Verse 15

{ "verseID": "Hosea.9.15", "source": "כָּל־רָעָתָ֤ם בַּגִּלְגָּל֙ כִּֽי־שָׁ֣ם שְׂנֵאתִ֔ים עַ֚ל רֹ֣עַ מַֽעַלְלֵיהֶ֔ם מִבֵּיתִ֖י אֲגָרְשֵׁ֑ם לֹ֤א אוֹסֵף֙ אַהֲבָתָ֔ם כָּל־שָׂרֵיהֶ֖ם סֹרְרִֽים׃", "text": "All-*rāʿātām* in-the-*gilgāl* because-there *śenēʾtîm* because-of *rōaʿ* *maʿalělêhem* from-*bêtî* *ʾăgārešēm*; not *ʾôsēp* *ʾahăbātām*, all-*śārêhem* *sōrerîm*.", "grammar": { "*rāʿātām*": "feminine singular noun with 3rd masculine plural suffix - 'their evil/wickedness'", "*gilgāl*": "proper noun with definite article - 'the Gilgal'", "*śenēʾtîm*": "qal perfect 1st singular with 3rd masculine plural suffix - 'I hated them'", "*rōaʿ*": "masculine singular construct - 'evil of'", "*maʿalělêhem*": "masculine plural noun with 3rd masculine plural suffix - 'their deeds'", "*bêtî*": "masculine singular noun with 1st singular suffix - 'my house'", "*ʾăgārešēm*": "piel imperfect 1st singular with 3rd masculine plural suffix - 'I will drive them out'", "*ʾôsēp*": "hifil imperfect 1st singular - 'I will continue'", "*ʾahăbātām*": "qal infinitive construct with 3rd masculine plural suffix - 'to love them'", "*śārêhem*": "masculine plural noun with 3rd masculine plural suffix - 'their princes'", "*sōrerîm*": "qal participle masculine plural - 'rebellious/stubborn'" }, "variants": { "*rāʿātām*": "their evil/their wickedness/their calamity", "*gilgāl*": "place of idolatrous worship", "*śenēʾtîm*": "I hated them/I rejected them", "*rōaʿ* *maʿalělêhem*": "evil of their deeds/wickedness of their actions", "*ʾăgārešēm*": "I will drive them out/I will expel them", "*ʾôsēp* *ʾahăbātām*": "I will continue to love them/I will love them again", "*śārêhem* *sōrerîm*": "their princes are rebellious/their leaders are defiant" } }

Other Translations

• GT, oversatt fra Hebraisk

  All deres ondskap er i Gilgal, for der begynte jeg å hate dem. På grunn av deres onde gjerninger vil jeg drive dem ut av mitt hus. Jeg vil ikke lenger elske dem; alle deres ledere er opprørere.

• Moderne oversettelse av Bibelen fra 1611 KJV med hebraisk kontekst

  All deres ondskap er i Gilgal; der hatet jeg dem. På grunn av deres onde gjerninger vil jeg drive dem ut av mitt hus. Jeg vil ikke lenger elske dem; alle deres fyrster er opprørere.

• Norsk King James

  All deres ondskap er i Gilgal; for der hatet jeg dem; på grunn av det onde de gjorde vil jeg drive dem ut av mitt hus; jeg vil ikke lenger elske dem; alle deres ledere er opprørere.

• Modernisert Norsk Bibel 1866

  All deres ondskap er i Gilgal, der har jeg hatet dem for deres ondskaps skyld. Jeg vil drive dem ut av mitt hus, jeg vil ikke elske dem mer, alle deres ledere er trassige.

• Oversettelse av hebraiske Bibeltekster til moderne norsk bokmål

  All deres ondskap er i Gilgal, der hatet jeg dem. På grunn av deres onde gjerninger vil jeg drive dem ut av mitt hus. Jeg vil ikke lenger elske dem; alle deres ledere er opprørske.

• Bibelen: En Moderne Oversettelse av King James Version 1611

  All deres ondskap er i Gilgal; der hatet jeg dem. For deres onde gjerninger vil jeg drive dem ut av mitt hus, jeg vil ikke elske dem mer. Alle deres fyrster er opprørere.

• o3-mini KJV Norsk

  All deres ondskap konsentreres i Gilgal, for der har jeg hatet dem; på grunn av deres onde gjerninger vil jeg drive dem ut av mitt hus, og jeg skal ikke lenger elske dem – alle deres ledere er opprørere.

• En Moderne Oversettelse av King James Version 1611 (mar 2025)

  All deres ondskap er i Gilgal; der hatet jeg dem. For deres onde gjerninger vil jeg drive dem ut av mitt hus, jeg vil ikke elske dem mer. Alle deres fyrster er opprørere.

• Lingvistisk bibeloversettelse fra grunntekst

  All deres ondskap er i Gilgal; der hatet jeg dem. På grunn av de onde gjerningene deres vil jeg drive dem bort fra mitt hus. Jeg vil ikke lenger elske dem; alle deres fyrster er opprørske.

• Linguistic Bible Translation from Source Texts

  All their wickedness is at Gilgal, for there I began to hate them. Because of their evil deeds, I will drive them from My house. I will no longer love them; all their leaders are rebellious.

• GT, oversatt fra hebraisk Aug2024

  All deres ondskap er i Gilgal. Der hatet Jeg dem. På grunn av deres onde gjerninger vil Jeg drive dem ut av mitt hus. Jeg vil ikke elske dem lenger; alle deres høvdinger er opprørere.

• Original Norsk Bibel 1866

  Al deres Ondskab er i Gilgal, thi der haver jeg hadet dem for deres Idrætters Ondskabs Skyld, jeg vil udstøde dem af mit Huus, jeg vil ikke blive ved at elske dem, alle deres Fyrster ere modvillige.

• King James Version 1769 (Standard Version)

  All their wickedness is in Gilgal: for there I hated them: for the wickedness of their doings I will drive them out of mine use, I will love them no more: all their princes are revolters.

• KJV 1769 norsk

  All deres ondskap er i Gilgal; der hatet jeg dem; på grunn av deres onde gjerninger vil jeg drive dem ut av mitt hus; jeg vil ikke elske dem mer; alle deres fyrster er opprørere.

• KJV1611 - Moderne engelsk

  All their wickedness is in Gilgal, for there I hated them; for the wickedness of their doings I will drive them out of my house, I will love them no more; all their princes are rebels.

• King James Version 1611 (Original)

  All their wickedness is in Gilgal: for there I hated them: for the wickedness of their doings I will drive them out of mine house, I will love them no more: all their princes are revolters.

• Norsk oversettelse av Webster

  All deres ondskap er i Gilgal, der hatet jeg dem. På grunn av deres onde handlinger vil jeg drive dem ut av mitt hus. Jeg vil ikke elske dem mer. Alle deres fyrster er opprørere.

• Norsk oversettelse av Youngs Literal Translation

  Alt deres onde er i Gilgal, der hatet jeg dem. For deres onde gjerningers skyld, skal jeg drive dem bort fra mitt hus. Jeg elsker dem ikke mer, alle deres ledere er troløse.

• Norsk oversettelse av ASV1901

  All deres ondskap er i Gilgal; der hatet jeg dem: på grunn av deres onde gjerninger vil jeg drive dem ut av mitt hus; jeg vil ikke elske dem mer; alle deres fyrster er frafallne.

• Norsk oversettelse av BBE

  All deres ondskap er i Gilgal; der fikk jeg avsmak for dem; på grunn av deres ondskap vil jeg kaste dem ut av mitt hus; de vil ikke lenger være kjære for meg; alle deres ledere er ukontrollerte.

• Coverdale Bible (1535)

  All their wickednesse is done at Galgal, there do I abhorre them. For the vngraciousnes of their owne inuencions, I wil dryue them out of my house. I will loue them nomore, for all their prynces are vnfaithfull.

• Geneva Bible (1560)

  All their wickednesse is in Gilgal: for there doe I hate them: for the wickednesse of their inuentions, I will cast them out of mine House: I will loue them no more: all their princes are rebels.

• Bishops' Bible (1568)

  All their wickednesse is done at Gilgall, there do I abhorre them: for the vngratiousnesse of their owne inuentions I wyll driue them out of my house, I wyll loue them no more, for all their princes are vnfaithfull.

• Authorized King James Version (1611)

  All their wickedness [is] in Gilgal: for there I hated them: for the wickedness of their doings I will drive them out of mine house, I will love them no more: all their princes [are] revolters.

• Webster's Bible (1833)

  "All their wickedness is in Gilgal; For there I hated them. Because of the wickedness of their deeds I will drive them out of my house! I will love them no more. All their princes are rebels.

• Young's Literal Translation (1862/1898)

  All their evil `is' in Gilgal, Surely there I have hated them, Because of the evil of their doings, Out of My house I do drive them, I add not to love them, all their heads `are' apostates.

• American Standard Version (1901)

  All their wickedness is in Gilgal; for there I hated them: because of the wickedness of their doings I will drive them out of my house; I will love them no more; all their princes are revolters.

• Bible in Basic English (1941)

  All their evil-doing is in Gilgal; there I had hate for them; because of their evil-doing I will send them out of my house; they will no longer be dear to me; all their rulers are uncontrolled.

• World English Bible (2000)

  "All their wickedness is in Gilgal; for there I hated them. Because of the wickedness of their deeds I will drive them out of my house! I will love them no more. All their princes are rebels.

• NET Bible® (New English Translation)

  Because of all their evil in Gilgal, I hate them there. On account of their evil deeds, I will drive them out of my land. I will no longer love them; all their rulers are rebels.

