōtāyw* they *ḥāḡerû* *śāq* upon *gaggôtehâ* *û*-in *reḥōḇōtehâ* *kullōh* *yeyēlîl* *yōrēd* in the *beḵî*", "grammar": { "*ḥûṣōtāyw*": "noun, feminine, plural construct with 3rd masculine singular suffix - its/his streets", "*ḥāḡerû*": "qal perfect, 3rd common plural - they gird/put on", "*śāq*": "noun, masculine, singular - sackcloth", "*gaggôtehâ*": "noun, masculine, plural construct with 3rd feminine singular suffix - her roofs", "*û*": "conjunction - and", "*reḥōḇōtehâ*": "noun, feminine, plural construct with 3rd feminine singular suffix - her squares/open places", "*kullōh*": "noun, masculine, singular with 3rd masculine singular suffix - all of it/everyone", "*yeyēlîl*": "hiphil imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - wails/howls", "*yōrēd*": "qal participle, masculine singular - going down/descending", "*beḵî*": "noun, masculine, singular with definite article - the weeping" }, "variants": { "*ḥûṣōtāyw*": "its/his streets/outdoor areas", "*ḥāḡerû*": "they gird/put on/wear (as mourning gesture)", "*śāq*": "sackcloth (mourning garment)", "*reḥōḇōtehâ*": "her squares/open places/broad streets", "*yeyēlîl*": "wails/howls/laments", "*yōrēd*": "going down/descending/flowing down" } } 4 { "verseID": "Isaiah.15.4", "source": "וַתִּזְעַ֤ק חֶשְׁבּוֹן֙ וְאֶלְעָלֵ֔ה עַד־יַ֖הַץ נִשְׁמַ֣ע קוֹלָ֑ם עַל־כֵּ֗ן חֲלֻצֵ֤י מוֹאָב֙ יָרִ֔יעוּ נַפְשׁ֖וֹ יָ֥רְעָה לּֽוֹ׃", "text": "*wa*-*tizʿaq* *Ḥešbôn* *wə*-*ʾElʿālê* until-*Yahaṣ* *nišmaʿ* *qôlām* upon-*kēn* *ḥălûṣê* *Môʾāḇ* *yārîʿû* *napšô* *yārʿâ* to him", "grammar": { "*wa*": "conjunction with sequential imperfect - and", "*tizʿaq*": "qal imperfect, 3rd feminine singular - cries out", "*Ḥešbôn*": "proper noun - Heshbon (city)", "*wə*": "conjunction - and", "*ʾElʿālê*": "proper noun - Elealeh (city)", "*Yahaṣ*": "proper noun - Jahaz (city)", "*nišmaʿ*": "niphal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - is heard", "*qôlām*": "noun, masculine, singular construct with 3rd masculine plural suffix - their voice", "*kēn*": "adverb - thus/therefore", "*ḥălûṣê*": "noun, masculine, plural construct - armed men of", "*Môʾāḇ*": "proper noun - Moab", "*yārîʿû*": "hiphil imperfect, 3rd masculine plural - they raise a war cry/shout", "*napšô*": "noun, feminine, singular construct with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his soul", "*yārʿâ*": "qal perfect, 3rd feminine singular - trembles/is terrified" }, "variants": { "*tizʿaq*": "cries out/shrieks", "*nišmaʿ*": "is heard/was heard", "*ḥălûṣê*": "armed men of/warriors of", "*yārîʿû*": "they raise a war cry/shout/make alarm", "*napšô*": "his soul/life/inner being", "*yārʿâ*": "trembles/is terrified/quakes" } } 5 { "verseID": "Isaiah.15.5", "source": "לִבִּי֙ לְמוֹאָ֣ב יִזְעָ֔ק בְּרִיחֶ֕הָ עַד־צֹ֖עַר עֶגְלַ֣ת שְׁלִשִׁיָּ֑ה כִּ֣י ׀ מַעֲלֵ֣ה הַלּוּחִ֗ית בִּבְכִי֙ יַֽעֲלֶה־בּ֔וֹ כִּ֚י דֶּ֣רֶךְ חוֹרֹנַ֔יִם זַעֲקַת־שֶׁ֖בֶר יְעֹעֵֽרוּ׃", "text": "*libbî* for *Môʾāḇ* *yizʿāq* in *bĕrîḥehâ* until-*Ṣôʿar* *ʿeḡlat* *šĕlišîyâ* *kî* *maʿălê* the *Lûḥît* in *beḵî* *yaʿăleh*-in it *kî* *dereḵ* *Ḥôrōnayim* *zaʿăqat*-*šeḇer* *yeʿōʿērû*", "grammar": { "*libbî*": "noun, masculine, singular construct with 1st singular suffix - my heart", "*Môʾāḇ*": "proper noun with preposition - for Moab", "*yizʿāq*": "qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - cries out", "*bĕrîḥehâ*": "noun, masculine, singular construct with 3rd feminine singular suffix with preposition - in her fleeing/fugitives", "*Ṣôʿar*": "proper noun - Zoar (city)", "*ʿeḡlat*": "noun, feminine, construct - heifer of", "*šĕlišîyâ*": "adjective, feminine, singular - third/three years old", "*kî*": "conjunction - for/because", "*maʿălê*": "noun, masculine, singular construct - ascent of", "*Lûḥît*": "proper noun with definite article - the Luhith", "*beḵî*": "noun, masculine, singular - weeping", "*yaʿăleh*": "qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - he goes up", "*dereḵ*": "noun, feminine, singular construct - way of/road to", "*Ḥôrōnayim*": "proper noun - Horonaim (city)", "*zaʿăqat*": "noun, feminine, singular construct - cry of", "*šeḇer*": "noun, masculine, singular - destruction/breaking", "*yeʿōʿērû*": "pilpel imperfect, 3rd masculine plural - they raise" }, "variants": { "*libbî*": "my heart/inner being", "*yizʿāq*": "cries out/shrieks", "*bĕrîḥehâ*": "her fleeing/fugitives/refugees/bars", "*ʿeḡlat šĕlišîyâ*": "heifer of three years/third heifer (possibly a place name)", "*beḵî*": "weeping/crying", "*yaʿăleh*": "he goes up/ascends", "*zaʿăqat-šeḇer*": "cry of destruction/breaking/ruin", "*yeʿōʿērû*": "they raise/lift up/rouse" } }
• Jer 46:20 : 20 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.46.20", "source": "עֶגְלָ֥ה יְפֵֽה־פִיָּ֖ה מִצְרָ֑יִם קֶ֥רֶץ מִצָּפ֖וֹן בָּ֥א בָֽא׃", "text": "*ʿEglāh* *yəpêh*-*piyyāh* *Miṣrāyim*; *qereṣ* from-*ṣāpôn* *bāʾ* *ḇāʾ*.", "grammar": { "*ʿeglāh*": "noun, feminine singular - heifer", "*yəpêh*": "adjective, feminine singular, construct state - beautiful", "*piyyāh*": "noun, feminine singular with 3rd feminine singular suffix - its appearance", "*Miṣrāyim*": "proper name - Egypt", "*qereṣ*": "noun, masculine singular - destruction", "*ṣāpôn*": "noun, masculine singular with preposition (מִן) - from north", "*bāʾ*": "qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - it is coming", "*ḇāʾ*": "qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - it is coming (repetition for emphasis)" }, "variants": { "*ʿeglāh*": "heifer/young cow", "*yəpêh*-*piyyāh*": "beautiful of appearance/very beautiful", "*qereṣ*": "destruction/gadfly/stinging insect", "*bāʾ* *ḇāʾ*": "is surely coming/definitely coming (emphatic repetition)" } }
• Jer 1:14 : 14 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.1.14", "source": "וַיֹּ֥אמֶר יְהוָ֖ה אֵלָ֑י מִצָּפוֹן֙ תִּפָּתַ֣ח הָרָעָ֔ה עַ֥ל כָּל־יֹשְׁבֵ֖י הָאָֽרֶץ׃", "text": "*wa-yōʾmer* *YHWH* *ʾēlāy* from-*ṣāpôn* *tippātaḥ* *hā-rāʿāh* upon all-*yōšĕbê* *hā-ʾāreṣ*", "grammar": { "*wa-yōʾmer*": "waw-consecutive with Qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and he said", "*YHWH*": "divine name - Yahweh/LORD", "*ʾēlāy*": "preposition with 1st person singular suffix - to me", "*ṣāpôn*": "singular noun - north", "*tippātaḥ*": "Niphal imperfect 3rd feminine singular - will be opened/will break forth", "*hā-rāʿāh*": "definite article + feminine singular noun - the evil/disaster", "*yōšĕbê*": "Qal participle masculine plural construct - dwellers/inhabitants of", "*hā-ʾāreṣ*": "definite article + feminine singular noun - the land/earth" }, "variants": { "*tippātaḥ*": "will be opened/will break forth/will be let loose", "*hā-rāʿāh*": "the evil/the disaster/the calamity", "*hā-ʾāreṣ*": "the land/the earth/the country/the territory" } }
