Verse 3

{ "verseID": "Psalms.101.3", "source": "לֹֽא־אָשִׁ֨ית ׀ לְנֶ֥גֶד עֵינַ֗י דְּֽבַר־בְּלִ֫יָּ֥עַל עֲשֹֽׂה־סֵטִ֥ים שָׂנֵ֑אתִי לֹ֖א יִדְבַּ֣ק בִּֽי׃", "text": "Not-I will *ʾāshît* before *ʿênay*-my *dəbar*-*bəliyyaʿal*. *ʿaśôh*-*sēṭîm* I *śānēʾtî*; not *yidbaq* to-me.", "grammar": { "*ʾāshît*": "Qal imperfect 1st person singular - I will set/place/put", "*ʿênay*": "dual noun with 1st person singular possessive suffix - my eyes", "*dəbar*": "masculine singular construct - word/thing/matter of", "*bəliyyaʿal*": "masculine noun - worthlessness/wickedness/destruction", "*ʿaśôh*": "Qal infinitive absolute - doing/making/working", "*sēṭîm*": "masculine plural noun - deviations/turning aside/apostasy", "*śānēʾtî*": "Qal perfect 1st person singular - I have hated", "*yidbaq*": "Qal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular - it will cling/adhere/stick" }, "variants": { "*ʾāshît*": "I will set/I will place/I will put", "*ʿênay*": "my eyes/my sight/my perception", "*dəbar*": "word/matter/thing/affair", "*bəliyyaʿal*": "worthlessness/wickedness/evil/destruction/Belial", "*ʿaśôh*": "doing/practicing/committing", "*sēṭîm*": "turning aside/deviations/apostasies/those who turn aside", "*śānēʾtî*": "I have hated/I hate/I despise", "*yidbaq*": "it will cling/it will adhere/it will attach itself" } }

Other Translations

Referenced Verses

  • Job 31:1 : 1 { "verseID": "Job.31.1", "source": "בְּ֭רִית כָּרַ֣תִּי לְעֵינָ֑י וּמָ֥ה אֶ֝תְבּוֹנֵ֗ן עַל־בְּתוּלָֽה׃", "text": "*bərit kāratî* to *ʿênāy* and *mâ ʾetbônēn* upon-*bətûlâ*", "grammar": { "*bərit*": "noun, feminine, singular construct - covenant", "*kāratî*": "verb, qal perfect, 1st person singular - I cut/made", "*ʿênāy*": "noun, feminine, dual construct with 1st person singular suffix - my eyes", "*mâ*": "interrogative pronoun - what/how", "*ʾetbônēn*": "verb, hithpael imperfect, 1st person singular - I would look at/consider", "*bətûlâ*": "noun, feminine singular - virgin/maiden" }, "variants": { "*bərit kāratî*": "I made a covenant/I cut a covenant", "*ʾetbônēn*": "I would consider/I would look at/I would gaze upon", "*bətûlâ*": "virgin/young unmarried woman" } }
  • 2 Sam 11:2-3 : 2 { "verseID": "2 Samuel.11.2", "source": "וַיְהִ֣י ׀ לְעֵ֣ת הָעֶ֗רֶב וַיָּ֨קָם דָּוִ֜ד מֵעַ֤ל מִשְׁכָּבוֹ֙ וַיִּתְהַלֵּךְ֙ עַל־גַּ֣ג בֵּית־הַמֶּ֔לֶךְ וַיַּ֥רְא אִשָּׁ֛ה רֹחֶ֖צֶת מֵעַ֣ל הַגָּ֑ג וְהָ֣אִשָּׁ֔ה טוֹבַ֥ת מַרְאֶ֖ה מְאֹֽד׃", "text": "*wə-yhiy* at *ʿēt ha-ʿereb* and *wa-yāqom Dāwid* from upon *mishkābô* and *wa-yithalēch* upon *gag bêyt-ha-melech* and *wa-yarʾ ʾishâ rocheset* from upon *ha-gāg* and *ha-ʾishâ tôbat marʾeh məʾōd*", "grammar": { "*wə-yhiy*": "consecutive imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and it happened/came to pass", "*ʿēt ha-ʿereb*": "construct state - at the time of evening", "*wa-yāqom*": "consecutive imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and he arose", "*mishkābô*": "noun masculine singular with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his bed", "*wa-yithalēch*": "consecutive imperfect 3rd masculine singular hitpael - and he walked about/paced", "*gag bêyt-ha-melech*": "construct chain - roof of the king's house", "*wa-yarʾ*": "consecutive imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and he saw", "*ʾishâ rocheset*": "woman bathing/washing herself, participle feminine singular", "*ha-gāg*": "the roof", "*tôbat marʾeh məʾōd*": "good of appearance very - very beautiful in appearance" }, "variants": { "*yithalēch*": "walked about/paced/strolled", "*rocheset*": "bathing/washing/cleansing herself", "*tôbat marʾeh*": "beautiful in appearance/good-looking/attractive" } } 3 { "verseID": "2 Samuel.11.3", "source": "וַיִּשְׁלַ֣ח דָּוִ֔ד וַיִּדְרֹ֖שׁ לָֽאִשָּׁ֑ה וַיֹּ֗אמֶר הֲלוֹא־זֹאת֙ בַּת־שֶׁ֣בַע בַּת־אֱלִיעָ֔ם אֵ֖שֶׁת אוּרִיָּ֥ה הַחִתִּֽי׃", "text": "*wa-yishlach Dāwid* and *wa-yidrōsh* about *lā-ʾishâ* and *wa-yōʾmer* is not this *Bat-shebaʿ bat-ʾĕlîʿām ʾēshet ʾÛrîyâ ha-Chittî*", "grammar": { "*wa-yishlach*": "consecutive imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and he sent", "*wa-yidrōsh*": "consecutive imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and he inquired", "*lā-ʾishâ*": "preposition lamed + definite article + noun feminine singular - concerning the woman", "*wa-yōʾmer*": "consecutive imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and he/someone said", "*bat*": "daughter/daughter of", "*ʾēshet*": "construct state - wife of" }, "variants": { "*wa-yidrōsh*": "inquired/sought information about/investigated", "*Bat-shebaʿ*": "Bathsheba (lit. 'daughter of seven' or 'daughter of oath')", "*ha-Chittî*": "the Hittite" } }
  • Ps 119:37 : 37 { "verseID": "Psalms.119.37", "source": "הַעֲבֵ֣ר עֵ֭ינַי מֵרְא֣וֹת שָׁ֑וְא בִּדְרָכֶ֥ךָ חַיֵּֽנִי׃", "text": "*haʿăḇēr* *ʿênay* from-*rǝʾôṯ* *šāwǝʾ* in-*ḏǝrāḵeḵā* *ḥayyēnî*", "grammar": { "*haʿăḇēr*": "hiphil imperative masculine singular - cause to pass/turn away", "*ʿênay*": "feminine dual noun + 1st person singular suffix - my eyes", "*mērǝʾôṯ*": "preposition + qal infinitive construct - from seeing", "*šāwǝʾ*": "masculine singular noun - emptiness/vanity/falsehood", "*ḏǝrāḵeḵā*": "masculine singular noun + 2nd person masculine singular suffix - your way", "*ḥayyēnî*": "piel imperative + 1st person singular suffix - give me life/revive me" }, "variants": { "*haʿăḇēr*": "turn away/remove/avert", "*šāwǝʾ*": "emptiness/vanity/falsehood/worthlessness", "*ḥayyēnî*": "give me life/preserve me alive/revive me" } }
  • Prov 6:25 : 25 { "verseID": "Proverbs.6.25", "source": "אַל־תַּחְמֹ֣ד יָ֭פְיָהּ בִּלְבָבֶ֑ךָ וְאַל־תִּ֝קָּֽחֲךָ֗ בְּעַפְעַפֶּֽיהָ׃", "text": "Not-*taḥmōd* *yāpyāh* in-*bilvāveḵā* and-not-*tiqqāḥăḵā* with-*beʿapʿappeyhā*", "grammar": { "*taḥmōd*": "verb, qal imperfect 2nd person masculine singular jussive - may you desire/covet", "*yāpyāh*": "noun, masculine singular with 3rd person feminine singular suffix - her beauty", "*bilvāveḵā*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular with 2nd person masculine singular suffix - in your heart", "*tiqqāḥăḵā*": "verb, qal imperfect 3rd person feminine singular with 2nd person masculine singular suffix - may she take you", "*beʿapʿappeyhā*": "preposition + noun, masculine plural with 3rd person feminine singular suffix - with her eyelids/eyelashes" }, "variants": { "*taḥmōd*": "desire/covet/lust after", "*tiqqāḥăḵā*": "take you/capture you/seize you" } }
  • Matt 5:28 : 28 { "verseID": "Matthew.5.28", "source": "Ἐγὼ δὲ λέγω ὑμῖν, Ὅτι πᾶς ὁ βλέπων γυναῖκα πρὸς τὸ ἐπιθυμῆσαι αὐτὴν ἤδη ἐμοίχευσεν αὐτὴν ἐν τῇ καρδίᾳ αὐτοῦ.", "text": "*Egō* *de* *legō* to-you, That all the *blepōn* *gynaika* *pros* the *epithymēsai* her *ēdē* *emoicheusen* her in the *kardia* of-him.", "grammar": { "*Egō*": "nominative personal pronoun - I", "*de*": "postpositive conjunction - but/and", "*legō*": "present active indicative, 1st person singular - I say/tell", "*blepōn*": "present active participle, nominative masculine singular - looking at", "*gynaika*": "accusative feminine singular - woman/wife", "*pros*": "preposition with accusative - toward/for", "*epithymēsai*": "aorist active infinitive - to lust/desire", "*ēdē*": "adverb - already/now", "*emoicheusen*": "aorist active indicative, 3rd person singular - committed adultery with", "*kardia*": "dative feminine singular - in heart" }, "variants": { "*Egō*": "I/myself", "*legō*": "say/tell/speak", "*blepōn*": "looking at/seeing/gazing at", "*gynaika*": "woman/wife", "*pros*": "toward/for/with purpose of", "*epithymēsai*": "to lust/desire/long for", "*ēdē*": "already/now/at this time", "*emoicheusen*": "committed adultery with/was unfaithful with", "*kardia*": "heart/inner being/mind/will" } }
  • Exod 20:17 : 17 { "verseID": "Exodus.20.17", "source": "לֹ֥א תַחְמֹ֖ד בֵּ֣ית רֵעֶ֑ךָ לֹֽא־תַחְמֹ֞ד אֵ֣שֶׁת רֵעֶ֗ךָ וְעַבְדּ֤וֹ וַאֲמָתוֹ֙ וְשׁוֹר֣וֹ וַחֲמֹר֔וֹ וְכֹ֖ל אֲשֶׁ֥ר לְרֵעֶֽךָ׃", "text": "*lōʾ ṯaḥmōḏ bêṯ rēʿeḵā lōʾ-ṯaḥmōḏ ʾēsheṯ rēʿeḵā wə-ʿaḇdô wa-ʾămāṯô wə-shôrô wa-ḥămōrô wə-ḵōl ʾăsher lə-rēʿeḵā*", "grammar": { "*lōʾ ṯaḥmōḏ*": "negative particle + qal imperfect, 2nd masculine singular - you shall not covet", "*bêṯ*": "masculine singular construct - house of", "*rēʿeḵā*": "masculine singular noun with 2nd masculine singular suffix - your neighbor", "*lōʾ-ṯaḥmōḏ*": "negative particle + qal imperfect, 2nd masculine singular - you shall not covet", "*ʾēsheṯ*": "feminine singular construct - wife of", "*rēʿeḵā*": "masculine singular noun with 2nd masculine singular suffix - your neighbor", "*wə-ʿaḇdô*": "conjunction + masculine singular noun with 3rd masculine singular suffix - or his male servant", "*wa-ʾămāṯô*": "conjunction + feminine singular noun with 3rd masculine singular suffix - or his female servant", "*wə-shôrô*": "conjunction + masculine singular noun with 3rd masculine singular suffix - or his ox", "*wa-ḥămōrô*": "conjunction + masculine singular noun with 3rd masculine singular suffix - or his donkey", "*wə-ḵōl*": "conjunction + noun construct - or anything", "*ʾăsher*": "relative pronoun - that", "*lə-rēʿeḵā*": "preposition + masculine singular noun with 2nd masculine singular suffix - [belongs] to your neighbor" }, "variants": { "*ṯaḥmōḏ*": "covet/desire strongly/lust after/scheme to acquire", "*bêṯ*": "house/household/dwelling place/family", "*ʾēsheṯ*": "wife/woman" } }
  • Ps 40:4 : 4 { "verseID": "Psalms.40.4", "source": "וַיִּתֵּ֬ן בְּפִ֨י ׀ שִׁ֥יר חָדָשׁ֮ תְּהִלָּ֢ה לֵֽאלֹ֫הֵ֥ינוּ יִרְא֣וּ רַבִּ֣ים וְיִירָ֑אוּ וְ֝יִבְטְח֗וּ בַּיהוָֽה", "text": "*Wayyittēn* in my *pî* *šîr ḥādāš*, *təhillâ* to our *ʾĕlōhênû*. *Yirʾû rabbîm wəyîrāʾû*, *wəyibṭəḥû* in *YHWH*", "grammar": { "*Wayyittēn*": "Qal imperfect consecutive, 3rd person masculine singular - 'and he put/placed'", "*pî*": "masculine noun with 1st person singular possessive suffix - 'my mouth'", "*šîr ḥādāš*": "masculine noun + masculine adjective - 'new song'", "*təhillâ*": "feminine noun - 'praise'", "*ʾĕlōhênû*": "masculine plural noun with 1st person plural possessive suffix - 'our God'", "*Yirʾû rabbîm*": "Qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine plural + masculine adjective - 'many will see'", "*wəyîrāʾû*": "Qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine plural with conjunction - 'and will fear'", "*wəyibṭəḥû*": "Qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine plural with conjunction - 'and will trust'", "*YHWH*": "proper divine name with preposition bet - 'in the LORD'" }, "variants": { "*šîr ḥādāš*": "new song/fresh song", "*təhillâ*": "praise/song of praise/hymn", "*Yirʾû*": "they will see/they will perceive/they will observe", "*wəyîrāʾû*": "and they will fear/and they will be in awe/and they will reverence", "*wəyibṭəḥû*": "and they will trust/and they will rely on/and they will place confidence in" } }
