Verse 1

{ "verseID": "Psalms.132.1", "source": "שִׁ֗יר הַֽמַּ֫עֲל֥וֹת זְכוֹר־יְהוָ֥ה לְדָוִ֑ד אֵ֝ת כָּל־עֻנּוֹתֽוֹ׃", "text": "*šîr* the *hammaʿălôt* *zəḵôr*-*YHWH* to-*dāwid* *ʾēt* all-*ʿunnôtô*", "grammar": { "*šîr*": "construct state, masculine, singular - song of", "*hammaʿălôt*": "definite article + plural noun - the ascents/steps/degrees", "*zəḵôr*": "qal imperative, masculine, singular - remember", "*YHWH*": "divine name", "*dāwid*": "proper name with preposition lamed - to/for David", "*ʾēt*": "direct object marker", "*ʿunnôtô*": "noun with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his affliction/humiliation" }, "variants": { "*šîr hammaʿălôt*": "Song of Ascents/Song of Degrees/Song of Steps", "*zəḵôr*": "remember/be mindful of", "*ʿunnôtô*": "his affliction/his humiliation/his being afflicted/his hardship" } }

Other Translations

Referenced Verses

  • Ps 120:1 : 1 { "verseID": "Psalms.120.1", "source": "שִׁ֗יר הַֽמַּ֫עֲל֥וֹת אֶל־יְ֭הוָה בַּצָּרָ֣תָה לִּ֑י קָ֝רָ֗אתִי וֽ͏ַיַּעֲנֵֽנִי", "text": "*šîr* the-*maʿălôt* unto-*YHWH* in-the-*ṣārātâ* to-me *qārāʾtî* *wə-yaʿănēnî*", "grammar": { "*šîr*": "construct noun, masculine singular - song of", "*maʿălôt*": "noun, feminine plural - ascents/steps/degrees", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - divine name", "*ṣārātâ*": "noun, feminine singular with directional heh - distress/trouble", "*qārāʾtî*": "verb, qal perfect 1st person singular - I called", "*wə-yaʿănēnî*": "conjunction + verb, qal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular with 1st person singular suffix - and he answered me" }, "variants": { "*šîr hamaʿălôt*": "song of ascents/pilgrim song/song of steps/degrees", "*ṣārātâ*": "distress/trouble/adversity/affliction", "*qārāʾtî*": "I called/cried out/invoked" } }
  • Ps 121:1 : 1 { "verseID": "Psalms.121.1", "source": "שִׁ֗יר לַֽמַּ֫עֲל֥וֹת אֶשָּׂ֣א עֵ֭ינַי אֶל־הֶהָרִ֑ים מֵ֝אַ֗יִן יָבֹ֥א עֶזְרִֽי", "text": "*Šîr* for the *maʿălôt* I will *ʾeśśāʾ* my *ʿênay* to the *hehārîm*; from where will *yābōʾ* my *ʿezrî*?", "grammar": { "*Šîr*": "construct noun, masculine singular - song/psalm of", "*maʿălôt*": "noun, feminine plural with prefixed preposition lamed - ascents/steps/going up", "*ʾeśśāʾ*": "imperfect Qal, 1st person singular - I lift up/raise", "*ʿênay*": "noun, feminine dual construct with 1st person singular suffix - my eyes", "*hehārîm*": "noun, masculine plural with definite article - the mountains", "*mēʾayin*": "interrogative adverb with prefixed preposition - from where", "*yābōʾ*": "imperfect Qal, 3rd person masculine singular - will come", "*ʿezrî*": "noun, masculine singular with 1st person singular suffix - my help" }, "variants": { "*Šîr lamaʿălôt*": "Song of Ascents/A Song for the Steps/Pilgrim Song", "*ʾeśśāʾ*": "I lift up/I raise/I direct", "*hehārîm*": "the mountains/the hills/the high places", "*mēʾayin*": "from where/whence/from what source" } }