• Jer 8:16 : 16 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.8.16", "source": "מִדָּ֤ן נִשְׁמַע֙ נַחְרַ֣ת סוּסָ֔יו מִקּוֹל֙ מִצְהֲל֣וֹת אַבִּירָ֔יו רָעֲשָׁ֖ה כָּל־הָאָ֑רֶץ וַיָּב֗וֹאוּ וַיֹּֽאכְלוּ֙ אֶ֣רֶץ וּמְלוֹאָ֔הּ עִ֖יר וְיֹ֥שְׁבֵי בָֽהּ׃", "text": "From-*Dān* *nišmaʿ* *naḥrat* *sûsāyw*, from-*qôl* *miṣhălôt* *ʾabbîrāyw* *rāʿăšāh* all-the-*ʾāreṣ*; and-they *wayyābôʾû* and-they *wayyōʾkᵊlû* *ʾereṣ* and-*mᵊlôʾāh*, *ʿîr* and-*yōšᵊbê* in-it.", "grammar": { "*Dān*": "proper name - Dan", "*nišmaʿ*": "niphal perfect 3rd person masculine singular - is heard", "*naḥrat*": "construct state - snorting of", "*sûsāyw*": "plural noun with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his horses", "*qôl*": "construct state - sound of", "*miṣhălôt*": "construct plural - neighings of", "*ʾabbîrāyw*": "plural adjective with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his strong ones", "*rāʿăšāh*": "qal perfect 3rd person feminine singular - she trembles", "*ʾāreṣ*": "noun with definite article - the land/earth", "*wayyābôʾû*": "qal imperfect 3rd person masculine plural with waw consecutive - and they came", "*wayyōʾkᵊlû*": "qal imperfect 3rd person masculine plural with waw consecutive - and they devoured", "*ʾereṣ*": "noun - land/earth", "*mᵊlôʾāh*": "noun with 3rd person feminine singular suffix - its fullness", "*ʿîr*": "noun - city", "*yōšᵊbê*": "qal participle masculine plural construct - dwellers of" }, "variants": { "*nišmaʿ*": "is heard/is perceived", "*naḥrat*": "snorting/snorting sound", "*sûsāyw*": "his horses/steeds", "*qôl*": "sound/voice/noise", "*miṣhălôt*": "neighings/whinnying", "*ʾabbîrāyw*": "his strong ones/stallions/mighty ones", "*rāʿăšāh*": "trembles/quakes/shakes", "*ʾāreṣ*": "land/earth/territory", "*wayyābôʾû*": "they came/entered/arrived", "*wayyōʾkᵊlû*": "they devoured/consumed/ate", "*mᵊlôʾāh*": "its fullness/abundance/all that fills it", "*yōšᵊbê*": "dwellers/inhabitants/residents" } }
• Isa 8:7-8 : 7 { "verseID": "Isaiah.8.7", "source": "וְלָכֵ֡ן הִנֵּ֣ה אֲדֹנָי֩ מַעֲלֶ֨ה עֲלֵיהֶ֜ם אֶת־מֵ֣י הַנָּהָ֗ר הָעֲצוּמִים֙ וְהָ֣רַבִּ֔ים אֶת־מֶ֥לֶךְ אַשּׁ֖וּר וְאֶת־כָּל־כְּבוֹד֑וֹ וְעָלָה֙ עַל־כָּל־אֲפִיקָ֔יו וְהָלַ֖ךְ עַל־כָּל־גְּדוֹתָֽיו׃", "text": "*wə-lākēn hinnēh ʾădōnāy maʿăleh* upon-them *ʾet*-*mê ha-nāhār hā-ʿăṣûmîm* and-*hā-rabbîm* *ʾet*-*melek* *ʾaššûr* and-*ʾet*-all-*kəbôdô* and-*ʿālāh* over-all-*ʾăpîqāyw* and-*hālak* over-all-*gədôtāyw*", "grammar": { "*wə-lākēn*": "conjunction + adverb - and therefore", "*hinnēh*": "interjection - behold/look", "*ʾădōnāy*": "divine title - Lord/Master", "*maʿăleh*": "hiphil participle masculine singular - bringing up/causing to rise", "*mê*": "noun masculine plural construct - waters of", "*ha-nāhār*": "definite article + noun masculine singular - the river", "*hā-ʿăṣûmîm*": "definite article + adjective masculine plural - the mighty/strong", "*hā-rabbîm*": "definite article + adjective masculine plural - the many/abundant", "*melek*": "noun masculine singular construct - king of", "*ʾaššûr*": "proper noun - Assyria", "*kəbôdô*": "noun masculine singular + 3rd masculine singular suffix - his glory", "*ʿālāh*": "qal perfect 3rd masculine singular - he will rise/go up", "*ʾăpîqāyw*": "noun masculine plural + 3rd masculine singular suffix - its channels", "*hālak*": "qal perfect 3rd masculine singular - he will go/walk", "*gədôtāyw*": "noun feminine plural + 3rd masculine singular suffix - its banks" }, "variants": { "*mê ha-nāhār*": "waters of the river (metaphor for Assyrian invasion)", "*hā-ʿăṣûmîm*": "mighty/strong/powerful", "*hā-rabbîm*": "many/abundant/numerous", "*kəbôdô*": "his glory/his honor/his splendor/his might", "*ʾăpîqāyw*": "its channels/its streams/its watercourses", "*gədôtāyw*": "its banks/its shores" } } 8 { "verseID": "Isaiah.8.8", "source": "וְחָלַ֤ף בִּֽיהוּדָה֙ שָׁטַ֣ף וְעָבַ֔ר עַד־צַוָּ֖אר יַגִּ֑יעַ וְהָיָה֙ מֻטּ֣וֹת כְּנָפָ֔יו מְלֹ֥א רֹֽחַב־אַרְצְךָ֖ עִמָּ֥נוּ אֵֽל׃", "text": "*wə-ḥālap* in-*yəhûdāh* *šāṭap* and-*ʿābar* until-*ṣawwāʾr* *yaggîaʿ* and-*hāyāh* *muṭṭôt* *kənāpāyw* *məlōʾ* *rōḥab*-*ʾarṣəkā* *ʿimmānû ʾēl*", "grammar": { "*wə-ḥālap*": "waw consecutive + qal perfect 3rd masculine singular - and it will sweep/rush", "*bîhûdāh*": "preposition + proper noun - into Judah", "*šāṭap*": "qal perfect 3rd masculine singular - it will overflow/flood", "*ʿābar*": "qal perfect 3rd masculine singular - it will pass over", "*ṣawwāʾr*": "noun masculine singular - neck", "*yaggîaʿ*": "hiphil imperfect 3rd masculine singular - it will reach", "*hāyāh*": "qal perfect 3rd masculine singular - it will be", "*muṭṭôt*": "noun feminine plural construct - spreading of", "*kənāpāyw*": "noun feminine dual + 3rd masculine singular suffix - his wings", "*məlōʾ*": "noun masculine singular construct - fullness of", "*rōḥab*": "noun masculine singular construct - breadth/width of", "*ʾarṣəkā*": "noun feminine singular + 2nd masculine singular suffix - your land", "*ʿimmānû ʾēl*": "proper noun compound - Immanuel/God with us" }, "variants": { "*ḥālap*": "sweep through/rush through/pass through", "*šāṭap*": "overflow/flood/inundate", "*ʿābar*": "pass over/cross/go through", "*ṣawwāʾr*": "neck (metaphor for severity of invasion)", "*muṭṭôt kənāpāyw*": "stretching out of his wings/spreading of his wings", "*ʿimmānû ʾēl*": "Immanuel/God with us (can be read as a name or a statement)" } }
• Isa 14:31 : 31 { "verseID": "Isaiah.14.31", "source": "הֵילִ֤ילִֽי שַׁ֙עַר֙ זַֽעֲקִי־עִ֔יר נָמ֖וֹג פְּלֶ֣שֶׁת כֻּלֵּ֑ךְ כִּ֤י מִצָּפוֹן֙ עָשָׁ֣ן בָּ֔א וְאֵ֥ין בּוֹדֵ֖ד בְּמוֹעָדָֽיו׃", "text": "*hêlîlî* *šaʿar*, *zaʿăqî*-*ʿîr*, *nāmôg* *pǝlešet* all-of-you; for from-*ṣāp̄ôn* *ʿāšān* *bāʾ*, and-none *bôdēd* in-*môʿādāyw*.", "grammar": { "*hêlîlî*": "hiphil imperative, feminine singular - wail", "*šaʿar*": "masculine singular noun - gate", "*zaʿăqî*": "qal imperative, feminine singular - cry out", "*ʿîr*": "feminine singular noun - city", "*nāmôg*": "niphal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - melted/dissolved", "*pǝlešet*": "proper noun - Philistia", "*ṣāp̄ôn*": "masculine singular noun - north", "*ʿāšān*": "masculine singular noun - smoke", "*bāʾ*": "qal active participle, masculine singular - coming", "*bôdēd*": "qal active participle, masculine singular - being alone/straggling", "*môʿādāyw*": "masculine plural noun with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his ranks/appointed places" }, "variants": { "*hêlîlî*": "wail/howl/lament", "*zaʿăqî*": "cry out/scream/call out", "*nāmôg*": "melted/dissolved/disintegrated", "*ʿāšān*": "smoke/cloud", "*bôdēd*": "being alone/straggling/separated", "*môʿādāyw*": "his ranks/his appointed places/his assemblies/his troops" } }