Referenced Verses

• Hos 4:15 : 15 { "verseID": "Hosea.4.15", "source": "אִם־זֹנֶ֤ה אַתָּה֙ יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל אַל־יֶאְשַׁ֖ם יְהוּדָ֑ה וְאַל־תָּבֹ֣אוּ הַגִּלְגָּ֗ל וְאַֽל־תַּעֲלוּ֙ בֵּ֣ית אָ֔וֶן וְאַל־תִּשָּׁבְע֖וּ חַי־יְהוָֽה׃", "text": "*ʾim-zōnê* *ʾattâ* *Yiśrāʾēl* *ʾal-yeʾšam* *Yəhûdâ* *wə-ʾal-tābōʾû* *ha-Gilgāl* *wə-ʾal-taʿălû* *Bêt* *ʾāwen* *wə-ʾal-tiššābəʿû* *ḥay*-*YHWH*", "grammar": { "*ʾim*": "conjunction - if/though", "*zōnê*": "participle, masculine singular - playing the harlot", "*ʾattâ*": "pronoun, 2nd person masculine singular - you", "*Yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel", "*ʾal*": "negative particle (jussive) - let not", "*yeʾšam*": "imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular, jussive - become guilty", "*Yəhûdâ*": "proper noun - Judah", "*wə-ʾal*": "conjunction + negative particle (jussive) - and let not", "*tābōʾû*": "imperfect, 2nd person masculine plural - you come", "*ha-Gilgāl*": "proper noun with definite article - the Gilgal", "*wə-ʾal*": "conjunction + negative particle (jussive) - and let not", "*taʿălû*": "imperfect, 2nd person masculine plural - you go up", "*Bêt*": "noun, construct state - house of", "*ʾāwen*": "noun - idolatry/iniquity/trouble", "*wə-ʾal*": "conjunction + negative particle (jussive) - and let not", "*tiššābəʿû*": "imperfect, 2nd person masculine plural, niphal - you swear", "*ḥay*": "adjective, construct state - life of/as lives", "*YHWH*": "divine name" }, "variants": { "*zānâ*": "commit fornication/play the harlot/be unfaithful", "*ʾāšam*": "be guilty/bear punishment/become desolate", "*Bêt ʾāwen*": "House of Iniquity/Wickedness (pejorative name for Bethel)", "*ʾāwen*": "trouble/wickedness/sorrow/idolatry", "*šābaʿ* (niphal)": "swear/take an oath" } }
• Hos 12:11 : 11 { "verseID": "Hosea.12.11", "source": "וְדִבַּ֙רְתִּי֙ עַל־הַנְּבִיאִ֔ים וְאָנֹכִ֖י חָז֣וֹן הִרְבֵּ֑יתִי וּבְיַ֥ד הַנְּבִיאִ֖ים אֲדַמֶּֽה׃", "text": "*wĕ-dibbarti* to-*ha-nĕbîʾîm* *wĕ-ʾānōkî* *ḥāzôn* *hirbêtî* *û-bĕyad* *ha-nĕbîʾîm* *ʾădammeh*", "grammar": { "*wĕ-dibbarti*": "conjunction + verb, piel perfect 1st singular - and I spoke", "*ha-nĕbîʾîm*": "definite article + noun, masculine plural - the prophets", "*wĕ-ʾānōkî*": "conjunction + pronoun, 1st singular - and I", "*ḥāzôn*": "noun, masculine singular - vision", "*hirbêtî*": "verb, hiphil perfect 1st singular - I multiplied/increased", "*û-bĕyad*": "conjunction + preposition + noun, feminine singular construct - and by the hand of", "*ha-nĕbîʾîm*": "definite article + noun, masculine plural - the prophets", "*ʾădammeh*": "verb, piel imperfect 1st singular - I use parables/comparisons" }, "variants": { "*dibbarti*": "I spoke/I communicated", "*ḥāzôn*": "vision/revelation/oracle", "*hirbêtî*": "I multiplied/I increased/I gave abundantly", "*ʾădammeh*": "I use parables/I speak with similes/I compare" } }
• Isa 1:23 : 23 { "verseID": "Isaiah.1.23", "source": "שָׂרַ֣יִךְ סוֹרְרִ֗ים וְחַבְרֵי֙ גַּנָּבִ֔ים כֻּלּוֹ֙ אֹהֵ֣ב שֹׁ֔חַד וְרֹדֵ֖ף שַׁלְמֹנִ֑ים יָתוֹם֙ לֹ֣א יִשְׁפֹּ֔טוּ וְרִ֥יב אַלְמָנָ֖ה לֹֽא־יָב֥וֹא אֲלֵיהֶֽם׃ פ", "text": "*śārayik* *sôrᵉrîm* *wᵉḥabrê* *gannābîm* *kullô* *ʾōhēb* *šōḥad* *wᵉrōdēp* *šalmōnîm* *yātôm* *lōʾ* *yišpōṭû* *wᵉrîb* *ʾalmānâ* *lōʾ*-*yābôʾ* *ʾălêhem*", "grammar": { "*śārayik*": "noun, masculine plural + 2nd person feminine singular suffix - your princes", "*sôrᵉrîm*": "adjective, qal active participle, masculine plural - rebellious", "*wᵉḥabrê*": "conjunction wə- + noun, masculine plural construct - and companions of", "*gannābîm*": "noun, masculine plural - thieves", "*kullô*": "construct noun, masculine singular + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - all of it", "*ʾōhēb*": "participle, qal active, masculine singular - loving", "*šōḥad*": "noun, masculine singular - bribe", "*wᵉrōdēp*": "conjunction wə- + participle, qal active, masculine singular - and pursuing", "*šalmōnîm*": "noun, masculine plural - rewards/payments", "*yātôm*": "noun, masculine singular - orphan/fatherless", "*lōʾ*": "negative particle - not", "*yišpōṭû*": "verb, qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine plural - they judge", "*wᵉrîb*": "conjunction wə- + noun, masculine singular construct - and cause of", "*ʾalmānâ*": "noun, feminine singular - widow", "*lōʾ*": "negative particle - not", "*yābôʾ*": "verb, qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - comes", "*ʾălêhem*": "preposition ʾel + 3rd person masculine plural suffix - to them" }, "variants": { "*śārayik*": "your princes/rulers/officials", "*sôrᵉrîm*": "rebellious/stubborn/defiant", "*ḥabrê*": "companions/associates/partners", "*gannābîm*": "thieves/robbers", "*ʾōhēb*": "loving/fond of/attached to", "*šōḥad*": "bribe/gift/payoff", "*rōdēp*": "pursuing/chasing/following after", "*šalmōnîm*": "rewards/payments/bribes", "*yišpōṭû*": "they judge/defend/give justice to", "*rîb*": "cause/case/legal claim" } }
• Jer 3:8 : 8 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.3.8", "source": "וָאֵ֗רֶא כִּ֤י עַל־כָּל־אֹדוֹת֙ אֲשֶׁ֤ר נִֽאֲפָה֙ מְשֻׁבָ֣ה יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל שִׁלַּחְתִּ֕יהָ וָאֶתֵּ֛ן אֶת־סֵ֥פֶר כְּרִיתֻתֶ֖יהָ אֵלֶ֑יהָ וְלֹ֨א יָֽרְאָ֜ה בֹּֽגֵדָ֤ה יְהוּדָה֙ אֲחוֹתָ֔הּ וַתֵּ֖לֶךְ וַתִּ֥זֶן גַּם־הִֽיא׃", "text": "*wāʾēreʾ* that for-all-*ʾōdôt* which *niʾăp̄â* *mᵉšuḇâ* *yiśrāʾēl*, *šillaḥtîhā* *wāʾettēn* *ʾet*-*sēp̄er* *kᵉrîtutehā* to-her; and-not *yārᵉʾâ* *bōgēdâ* *yᵉhûdâ* *ʾăḥôtâh*, *wattēleḵ* *wattizen* also-she.", "grammar": { "*wāʾēreʾ*": "conjunction + Qal imperfect 1st person singular with waw consecutive - 'and I saw'", "*ʾōdôt*": "noun, feminine plural construct - 'causes/reasons'", "*niʾăp̄â*": "Piel perfect 3rd feminine singular - 'she committed adultery'", "*mᵉšuḇâ*": "noun, feminine singular - 'apostate/backsliding'", "*yiśrāʾēl*": "proper name - 'Israel'", "*šillaḥtîhā*": "Piel perfect 1st person singular with 3rd feminine singular suffix - 'I sent her away'", "*wāʾettēn*": "conjunction + Qal imperfect 1st person singular with waw consecutive - 'and I gave'", "*sēp̄er*": "noun, masculine singular construct - 'document/scroll'", "*kᵉrîtutehā*": "noun, feminine plural construct with 3rd feminine singular suffix - 'her divorce'", "*yārᵉʾâ*": "Qal perfect 3rd feminine singular - 'she feared/was afraid'", "*bōgēdâ*": "Qal participle feminine singular - 'treacherous/faithless'", "*yᵉhûdâ*": "proper name - 'Judah'", "*ʾăḥôtâh*": "noun, feminine singular with 3rd feminine singular suffix - 'her sister'", "*wattēleḵ*": "conjunction + Qal imperfect 3rd feminine singular with waw consecutive - 'and she went'", "*wattizen*": "conjunction + Qal imperfect 3rd feminine singular with waw consecutive - 'and she played the harlot'" }, "variants": { "*wāʾēreʾ*": "and I saw/observed/noticed", "*ʾōdôt*": "causes/reasons/occasions", "*niʾăp̄â*": "she committed adultery/was unfaithful", "*mᵉšuḇâ*": "apostate/backsliding/faithless", "*yiśrāʾēl*": "Israel", "*šillaḥtîhā*": "I sent her away/dismissed her/divorced her", "*wāʾettēn*": "and I gave/provided/handed over", "*sēp̄er*": "document/scroll/certificate", "*kᵉrîtutehā*": "her divorce/separation/cutting off", "*yārᵉʾâ*": "she feared/was afraid/was in awe", "*bōgēdâ*": "treacherous/faithless/deceitful", "*yᵉhûdâ*": "Judah", "*ʾăḥôtâh*": "her sister", "*wattēleḵ*": "and she went/proceeded", "*wattizen*": "and she played the harlot/prostituted herself" } }
• Jer 5:5 : 5 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.5.5", "source": "אֵֽלֲכָה־לִּ֤י אֶל־הַגְּדֹלִים֙ וַאֲדַבְּרָ֣ה אוֹתָ֔ם כִּ֣י הֵ֗מָּה יָדְעוּ֙ דֶּ֣רֶךְ יְהוָ֔ה מִשְׁפַּ֖ט אֱלֹהֵיהֶ֑ם אַ֣ךְ הֵ֤מָּה יַחְדָּו֙ שָׁ֣בְרוּ עֹ֔ל נִתְּק֖וּ מוֹסֵרֽוֹת׃", "text": "*'ēlăkâ*-to me to-*haggədōlîm* and *'ădabbərâ* them, for *hēmmâ* *yādə'û* *derek* *YHWH*, *mišpaṭ* their *'ĕlōhîm*; surely *hēmmâ* *yaḥdāw* *šābərû* *'ōl*, *nittəqû* *môsērôt*.", "grammar": { "*'ēlăkâ*": "cohortative, 1st singular - I will go", "*lî*": "preposition + 1st singular suffix - to me/for myself", "*'el*": "preposition - to/toward", "*haggədōlîm*": "article + adjective, masculine plural - the great ones", "*wa*": "conjunction - and", "*'ădabbərâ*": "cohortative, 1st singular, piel - I will speak", "*'ôtām*": "direct object marker + 3rd masculine plural suffix - them", "*kî*": "conjunction - for/because", "*hēmmâ*": "pronoun, 3rd masculine plural - they", "*yādə'û*": "perfect, 3rd plural - they knew", "*derek*": "noun, masculine singular construct - way/road", "*YHWH*": "divine name - Yahweh", "*mišpaṭ*": "noun, masculine singular construct - judgment/justice", "*'ĕlōhîm*": "noun, masculine plural + 3rd masculine plural suffix - their God", "*'ak*": "adverb - surely/only", "*yaḥdāw*": "adverb - together/altogether", "*šābərû*": "perfect, 3rd plural - they broke", "*'ōl*": "noun, masculine singular - yoke", "*nittəqû*": "perfect, 3rd plural, piel - they tore off/burst", "*môsērôt*": "noun, feminine plural - bonds/fetters" }, "variants": { "*'ēlăkâ*-*lî*": "I will go (for myself)", "*haggədōlîm*": "the great ones/leaders/nobles", "*yaḥdāw*": "together/all at once/alike", "*šābərû*": "they broke/shattered/destroyed", "*'ōl*": "yoke/burden", "*nittəqû*": "they tore off/burst/broke away", "*môsērôt*": "bonds/fetters/restraints" } }
• Jer 11:15 : 15 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.11.15", "source": "מֶ֣ה לִֽידִידִ֞י בְּבֵיתִ֗י עֲשׂוֹתָ֤הּ הַֽמְזִמָּ֙תָה֙ הָֽרַבִּ֔ים וּבְשַׂר־קֹ֖דֶשׁ יַעַבְר֣וּ מֵֽעָלָ֑יִךְ כִּ֥י רָעָתֵ֖כִי אָ֥ז תַּעֲלֹֽזִי׃", "text": "What to-*yĕdîdî* in-*bêtî* her-*ʿăśôtāh* *hamĕzimmātāh* *hārabbîm*, and-*bĕśar*-*qōdeš* *yaʿabrû* from-upon-you? For *rāʿātēkî*, then *taʿălōzî*.", "grammar": { "*yĕdîdî*": "noun, masculine singular with 1st person singular suffix - my beloved", "*bêtî*": "noun, masculine singular with 1st person singular suffix - my house", "*ʿăśôtāh*": "Qal infinitive construct with 3rd person feminine singular suffix - her doing", "*hamĕzimmātāh*": "definite noun, feminine singular - the scheme/plot", "*hārabbîm*": "definite adjective, masculine plural - the many", "*bĕśar*": "noun, masculine singular construct - flesh of", "*qōdeš*": "noun, masculine singular - holiness", "*yaʿabrû*": "Qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine plural - they will pass", "*rāʿātēkî*": "noun, feminine singular with 2nd person feminine singular suffix - your evil", "*taʿălōzî*": "Qal imperfect, 2nd person feminine singular - you rejoice" }, "variants": { "*yĕdîdî*": "my beloved/my darling (referring to Israel)", "*ʿăśôtāh hamĕzimmātāh*": "her doing the scheme/her performing wickedness/her executing the plot", "*bĕśar-qōdeš yaʿabrû mēʿālāyik*": "holy flesh will pass from you/sacred meat will remove your evil/sacrifices will avert your punishment", "*taʿălōzî*": "you rejoice/exult/triumph" } }