  • Jas 1:13-15 : 13 { "verseID": "James.1.13", "source": "Μηδεὶς πειραζόμενος Λεγέτω, ὅτι Ἀπὸ Θεοῦ πειράζομαι: ὁ γὰρ Θεὸς ἀπείραστός ἐστιν κακῶν, πειράζει δὲ αὐτὸς οὐδένα:", "text": "No one being *peirazomenos* let him *Legetō*, that From *Theou* I am *peirazomai*: the for *Theos* *apeirastos* *estin* of *kakōn*, *peirazei* and himself no one:", "grammar": { "*peirazomenos*": "present, passive, participle, nominative, masculine, singular - being tempted", "*Legetō*": "present, active, imperative, 3rd person singular - let him say", "*Theou*": "genitive, masculine, singular - source (from God)", "*peirazomai*": "present, passive, indicative, 1st person singular - I am being tempted", "*Theos*": "nominative, masculine, singular - subject", "*apeirastos*": "nominative, masculine, singular - predicate adjective", "*estin*": "present, active, indicative, 3rd person singular - is", "*kakōn*": "genitive, neuter, plural - objective genitive (by evil things)", "*peirazei*": "present, active, indicative, 3rd person singular - tempts" }, "variants": { "*peirazomenos*": "being tempted/being tested/being tried", "*Legetō*": "let him say/should say", "*peirazomai*": "I am tempted/I am tested/I am tried", "*apeirastos*": "unable to be tempted/not temptable/untested", "*kakōn*": "evil things/bad things/harmful things", "*peirazei*": "tempts/tests/tries" } } 14 { "verseID": "James.1.14", "source": "Ἕκαστος δὲ πειράζεται, ὑπὸ τῆς ἰδίας ἐπιθυμίας ἐξελκόμενος, καὶ δελεαζόμενος.", "text": "Each one and is *peirazetai*, by the *idias epithymias* being *exelkomenos*, and being *deleazomenos*.", "grammar": { "*peirazetai*": "present, passive, indicative, 3rd person singular - is tempted", "*idias*": "genitive, feminine, singular - possessive adjective (own)", "*epithymias*": "genitive, feminine, singular - agent (by desire)", "*exelkomenos*": "present, passive, participle, nominative, masculine, singular - being drawn away", "*deleazomenos*": "present, passive, participle, nominative, masculine, singular - being enticed" }, "variants": { "*peirazetai*": "is tempted/is tested/is tried", "*idias*": "own/personal/individual", "*epithymias*": "desire/lust/craving/passion", "*exelkomenos*": "being drawn away/being dragged away/being lured", "*deleazomenos*": "being enticed/being baited/being lured" } } 15 { "verseID": "James.1.15", "source": "Εἶτα ἡ ἐπιθυμία συλλαβοῦσα, τίκτει ἁμαρτίαν: ἡ δὲ ἁμαρτία, ἀποτελεσθεῖσα, ἀποκύει θάνατον.", "text": "Then the *epithymia* having *syllabousa*, *tiktei* *hamartian*: and the *hamartia*, having been *apotelestheisa*, *apokyei* *thanaton*.", "grammar": { "*epithymia*": "nominative, feminine, singular - subject", "*syllabousa*": "aorist, active, participle, nominative, feminine, singular - having conceived", "*tiktei*": "present, active, indicative, 3rd person singular - gives birth to", "*hamartian*": "accusative, feminine, singular - direct object", "*hamartia*": "nominative, feminine, singular - subject", "*apotelestheisa*": "aorist, passive, participle, nominative, feminine, singular - having been completed", "*apokyei*": "present, active, indicative, 3rd person singular - brings forth", "*thanaton*": "accusative, masculine, singular - direct object" }, "variants": { "*epithymia*": "desire/lust/craving", "*syllabousa*": "having conceived/having become pregnant", "*tiktei*": "gives birth to/bears/produces", "*hamartian*": "sin/wrongdoing/error", "*apotelestheisa*": "having been completed/having been finished/having been brought to maturity", "*apokyei*": "brings forth/gives birth to/produces", "*thanaton*": "death/mortality" } }
  • 1 Sam 12:20-21 : 20 { "verseID": "1 Samuel.12.20", "source": "וַיֹּ֨אמֶר שְׁמוּאֵ֤ל אֶל־הָעָם֙ אַל־תִּירָ֔אוּ אַתֶּ֣ם עֲשִׂיתֶ֔ם אֵ֥ת כָּל־הָרָעָ֖ה הַזֹּ֑את אַ֗ךְ אַל־תָּס֙וּרוּ֙ מֵאַחֲרֵ֣י יְהוָ֔ה וַעֲבַדְתֶּ֥ם אֶת־יְהוָ֖ה בְּכָל־לְבַבְכֶֽם׃", "text": "*wa-yōʾmer* *šəmûʾēl* *ʾel*-*hā-ʿām* *ʾal*-*tîrāʾû* *ʾattem* *ʿăśîtem* *ʾēt* *kol*-*hā-rāʿāh* *ha-zōʾt* *ʾak* *ʾal*-*tāsûrû* *mē-ʾaḥărê* *YHWH* *wa-ʿăbadtem* *ʾet*-*YHWH* *bə-kol*-*ləbabkem*", "grammar": { "*wa-yōʾmer*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular - and he said", "*šəmûʾēl*": "proper noun - Samuel", "*ʾel*-*hā-ʿām*": "preposition + definite article + noun masculine singular - to the people", "*ʾal*-*tîrāʾû*": "negative particle + qal imperfect 2nd person masculine plural - do not fear", "*ʾattem*": "2nd person masculine plural independent pronoun - you", "*ʿăśîtem*": "qal perfect 2nd person masculine plural - have done", "*ʾēt*": "direct object marker", "*kol*-*hā-rāʿāh*": "noun construct + definite article + noun feminine singular - all this evil", "*ha-zōʾt*": "definite article + demonstrative pronoun feminine singular - this", "*ʾak*": "adverb - yet", "*ʾal*-*tāsûrû*": "negative particle + qal imperfect 2nd person masculine plural - do not turn aside", "*mē-ʾaḥărê*": "preposition + preposition - from following", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - LORD", "*wa-ʿăbadtem*": "conjunction + qal perfect 2nd person masculine plural - but serve", "*ʾet*-*YHWH*": "direct object marker + proper noun - the LORD", "*bə-kol*-*ləbabkem*": "preposition + noun construct + noun masculine singular + 2nd person masculine plural suffix - with all your heart" }, "variants": { "*ʾal*-*tîrāʾû*": "do not fear/be not afraid/do not be frightened", "*hā-rāʿāh*": "the evil/the wickedness/the wrongdoing", "*ʾak*": "yet/but/nevertheless", "*ʾal*-*tāsûrû*": "do not turn aside/do not depart/do not deviate", "*mē-ʾaḥărê*": "from following/from after/from going behind", "*wa-ʿăbadtem*": "but serve/and worship/but follow", "*bə-kol*-*ləbabkem*": "with all your heart/with your whole heart/with your entire inner being" } } 21 { "verseID": "1 Samuel.12.21", "source": "וְלֹ֖א תָּס֑וּרוּ כִּ֣י ׀ אַחֲרֵ֣י הַתֹּ֗הוּ אֲשֶׁ֧ר לֹֽא־יוֹעִ֛ילוּ וְלֹ֥א יַצִּ֖ילוּ כִּי־תֹ֥הוּ הֵֽמָּה׃", "text": "*wə-lōʾ* *tāsûrû* *kî* *ʾaḥărê* *ha-tōhû* *ʾăšer* *lōʾ*-*yôʿîlû* *wə-lōʾ* *yaṣṣîlû* *kî*-*tōhû* *hēmmāh*", "grammar": { "*wə-lōʾ*": "conjunction + negative particle - and do not", "*tāsûrû*": "qal imperfect 2nd person masculine plural - turn aside", "*kî*": "conjunction - for/after", "*ʾaḥărê*": "preposition - after", "*ha-tōhû*": "definite article + noun masculine singular - the emptiness", "*ʾăšer*": "relative pronoun - which", "*lōʾ*-*yôʿîlû*": "negative particle + hiphil imperfect 3rd person masculine plural - do not profit", "*wə-lōʾ*": "conjunction + negative particle - and do not", "*yaṣṣîlû*": "hiphil imperfect 3rd person masculine plural - deliver", "*kî*-*tōhû*": "conjunction + noun masculine singular - for emptiness", "*hēmmāh*": "3rd person masculine plural independent pronoun - they are" }, "variants": { "*tāsûrû*": "turn aside/depart/deviate", "*ha-tōhû*": "the emptiness/vanity/worthless things/idols", "*yôʿîlû*": "profit/benefit/help", "*yaṣṣîlû*": "deliver/rescue/save", "*tōhû*": "emptiness/vanity/nothingness" } }
  • Deut 15:9 : 9 { "verseID": "Deuteronomy.15.9", "source": "הִשָּׁ֣מֶר לְךָ֡ פֶּן־יִהְיֶ֣ה דָבָר֩ עִם־לְבָבְךָ֨ בְלִיַּ֜עַל לֵאמֹ֗ר קָֽרְבָ֣ה שְׁנַֽת־הַשֶּׁבַע֮ שְׁנַ֣ת הַשְּׁמִטָּה֒ וְרָעָ֣ה עֽ͏ֵינְךָ֗ בְּאָחִ֙יךָ֙ הָֽאֶבְי֔וֹן וְלֹ֥א תִתֵּ֖ן ל֑וֹ וְקָרָ֤א עָלֶ֙יךָ֙ אֶל־יְהוָ֔ה וְהָיָ֥ה בְךָ֖ חֵֽטְא׃", "text": "*šāmar* to you lest-*hāyāh* *dāḇār* with-your *lēḇāḇ* *bəliyyaʿal* *lēʾmōr* is approaching *šānaṯ*-the *šeḇaʿ* *šānaṯ* the *šəmiṭṭāh*, and *rāʿāh* your *ʿayin* against your *ʾāḥ* the *ʾeḇyôn* and not you *nāṯan* to him, and he *qārāʾ* against you to-*YHWH*, and *hāyāh* in you *ḥēṭəʾ*.", "grammar": { "*šāmar*": "niphal imperative, 2nd person masculine singular - guard yourself", "*hāyāh*": "qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - will be", "*dāḇār*": "noun, masculine singular - word/matter", "*lēḇāḇ*": "noun with possessive suffix, masculine singular - your heart", "*bəliyyaʿal*": "noun, masculine singular - worthlessness", "*lēʾmōr*": "qal infinitive construct - to say", "*šānaṯ*": "construct state, feminine singular - year of", "*šeḇaʿ*": "definite numeral - the seven", "*šānaṯ*": "construct state, feminine singular - year of", "*šəmiṭṭāh*": "definite noun, feminine singular - the release", "*rāʿāh*": "qal perfect + vav consecutive, 3rd person feminine singular - will be evil", "*ʿayin*": "noun with possessive suffix, feminine singular - your eye", "*ʾāḥ*": "noun with possessive suffix, masculine singular - your brother", "*ʾeḇyôn*": "definite adjective, masculine singular - the needy", "*nāṯan*": "qal imperfect, 2nd person masculine singular - you give", "*qārāʾ*": "qal perfect + vav consecutive, 3rd person masculine singular - will call", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - divine name", "*hāyāh*": "qal perfect + vav consecutive, 3rd person masculine singular - will be", "*ḥēṭəʾ*": "noun, masculine singular - sin" }, "variants": { "*šāmar*": "guard/take heed/beware", "*dāḇār*": "word/matter/thought", "*bəliyyaʿal*": "worthlessness/wickedness/baseness", "*lēʾmōr*": "saying/thinking", "*rāʿāh*": "be evil/be displeased/look unfavorably", "*qārāʾ*": "call/cry out/call upon", "*ḥēṭəʾ*": "sin/guilt/fault" } }
  • Josh 23:6 : 6 { "verseID": "Joshua.23.6", "source": "וַחֲזַקְתֶּ֣ם מְאֹ֔ד לִשְׁמֹ֣ר וְלַעֲשׂ֔וֹת אֵ֚ת כָּל־הַכָּת֔וּב בְּסֵ֖פֶר תּוֹרַ֣ת מֹשֶׁ֑ה לְבִלְתִּ֥י סוּר־מִמֶּ֖נּוּ יָמִ֥ין וּשְׂמֹֽאול׃", "text": "And *ḥăzaqtem* *məʾōd* to *šəmōr* and to *ʿăśôt* *ʾēt* all the *kātûḇ* in *sēp̄er* *tôrat* *Mōšeh* to not *sûr* from it *yāmîn* and *śəmōʾwl*.", "grammar": { "*ḥăzaqtem*": "qal perfect 2mp - be strong", "*məʾōd*": "adverb - very much", "*šəmōr*": "qal infinitive construct - to keep/observe", "*ʿăśôt*": "qal infinitive construct - to do/perform", "*kātûḇ*": "qal passive participle with definite article - the written thing", "*sēp̄er*": "masculine singular construct - book of", "*tôrat*": "feminine singular construct - law/instruction of", "*Mōšeh*": "proper noun - Moses", "*sûr*": "qal infinitive construct - turning aside", "*yāmîn*": "right (direction)", "*śəmōʾwl*": "left (direction)" }, "variants": { "*ḥăzaqtem*": "be strong/be resolute/be courageous", "*šəmōr*": "to keep/observe/guard", "*ʿăśôt*": "to do/perform/carry out", "*kātûḇ*": "written/recorded/inscribed", "*sēp̄er tôrat Mōšeh*": "book of the law of Moses/Moses' Torah scroll", "*sûr*": "turning aside/departing from/deviating", "*yāmîn uśəmōʾwl*": "right or left/to either side" } }
  • Rom 12:9 : 9 { "verseID": "Romans.12.9", "source": "Ἡ ἀγάπη ἀνυπόκριτος. Ἀποστυγοῦντες τὸ πονηρόν· κολλώμενοι τῷ ἀγαθῷ.", "text": "The *agapē* *anypokritos*. *Apostygountes* the *ponēron*; *kollōmenoi* to the *agathō*.", "grammar": { "*agapē*": "nominative, feminine, singular - love", "*anypokritos*": "nominative, feminine, singular - unhypocritical/sincere", "*apostygountes*": "present active participle, nominative, plural - abhorring/detesting", "*ponēron*": "accusative, neuter, singular - evil", "*kollōmenoi*": "present middle participle, nominative, plural - clinging/adhering", "*agathō*": "dative, neuter, singular - to good" }, "variants": { "*agapē*": "love/divine love/benevolence", "*anypokritos*": "unhypocritical/sincere/genuine/without pretense", "*apostygountes*": "abhorring/detesting/hating intensely", "*ponēron*": "evil/wickedness/bad", "*kollōmenoi*": "clinging/adhering/joining/being joined to", "*agathō*": "good/beneficial/useful" } }
  • Ps 119:113 : 113 { "verseID": "Psalms.119.113", "source": "סֵעֲפִ֥ים שָׂנֵ֑אתִי וְֽתוֹרָתְךָ֥ אָהָֽבְתִּי׃", "text": "*sēʿăpîm* *śānētî* and-*tôrātəkā* *ʾāhābtî*", "grammar": { "*sēʿăpîm*": "masculine plural noun - divided opinions/doubters", "*śānētî*": "qal perfect 1st person singular - I hate", "*tôrātəkā*": "feminine singular noun with 2nd person masculine singular suffix - your law", "*ʾāhābtî*": "qal perfect 1st person singular - I love", "*wə-*": "conjunction - and" }, "variants": { "*sēʿăpîm*": "divided opinions/doubters/double-minded people/those who are divided in mind", "*śānētî*": "I hate/detest/abhor", "*tôrātəkā*": "your law/instruction/teaching", "*ʾāhābtî*": "I love/have loved" } }
  • Eccl 6:9 : 9 { "verseID": "Ecclesiastes.6.9", "source": "ט֛וֹב מַרְאֵ֥ה עֵינַ֖יִם מֵֽהֲלָךְ־נָ֑פֶשׁ גַּם־זֶ֥ה הֶ֖בֶל וּרְע֥וּת רֽוּחַ׃", "text": "*Ṭôḇ* *marʾēh* *ʿênayim* from-*mēhălāḵ*-*nāpeš*; also-this *heḇel* and-*rəʿûṯ* *rûaḥ*.", "grammar": { "*Ṭôḇ*": "adjective, masculine singular - good/better", "*marʾēh*": "noun, masculine singular construct - sight of", "*ʿênayim*": "noun, feminine dual - eyes", "*mēhălāḵ*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular construct - from walking of", "*nāpeš*": "noun, feminine singular - soul", "*heḇel*": "noun, masculine singular - vanity/emptiness", "*rəʿûṯ*": "noun, feminine singular construct - striving after", "*rûaḥ*": "noun, feminine singular - wind/spirit" }, "variants": { "*marʾēh ʿênayim*": "sight of eyes/what one sees", "*hălāḵ-nāpeš*": "walking of soul/wandering of desire/roaming of appetite", "*heḇel*": "vanity/emptiness/futility/breath", "*rəʿûṯ rûaḥ*": "striving after wind/chasing after wind/vexation of spirit" } }
  • Isa 30:11 : 11 { "verseID": "Isaiah.30.11", "source": "סוּרוּ מִנֵּי־דֶרֶךְ הַטּוּ מִנֵּי־אֹרַח הַשְׁבִּיתוּ מִפָּנֵינוּ אֶת־קְדוֹשׁ יִשְׂרָאֵל׃", "text": "*Sûrû* from [the] *derek*, *haṭṭû* from [the] *ʾōraḥ*, *hašbîtû* from before us *ʾet* [the] *qedôš* of *Yiśrāʾēl*.", "grammar": { "*Sûrû*": "qal imperative masculine plural - turn aside", "*derek*": "masculine singular noun - way/road/journey", "*haṭṭû*": "hiphil imperative masculine plural - cause to turn aside", "*ʾōraḥ*": "masculine singular noun - path/way", "*hašbîtû*": "hiphil imperative masculine plural - cause to cease/remove", "*qedôš*": "masculine singular adjective construct - holy one of", "*Yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel" }, "variants": { "*Sûrû*": "turn aside/depart/leave", "*derek*": "way/road/journey/path", "*haṭṭû*": "cause to turn aside/deflect/divert", "*ʾōraḥ*": "path/way/road", "*hašbîtû*": "cause to cease/remove/put an end to", "*qedôš*": "holy one/sacred one", "*Yiśrāʾēl*": "Israel (proper name)" } }