• Jer 46:6-8 : 6 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.46.6", "source": "אַל־יָנ֣וּס הַקַּ֔ל וְאַל־יִמָּלֵ֖ט הַגִּבּ֑וֹר צָפ֙וֹנָה֙ עַל־יַ֣ד נְהַר־פְּרָ֔ת כָּשְׁל֖וּ וְנָפָֽלוּ׃", "text": "*ʾal*-*yānûs* the-*qal* *wə*-*ʾal*-*yimmālēṭ* the-*gibbôr*; northward by-*yad* *nəhar*-*Pərāt* *kāšəlû* *wə*-*nāpālû*.", "grammar": { "*ʾal*-*yānûs*": "negative particle + qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular, jussive - let not flee", "*qal*": "adjective, masculine singular with definite article - the swift", "*wə*-*ʾal*-*yimmālēṭ*": "conjunction + negative particle + niphal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular, jussive - and let not escape", "*gibbôr*": "adjective, masculine singular with definite article - the mighty man", "*ṣāpônāh*": "noun, feminine singular with directional suffix - northward", "*yad*": "noun, feminine singular, construct state with preposition (עַל) - by the side of", "*nəhar*-*Pərāt*": "noun, masculine singular, construct + proper name - river of Euphrates", "*kāšəlû*": "qal perfect, 3rd common plural - they have stumbled", "*wə*-*nāpālû*": "conjunction + qal perfect, 3rd common plural - and they have fallen" }, "variants": { "*yānûs*": "flee/escape/run away", "*qal*": "swift/light/nimble", "*yimmālēṭ*": "escape/deliver himself/slip away", "*gibbôr*": "mighty man/warrior/hero", "*yad*": "hand/side/bank", "*kāšəlû*": "stumbled/staggered/failed", "*nāpālû*": "fallen/collapsed/been defeated" } } 7 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.46.7", "source": "מִי־זֶ֖ה כַּיְאֹ֣ר יַֽעֲלֶ֑ה כַּנְּהָר֕וֹת יִֽתְגָּעֲשׁ֖וּ מֵימָֽיו׃", "text": "Who-*zeh* like-the-*yəʾōr* *yaʿăleh*; like-the-*nəhārôt* *yitgāʿăšû* *mêmāyw*?", "grammar": { "*mî*-*zeh*": "interrogative pronoun + demonstrative pronoun - who is this", "*ka*-*yəʾōr*": "preposition of comparison + noun, masculine singular with definite article - like the Nile", "*yaʿăleh*": "qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - rises/comes up", "*ka*-*nəhārôt*": "preposition of comparison + noun, masculine plural - like the rivers", "*yitgāʿăšû*": "hithpael imperfect, 3rd masculine plural - surge/toss about", "*mêmāyw*": "noun, masculine plural construct with 3rd masculine singular suffix - its waters" }, "variants": { "*yəʾōr*": "Nile/river/stream (especially referring to the Nile)", "*yaʿăleh*": "rises/comes up/ascends", "*nəhārôt*": "rivers/streams", "*yitgāʿăšû*": "surge/toss about/roar" } } 8 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.46.8", "source": "מִצְרַ֙יִם֙ כַּיְאֹ֣ר יַֽעֲלֶ֔ה וְכַנְּהָר֖וֹת יִתְגֹּ֣עֲשׁוּ מָ֑יִם וַיֹּ֗אמֶר אַֽעֲלֶה֙ אֲכַסֶּה־אֶ֔רֶץ אֹבִ֥ידָה עִ֖יר וְיֹ֥שְׁבֵי בָֽהּ׃", "text": "*Miṣrayim* like-the-*yəʾōr* *yaʿăleh*, and-like-the-*nəhārôt* *yitgōʿăšû* *māyim*. *Wayyōʾmer*: '*ʾaʿăleh* *ʾăḵasseh*-*ʾereṣ*, *ʾōḇîdāh* *ʿîr* *wə*-*yōšəḇê* in-*bāh*.'", "grammar": { "*Miṣrayim*": "proper name - Egypt", "*ka*-*yəʾōr*": "preposition of comparison + noun, masculine singular with definite article - like the Nile", "*yaʿăleh*": "qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - rises/comes up", "*wə*-*ḵa*-*nəhārôt*": "conjunction + preposition of comparison + noun, masculine plural - and like the rivers", "*yitgōʿăšû*": "hithpael imperfect, 3rd masculine plural - surge/toss about", "*māyim*": "noun, masculine plural - waters", "*wayyōʾmer*": "consecutive waw + qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he says", "*ʾaʿăleh*": "qal imperfect, 1st singular cohortative - I will rise/go up", "*ʾăḵasseh*": "piel imperfect, 1st singular cohortative - I will cover", "*ʾereṣ*": "noun, feminine singular - land/earth", "*ʾōḇîdāh*": "hiphil imperfect, 1st singular cohortative - I will destroy", "*ʿîr*": "noun, feminine singular - city", "*wə*-*yōšəḇê*": "conjunction + qal participle, masculine plural construct - and inhabitants of", "*bāh*": "preposition with 3rd feminine singular suffix - in it" }, "variants": { "*yaʿăleh*": "rises/comes up/ascends", "*yitgōʿăšû*": "surge/toss about/roar", "*ʾaʿăleh*": "I will rise/go up/advance", "*ʾăḵasseh*": "I will cover/overwhelm/flood", "*ʾōḇîdāh*": "I will destroy/cause to perish/ruin", "*yōšəḇê*": "inhabitants/dwellers/residents" } }
• Jer 46:13 : 13 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.46.13", "source": "הַדָּבָר֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר דִּבֶּ֣ר יְהוָ֔ה אֶֽל־יִרְמְיָ֖הוּ הַנָּבִ֑יא לָב֗וֹא נְבֽוּכַדְרֶאצַּר֙ מֶ֣לֶךְ בָּבֶ֔ל לְהַכּ֖וֹת אֶת־אֶ֥רֶץ מִצְרָֽיִם׃", "text": "The-*dāḇār* which *dibber* *YHWH* to-*Yirməyāhû* the-*nāḇîʾ* about-*lāḇôʾ* *Nəḇûḵadreʾṣṣar* *meleḵ* *Bāḇel* *lə*-*hakkôt* *ʾet*-*ʾereṣ* *Miṣrāyim*.", "grammar": { "*dāḇār*": "noun, masculine singular with definite article - the word", "*ʾăšer*": "relative pronoun - which/that", "*dibber*": "piel perfect, 3rd masculine singular - spoke", "*YHWH*": "divine name", "*Yirməyāhû*": "proper name with directional preposition (אֶל) - to Jeremiah", "*nāḇîʾ*": "noun, masculine singular with definite article - the prophet", "*lāḇôʾ*": "qal infinitive construct with preposition (לְ) - about coming", "*Nəḇûḵadreʾṣṣar*": "proper name - Nebuchadnezzar", "*meleḵ*": "noun, masculine singular, construct state - king of", "*Bāḇel*": "proper name - Babylon", "*lə*-*hakkôt*": "preposition + hiphil infinitive construct - to strike", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*ʾereṣ*": "noun, feminine singular, construct state - land of", "*Miṣrāyim*": "proper name - Egypt" }, "variants": { "*dāḇār*": "word/matter/thing", "*dibber*": "spoke/said/declared", "*lāḇôʾ*": "to come/to enter/concerning the coming of", "*hakkôt*": "to strike/to smite/to attack" } }
• Jer 48:3-5 : 3 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.48.3", "source": "ק֥וֹל צְעָקָ֖ה מֵחֹֽרוֹנָ֑יִם שֹׁ֖ד וָשֶׁ֥בֶר גָּדֽוֹל׃", "text": "*qôl* *ṣᵉʿāqāh* from *Ḥōrônāyim*: *šōḏ* and *šeḇer* *gāḏôl* [great devastation and destruction].", "grammar": { "*qôl*": "noun, masculine singular construct - 'sound of/voice of'", "*ṣᵉʿāqāh*": "noun, feminine singular - 'outcry/cry'", "*mē-Ḥōrônāyim*": "preposition + proper noun - 'from Horonaim'", "*šōḏ*": "noun, masculine singular - 'devastation/destruction'", "*wā-šeḇer*": "conjunction + noun, masculine singular - 'and breaking/destruction'", "*gāḏôl*": "adjective, masculine singular - 'great/large'" }, "variants": { "*qôl ṣᵉʿāqāh*": "sound of crying/voice of distress/outcry", "*šōḏ*": "devastation/destruction/violence", "*šeḇer*": "breaking/fracture/destruction", "*gāḏôl*": "great/mighty/significant" } } 4 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.48.4", "source": "נִשְׁבְּרָ֖ה מוֹאָ֑ב הִשְׁמִ֥יעוּ זְּעָקָ֖ה *צעוריה **צְעִירֶֽיהָ׃", "text": "*nišbᵉrāh* *Môʾāḇ*; they *hišmîʿû* *zᵉʿāqāh* [have made heard a cry], her *ṣᵉʿîreyhā* [little