• Jer 33:24-26 : 24 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.33.24", "source": "הֲל֣וֹא רָאִ֗יתָ מָֽה־הָעָ֤ם הַזֶּה֙ דִּבְּר֣וּ לֵאמֹ֔ר שְׁתֵּ֣י הַמִּשְׁפָּח֗וֹת אֲשֶׁ֨ר בָּחַ֧ר יְהוָ֛ה בָּהֶ֖ם וַיִּמְאָסֵ֑ם וְאֶת־עַמִּי֙ יִנְאָצ֔וּן מִֽהְי֥וֹת ע֖וֹד גּ֥וֹי לִפְנֵיהֶֽם׃", "text": "Have not *rāʾîṯā* what *hāʿām* *hazzeh* *dibbərû* *lēʾmōr* *šəttê* *hammišpāḥôṯ* which *bāḥar* *YHWH* in them *wayyimʾāsēm* and *ʿammî* *yinʾāṣûn* from *mihyôṯ* still *gôy* before them", "grammar": { "*rāʾîṯā*": "qal perfect 2ms - you have seen", "*hāʿām*": "definite article + noun ms - the people", "*hazzeh*": "definite article + demonstrative ms - this", "*dibbərû*": "piel perfect 3p - they have spoken", "*lēʾmōr*": "preposition + qal infinitive construct - saying", "*šəttê*": "numeral construct - two of", "*hammišpāḥôṯ*": "definite article + noun fp - the families", "*bāḥar*": "qal perfect 3ms - he chose", "*wayyimʾāsēm*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect 3ms + 3mp suffix - and he rejected them", "*ʿammî*": "noun ms + 1s suffix - my people", "*yinʾāṣûn*": "piel imperfect 3mp - they despise", "*mihyôṯ*": "preposition + qal infinitive construct - from being", "*gôy*": "noun ms - nation" }, "variants": { "*dibbərû*": "spoken/said/declared", "*hammišpāḥôṯ*": "families/clans/tribes", "*wayyimʾāsēm*": "rejected/spurned/despised them", "*yinʾāṣûn*": "despise/spurn/treat with contempt" } } 25 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.33.25", "source": "כֹּ֚ה אָמַ֣ר יְהוָ֔ה אִם־לֹ֥א בְרִיתִ֖י יוֹמָ֣ם וָלָ֑יְלָה חֻקּ֛וֹת שָׁמַ֥יִם וָאָ֖רֶץ לֹא־שָֽׂמְתִּי׃", "text": "Thus *ʾāmar* *YHWH* if not *ḇərîṯî* *yômām* *wālāyəlāh* *ḥuqqôṯ* *šāmayim* *wāʾāreṣ* not *śāmtî*", "grammar": { "*ʾāmar*": "qal perfect 3ms - he said/says", "*ḇərîṯî*": "noun fs + 1s suffix - my covenant", "*yômām*": "adverb - by day", "*wālāyəlāh*": "waw conjunction + noun ms - and night", "*ḥuqqôṯ*": "noun fp construct - ordinances of", "*šāmayim*": "noun mp - heavens", "*wāʾāreṣ*": "waw conjunction + noun fs - and earth", "*śāmtî*": "qal perfect 1s - I have appointed" }, "variants": { "*ḇərîṯî*": "my covenant/agreement/treaty", "*ḥuqqôṯ*": "ordinances/statutes/decrees", "*śāmtî*": "set/appointed/established" } } 26 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.33.26", "source": "גַּם־זֶ֣רַע יַעֲקוֹב֩ וְדָוִ֨ד עַבְדִּ֜י אֶמְאַ֗ס מִקַּ֤חַת מִזַּרְעוֹ֙ מֹֽשְׁלִ֔ים אֶל־זֶ֥רַע אַבְרָהָ֖ם יִשְׂחָ֣ק וְיַעֲקֹ֑ב כִּֽי־אָשִׁ֥יב אֶת־שְׁבוּתָ֖ם וְרִחַמְתִּֽים׃", "text": "Also *zeraʿ* *yaʿăqôḇ* and *ḏāwiḏ* *ʿaḇdî* *ʾemʾas* from *miqqaḥaṯ* from *mizzarʿô* *mōšəlîm* unto *zeraʿ* *ʾaḇrāhām* *yiśḥāq* and *yaʿăqōḇ* for *ʾāšîḇ* *šəḇûṯām* and *riḥamtîm*", "grammar": { "*zeraʿ*": "noun ms construct - seed of", "*ʿaḇdî*": "noun ms + 1s suffix - my servant", "*ʾemʾas*": "qal imperfect 1s - I will reject", "*miqqaḥaṯ*": "preposition + qal infinitive construct - from taking", "*mizzarʿô*": "preposition + noun ms + 3ms suffix - from his seed", "*mōšəlîm*": "qal participle mp - rulers", "*zeraʿ*": "noun ms construct - seed of", "*ʾāšîḇ*": "hiphil imperfect 1s - I will restore", "*šəḇûṯām*": "noun fs + 3mp suffix - their captivity", "*riḥamtîm*": "piel perfect 1s + 3mp suffix - I will have mercy on them" }, "variants": { "*zeraʿ*": "seed/offspring/descendants", "*ʾemʾas*": "reject/refuse/despise", "*mōšəlîm*": "rulers/governors/ones ruling", "*ʾāšîḇ*": "restore/return/bring back", "*šəḇûṯām*": "their captivity/fortunes/prosperity", "*riḥamtîm*": "have mercy on/compassion on/pity them" } }
• Ezek 22:27 : 27 { "verseID": "Ezekiel.22.27", "source": "שָׂרֶ֣יהָ בְקִרְבָּ֔הּ כִּזְאֵבִ֖ים טֹ֣רְפֵי טָ֑רֶף לִשְׁפָּךְ־דָּם֙ לְאַבֵּ֣ד נְפָשׁ֔וֹת לְמַ֖עַן בְּצֹ֥עַ בָּֽצַע׃", "text": "Her *śāreyhā* in *qirbāh* like *zəʾēḇîm* *ṭōrəp̄ê* *ṭārep̄*; to *lišpāḵ*-*dām*, to *ʾabbēḏ* *nəp̄āšôṯ*, for *ləmaʿan* *bəṣōaʿ* *bāṣaʿ*", "grammar": { "*śāreyhā*": "masculine plural noun with 3rd feminine singular suffix - 'her princes'", "*qirbāh*": "masculine singular noun with 3rd feminine singular suffix - 'her midst'", "*zəʾēḇîm*": "masculine plural noun - 'wolves'", "*ṭōrəp̄ê*": "qal participle, masculine plural construct - 'tearing of'", "*ṭārep̄*": "masculine singular noun - 'prey'", "*lišpāḵ*": "qal infinitive construct - 'to shed'", "*dām*": "masculine singular noun - 'blood'", "*ʾabbēḏ*": "piel infinitive construct - 'to destroy'", "*nəp̄āšôṯ*": "feminine plural noun - 'souls/lives'", "*ləmaʿan*": "preposition + conjunction - 'for the purpose of'", "*bəṣōaʿ*": "qal infinitive construct - 'to gain'", "*bāṣaʿ*": "masculine singular noun - 'profit/gain'" }, "variants": { "*śāreyhā*": "her princes/her officials/her rulers", "*ṭōrəp̄ê*": "tearing of/rending of/ravening", "*ṭārep̄*": "prey/torn flesh", "*ʾabbēḏ*": "to destroy/to cause to perish", "*nəp̄āšôṯ*": "souls/lives/persons", "*bəṣōaʿ* *bāṣaʿ*": "to gain unjust gain/to make dishonest profit" } }
• Ezek 23:18 : 18 { "verseID": "Ezekiel.23.18", "source": "וַתְּגַל֙ תַּזְנוּתֶ֔יהָ וַתְּגַ֖ל אֶת־עֶרְוָתָ֑הּ וַתֵּ֤קַע נַפְשִׁי֙ מֵֽעָלֶ֔יהָ כַּאֲשֶׁ֛ר נָקְעָ֥ה נַפְשִׁ֖י מֵעַ֥ל אֲחוֹתָֽהּ׃", "text": "And *wattəḡal* *taznûtêhā* and *wattəḡal* *ʾet*-*ʿerwātāh* and *wattēqaʿ* *nafšî* from upon her as *nāqəʿâ* *nafšî* from upon *ʾăḥôtāh*", "grammar": { "*wattəḡal*": "3rd feminine singular waw-consecutive imperfect of *gālâ* - and she uncovered/revealed", "*taznûtêhā*": "plural noun + 3rd feminine singular suffix - her harlotries", "*ʾet*-*ʿerwātāh*": "direct object marker + feminine singular noun + 3rd feminine singular suffix - her nakedness", "*wattēqaʿ*": "3rd feminine singular waw-consecutive imperfect of *yāqaʿ* - and was alienated", "*nafšî*": "feminine singular noun + 1st singular suffix - my soul", "*nāqəʿâ*": "3rd feminine singular Qal perfect - was alienated", "*ʾăḥôtāh*": "feminine singular noun + 3rd feminine singular suffix - her sister" }, "variants": { "*wattəḡal*": "she uncovered/revealed/exposed", "*taznûtêhā*": "her harlotries/prostitutions/unfaithfulness", "*ʿerwātāh*": "her nakedness/shame/genitals", "*wattēqaʿ*": "was alienated/turned away/became disgusted", "*nafšî*": "my soul/mind/desire", "*nāqəʿâ*": "was alienated/turned away/became disgusted" } }
• Hos 1:6 : 6 { "verseID": "Hosea.1.6", "source": "וַתַּ֤הַר עוֹד֙ וַתֵּ֣לֶד בַּ֔ת וַיֹּ֣אמֶר ל֔וֹ קְרָ֥א שְׁמָ֖הּ לֹ֣א רֻחָ֑מָה כִּי֩ לֹ֨א אוֹסִ֜יף ע֗וֹד אֲרַחֵם֙ אֶת־בֵּ֣ית יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל כִּֽי־נָשֹׂ֥א אֶשָּׂ֖א לָהֶֽם׃", "text": "And-*tahar* *ʿôd* and-*tēled* *bat* and-*yōʾmer* to-him *qərāʾ* *šəmāh* *Lōʾ Ruḥāmāh* for not *ʾôsîp* *ʿôd* *ʾăraḥēm* *ʾet*-*bêt* *Yiśrāʾēl* for-*nāśōʾ* *ʾeśśāʾ* to-them.", "grammar": { "*tahar*": "qal imperfect consecutive, 3rd person feminine singular - and she conceived", "*ʿôd*": "adverb - again/still/yet", "*tēled*": "qal imperfect consecutive, 3rd person feminine singular - and she bore", "*bat*": "feminine singular noun - daughter", "*yōʾmer*": "qal imperfect consecutive, 3rd person masculine singular - and he said", "*qərāʾ*": "qal imperative, masculine singular - call", "*šəmāh*": "masculine singular noun with 3fs suffix - her name", "*Lōʾ Ruḥāmāh*": "proper noun - Lo-Ruhamah (Not Pitied)", "*ʾôsîp*": "hiphil imperfect, 1st person singular - I will add", "*ʾăraḥēm*": "piel imperfect, 1st person singular - I will have mercy/compassion", "*bêt*": "construct state, masculine singular - house of", "*Yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel", "*nāśōʾ*": "qal infinitive absolute - lifting/forgiving", "*ʾeśśāʾ*": "qal imperfect, 1st person singular - I will lift/forgive" }, "variants": { "*Lōʾ Ruḥāmāh*": "Not Pitied/Not Having Obtained Mercy", "*nāśōʾ ʾeśśāʾ*": "I will surely forgive/I will completely take away/I will utterly pardon" } }
• Hos 1:9 : 9 { "verseID": "Hosea.1.9", "source": "וַיֹּ֕אמֶר קְרָ֥א שְׁמ֖וֹ לֹ֣א עַמִּ֑י כִּ֤י אַתֶּם֙ לֹ֣א עַמִּ֔י וְאָנֹכִ֖י לֹֽא־אֶהְיֶ֥ה לָכֶֽם׃ ס", "text": "And-*yōʾmer* *qərāʾ* *šəmô* *Lōʾ ʿAmmî* for you not *ʿammî* and-*ʾānōkî* not-*ʾehyeh* to-you. [section mark]", "grammar": { "*yōʾmer*": "qal imperfect consecutive, 3rd person masculine singular - and he said", "*qərāʾ*": "qal imperative, masculine singular - call", "*šəmô*": "masculine singular noun with 3ms suffix - his name", "*Lōʾ ʿAmmî*": "proper noun - Lo-Ammi (Not My People)", "*ʿammî*": "masculine singular noun with 1cs suffix - my people", "*ʾānōkî*": "1st person singular pronoun - I", "*ʾehyeh*": "qal imperfect, 1st person singular - I will be" }, "variants": { "*Lōʾ ʿAmmî*": "Not My People", "*ʾānōkî*": "emphatic 'I'" } }
• Hos 3:4 : 4 { "verseID": "Hosea.3.4", "source": "כִּ֣י ׀ יָמִ֣ים רַבִּ֗ים יֵֽשְׁבוּ֙ בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל אֵ֥ין מֶ֙לֶךְ֙ וְאֵ֣ין שָׂ֔ר וְאֵ֥ין זֶ֖בַח וְאֵ֣ין מַצֵּבָ֑ה וְאֵ֥ין אֵפ֖וֹד וּתְרָפִֽים׃", "text": "For *yāmîm* *rabbîm* *yēšəbû* sons-of *Yiśrāʾēl* without *melek* and-without *śār* and-without *zebaḥ* and-without *maṣṣēbāh* and-without *ʾēpôd* and-*tərāpîm*.", "grammar": { "*yāmîm*": "noun, masculine plural - days", "*rabbîm*": "adjective, masculine plural - many", "*yēšəbû*": "qal imperfect, 3rd masculine plural - they will dwell/remain/sit", "*melek*": "noun, masculine singular - king", "*śār*": "noun, masculine singular - prince/ruler/official", "*zebaḥ*": "noun, masculine singular - sacrifice", "*maṣṣēbāh*": "noun, feminine singular - pillar/sacred stone", "*ʾēpôd*": "noun, masculine singular - ephod (priestly garment)", "*tərāpîm*": "noun, masculine plural - teraphim (household idols/cult objects)" }, "variants": { "*yēšəbû*": "they will dwell/remain/sit/inhabit/stay", "*maṣṣēbāh*": "pillar/sacred stone/standing stone (often used in worship)", "*ʾēpôd*": "ephod (priestly garment used for divination)", "*tərāpîm*": "teraphim/household idols/cult objects/divination tools" } }
• Hos 4:9 : 9 { "verseID": "Hosea.4.9", "source": "וְהָיָ֥ה כָעָ֖ם כַּכֹּהֵ֑ן וּפָקַדְתִּ֤י עָלָיו֙ דְּרָכָ֔יו וּמַעֲלָלָ֖יו אָשִׁ֥יב לֽוֹ׃", "text": "*wə-hāyâ* *kāʿām* *kakkōhēn* *û-pāqadtî* *ʿālāyw* *dərākāyw* *û-maʿălālāyw* *ʾāšîb* *lô*", "grammar": { "*wə-hāyâ*": "conjunction + perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - and it will be", "*kāʿām*": "preposition + noun with definite article, masculine singular - like the people", "*kakkōhēn*": "preposition + noun with definite article, masculine singular - like the priest", "*û-pāqadtî*": "conjunction + perfect, 1st person singular - and I will visit/punish", "*ʿālāyw*": "preposition + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - upon him", "*dərākāyw*": "noun, plural + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his ways", "*û-maʿălālāyw*": "conjunction + noun, masculine plural + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - and his deeds/actions", "*ʾāšîb*": "imperfect, 1st person singular, hiphil - I will return/repay", "*lô*": "preposition + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - to him" }, "variants": { "*pāqad*": "visit/punish/attend to", "*derek*": "way/road/path/manner/custom", "*maʿălāl*": "deed/action/practice", "*šûb* (hiphil)": "return/restore/bring back/repay" } }
• Lev 26:30 : 30 { "verseID": "Leviticus.26.30", "source": "וְהִשְׁמַדְתִּ֞י אֶת־בָּמֹֽתֵיכֶ֗ם וְהִכְרַתִּי֙ אֶת־חַמָּ֣נֵיכֶ֔ם וְנָֽתַתִּי֙ אֶת־פִּגְרֵיכֶ֔ם עַל־פִּגְרֵ֖י גִּלּוּלֵיכֶ֑ם וְגָעֲלָ֥ה נַפְשִׁ֖י אֶתְכֶֽם׃", "text": "And *wə-hišmaḏtî* *ʾet*-*bāmōṯêḵem* and *wə-hiḵrattî* *ʾet*-*ḥammānêḵem* and *wə-nāṯattî* *ʾet*-*piḡrêḵem* upon *ʿal*-*piḡrê* *gillûlêḵem* and *wə-ḡāʿălâ* *nap̄šî* you *ʾeṯḵem*.", "grammar": { "*wə-hišmaḏtî*": "conjunction + Hiphil perfect 1st person singular - and I will destroy", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*bāmōṯêḵem*": "feminine plural noun with 2nd person masculine plural suffix - your high places", "*wə-hiḵrattî*": "conjunction + Hiphil perfect 1st person singular - and I will cut off", "*ḥammānêḵem*": "masculine plural noun with 2nd person masculine plural suffix - your sun-pillars", "*wə-nāṯattî*": "conjunction + Qal perfect 1st person singular - and I will put", "*piḡrêḵem*": "masculine plural noun with 2nd person masculine plural suffix - your corpses", "*ʿal*": "preposition - upon", "*piḡrê*": "masculine plural construct - corpses of", "*gillûlêḵem*": "masculine plural noun with 2nd person masculine plural suffix - your idols", "*wə-ḡāʿălâ*": "conjunction + Qal perfect 3rd person feminine singular - and will abhor", "*nap̄šî*": "feminine singular noun with 1st person singular suffix - my soul", "*ʾeṯḵem*": "direct object marker with 2nd person masculine plural suffix - you" }, "variants": { "*hišmaḏtî*": "destroy/annihilate/exterminate", "*bāmōṯêḵem*": "high places/cult platforms", "*hiḵrattî*": "cut off/cut down/destroy", "*ḥammānêḵem*": "sun-pillars/incense altars", "*nāṯattî*": "give/put/place", "*piḡrêḵem*": "corpses/dead bodies", "*gillûlêḵem*": "idols/images/dung-idols", "*ḡāʿălâ*": "abhor/loathe/reject", "*nap̄šî*": "my soul/life/self" } }