  • Isa 33:15 : 15 { "verseID": "Isaiah.33.15", "source": "הֹלֵךְ צְדָקוֹת וְדֹבֵר מֵישָׁרִים מֹאֵס בְּבֶצַע מַעֲשַׁקּוֹת נֹעֵר כַּפָּיו מִתְּמֹךְ בַּשֹּׁחַד אֹטֵם אָזְנוֹ מִשְּׁמֹעַ דָּמִים וְעֹצֵם עֵינָיו מֵרְאוֹת בְּרֽ͏ָע", "text": "*Hōlēk* *ṣədāqôt* *wə-dōbēr* *mêšārîm* *mōʾēs* in-*beṣaʿ* *maʿăšaqqôt* *nōʿēr* *kappāyw* from-*təmōk* in-the-*šōḥad* *ʾōṭēm* *ʾāznô* from-*šəmōaʿ* *dāmîm* *wə-ʿōṣēm* *ʿênāyw* from-*rəʾôt* in-*rāʿ*", "grammar": { "*Hōlēk*": "Qal participle, masculine singular - walking", "*ṣədāqôt*": "noun, feminine plural - righteousnesses", "*wə-dōbēr*": "conjunction + Qal participle, masculine singular - and speaking", "*mêšārîm*": "noun, masculine plural - upright things", "*mōʾēs*": "Qal participle, masculine singular - despising/rejecting", "*beṣaʿ*": "noun, masculine singular - gain/profit", "*maʿăšaqqôt*": "noun, feminine plural - oppressions/extortions", "*nōʿēr*": "Qal participle, masculine singular - shaking", "*kappāyw*": "noun, feminine dual + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his palms/hands", "*təmōk*": "Qal infinitive construct - grasping/holding", "*šōḥad*": "noun, masculine singular with definite article - the bribe", "*ʾōṭēm*": "Qal participle, masculine singular - stopping up", "*ʾāznô*": "noun, feminine singular + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his ear", "*šəmōaʿ*": "Qal infinitive construct - hearing", "*dāmîm*": "noun, masculine plural - bloods/bloodshed", "*wə-ʿōṣēm*": "conjunction + Qal participle, masculine singular - and closing", "*ʿênāyw*": "noun, feminine dual + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his eyes", "*rəʾôt*": "Qal infinitive construct - seeing", "*rāʿ*": "noun, masculine singular - evil" }, "variants": { "*Hōlēk*": "walking/going/living", "*ṣədāqôt*": "righteousnesses/righteous deeds/just acts", "*dōbēr*": "speaking/talking", "*mêšārîm*": "upright things/straight things/equity", "*mōʾēs*": "despising/rejecting/refusing", "*beṣaʿ*": "gain/profit/unjust gain", "*maʿăšaqqôt*": "oppressions/extortions/frauds", "*nōʿēr*": "shaking/shaking off", "*kappāyw*": "his palms/his hands", "*təmōk*": "grasping/holding/taking", "*šōḥad*": "bribe/gift", "*ʾōṭēm*": "stopping up/closing", "*ʾāznô*": "his ear", "*šəmōaʿ*": "hearing/listening to", "*dāmîm*": "bloods/bloodshed/bloodshed cases", "*ʿōṣēm*": "closing/shutting", "*ʿênāyw*": "his eyes", "*rəʾôt*": "seeing/looking at", "*rāʿ*": "evil/wickedness/harm" } }
  • Jer 22:17 : 17 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.22.17", "source": "׃22 17 כִּ֣י אֵ֤ין עֵינֶ֙יךָ֙ וְלִבְּךָ֔ כִּ֖י אִם־עַל־בִּצְעֶ֑ךָ וְעַ֤ל דַּֽם־הַנָּקִי֙ לִשְׁפּ֔וֹךְ וְעַל־הָעֹ֥שֶׁק וְעַל־הַמְּרוּצָ֖ה לַעֲשֽׂוֹת׃ ס", "text": "For not *ʿêneykā* and *libbᵉkā* except upon *biṣʿekā* and upon *dam-hannāqî* to *lišpôk* and upon *hāʿōšeq* and upon *hammᵉrûṣāh* to *laʿăśôt*.", "grammar": { "*kî*": "conjunction - for/because", "*ʾên*": "particle of negation - there is not", "*ʿêneykā*": "noun, feminine dual with 2nd masculine singular suffix - your eyes", "*wᵉ-libbᵉkā*": "conjunction + noun, masculine singular with 2nd masculine singular suffix - and your heart", "*kî ʾim-ʿal*": "conjunction + conditional particle + preposition - except upon", "*biṣʿekā*": "noun, masculine singular with 2nd masculine singular suffix - your unjust gain", "*wᵉ-ʿal*": "conjunction + preposition - and upon", "*dam-ha-nnāqî*": "noun, masculine singular construct + definite article + adjective, masculine singular - blood of the innocent", "*li-špôk*": "preposition + infinitive construct, qal - to shed", "*wᵉ-ʿal-hā-ʿōšeq*": "conjunction + preposition + definite article + noun, masculine singular - and upon the oppression", "*wᵉ-ʿal-ha-mmᵉrûṣāh*": "conjunction + preposition + definite article + noun, feminine singular - and upon the crushing", "*la-ʿăśôt*": "preposition + infinitive construct, qal - to do" }, "variants": { "*biṣʿekā*": "your unjust gain/dishonest profit/covetousness", "*dam-hannāqî*": "blood of the innocent/innocent blood", "*lišpôk*": "to shed/pour out", "*hāʿōšeq*": "the oppression/extortion", "*hammᵉrûṣāh*": "the crushing/oppression/violence", "*laʿăśôt*": "to do/perform/commit" } }
  • Hos 7:6-7 : 6 { "verseID": "Hosea.7.6", "source": "כִּֽי־קֵרְב֧וּ כַתַּנּ֛וּר לִבָּ֖ם בְּאָרְבָּ֑ם כָּל־הַלַּ֙יְלָה֙ יָשֵׁ֣ן אֹֽפֵהֶ֔ם בֹּ֕קֶר ה֥וּא בֹעֵ֖ר כְּאֵ֥שׁ לֶהָבָֽה׃", "text": "For-*qērəḇû* like *tannûr* *libbām* in *ʾorəbbām* all-the *laylâ* *yāšēn* *ʾōp̄ēhem* *bōqer* he *bōʿēr* like *ʾēš* *lehāḇâ*.", "grammar": { "*qērəḇû*": "piel perfect 3rd plural - they brought near/approached", "*tannûr*": "noun, masculine singular with prefix *ka* - like an oven", "*libbām*": "noun, masculine singular + 3rd masculine plural suffix - their heart", "*ʾorəbbām*": "noun, masculine singular + 3rd masculine plural suffix with prefix *bə* - in their ambush/lying in wait", "*laylâ*": "noun, masculine singular with definite article - the night", "*yāšēn*": "qal participle masculine singular - sleeping", "*ʾōp̄ēhem*": "qal participle masculine singular + 3rd masculine plural suffix - their baker", "*bōqer*": "noun, masculine singular - morning", "*bōʿēr*": "qal participle masculine singular - burning", "*ʾēš*": "noun, feminine singular - fire", "*lehāḇâ*": "noun, feminine singular - flame" }, "variants": { "*qērəḇû*": "brought near/approached/prepared", "*ʾorəbbām*": "their ambush/lying in wait/plotting", "*yāšēn*": "sleeping/slumbering", "*bōʿēr*": "burning/consuming/kindled" } } 7 { "verseID": "Hosea.7.7", "source": "כֻּלָּ֤ם יֵחַ֙מּוּ֙ כַּתַּנּ֔וּר וְאָכְל֖וּ אֶת־שֹֽׁפְטֵיהֶ֑ם כָּל־מַלְכֵיהֶ֣ם נָפָ֔לוּ אֵין־קֹרֵ֥א בָהֶ֖ם אֵלָֽי׃", "text": "All of them *yēḥammû* like *tannûr* *wə*-*ʾāḵəlû* *ʾet*-*šōp̄ṭêhem* all-*malḵêhem* *nāp̄ālû* *ʾên*-*qōrēʾ* among them to me.", "grammar": { "*yēḥammû*": "qal imperfect 3rd masculine plural - they are hot/heated", "*tannûr*": "noun, masculine singular with prefix *ka* - like an oven", "*wə*-*ʾāḵəlû*": "conjunction + qal perfect 3rd plural - and they devour/consume", "*šōp̄ṭêhem*": "qal participle masculine plural + 3rd masculine plural suffix - their judges", "*malḵêhem*": "noun, masculine plural + 3rd masculine plural suffix - their kings", "*nāp̄ālû*": "qal perfect 3rd plural - they have fallen", "*ʾên*-*qōrēʾ*": "negative particle + qal participle masculine singular - there is no one calling", "*ʾēlāy*": "preposition + 1st singular suffix - to me" }, "variants": { "*yēḥammû*": "are hot/heated/burn with anger", "*ʾāḵəlû*": "devour/consume/destroy", "*šōp̄ṭêhem*": "their judges/rulers/leaders", "*nāp̄ālû*": "fallen/been overthrown/died", "*qōrēʾ*": "calling/crying out/praying" } }
  • Mic 2:2 : 2 { "verseID": "Micah.2.2", "source": "וְחָמְדוּ שָׂדוֹת וְגָזָלוּ וּבָתִּים וְנָשָׂאוּ וְעָשְׁקוּ גֶּבֶר וּבֵיתוֹ וְאִישׁ וְנַחֲלָתוֹ", "text": "*wəḥāməḏû* *śāḏôṯ* *wəḡāzālû* *ûḇāttîm* *wənāśāʾû* *wəʿāšəqû* *geḇer* *ûḇêṯô* *wəʾîš* *wənaḥălāṯô*", "grammar": { "*wəḥāməḏû*": "conjunction + verb, qal perfect, 3rd plural - and they covet/desire", "*śāḏôṯ*": "noun, masculine plural - fields", "*wəḡāzālû*": "conjunction + verb, qal perfect, 3rd plural - and they seize/rob", "*ûḇāttîm*": "conjunction + noun, masculine plural - and houses", "*wənāśāʾû*": "conjunction + verb, qal perfect, 3rd plural - and they take away", "*wəʿāšəqû*": "conjunction + verb, qal perfect, 3rd plural - and they oppress", "*geḇer*": "noun, masculine singular - man/strong man", "*ûḇêṯô*": "conjunction + noun, masculine singular + 3rd masculine singular suffix - and his house", "*wəʾîš*": "conjunction + noun, masculine singular - and a man", "*wənaḥălāṯô*": "conjunction + noun, feminine singular + 3rd masculine singular suffix - and his inheritance" }, "variants": { "*ḥāməḏû*": "covet/desire/take pleasure in", "*śāḏôṯ*": "fields/lands/territory", "*gāzālû*": "seize/rob/take by force", "*nāśāʾû*": "take away/carry off/lift up", "*ʿāšəqû*": "oppress/extort/exploit", "*geḇer*": "man/strong man/warrior", "*naḥălāṯô*": "his inheritance/possession/property" } }
  • Zeph 1:5-6 : 5 { "verseID": "Zephaniah.1.5", "source": "וְאֶת־הַמִּשְׁתַּחֲוִ֥ים עַל־הַגַּגּ֖וֹת לִצְבָ֣א הַשָּׁמָ֑יִם וְאֶת־הַמִּֽשְׁתַּחֲוִים֙ הַנִּשְׁבָּעִ֣ים לַֽיהוָ֔ה וְהַנִּשְׁבָּעִ֖ים בְּמַלְכָּֽם׃", "text": "*wəʾeṯ*-*hammištaḥăwîm* *ʿal*-*haggaggôṯ* *liṣḇā* *haššāmāyim*, *wəʾeṯ*-*hammištaḥăwîm* *hannišbāʿîm* *la-YHWH* *wəhannišbāʿîm* *bəmalkām*.", "grammar": { "*wəʾeṯ*": "conjunction + direct object marker", "*hammištaḥăwîm*": "hitpael participle, masculine plural with definite article - the ones bowing down/worshipping", "*ʿal*": "preposition - on/upon", "*haggaggôṯ*": "noun, masculine plural with definite article - the roofs", "*liṣḇā*": "preposition + construct state, masculine singular - to/for host/army of", "*haššāmāyim*": "noun, masculine plural with definite article - the heavens/sky", "*hannišbāʿîm*": "niphal participle, masculine plural with definite article - the ones swearing/taking oaths", "*la-YHWH*": "preposition + divine name - to/by YHWH", "*wəhannišbāʿîm*": "conjunction + niphal participle, masculine plural with definite article - and the ones swearing/taking oaths", "*bəmalkām*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - by their king/Milcom" }, "variants": { "*hammištaḥăwîm*": "the ones worshipping/bowing down/prostrating themselves", "*liṣḇā*": "to host/army/multitude", "*haššāmāyim*": "the heavens/the sky/the celestial bodies", "*hannišbāʿîm*": "the ones swearing/taking oaths", "*bəmalkām*": "by their king/by Milcom/Molech (Ammonite deity)/by their Molech" } } 6 { "verseID": "Zephaniah.1.6", "source": "וְאֶת־הַנְּסוֹגִ֖ים מֵאַחֲרֵ֣י יְהוָ֑ה וַאֲשֶׁ֛ר לֹֽא־בִקְשׁ֥וּ אֶת־יְהוָ֖ה וְלֹ֥א דְרָשֻֽׁהוּ׃", "text": "*wəʾeṯ*-*hannəsôḡîm* from-*ʾaḥărê* *YHWH*, *waʾăšer* not-*ḇiqšû* *ʾeṯ*-*YHWH* and-not *ḏərāšuhû*.", "grammar": { "*wəʾeṯ*": "conjunction + direct object marker", "*hannəsôḡîm*": "niphal participle, masculine plural with definite article - the ones turning back/departing", "*ʾaḥărê*": "preposition with construct - from after/from following", "*YHWH*": "divine name, tetragrammaton", "*waʾăšer*": "conjunction + relative particle - and who", "*ḇiqšû*": "piel perfect, 3rd person plural - they have sought", "*ʾeṯ*": "direct object marker", "*ḏərāšuhû*": "qal perfect, 3rd person plural with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - they have inquired of him" }, "variants": { "*hannəsôḡîm*": "the ones turning back/departing/withdrawing/retreating", "*ḇiqšû*": "sought/searched for/inquired about", "*ḏərāšuhû*": "inquired of him/sought him/consulted him" } }
  • Ps 125:5 : 5 { "verseID": "Psalms.125.5", "source": "וְהַמַּטִּ֤ים עַֽקַלְקַלּוֹתָ֗ם יוֹלִיכֵ֣ם יְ֭הוָה אֶת־פֹּעֲלֵ֣י הָאָ֑וֶן שָׁ֝ל֗וֹם עַל־יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃", "text": "*Wə*-*hammaṭṭîm* *ʿăqalqallôtām* *yôlîkēm* *YHWH* with-*pōʿălê* *hāʾāwen*. *Šālôm* upon-*Yiśrāʾēl*.", "grammar": { "*wə*": "conjunction - and/but", "*hammaṭṭîm*": "hiphil participle, masculine plural with definite article - those who turn aside/bend", "*ʿăqalqallôtām*": "noun, feminine plural with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - their crooked ways", "*yôlîkēm*": "hiphil imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - he will lead them away", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - the LORD", "*pōʿălê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - workers/doers of", "*hāʾāwen*": "noun, masculine singular with definite article - iniquity/wickedness/trouble", "*Šālôm*": "noun, masculine singular - peace", "*Yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel" }, "variants": { "*hammaṭṭîm*": "those who turn aside/those who bend/those who pervert", "*ʿăqalqallôtām*": "their crooked ways/their devious paths/their twisted paths", "*yôlîkēm*": "he will lead them away/he will cause them to go/he will make them walk", "*pōʿălê hāʾāwen*": "workers of iniquity/evildoers/those who practice wickedness", "*Šālôm*": "peace/well-being/prosperity/completeness" } }