ones].", "grammar": { "*nišbᵉrāh*": "Niphal perfect 3rd feminine singular - 'she is broken/shattered'", "*Môʾāḇ*": "proper noun - 'Moab'", "*hišmîʿû*": "Hiphil perfect 3rd plural - 'they made heard/caused to be heard'", "*zᵉʿāqāh*": "noun, feminine singular - 'outcry/cry/distress call'", "*ṣᵉʿîreyhā*": "noun, masculine plural construct + 3rd feminine singular suffix - 'her little ones/young ones'" }, "variants": { "*nišbᵉrāh*": "broken/shattered/destroyed", "*hišmîʿû*": "made heard/announced/proclaimed", "*zᵉʿāqāh*": "outcry/distress call/wailing", "*ṣᵉʿîreyhā*": "her little ones/her young ones/her children" } } 5 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.48.5", "source": "כִּ֚י מַעֲלֵ֣ה *הלחות **הַלּוּחִ֔ית בִּבְכִ֖י יַֽעֲלֶה־בֶּ֑כִי כִּ֚י בְּמוֹרַ֣ד חוֹרֹנַ֔יִם צָרֵ֥י צַֽעֲקַת־שֶׁ֖בֶר שָׁמֵֽעוּ׃", "text": "For [at] *maʿălēh* *hallûḥîṯ* with *beḵî* he *yaʿăleh-beḵî* [ascends with weeping]; for in *môraḏ* *Ḥôrōnayim* *ṣārê* *ṣaʿăqaṯ-šeḇer* *šāmēʿû* [the adversaries have heard a cry of destruction].", "grammar": { "*kî*": "conjunction - 'for/because'", "*maʿălēh*": "noun, masculine singular construct - 'ascent of'", "*hallûḥîṯ*": "article + proper noun - 'the Luhith'", "*bi-ḇḵî*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular - 'with weeping'", "*yaʿăleh*": "Qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - 'he goes up/ascends'", "*beḵî*": "noun, masculine singular - 'weeping'", "*kî*": "conjunction - 'for/because'", "*bᵉ-môraḏ*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular construct - 'in descent of'", "*Ḥôrōnayim*": "proper noun - 'Horonaim'", "*ṣārê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - 'adversaries of/distress of'", "*ṣaʿăqaṯ-šeḇer*": "noun, feminine singular construct + noun, masculine singular - 'cry of destruction'", "*šāmēʿû*": "Qal perfect 3rd plural - 'they heard'" }, "variants": { "*maʿălēh*": "ascent/slope/going up", "*bi-ḇḵî*": "with weeping/in tears", "*yaʿăleh-beḵî*": "ascends with weeping/goes up in tears", "*môraḏ*": "descent/slope/going down", "*ṣārê*": "adversaries/enemies/distresses", "*ṣaʿăqaṯ-šeḇer*": "cry of destruction/outcry of breaking" } }
• Jer 48:39 : 39 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.48.39", "source": "אֵ֥יךְ חַ֙תָּה֙ הֵילִ֔ילוּ אֵ֛יךְ הִפְנָה־עֹ֥רֶף מוֹאָ֖ב בּ֑וֹשׁ וְהָיָ֥ה מוֹאָ֛ב לִשְׂחֹ֥ק וְלִמְחִתָּ֖ה לְכָל־סְבִיבָֽיו׃ ס", "text": "How *ḥattāh* *hēylîlû*! How *hiphənāh-ʿōreph* *Môʾāb* *bôsh*! *wə-hāyāh* *Môʾāb* for *śəḥōq* and for *məḥittāh* to all *səbîbāyw*.", "grammar": { "*ḥattāh*": "3rd person feminine singular perfect - is broken/shattered/dismayed", "*hēylîlû*": "imperative plural - wail/howl", "*hiphənāh-ʿōreph*": "3rd person singular Hiphil perfect with noun - has turned (the) neck/back", "*Môʾāb*": "proper noun - Moab", "*bôsh*": "3rd person masculine singular perfect - is ashamed/put to shame", "*wə-hāyāh*": "conjunction with 3rd person masculine singular perfect - and has become", "*śəḥōq*": "masculine singular noun - derision/laughter/mockery", "*məḥittāh*": "feminine singular noun - terror/dismay/ruin", "*səbîbāyw*": "masculine plural noun with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - its surroundings/neighbors" }, "variants": { "*ḥattāh*": "is broken/is shattered/is dismayed/is terrified", "*hēylîlû*": "wail/howl/lament", "*hiphənāh-ʿōreph*": "turned the back/fled/retreated", "*bôsh*": "is ashamed/is disgraced/is humiliated", "*məḥittāh*": "terror/dismay/ruin/object of horror" } }
• Dan 11:22 : 22 { "verseID": "Daniel.11.22", "source": "וּזְרֹע֥וֹת הַשֶּׁ֛טֶף יִשָּׁטְפ֥וּ מִלְּפָנָ֖יו וְיִשָּׁבֵ֑רוּ וְגַ֖ם נְגִ֥יד בְּרִֽית׃", "text": "*û-zrōʿôt* *ha-šeṭep* *yiššāṭpû* *mi-lə-pānāyw* *wə-yiššābērû* *wə-gam* *nəgîd* *bərît*", "grammar": { "*û-zrōʿôt*": "conjunction + noun, feminine plural construct - and arms/powers of", "*ha-šeṭep*": "article + noun, masculine singular - the flood/overflow", "*yiššāṭpû*": "imperfect niphal, 3rd masculine plural - they will be swept away", "*mi-lə-pānāyw*": "preposition + preposition + noun, masculine plural with 3rd masculine singular suffix - from before him", "*wə-yiššābērû*": "conjunction + imperfect niphal, 3rd masculine plural - and they will be broken/shattered", "*wə-gam*": "conjunction + adverb - and also", "*nəgîd*": "noun, masculine singular construct - leader/ruler of", "*bərît*": "noun, feminine singular - covenant" }, "variants": { "*zrōʿôt*": "arms/powers/forces/strength", "*šeṭep*": "flood/overflow/outpouring/inundation", "*yiššāṭpû*": "be swept away/be overwhelmed/be washed away", "*mi-lə-pānāyw*": "from before him/from his presence", "*yiššābērû*": "be broken/be shattered/be destroyed", "*nəgîd*": "prince/leader/ruler/commander", "*bərît*": "covenant/alliance/treaty/agreement" } }
• Amos 9:5-6 : 5 { "verseID": "Amos.9.5", "source": "וַאדֹנָ֨י יְהוִ֜ה הַצְּבָא֗וֹת הַנּוֹגֵ֤עַ בָּאָ֙רֶץ֙ וַתָּמ֔וֹג וְאָבְל֖וּ כָּל־י֣וֹשְׁבֵי בָ֑הּ וְעָלְתָ֤ה כַיְאֹר֙ כֻּלָּ֔הּ וְשָׁקְעָ֖ה כִּיאֹ֥ר מִצְרָֽיִם", "text": "*waʾdōnāy* *YHWH* *haṣṣəbāʾôt* *hannôgēaʿ* *bāʾāreṣ* *wattāmôg* *wəʾābəlû* *kol*-*yôšəbê* *bāh* *wəʿālətāh* *kaʾōr* *kullāh* *wəšāqəʿāh* *kîʾōr* *miṣrāyim*", "grammar": { "*waʾdōnāy*": "waw conjunction + proper noun - and the Lord", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - Yahweh", "*haṣṣəbāʾôt*": "definite article + noun feminine plural - of hosts/armies", "*hannôgēaʿ*": "definite article + Qal participle masculine singular - the one who touches", "*bāʾāreṣ*": "preposition + definite article + noun feminine singular - the earth/land", "*wattāmôg*": "waw consecutive + Qal imperfect 3rd feminine singular - and it melts", "*wəʾābəlû*": "waw conjunction + Qal perfect 3rd common plural - and they mourn", "*kol*": "noun masculine singular construct - all of", "*yôšəbê*": "Qal participle masculine plural construct - dwellers of", "*bāh*": "preposition + 3rd feminine singular suffix - in it", "*wəʿālətāh*": "waw conjunction + Qal perfect 3rd feminine singular - and it rises", "*kaʾōr*": "preposition + noun masculine singular - like the Nile", "*kullāh*": "noun masculine singular construct + 3rd feminine singular suffix - all of it", "*wəšāqəʿāh*": "waw conjunction + Qal perfect 3rd feminine singular - and it sinks", "*kîʾōr*": "preposition + noun masculine singular - like the Nile of", "*miṣrāyim*": "proper noun - Egypt" }, "variants": { "*waʾdōnāy*": "and the Lord/Master/Sovereign", "*haṣṣəbāʾôt*": "of hosts/armies/heavenly forces", "*hannôgēaʿ*": "who touches/strikes/affects", "*bāʾāreṣ*": "the earth/land/ground", "*wattāmôg*": "and it melts/dissolves/flows away", "*wəʾābəlû*": "and they mourn/lament", "*yôšəbê*": "dwellers/inhabitants/residents", "*wəʿālətāh*": "and it rises/goes up", "*kaʾōr*": "like