• Josh 4:19-24 : 19 { "verseID": "Joshua.4.19", "source": "וְהָעָ֗ם עָלוּ֙ מִן־הַיַּרְדֵּ֔ן בֶּעָשׂ֖וֹר לַחֹ֣דֶשׁ הָרִאשׁ֑וֹן וַֽיַּחֲנוּ֙ בַּגִּלְגָּ֔ל בִּקְצֵ֖ה מִזְרַ֥ח יְרִיחֽוֹ׃", "text": "And the *wə-hā-ʿām* came up *ʿālû* from *min* the *ha-yardên* on tenth *be-ʿāśôr* of the *la-ḥōdeš* the *hā-riʾšôn* and encamped *wa-yyaḥănû* in the *ba-ggilgāl* in border of *bi-qṣēh* east *mizraḥ* *yᵊrîḥô*", "grammar": { "*wə-hā-ʿām*": "conjunction + definite article + masculine singular noun - and the people", "*ʿālû*": "perfect 3rd common plural - came up", "*min*": "preposition - from", "*ha-yardên*": "definite article + proper noun - the Jordan", "*be-ʿāśôr*": "preposition + masculine singular noun - on tenth", "*la-ḥōdeš*": "preposition + definite article + masculine singular noun - of the month", "*hā-riʾšôn*": "definite article + ordinal number masculine singular - the first", "*wa-yyaḥănû*": "conjunction + imperfect 3rd masculine plural - and they encamped", "*ba-ggilgāl*": "preposition + definite article + proper noun - in the Gilgal", "*bi-qṣēh*": "preposition + masculine singular construct - in border/edge of", "*mizraḥ*": "masculine singular construct - east of", "*yᵊrîḥô*": "proper noun - Jericho" }, "variants": { "*ʿālāh*": "come up/ascend/go up", "*ʿāśôr*": "tenth/tenth day", "*ḥōdeš*": "month/new moon", "*riʾšôn*": "first/primary/beginning", "*ḥānāh*": "encamp/camp/pitch", "*qāṣeh*": "border/edge/end", "*mizraḥ*": "east/sunrise direction" } } 20 { "verseID": "Joshua.4.20", "source": "וְאֵת֩ שְׁתֵּ֨ים עֶשְׂרֵ֤ה הָֽאֲבָנִים֙ הָאֵ֔לֶּה אֲשֶׁ֥ר לָקְח֖וּ מִן־הַיַּרְדֵּ֑ן הֵקִ֥ים יְהוֹשֻׁ֖עַ בַּגִּלְגָּֽל׃", "text": "And *wə-ʾēt* twelve *šᵊtêm ʿeśrēh* the *hā-ʾăbānîm* these *hā-ʾēlleh* which *ʾăšer* they took *lāqḥû* from *min* the *ha-yardên* set up *hēqîm* *yᵊhôšūaʿ* in the *ba-ggilgāl*", "grammar": { "*wə-ʾēt*": "conjunction + direct object marker", "*šᵊtêm ʿeśrēh*": "cardinal number feminine - twelve", "*hā-ʾăbānîm*": "definite article + feminine plural noun - the stones", "*hā-ʾēlleh*": "definite article + common plural demonstrative pronoun - these", "*ʾăšer*": "relative pronoun - which", "*lāqḥû*": "perfect 3rd common plural - they took", "*min*": "preposition - from", "*ha-yardên*": "definite article + proper noun - the Jordan", "*hēqîm*": "perfect 3rd masculine singular - set up/established", "*yᵊhôšūaʿ*": "proper noun - Joshua", "*ba-ggilgāl*": "preposition + definite article + proper noun - in the Gilgal" }, "variants": { "*lāqaḥ*": "take/get/fetch", "*qûm*": "set up/establish/raise" } } 21 { "verseID": "Joshua.4.21", "source": "וַיֹּ֛אמֶר אֶל־בְּנֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל לֵאמֹ֑ר אֲשֶׁר֩ יִשְׁאָל֨וּן בְּנֵיכֶ֤ם מָחָר֙ אֶת־אֲבוֹתָ֣ם לֵאמֹ֔ר מָ֖ה הָאֲבָנִ֥ים הָאֵֽלֶּה׃", "text": "And said *wa-yyōʾmer* unto *ʾel* children of *bᵊnê* *yiśrāʾēl* saying *lēʾmōr*, When *ʾăšer* ask *yišʾālûn* your children *bᵊnêkem* tomorrow *māḥār* *ʾet* their fathers *ʾăbôtām* saying *lēʾmōr*, What *māh* the stones *hā-ʾăbānîm* these *hā-ʾēlleh*", "grammar": { "*wa-yyōʾmer*": "conjunction + imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and he said", "*ʾel*": "preposition - unto", "*bᵊnê*": "masculine plural construct - children/sons of", "*yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel", "*lēʾmōr*": "preposition + infinitive construct - saying", "*ʾăšer*": "relative pronoun - when/which", "*yišʾālûn*": "imperfect 3rd masculine plural - ask", "*bᵊnêkem*": "masculine plural noun + 2nd person masculine plural suffix - your sons/children", "*māḥār*": "adverb - tomorrow/in future time", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*ʾăbôtām*": "masculine plural noun + 3rd person masculine plural suffix - their fathers", "*māh*": "interrogative pronoun - what", "*hā-ʾăbānîm*": "definite article + feminine plural noun - the stones", "*hā-ʾēlleh*": "definite article + common plural demonstrative pronoun - these" }, "variants": { "*ʾāmar*": "say/speak/tell", "*šāʾal*": "ask/inquire/request", "*māḥār*": "tomorrow/in the future/in time to come", "*ʾāb*": "father/ancestor/forefather" } } 22 { "verseID": "Joshua.4.22", "source": "וְהוֹדַעְתֶּ֖ם אֶת־בְּנֵיכֶ֣ם לֵאמֹ֑ר בַּיַּבָּשָׁה֙ עָבַ֣ר יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל אֶת־הַיַּרְדֵּ֖ן הַזֶּֽה׃", "text": "Then shall make known *wə-hôdaʿtem* *ʾet* your children *bᵊnêkem* saying *lēʾmōr*, On dry ground *ba-yyabbāšāh* crossed over *ʿābar* *yiśrāʾēl* *ʾet* the *ha-yardên* this *ha-zzeh*", "grammar": { "*wə-hôdaʿtem*": "conjunction + perfect 2nd masculine plural hiphil - then shall make known", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*bᵊnêkem*": "masculine plural noun + 2nd person masculine plural suffix - your sons/children", "*lēʾmōr*": "preposition + infinitive construct - saying", "*ba-yyabbāšāh*": "preposition + definite article + feminine singular noun - on dry ground", "*ʿābar*": "perfect 3rd masculine singular - crossed over", "*yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*ha-yardên*": "definite article + proper noun - the Jordan", "*ha-zzeh*": "definite article + masculine singular demonstrative pronoun - this" }, "variants": { "*yādaʿ*": "know/make known/understand", "*yabbāšāh*": "dry ground/dry land", "*ʿābar*": "cross over/pass through/traverse" } } 23 { "verseID": "Joshua.4.23", "source": "אֲשֶׁר־הוֹבִישׁ֩ יְהוָ֨ה אֱלֹהֵיכֶ֜ם אֶת־מֵ֧י הַיַּרְדֵּ֛ן מִפְּנֵיכֶ֖ם עַֽד־עָבְרְכֶ֑ם כַּאֲשֶׁ֣ר עָשָׂה֩ יְהוָ֨ה אֱלֹהֵיכֶ֧ם לְיַם־ס֛וּף אֲשֶׁר־הוֹבִ֥ישׁ מִפָּנֵ֖ינוּ עַד־עָבְרֵֽנוּ׃", "text": "Which *ʾăšer* dried up *hôbîš* *YHWH* your God *ʾĕlōhêkem* *ʾet* waters of *mê* the *ha-yardên* from before you *mi-ppənêkem* until *ʿad* your crossing over *ʿobrəkem* as *ka-ʾăšer* did *ʿāśāh* *YHWH* your God *ʾĕlōhêkem* to sea of *lə-yam* *sûp* which *ʾăšer* he dried up *hôbîš* from before us *mi-ppānênû* until *ʿad* our crossing over *ʿobrēnû*", "grammar": { "*ʾăšer*": "relative pronoun - which/that", "*hôbîš*": "perfect 3rd masculine singular hiphil - dried up/made dry", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - the LORD", "*ʾĕlōhêkem*": "masculine plural noun + 2nd person masculine plural suffix - your God", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*mê*": "masculine plural construct - waters of", "*ha-yardên*": "definite article + proper noun - the Jordan", "*mi-ppənêkem*": "preposition + plural noun + 2nd person masculine plural suffix - from before you", "*ʿad*": "preposition - until", "*ʿobrəkem*": "infinitive construct + 2nd person masculine plural suffix - your crossing over", "*ka-ʾăšer*": "preposition + relative pronoun - as/just as", "*ʿāśāh*": "perfect 3rd masculine singular - did/made", "*lə-yam*": "preposition + masculine singular construct - to sea of", "*sûp*": "proper noun - Reed/Red", "*mi-ppānênû*": "preposition + plural noun + 1st person common plural suffix - from before us", "*ʿobrēnû*": "infinitive construct + 1st person common plural suffix - our crossing over" }, "variants": { "*yābēš*": "dry up/make dry/wither", "*māyim*": "water/waters/fluid", "*pānîm*": "face/presence/before", "*ʿābar*": "cross over/pass through/traverse", "*ʿāśāh*": "do/make/act", "*yām*": "sea/large body of water", "*sûp*": "reed/end/Red Sea" } } 24 { "verseID": "Joshua.4.24", "source": "לְ֠מַעַן דַּ֜עַת כָּל־עַמֵּ֤י הָאָ֙רֶץ֙ אֶת־יַ֣ד יְהוָ֔ה כִּ֥י חֲזָקָ֖ה הִ֑יא לְמַ֧עַן יְרָאתֶ֛ם אֶת־יְהוָ֥ה אֱלֹהֵיכֶ֖ם כָּל־הַיָּמִֽים׃ ס", "text": "In order that *lə-maʿan* know *daʿat* all *kol* peoples of *ʿammê* the *hā-ʾāreṣ* *ʾet* hand of *yad* *YHWH* that *kî* mighty *ḥăzāqāh* it *hîʾ*, in order that *lə-maʿan* you might fear *yərāʾtem* *ʾet* *YHWH* your God *ʾĕlōhêkem* all *kol* the *ha-yyāmîm*", "grammar": { "*lə-maʿan*": "preposition + conjunction - in order that/so that", "*daʿat*": "infinitive construct - know/knowing", "*kol*": "masculine singular construct - all of", "*ʿammê*": "masculine plural construct - peoples of", "*hā-ʾāreṣ*": "definite article + feminine singular noun - the earth/land", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*yad*": "feminine singular construct - hand of", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - the LORD", "*kî*": "conjunction - that/because", "*ḥăzāqāh*": "adjective feminine singular - mighty/strong", "*hîʾ*": "3rd person feminine singular pronoun - it/she", "*yərāʾtem*": "perfect 2nd masculine plural - you might fear", "*ʾĕlōhêkem*": "masculine plural noun + 2nd person masculine plural suffix - your God", "*ha-yyāmîm*": "definite article + masculine plural noun - the days" }, "variants": { "*maʿan*": "purpose/intent/reason", "*yādaʿ*": "know/understand/perceive", "*ʿam*": "people/nation/folk", "*ʾereṣ*": "earth/land/ground", "*yād*": "hand/power/control", "*ḥāzāq*": "strong/mighty/powerful", "*yārēʾ*": "fear/revere/be afraid", "*yôm*": "day/time/period" } }
• Josh 5:2-9 : 2 { "verseID": "Joshua.5.2", "source": "בָּעֵ֣ת הַהִ֗יא אָמַ֤ר יְהוָה֙ אֶל־יְהוֹשֻׁ֔עַ עֲשֵׂ֥ה לְךָ֖ חַֽרְב֣וֹת צֻרִ֑ים וְשׁ֛וּב מֹ֥ל אֶת־בְּנֵֽי־יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל שֵׁנִֽית׃", "text": "In *ʿēṯ* that *hahîʾ* *ʾāmar* *YHWH* to *yəhôšuaʿ*, *ʿăśê* for yourself *ḥarḇôṯ* *ṣurîm* and *šûḇ* *mōl* *ʾeṯ* *bənê-yiśrāʾēl* a second time.", "grammar": { "*ʿēṯ*": "noun, feminine singular construct - time of", "*hahîʾ*": "definite article + demonstrative pronoun feminine singular - that", "*ʾāmar*": "3rd masculine singular qal perfect - said/spoke", "*YHWH*": "divine name - LORD/Yahweh", "*yəhôšuaʿ*": "proper noun - Joshua", "*ʿăśê*": "2nd masculine singular qal imperative - make/do", "*ḥarḇôṯ*": "noun feminine plural construct - knives of", "*ṣurîm*": "noun masculine plural - flints/rocks", "*šûḇ*": "2nd masculine singular qal imperative - return/again", "*mōl*": "2nd masculine singular qal imperative - circumcise", "*ʾeṯ*": "direct object marker", "*bənê-yiśrāʾēl*": "construct chain - sons of Israel", "*šēnîṯ*": "adverb - second time/again" }, "variants": { "*ʿēṯ*": "time/occasion", "*ʾāmar*": "said/spoke/commanded", "*ʿăśê*": "make/fashion/prepare", "*ḥarḇôṯ*": "knives/sharp implements", "*ṣurîm*": "flints/rocks/sharp stones", "*šûḇ*": "return/again/once more", "*mōl*": "circumcise/cut" } } 3 { "verseID": "Joshua.5.3", "source": "וַיַּעַשׂ־ל֥וֹ יְהוֹשֻׁ֖עַ חַֽרְב֣וֹת צֻרִ֑ים וַיָּ֙מָל֙ אֶת־בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל אֶל־גִּבְעַ֖ת הָעֲרָלֽוֹת׃", "text": "And *wayyaʿaś* for himself *yəhôšuaʿ* *ḥarḇôṯ* *ṣurîm* and *wayyāmāl* *ʾeṯ* *bənê* *yiśrāʾēl* at *giḇʿaṯ* *hāʿărālôṯ*.", "grammar": { "*wayyaʿaś*": "waw-consecutive + 3rd masculine singular qal imperfect - and he made", "*yəhôšuaʿ*": "proper noun - Joshua", "*ḥarḇôṯ*": "noun feminine plural construct - knives of", "*ṣurîm*": "noun masculine plural - flints/rocks", "*wayyāmāl*": "waw-consecutive + 3rd masculine singular qal imperfect - and he circumcised", "*ʾeṯ*": "direct object marker", "*bənê*": "masculine plural construct - sons of", "*yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel", "*giḇʿaṯ*": "noun feminine singular construct - hill of", "*hāʿărālôṯ*": "definite article + noun feminine plural - the foreskins" }, "variants": { "*wayyaʿaś*": "and he made/prepared/fashioned", "*ḥarḇôṯ*": "knives/sharp implements", "*ṣurîm*": "flints/rocks/sharp stones", "*wayyāmāl*": "and he circumcised/cut", "*giḇʿaṯ*": "hill of/height of", "*hāʿărālôṯ*": "the foreskins/prepuces" } } 4 { "verseID": "Joshua.5.4", "source": "וְזֶ֥ה הַדָּבָ֖ר אֲשֶׁר־מָ֣ל יְהוֹשֻׁ֑עַ כָּל־הָעָ֣ם הַיֹּצֵא֩ מִמִּצְרַ֨יִם הַזְּכָרִ֜ים כֹּ֣ל ׀ אַנְשֵׁ֣י הַמִּלְחָמָ֗ה מֵ֤תוּ בַמִּדְבָּר֙ בַּדֶּ֔רֶךְ בְּצֵאתָ֖ם מִמִּצְרָֽיִם׃", "text": "And this is *haddāḇār* which *māl* *yəhôšuaʿ*: All *hāʿām* *hayyōṣēʾ* from *miṣrayim*, *hazzəḵārîm*, all *ʾanšê* *hammilḥāmâ*, *mēṯû* in *hammiḏbār* in *hadderek* when they came out from *miṣrāyim*.", "grammar": { "*haddāḇār*": "definite article + noun masculine singular - the thing/matter/reason", "*māl*": "3rd masculine singular qal perfect - circumcised", "*yəhôšuaʿ*": "proper noun - Joshua", "*hāʿām*": "definite article + noun masculine singular - the people", "*hayyōṣēʾ*": "definite article + participle masculine singular qal - the one coming out", "*miṣrayim*": "proper noun - Egypt", "*hazzəḵārîm*": "definite article + noun masculine plural - the males", "*ʾanšê*": "noun masculine plural construct - men of", "*hammilḥāmâ*": "definite article + noun feminine singular - the war/battle", "*mēṯû*": "3rd common plural qal perfect - they died", "*hammiḏbār*": "definite article + noun masculine singular - the wilderness", "*hadderek*": "definite article + noun masculine singular - the way/road", "*bəṣēʾṯām*": "preposition + infinitive construct with 3rd masculine plural suffix - in their coming out" }, "variants": { "*haddāḇār*": "the thing/matter/reason/cause", "*māl*": "circumcised/cut", "*hāʿām*": "the people/nation/folk", "*hayyōṣēʾ*": "the one coming out/exiting/departing", "*hazzəḵārîm*": "the males/men", "*ʾanšê*": "men of/warriors of", "*hammilḥāmâ*": "the war/battle/fighting", "*mēṯû*": "they died/perished", "*hammiḏbār*": "the wilderness/desert", "*hadderek*": "the way/road/journey" } } 5 { "verseID": "Joshua.5.5", "source": "כִּֽי־מֻלִ֣ים הָי֔וּ כָּל־הָעָ֖ם הַיֹּֽצְאִ֑ים וְכָל־הָ֠עָם הַיִּלֹּדִ֨ים בַּמִּדְבָּ֥ר בַּדֶּ֛רֶךְ בְּצֵאתָ֥ם מִמִּצְרַ֖יִם לֹא־מָֽלוּ׃", "text": "For *mulîm* *hāyû* all *hāʿām* *hayyōṣəʾîm*, and all *hāʿām* *hayyillōḏîm* in *hammiḏbār* in *hadderek* when they came out from *miṣrayim* not *mālû*.", "grammar": { "*mulîm*": "passive participle masculine plural qal - circumcised", "*hāyû*": "3rd common plural qal perfect - they were", "*hāʿām*": "definite article + noun masculine singular - the people", "*hayyōṣəʾîm*": "definite article + participle masculine plural qal - the ones coming out", "*hayyillōḏîm*": "definite article + participle masculine plural niphal - the ones being born", "*hammiḏbār*": "definite article + noun masculine singular - the wilderness", "*hadderek*": "definite article + noun masculine singular - the way/road", "*bəṣēʾṯām*": "preposition + infinitive construct with 3rd masculine plural suffix - in their coming out", "*miṣrayim*": "proper noun - Egypt", "*mālû*": "3rd common plural qal perfect - they circumcised" }, "variants": { "*mulîm*": "circumcised ones/cut ones", "*hāyû*": "they were/they had been", "*hāʿām*": "the people/nation/folk", "*hayyōṣəʾîm*": "the ones coming out/exiting/departing", "*hayyillōḏîm*": "the ones being born/the ones birthed", "*hammiḏbār*": "the wilderness/desert", "*hadderek*": "the way/road/journey", "*mālû*": "they circumcised/they cut" } } 6 { "verseID": "Joshua.5.6", "source": "כִּ֣י ׀ אַרְבָּעִ֣ים שָׁנָ֗ה הָלְכ֣וּ בְנֵֽי־יִשְׂרָאֵל֮ בַּמִּדְבָּר֒ עַד־תֹּ֨ם כָּל־הַגּ֜וֹי אַנְשֵׁ֤י הַמִּלְחָמָה֙ הַיֹּצְאִ֣ים מִמִּצְרַ֔יִם אֲשֶׁ֥ר לֹֽא־שָׁמְע֖וּ בְּק֣וֹל יְהוָ֑ה אֲשֶׁ֨ר נִשְׁבַּ֤ע יְהוָה֙ לָהֶ֔ם לְבִלְתִּ֞י הַרְאוֹתָ֣ם אֶת־הָאָ֗רֶץ אֲשֶׁר֩ נִשְׁבַּ֨ע יְהוָ֤ה לֽ͏ַאֲבוֹתָם֙ לָ֣תֶת לָ֔נוּ אֶ֛רֶץ זָבַ֥ת חָלָ֖ב וּדְבָֽשׁ׃", "text": "For *ʾarbāʿîm* *šānâ* *hāləḵû* *bənê-yiśrāʾēl* in *hammiḏbār* until *tōm* all *haggôy* *ʾanšê* *hammilḥāmâ* *hayyōṣəʾîm* from *miṣrayim* who not *šāməʿû* to *qôl* *YHWH*, who *nišbaʿ* *YHWH* to them to not *harʾôṯām* *ʾeṯ* *hāʾāreṣ* which *nišbaʿ* *YHWH* to *ʾăḇôṯām* to give to us, *ʾereṣ* *zāḇaṯ* *ḥālāḇ* *ûḏəḇāš*.", "grammar": { "*ʾarbāʿîm*": "cardinal number - forty", "*šānâ*": "noun feminine singular - year", "*hāləḵû*": "3rd common plural qal perfect - they walked", "*bənê-yiśrāʾēl*": "construct chain - sons of Israel", "*hammiḏbār*": "definite article + noun masculine singular - the wilderness", "*tōm*": "infinitive construct - completion of", "*haggôy*": "definite article + noun masculine singular - the nation", "*ʾanšê*": "noun masculine plural construct - men of", "*hammilḥāmâ*": "definite article + noun feminine singular - the war/battle", "*hayyōṣəʾîm*": "definite article + participle masculine plural qal - the ones coming out", "*miṣrayim*": "proper noun - Egypt", "*šāməʿû*": "3rd common plural qal perfect - they listened/obeyed", "*qôl*": "noun masculine singular construct - voice of", "*YHWH*": "divine name - LORD/Yahweh", "*nišbaʿ*": "3rd masculine singular niphal perfect - he swore", "*harʾôṯām*": "hiphil infinitive construct with 3rd masculine plural suffix - to show them", "*ʾeṯ*": "direct object marker", "*hāʾāreṣ*": "definite article + noun feminine singular - the land", "*ʾăḇôṯām*": "noun masculine plural with 3rd masculine plural suffix - their fathers", "*ʾereṣ*": "noun feminine singular construct - land of", "*zāḇaṯ*": "qal participle feminine singular construct - flowing with", "*ḥālāḇ*": "noun masculine singular - milk", "*ûḏəḇāš*": "conjunction + noun masculine singular - and honey" }, "variants": { "*hāləḵû*": "they walked/traveled/journeyed", "*tōm*": "completion/end/finishing", "*haggôy*": "the nation/people/community", "*ʾanšê*": "men of/warriors of", "*hammilḥāmâ*": "the war/battle/fighting", "*hayyōṣəʾîm*": "the ones coming out/exiting/departing", "*šāməʿû*": "they listened/heard/obeyed", "*qôl*": "voice/sound/command", "*nišbaʿ*": "he swore/promised/took an oath", "*harʾôṯām*": "to show them/to cause them to see", "*hāʾāreṣ*": "the land/earth/ground", "*ʾăḇôṯām*": "their fathers/ancestors/forefathers", "*zāḇaṯ*": "flowing with/oozing with", "*ḥālāḇ*": "milk/dairy", "*ûḏəḇāš*": "and honey/sweetness" } } 7 { "verseID": "Joshua.5.7", "source": "וְאֶת־בְּנֵיהֶם֙ הֵקִ֣ים תַּחְתָּ֔ם אֹתָ֖ם מָ֣ל יְהוֹשֻׁ֑עַ כִּי־עֲרֵלִ֣ים הָי֔וּ כִּ֛י לֹא־מָ֥לוּ אוֹתָ֖ם בַּדָּֽרֶךְ׃", "text": "And *ʾeṯ* their sons, *hēqîm* in their place, them *māl* *yəhôšuaʿ* for *ʿărēlîm* *hāyû* because not *mālû* them in *haddārek*.", "grammar": { "*ʾeṯ*": "direct object marker", "*bənêhem*": "noun masculine plural construct with 3rd masculine plural suffix - their sons", "*hēqîm*": "3rd masculine singular hiphil perfect - he raised up", "*taḥtām*": "preposition with 3rd masculine plural suffix - in their place", "*ʾōṯām*": "direct object marker with 3rd masculine plural suffix - them", "*māl*": "3rd masculine singular qal perfect - circumcised", "*yəhôšuaʿ*": "proper noun - Joshua", "*ʿărēlîm*": "adjective masculine plural - uncircumcised", "*hāyû*": "3rd common plural qal perfect - they were", "*mālû*": "3rd common plural qal perfect - they circumcised", "*ʾôṯām*": "direct object marker with 3rd masculine plural suffix - them", "*baddārek*": "preposition + definite article + noun masculine singular - in the way" }, "variants": { "*hēqîm*": "he raised up/established/appointed", "*taḥtām*": "in their place/instead of them/in their stead", "*māl*": "circumcised/cut", "*ʿărēlîm*": "uncircumcised ones/those with foreskins", "*hāyû*": "they were/they had been", "*mālû*": "they circumcised/they cut", "*baddārek*": "in the way/on the journey/during travel" } } 8 { "verseID": "Joshua.5.8", "source": "וַיְהִ֛י כַּאֲשֶׁר־תַּ֥מּוּ כָל־הַגּ֖וֹי לְהִמּ֑וֹל וַיֵּשְׁב֥וּ תַחְתָּ֛ם בַּֽמַּחֲנֶ֖ה עַ֥ד חֲיוֹתָֽם׃", "text": "And *wayəhî* when *tammû* all *haggôy* *ləhimmôl* and *wayyēšəḇû* *taḥtām* in *hammaḥăneh* until *ḥăyôṯām*.", "grammar": { "*wayəhî*": "waw-consecutive + 3rd masculine singular qal imperfect 'to be' - and it came to pass", "*tammû*": "3rd common plural qal perfect - they completed", "*haggôy*": "definite article + noun masculine singular - the nation", "*ləhimmôl*": "preposition + niphal infinitive construct - to be circumcised", "*wayyēšəḇû*": "waw-consecutive + 3rd common plural qal imperfect - and they remained", "*taḥtām*": "preposition with 3rd masculine plural suffix - in their place", "*hammaḥăneh*": "definite article + noun masculine singular - the camp", "*ḥăyôṯām*": "qal infinitive construct with 3rd masculine plural suffix - their being healed" }, "variants": { "*wayəhî*": "and it happened/and it came to pass", "*tammû*": "they completed/they finished/they ended", "*haggôy*": "the nation/people/community", "*ləhimmôl*": "to be circumcised/to be cut", "*wayyēšəḇû*": "and they remained/and they stayed/and they dwelt", "*taḥtām*": "in their place/in their positions", "*hammaḥăneh*": "the camp/encampment", "*ḥăyôṯām*": "their being healed/their recovering/their becoming whole" } } 9 { "verseID": "Joshua.5.9", "source": "וַיֹּ֤אמֶר יְהוָה֙ אֶל־יְהוֹשֻׁ֔עַ הַיּ֗וֹם גַּלּ֛וֹתִי אֶת־חֶרְפַּ֥ת מִצְרַ֖יִם מֵעֲלֵיכֶ֑ם וַיִּקְרָ֞א שֵׁ֣ם הַמָּק֤וֹם הַהוּא֙ גִּלְגָּ֔ל עַ֖ד הַיּ֥וֹם הַזֶּֽה׃", "text": "And *wayyōʾmer* *YHWH* to *yəhôšuaʿ*, *hayyôm* *gallôṯî* *ʾeṯ* *ḥerpaṯ* *miṣrayim* from upon you. And *wayyiqrāʾ* *šēm* *hammāqôm* *hahûʾ* *gilgāl* until *hayyôm* *hazzeh*.", "grammar": { "*wayyōʾmer*": "waw-consecutive + 3rd masculine singular qal imperfect - and he said", "*YHWH*": "divine name - LORD/Yahweh", "*yəhôšuaʿ*": "proper noun - Joshua", "*hayyôm*": "definite article + noun masculine singular - the day", "*gallôṯî*": "1st common singular qal perfect - I have rolled away", "*ʾeṯ*": "direct object marker", "*ḥerpaṯ*": "noun feminine singular construct - reproach of", "*miṣrayim*": "proper noun - Egypt", "*mēʿălêḵem*": "preposition + 2nd masculine plural suffix - from upon you", "*wayyiqrāʾ*": "waw-consecutive + 3rd masculine singular qal imperfect - and he called", "*šēm*": "noun masculine singular construct - name of", "*hammāqôm*": "definite article + noun masculine singular - the place", "*hahûʾ*": "definite article + demonstrative pronoun masculine singular - that", "*gilgāl*": "proper noun - Gilgal", "*hayyôm*": "definite article + noun masculine singular - the day", "*hazzeh*": "definite article + demonstrative pronoun masculine singular - this" }, "variants": { "*wayyōʾmer*": "and he said/spoke/declared", "*hayyôm*": "today/this day", "*gallôṯî*": "I have rolled away/removed/taken away", "*ḥerpaṯ*": "reproach/disgrace/shame", "*mēʿălêḵem*": "from upon you/from you", "*wayyiqrāʾ*": "and he called/named/pronounced", "*šēm*": "name/reputation/character", "*hammāqôm*": "the place/location/site", "*gilgāl*": "Gilgal/Rolling" } }
• 1 Sam 7:16 : 16 { "verseID": "1 Samuel.7.16", "source": "וְהָלַ֗ךְ מִדֵּ֤י שָׁנָה֙ בְּשָׁנָ֔ה וְסָבַב֙ בֵּֽית־אֵ֔ל וְהַגִּלְגָּ֖ל וְהַמִּצְפָּ֑ה וְשָׁפַט֙ אֶת־יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל אֵ֥ת כָּל־הַמְּקוֹמ֖וֹת הָאֵֽלֶּה׃", "text": "And *wĕhālak* from-*middê* year in-year and *wĕsābab* *bêt*-*ʾēl* and-the-*gilgāl* and-the-*miṣpâ* and *wĕšāpaṭ* *ʾet*-*yiśrāʾēl* *ʾēt* all-the-places the-these.", "grammar": { "*wĕhālak*": "waw-conjunctive + Qal perfect 3rd masculine singular - and he went", "*middê*": "from + construct state of *day* - from sufficient/as often as", "*wĕsābab*": "waw-conjunctive + Qal perfect 3rd masculine singular - and he circuited", "*wĕšāpaṭ*": "waw-conjunctive + Qal perfect 3rd masculine singular - and he judged" }, "variants": { "*wĕhālak*": "went/traveled/journeyed", "*middê*": "from time to time/year by year/regularly", "*wĕsābab*": "circuited/went around/made a circuit", "*bêt*-*ʾēl*": "Bethel (place name)/house of God", "*gilgāl*": "Gilgal (place name)", "*wĕšāpaṭ*": "judged/governed/decided cases" } }