  • Prov 23:31-35 : 31 { "verseID": "Proverbs.23.31", "source": "אַל־תֵּ֥רֶא יַּיִן֮ כִּ֢י יִתְאַ֫דָּ֥ם כִּֽי־יִתֵּ֣ן *בכיס **בַּכּ֣וֹס עֵינ֑וֹ יִ֝תְהַלֵּ֗ךְ בְּמֵישָׁרִֽים׃", "text": "Do not *tēreʾ yayin* when *yiṯʾaddām*, when it *yittēn bakkôs* its *ʿênô*, *yiṯhallēḵ bǝmêšārîm*.", "grammar": { "*tēreʾ*": "qal imperfect jussive, 2nd person masculine singular - look at/gaze upon", "*yayin*": "noun, masculine singular - wine", "*yiṯʾaddām*": "hithpael imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - shows itself red", "*yittēn*": "qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - gives", "*bakkôs*": "preposition + definite article + noun, masculine singular - in the cup", "*ʿênô*": "noun, feminine singular + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - its eye/color", "*yiṯhallēḵ*": "hithpael imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - goes about/moves", "*bǝmêšārîm*": "preposition + noun, masculine plural - in straightness/smoothly" }, "variants": { "*tēreʾ yayin*": "look at wine/gaze upon wine", "*yiṯʾaddām*": "shows itself red/is red/sparkles", "*yittēn bakkôs ʿênô*": "gives its color in the cup/shows its gleam in the goblet", "*yiṯhallēḵ bǝmêšārîm*": "goes down smoothly/moves straight/flows evenly" } } 32 { "verseID": "Proverbs.23.32", "source": "אַ֭חֲרִיתוֹ כְּנָחָ֣שׁ יִשָּׁ֑ךְ וּֽכְצִפְעֹנִ֥י יַפְרִֽשׁ׃", "text": "Its *ʾaḥărîṯô* like *nāḥāš yiššāḵ*, and like *ṣip̄ʿōnî yap̄riš*.", "grammar": { "*ʾaḥărîṯô*": "noun, feminine singular + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - its end/outcome", "*nāḥāš*": "noun, masculine singular - serpent/snake", "*yiššāḵ*": "qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - bites", "*ṣip̄ʿōnî*": "noun, masculine singular - viper/adder", "*yap̄riš*": "hiphil imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - injects/spreads" }, "variants": { "*ʾaḥărîṯô*": "its end/its outcome/its aftermath", "*nāḥāš yiššāḵ*": "serpent bites/snake strikes", "*ṣip̄ʿōnî yap̄riš*": "viper injects/adder spreads venom/poisonous snake stings" } } 33 { "verseID": "Proverbs.23.33", "source": "עֵ֭ינֶיךָ יִרְא֣וּ זָר֑וֹת וְ֝לִבְּךָ֗ יְדַבֵּ֥ר תַּהְפֻּכֽוֹת׃", "text": "Your *ʿêneḵā yirʾû zārôṯ*, and your *libbǝḵā yǝḏabbēr tahpuḵôṯ*.", "grammar": { "*ʿêneḵā*": "noun, feminine dual + 2nd person masculine singular suffix - your eyes", "*yirʾû*": "qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine plural - will see", "*zārôṯ*": "adjective, feminine plural - strange things", "*libbǝḵā*": "noun, masculine singular + 2nd person masculine singular suffix - your heart", "*yǝḏabbēr*": "piel imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - will speak/utter", "*tahpuḵôṯ*": "noun, feminine plural - perverse things/distortions" }, "variants": { "*ʿêneḵā yirʾû zārôṯ*": "your eyes will see strange things/your vision will perceive odd sights", "*libbǝḵā yǝḏabbēr tahpuḵôṯ*": "your heart will utter perverse things/your mind will speak distortions" } } 34 { "verseID": "Proverbs.23.34", "source": "וְ֭הָיִיתָ כְּשֹׁכֵ֣ב בְּלֶב־יָ֑ם וּ֝כְשֹׁכֵ֗ב בְּרֹ֣אשׁ חִבֵּֽל׃", "text": "And you *hāyîṯā* like one *šōḵēḇ* in *lēḇ-yām*, and like one *šōḵēḇ* in *rōʾš ḥibbēl*.", "grammar": { "*hāyîṯā*": "qal perfect, 2nd person masculine singular - you will be", "*šōḵēḇ*": "qal participle, masculine singular - lying down", "*lēḇ-yām*": "noun, masculine singular construct + noun, masculine singular - heart of sea/midst of sea", "*rōʾš*": "noun, masculine singular construct - top of", "*ḥibbēl*": "noun, masculine singular - mast" }, "variants": { "*šōḵēḇ bǝlēḇ-yām*": "one lying in the midst of the sea/one who lies in the heart of the ocean", "*šōḵēḇ bǝrōʾš ḥibbēl*": "one lying at the top of a mast/one who sleeps on the summit of a ship's mast" } } 35 { "verseID": "Proverbs.23.35", "source": "הִכּ֥וּנִי בַל־חָלִיתִי֮ הֲלָמ֗וּנִי בַּל־יָ֫דָ֥עְתִּי מָתַ֥י אָקִ֑יץ א֝וֹסִ֗יף אֲבַקְשֶׁ֥נּוּ עֽוֹד׃", "text": "\"*hikkûnî bal-ḥālîṯî*, *hălāmûnî bal-yāḏāʿtî*; when *māṯay ʾāqîṣ*? *ʾôsîp̄ ʾăḇaqšennû ʿôḏ*.\"", "grammar": { "*hikkûnî*": "hiphil perfect, 3rd person common plural + 1st person common singular suffix - they struck me", "*bal-ḥālîṯî*": "negative particle + qal perfect, 1st person common singular - I was not sick/hurt", "*hălāmûnî*": "qal perfect, 3rd person common plural + 1st person common singular suffix - they beat me", "*bal-yāḏāʿtî*": "negative particle + qal perfect, 1st person common singular - I did not know", "*māṯay*": "interrogative adverb - when", "*ʾāqîṣ*": "hiphil imperfect, 1st person common singular - I will awake", "*ʾôsîp̄*": "hiphil imperfect, 1st person common singular - I will add/continue", "*ʾăḇaqšennû*": "piel imperfect, 1st person common singular + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - I will seek it", "*ʿôḏ*": "adverb - again/still/yet" }, "variants": { "*hikkûnî bal-ḥālîṯî*": "they struck me, I was not hurt/they hit me, I felt no pain", "*hălāmûnî bal-yāḏāʿtî*": "they beat me, I did not know it/they struck me, I was unaware", "*māṯay ʾāqîṣ*": "when will I awake/when will I regain consciousness", "*ʾôsîp̄ ʾăḇaqšennû ʿôḏ*": "I will seek it again/I will continue looking for it more" } }
  • Gal 4:9 : 9 { "verseID": "Galatians.4.9", "source": "Νῦν δὲ, γνόντες Θεόν, μᾶλλον δὲ γνωσθέντες ὑπὸ Θεοῦ, πῶς ἐπιστρέφετε πάλιν ἐπὶ τὰ ἀσθενῆ καὶ πτωχὰ στοιχεῖα, οἷς πάλιν ἄνωθεν δουλεύειν θέλετε;", "text": "Now *de*, having *gnontes Theon*, rather *de* having been *gnōsthentes hypo Theou*, how *epistrephete palin epi* the *asthenē* and *ptōcha stoicheia*, to which *palin anōthen douleuein thelete*?", "grammar": { "*de*": "postpositive particle - but/and", "*gnontes*": "aorist active participle, nominative, masculine, plural - having known/come to know", "*Theon*": "accusative, masculine, singular - God", "*gnōsthentes*": "aorist passive participle, nominative, masculine, plural - having been known", "*hypo*": "preposition with genitive - by/under", "*Theou*": "genitive, masculine, singular - God", "*epistrephete*": "present indicative active, 2nd person plural - you return/turn back", "*palin*": "adverb - again/once more", "*epi*": "preposition with accusative - to/toward", "*asthenē*": "accusative, neuter, plural - weak/feeble", "*ptōcha*": "accusative, neuter, plural - poor/destitute", "*stoicheia*": "accusative, neuter, plural - elements/principles", "*anōthen*": "adverb - again/from the beginning", "*douleuein*": "present infinitive active - to serve/be enslaved", "*thelete*": "present indicative active, 2nd person plural - you wish/desire" }, "variants": { "*gnontes*": "having known/come to know/recognized", "*gnōsthentes*": "having been known/recognized/acknowledged", "*epistrephete*": "you return/turn back/convert", "*asthenē*": "weak/feeble/impotent", "*ptōcha*": "poor/destitute/beggarly", "*stoicheia*": "elements/rudiments/principles/basic components", "*anōthen*": "again/from the beginning/from above", "*douleuein*": "to serve as slaves/be enslaved to/be in bondage to", "*thelete*": "you wish/desire/want" } }
  • Heb 10:39 : 39 { "verseID": "Hebrews.10.39", "source": "Ἡμεῖς δὲ οὐκ ἐσμὲν ὑποστολῆς εἰς ἀπώλειαν· ἀλλὰ πίστεως εἰς περιποίησιν ψυχῆς.", "text": "We but not *esmen hypostolēs* to *apōleian*; but of *pisteōs* to *peripoiēsin psychēs*.", "grammar": { "*esmen*": "present, active, indicative, 1st person, plural - we are", "*hypostolēs*": "genitive, feminine, singular - of shrinking back/drawing back", "*apōleian*": "accusative, feminine, singular - destruction/perdition", "*pisteōs*": "genitive, feminine, singular - of faith", "*peripoiēsin*": "accusative, feminine, singular - preservation/saving", "*psychēs*": "genitive, feminine, singular - of soul" }, "variants": { "*hypostolēs*": "shrinking back/drawing back/withdrawal", "*apōleian*": "destruction/ruin/perdition", "*peripoiēsin*": "preservation/saving/gaining", "*psychēs*": "soul/life" } }
  • 2 Pet 2:21 : 21 { "verseID": "2 Peter.2.21", "source": "Κρεῖττον γὰρ ἦν αὐτοῖς μὴ ἐπεγνωκέναι τὴν ὁδὸν τῆς δικαιοσύνης, ἢ, ἐπιγνοῦσιν, ἐπιστρέψαι ἐκ τῆς παραδοθείσης αὐτοῖς ἁγίας ἐντολῆς.", "text": "*Kreitton gar ēn autois mē epegnōkenai tēn hodon tēs dikaiosynēs, ē, epignousin, epistrepsai ek tēs paradotheisēs autois hagias entolēs*.", "grammar": { "*Kreitton*": "nominative singular neuter comparative - 'better'", "*gar*": "postpositive particle - 'for'", "*ēn*": "imperfect indicative active, 3rd singular - 'it was'", "*autois*": "dative plural masculine - 'for them'", "*mē*": "negative particle - 'not'", "*epegnōkenai*": "perfect active infinitive - 'to have known'", "*tēn hodon*": "accusative singular feminine - 'the way'", "*tēs dikaiosynēs*": "genitive singular feminine - 'of righteousness'", "*ē*": "comparative particle - 'than'", "*epignousin*": "aorist active participle, dative plural masculine - 'having known'", "*epistrepsai*": "aorist active infinitive - 'to turn back'", "*ek*": "preposition - 'from'", "*tēs paradotheisēs*": "aorist passive participle, genitive singular feminine - 'having been delivered'", "*autois*": "dative plural masculine - 'to them'", "*hagias*": "genitive singular feminine - 'holy'", "*entolēs*": "genitive singular feminine - 'commandment'" }, "variants": { "*Kreitton*": "better/superior/preferable", "*epegnōkenai*": "to have known/fully recognized/understood", "*hodon*": "way/path/road", "*dikaiosynēs*": "righteousness/justice/righteous conduct", "*epignousin*": "having known/recognized/understood", "*epistrepsai*": "to turn back/return/turn away", "*paradotheisēs*": "having been delivered/handed down/transmitted", "*hagias*": "holy/sacred/set apart", "*entolēs*": "commandment/instruction/order" } }
  • 1 John 2:19 : 19 { "verseID": "1 John.2.19", "source": "Ἐξ ἡμῶν ἐξῆλθον, ἀλλʼ οὐκ ἦσαν ἐξ ἡμῶν· εἰ γὰρ ἦσαν ἐξ ἡμῶν, μεμενήκεισαν ἂν μεθʼ ἡμῶν: ἀλλʼ, ἵνα φανερωθῶσιν ὅτι οὐκ εἰσὶν πάντες ἐξ ἡμῶν.", "text": "From us they *exēlthon*, *all'* not they *ēsan* from us; if *gar* they *ēsan* from us, they would have *memenēkeisan an meth'* us: *all'*, *hina* they might be *phanerōthōsin* that not they *eisin* all from us.", "grammar": { "*exēlthon*": "aorist, indicative, active, 3rd person plural - they went out", "*all'*": "contraction of *alla* - but/rather", "*ēsan*": "imperfect, indicative, active, 3rd person plural - they were", "*gar*": "postpositive conjunction - for/because", "*memenēkeisan*": "pluperfect, indicative, active, 3rd person plural - they had remained", "*an*": "particle indicating contingency", "*meth'*": "contraction of *meta* - with", "*hina*": "subordinating conjunction introducing purpose - so that/in order that", "*phanerōthōsin*": "aorist, subjunctive, passive, 3rd person plural - they might be revealed/made manifest", "*eisin*": "present, indicative, active, 3rd person plural - they are" }, "variants": { "*exēlthon*": "went out/departed/left", "*ēsan*": "were/existed/belonged", "*memenēkeisan an*": "would have remained/would have continued/would have stayed", "*phanerōthōsin*": "might be revealed/made manifest/shown openly/made clear", "*eisin*": "are/exist/belong" } }
  • Exod 32:8 : 8 { "verseID": "Exodus.32.8", "source": "סָ֣רוּ מַהֵ֗ר מִן־הַדֶּ֙רֶךְ֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר צִוִּיתִ֔ם עָשׂ֣וּ לָהֶ֔ם עֵ֖גֶל מַסֵּכָ֑ה וַיִּשְׁתַּֽחֲווּ־לוֹ֙ וַיִּזְבְּחוּ־ל֔וֹ וַיֹּ֣אמְר֔וּ אֵ֤לֶּה אֱלֹהֶ֙יךָ֙ יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל אֲשֶׁ֥ר הֽ͏ֶעֱל֖וּךָ מֵאֶ֥רֶץ מִצְרָֽיִם׃", "text": "They *sārû* *mahēr* from the *hadderek* which *ṣiwwîtim*, they *ʿāśû* for themselves *ʿēgel* *massēkāh* and *wayyištaḥăwû* to it and *wayyizbəḥû* to it, and *wayyōmərû*, These your *ʾĕlōheykā* *Yiśrāʾēl*, who *heʿĕlūkā* from *ʾereṣ* *Miṣrāyim*.", "grammar": { "*sārû*": "Qal perfect 3rd common plural - they turned aside", "*mahēr*": "adverb - quickly", "*hadderek*": "definite noun, masculine singular - the way", "*ṣiwwîtim*": "Piel perfect 1st common singular with 3rd masculine plural suffix - I commanded them", "*ʿāśû*": "Qal perfect 3rd common plural - they made", "*ʿēgel*": "noun, masculine singular - calf", "*massēkāh*": "noun, feminine singular - molten image/cast idol", "*wayyištaḥăwû*": "Hishtaphel imperfect 3rd masculine plural with waw consecutive - and they bowed down", "*wayyizbəḥû*": "Qal imperfect 3rd masculine plural with waw consecutive - and they sacrificed", "*wayyōmərû*": "Qal imperfect 3rd masculine plural with waw consecutive - and they said", "*ʾĕlōheykā*": "noun masculine plural with 2nd masculine singular suffix - your gods/God", "*Yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel", "*heʿĕlūkā*": "Hiphil perfect 3rd masculine plural with 2nd masculine singular suffix - they brought you up" }, "variants": { "*sārû*": "turned aside/departed/deviated", "*massēkāh*": "molten image/cast idol/molten metal", "*ʾĕlōheykā*": "your gods/your God/your divine beings" } }