the Nile/river", "*wəšāqəʿāh*": "and it sinks/subsides", "*kîʾōr*": "like the Nile of" } } 6 { "verseID": "Amos.9.6", "source": "הַבּוֹנֶ֤ה בַשָּׁמַ֙יִם֙ *מעלותו **מַעֲלוֹתָ֔יו וַאֲגֻדָּת֖וֹ עַל־אֶ֣רֶץ יְסָדָ֑הּ הַקֹּרֵ֣א לְמֵֽי־הַיָּ֗ם וַֽיִּשְׁפְּכֵ֛ם עַל־פְּנֵ֥י הָאָ֖רֶץ יְהוָ֥ה שְׁמֽוֹ׃", "text": "*habbôneh* *baššāmayim* *maʿălôtāyw* *waʾăguddātô* *ʿal*-*ʾereṣ* *yəsādāh* *haqqōrēʾ* *ləmê*-*hayyām* *wayyišpəkēm* *ʿal*-*pənê* *hāʾāreṣ* *YHWH* *šəmô*", "grammar": { "*habbôneh*": "definite article + Qal participle masculine singular - the one who builds", "*baššāmayim*": "preposition + definite article + noun masculine plural - in the heavens", "*maʿălôtāyw*": "noun feminine plural construct + 3rd masculine singular suffix - his upper chambers", "*waʾăguddātô*": "waw conjunction + noun feminine singular construct + 3rd masculine singular suffix - and his vault/bundle", "*ʿal*": "preposition - upon", "*ʾereṣ*": "noun feminine singular - earth/land", "*yəsādāh*": "Qal perfect 3rd masculine singular + 3rd feminine singular suffix - he has founded it", "*haqqōrēʾ*": "definite article + Qal participle masculine singular - the one who calls", "*ləmê*": "preposition + noun masculine plural construct - to the waters of", "*hayyām*": "definite article + noun masculine singular - the sea", "*wayyišpəkēm*": "waw consecutive + Qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular + 3rd masculine plural suffix - and he pours them out", "*ʿal*": "preposition - upon", "*pənê*": "noun masculine plural construct - face/surface of", "*hāʾāreṣ*": "definite article + noun feminine singular - the earth/land", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - Yahweh", "*šəmô*": "noun masculine singular construct + 3rd masculine singular suffix - his name" }, "variants": { "*habbôneh*": "the one who builds/establishes/constructs", "*baššāmayim*": "in the heavens/sky", "*maʿălôtāyw*": "his upper chambers/stairs/steps", "*waʾăguddātô*": "and his vault/bundle/arch", "*yəsādāh*": "he has founded/established it", "*haqqōrēʾ*": "the one who calls/summons", "*ləmê*": "to the waters of", "*wayyišpəkēm*": "and he pours them out/spills them", "*pənê*": "face/surface of", "*šəmô*": "his name/reputation/renown" } }
• Nah 1:8 : 8 { "verseID": "Nahum.1.8", "source": "וּבְשֶׁ֣טֶף עֹבֵ֔ר כָּלָ֖ה יַעֲשֶׂ֣ה מְקוֹמָ֑הּ וְאֹיְבָ֖יו יְרַדֶּף־חֹֽשֶׁךְ׃", "text": "*Û-bəšeṭep* *ʿōbēr* *kālāh* *yaʿăśeh* *məqômāh* *wə-ʾōyəbāyw* *yəraddep-ḥōšek*", "grammar": { "*Û-bəšeṭep*": "conjunction + preposition + noun, masculine, singular - and with an overflowing flood", "*ʿōbēr*": "Qal participle, masculine, singular - passing/overflowing", "*kālāh*": "noun, feminine, singular - complete destruction", "*yaʿăśeh*": "Qal imperfect, 3ms - he will make", "*məqômāh*": "noun, masculine, singular + 3fs suffix - her place", "*wə-ʾōyəbāyw*": "conjunction + noun, masculine, plural + 3ms suffix - and his enemies", "*yəraddep*": "Piel imperfect, 3ms - he will pursue", "*ḥōšek*": "noun, masculine, singular - darkness" }, "variants": { "*šeṭep*": "overflowing flood/overwhelming torrent", "*ʿōbēr*": "passing/overflowing/sweeping through", "*kālāh*": "complete destruction/annihilation/end", "*yaʿăśeh* *məqômāh*": "will make her place/will destroy its place/will make an end of its site", "*yəraddep-ḥōšek*": "will pursue into darkness/will chase into the dark" } }
• Zeph 1:10-11 : 10 { "verseID": "Zephaniah.1.10", "source": "וְהָיָה֩ בַיּ֨וֹם הַה֜וּא נְאֻם־יְהוָ֗ה ק֤וֹל צְעָקָה֙ מִשַּׁ֣עַר הַדָּגִ֔ים וִֽילָלָ֖ה מִן־הַמִּשְׁנֶ֑ה וְשֶׁ֥בֶר גָּד֖וֹל מֵהַגְּבָעֽוֹת׃", "text": "*wəhāyāh* in-*hayyôm* *hahûʾ*, *nəʾum*-*YHWH*, *qôl* *ṣəʿāqāh* from-*šaʿar* *haddāḡîm*, *wîlālāh* from-*hammišneh*, *wəšeḇer* *gāḏôl* from-*haggəḇāʿôṯ*.", "grammar": { "*wəhāyāh*": "conjunction + qal perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - and it will be", "*hayyôm*": "noun, masculine singular with definite article - the day", "*hahûʾ*": "demonstrative pronoun, masculine singular - that", "*nəʾum*": "construct state, masculine singular - declaration/oracle of", "*YHWH*": "divine name, tetragrammaton", "*qôl*": "noun, masculine singular construct - sound of", "*ṣəʿāqāh*": "noun, feminine singular - outcry/cry", "*šaʿar*": "noun, masculine singular construct - gate of", "*haddāḡîm*": "noun, masculine plural with definite article - the fish", "*wîlālāh*": "conjunction + noun, feminine singular - and wailing", "*hammišneh*": "noun, masculine singular with definite article - the Second Quarter (district)", "*wəšeḇer*": "conjunction + noun, masculine singular construct - and crash/breaking of", "*gāḏôl*": "adjective, masculine singular - great/loud", "*haggəḇāʿôṯ*": "noun, feminine plural with definite article - the hills" }, "variants": { "*qôl ṣəʿāqāh*": "sound of outcry/cry of distress", "*šaʿar haddāḡîm*": "Fish Gate (a gate in Jerusalem)", "*hammišneh*": "the Second Quarter/New Quarter (district of Jerusalem)", "*wəšeḇer*": "breaking/crash/destruction", "*haggəḇāʿôṯ*": "the hills (possibly referring to hills in Jerusalem)" } } 11 { "verseID": "Zephaniah.1.11", "source": "הֵילִ֖ילוּ יֹשְׁבֵ֣י הַמַּכְתֵּ֑שׁ כִּ֤י נִדְמָה֙ כָּל־עַ֣ם כְּנַ֔עַן נִכְרְת֖וּ כָּל־נְטִ֥ילֵי כָֽסֶף׃", "text": "*hêlîlû* *yōšḇê* *hammakṯêš*, *kî* *niḏmāh* *kol*-*ʿam* *Kənaʿan*, *niḵrəṯû* *kol*-*nəṭîlê* *ḵāsep̄*.", "grammar": { "*hêlîlû*": "hiphil imperative, masculine plural - wail/howl", "*yōšḇê*": "qal participle, masculine plural construct - inhabitants/dwellers of", "*hammakṯêš*": "noun, masculine singular with definite article - the Mortar (district)", "*kî*": "conjunction - for/because", "*niḏmāh*": "niphal perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - is destroyed/silenced/cut off", "*kol*": "construct state, masculine singular - all of", "*ʿam*": "noun, masculine singular construct - people of", "*Kənaʿan*": "proper name, Canaan", "*niḵrəṯû*": "niphal perfect, 3rd person plural - are cut off", "*kol*": "construct state, masculine singular - all of", "*nəṭîlê*": "qal passive participle, masculine plural construct - bearers/weighers of", "*ḵāsep̄*": "noun, masculine singular - silver/money" }, "variants": { "*hammakṯêš*": "the Mortar (valley or district in Jerusalem, possibly merchants' quarter)", "*niḏmāh*": "is destroyed/silenced/cut off/brought to an end", "*ʿam Kənaʿan*": "people of Canaan/merchant people (Canaanites were associated with trade)", "*nəṭîlê ḵāsep̄*": "bearers of silver/those who weigh out silver/money handlers/traders" } }
• 1 Cor 10:26 : 26 { "verseID": "1 Corinthians.10.26", "source": "Τοῦ γὰρ Κυρίου ἡ γῆ, καὶ τὸ πλήρωμα αὐτῆς.", "text": "Of the *gar* *Kyriou* the *gē*, and the *plērōma* of it", "grammar": { "*gar*": "explanatory particle - for/because", "*Kyriou*": "genitive, masculine, singular - Lord", "*gē*": "nominative, feminine, singular - earth/land", "*plērōma*": "nominative, neuter, singular - fullness/that which fills" }, "variants": { "*Kyriou*": "Lord/master", "*gē*": "earth/land/world", "*plērōma*": "fullness/that which fills/contents" } }
• 1 Cor 10:28 : 28 { "verseID": "1 Corinthians.10.28", "source": "Ἐὰν δέ τις ὑμῖν εἴπῃ, Τοῦτο εἰδωλόθυτόν ἐστιν, μὴ ἐσθίετε διʼ ἐκεῖνον τὸν μηνύσαντα, καὶ τὴν συνείδησιν: τοῦ γὰρ Κυρίου ἡ γῆ, καὶ τὸ πλήρωμα αὐτῆς:", "text": "If *de* anyone to you *eipē*, This *eidōlothyton* *estin*, not *esthiete* through that one *mēnysanta*, and the *syneidēsin*: of the *gar* *Kyriou* the *gē*, and the *plērōma* of it", "grammar": { "*de*": "postpositive particle - but/and/now", "*eipē*": "aorist subjunctive, 3rd person singular - might say", "*eidōlothyton*": "nominative, neuter, singular - food offered to idols", "*estin*": "present indicative, 3rd person singular - is", "*esthiete*": "present imperative, 2nd person plural - eat", "*mēnysanta*": "aorist participle, accusative, masculine, singular - having informed/disclosed", "*syneidēsin*": "accusative, feminine, singular - conscience", "*gar*": "explanatory particle - for/because", "*Kyriou*": "genitive, masculine, singular - Lord", "*gē*": "nominative, feminine, singular - earth/land", "*plērōma*": "nominative, neuter, singular - fullness/that which fills" }, "variants": { "*eipē*": "might say/tell/inform", "*eidōlothyton*": "food offered to idols/meat sacrificed to idols", "*mēnysanta*": "having informed/disclosed/revealed", "*syneidēsin*": "conscience/moral consciousness", "*Kyriou*": "Lord/master", "*gē*": "earth/land/world", "*plērōma*": "fullness/that which fills/contents" } }
• Jas 5:1 : 1 { "verseID": "James.5.1", "source": "¶Ἄγε νῦν, οἱ πλούσιοι, κλαύσατε ὀλολύζοντες ἐπὶ ταῖς ταλαιπωρίαις ὑμῶν ταῖς ἐπερχομέναις.", "text": "*Age nyn*, the *plousioi*, *klausate ololyzontes epi* the *talaipōriais* of you the *eperchomenais*.", "grammar": { "*Age*": "imperative, 2nd singular - come now/go to", "*nyn*": "adverb - now", "*plousioi*": "nominative, masculine, plural - rich (ones)", "*klausate*": "aorist imperative, 2nd plural - weep/mourn", "*ololyzontes*": "present participle, nominative, masculine, plural - wailing/howling", "*epi*": "preposition + dative - upon/over/because of", "*talaipōriais*": "dative, feminine, plural - miseries/hardships", "*eperchomenais*": "present participle, dative, feminine, plural - coming upon/approaching" }, "variants": { "*Age*": "come/come now/go to (interjection)", "*ololyzontes*": "howling/wailing/lamenting loudly", "*talaipōriais*": "miseries/distresses/hardships/calamities", "*eperchomenais*": "coming upon/approaching/impending" } }
• Rev 12:15-16 : 15 { "verseID": "Revelation.12.15", "source": "Καὶ ἔβαλεν ὁ ὄφις εκʼ τοῦ στόματος αὐτοῦ ὀπίσω τῆς γυναικὸς ὕδωρ ὡς ποταμόν, ἵνα αὐτὴν ποταμοφόρητον ποιήσῃ.", "text": "And *ebalen* the *ophis ek* the *stomatos* of him *opisō* of the *gynaikos hydōr hōs potamon*, *hina* her *potamophorēton poiēsē*.", "grammar": { "*ebalen*": "aorist active, 3rd singular - cast/threw", "*ophis*": "nominative, masculine, singular - serpent", "*ek*": "preposition + genitive - out of/from", "*stomatos*": "genitive, neuter, singular - mouth", "*opisō*": "preposition + genitive - after/behind", "*gynaikos*": "genitive, feminine, singular - woman", "*hydōr*": "accusative, neuter, singular - water", "*hōs*": "comparative particle - as/like", "*potamon*": "accusative, masculine, singular - river", "*hina*": "conjunction - so that/in order that", "*potamophorēton*": "accusative, feminine, singular - carried away by river", "*poiēsē*": "aorist active subjunctive, 3rd singular - he might make/cause" }, "variants": { "*ebalen*": "cast/threw/poured out", "*opisō*": "after/behind/following", "*hydōr hōs potamon*": "water like a river/flood of water", "*potamophorēton*": "carried away by river/swept away by flood" } } 16 { "verseID": "Revelation.12.16", "source": "Καὶ ἐβοήθησεν ἡ γῆ τῇ γυναικί, καὶ ἤνοιξεν ἡ γῆ τὸ στόμα αὐτῆς, καὶ κατέπιεν τὸν ποταμὸν ὃν ἔβαλεν ὁ δράκων ἐκ τοῦ στόματος αὐτοῦ.", "text": "And *eboēthēsen* the *gē* the *gynaiki*, and *ēnoixen* the *gē* the *stoma* of her, and *katepien* the *potamon* which *ebalen* the *drakōn ek* the *stomatos* of him.", "grammar": { "*eboēthēsen*": "aorist active, 3rd singular - helped", "*gē*": "nominative, feminine, singular - earth/land", "*gynaiki*": "dative, feminine, singular - woman", "*ēnoixen*": "aorist active, 3rd singular - opened", "*stoma*": "accusative, neuter, singular - mouth", "*katepien*": "aorist active, 3rd singular - swallowed up", "*potamon*": "accusative, masculine, singular - river", "*ebalen*": "aorist active, 3rd singular - cast/threw", "*drakōn*": "nominative, masculine, singular - dragon", "*ek*": "preposition + genitive - out of/from", "*stomatos*": "genitive, neuter, singular - mouth" }, "variants": { "*eboēthēsen*": "helped/came to aid/assisted", "*ēnoixen*": "opened/unclosed", "*katepien*": "swallowed up/consumed/absorbed", "*potamon*": "river/stream/flood" } }
• Rev 17:1 : 1 { "verseID": "Revelation.17.1", "source": "Καὶ ἦλθεν εἷς ἐκ τῶν ἑπτὰ ἀγγέλων τῶν ἐχόντων τὰς ἑπτὰ φιάλας, καὶ ἐλάλησεν μετʼ ἐμοῦ, λέγων μοι, Δεῦρο· δείξω σοι τὸ κρίμα τῆς πόρνης τῆς μεγάλης τῆς καθημένης ἐπὶ τῶν ὑδάτων τῶν πολλῶν:", "text": "And *ēlthen* one from the *hepta* *angelōn* the ones *echontōn* the *hepta* *phialas*, and *elalēsen* with me, *legōn* to me, *Deuro*; I will *deixō* to you the *krima* of the *pornēs* the *megalēs* the one *kathēmenēs* upon the *hydatōn* the many:", "grammar": { "*ēlthen*": "aorist active indicative, 3rd singular - came", "*hepta*": "cardinal number - seven", "*angelōn*": "genitive plural masculine - of angels/messengers", "*echontōn*": "present active participle, genitive plural masculine - having/holding", "*phialas*": "accusative plural feminine - bowls/vials", "*elalēsen*": "aorist active indicative, 3rd singular - spoke", "*legōn*": "present active participle, nominative singular masculine - saying", "*Deuro*": "adverb/imperative - come here", "*deixō*": "future active indicative, 1st singular - I will show", "*krima*": "accusative singular neuter - judgment/sentence", "*pornēs*": "genitive singular feminine - of prostitute/harlot", "*megalēs*": "genitive singular feminine - great/large", "*kathēmenēs*": "present middle participle, genitive singular feminine - sitting/dwelling", "*hydatōn*": "genitive plural neuter - of waters" }, "variants": { "*angelōn*": "messengers/angels", "*phialas*": "bowls/vials/cups", "*krima*": "judgment/sentence/condemnation", "*pornēs*": "prostitute/harlot/sexually immoral woman", "*hydatōn*": "waters/liquid/fluid bodies" } }