  • Ps 122:1 : 1 { "verseID": "Psalms.122.1", "source": "שִׁ֥יר הַֽמַּעֲל֗וֹת לְדָ֫וִ֥ד שָׂ֭מַחְתִּי בְּאֹמְרִ֣ים לִ֑י בֵּ֖ית יְהוָ֣ה נֵלֵֽךְ׃", "text": "*Shir ha-ma'alot* for *David*: I *samachti* in [those] *omerim* to me, \"[to the] *bet YHWH* we will *nelech*.\"", "grammar": { "*Shir*": "construct noun, masculine singular - song of", "*ha-ma'alot*": "definite article + noun, feminine plural - the ascents/steps", "*David*": "proper noun with prefixed preposition lamed - for/belonging to David", "*samachti*": "qal perfect, 1st person singular - I rejoiced/was glad", "*omerim*": "qal participle, masculine plural - saying/those who say", "*bet YHWH*": "construct noun + divine name - house of YHWH", "*nelech*": "qal imperfect, 1st person plural - we will go/let us go" }, "variants": { "*ma'alot*": "ascents/steps/pilgrimages/degrees", "*samachti*": "rejoiced/was glad/delighted", "*YHWH*": "divine name, traditionally not pronounced - LORD" } }
  • Ps 123:1 : 1 { "verseID": "Psalms.123.1", "source": "שִׁ֗יר הַֽמַּ֫עֲל֥וֹת אֵ֭לֶיךָ נָשָׂ֣אתִי אֶת־עֵינַ֑י הַ֝יֹּשְׁבִ֗י בַּשָּׁמָֽיִם׃", "text": "*šîr* the-*ma'ălôt* to-*'ēleyḵā* *nāśā'tî* *'et*-*'ênay* the-*yōšəḇî* in-the-*šāmāyim*", "grammar": { "*šîr*": "construct noun, masculine singular - song of", "*ma'ălôt*": "noun, feminine plural - ascents/steps/pilgrimages", "*'ēleyḵā*": "preposition with 2nd person masculine singular suffix - to you", "*nāśā'tî*": "verb, qal perfect, 1st person singular - I lifted up", "*'et*": "direct object marker", "*'ênay*": "noun with 1st person singular suffix - my eyes", "*yōšəḇî*": "participle, masculine singular with article - the one sitting/dwelling", "*šāmāyim*": "noun, masculine plural - heavens" }, "variants": { "*šîr ha-ma'ălôt*": "song of ascents/song of steps/pilgrimage song", "*nāśā'tî*": "I lifted/raised/carried", "*yōšəḇî*": "one sitting/dwelling/enthroned" } }
  • Ps 124:1 : 1 { "verseID": "Psalms.124.1", "source": "שִׁ֥יר הַֽמַּעֲל֗וֹת לְדָ֫וִ֥ד לוּלֵ֣י יְ֭הוָה שֶׁהָ֣יָה לָ֑נוּ יֹֽאמַר־נָ֝א יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃", "text": "*šîr* the *maʿălôt* to *dāwid* if-not *YHWH* that-*hāyāh* to-us, *yōʾmar*-now *yiśrāʾēl*", "grammar": { "*šîr*": "construct noun, masculine singular - song of", "*maʿălôt*": "noun, feminine plural - ascents/steps/degrees", "*dāwid*": "proper noun - David", "*lûlē*": "conditional negative particle - if not, except", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - the divine name", "*šehāyāh*": "relative pronoun + verb qal perfect 3rd masculine singular - who was", "*lānû*": "preposition + 1st person plural suffix - to/for us", "*yōʾmar*": "verb qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - let say/would say", "*nā*": "particle of entreaty - now/please", "*yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel" }, "variants": { "*šîr hamaʿălôt*": "song of ascents/pilgrim song/steps song", "*lûlē*": "unless/if not for/except", "*šehāyāh*": "who was/who has been", "*yōʾmar-nā*": "let say now/may say now/should say indeed" } }