  • Deut 13:17 : 17 { "verseID": "Deuteronomy.13.17", "source": "וְאֶת־כָּל־שְׁלָלָ֗הּ תִּקְבֹּץ֮ אֶל־תּ֣וֹךְ רְחֹבָהּ֒ וְשָׂרַפְתָּ֨ בָאֵ֜שׁ אֶת־הָעִ֤יר וְאֶת־כָּל־שְׁלָלָהּ֙ כָּלִ֔יל לַיהוָ֖ה אֱלֹהֶ֑יךָ וְהָיְתָה֙ תֵּ֣ל עוֹלָ֔ם לֹ֥א תִבָּנֶ֖ה עֽוֹד׃", "text": "And-*ʾet*-all-*šĕlālāh* *tiqbōṣ* to-*tôk* *rĕḥōbāh* and-*wĕśāraptā* with-the-*bāʾēš* *ʾet*-the-*hāʿîr* and-*ʾet*-all-*šĕlālāh* *kālîl* to-*YHWH* *ʾĕlōhêkā* and-she-shall-be *tēl* *ʿôlām* not *tibbāneh* further.", "grammar": { "*šĕlālāh*": "noun, masculine singular with 3rd person feminine singular suffix - its spoil", "*tiqbōṣ*": "qal imperfect, 2nd person masculine singular - you shall gather", "*tôk*": "noun, masculine singular construct - midst of", "*rĕḥōbāh*": "noun, feminine singular with 3rd person feminine singular suffix - its open square", "*wĕśāraptā*": "qal perfect with waw consecutive, 2nd person masculine singular - and you shall burn", "*bāʾēš*": "preposition bet + definite article + noun, feminine singular - with the fire", "*hāʿîr*": "noun, feminine singular with definite article - the city", "*kālîl*": "noun, masculine singular - whole burnt offering/completely", "*tēl*": "noun, masculine singular - heap/mound", "*ʿôlām*": "noun, masculine singular - forever/eternity", "*tibbāneh*": "niphal imperfect, 3rd person feminine singular - it shall be built" }, "variants": { "*šālāl*": "spoil/plunder/booty", "*qābaṣ*": "gather/collect/assemble", "*tāwek*": "midst/middle/among", "*rĕḥōb*": "open square/street/marketplace", "*śārap*": "burn/consume by fire", "*ʾēš*": "fire/flame", "*kālîl*": "whole burnt offering/completely/entirely", "*tēl*": "heap/mound/ruin", "*ʿôlām*": "forever/always/eternity", "*bānāh*": "build/rebuild/establish" } }
  • 1 Sam 15:11 : 11 { "verseID": "1 Samuel.15.11", "source": "נִחַ֗מְתִּי כִּֽי־הִמְלַ֤כְתִּי אֶת־שָׁאוּל֙ לְמֶ֔לֶךְ כִּֽי־שָׁב֙ מֵאַֽחֲרַ֔י וְאֶת־דְּבָרַ֖י לֹ֣א הֵקִ֑ים וַיִּ֙חַר֙ לִשְׁמוּאֵ֔ל וַיִּזְעַ֥ק אֶל־יְהוָ֖ה כָּל־הַלָּֽיְלָה׃", "text": "I repent *niḥamtî* that *kî*-I made king *himlaḵtî* *ʾeṯ*-*šāʾûl* to king *ləmeleḵ*, for *kî*-he has turned *šāḇ* from after me *mēʾaḥăray* and *wəʾeṯ*-my words *dəḇāray* not *lōʾ* he established *hēqîm*; and it grieved *wayyiḥar* to *lišmûʾēl* and he cried out *wayyizʿaq* to *ʾel*-*YHWH* all *kol*-the night *hallāylâ*.", "grammar": { "*niḥamtî*": "Niphal perfect, 1st person singular - I repent/regret/am sorry", "*kî*": "conjunction - that/because/for", "*himlaḵtî*": "Hiphil perfect, 1st person singular - I made king/caused to reign", "*ʾeṯ*": "direct object marker", "*šāʾûl*": "proper noun, masculine singular - Saul", "*ləmeleḵ*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular - to/as king", "*kî*": "conjunction - for/because", "*šāḇ*": "Qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - he has turned/returned", "*mēʾaḥăray*": "preposition + noun, masculine plural + 1st person singular suffix - from after me", "*wəʾeṯ*": "conjunction + direct object marker", "*dəḇāray*": "noun, masculine plural + 1st person singular suffix - my words", "*lōʾ*": "negative particle - not", "*hēqîm*": "Hiphil perfect, 3rd masculine singular - he established/fulfilled", "*wayyiḥar*": "waw consecutive + Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and it burned/grieved", "*lišmûʾēl*": "preposition + proper noun, masculine singular - to Samuel", "*wayyizʿaq*": "waw consecutive + Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he cried out", "*ʾel*": "preposition - to", "*YHWH*": "proper noun, divine name - Yahweh/the LORD", "*kol*": "noun, masculine singular construct - all of", "*hallāylâ*": "definite article + noun, masculine singular - the night" }, "variants": { "*niḥamtî*": "I repent/regret/am sorry/change my mind", "*šāḇ*": "he has turned/returned/turned away", "*mēʾaḥăray*": "from after me/from following me", "*hēqîm*": "he established/fulfilled/carried out", "*wayyiḥar*": "and it burned/angered/grieved", "*wayyizʿaq*": "and he cried out/called out/complained" } }
  • 1 Kgs 21:2-9 : 2 { "verseID": "1 Kings.21.2", "source": "וַיְדַבֵּ֣ר אַחְאָ֣ב אֶל־נָב֣וֹת ׀ לֵאמֹר֩ ׀ תְּנָה־לִּ֨י אֶֽת־כַּרְמְךָ֜ וִֽיהִי־לִ֣י לְגַן־יָרָ֗ק כִּ֣י ה֤וּא קָרוֹב֙ אֵ֣צֶל בֵּיתִ֔י וְאֶתְּנָ֤ה לְךָ֙ תַּחְתָּ֔יו כֶּ֖רֶם ט֣וֹב מִמֶּ֑נּוּ אִ֚ם ט֣וֹב בְּעֵינֶ֔יךָ אֶתְּנָה־לְךָ֥ כֶ֖סֶף מְחִ֥יר זֶֽה׃", "text": "*wa-yədabbēr* *ʾaḥʾāb* to-*nābôt* *lēʾmōr* give-to-me *ʾet*-*karməkā* *wî-yhî*-to-me for-*gan*-*yārāq* because it *qārôb* *ʾēṣel* *bêtî*, and-*ʾettənâ* to-you *taḥtāyw* *kerem* *ṭôb* from-it; if *ṭôb* in-*ʿênêkā*, *ʾettənâ*-to-you *kesep* *məḥîr* this.", "grammar": { "*wa-yədabbēr*": "conjunction + imperfect, 3rd singular masculine, Piel - and he spoke", "*ʾaḥʾāb*": "proper name, masculine - Ahab", "*nābôt*": "proper name, masculine - Naboth", "*lēʾmōr*": "preposition + Qal infinitive construct - saying", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*karməkā*": "noun, masculine singular construct + 2nd person masculine singular suffix - your vineyard", "*wî-yhî*": "conjunction + jussive, 3rd singular masculine - and let it be", "*gan*": "noun, masculine singular construct - garden of", "*yārāq*": "noun, masculine singular - vegetables/herbs", "*qārôb*": "adjective, masculine singular - near/close", "*ʾēṣel*": "preposition - beside/near", "*bêtî*": "noun, masculine singular construct + 1st person singular suffix - my house", "*ʾettənâ*": "imperfect, 1st singular, Qal cohortative - I will give", "*taḥtāyw*": "preposition + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - instead of it", "*kerem*": "noun, masculine singular - vineyard", "*ṭôb*": "adjective, masculine singular - good", "*ʿênêkā*": "noun, feminine dual construct + 2nd person masculine singular suffix - your eyes", "*kesep*": "noun, masculine singular - silver/money", "*məḥîr*": "noun, masculine singular construct - price of" }, "variants": { "*lēʾmōr*": "saying", "*gan-yārāq*": "vegetable garden/herb garden", "*qārôb*": "near/close by", "*taḥtāyw*": "instead of it/in its place", "*ṭôb* in-*ʿênêkā*": "good in your eyes/pleasing to you" } } 3 { "verseID": "1 Kings.21.3", "source": "וַיֹּ֥אמֶר נָב֖וֹת אֶל־אַחְאָ֑ב חָלִ֤ילָה לִּי֙ מֵֽיהוָ֔ה מִתִּתִּ֛י אֶת־נַחֲלַ֥ת אֲבֹתַ֖י לָֽךְ׃", "text": "*wa-yōʾmer* *nābôt* to-*ʾaḥʾāb*, *ḥālîlâ* to-me from-*YHWH* from-giving-me *ʾet*-*naḥălat* *ʾăbōtay* to-you.", "grammar": { "*wa-yōʾmer*": "conjunction + imperfect, 3rd singular masculine, Qal - and he said", "*nābôt*": "proper name, masculine - Naboth", "*ʾaḥʾāb*": "proper name, masculine - Ahab", "*ḥālîlâ*": "interjection - far be it/God forbid", "*YHWH*": "divine name - Yahweh/the LORD", "*mittitî*": "preposition + Qal infinitive construct + 1st person singular suffix - from my giving", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*naḥălat*": "noun, feminine singular construct - inheritance of", "*ʾăbōtay*": "noun, masculine plural construct + 1st person singular suffix - my fathers" }, "variants": { "*ḥālîlâ*": "far be it/God forbid/profane thing", "*naḥălat ʾăbōtay*": "inheritance of my fathers/ancestral inheritance" } } 4 { "verseID": "1 Kings.21.4", "source": "וַיָּבֹא֩ אַחְאָ֨ב אֶל־בֵּית֜וֹ סַ֣ר וְזָעֵ֗ף עַל־הַדָּבָר֙ אֲשֶׁר־דִּבֶּ֣ר אֵלָ֗יו נָבוֹת֙ הַיִּזְרְעֵאלִ֔י וַיֹּ֕אמֶר לֹֽא־אֶתֵּ֥ן לְךָ֖ אֶת־נַחֲלַ֣ת אֲבוֹתָ֑י וַיִּשְׁכַּב֙ עַל־מִטָּת֔וֹ וַיַּסֵּ֥ב אֶת־פָּנָ֖יו וְלֹֽא־אָ֥כַל לָֽחֶם׃", "text": "*wa-yābōʾ* *ʾaḥʾāb* to-*bêtô* *sar* and-*zāʿēp* concerning-the-*dābār* that-*dibber* to-him *nābôt* the-*yizrəʿēʾlî* *wa-yōʾmer* not-*ʾettēn* to-you *ʾet*-*naḥălat* *ʾăbôtāy*; *wa-yiškab* on-*miṭṭātô* *wa-yassēb* *ʾet*-*pānāyw* and-not-*ʾākal* *lāḥem*.", "grammar": { "*wa-yābōʾ*": "conjunction + imperfect, 3rd singular masculine, Qal - and he came", "*ʾaḥʾāb*": "proper name, masculine - Ahab", "*bêtô*": "noun, masculine singular + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his house", "*sar*": "adjective, masculine singular - sullen/depressed", "*zāʿēp*": "adjective, masculine singular - angry/indignant", "*dābār*": "noun, masculine singular - word/matter", "*dibber*": "perfect, 3rd singular masculine, Piel - spoke", "*nābôt*": "proper name, masculine - Naboth", "*yizrəʿēʾlî*": "gentilic adjective, masculine singular - Jezreelite", "*wa-yōʾmer*": "conjunction + imperfect, 3rd singular masculine, Qal - and he said", "*ʾettēn*": "imperfect, 1st singular, Qal - I will give", "*naḥălat*": "noun, feminine singular construct - inheritance of", "*ʾăbôtāy*": "noun, masculine plural construct + 1st person singular suffix - my fathers", "*wa-yiškab*": "conjunction + imperfect, 3rd singular masculine, Qal - and he lay down", "*miṭṭātô*": "noun, feminine singular + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his bed", "*wa-yassēb*": "conjunction + imperfect, 3rd singular masculine, Hiphil - and he turned", "*pānāyw*": "noun, masculine plural + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his face", "*ʾākal*": "perfect, 3rd singular masculine, Qal - ate", "*lāḥem*": "noun, masculine singular - bread/food" }, "variants": { "*sar*": "sullen/depressed/turning aside", "*zāʿēp*": "angry/indignant/vexed", "*dibber*": "spoke/said", "*wa-yassēb*": "and he turned away/and he turned aside", "*lāḥem*": "bread/food" } } 5 { "verseID": "1 Kings.21.5", "source": "וַתָּבֹ֥א אֵלָ֖יו אִיזֶ֣בֶל אִשְׁתּ֑וֹ וַתְּדַבֵּ֣ר אֵלָ֗יו מַה־זֶּה֙ רוּחֲךָ֣ סָרָ֔ה וְאֵינְךָ֖ אֹכֵ֥ל לָֽחֶם׃", "text": "*wa-tābōʾ* to-him *ʾîzebel* *ʾištô* *wa-tədabbēr* to-him, what-this *rûḥăkā* *sārâ* and-*ʾênəkā* *ʾōkēl* *lāḥem*?", "grammar": { "*wa-tābōʾ*": "conjunction + imperfect, 3rd singular feminine, Qal - and she came", "*ʾîzebel*": "proper name, feminine - Jezebel", "*ʾištô*": "noun, feminine singular + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his wife", "*wa-tədabbēr*": "conjunction + imperfect, 3rd singular feminine, Piel - and she spoke", "*rûḥăkā*": "noun, feminine singular + 2nd person masculine singular suffix - your spirit", "*sārâ*": "adjective, feminine singular - sullen/turned away", "*ʾênəkā*": "negative particle + 2nd person masculine singular suffix - you are not", "*ʾōkēl*": "participle, masculine singular, Qal - eating", "*lāḥem*": "noun, masculine singular - bread/food" }, "variants": { "*rûḥăkā sārâ*": "your spirit is sullen/your mood is turned", "*ʾōkēl lāḥem*": "eating food/eating bread" } } 6 { "verseID": "1 Kings.21.6", "source": "וַיְדַבֵּ֣ר אֵלֶ֗יהָ כִּֽי־אֲ֠דַבֵּר אֶל־נָב֨וֹת הַיִּזְרְעֵאלִ֜י וָאֹ֣מַר ל֗וֹ תְּנָה־לִּ֤י אֶֽת־כַּרְמְךָ֙ בְּכֶ֔סֶף א֚וֹ אִם־חָפֵ֣ץ אַתָּ֔ה אֶתְּנָה־לְךָ֥ כֶ֖רֶם תַּחְתָּ֑יו וַיֹּ֕אמֶר לֹֽא־אֶתֵּ֥ן לְךָ֖ אֶת־כַּרְמִֽי׃", "text": "*wa-yədabbēr* to-her, because-*ʾădabbēr* to-*nābôt* the-*yizrəʿēʾlî* *wa-ʾōmar* to-him, give-to-me *ʾet*-*karməkā* for-*kesep*, or if-*ḥāpēṣ* you, *ʾettənâ*-to-you *kerem* *taḥtāyw*; *wa-yōʾmer*, not-*ʾettēn* to-you *ʾet*-*karmî*.", "grammar": { "*wa-yədabbēr*": "conjunction + imperfect, 3rd singular masculine, Piel - and he spoke", "*ʾădabbēr*": "perfect, 1st singular, Piel - I spoke", "*nābôt*": "proper name, masculine - Naboth", "*yizrəʿēʾlî*": "gentilic adjective, masculine singular - Jezreelite", "*wa-ʾōmar*": "conjunction + imperfect, 1st singular, Qal - and I said", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*karməkā*": "noun, masculine singular construct + 2nd person masculine singular suffix - your vineyard", "*kesep*": "noun, masculine singular - silver/money", "*ḥāpēṣ*": "adjective, masculine singular - desiring/pleased", "*ʾettənâ*": "imperfect, 1st singular, Qal cohortative - I will give", "*kerem*": "noun, masculine singular - vineyard", "*taḥtāyw*": "preposition + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - instead of it", "*wa-yōʾmer*": "conjunction + imperfect, 3rd singular masculine, Qal - and he said", "*ʾettēn*": "imperfect, 1st singular, Qal - I will give", "*karmî*": "noun, masculine singular + 1st person singular suffix - my vineyard" }, "variants": { "*ḥāpēṣ*": "desiring/pleased/willing", "*taḥtāyw*": "instead of it/in its place" } } 7 { "verseID": "1 Kings.21.7", "source": "וַתֹּ֤אמֶר אֵלָיו֙ אִיזֶ֣בֶל אִשְׁתּ֔וֹ אַתָּ֕ה עַתָּ֛ה תַּעֲשֶׂ֥ה מְלוּכָ֖ה עַל־יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל ק֤וּם אֱכָל־לֶ֙חֶם֙ וְיִטַ֣ב לִבֶּ֔ךָ אֲנִי֙ אֶתֵּ֣ן לְךָ֔ אֶת־כֶּ֖רֶם נָב֥וֹת הַיִּזְרְעֵאלִֽי׃", "text": "*wa-tōʾmer* to-him *ʾîzebel* *ʾištô*, you now *taʿăśeh* *məlûkâ* over-*yiśrāʾēl*? *qûm ʾĕkāl-leḥem* and-*yîṭab* *libbekā*. I *ʾettēn* to-you *ʾet*-*kerem* *nābôt* the-*yizrəʿēʾlî*.", "grammar": { "*wa-tōʾmer*": "conjunction + imperfect, 3rd singular feminine, Qal - and she said", "*ʾîzebel*": "proper name, feminine - Jezebel", "*ʾištô*": "noun, feminine singular + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his wife", "*taʿăśeh*": "imperfect, 2nd singular masculine, Qal - you exercise/do", "*məlûkâ*": "noun, feminine singular - kingship/sovereignty", "*yiśrāʾēl*": "proper name - Israel", "*qûm*": "imperative, masculine singular, Qal - arise", "*ʾĕkāl-leḥem*": "imperative, masculine singular, Qal + noun - eat bread", "*yîṭab*": "jussive, 3rd singular masculine, Qal - let it be good", "*libbekā*": "noun, masculine singular + 