• Rev 17:15 : 15 { "verseID": "Revelation.17.15", "source": "Καὶ λέγει μοι, Τὰ ὕδατα ἃ εἶδες, οὗ ἡ πόρνη κάθηται, λαοὶ, καὶ ὄχλοι εἰσὶν, καὶ ἔθνη, καὶ γλῶσσαι.", "text": "And *legei* to me, The *hydata* which *eides*, where the *pornē* *kathētai*, *laoi*, and *ochloi* *eisin*, and *ethnē*, and *glōssai*.", "grammar": { "*legei*": "present active indicative, 3rd singular - says", "*hydata*": "nominative plural neuter - waters", "*eides*": "aorist active indicative, 2nd singular - you saw", "*pornē*": "nominative singular feminine - prostitute", "*kathētai*": "present middle indicative, 3rd singular - sits", "*laoi*": "nominative plural masculine - peoples", "*ochloi*": "nominative plural masculine - crowds/multitudes", "*eisin*": "present active indicative, 3rd plural - they are", "*ethnē*": "nominative plural neuter - nations", "*glōssai*": "nominative plural feminine - tongues/languages" }, "variants": { "*legei*": "says/tells/speaks", "*hydata*": "waters/bodies of water", "*pornē*": "prostitute/harlot/sexually immoral woman", "*kathētai*": "sits/dwells/is seated", "*laoi*": "peoples/populations/ethnic groups", "*ochloi*": "crowds/multitudes/throngs", "*ethnē*": "nations/gentiles/foreign peoples", "*glōssai*": "tongues/languages/speech" } }
• Isa 15:8 : 8 { "verseID": "Isaiah.15.8", "source": "כִּֽי־הִקִּ֥יפָה הַזְּעָקָ֖ה אֶת־גְּב֣וּל מוֹאָ֑ב עַד־אֶגְלַ֙יִם֙ יִלְלָתָ֔הּ וּבְאֵ֥ר אֵילִ֖ים יִלְלָתָֽהּ׃", "text": "*kî*-*hiqqîpâ* the *zeʿāqâ* *ʾet*-*geḇûl* *Môʾāḇ* until-*ʾEḡlayim* *yilālātāh* *û*-*Beʾēr* *ʾêlîm* *yilālātāh*", "grammar": { "*kî*": "conjunction - for/because", "*hiqqîpâ*": "hiphil perfect, 3rd feminine singular - she surrounded/has gone around", "*zeʿāqâ*": "noun, feminine, singular with definite article - the cry/outcry", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*geḇûl*": "noun, masculine, singular construct - territory/border of", "*Môʾāḇ*": "proper noun - Moab", "*ʾEḡlayim*": "proper noun - Eglaim (place)", "*yilālātāh*": "noun, feminine, singular construct with 3rd feminine singular suffix - her wailing", "*û*": "conjunction - and", "*Beʾēr*": "noun, feminine, singular construct - well of", "*ʾêlîm*": "proper noun - Elim (place)", "*yilālātāh*": "noun, feminine, singular construct with 3rd feminine singular suffix - her wailing" }, "variants": { "*hiqqîpâ*": "she surrounded/has gone around/encompassed", "*zeʿāqâ*": "cry/outcry/shriek", "*geḇûl*": "territory/border/boundary", "*yilālātāh*": "her wailing/howling", "*Beʾēr ʾêlîm*": "Beer Elim (well of the mighty ones/rams/trees)" } }
• Isa 22:1 : 1 { "verseID": "Isaiah.22.1", "source": "מַשָּׂ֖א גֵּ֣יא חִזָּי֑וֹן מַה־לָּ֣ךְ אֵפ֔וֹא כִּֽי־עָלִ֥ית כֻּלָּ֖ךְ לַגַּגּֽוֹת׃", "text": "*Maśśāʾ* *gēʾ* *ḥizzāyôn* what-to-you *ʾēpôʾ* that-*ʿālît* all-of-you to-the-*gaggôt*", "grammar": { "*Maśśāʾ*": "construct state, masculine singular - burden/oracle/utterance", "*gēʾ*": "construct state, masculine singular - valley of", "*ḥizzāyôn*": "masculine singular - vision", "מַה־לָּ֣ךְ": "interrogative + preposition with 2nd person feminine singular suffix - what to you", "*ʾēpôʾ*": "interrogative particle - then/now", "כִּֽי־עָלִ֥ית": "conjunction + Qal perfect, 2nd person feminine singular - that you have gone up", "כֻּלָּ֖ךְ": "noun with 2nd person feminine singular suffix - all of you", "לַגַּגּֽוֹת": "preposition + definite article + plural noun - to the roofs" }, "variants": { "*Maśśāʾ*": "burden/oracle/prophecy/utterance", "*gēʾ*": "valley/ravine", "*ḥizzāyôn*": "vision/revelation/prophecy", "*ʾēpôʾ*": "then/now/pray", "*ʿālît*": "ascended/gone up", "*gaggôt*": "roofs/housetops" } }
• Isa 22:4-5 : 4 { "verseID": "Isaiah.22.4", "source": "עַל־כֵּ֥ן אָמַ֛רְתִּי שְׁע֥וּ מִנִּ֖י אֲמָרֵ֣ר בַּבֶּ֑כִי אַל־תָּאִ֣יצוּ לְנַֽחֲמֵ֔נִי עַל־שֹׁ֖ד בַּת־עַמִּֽי׃", "text": "Upon-thus *ʾāmartî* *šᵉʿû* from-me *ʾᵃmārēr* in-the-*bekî* not-*tāʾîṣû* to-*naḥᵃmēnî* upon-*šōd* *bat*-*ʿammî*", "grammar": { "עַל־כֵּ֥ן": "preposition + adverb - therefore/because of this", "*ʾāmartî*": "Qal perfect, 1st person singular - I said", "*šᵉʿû*": "Qal imperative, 2nd person masculine plural - look away/gaze away", "מִנִּ֖י": "preposition with 1st person singular suffix - from me", "*ʾᵃmārēr*": "Piel imperfect, 1st person singular - I will be bitter/weep bitterly", "בַּבֶּ֑כִי": "preposition + definite article + masculine singular noun - in the weeping", "אַל־תָּאִ֣יצוּ": "negative particle + Hiphil imperfect, 2nd person masculine plural - do not urge/press", "לְנַֽחֲמֵ֔נִי": "preposition + Piel infinitive construct with 1st person singular suffix - to comfort me", "עַל־שֹׁ֖ד": "preposition + masculine singular construct - upon destruction of", "בַּת־עַמִּֽי": "feminine singular construct + masculine singular noun with 1st person singular suffix - daughter of my people" }, "variants": { "*ʾāmartî*": "I said/spoke", "*šᵉʿû*": "look away/gaze away/turn away", "*ʾᵃmārēr*": "I will be bitter/weep bitterly/wail", "*bekî*": "weeping/crying", "*tāʾîṣû*": "urge/press/hasten", "*naḥᵃmēnî*": "comfort me/console me", "*šōd*": "destruction/devastation/ruin", "*bat*": "daughter/female inhabitant", "*ʿammî*": "my people/my nation" } } 5 { "verseID": "Isaiah.22.5", "source": "כִּ֣י יוֹם֩ מְהוּמָ֨ה וּמְבוּסָ֜ה וּמְבוּכָ֗ה לַֽאדֹנָ֧י יְהוִ֛ה צְבָא֖וֹת בְּגֵ֣יא חִזָּי֑וֹן מְקַרְקַ֥ר קִ֖ר וְשׁ֥וֹעַ אֶל־הָהָֽר׃", "text": "For *yôm* *mᵉhûmāh* and-*mᵉbûsāh* and-*mᵉbûkāh* to-*ʾᵃdōnāy* *YHWH* *ṣᵉbāʾôt* in-*gêʾ* *ḥizzāyôn* *mᵉqarqar* *qîr* and-*šôaʿ* to-the-*hār*", "grammar": { "כִּ֣י": "conjunction - for/because", "*yôm*": "masculine singular construct - day of", "*mᵉhûmāh*": "feminine singular - tumult", "וּמְבוּסָ֜ה": "conjunction + feminine singular - trampling", "וּמְבוּכָ֗ה": "conjunction + feminine singular - confusion", "לַֽאדֹנָ֧י": "preposition + noun with 1st person plural suffix - to/by my Lord", "*YHWH*": "divine name", "*ṣᵉbāʾôt*": "masculine plural - hosts/armies", "בְּגֵ֣יא": "preposition + masculine singular construct - in valley of", "*ḥizzāyôn*": "masculine singular - vision", "*mᵉqarqar*": "Pilpel participle, masculine singular - breaking down", "*qîr*": "masculine singular - wall", "וְשׁ֥וֹעַ": "conjunction + Piel participle, masculine singular - crying out", "אֶל־הָהָֽר": "preposition + definite article + masculine singular - to the mountain" }, "variants": { "*yôm*": "day/time", "*mᵉhûmāh*": "tumult/confusion/panic", "*mᵉbûsāh*": "trampling/treading down", "*mᵉbûkāh*": "confusion/bewilderment", "*ʾᵃdōnāy*": "my Lord/master", "*YHWH*": "Yahweh/LORD", "*ṣᵉbāʾôt*": "hosts/armies", "*gêʾ*": "valley/ravine", "*ḥizzāyôn*": "vision/revelation", "*mᵉqarqar*": "breaking down/demolishing/tearing down", "*qîr*": "wall/city wall", "*šôaʿ*": "crying out/shouting for help", "*hār*": "mountain/hill" } }