  • Ps 125:1 : 1 { "verseID": "Psalms.125.1", "source": "שִׁ֗יר הַֽמַּ֫עֲל֥וֹת הַבֹּטְחִ֥ים בַּיהוָ֑ה כְּֽהַר־צִיּ֥וֹן לֹא־יִ֝מּ֗וֹט לְעוֹלָ֥ם יֵשֵֽׁב׃", "text": "A *šîr* of the *maʿălôt*. The ones *bōṭəḥîm* in *YHWH* like *har*-*ṣiyyôn* not-*yimmôṭ*, to *ʿôlām* *yēšēb*.", "grammar": { "*šîr*": "construct noun, masculine singular - song/psalm", "*maʿălôt*": "noun, feminine plural with definite article - ascents/steps/degrees", "*bōṭəḥîm*": "participle, masculine plural with definite article - trusting/those who trust", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - the LORD", "*har*": "noun, masculine singular in construct state - mountain of", "*ṣiyyôn*": "proper noun - Zion", "*yimmôṭ*": "niphal imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - will be moved/shaken", "*ʿôlām*": "noun, masculine singular - forever/eternity", "*yēšēb*": "qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - will remain/abide/dwell" }, "variants": { "*šîr hamaʿălôt*": "song of ascents/pilgrim song/song of steps", "*bōṭəḥîm*": "those who trust/the trusting ones/those who place confidence in", "*yimmôṭ*": "will be moved/will be shaken/will totter", "*yēšēb*": "remains/dwells/abides/sits" } }
  • Ps 126:1 : 1 { "verseID": "Psalms.126.1", "source": "שִׁ֗יר הַֽמַּ֫עֲל֥וֹת בְּשׁ֣וּב יְ֭הוָה אֶת־שִׁיבַ֣ת צִיּ֑וֹן הָ֝יִ֗ינוּ כְּחֹלְמִֽים׃", "text": "*šîr* the *maʿălôt* in *šûb* *YHWH* *ʾet*-*šîbat* *ṣiyyôn* *hāyînû* as-*ḥōlǝmîm*", "grammar": { "*šîr*": "construct noun, masculine singular - song of", "*maʿălôt*": "plural feminine noun with definite article - the ascents/steps/pilgrimages", "*šûb*": "infinitive construct of verb - return of/when returned", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - divine name", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*šîbat*": "construct noun, feminine singular - return/captivity of", "*ṣiyyôn*": "proper noun - Zion", "*hāyînû*": "qal perfect, 1st person plural - we were", "*ḥōlǝmîm*": "masculine plural participle - dreamers/dreaming ones" }, "variants": { "*šîbat*": "captivity/fortunes/restoration", "*šûb*": "to return/restore/bring back", "*maʿălôt*": "ascents/steps/degrees/pilgrimages" } }
  • Ps 127:1 : 1 { "verseID": "Psalms.127.1", "source": "שִׁ֥יר הַֽמַּֽעֲל֗וֹת לִשְׁלֹ֫מֹ֥ה אִם־יְהוָ֤ה ׀ לֹא־יִבְנֶ֬ה בַ֗יִת שָׁ֤וְא ׀ עָמְל֣וּ בוֹנָ֣יו בּ֑וֹ אִם־יְהוָ֥ה לֹֽא־יִשְׁמָר־עִ֝֗יר שָׁ֤וְא ׀ שָׁקַ֬ד שׁוֹמֵֽר׃", "text": "*Šîr* the *ma'ălôṯ* to *Šəlōmōh*. If *YHWH* not *yiḇneh bayiṯ*, *šāwə'* *'āməlû* *ḇônāyw* in it; if *YHWH* not *yišmār*-*'îr*, *šāwə'* *šāqaḏ* *šômēr*.", "grammar": { "*Šîr*": "construct state, masculine singular - song of", "*ma'ălôṯ*": "definite with article, feminine plural - the ascents/steps/pilgrimages", "*Šəlōmōh*": "proper name with preposition lamed - to/for/by Solomon", "*YHWH*": "divine name, tetragrammaton", "*yiḇneh*": "imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular, qal - will build", "*bayiṯ*": "masculine singular - house", "*šāwə'*": "masculine singular - vain/empty/worthless", "*'āməlû*": "perfect, 3rd person plural, qal - they labor/toil", "*ḇônāyw*": "masculine plural construct with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - its builders", "*yišmār*": "imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular, qal - will guard/keep", "*'îr*": "feminine singular - city", "*šāqaḏ*": "perfect, 3rd person masculine singular, qal - watches/stays awake", "*šômēr*": "participle, masculine singular, qal - watchman/guardian" }, "variants": { "*Šîr*": "song/psalm", "*ma'ălôṯ*": "ascents/steps/degrees/pilgrimages", "*Šəlōmōh*": "Solomon/of Solomon/for Solomon/by Solomon", "*šāwə'*": "in vain/worthless/to no purpose", "*'āməlû*": "labor/toil/work hard", "*yišmār*": "guard/keep/watch over/protect", "*šāqaḏ*": "watches/stays awake/is vigilant" } }
  • Ps 128:1 : 1 { "verseID": "Psalms.128.1", "source": "שִׁ֗יר הַֽמַּ֫עֲל֥וֹת אַ֭שְׁרֵי כָּל־יְרֵ֣א יְהוָ֑ה הַ֝הֹלֵ֗ךְ בִּדְרָכָֽיו׃", "text": "*šîr* the *maʿălôt* *ʾašrê* all-*yərēʾ* *YHWH* the-*hōlēk* in-*dərākâw*", "grammar": { "*šîr*": "construct state, masculine singular - song of", "*maʿălôt*": "plural noun - ascents/steps/degrees", "*ʾašrê*": "construct state plural of *ʾōšer* - happiness/blessedness of", "*yərēʾ*": "participle, masculine singular - fearing/one who fears", "*YHWH*": "divine name, tetragrammaton", "*hōlēk*": "participle, masculine singular with definite article - the one walking", "*dərākâw*": "noun, masculine plural with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his ways" }, "variants": { "*šîr hamaʿălôt*": "song of ascents/pilgrim song/song of steps/degrees", "*ʾašrê*": "blessed/happy/fortunate", "*yərēʾ*": "fears/reveres/stands in awe of" } }
  • Ps 129:1 : 1 { "verseID": "Psalms.129.1", "source": "שִׁ֗יר הַֽמַּ֫עֲל֥וֹת רַ֭בַּת צְרָר֣וּנִי מִנְּעוּרַ֑י יֹֽאמַר־נָ֝א יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃", "text": "*šîr* the *hammaʿălôt* *rabbat* *ṣərārûnî* from *nəʿûray* *yōʾmar*-*nāʾ* *yiśrāʾēl*", "grammar": { "*šîr*": "construct noun, masculine singular - song of", "*hammaʿălôt*": "definite article + noun, feminine plural - the ascents/steps/degrees", "*rabbat*": "adverb, intensive form - greatly/much/many times", "*ṣərārûnî*": "verb, Qal perfect, 3rd person plural with 1st person singular suffix - they have afflicted/oppressed me", "*nəʿûray*": "noun, masculine plural construct with 1st person singular suffix - my youth", "*yōʾmar*": "verb, Qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - let say/speak", "*nāʾ*": "particle of entreaty - now/please", "*yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel" }, "variants": { "*šîr* *hammaʿălôt*": "song of ascents/pilgrim song/song of degrees", "*rabbat*": "greatly/much/many times", "*ṣərārûnî*": "afflicted me/oppressed me/harassed me/bound me", "*yōʾmar*-*nāʾ*": "let say now/may say now/should say now" } }