2nd person masculine singular suffix - your heart", "*ʾettēn*": "imperfect, 1st singular, Qal - I will give", "*kerem*": "noun, masculine singular - vineyard", "*nābôt*": "proper name, masculine - Naboth", "*yizrəʿēʾlî*": "gentilic adjective, masculine singular - Jezreelite" }, "variants": { "*taʿăśeh məlûkâ*": "exercise kingship/rule as king", "*yîṭab libbekā*": "let your heart be good/be cheerful/be merry" } } 8 { "verseID": "1 Kings.21.8", "source": "וַתִּכְתֹּ֤ב סְפָרִים֙ בְּשֵׁ֣ם אַחְאָ֔ב וַתַּחְתֹּ֖ם בְּחֹתָמ֑וֹ וַתִּשְׁלַ֣ח *הספרים **סְפָרִ֗ים אֶל־הַזְקֵנִ֤ים וְאֶל־הַֽחֹרִים֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר בְּעִיר֔וֹ הַיֹּשְׁבִ֖ים אֶת־נָבֽוֹת׃", "text": "*wa-tiktōb* *səpārîm* in-*šēm* *ʾaḥʾāb* *wa-taḥtōm* with-*ḥōtāmô* *wa-tišlaḥ* *səpārîm* to-the-*zəqēnîm* and-to-the-*ḥōrîm* who in-*ʿîrô* the-*yōšəbîm* with-*nābôt*.", "grammar": { "*wa-tiktōb*": "conjunction + imperfect, 3rd singular feminine, Qal - and she wrote", "*səpārîm*": "noun, masculine plural - letters/documents", "*šēm*": "noun, masculine singular construct - name of", "*ʾaḥʾāb*": "proper name, masculine - Ahab", "*wa-taḥtōm*": "conjunction + imperfect, 3rd singular feminine, Qal - and she sealed", "*ḥōtāmô*": "noun, masculine singular + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his seal", "*wa-tišlaḥ*": "conjunction + imperfect, 3rd singular feminine, Qal - and she sent", "*zəqēnîm*": "adjective/noun, masculine plural - elders", "*ḥōrîm*": "noun, masculine plural - nobles/free men", "*ʿîrô*": "noun, feminine singular + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his city", "*yōšəbîm*": "participle, masculine plural, Qal - dwelling/living", "*nābôt*": "proper name, masculine - Naboth" }, "variants": { "*səpārîm*": "letters/documents/scrolls", "*ḥōtāmô*": "his seal/his signet", "*zəqēnîm*": "elders/older men", "*ḥōrîm*": "nobles/free men/officials", "*yōšəbîm*": "dwelling/living/sitting" } } 9 { "verseID": "1 Kings.21.9", "source": "וַתִּכְתֹּ֥ב בַּסְּפָרִ֖ים לֵאמֹ֑ר קִֽרְאוּ־צ֔וֹם וְהוֹשִׁ֥יבוּ אֶת־נָב֖וֹת בְּרֹ֥אשׁ הָעָֽם׃", "text": "*wa-tiktōb* in-the-*səpārîm* *lēʾmōr*, *qirʾû-ṣôm* and-*hôšîbû* *ʾet*-*nābôt* in-*rōʾš* the-*ʿām*.", "grammar": { "*wa-tiktōb*": "conjunction + imperfect, 3rd singular feminine, Qal - and she wrote", "*səpārîm*": "noun, masculine plural - letters/documents", "*lēʾmōr*": "preposition + Qal infinitive construct - saying", "*qirʾû-ṣôm*": "imperative, 2nd plural masculine, Qal + noun - call/proclaim a fast", "*hôšîbû*": "imperative, 2nd plural masculine, Hiphil - cause to sit/seat", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*nābôt*": "proper name, masculine - Naboth", "*rōʾš*": "noun, masculine singular construct - head of", "*ʿām*": "noun, masculine singular - people" }, "variants": { "*qirʾû-ṣôm*": "proclaim a fast/call a fast", "*hôšîbû*": "seat/set/place", "*rōʾš*": "head/top/chief place" } } 10 { "verseID": "1 Kings.21.10", "source": "וְ֠הוֹשִׁיבוּ שְׁנַ֨יִם אֲנָשִׁ֥ים בְּנֵֽי־בְלִיַּעַל֮ נֶגְדּוֹ֒ וִיעִדֻ֣הוּ לֵאמֹ֔ר בֵּרַ֥כְתָּ אֱלֹהִ֖ים וָמֶ֑לֶךְ וְהוֹצִיאֻ֥הוּ וְסִקְלֻ֖הוּ וְיָמֹֽת׃", "text": "And-*hôšîbû* two *ʾănāšîm* *bənê*-*bəlîyaʿal* opposite-him *wîʿiduhû* *lēʾmōr*, *bēraktā* *ʾĕlōhîm* and-*melek*; and-*hôṣîʾuhû* and-*siqəluhû* and-*yāmōt*.", "grammar": { "*hôšîbû*": "imperative, 2nd plural masculine, Hiphil - cause to sit/seat", "*ʾănāšîm*": "noun, masculine plural - men", "*bənê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - sons of", "*bəlîyaʿal*": "noun, masculine singular - worthlessness/wickedness", "*wîʿiduhû*": "conjunction + jussive, 3rd plural masculine, Hiphil + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - and let them testify against him", "*lēʾmōr*": "preposition + Qal infinitive construct - saying", "*bēraktā*": "perfect, 2nd singular masculine, Piel - you blessed/cursed", "*ʾĕlōhîm*": "noun, masculine plural - God/gods", "*melek*": "noun, masculine singular - king", "*hôṣîʾuhû*": "imperative, 2nd plural masculine, Hiphil + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - bring him out", "*siqəluhû*": "imperative, 2nd plural masculine, Qal + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - stone him", "*yāmōt*": "jussive, 3rd singular masculine, Qal - let him die" }, "variants": { "*bənê-bəlîyaʿal*": "worthless men/scoundrels/sons of wickedness", "*bēraktā*": "blessed/cursed (euphemism for cursed)", "*ʾĕlōhîm*": "God/gods/divine beings", "*hôṣîʾuhû*": "bring him out/lead him out" } } 11 { "verseID": "1 Kings.21.11", "source": "וַיַּעֲשׂוּ֩ אַנְשֵׁ֨י עִיר֜וֹ הַזְּקֵנִ֣ים וְהַחֹרִ֗ים אֲשֶׁ֤ר הַיֹּֽשְׁבִים֙ בְּעִיר֔וֹ כַּאֲשֶׁ֛ר שָׁלְחָ֥ה אֲלֵיהֶ֖ם אִיזָ֑בֶל כַּאֲשֶׁ֤ר כָּתוּב֙ בַּסְּפָרִ֔ים אֲשֶׁ֥ר שָׁלְחָ֖ה אֲלֵיהֶֽם׃", "text": "*wa-yaʿăśû* *ʾanšê* *ʿîrô* the-*zəqēnîm* and-the-*ḥōrîm* who the-*yōšəbîm* in-*ʿîrô* as-*ʾăšer* *šāləḥâ* to-them *ʾîzābel*, as-*ʾăšer* *kātûb* in-the-*səpārîm* which *šāləḥâ* to-them.", "grammar": { "*wa-yaʿăśû*": "conjunction + imperfect, 3rd plural masculine, Qal - and they did", "*ʾanšê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - men of", "*ʿîrô*": "noun, feminine singular + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his city", "*zəqēnîm*": "adjective/noun, masculine plural - elders", "*ḥōrîm*": "noun, masculine plural - nobles/free men", "*yōšəbîm*": "participle, masculine plural, Qal - dwelling/living", "*ʾăšer*": "relative pronoun - which/that", "*šāləḥâ*": "perfect, 3rd singular feminine, Qal - she sent", "*ʾîzābel*": "proper name, feminine - Jezebel", "*kātûb*": "passive participle, masculine singular, Qal - written", "*səpārîm*": "noun, masculine plural - letters/documents" }, "variants": { "*ʾanšê*": "men of/people of", "*zəqēnîm*": "elders/older men", "*ḥōrîm*": "nobles/free men/officials", "*yōšəbîm*": "dwelling/living/sitting" } } 12 { "verseID": "1 Kings.21.12", "source": "קָרְא֖וּ צ֑וֹם וְהֹשִׁ֥יבוּ אֶת־נָב֖וֹת בְּרֹ֥אשׁ הָעָֽם׃", "text": "*qārəʾû* *ṣôm* and-*hōšîbû* *ʾet*-*nābôt* in-*rōʾš* the-*ʿām*.", "grammar": { "*qārəʾû*": "perfect, 3rd plural masculine, Qal - they proclaimed", "*ṣôm*": "noun, masculine singular - fast", "*hōšîbû*": "perfect, 3rd plural masculine, Hiphil - they seated", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*nābôt*": "proper name, masculine - Naboth", "*rōʾš*": "noun, masculine singular construct - head of", "*ʿām*": "noun, masculine singular - people" }, "variants": { "*qārəʾû ṣôm*": "proclaimed a fast/called a fast", "*rōʾš*": "head/top/chief place" } } 13 { "verseID": "1 Kings.21.13", "source": "וַ֠יָּבֹאוּ שְׁנֵ֨י הָאֲנָשִׁ֥ים בְּנֵֽי־בְלִיַּעַל֮ וַיֵּשְׁב֣וּ נֶגְדּוֹ֒ וַיְעִדֻהוּ֩ אַנְשֵׁ֨י הַבְּלִיַּ֜עַל אֶת־נָב֗וֹת נֶ֤גֶד הָעָם֙ לֵאמֹ֔ר בֵּרַ֥ךְ נָב֛וֹת אֱלֹהִ֖ים וָמֶ֑לֶךְ וַיֹּצִאֻ֙הוּ֙ מִח֣וּץ לָעִ֔יר וַיִּסְקְלֻ֥הוּ בָאֲבָנִ֖ים וַיָּמֹֽת׃", "text": "*wa-yābōʾû* two the-*ʾănāšîm* *bənê*-*bəlîyaʿal* *wa-yēšəbû* opposite-him; *wa-yəʿiduhû* *ʾanšê* the-*bəlîyaʿal* *ʾet*-*nābôt* before the-*ʿām* *lēʾmōr*, *bērak* *nābôt* *ʾĕlōhîm* and-*melek*; *wa-yōṣiʾuhû* outside the-city *wa-yisqəluhû* with-the-stones *wa-yāmōt*.", "grammar": { "*wa-yābōʾû*": "conjunction + imperfect, 3rd plural masculine, Qal - and they came", "*ʾănāšîm*": "noun, masculine plural - men", "*bənê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - sons of", "*bəlîyaʿal*": "noun, masculine singular - worthlessness/wickedness", "*wa-yēšəbû*": "conjunction + imperfect, 3rd plural masculine, Qal - and they sat", "*wa-yəʿiduhû*": "conjunction + imperfect, 3rd plural masculine, Hiphil + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - and they testified against him", "*ʾanšê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - men of", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*nābôt*": "proper name, masculine - Naboth", "*ʿām*": "noun, masculine singular - people", "*lēʾmōr*": "preposition + Qal infinitive construct - saying", "*bērak*": "perfect, 3rd singular masculine, Piel - he blessed/cursed", "*ʾĕlōhîm*": "noun, masculine plural - God/gods", "*melek*": "noun, masculine singular - king", "*wa-yōṣiʾuhû*": "conjunction + imperfect, 3rd plural masculine, Hiphil + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - and they brought him out", "*wa-yisqəluhû*": "conjunction + imperfect, 3rd plural masculine, Qal + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - and they stoned him", "*wa-yāmōt*": "conjunction + imperfect, 3rd singular masculine, Qal - and he died" }, "variants": { "*bənê-bəlîyaʿal*": "worthless men/scoundrels/sons of wickedness", "*bērak*": "blessed/cursed (euphemism for cursed)", "*ʾĕlōhîm*": "God/gods/divine beings" } } 14 { "verseID": "1 Kings.21.14", "source": "וַֽיִּשְׁלְח֖וּ אֶל־אִיזֶ֣בֶל לֵאמֹ֑ר סֻקַּ֥ל נָב֖וֹת וַיָּמֹֽת׃", "text": "*wa-yišləḥû* to-*ʾîzebel* *lēʾmōr*, *suqqal* *nābôt* *wa-yāmōt*.", "grammar": { "*wa-yišləḥû*": "conjunction + imperfect, 3rd plural masculine, Qal - and they sent", "*ʾîzebel*": "proper name, feminine - Jezebel", "*lēʾmōr*": "preposition + Qal infinitive construct - saying", "*suqqal*": "perfect, 3rd singular masculine, Pual - he was stoned", "*nābôt*": "proper name, masculine - Naboth", "*wa-yāmōt*": "conjunction + imperfect, 3rd singular masculine, Qal - and he died" }, "variants": { "*suqqal*": "was stoned/has been stoned" } } 15 { "verseID": "1 Kings.21.15", "source": "וַֽיְהִי֙ כִּשְׁמֹ֣עַ אִיזֶ֔בֶל כִּֽי־סֻקַּ֥ל נָב֖וֹת וַיָּמֹ֑ת וַתֹּ֨אמֶר אִיזֶ֜בֶל אֶל־אַחְאָ֗ב ק֣וּם רֵ֞שׁ אֶת־כֶּ֣רֶם ׀ נָב֣וֹת הַיִּזְרְעֵאלִ֗י אֲשֶׁ֤ר מֵאֵן֙ לָתֶת־לְךָ֣ בְכֶ֔סֶף כִּ֣י אֵ֥ין נָב֛וֹת חַ֖י כִּי־מֵֽת׃", "text": "*wa-yəhî* when-*kišmōaʿ* *ʾîzebel* that-*suqqal* *nābôt* *wa-yāmōt*, *wa-tōʾmer* *ʾîzebel* to-*ʾaḥʾāb*, *qûm* *rēš* *ʾet*-*kerem* *nābôt* the-*yizrəʿēʾlî* who *mēʾēn* to-give-to-you for-*kesep*, because *ʾên* *nābôt* alive but-dead.", "grammar": { "*wa-yəhî*": "conjunction + imperfect, 3rd singular masculine, Qal - and it happened", "*kišmōaʿ*": "preposition + Qal infinitive construct - when hearing", "*ʾîzebel*": "proper name, feminine - Jezebel", "*suqqal*": "perfect, 3rd singular masculine, Pual - he was stoned", "*nābôt*": "proper name, masculine - Naboth", "*wa-yāmōt*": "conjunction + imperfect, 3rd singular masculine, Qal - and he died", "*wa-tōʾmer*": "conjunction + imperfect, 3rd singular feminine, Qal - and she said", "*ʾaḥʾāb*": "proper name, masculine - Ahab", "*qûm*": "imperative, masculine singular, Qal - arise", "*rēš*": "imperative, masculine singular, Qal - take possession of", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*kerem*": "noun, masculine singular construct - vineyard of", "*yizrəʿēʾlî*": "gentilic adjective, masculine singular - Jezreelite", "*mēʾēn*": "perfect, 3rd singular masculine, Piel - he refused", "*kesep*": "noun, masculine singular - silver/money", "*ʾên*": "particle of negation - there is not", "*ḥay*": "adjective, masculine singular - alive" }, "variants": { "*rēš*": "take possession of/inherit/seize", "*mēʾēn*": "refused/declined", "*ʾên nābôt ḥay kî-mēt*": "Naboth is not alive but dead" } } 16 { "verseID": "1 Kings.21.16", "source": "וַיְהִ֛י כִּשְׁמֹ֥עַ אַחְאָ֖ב כִּ֣י מֵ֣ת נָב֑וֹת וַיָּ֣קָם אַחְאָ֗ב לָרֶ֛דֶת אֶל־כֶּ֛רֶם נָב֥וֹת הַיִּזְרְעֵאלִ֖י לְרִשְׁתּֽוֹ׃ ס", "text": "*wa-yəhî* when-*kišmōaʿ* *ʾaḥʾāb* that *mēt* *nābôt*, *wa-yāqām* *ʾaḥʾāb* to-go-down to-*kerem* *nābôt* the-*yizrəʿēʾlî* to-take-possession-of-it.", "grammar": { "*wa-yəhî*": "conjunction + imperfect, 3rd singular masculine, Qal - and it happened", "*kišmōaʿ*": "preposition + Qal infinitive construct - when hearing", "*ʾaḥʾāb*": "proper name, masculine - Ahab", "*mēt*": "perfect, 3rd singular masculine, Qal - he died/was dead", "*nābôt*": "proper name, masculine - Naboth", "*wa-yāqām*": "conjunction + imperfect, 3rd singular masculine, Qal - and he arose", "*kerem*": "noun, masculine singular construct - vineyard of", "*yizrəʿēʾlî*": "gentilic adjective, masculine singular - Jezreelite", "*lərištô*": "preposition + Qal infinitive construct + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - to take possession of it" }, "variants": { "*lāredet*": "to go down/to descend", "*lərištô*": "to take possession of it/to inherit it/to seize it" } } 17 { "verseID": "1 Kings.21.17", "source": "וַיְהִי֙ דְּבַר־יְהוָ֔ה אֶל־אֵלִיָּ֥הוּ הַתִּשְׁבִּ֖י לֵאמֹֽר׃", "text": "*wa-yəhî* *dəbar*-*YHWH* to-*ʾēlîyāhû* the-*tišbî* *lēʾmōr*.", "grammar": { "*wa-yəhî*": "conjunction + imperfect, 3rd singular masculine, Qal - and it happened/came", "*dəbar*": "noun, masculine singular construct - word of", "*YHWH*": "divine name - Yahweh/the LORD", "*ʾēlîyāhû*": "proper name, masculine - Elijah", "*tišbî*": "gentilic adjective, masculine singular - Tishbite", "*lēʾmōr*": "preposition + Qal infinitive construct - saying" }, "variants": { "*dəbar-YHWH*": "word of YHWH/message from the LORD" } } 18 { "verseID": "1 Kings.21.18", "source": "ק֣וּם רֵ֗ד לִקְרַ֛את אַחְאָ֥ב מֶֽלֶךְ־יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל אֲשֶׁ֣ר בְּשֹׁמְר֑וֹן הִנֵּה֙ בְּכֶ֣רֶם נָב֔וֹת אֲשֶׁר־יָ֥רַד שָׁ֖ם לְרִשְׁתּֽוֹ׃", "text": "*qûm* *rēd* to-meet *ʾaḥʾāb* *melek*-*yiśrāʾēl* who in-*šōmərôn*; *hinnēh* in-*kerem* *nābôt* which-*yārad* there to-take-possession-of-it.", "grammar": { "*qûm*": "imperative, masculine singular, Qal - arise", "*rēd*": "imperative, masculine singular, Qal - go down", "*ʾaḥʾāb*": "proper name, masculine - Ahab", "*melek*": "noun, masculine singular construct - king of", "*yiśrāʾēl*": "proper name - Israel", "*šōmərôn*": "proper name, location - Samaria", "*hinnēh*": "demonstrative particle - behold", "*kerem*": "noun, masculine singular construct - vineyard of", "*nābôt*": "proper name, masculine - Naboth", "*yārad*": "perfect, 3rd singular masculine, Qal - he went down", "*lərištô*": "preposition + Qal infinitive construct + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - to take possession of it" }, "variants": { "*liqraʾt*": "to meet/to encounter", "*lərištô*": "to take possession of it/to inherit it/to seize it" } } 19 { "verseID": "1 Kings.21.19", "source": "וְדִבַּרְתָּ֨ אֵלָ֜יו לֵאמֹ֗ר כֹּ֚ה אָמַ֣ר יְהוָ֔ה הֲרָצַ֖חְתָּ וְגַם־יָרָ֑שְׁתָּ וְדִבַּרְתָּ֨ אֵלָ֜יו לֵאמֹ֗ר כֹּ֚ה אָמַ֣ר יְהוָ֔ה בִּמְק֗וֹם אֲשֶׁ֨ר לָקְק֤וּ הַכְּלָבִים֙ אֶת־דַּ֣ם נָב֔וֹת יָלֹ֧קּוּ הַכְּלָבִ֛ים אֶת־דָּמְךָ֖ גַּם־אָֽתָּה׃", "text": "And-*dibbartā* to-him *lēʾmōr*, thus *ʾāmar* *YHWH*, have-*rāṣaḥtā* and-also-*yārāštā*? And-*dibbartā* to-him *lēʾmōr*, thus *ʾāmar* *YHWH*, in-the-*māqôm* where *lāqəqû* the-*kəlābîm* *ʾet*-*dam* *nābôt* *yālōqqû* the-*kəlābîm* *ʾet*-*dāməkā* also-you.", "grammar": { "*dibbartā*": "perfect, 2nd singular masculine, Piel - you shall speak", "*lēʾmōr*": "preposition + Qal infinitive construct - saying", "*ʾāmar*": "perfect, 3rd singular masculine, Qal - he said", "*YHWH*": "divine name - Yahweh/the LORD", "*rāṣaḥtā*": "perfect, 2nd singular masculine, Qal - you have murdered", "*yārāštā*": "perfect, 2nd singular masculine, Qal - you have taken possession", "*māqôm*": "noun, masculine singular - place", "*lāqəqû*": "perfect, 3rd plural masculine, Qal - they licked up", "*kəlābîm*": "noun, masculine plural - dogs", "*dam*": "noun, masculine singular construct - blood of", "*nābôt*": "proper name, masculine - Naboth", "*yālōqqû*": "imperfect, 3rd plural masculine, Qal - they will lick up", "*dāməkā*": "noun, masculine singular + 2nd person masculine singular suffix - your blood" }, "variants": { "*rāṣaḥtā*": "you have murdered/you have killed/you have slain", "*yārāštā*": "you have taken possession/you have inherited/you have seized", "*māqôm*": "place/location/spot" } } 20 { "verseID": "1 Kings.21.20", "source": "וַיֹּ֤אמֶר אַחְאָב֙ אֶל־אֵ֣לִיָּ֔הוּ הַֽמְצָאתַ֖נִי אֹיְבִ֑י וַיֹּ֣אמֶר מָצָ֔אתִי יַ֚עַן הִתְמַכֶּרְךָ֔ לַעֲשׂ֥וֹת הָרַ֖ע בְּעֵינֵ֥י יְהוָֽה׃", "text": "*wa-yōʾmer* *ʾaḥʾāb* to-*ʾēlîyāhû*, have-you-found-me, my-*ʾōyəbî*? *wa-yōʾmer*, I-have-found-you, because *hitmakerəkā* to-do the-*raʿ* in-*ʿênê* *YHWH*.", "grammar": { "*wa-yōʾmer*": "conjunction + imperfect, 3rd singular masculine, Qal - and he said", "*ʾaḥʾāb*": "proper name, masculine - Ahab", "*ʾēlîyāhû*": "proper name, masculine - Elijah", "*hamṣāʾtanî*": "perfect, 2nd singular masculine, Qal + interrogative prefix + 1st person singular suffix - have you found me", "*ʾōyəbî*": "noun, masculine singular + 1st person singular suffix - my enemy", "*māṣāʾtî*": "perfect, 1st singular, Qal - I have found", "*hitmakerəkā*": "infinitive construct, Hithpael + 2nd person masculine singular suffix - your selling yourself", "*raʿ*": "adjective, masculine singular - evil/bad", "*ʿênê*": "noun, feminine dual construct - eyes of", "*YHWH*": "divine name - Yahweh/the LORD" }, "variants": { "*ʾōyəbî*": "my enemy/my adversary", "*hitmakerəkā*": "your selling yourself/your devoting yourself", "*raʿ*": "evil/wickedness/bad", "*bəʿênê YHWH*": "in the eyes of YHWH/in the sight of the LORD" } } 21 { "verseID": "1 Kings.21.21", "source": "הִנְנִ֨י *מבי **מֵבִ֤יא אֵלֶ֙יךָ֙ רָעָ֔ה וּבִעַרְתִּ֖י אַחֲרֶ֑יךָ וְהִכְרַתִּ֤י לְאַחְאָב֙ מַשְׁתִּ֣ין בְּקִ֔יר וְעָצ֥וּר וְעָז֖וּב בְּיִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃", "text": "*hinənî* *mēbî* to-you *rāʿâ*, and-*biʿartî* after-you, and-*hikrattî* to-*ʾaḥʾāb* *maštîn* in-*qîr* and-*ʿāṣûr* and-*ʿāzûb* in-*yiśrāʾēl*.", "grammar": { "*hinənî*": "demonstrative particle + 1st person singular suffix - behold me", "*mēbî*": "participle, masculine singular, Hiphil - bringing", "*rāʿâ*": "noun, feminine singular - evil/calamity", "*biʿartî*": "perfect, 1st singular, Piel - I will burn/sweep away", "*hikrattî*": "perfect, 1st singular, Hiphil - I will cut off", "*ʾaḥʾāb*": "proper name, masculine - Ahab", "*maštîn*": "participle, masculine singular, Hiphil - one who urinates", "*qîr*": "noun, masculine singular - wall", "*ʿāṣûr*": "passive participle, masculine singular, Qal - restrained/bound", "*ʿāzûb*": "passive participle, masculine singular, Qal - free/abandoned", "*yiśrāʾēl*": "proper name - Israel" }, "variants": { "*mēbî rāʿâ*": "bringing evil/bringing calamity", "*biʿartî*": "I will burn/I will sweep away/I will consume", "*maštîn bəqîr*": "one who urinates against a wall (idiom for males)", "*ʿāṣûr wəʿāzûb*": "bond and free/restrained and abandoned (idiom for everyone)" } } 22 { "verseID": "1 Kings.21.22", "source": "וְנָתַתִּ֣י אֶת־בֵּיתְךָ֗ כְּבֵית֙ יָרָבְעָ֣ם בֶּן־נְבָ֔ט וּכְבֵ֖ית בַּעְשָׁ֣א בֶן־אֲחִיָּ֑ה אֶל־הַכַּ֙עַס֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר הִכְעַ֔סְתָּ וַֽתַּחֲטִ֖א אֶת־יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃", "text": "And-*nātattî* *ʾet*-*bêtəkā* like-*bêt* *yārābəʿām* *ben*-*nəbāṭ* and-like-*bêt* *baʿšāʾ* *ben*-*ʾăḥîyâ*, because-of-the-*kaʿas* which *hikʿastā* *wa-taḥăṭî* *ʾet*-*yiśrāʾēl*.", "grammar": { "*nātattî*": "perfect, 1st singular, Qal - I will make", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*bêtəkā*": "noun, masculine singular + 2nd person masculine singular suffix - your house", "*bêt*": "noun, masculine singular construct - house of", "*yārābəʿām*": "proper name, masculine - Jeroboam", "*ben*": "noun, masculine singular construct - son of", "*nəbāṭ*": "proper name, masculine - Nebat", "*baʿšāʾ*": "proper name, masculine - Baasha", "*ʾăḥîyâ*": "proper name, masculine - Ahijah", "*kaʿas*": "noun, masculine singular - provocation/anger", "*hikʿastā*": "perfect, 2nd singular masculine, Hiphil - you have provoked to anger", "*wa-taḥăṭî*": "conjunction + imperfect, 2nd singular masculine, Hiphil - and you made sin", "*yiśrāʾēl*": "proper name - Israel" }, "variants": { "*kaʿas*": "provocation/anger/offense", "*hikʿastā*": "you have provoked to anger/you have vexed", "*wa-taḥăṭî*": "and you made sin/and you caused to sin" } } 23 { "verseID": "1 Kings.21.23", "source": "וְגַ֨ם־לְאִיזֶ֔בֶל דִּבֶּ֥ר יְהוָ֖ה לֵאמֹ֑ר הַכְּלָבִ֛ים יֹאכְל֥וּ אֶת־אִיזֶ֖בֶל בְּחֵ֥ל יִזְרְעֶֽאל׃", "text": "And-also-for-*ʾîzebel* *dibber* *YHWH* *lēʾmōr*, the-*kəlābîm* *yōʾkəlû* *ʾet*-*ʾîzebel* by-the-*ḥēl* *yizrəʿeʾl*.", "grammar": { "*ʾîzebel*": "proper name, feminine - Jezebel", "*dibber*": "perfect, 3rd singular masculine, Piel - he has spoken", "*YHWH*": "divine name - Yahweh/the LORD", "*lēʾmōr*": "preposition + Qal infinitive construct - saying", "*kəlābîm*": "noun, masculine plural - dogs", "*yōʾkəlû*": "imperfect, 3rd plural masculine, Qal - they will eat", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*ḥēl*": "noun, masculine singular construct - wall/rampart of", "*yizrəʿeʾl*": "proper name, location - Jezreel" }, "variants": { "*ḥēl*": "wall/rampart/outer wall/fortification" } } 24 { "verseID": "1 Kings.21.24", "source": "הַמֵּ֤ת לְאַחְאָב֙ בָּעִ֔יר יֹאכְל֖וּ הַכְּלָבִ֑ים וְהַמֵּת֙ בַּשָּׂדֶ֔ה יֹאכְל֖וּ ע֥וֹף הַשָּׁמָֽיִם׃", "text": "The-*mēt* to-*ʾaḥʾāb* in-the-city *yōʾkəlû* the-*kəlābîm*, and-the-*mēt* in-the-field *yōʾkəlû* *ʿôp* the-*šāmāyim*.", "grammar": { "*mēt*": "participle, masculine singular, Qal - one who dies", "*ʾaḥʾāb*": "proper name, masculine - Ahab", "*yōʾkəlû*": "imperfect, 3rd plural masculine, Qal - they will eat", "*kəlābîm*": "noun, masculine plural - dogs", "*śādeh*": "noun, masculine singular - field", "*ʿôp*": "noun, masculine singular construct - birds of", "*šāmāyim*": "noun, masculine dual - heavens/sky" }, "variants": { "*ʿôp hašāmāyim*": "birds of the heavens/birds of the sky/fowl of the air" } } 25 { "verseID": "1 Kings.21.25", "source": "רַ֚ק לֹֽא־הָיָ֣ה כְאַחְאָ֔ב אֲשֶׁ֣ר הִתְמַכֵּ֔ר לַעֲשׂ֥וֹת הָרַ֖ע בְּעֵינֵ֣י יְהוָ֑ה אֲשֶׁר־הֵסַ֥תָּה אֹת֖וֹ אִיזֶ֥בֶל אִשְׁתּֽוֹ׃", "text": "Surely not-*hāyâ* like-*ʾaḥʾāb* who *hitmakēr* to-do the-*raʿ* in-*ʿênê* *YHWH*, whom-*hēsattâ* him *ʾîzebel* *ʾištô*.", "grammar": { "*hāyâ*": "perfect, 3rd singular masculine, Qal - there was", "*ʾaḥʾāb*": "proper name, masculine - Ahab", "*hitmakēr*": "perfect, 3rd singular masculine, Hithpael - he sold himself", "*raʿ*": "adjective, masculine singular - evil/bad", "*ʿênê*": "noun, feminine dual construct - eyes of", "*YHWH*": "divine name - Yahweh/the LORD", "*hēsattâ*": "perfect, 3rd singular feminine, Hiphil - she incited", "*ʾîzebel*": "proper name, feminine - Jezebel", "*ʾištô*": "noun, feminine singular + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his wife" }, "variants": { "*hitmakēr*": "sold himself/devoted himself", "*raʿ*": "evil/wickedness/bad", "*bəʿênê YHWH*": "in the eyes of YHWH/in the sight of the LORD", "*hēsattâ*": "incited/enticed/urged" } } 26 { "verseID": "1 Kings.21.26", "source": "וַיַּתְעֵ֣ב מְאֹ֔ד לָלֶ֖כֶת אַחֲרֵ֣י הַגִּלֻּלִ֑ים כְּכֹל֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר עָשׂ֣וּ הָאֱמֹרִ֔י אֲשֶׁר֙ הוֹרִ֣ישׁ יְהוָ֔ה מִפְּנֵ֖י בְּנֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ ס", "text": "*wa-yatʿēb* very to-walk after the-*gillulîm*, like-all that *ʿāśû* the-*ʾĕmōrî* whom *hôrîš* *YHWH* from-before *bənê* *yiśrāʾēl*.", "grammar": { "*wa-yatʿēb*": "conjunction + imperfect, 3rd singular masculine, Hiphil - and he acted abominably", "*gillulîm*": "noun, masculine plural - idols/dung idols", "*ʿāśû*": "perfect, 3rd plural masculine, Qal - they did", "*ʾĕmōrî*": "gentilic noun, masculine singular - Amorite", "*hôrîš*": "perfect, 3rd singular masculine, Hiphil - he dispossessed", "*YHWH*": "divine name - Yahweh/the LORD", "*bənê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - sons of", "*yiśrāʾēl*": "proper name - Israel" }, "variants": { "*wa-yatʿēb*": "he acted abominably/he did abominations", "*gillulîm*": "idols/dung idols/detestable things", "*hôrîš*": "dispossessed/drove out" } } 27 { "verseID": "1 Kings.21.27", "source": "וַיְהִי֩ כִשְׁמֹ֨עַ אַחְאָ֜ב אֶת־הַדְּבָרִ֤ים הָאֵ֙לֶּה֙ וַיִּקְרַ֣ע בְּגָדָ֔יו וַיָּֽשֶׂם־שַׂ֥ק עַל־בְּשָׂר֖וֹ וַיָּצ֑וֹם וַיִּשְׁכַּ֣ב בַּשָּׂ֔ק וַיְהַלֵּ֖ךְ אַֽט׃ ס", "text": "*wa-yəhî* when-*kišmōaʿ* *ʾaḥʾāb* *ʾet*-the-*dəbārîm* the-*ʾēlleh*, *wa-yiqraʿ* *bəgādāyw* *wa-yāśem*-*śaq* on-*bəśārô* *wa-yāṣôm* *wa-yiškab* in-the-*śāq* *wa-yəhallēk* *ʾaṭ*.", "grammar": { "*wa-yəhî*": "conjunction + imperfect, 3rd singular masculine, Qal - and it happened", "*kišmōaʿ*": "preposition + Qal infinitive construct - when hearing", "*ʾaḥʾāb*": "proper name, masculine - Ahab", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*dəbārîm*": "noun, masculine plural - words/things", "*ʾēlleh*": "demonstrative pronoun, plural - these", "*wa-yiqraʿ*": "conjunction + imperfect, 3rd singular masculine, Qal - and he tore", "*bəgādāyw*": "noun, masculine plural + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his clothes", "*wa-yāśem*": "conjunction + imperfect, 3rd singular masculine, Qal - and he put", "*śaq*": "noun, masculine singular - sackcloth", "*bəśārô*": "noun, masculine singular + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his flesh/body", "*wa-yāṣôm*": "conjunction + imperfect, 3rd singular masculine, Qal - and he fasted", "*wa-yiškab*": "conjunction + imperfect, 3rd singular masculine, Qal - and he lay", "*wa-yəhallēk*": "conjunction + imperfect, 3rd singular masculine, Piel - and he walked", "*ʾaṭ*": "adverb - slowly/softly" }, "variants": { "*śaq*": "sackcloth/sack", "*yəhallēk ʾaṭ*": "walked slowly/walked softly/went about dejected" } } 28 { "verseID": "1 Kings.21.28", "source": "וֽ͏ַיְהִי֙ דְּבַר־יְהוָ֔ה אֶל־אֵלִיָּ֥הוּ הַתִּשְׁבִּ֖י לֵאמֹֽר׃", "text": "*wa-yəhî* *dəbar*-*YHWH* to-*ʾēlîyāhû* the-*tišbî* *lēʾmōr*.", "grammar": { "*wa-yəhî*": "conjunction + imperfect, 3rd singular masculine, Qal - and it came", "*dəbar*": "noun, masculine singular construct - word of", "*YHWH*": "divine name - Yahweh/the LORD", "*ʾēlîyāhû*": "proper name, masculine - Elijah", "*tišbî*": "gentilic adjective, masculine singular - Tishbite", "*lēʾmōr*": "preposition + Qal infinitive construct - saying" }, "variants": { "*dəbar-YHWH*": "word of YHWH/message from the LORD" } } 29 { "verseID": "1 Kings.21.29", "source": "הֲ‍ֽרָאִ֔יתָ כִּֽי־נִכְנַ֥ע אַחְאָ֖ב מִלְּפָנָ֑י יַ֜עַן כִּֽי־נִכְנַ֣ע מִפָּנַ֗י לֹֽא־*אבי **אָבִ֤יא הֽ͏ָרָעָה֙ בְּיָמָ֔יו בִּימֵ֣י בְנ֔וֹ אָבִ֥יא הָרָעָ֖ה עַל־בֵּיתֽוֹ׃", "text": "Have-*rāʾîtā* that-*niknaʿ* *ʾaḥʾāb* from-before-me? Because that-*niknaʿ* from-my-face, not-*ʾābîʾ* the-*rāʿâ* in-*yāmāyw*; in-*yəmê* *bənô* *ʾābîʾ* the-*rāʿâ* upon-*bêtô*.", "grammar": { "*rāʾîtā*": "perfect, 2nd singular masculine, Qal - you have seen", "*niknaʿ*": "perfect, 3rd singular masculine, Niphal - he has humbled himself", "*ʾaḥʾāb*": "proper name, masculine - Ahab", "*ʾābîʾ*": "imperfect, 1st singular, Hiphil - I will bring", "*rāʿâ*": "noun, feminine singular - evil/calamity", "*yāmāyw*": "noun, masculine plural + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his days", "*yəmê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - days of", "*bənô*": "noun, masculine singular + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his son", "*bêtô*": "noun, masculine singular + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his house" }, "variants": { "*niknaʿ*": "humbled himself/bowed down", "*millpānāy*": "from before me/before my presence", "*ʾābîʾ rāʿâ*": "I will bring evil/I will bring calamity/I will bring disaster" } }