• 1 Kgs 9:7-9 : 7 { "verseID": "1 Kings.9.7", "source": "וְהִכְרַתִּ֣י אֶת־יִשְׂרָאֵ֗ל מֵעַ֨ל פְּנֵ֤י הָאֲדָמָה֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר נָתַ֣תִּי לָהֶ֔ם וְאֶת־הַבַּ֙יִת֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר הִקְדַּ֣שְׁתִּי לִשְׁמִ֔י אֲשַׁלַּ֖ח מֵעַ֣ל פָּנָ֑י וְהָיָ֧ה יִשְׂרָאֵ֛ל לְמָשָׁ֥ל וְלִשְׁנִינָ֖ה בְּכָל־הָעַמִּֽים׃", "text": "Then I will *wəhikrattî* *ʾet*-*yiśrāʾēl* from-upon *pənê* the-*ʾădāmāh* which *nātattî* to-them, and *ʾet*-the-*bayit* which *hiqdaštî* to-my-*šəmî*, I will *ʾăšallaḥ* from-upon my-*pānāy*; and *wəhāyāh* *yiśrāʾēl* for-*māšāl* and for-*šənînāh* among-all-the-*ʿammîm*.", "grammar": { "*wəhikrattî*": "waw consecutive + hiphil perfect 1cs - and I will cut off", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel", "*pənê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - face of", "*ʾădāmāh*": "noun, feminine singular with article - the ground/land", "*nātattî*": "qal perfect 1cs - I gave", "*bayit*": "noun, masculine singular with article - the house", "*hiqdaštî*": "hiphil perfect 1cs - I sanctified", "*šəmî*": "noun, masculine singular construct + 1cs suffix - my name", "*ʾăšallaḥ*": "piel imperfect 1cs - I will send away", "*pānāy*": "noun, masculine plural construct + 1cs suffix - my face", "*wəhāyāh*": "waw consecutive + qal perfect 3ms - and it will be", "*māšāl*": "noun, masculine singular - proverb/byword", "*šənînāh*": "noun, feminine singular - taunt", "*ʿammîm*": "noun, masculine plural with article - the peoples" }, "variants": { "*wəhikrattî*": "and I will cut off/destroy/remove", "*pənê*": "face/surface of", "*hiqdaštî*": "I sanctified/consecrated/made holy", "*ʾăšallaḥ*": "I will send away/dismiss/cast off", "*māšāl*": "proverb/byword/object of ridicule", "*šənînāh*": "taunt/ridicule/object of scorn", "*ʿammîm*": "peoples/nations/ethnic groups" } } 8 { "verseID": "1 Kings.9.8", "source": "וְהַבַּ֤יִת הַזֶּה֙ יִהְיֶ֣ה עֶלְי֔וֹן כָּל־עֹבֵ֥ר עָלָ֖יו יִשֹּׁ֣ם וְשָׁרָ֑ק וְאָמְר֗וּ עַל־מֶ֨ה עָשָׂ֤ה יְהוָה֙ כָּ֔כָה לָאָ֥רֶץ הַזֹּ֖את וְלַבַּ֥יִת הַזֶּֽה׃", "text": "And the-*bayit* the-*zeh* *yihyeh* *ʿelyôn*, all-*ʿōbēr* by-it *yiššōm* and *wəšārāq*; and *wəʾāmərû*, for-what *ʿāśāh* *YHWH* thus to-the-*ʾāreṣ* the-*zōʾt* and to-the-*bayit* the-*zeh*.", "grammar": { "*bayit*": "noun, masculine singular with article - the house", "*zeh*": "demonstrative adjective - this", "*yihyeh*": "qal imperfect 3ms - it will be", "*ʿelyôn*": "adjective, masculine singular - high/exalted", "*ʿōbēr*": "qal participle, masculine singular - passing by", "*yiššōm*": "qal imperfect 3ms - he will be appalled", "*wəšārāq*": "waw consecutive + qal perfect 3ms - and he will hiss/whistle", "*wəʾāmərû*": "waw consecutive + qal perfect 3mp - and they will say", "*ʿāśāh*": "qal perfect 3ms - he did/made", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - divine name", "*ʾāreṣ*": "noun, feminine singular with article - the land", "*zōʾt*": "demonstrative adjective, feminine - this", "*bayit*": "noun, masculine singular with article - the house", "*zeh*": "demonstrative adjective - this" }, "variants": { "*yihyeh ʿelyôn*": "will be high/exalted/in ruins (contextual meaning)", "*yiššōm*": "will be appalled/astonished/shocked", "*wəšārāq*": "and he will hiss/whistle (as expression of shock)", "*ʿāśāh*": "did/made/brought about" } } 9 { "verseID": "1 Kings.9.9", "source": "וְאָמְר֗וּ עַל֩ אֲשֶׁ֨ר עָזְב֜וּ אֶת־יְהוָ֣ה אֱלֹהֵיהֶ֗ם אֲשֶׁ֨ר הוֹצִ֣יא אֶת־אֲבֹתָם֮ מֵאֶ֣רֶץ מִצְרַיִם֒ וַֽיַּחֲזִ֙קוּ֙ בֵּאלֹהִ֣ים אֲחֵרִ֔ים וַיִּשְׁתַּחֲו֥וּ לָהֶ֖ם וַיַּעֲבְדֻ֑ם עַל־כֵּ֗ן הֵבִ֤יא יְהוָה֙ עֲלֵיהֶ֔ם אֵ֥ת כָּל־הָרָעָ֖ה הַזֹּֽאת׃ פ", "text": "And *wəʾāmərû*, because *ʾăšer* they *ʿāzəbû* *ʾet*-*YHWH* their-*ʾĕlōhêhem*, who *hôṣîʾ* *ʾet*-their-*ʾăbōtām* from-*ʾereṣ* *miṣrayim*, and *wayyaḥăzîqû* to-*ʾĕlōhîm* *ʾăḥērîm* and *wayyištaḥăwû* to-them and *wayyaʿabdûm*; therefore *hēbîʾ* *YHWH* upon-them *ʾēt* all-the-*rāʿāh* the-*zōʾt*.", "grammar": { "*wəʾāmərû*": "waw consecutive + qal perfect 3mp - and they will say", "*ʾăšer*": "relative particle - because/that", "*ʿāzəbû*": "qal perfect 3mp - they forsook", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - divine name", "*ʾĕlōhêhem*": "noun, masculine plural construct + 3mp suffix - their God", "*hôṣîʾ*": "hiphil perfect 3ms - he brought out", "*ʾăbōtām*": "noun, masculine plural construct + 3mp suffix - their fathers", "*ʾereṣ*": "noun, feminine singular construct - land of", "*miṣrayim*": "proper noun - Egypt", "*wayyaḥăzîqû*": "waw consecutive + hiphil imperfect 3mp - and they held fast", "*ʾĕlōhîm*": "noun, masculine plural - gods", "*ʾăḥērîm*": "adjective, masculine plural - other", "*wayyištaḥăwû*": "waw consecutive + hishtaphel imperfect 3mp - and they bowed down", "*wayyaʿabdûm*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect 3mp + 3mp suffix - and they served them", "*hēbîʾ*": "hiphil perfect 3ms - he brought", "*ʾēt*": "direct object marker", "*rāʿāh*": "noun, feminine singular with article - the evil/calamity", "*zōʾt*": "demonstrative adjective, feminine - this" }, "variants": { "*ʿāzəbû*": "they forsook/abandoned/left", "*hôṣîʾ*": "he brought out/led out/delivered", "*wayyaḥăzîqû*": "and they held fast to/seized/embraced", "*ʾĕlōhîm ʾăḥērîm*": "other gods/foreign deities", "*wayyištaḥăwû*": "and they bowed down to/worshiped/prostrated themselves", "*wayyaʿabdûm*": "and they served/worshiped them", "*rāʿāh*": "evil/calamity/disaster" } }
• 2 Kgs 17:17-20 : 17 { "verseID": "2 Kings.17.17", "source": "וַֽ֠יַּעֲבִירוּ אֶת־בְּנֵיהֶ֤ם וְאֶת־בְּנֽוֹתֵיהֶם֙ בָּאֵ֔שׁ וַיִּקְסְמ֥וּ קְסָמִ֖ים וַיְנַחֵ֑שׁוּ וַיִּֽתְמַכְּר֗וּ לַעֲשׂ֥וֹת הָרַ֛ע בְּעֵינֵ֥י יְהוָ֖ה לְהַכְעִיסֽוֹ׃", "text": "And they *ʿābar* *ʾēt*-sons their and *ʾēt*-daughters their in the *ʾēš*, and they *qāsam* *qesem*, and they *nāḥaš*; and they *mākar* to *ʿāśâ* the *raʿ* in eyes of *YHWH* to *kāʿas* him.", "grammar": { "*ʿābar*": "Hiphil imperfect 3rd person masculine plural with waw consecutive - they caused to pass through", "*ʾēt*": "direct object marker", "*ʾēš*": "noun, feminine singular with prefix preposition - in the fire", "*qāsam*": "Qal imperfect 3rd person masculine plural with waw consecutive - they practiced divination", "*qesem*": "noun, masculine plural - divinations", "*nāḥaš*": "Piel imperfect 3rd person masculine plural with waw consecutive - they practiced sorcery/used enchantments", "*mākar*": "Hithpael imperfect 3rd person masculine plural with waw consecutive - they sold themselves", "*ʿāśâ*": "Qal infinitive construct - to do/make", "*raʿ*": "adjective, masculine singular with definite article - the evil", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - the LORD", "*kāʿas*": "Hiphil infinitive construct with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - to provoke/vex him" }, "variants": { "*ʿābar*": "cause to pass through/sacrifice/dedicate [to Molech]", "*ʾēš*": "fire/flame", "*qāsam*": "practice divination/soothsaying/fortune-telling", "*qesem*": "divinations/omens/oracles", "*nāḥaš*": "practice sorcery/use enchantments/observe signs", "*mākar*": "sell themselves/give themselves over/devote themselves", "*raʿ*": "evil/bad/wrong", "*kāʿas*": "provoke/vex/anger" } } 18 { "verseID": "2 Kings.17.18", "source": "וַיִּתְאַנַּ֨ף יְהוָ֤ה מְאֹד֙ בְּיִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל וַיְסִרֵ֖ם מֵעַ֣ל פָּנָ֑יו לֹ֣א נִשְׁאַ֔ר רַ֛ק שֵׁ֥בֶט יְהוּדָ֖ה לְבַדּֽוֹ׃", "text": "And *ʾānap* *YHWH* *mᵊʾōd* in *yiśrāʾēl*, and he *sûr* them from upon *pānîm* his; not *šāʾar*, only *šēbeṭ* *yᵊhûdâ* to alone it.", "grammar": { "*ʾānap*": "Hithpael imperfect 3rd person masculine singular with waw consecutive - he became very angry", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - the LORD", "*mᵊʾōd*": "adverb - very/exceedingly", "*yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel", "*sûr*": "Hiphil imperfect 3rd person masculine singular with waw consecutive with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - he removed them", "*pānîm*": "noun, masculine plural construct with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his face/presence", "*šāʾar*": "Niphal perfect 3rd person masculine singular - remained/was left", "*šēbeṭ*": "noun, masculine singular construct - tribe of", "*yᵊhûdâ*": "proper noun - Judah" }, "variants": { "*ʾānap*": "become angry/be furious/rage", "*mᵊʾōd*": "very/exceedingly/greatly", "*sûr*": "remove/turn aside/take away", "*pānîm*": "face/presence/sight", "*šāʾar*": "remain/be left/stay behind", "*šēbeṭ*": "tribe/clan/staff" } } 19 { "verseID": "2 Kings.17.19", "source": "גַּם־יְהוּדָ֕ה לֹ֣א שָׁמַ֔ר אֶת־מִצְוֺ֖ת יְהוָ֣ה אֱלֹהֵיהֶ֑ם וַיֵּ֣לְכ֔וּ בְּחֻקּ֥וֹת יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל אֲשֶׁ֥ר עָשֽׂוּ׃", "text": "Also *yᵊhûdâ* not *šāmar* *ʾēt*-*miṣwâ* of *YHWH* *ʾĕlōhîm* their, and they *hālak* in *ḥuqqâ* of *yiśrāʾēl* which they *ʿāśâ*.", "grammar": { "*yᵊhûdâ*": "proper noun - Judah", "*šāmar*": "Qal perfect 3rd person masculine singular - he kept/observed", "*ʾēt*": "direct object marker", "*miṣwâ*": "noun, feminine plural construct - commandments of", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - the LORD", "*ʾĕlōhîm*": "noun, masculine plural construct with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - their God", "*hālak*": "Qal imperfect 3rd person masculine plural with waw consecutive - they walked", "*ḥuqqâ*": "noun, feminine plural construct - statutes/customs of", "*yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel", "*ʿāśâ*": "Qal perfect 3rd person common plural - they made/did" }, "variants": { "*šāmar*": "keep/observe/guard", "*miṣwâ*": "commandments/precepts/orders", "*ʾĕlōhîm*": "God/gods", "*hālak*": "walk/go/follow", "*ḥuqqâ*": "statutes/customs/practices", "*ʿāśâ*": "make/do/practice" } } 20 { "verseID": "2 Kings.17.20", "source": "וַיִּמְאַ֨ס יְהוָ֜ה בְּכָל־זֶ֤רַע יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ וַיְעַנֵּ֔ם וַֽיִּתְּנֵ֖ם בְּיַד־שֹׁסִ֑ים עַ֛ד אֲשֶׁ֥ר הִשְׁלִיכָ֖ם מִפָּנָֽיו׃", "text": "And *māʾas* *YHWH* in all-*zeraʿ* of *yiśrāʾēl* and he *ʿānâ* them and he *nātan* them in hand-of *šāsâ* until which he *šālak* them from *pānîm* his.", "grammar": { "*māʾas*": "Qal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular with waw consecutive - he rejected", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - the LORD", "*zeraʿ*": "noun, masculine singular construct - seed/offspring of", "*yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel", "*ʿānâ*": "Piel imperfect 3rd person masculine singular with waw consecutive with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - he afflicted them", "*nātan*": "Qal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular with waw consecutive with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - he gave them", "*šāsâ*": "Qal participle masculine plural - plunderers/spoilers", "*šālak*": "Hiphil perfect 3rd person masculine singular with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - he cast them away", "*pānîm*": "noun, masculine plural construct with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his face/presence" }, "variants": { "*māʾas*": "reject/despise/refuse", "*zeraʿ*": "seed/offspring/descendants", "*ʿānâ*": "afflict/oppress/humble", "*nātan*": "give/deliver/place", "*šāsâ*": "plunderers/spoilers/robbers", "*šālak*": "cast away/throw off/drive out", "*pānîm*": "face/presence/sight" } }
• Ps 78:60 : 60 { "verseID": "Psalms.78.60", "source": "וַ֭יִּטֹּשׁ מִשְׁכַּ֣ן שִׁל֑וֹ אֹ֝֗הֶל שִׁכֵּ֥ן בָּאָדָֽם׃", "text": "*wə-yiṭṭōš miškan šilô* *ʾōhel šikkēn bā-ʾāḏām*", "grammar": { "*wə-yiṭṭōš*": "Qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular with waw consecutive - and he abandoned/forsook", "*miškan*": "tabernacle/dwelling place of - construct form of masculine singular noun", "*šilô*": "Shiloh - proper noun, location", "*ʾōhel*": "tent - masculine singular noun", "*šikkēn*": "Piel perfect 3rd masculine singular - he caused to dwell/pitched", "*bā-ʾāḏām*": "among men/in mankind - preposition + definite article + masculine singular noun" }, "variants": { "*wə-yiṭṭōš*": "abandoned/forsook/rejected", "*miškan*": "tabernacle/dwelling place/abode", "*ʾōhel*": "tent/tabernacle/dwelling", "*šikkēn*": "caused to dwell/pitched/established", "*bā-ʾāḏām*": "among men/among mankind/among humanity" } }