  • Ps 130:1 : 1 { "verseID": "Psalms.130.1", "source": "שִׁ֥יר הַֽמַּעֲל֑וֹת מִמַּעֲמַקִּ֖ים קְרָאתִ֣יךָ יְהוָֽה", "text": "*šîr* the *maʿălôt* from *maʿămaqîm* *qārāʾtîkā* *YHWH*", "grammar": { "*šîr*": "construct noun, masculine, singular - song of", "*hamaʿălôt*": "definite article + noun, feminine, plural - the ascents/steps/degrees", "*mimaʿămaqîm*": "preposition מִן + noun, masculine, plural - from depths", "*qārāʾtîkā*": "perfect verb, 1st person singular with 2nd person masculine singular suffix - I called you", "*YHWH*": "proper noun, divine name - LORD" }, "variants": { "*maʿălôt*": "ascents/steps/degrees/pilgrimages", "*maʿămaqîm*": "depths/deep places/profound distress" } }
  • Ps 131:1 : 1 { "verseID": "Psalms.131.1", "source": "שִׁ֥יר הַֽמַּֽעֲל֗וֹת לְדָ֫וִ֥ד יְהוָ֤ה ׀ לֹא־גָבַ֣הּ לִ֭בִּי וְלֹא־רָמ֣וּ עֵינַ֑י וְלֹֽא־הִלַּ֓כְתִּי ׀ בִּגְדֹל֖וֹת וּבְנִפְלָא֣וֹת מִמֶּֽנִּי", "text": "*šîr* the-*maʿălôt* to-*Dāwid* *YHWH* not-*gābaḥ* *libbî* *wə*-not-*rāmû* *ʿênay* *wə*-not-*hillaktî* in-*gədōlôt* *û*-in-*nip̄lāʾôt* from-me", "grammar": { "*šîr*": "construct state, masculine, singular - 'song of'", "*maʿălôt*": "feminine, plural, with definite article - 'the ascents/steps'", "*Dāwid*": "proper name with preposition *lə* - 'to/of/for David'", "*YHWH*": "divine name, tetragrammaton", "*gābaḥ*": "qal perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - 'has been high/proud'", "*libbî*": "noun with 1st person singular possessive suffix - 'my heart'", "*wə*": "conjunction - 'and'", "*rāmû*": "qal perfect, 3rd person plural - 'have been lifted up/exalted'", "*ʿênay*": "noun, dual with 1st person singular possessive suffix - 'my eyes'", "*hillaktî*": "piel perfect, 1st person singular - 'I have walked/gone about'", "*gədōlôt*": "feminine plural adjective - 'great things'", "*û*": "conjunction - 'and'", "*nip̄lāʾôt*": "niphal participle, feminine plural - 'wonderful/marvelous things'", "*mimmennî*": "preposition *min* with 1st person singular suffix - 'from me/beyond me'" }, "variants": { "*šîr hamaʿălôt*": "song of ascents/song of steps/song of degrees", "*gābaḥ*": "to be high/proud/lifted up", "*rāmû*": "to be high/lifted up/exalted/haughty", "*hillaktî*": "to walk/go about/behave oneself", "*gədōlôt*": "great things/matters too great", "*nip̄lāʾôt*": "wonderful things/marvelous things/things too difficult" } }
  • Lam 3:19 : 19 { "verseID": "Lamentations.3.19", "source": "זְכָר־עָנְיִ֥י וּמְרוּדִ֖י לַעֲנָ֥ה וָרֹֽאשׁ׃", "text": "*zekār* *ʿānyî* and *merûdî* *laʿănâ* and *rōʾš*", "grammar": { "*zekār*": "verb, qal imperative, masculine singular - remember", "*ʿānyî*": "noun, masculine singular construct with 1st person singular suffix - my affliction", "*merûdî*": "noun, masculine singular construct with 1st person singular suffix - my homelessness", "*laʿănâ*": "noun, feminine singular - wormwood", "*rōʾš*": "noun, masculine singular - poison/gall" }, "variants": { "*ʿānyî*": "my affliction/my misery", "*merûdî*": "my homelessness/my wandering/my restlessness", "*rōʾš*": "poison/gall/venom/bitterness" } }