  • Ps 78:41 : 41 { "verseID": "Psalms.78.41", "source": "וַיָּשׁ֣וּבוּ וַיְנַסּ֣וּ אֵ֑ל וּקְד֖וֹשׁ יִשְׂרָאֵ֣ל הִתְווּ׃", "text": "*wə-yāšûbû* *wə-ynassû* *ʾēl* and-*qədōš* *yiśrāʾēl* *hitwû*", "grammar": { "*wə-yāšûbû*": "Qal imperfect 3rd masculine plural with waw consecutive - and they returned/turned back", "*wə-ynassû*": "Piel imperfect 3rd masculine plural with waw consecutive - and they tested/tried", "*ʾēl*": "masculine singular noun - God/deity", "*qədōš*": "masculine singular adjective construct - holy one of", "*yiśrāʾēl*": "proper name - Israel", "*hitwû*": "Hiphil perfect 3rd masculine plural - they marked out/limited" }, "variants": { "*wə-yāšûbû*": "returned/turned back/again", "*wə-ynassû*": "tested/tried/put to the proof", "*qədōš*": "holy one/sacred one", "*hitwû*": "marked out/limited/set bounds for" } }
  • Ps 78:57 : 57 { "verseID": "Psalms.78.57", "source": "וַיִּסֹּ֣גוּ וַֽ֭יִּבְגְּדוּ כַּאֲבוֹתָ֑ם נֶ֝הְפְּכ֗וּ כְּקֶ֣שֶׁת רְמִיָּֽה׃", "text": "*wə-yissōḡû* *wə-yiḇgəḏû* *ka-ʾăḇôṯām* *nehpəḵû* *kə-qešeṯ rəmîyâ*", "grammar": { "*wə-yissōḡû*": "Niphal imperfect 3rd masculine plural with waw consecutive - and they turned back", "*wə-yiḇgəḏû*": "Qal imperfect 3rd masculine plural with waw consecutive - and they acted treacherously", "*ka-ʾăḇôṯām*": "like their fathers - preposition + masculine plural noun with 3rd masculine plural suffix", "*nehpəḵû*": "Niphal perfect 3rd masculine plural - they were turned/turned themselves", "*kə-qešeṯ*": "like a bow - preposition + feminine singular noun", "*rəmîyâ*": "deceitful/slack/treacherous - feminine singular adjective" }, "variants": { "*wə-yissōḡû*": "turned back/turned away/retreated", "*wə-yiḇgəḏû*": "acted treacherously/dealt faithlessly/betrayed", "*nehpəḵû*": "were turned/turned themselves/were transformed", "*qešeṯ rəmîyâ*": "deceitful bow/treacherous bow/unreliable bow" } }
  • Ps 97:10 : 10 { "verseID": "Psalms.97.10", "source": "אֹהֲבֵ֥י יְהוָ֗ה שִׂנְא֫וּ רָ֥ע שֹׁ֭מֵר נַפְשׁ֣וֹת חֲסִידָ֑יו מִיַּ֥ד רְ֝שָׁעִ֗ים יַצִּילֵֽם", "text": "*ʾōhăḇê* *YHWH* *śinʾû* *rāʿ* *šōmēr* *nap̄šôṯ* *ḥăsîḏāyw* *miyyaḏ* *rəšāʿîm* *yaṣṣîlēm*", "grammar": { "*ʾōhăḇê*": "qal participle, masculine plural construct - ones loving", "*YHWH*": "proper divine name", "*śinʾû*": "qal imperative, 2nd person masculine plural - hate!", "*rāʿ*": "noun, masculine singular - evil", "*šōmēr*": "qal participle, masculine singular - guarding/keeping", "*nap̄šôṯ*": "noun, feminine plural construct - souls of", "*ḥăsîḏāyw*": "noun, masculine plural + suffix, 3rd person masculine singular - his faithful ones", "*miyyaḏ*": "preposition min + noun, feminine singular construct - from hand of", "*rəšāʿîm*": "adjective, masculine plural - wicked ones", "*yaṣṣîlēm*": "hiphil imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular + suffix, 3rd person masculine plural - he will deliver them" }, "variants": { "*ʾōhăḇê*": "ones loving/those who love", "*śinʾû*": "hate!/detest!/reject!", "*rāʿ*": "evil/wickedness/harm", "*šōmēr*": "guarding/keeping/protecting", "*nap̄šôṯ*": "souls/lives/persons", "*ḥăsîḏāyw*": "his faithful ones/his godly ones/his loyal followers", "*miyyaḏ*": "from hand of/from power of/from control of", "*rəšāʿîm*": "wicked ones/guilty ones/evildoers", "*yaṣṣîlēm*": "he will deliver them/he will rescue them/he will save them" } }
  • Ps 14:3 : 3 { "verseID": "Psalms.14.3", "source": "הַכֹּ֥ל סָר֮ יַחְדָּ֢ו נֶ֫אֱלָ֥חוּ אֵ֤ין עֹֽשֵׂה־ט֑וֹב אֵ֝֗ין גַּם־אֶחָֽד׃", "text": "The *kōl* have *sār* *yaḥdāw*, they have *neʾĕlāḥû*. There is none *ʿōśēh-ṭôb*, there is not *gam-ʾeḥād*.", "grammar": { "*kōl*": "noun with definite article - the whole/all/everyone", "*sār*": "qal perfect 3rd masculine singular - turned aside/departed", "*yaḥdāw*": "adverb - together/all of them", "*neʾĕlāḥû*": "niphal perfect 3rd plural - they have become corrupt/tainted/spoiled", "*ʿōśēh-ṭôb*": "qal participle masculine singular + noun - doer of good", "*gam-ʾeḥād*": "conjunction + noun - even one" }, "variants": { "*sār*": "turned aside/departed/gone astray", "*neʾĕlāḥû*": "became tainted/spoiled/corrupt/morally rotten", "*gam-ʾeḥād*": "even one/not even one" } }
  • Ps 18:20-23 : 20 { "verseID": "Psalms.18.20", "source": "וַיּוֹצִיאֵ֥נִי לַמֶּרְחָ֑ב יְ֝חַלְּצֵ֗נִי כִ֘י חָ֥פֵֽץ בִּֽי׃", "text": "And *yotsi'eni* to the *merchav* *yechaltseni* because *chafets* in me.", "grammar": { "*yotsi'eni*": "hifil imperfect with waw-consecutive, 3rd person masculine singular with 1st person singular suffix - and he brought me out", "*merchav*": "masculine singular noun with definite article - the broad place", "*yechaltseni*": "piel imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular with 1st person singular suffix - he will rescue me", "*chafets*": "qal perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - he delighted" }, "variants": { "*yotsi'eni*": "he brought me out/he led me out/he brought me forth", "*merchav*": "broad place/spacious place/large area", "*yechaltseni*": "he will rescue me/he will deliver me/he will set me free", "*chafets*": "he delighted/he took pleasure/he desired" } } 21 { "verseID": "Psalms.18.21", "source": "יִגְמְלֵ֣נִי יְהוָ֣ה כְּצִדְקִ֑י כְּבֹ֥ר יָ֝דַ֗י יָשִׁ֥יב לִֽי׃", "text": "*yigmeleni* *YHWH* according to *tsidqi* according to *bor* *yaday* *yashiv* to me.", "grammar": { "*yigmeleni*": "qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular with 1st person singular suffix - he will reward me", "*YHWH*": "proper noun, divine name", "*tsidqi*": "masculine singular noun with 1st person singular suffix - my righteousness", "*bor*": "masculine singular construct - cleanness of", "*yaday*": "feminine dual noun with 1st person singular suffix - my hands", "*yashiv*": "hifil imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - he will return/restore" }, "variants": { "*yigmeleni*": "he will reward me/he will recompense me/he will deal with me", "*tsidqi*": "my righteousness/my justice/my righteous deeds", "*bor*": "cleanness of/purity of/cleanliness of", "*yashiv*": "he will return/he will restore/he will repay" } } 22 { "verseID": "Psalms.18.22", "source": "כִּֽי־שָׁ֭מַרְתִּי דַּרְכֵ֣י יְהוָ֑ה וְלֹֽא־רָ֝שַׁ֗עְתִּי מֵאֱלֹהָֽי׃", "text": "Because *shamarti* *darkei* *YHWH* and not *rasha'ti* from *Elohay*.", "grammar": { "*shamarti*": "qal perfect, 1st person singular - I kept", "*darkei*": "construct state, feminine plural - ways of", "*YHWH*": "proper noun, divine name", "*rasha'ti*": "qal perfect, 1st person singular - I acted wickedly", "*Elohay*": "masculine plural noun with 1st person singular suffix - my God" }, "variants": { "*shamarti*": "I kept/I observed/I followed", "*darkei*": "ways of/paths of/roads of", "*rasha'ti*": "I acted wickedly/I departed wickedly/I was wicked" } } 23 { "verseID": "Psalms.18.23", "source": "כִּ֣י כָל־מִשְׁפָּטָ֣יו לְנֶגְדִּ֑י וְ֝חֻקֹּתָ֗יו לֹא־אָסִ֥יר מֶֽנִּי׃", "text": "Because all-*mishpatav* before me and *chuqotav* not *asir* from me.", "grammar": { "*mishpatav*": "masculine plural noun with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his judgments", "*chuqotav*": "feminine plural noun with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his statutes", "*asir*": "hifil imperfect, 1st person singular - I will remove" }, "variants": { "*mishpatav*": "his judgments/his ordinances/his laws", "*chuqotav*": "his statutes/his decrees/his laws", "*asir*": "I will remove/I will put away/I will turn aside" } }
  • Ps 26:4-5 : 4 { "verseID": "Psalms.26.4", "source": "לֹא־יָ֭שַׁבְתִּי עִם־מְתֵי־שָׁ֑וא וְעִ֥ם נַ֝עֲלָמִ֗ים לֹ֣א אָבֽוֹא׃", "text": "Not-*yāšaḇtî* with-*məṯê*-*šāwʾ* and-with *naʿălāmîm* not *ʾāḇôʾ*.", "grammar": { "*yāšaḇtî*": "qal perfect 1st person singular - I have sat/dwelled", "*məṯê*": "construct form of men/people/persons", "*šāwʾ*": "noun - falsehood/vanity/emptiness", "*naʿălāmîm*": "niphal participle masculine plural - hidden ones/hypocrites/deceitful ones", "*ʾāḇôʾ*": "qal imperfect 1st person singular - I will come/enter/go" }, "variants": { "*yāšaḇtî*": "I have sat/I have dwelled/I have associated with", "*məṯê*-*šāwʾ*": "men of falsehood/worthless people/deceitful persons", "*naʿălāmîm*": "hidden ones/hypocrites/dissemblers/deceitful ones", "*ʾāḇôʾ*": "I will come/I will enter/I will associate with" } } 5 { "verseID": "Psalms.26.5", "source": "שָׂ֭נֵאתִי קְהַ֣ל מְרֵעִ֑ים וְעִם־רְ֝שָׁעִ֗ים לֹ֣א אֵשֵֽׁב׃", "text": "*Śānêṯî* *qəhal* *mərêʿîm* and-with-*rəšāʿîm* not *ʾēšēḇ*.", "grammar": { "*Śānêṯî*": "qal perfect 1st person singular - I have hated", "*qəhal*": "construct noun - assembly/congregation/gathering", "*mərêʿîm*": "hiphil participle masculine plural - evildoers", "*rəšāʿîm*": "masculine plural adjective - wicked ones", "*ʾēšēḇ*": "qal imperfect 1st person singular - I will sit/dwell" }, "variants": { "*Śānêṯî*": "I have hated/I have detested", "*qəhal* *mərêʿîm*": "assembly of evildoers/congregation of wrongdoers", "*mərêʿîm*": "evildoers/wrongdoers/malefactors", "*rəšāʿîm*": "wicked ones/ungodly ones/evil ones", "*ʾēšēḇ*": "I will sit/I will dwell/I will associate" } }
  • Ps 36:3 : 3 { "verseID": "Psalms.36.3", "source": "כִּֽי־הֶחֱלִ֣יק אֵלָ֣יו בְּעֵינָ֑יו לִמְצֹ֖א עֲוֺנ֣וֹ לִשְׂנֹֽא׃", "text": "For *heḥĕlîq* to him in *ʿênāyw* to *mᵊṣōʾ* *ʿăwōnô* to *śᵊnōʾ*", "grammar": { "*heḥĕlîq*": "hiphil perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - he made smooth/flattered", "*ʿênāyw*": "feminine, dual construct with 3rd person masculine singular suffix (his) with prefixed preposition בְּ (in)", "*mᵊṣōʾ*": "qal infinitive construct with prefixed preposition לְ (to/for) - to find", "*ʿăwōnô*": "masculine, singular with 3rd person masculine singular suffix (his) - his iniquity", "*śᵊnōʾ*": "qal infinitive construct with prefixed preposition לְ (to/for) - to hate" }, "variants": { "*heḥĕlîq*": "flattered/made smooth/deceived", "*ʿênāyw*": "his eyes/in his sight", "*mᵊṣōʾ*": "to find/discover", "*ʿăwōnô*": "his iniquity/guilt/sin", "*śᵊnōʾ*": "to hate/abhor" } }
  • Ps 39:1 : 1 { "verseID": "Psalms.39.1", "source": "לַמְנַצֵּ֥חַ לִֽידוּת֗וּן מִזְמ֥וֹר לְדָוִֽד׃", "text": "To-the-*mənaṣṣēaḥ* to-*yədûtûn* *mizmôr* to-*dāwid*", "grammar": { "*mənaṣṣēaḥ*": "noun, masculine singular with prefixed preposition 'lə' - to/for the director/chief musician", "*yədûtûn*": "proper noun with prefixed preposition 'lə' - to/for Jeduthun (possibly a musician or music style)", "*mizmôr*": "noun, masculine singular construct - psalm/melody", "*dāwid*": "proper noun with prefixed preposition 'lə' - to/for/of David" }, "variants": { "*mənaṣṣēaḥ*": "director/chief musician/conductor/overseer", "*yədûtûn*": "Jeduthun (proper name of musician or musical guild or style)", "*mizmôr*": "psalm/melody/song/musical composition" } }