• Amos 4:4 : 4 { "verseID": "Amos.4.4", "source": "בֹּ֤אוּ בֵֽית־אֵל֙ וּפִשְׁע֔וּ הַגִּלְגָּ֖ל הַרְבּ֣וּ לִפְשֹׁ֑עַ וְהָבִ֤יאוּ לַבֹּ֙קֶר֙ זִבְחֵיכֶ֔ם לִשְׁלֹ֥שֶׁת יָמִ֖ים מַעְשְׂרֹֽתֵיכֶֽם׃", "text": "*Bōʾû* *Bêt*-*ʾĒl* *û-pišʿû* the-*Gilgāl* *harbû* to *lipshoaʿ* *wǝ-hābîʾû* to the-*boqer* *zibḥêkem*, to *šǝlōshet* *yāmîm* *maʿśrōtêkem*", "grammar": { "*Bōʾû*": "imperative, masculine plural - come/go", "*Bêt*-*ʾĒl*": "proper noun - Bethel (house of God)", "*û-pišʿû*": "conjunction + imperative, masculine plural - and transgress/rebel", "*Gilgāl*": "proper noun - Gilgal", "*harbû*": "imperative, masculine plural, hiphil - multiply/increase", "*lipshoaʿ*": "preposition + infinitive construct - to transgress/rebel", "*wǝ-hābîʾû*": "conjunction + imperative, masculine plural, hiphil - and bring", "*boqer*": "noun, masculine singular - morning", "*zibḥêkem*": "noun, masculine plural with 2nd person masculine plural suffix - your sacrifices", "*šǝlōshet*": "cardinal number, feminine construct - three of", "*yāmîm*": "noun, masculine plural - days", "*maʿśrōtêkem*": "noun, feminine plural with 2nd person masculine plural suffix - your tithes" }, "variants": { "*Bêt*-*ʾĒl*": "Bethel - important cultic center in northern Israel", "*Gilgāl*": "Gilgal - place of worship", "*pišʿû*": "transgress/rebel/commit offense", "*harbû*": "multiply/increase/make abundant" } }
• Amos 5:5 : 5 { "verseID": "Amos.5.5", "source": "וְאַֽל־תִּדְרְשׁוּ֙ בֵּֽית־אֵ֔ל וְהַגִּלְגָּל֙ לֹ֣א תָבֹ֔אוּ וּבְאֵ֥ר שֶׁ֖בַע לֹ֣א תַעֲבֹ֑רוּ כִּ֤י הַגִּלְגָּל֙ גָּלֹ֣ה יִגְלֶ֔ה וּבֵֽית־אֵ֖ל יִהְיֶ֥ה לְאָֽוֶן׃", "text": "And-not-*tidrəshû* *bêt-ʾēl*, and-*ha-gilgāl* not *tābōʾû*, and-*bəʾēr sheba* not *taʿăbōrû*, for *ha-gilgāl* *gālōh* *yigleh*, and-*bêt-ʾēl* *yihyeh* *lə-ʾāwen*", "grammar": { "*tidrəshû*": "imperfect, qal, 2nd masculine plural - you will seek", "*bêt-ʾēl*": "compound noun - house of God (place name)", "*ha-gilgāl*": "definite article + proper noun - the Gilgal (place name)", "*tābōʾû*": "imperfect, qal, 2nd masculine plural - you will enter/come", "*bəʾēr sheba*": "compound noun - well of seven/oath (place name)", "*taʿăbōrû*": "imperfect, qal, 2nd masculine plural - you will cross over/pass through", "*gālōh* *yigleh*": "infinitive absolute + imperfect, qal, 3rd masculine singular - surely will go into exile", "*yihyeh*": "imperfect, qal, 3rd masculine singular - it will be/become", "*lə-ʾāwen*": "preposition + noun, masculine - to/for iniquity/trouble/idol" }, "variants": { "*tidrəshû*": "seek/inquire/consult/resort to", "*tābōʾû*": "enter/come/go", "*taʿăbōrû*": "cross over/pass through/transgress", "*gālōh* *yigleh*": "surely will go into exile/certainly will be removed", "*ʾāwen*": "trouble/iniquity/wickedness/idol" } }
• Amos 5:27 : 27 { "verseID": "Amos.5.27", "source": "וְהִגְלֵיתִ֥י אֶתְכֶ֖ם מֵהָ֣לְאָה לְדַמָּ֑שֶׂק אָמַ֛ר יְהוָ֥ה אֱלֹהֵֽי־צְבָא֖וֹת שְׁמֽוֹ׃ פ", "text": "And-*higlêtî* *ʾetkhem* from-beyond *lə-dammāśeq*, *ʾāmar* *YHWH* *ʾĕlōhê*-*ṣəbāʾôt* *shəmô*", "grammar": { "*higlêtî*": "perfect, hiphil, 1st common singular - I will cause to go into exile", "*ʾetkhem*": "direct object marker + 2nd masculine plural suffix - you", "*lə-dammāśeq*": "preposition + proper noun - to Damascus", "*ʾāmar*": "perfect, qal, 3rd masculine singular - he has said", "*YHWH*": "divine name", "*ʾĕlōhê*": "construct plural of *ʾĕlōhîm* - God of", "*ṣəbāʾôt*": "noun, feminine plural - hosts/armies", "*shəmô*": "noun, masculine singular + 3rd masculine singular suffix - his name" }, "variants": { "*higlêtî*": "I will cause to go into exile/I will deport", "*ṣəbāʾôt*": "hosts/armies/multitudes" } }
• Mic 3:11 : 11 { "verseID": "Micah.3.11", "source": "רָאשֶׁ֣יהָ ׀ בְּשֹׁ֣חַד יִשְׁפֹּ֗טוּ וְכֹהֲנֶ֙יהָ֙ בִּמְחִ֣יר יוֹר֔וּ וּנְבִיאֶ֖יהָ בְּכֶ֣סֶף יִקְסֹ֑מוּ וְעַל־יְהוָה֙ יִשָּׁעֵ֣נוּ לֵאמֹ֔ר הֲל֤וֹא יְהוָה֙ בְּקִרְבֵּ֔נוּ לֹֽא־תָב֥וֹא עָלֵ֖ינוּ רָעָֽה׃", "text": "*rāʾšêhā* for-*šōḥad* *yišpōṭû* and-*kōhănêhā* for-*mĕḥîr* *yôrû* and-*nĕbîʾêhā* for-*kesep* *yiqsōmû* and-upon-*YHWH* *yiššāʿēnû* saying *hălôʾ* *YHWH* in-*qirbēnû* not-*tābôʾ* upon-us *rāʿâ*", "grammar": { "*rāʾšêhā*": "masculine plural noun with 3rd person feminine singular suffix - her heads/leaders", "*šōḥad*": "masculine singular noun - bribe", "*yišpōṭû*": "3rd person plural qal imperfect - they judge", "*kōhănêhā*": "masculine plural noun with 3rd person feminine singular suffix - her priests", "*mĕḥîr*": "masculine singular noun - price/payment", "*yôrû*": "3rd person plural hiphil imperfect - they teach", "*nĕbîʾêhā*": "masculine plural noun with 3rd person feminine singular suffix - her prophets", "*kesep*": "masculine singular noun - silver/money", "*yiqsōmû*": "3rd person plural qal imperfect - they divine", "*YHWH*": "divine name - LORD", "*yiššāʿēnû*": "3rd person plural niphal imperfect - they lean", "*hălôʾ*": "interrogative particle - is not", "*qirbēnû*": "masculine singular noun with 1st person plural suffix - our midst", "*tābôʾ*": "3rd person feminine singular qal imperfect - she will come", "*rāʿâ*": "feminine singular noun/adjective - evil/disaster" }, "variants": { "*rāʾšêhā*": "her heads/leaders/chiefs", "*šōḥad*": "bribe/gift", "*yišpōṭû*": "they judge/govern", "*mĕḥîr*": "price/payment/hire", "*yôrû*": "they teach/instruct", "*kesep*": "silver/money/payment", "*yiqsōmû*": "they divine/practice divination", "*yiššāʿēnû*": "they lean/rely/depend", "*qirbēnû*": "our midst/among us", "*tābôʾ*": "she will come/arrive/happen", "*rāʿâ*": "evil/disaster/calamity" } }
• Mic 6:5 : 5 { "verseID": "Micah.6.5", "source": "עַמִּ֗י זְכָר־נָא֙ מַה־יָּעַ֗ץ בָּלָק֙ מֶ֣לֶךְ מוֹאָ֔ב וּמֶה־עָנָ֥ה אֹת֖וֹ בִּלְעָ֣ם בֶּן־בְּע֑וֹר מִן־הַשִּׁטִּים֙ עַד־הַגִּלְגָּ֔ל לְמַ֕עַן דַּ֖עַת צִדְק֥וֹת יְהוָֽה׃", "text": "*ʿammî* *zəkār*-*nāʾ* *mah*-*yāʿaṣ* *bālāq* *melek* *môʾāb* *û-meh*-*ʿānāh* *ʾōtô* *bilʿām* *ben*-*bəʿôr* *min*-*haššiṭṭîm* *ʿad*-*haggilgāl* *ləmaʿan* *daʿat* *ṣidqôt* *YHWH*", "grammar": { "*ʿammî*": "noun + 1st person singular suffix - my people", "*zəkār*": "imperative, masculine singular - remember", "*nāʾ*": "particle of entreaty - please/now", "*mah*": "interrogative pronoun - what", "*yāʿaṣ*": "qal perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - he advised/planned", "*bālāq*": "proper noun - Balak", "*melek*": "noun, masculine singular construct - king of", "*môʾāb*": "proper noun - Moab", "*û-meh*": "conjunction + interrogative pronoun - and what", "*ʿānāh*": "qal perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - he answered", "*ʾōtô*": "direct object marker + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - him", "*bilʿām*": "proper noun - Balaam", "*ben*": "noun, masculine singular construct - son of", "*bəʿôr*": "proper noun - Beor", "*min*": "preposition - from", "*haššiṭṭîm*": "definite article + proper noun - the Shittim", "*ʿad*": "preposition - to/until", "*haggilgāl*": "definite article + proper noun - the Gilgal", "*ləmaʿan*": "conjunction - in order that/so that", "*daʿat*": "infinitive construct - to know", "*ṣidqôt*": "noun, feminine plural construct - righteous acts of", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - divine name" }, "variants": { "*yāʿaṣ*": "advised/planned/plotted/schemed", "*ʿānāh*": "answered/responded/replied", "*ṣidqôt*": "righteous acts/vindications/deliverances/saving deeds" } }
• Zeph 3:3 : 3 { "verseID": "Zephaniah.3.3", "source": "שָׂרֶ֣יהָ בְקִרְבָּ֔הּ אֲרָי֖וֹת שֹֽׁאֲגִ֑ים שֹׁפְטֶ֙יהָ֙ זְאֵ֣בֵי עֶ֔רֶב לֹ֥א גָרְמ֖וּ לַבֹּֽקֶר", "text": "*śārêhā* in *qirbāh* *ʾărāyôt* *šōʾăgîm*; *šōpṭêhā* *zeʾēbê* *ʿereb* not *gāremû* to *bōqer*", "grammar": { "*śārêhā*": "masculine plural noun with 3rd feminine singular suffix - her princes/officials", "*qirbāh*": "noun with preposition and 3rd feminine singular suffix - in her midst", "*ʾărāyôt*": "masculine plural noun - lions", "*šōʾăgîm*": "qal participle masculine plural - roaring", "*šōpṭêhā*": "masculine plural qal participle with 3rd feminine singular suffix - her judges", "*zeʾēbê*": "masculine plural construct - wolves of", "*ʿereb*": "masculine singular noun - evening", "*gāremû*": "qal perfect 3rd common plural - they left/gnawed", "*bōqer*": "masculine singular noun with preposition - for/until morning" }, "variants": { "*śārêhā*": "her princes/officials/rulers", "*qirbāh*": "in her midst/among her", "*ʾărāyôt*": "lions/predators", "*šōʾăgîm*": "roaring/growling", "*šōpṭêhā*": "her judges/rulers", "*zeʾēbê*": "wolves of", "*ʿereb*": "evening/night", "*gāremû*": "left over/gnawed/reserved [bones]" } }
• Zech 11:8 : 8 { "verseID": "Zechariah.11.8", "source": "וָאַכְחִ֛ד אֶת־שְׁלֹ֥שֶׁת הָרֹעִ֖ים בְּיֶ֣רַח אֶחָ֑ד וַתִּקְצַ֤ר נַפְשִׁי֙ בָּהֶ֔ם וְגַם־נַפְשָׁ֖ם בָּחֲלָ֥ה בִֽי׃", "text": "*wāʾaḵḥiḏ* *ʾeṯ-šəlōšeṯ* *hārōʿîm* *bəyeraḥ* *ʾeḥāḏ* *wattiḵṣar* *nap̄šî* *bāhem* *wəḡam-nap̄šām* *bāḥălāh* *ḇî*", "grammar": { "*wāʾaḵḥiḏ*": "conjunction + imperfect consecutive, 1st person singular, hiphil - and I cut off/destroyed", "*ʾeṯ-šəlōšeṯ*": "direct object marker + cardinal number, feminine singular construct - three of", "*hārōʿîm*": "article + participle, masculine plural, qal - the shepherds", "*bəyeraḥ*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular - in month", "*ʾeḥāḏ*": "cardinal number, masculine singular - one", "*wattiḵṣar*": "conjunction + imperfect consecutive, 3rd person feminine singular, qal - and became impatient", "*nap̄šî*": "noun, feminine singular construct with 1st person singular suffix - my soul", "*bāhem*": "preposition with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - with them", "*wəḡam-nap̄šām*": "conjunction + particle + noun, feminine singular construct with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - and also their soul", "*bāḥălāh*": "perfect, 3rd person feminine singular, qal - loathed/detested", "*ḇî*": "preposition with 1st person singular suffix - against me" }, "variants": { "*wāʾaḵḥiḏ*": "and I cut off/destroyed/got rid of", "*šəlōšeṯ*": "three of", "*hārōʿîm*": "the shepherds/pastors", "*bəyeraḥ*": "in month/moon", "*ʾeḥāḏ*": "one/single", "*wattiḵṣar*": "and became impatient/was wearied/grew weary", "*nap̄šî*": "my soul/life/self", "*wəḡam*": "and also/moreover", "*nap̄šām*": "their soul/life/self", "*bāḥălāh*": "loathed/detested/abhorred" } }