  • Lam 5:1 : 1 { "verseID": "Lamentations.5.1", "source": "זְכֹ֤ר יְהוָה֙ מֶֽה־הָ֣יָה לָ֔נוּ הַבִּ֖יטָה וּרְאֵ֥ה אֶת־חֶרְפָּתֵֽנוּ׃", "text": "*zəḵōr* *yəhwâ* what-*hāyâ* to-us, *habbîṭâ* and-*rəʾēh* *ʾeṯ*-*ḥerpāṯēnû*", "grammar": { "*zəḵōr*": "imperative masculine singular - remember", "*yəhwâ*": "proper noun - LORD/YHWH", "*hāyâ*": "perfect 3rd masculine singular - happened/occurred", "*habbîṭâ*": "hiphil imperative masculine singular with paragogic he - look/observe", "*rəʾēh*": "qal imperative masculine singular - see", "*ʾeṯ*": "direct object marker", "*ḥerpāṯēnû*": "noun feminine singular construct with 1st person plural suffix - our reproach/disgrace" }, "variants": { "*zəḵōr*": "remember/consider/be mindful of", "*habbîṭâ*": "look/observe/pay attention (intensified form with paragogic he for emphasis)", "*ḥerpāṯēnû*": "our reproach/disgrace/shame/insult" } }
  • Gen 8:1 : 1 { "verseID": "Genesis.8.1", "source": "וַיִּזְכֹּ֤ר אֱלֹהִים֙ אֶת־נֹ֔חַ וְאֵ֤ת כָּל־הֽ͏ַחַיָּה֙ וְאֶת־כָּל־הַבְּהֵמָ֔ה אֲשֶׁ֥ר אִתּ֖וֹ בַּתֵּבָ֑ה וַיַּעֲבֵ֨ר אֱלֹהִ֥ים ר֙וּחַ֙ עַל־הָאָ֔רֶץ וַיָּשֹׁ֖כּוּ הַמָּֽיִם", "text": "And *wayyizkōr* *ʾĕlōhîm* *ʾēt*-*nōaḥ* and *ʾēt* all-the-*ḥayyâ* and *ʾēt* all-the-*bəhēmâ* which with-him in-the-*tēbâ*; and *yaʿăbēr* *ʾĕlōhîm* *rûaḥ* over-the-*ʾereṣ* and *wayyāšōkkû* the-*mayim*", "grammar": { "*wayyizkōr*": "waw-consecutive + qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he remembered", "*ʾĕlōhîm*": "masculine plural noun used as singular - God", "*ʾēt*": "direct object marker", "*nōaḥ*": "proper name - Noah", "*ḥayyâ*": "feminine singular noun - living thing/animal/beast", "*bəhēmâ*": "feminine singular noun - livestock/domesticated animal", "*tēbâ*": "feminine singular noun with definite article - the ark/box", "*yaʿăbēr*": "waw-consecutive + hiphil imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he caused to pass", "*rûaḥ*": "feminine singular noun - wind/spirit/breath", "*ʾereṣ*": "feminine singular noun with definite article - the earth/land", "*wayyāšōkkû*": "waw-consecutive + qal imperfect, 3rd masculine plural - and they subsided/decreased" }, "variants": { "*wayyizkōr*": "remembered/took notice of/acted on behalf of", "*ʾĕlōhîm*": "God/gods (grammatically plural form used for singular deity)", "*rûaḥ*": "wind/spirit/breath", "*ʾereṣ*": "earth/land/ground", "*wayyāšōkkû*": "subsided/abated/decreased" } }