• Isa 28:17 : 17 { "verseID": "Isaiah.28.17", "source": "וְשַׂמְתִּי מִשְׁפָּט לְקָו וּצְדָקָה לְמִשְׁקָלֶת וְיָעָה בָרָד מַחְסֵה כָזָב וְסֵתֶר מַיִם יִשְׁטֹפוּ", "text": "*Wə-śamtî* *mišpāṭ* for-*qāw* and-*ṣəḏāqāh* for-*mišqāleṯ* and-*yāʿāh* *ḇārāḏ* *maḥsēh* *ḵāzāḇ* and-*sēṯer* *mayim* *yišṭōp̄û*", "grammar": { "*Wə-śamtî*": "conjunction + qal perfect 1st common singular - and I will make", "*mišpāṭ*": "masculine singular noun - judgment", "*qāw*": "masculine singular noun - line/measuring line", "*ṣəḏāqāh*": "feminine singular noun - righteousness", "*mišqāleṯ*": "feminine singular noun - plummet/level", "*yāʿāh*": "qal perfect 3rd masculine singular - it sweeps away", "*ḇārāḏ*": "masculine singular noun - hail", "*maḥsēh*": "masculine singular construct - refuge of", "*ḵāzāḇ*": "masculine singular noun - lie/falsehood", "*sēṯer*": "masculine singular noun - hiding place", "*mayim*": "masculine plural noun - waters", "*yišṭōp̄û*": "qal imperfect 3rd masculine plural - they will overflow" }, "variants": { "*mišpāṭ*": "judgment/justice", "*qāw*": "line/measuring line/rule", "*ṣəḏāqāh*": "righteousness/justice", "*mišqāleṯ*": "plummet/level/plumb line", "*yāʿāh*": "sweeps away/washes away", "*maḥsēh*": "refuge of/shelter of", "*sēṯer*": "hiding place/secret place", "*yišṭōp̄û*": "will overflow/will wash away" } }
• Isa 59:19 : 19 { "verseID": "Isaiah.59.19", "source": "וְיִֽירְא֤וּ מִֽמַּעֲרָב֙ אֶת־שֵׁ֣ם יְהוָ֔ה וּמִמִּזְרַח־שֶׁ֖מֶשׁ אֶת־כְּבוֹד֑וֹ כִּֽי־יָב֤וֹא כַנָּהָר֙ צָ֔ר ר֥וּחַ יְהוָ֖ה נֹ֥סְסָה בֽוֹ׃", "text": "*wə-yîrʾû* from-*maʿărāb* *ʾet-šēm* *YHWH* *û-mi-mizraḥ-šemeš* *ʾet-kəbôdô* *kî-yābôʾ* as-the-*nāhār* *ṣār* *rûaḥ* *YHWH* *nōsəsâ* in-him", "grammar": { "*wə-yîrʾû*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect, 3rd masculine plural - and they will fear", "*maʿărāb*": "masculine singular noun with prefix מן (from) - west", "*ʾet-šēm*": "direct object marker + masculine singular construct noun - the name of", "*YHWH*": "divine name", "*û-mi-mizraḥ-šemeš*": "waw conjunction + prefix מן (from) + masculine singular construct noun + feminine singular noun - and from the rising of the sun", "*ʾet-kəbôdô*": "direct object marker + masculine singular noun with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his glory", "*kî-yābôʾ*": "conjunction (for/when/because) + qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - for he/it will come", "*nāhār*": "masculine singular noun with prefix כ (as/like) - river", "*ṣār*": "masculine singular adjective/noun - narrow/enemy/adversary", "*rûaḥ*": "feminine singular noun - spirit/wind/breath", "*YHWH*": "divine name", "*nōsəsâ*": "polel participle, feminine singular - driving/lifting/raising", "*bô*": "preposition with 3rd masculine singular suffix - in him/it" }, "variants": { "*yîrʾû*": "they will fear/revere/be in awe", "*šēm*": "name/reputation/fame", "*kəbôdô*": "his glory/honor/splendor", "*nāhār*": "river/stream/flood", "*ṣār*": "narrow/enemy/adversary/distress", "*rûaḥ*": "spirit/wind/breath", "*nōsəsâ*": "driving/lifting/raising/fleeing" } }
• Ps 24:1 : 1 { "verseID": "Psalms.24.1", "source": "לְדָוִ֗ד מִ֫זְמ֥וֹר לַֽ֭יהוָה הָאָ֣רֶץ וּמְלוֹאָ֑הּ תֵּ֝בֵ֗ל וְיֹ֣שְׁבֵי בָֽהּ׃", "text": "To *Dāwid* *mizmôr*. To *YHWH* the *ʾereṣ* and *mĕlôʾāh*; *tēbēl* and *yōšĕbê* in it.", "grammar": { "*Dāwid*": "proper noun, masculine - David", "*mizmôr*": "noun, masculine singular - psalm/song", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - LORD/Yahweh", "*ʾereṣ*": "noun, feminine singular - earth/land", "*mĕlôʾāh*": "noun, feminine singular with 3rd person feminine singular suffix - its fullness", "*tēbēl*": "noun, feminine singular - world/inhabited earth", "*yōšĕbê*": "participle, masculine plural construct - dwellers of/inhabitants of", "וּ": "conjunction - and", "וְ": "conjunction - and", "בָֽהּ": "preposition with 3rd person feminine singular suffix - in it" }, "variants": { "*mizmôr*": "psalm/melody/song", "*ʾereṣ*": "earth/land/ground/territory", "*mĕlôʾāh*": "its fullness/all it contains", "*tēbēl*": "world/inhabited earth/inhabited land" } }
• Ps 50:12 : 12 { "verseID": "Psalms.50.12", "source": "אִם־אֶ֭רְעַב לֹא־אֹ֣מַר לָ֑ךְ כִּי־לִ֥י תֵ֝בֵ֗ל וּמְלֹאָֽהּ׃", "text": "If-*er'av* not-*omar* to-you for-to-me *tevel* and-*meloah*", "grammar": { "*er'av*": "verb, Qal imperfect, 1st person singular - I will be hungry", "*omar*": "verb, Qal imperfect, 1st person singular - I will tell/say", "*tevel*": "noun, feminine, singular - world", "*meloah*": "noun, masculine, singular with 3rd person feminine singular suffix - its fullness" }, "variants": { "*tevel umeloah*": "the world and its fullness/the world and everything in it" } }
• Ps 96:11 : 11 { "verseID": "Psalms.96.11", "source": "יִשְׂמְח֣וּ הַ֭שָּׁמַיִם וְתָגֵ֣ל הָאָ֑רֶץ יִֽרְעַ֥ם הַ֝יָּ֗ם וּמְלֹאֽוֹ׃", "text": "*yiśməḥû* *haššāmayim* *wəṯāḡēl* *hāʾāreṣ* *yirʿam* *hayyām* *ûməlōʾô*", "grammar": { "*yiśməḥû*": "verb, qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine plural - they will rejoice", "*haššāmayim*": "noun, masculine plural with definite article - the heavens", "*wəṯāḡēl*": "conjunction + verb, qal imperfect, 3rd person feminine singular - and will be glad", "*hāʾāreṣ*": "noun, feminine singular with definite article - the earth/land", "*yirʿam*": "verb, qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - will roar/thunder", "*hayyām*": "noun, masculine singular with definite article - the sea", "*ûməlōʾô*": "conjunction + noun, masculine singular with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - and its fullness" }, "variants": { "*yiśməḥû*": "will rejoice/be glad/be joyful", "*haššāmayim*": "the heavens/sky", "*tāḡēl*": "will be glad/rejoice/exult", "*hāʾāreṣ*": "earth/land/ground", "*yirʿam*": "will roar/thunder/rage", "*hayyām*": "the sea/ocean", "*məlōʾô*": "its fullness/everything in it/what fills it" } }
• Ps 98:7 : 7 { "verseID": "Psalms.98.7", "source": "יִרְעַ֣ם הַ֭יָּם וּמְלֹא֑וֹ תֵּ֝בֵ֗ל וְיֹ֣שְׁבֵי בָֽהּ׃", "text": "*Yirʿam* the-*yām* and-*məlōʾō* *tēbēl* and-*yōshəbē* in-her", "grammar": { "*Yirʿam*": "verb, qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular jussive - let it roar", "*yām*": "noun, masculine singular - sea", "*məlōʾō*": "noun, masculine singular with 3rd masculine singular suffix - its fullness", "*tēbēl*": "noun, feminine singular - world/inhabited earth", "*yōshəbē*": "verb, qal participle masculine plural construct - those dwelling in" }, "variants": { "*Yirʿam*": "let it roar/thunder/resound", "*yām*": "sea/ocean", "*məlōʾō*": "its fullness/that which fills it/its abundance", "*tēbēl*": "world/inhabited earth/land", "*yōshəbē*": "dwellers/inhabitants/those living in" } }