• Acts 4:5-7 : 5 { "verseID": "Acts.4.5", "source": "Ἐγένετο δὲ ἐπὶ τὴν αὔριον, συναχθῆναι αὐτῶν τοὺς ἄρχοντας, καὶ πρεσβυτέρους, καὶ γραμματεῖς, εἰς Ἱερουσαλήμ.", "text": "*Egeneto* *de* on the *aurion*, *synachthēnai* their the *archontas*, and *presbyterous*, and *grammateis*, in *Ierousalēm*.", "grammar": { "*Egeneto*": "aorist middle indicative, 3rd singular - it happened/came to pass", "*de*": "postpositive particle - but/and/now", "*aurion*": "accusative, feminine, singular - morrow/next day", "*synachthēnai*": "aorist passive infinitive - to be gathered together", "*archontas*": "accusative, masculine, plural - rulers/leaders", "*presbyterous*": "accusative, masculine, plural - elders", "*grammateis*": "accusative, masculine, plural - scribes", "*Ierousalēm*": "accusative, feminine, singular - Jerusalem" }, "variants": { "*Egeneto*": "it happened/came to pass/came about", "*synachthēnai*": "to be gathered/assembled/brought together", "*archontas*": "rulers/leaders/officials", "*presbyterous*": "elders/older men", "*grammateis*": "scribes/experts in the law" } } 6 { "verseID": "Acts.4.6", "source": "Καὶ Ἄνναν τὸν ἀρχιερέα, καὶ Καϊάφαν, καὶ Ἰωάννην, καὶ Ἀλέξανδρον, καὶ ὅσοι ἦσαν ἐκ γένους ἀρχιερατικοῦ,", "text": "And *Annan* the *archierea*, and *Kaiaphan*, and *Iōannēn*, and *Alexandron*, and as many as were from *genous* *archieratikou*,", "grammar": { "*Annan*": "accusative, masculine, singular - Annas", "*archierea*": "accusative, masculine, singular - high priest", "*Kaiaphan*": "accusative, masculine, singular - Caiaphas", "*Iōannēn*": "accusative, masculine, singular - John", "*Alexandron*": "accusative, masculine, singular - Alexander", "*genous*": "genitive, neuter, singular - family/kindred/descent", "*archieratikou*": "genitive, neuter, singular - high-priestly" }, "variants": { "*genous*": "family/race/descent/kindred", "*archieratikou*": "high-priestly/of high-priestly descent" } } 7 { "verseID": "Acts.4.7", "source": "Καὶ στήσαντες αὐτοὺς ἐν τῷ μέσῳ, ἐπυνθάνοντο, Ἐν ποίᾳ δυνάμει, ἢ ἐν ποίῳ ὀνόματι, ἐποιήσατε τοῦτο ὑμεῖς;", "text": "And *stēsantes* them in the *mesō*, *epynthanonto*, In what *dynamei*, or in what *onomati*, *epoiēsate* this you?", "grammar": { "*stēsantes*": "aorist active participle, nominative, masculine, plural - having placed/set", "*mesō*": "dative, neuter, singular - middle/midst", "*epynthanonto*": "imperfect middle indicative, 3rd plural - were inquiring/questioning", "*dynamei*": "dative, feminine, singular - power/might", "*onomati*": "dative, neuter, singular - name", "*epoiēsate*": "aorist active indicative, 2nd plural - you did/have done" }, "variants": { "*stēsantes*": "having placed/set/stood", "*mesō*": "middle/midst/center", "*epynthanonto*": "were inquiring/asking/questioning", "*dynamei*": "power/authority/might/strength", "*onomati*": "name/authority/reputation" } }
• Acts 4:27 : 27 { "verseID": "Acts.4.27", "source": "Συνήχθησαν γὰρ, ἐπʼ ἀληθείας ἐπὶ τὸν ἅγιον παῖδά σου Ἰησοῦν, ὃν ἔχρισας, Ἡρῴδης τε, καὶ Πόντιος Πιλάτος, σὺν Ἔθνεσιν, καὶ λαοῖς Ἰσραήλ,", "text": "*Synēchthēsan* *gar*, *ep'* *alētheias* against the *hagion* *paida* of you *Iēsoun*, whom *echrisas*, *Hērōdēs* *te*, and *Pontios* *Pilatos*, with *Ethnesin*, and *laois* *Israēl*,", "grammar": { "*Synēchthēsan*": "aorist passive indicative, 3rd plural - were gathered together", "*gar*": "postpositive conjunction - for/because", "*ep'*": "preposition + genitive - upon/in", "*alētheias*": "genitive, feminine, singular - truth", "*hagion*": "accusative, masculine, singular - holy", "*paida*": "accusative, masculine, singular - servant/child", "*Iēsoun*": "accusative, masculine, singular - Jesus", "*echrisas*": "aorist active indicative, 2nd singular - you anointed", "*Hērōdēs*": "nominative, masculine, singular - Herod", "*te*": "conjunction - and/both", "*Pontios*": "nominative, masculine, singular - Pontius", "*Pilatos*": "nominative, masculine, singular - Pilate", "*Ethnesin*": "dative, neuter, plural - Gentiles/nations", "*laois*": "dative, masculine, plural - peoples", "*Israēl*": "genitive, masculine, singular - Israel" }, "variants": { "*Synēchthēsan*": "were gathered/assembled together", "*ep'* *alētheias*": "truly/in truth/indeed", "*hagion*": "holy/set apart", "*paida*": "servant/child", "*echrisas*": "you anointed/appointed/consecrated", "*Ethnesin*": "Gentiles/nations/peoples" } }
• Hos 5:1-2 : 1 { "verseID": "Hosea.5.1", "source": "שִׁמְעוּ־זֹ֨את הַכֹּהֲנִ֜ים וְהַקְשִׁ֣יבוּ ׀ בֵּ֣ית יִשְׂרָאֵ֗ל וּבֵ֤ית הַמֶּ֙לֶךְ֙ הַאֲזִ֔ינוּ כִּ֥י לָכֶ֖ם הַמִּשְׁפָּ֑ט כִּֽי־פַח֙ הֱיִיתֶ֣ם לְמִצְפָּ֔ה וְרֶ֖שֶׁת פְּרוּשָׂ֥ה עַל־תָּבֽוֹר׃", "text": "*Šimʿû*-this, the *kōhănîm*, *wə*-*haqšîḇû* house of *Yiśrāʾēl*, *û*-house of the *meleḵ* *haʾăzînû*, for to-you the *mišpāṭ*; for-*paḥ* you-have-been to-*Miṣpâ*, *wə*-*rešeṯ* *pərûśâ* upon-*Tāḇôr*.", "grammar": { "*Šimʿû*": "imperative, masculine plural - hear/listen", "*kōhănîm*": "noun, masculine plural - priests", "*wə*": "conjunction - and", "*haqšîḇû*": "imperative, masculine plural - pay attention/listen closely", "*Yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel", "*û*": "conjunction - and", "*meleḵ*": "noun, masculine singular construct - king", "*haʾăzînû*": "imperative, masculine plural - give ear/listen", "*mišpāṭ*": "noun, masculine singular - judgment/justice", "*paḥ*": "noun, masculine singular - trap/snare", "*Miṣpâ*": "proper noun - Mizpah", "*rešeṯ*": "noun, feminine singular - net", "*pərûśâ*": "participle, passive, feminine singular - spread out", "*Tāḇôr*": "proper noun - Tabor" }, "variants": { "*Šimʿû*": "hear/listen/obey", "*kōhănîm*": "priests", "*haqšîḇû*": "pay attention/give heed/listen carefully", "*haʾăzînû*": "give ear/listen attentively", "*mišpāṭ*": "judgment/justice/legal decision/case", "*paḥ*": "trap/snare/bird trap", "*rešeṯ*": "net/trap/snare", "*pərûśâ*": "spread out/extended/deployed" } } 2 { "verseID": "Hosea.5.2", "source": "וְשַׁחֲטָ֥ה שֵׂטִ֖ים הֶעְמִ֑יקוּ וַאֲנִ֖י מוּסָ֥ר לְכֻלָּֽם׃", "text": "*Wə*-*šaḥăṭâ* *śēṭîm* *heʿmîqû* *wa*-*ʾănî* *mûsār* to-all-of-them.", "grammar": { "*wə*": "conjunction - and", "*šaḥăṭâ*": "noun, feminine singular - slaughter/killing", "*śēṭîm*": "participle, masculine plural - rebels/those who turn aside", "*heʿmîqû*": "perfect, hiphil, 3rd person plural - they made deep/went deep", "*wa*": "conjunction - and", "*ʾănî*": "personal pronoun, 1st person singular - I", "*mûsār*": "noun, masculine singular - discipline/chastisement" }, "variants": { "*šaḥăṭâ*": "slaughter/killing/slaughtering", "*śēṭîm*": "rebels/revolters/those who turn aside", "*heʿmîqû*": "made deep/went deep/made profound", "*mûsār*": "discipline/chastisement/correction/punishment" } }
• Hos 7:2 : 2 { "verseID": "Hosea.7.2", "source": "וּבַל־יֹֽאמְרוּ֙ לִלְבָבָ֔ם כָּל־רָעָתָ֖ם זָכָ֑רְתִּי עַתָּה֙ סְבָב֣וּם מַֽעַלְלֵיהֶ֔ם נֶ֥גֶד פָּנַ֖י הָיֽוּ׃", "text": "*ûḇal*-*yōʾmərû* *lilḇāḇām* all-*rāʿātām* *zāḵārətî* *ʿattâ* *səḇāḇûm* *maʿaləlêhem* *neḡeḏ* *pānay* *hāyû*.", "grammar": { "*ûḇal*": "conjunction + negative particle - and not/lest", "*yōʾmərû*": "qal imperfect 3rd masculine plural - they say/think", "*lilḇāḇām*": "preposition *lə* + noun, masculine singular + 3rd masculine plural suffix - to their heart", "*rāʿātām*": "noun, feminine singular + 3rd masculine plural suffix - their evil/wickedness", "*zāḵārətî*": "qal perfect 1st singular - I remember/have remembered", "*ʿattâ*": "adverb - now", "*səḇāḇûm*": "qal perfect 3rd plural + 3rd masculine plural suffix - they surround them", "*maʿaləlêhem*": "noun, masculine plural + 3rd masculine plural suffix - their deeds/practices", "*neḡeḏ*": "preposition - before/in front of", "*pānay*": "noun, masculine plural construct + 1st singular suffix - my face", "*hāyû*": "qal perfect 3rd plural - they are/have been" }, "variants": { "*ûḇal*": "and not/lest/cannot", "*yōʾmərû*": "say/speak/think", "*lilḇāḇām*": "to their heart/mind/inner self", "*rāʿātām*": "their evil/wickedness/calamity", "*zāḵārətî*": "I remember/recall/keep in mind", "*səḇāḇûm*": "surround them/encircle them", "*maʿaləlêhem*": "their deeds/practices/actions", "*neḡeḏ*": "before/in front of/opposite" } }
• Hos 9:3 : 3 { "verseID": "Hosea.9.3", "source": "לֹ֥א יֵשְׁב֖וּ בְּאֶ֣רֶץ יְהוָ֑ה וְשָׁ֤ב אֶפְרַ֙יִם֙ מִצְרַ֔יִם וּבְאַשּׁ֖וּר טָמֵ֥א יֹאכֵֽלוּ׃", "text": "Not *yēšbû* in-*ʾereṣ* *YHWH* and-*šāb* *ʾeprayim* *miṣrayim* and-in-*ʾaššûr* *ṭāmēʾ* *yōʾkēlû*.", "grammar": { "*yēšbû*": "qal imperfect 3rd masculine plural - 'they will dwell/remain'", "*ʾereṣ*": "feminine singular construct - 'land of'", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - divine name", "*šāb*": "qal perfect 3rd masculine singular - 'returned/will return'", "*ʾeprayim*": "proper noun - 'Ephraim' (northern kingdom)", "*miṣrayim*": "proper noun - 'Egypt'", "*ʾaššûr*": "proper noun - 'Assyria'", "*ṭāmēʾ*": "adjective masculine singular - 'unclean/defiled'", "*yōʾkēlû*": "qal imperfect 3rd masculine plural - 'they will eat'" }, "variants": { "*yēšbû*": "they will dwell/they will remain/they will inhabit", "*ʾereṣ*": "land/country/territory", "*šāb*": "returned/will return/turned back", "*ṭāmēʾ*": "unclean/defiled/impure food", "*yōʾkēlû*": "they will eat/they will consume" } }
• Hos 9:17 : 17 { "verseID": "Hosea.9.17", "source": "יִמְאָסֵ֣ם אֱלֹהַ֔י כִּ֛י לֹ֥א שָׁמְע֖וּ ל֑וֹ וְיִהְי֥וּ נֹדְדִ֖ים בַּגּוֹיִֽם׃", "text": "*Yimʾāsēm* *ʾĕlōhay* because not *šāmeʿû* to-him, and-*yihyû* *nōdedîm* among-the-*gôyim*.", "grammar": { "*Yimʾāsēm*": "qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular with 3rd masculine plural suffix - 'he will reject them'", "*ʾĕlōhay*": "masculine plural noun with 1st singular suffix - 'my God'", "*šāmeʿû*": "qal perfect 3rd common plural - 'they listened/obeyed'", "*yihyû*": "qal imperfect 3rd masculine plural - 'they will be'", "*nōdedîm*": "qal participle masculine plural - 'wanderers'", "*gôyim*": "masculine plural noun with definite article - 'the nations'" }, "variants": { "*Yimʾāsēm*": "he will reject them/he will cast them away/he will despise them", "*šāmeʿû*": "they listened/they obeyed/they hearkened", "*nōdedîm*": "wanderers/fugitives/homeless ones", "*gôyim*": "nations/gentiles/peoples" } }
• Acts 5:21 : 21 { "verseID": "Acts.5.21", "source": "Ἀκούσαντες δὲ, εἰσῆλθον ὑπὸ τὸν ὄρθρον εἰς τὸ ἱερόν, καὶ ἐδίδασκον. Παραγενόμενος δὲ ὁ ἀρχιερεὺς, καὶ οἱ σὺν αὐτῷ, συνεκάλεσαν τὸ συνέδριον, καὶ πᾶσαν τὴν γερουσίαν τῶν υἱῶν Ἰσραήλ, καὶ ἀπέστειλαν εἰς τὸ δεσμωτήριον ἀχθῆναι αὐτούς.", "text": "*Akousantes* *de*, *eisēlthon* at the *orthron* into the *hieron*, and *edidaskon*. *Paragenomenos* *de* the *archiereus*, and those *syn* him, *synekalesen* the *synedrion*, and all the *gerousian* of the *huiōn* of *Israēl*, and *apesteilan* to the *desmōtērion* *achthēnai* them.", "grammar": { "*Akousantes*": "aorist, active, participle, nominative, masculine, plural - having heard", "*de*": "postpositive conjunction - but/and", "*eisēlthon*": "aorist, active, indicative, 3rd plural - entered", "*orthron*": "accusative, masculine, singular - dawn/daybreak", "*hieron*": "accusative, neuter, singular - temple", "*edidaskon*": "imperfect, active, indicative, 3rd plural - were teaching", "*Paragenomenos*": "aorist, middle, participle, nominative, masculine, singular - having arrived", "*archiereus*": "nominative, masculine, singular - high priest", "*syn*": "preposition + dative - with", "*synekalesen*": "aorist, active, indicative, 3rd singular - convened/called together", "*synedrion*": "accusative, neuter, singular - council/Sanhedrin", "*gerousian*": "accusative, feminine, singular - council of elders", "*huiōn*": "genitive, masculine, plural - sons", "*Israēl*": "genitive, masculine, singular - Israel", "*apesteilan*": "aorist, active, indicative, 3rd plural - sent", "*desmōtērion*": "accusative, neuter, singular - prison", "*achthēnai*": "aorist, passive, infinitive - to be brought" }, "variants": { "*orthron*": "dawn/daybreak/early morning", "*edidaskon*": "were teaching/were instructing", "*synedrion*": "council/Sanhedrin/court", "*gerousian*": "council of elders/senate", "*desmōtērion*": "prison/jail" } }
• Josh 10:43 : 43 { "verseID": "Joshua.10.43", "source": "וַיָּשָׁב יְהוֹשֻׁעַ וְכָל־יִשְׂרָאֵל עִמּוֹ אֶל־הַמַּחֲנֶה הַגִּלְגָּלָה", "text": "*wə-yāšāḇ* *Yəhôšūaʿ* *wə*-all-*Yiśrāʾēl* *ʿimmô* to-the-*maḥăneh* the-*Gilgālāh*", "grammar": { "*wə-yāšāḇ*": "conjunction + Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he returned", "*Yəhôšūaʿ*": "proper noun, masculine singular - Joshua", "*wə*": "conjunction - and", "*Yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel", "*ʿimmô*": "preposition + 3rd masculine singular suffix - with him", "*maḥăneh*": "common noun, masculine singular - camp", "*Gilgālāh*": "proper noun, place name with directional heh - to Gilgal" }, "variants": { "*Gilgālāh*": "to Gilgal (with directional heh suffix indicating movement toward)" } }