  • Exod 2:24 : 24 { "verseID": "Exodus.2.24", "source": "וַיִּשְׁמַ֥ע אֱלֹהִ֖ים אֶת־נַאֲקָתָ֑ם וַיִּזְכֹּ֤ר אֱלֹהִים֙ אֶת־בְּרִית֔וֹ אֶת־אַבְרָהָ֖ם אֶת־יִצְחָ֥ק וְאֶֽת־יַעֲקֹֽב׃", "text": "*wa-yyišmaʿ ʾĕlōhîm ʾet-naʾăqātām wa-yyizkōr ʾĕlōhîm ʾet-bərîtô ʾet-ʾabrāhām ʾet-yiṣḥāq wəʾet-yaʿăqōb*", "grammar": { "*wa-yyišmaʿ*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and heard", "*ʾĕlōhîm*": "masculine plural noun - God", "*ʾet-naʾăqātām*": "direct object marker + feminine singular noun + 3rd masculine plural suffix - their groaning", "*wa-yyizkōr*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and remembered", "*ʾĕlōhîm*": "masculine plural noun - God", "*ʾet-bərîtô*": "direct object marker + feminine singular noun + 3rd masculine singular suffix - his covenant", "*ʾet-ʾabrāhām*": "direct object marker + proper noun - Abraham", "*ʾet-yiṣḥāq*": "direct object marker + proper noun - Isaac", "*wəʾet-yaʿăqōb*": "conjunction + direct object marker + proper noun - and Jacob" }, "variants": { "*yišmaʿ*": "heard/listened to", "*ʾĕlōhîm*": "God", "*naʾăqâ*": "groaning/cry", "*yizkōr*": "remembered/recalled/took note of", "*bərît*": "covenant/agreement", "*ʾabrāhām*": "Abraham", "*yiṣḥāq*": "Isaac", "*yaʿăqōb*": "Jacob" } }
  • 1 Sam 18:1-9 : 1 { "verseID": "1 Samuel.18.1", "source": "וַיְהִ֗י כְּכַלֹּתוֹ֙ לְדַבֵּ֣ר אֶל־שָׁא֔וּל וְנֶ֙פֶשׁ֙ יְה֣וֹנָתָ֔ן נִקְשְׁרָ֖ה בְּנֶ֣פֶשׁ דָּוִ֑ד *ויאהבו **וַיֶּאֱהָבֵ֥הוּ יְהוֹנָתָ֖ן כְּנַפְשֽׁוֹ׃", "text": "And *wa-yəhî* when *kə-kallôtô* to *dabbēr* to *Šāʾûl*, and *nepeš* *Yəhônātān* *niqšərâ* in *nepeš* *Dāwid*; and *wa-yeʾĕhābēhû* *Yəhônātān* as *nepeš* his own.", "grammar": { "*wa-yəhî*": "conjunction + imperfect, 3ms - and it happened/came to pass", "*kə-kallôtô*": "preposition + infinitive construct + 3ms suffix - when he finished/completed", "*dabbēr*": "piel infinitive construct - to speak", "*Šāʾûl*": "proper noun - Saul", "*nepeš*": "feminine singular noun - soul/self/life", "*Yəhônātān*": "proper noun - Jonathan", "*niqšərâ*": "niphal perfect, 3fs - was bound/knit together", "*Dāwid*": "proper noun - David", "*wa-yeʾĕhābēhû*": "conjunction + qal imperfect, 3ms + 3ms suffix - and he loved him", "*kə-napšô*": "preposition + noun + 3ms suffix - as his own soul/self" }, "variants": { "*nepeš*": "soul/life/self/person/being", "*niqšərâ*": "was bound/knit together/tied/connected", "*ʾāhēb*": "love/affection/devotion" } } 2 { "verseID": "1 Samuel.18.2", "source": "וַיִּקָּחֵ֥הוּ שָׁא֖וּל בַּיּ֣וֹם הַה֑וּא וְלֹ֣א נְתָנ֔וֹ לָשׁ֖וּב בֵּ֥ית אָבִֽיו׃", "text": "And *wa-yiqqāḥēhû* *Šāʾûl* in *yôm* the *hû*, and *lōʾ* *nətānô* to *šûb* *bêt* *ʾābîw*.", "grammar": { "*wa-yiqqāḥēhû*": "conjunction + qal imperfect, 3ms + 3ms suffix - and he took him", "*Šāʾûl*": "proper noun - Saul", "*ba-yôm*": "preposition + masculine singular noun - in the day", "*ha-hû*": "definite article + demonstrative pronoun - the that/that one", "*lōʾ*": "negative particle - not", "*nətānô*": "qal perfect, 3ms + 3ms suffix - he allowed/gave him", "*šûb*": "qal infinitive construct - to return", "*bêt*": "construct state of noun - house of", "*ʾābîw*": "masculine singular noun + 3ms suffix - his father" }, "variants": { "*lāqaḥ*": "take/seize/acquire", "*nātan*": "give/allow/permit", "*šûb*": "return/go back/turn back" } } 3 { "verseID": "1 Samuel.18.3", "source": "וַיִּכְרֹ֧ת יְהוֹנָתָ֛ן וְדָוִ֖ד בְּרִ֑ית בְּאַהֲבָת֥וֹ אֹת֖וֹ כְּנַפְשֽׁוֹ׃", "text": "And *wa-yikrōt* *Yəhônātān* and *Dāwid* *bərît*, in *ʾahăbātô* *ʾōtô* as *napšô*.", "grammar": { "*wa-yikrōt*": "conjunction + qal imperfect, 3ms - and he cut/made", "*Yəhônātān*": "proper noun - Jonathan", "*wə-Dāwid*": "conjunction + proper noun - and David", "*bərît*": "feminine singular noun - covenant", "*bə-ʾahăbātô*": "preposition + feminine singular noun + 3ms suffix - in/because of his love", "*ʾōtô*": "direct object marker + 3ms suffix - him", "*kə-napšô*": "preposition + feminine singular noun + 3ms suffix - as his own soul/self" }, "variants": { "*kārat bərît*": "cut/make a covenant", "*ʾahăbâ*": "love/affection/devotion", "*nepeš*": "soul/life/self/person/being" } } 4 { "verseID": "1 Samuel.18.4", "source": "וַיִּתְפַּשֵּׁ֣ט יְהוֹנָתָ֗ן אֶֽת־הַמְּעִיל֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר עָלָ֔יו וַֽיִּתְּנֵ֖הוּ לְדָוִ֑ד וּמַדָּ֕יו וְעַד־חַרְבּ֥וֹ וְעַד־קַשְׁתּ֖וֹ וְעַד־חֲגֹרֽוֹ׃", "text": "And *wa-yitpaššēṭ* *Yəhônātān* *ʾet*-the *məʿîl* *ʾăšer* upon him, and *wa-yittənēhû* to *Dāwid*, and *maddāyw* and unto *ḥarbô* and unto *qaštô* and unto *ḥăgōrô*.", "grammar": { "*wa-yitpaššēṭ*": "conjunction + hithpael imperfect, 3ms - and he stripped/removed", "*Yəhônātān*": "proper noun - Jonathan", "*ʾet-ha-məʿîl*": "direct object marker + definite article + masculine singular noun - the robe", "*ʾăšer*": "relative pronoun - which/that", "*ʿālāyw*": "preposition + 3ms suffix - upon him", "*wa-yittənēhû*": "conjunction + qal imperfect, 3ms + 3ms suffix - and he gave it", "*Dāwid*": "proper noun - David", "*maddāyw*": "masculine plural noun + 3ms suffix - his garments/uniform", "*ḥarbô*": "feminine singular noun + 3ms suffix - his sword", "*qaštô*": "feminine singular noun + 3ms suffix - his bow", "*ḥăgōrô*": "masculine singular noun + 3ms suffix - his belt/girdle" }, "variants": { "*pāšaṭ*": "strip off/remove/take off", "*məʿîl*": "robe/cloak/outer garment", "*maddîm*": "garments/clothes/military uniform", "*ḥereb*": "sword/knife/weapon", "*qešet*": "bow/archer's weapon", "*ḥăgôr*": "belt/girdle/waistband" } } 5 { "verseID": "1 Samuel.18.5", "source": "וַיֵּצֵ֨א דָוִ֜ד בְּכֹל֩ אֲשֶׁ֨ר יִשְׁלָחֶ֤נּוּ שָׁאוּל֙ יַשְׂכִּ֔יל וַיְשִׂמֵ֣הוּ שָׁא֔וּל עַ֖ל אַנְשֵׁ֣י הַמִּלְחָמָ֑ה וַיִּיטַב֙ בְּעֵינֵ֣י כָל־הָעָ֔ם וְגַ֕ם בְּעֵינֵ֖י עַבְדֵ֥י שָׁאֽוּל׃", "text": "And *wa-yēṣēʾ* *Dāwid* in all *ʾăšer* *yišlāḥennû* *Šāʾûl* *yaśkîl*; and *wa-yəśîmēhû* *Šāʾûl* over *ʾanšê* the *milḥāmâ*; and *wa-yîṭab* in *ʿênê* all-the *ʿām*, and also in *ʿênê* *ʿabdê* *Šāʾûl*.", "grammar": { "*wa-yēṣēʾ*": "conjunction + qal imperfect, 3ms - and he went out", "*Dāwid*": "proper noun - David", "*bə-kōl*": "preposition + noun construct - in all", "*ʾăšer*": "relative pronoun - which/that", "*yišlāḥennû*": "qal imperfect, 3ms + 3ms suffix - he sent him", "*Šāʾûl*": "proper noun - Saul", "*yaśkîl*": "hiphil imperfect, 3ms - he succeeded/prospered/acted wisely", "*wa-yəśîmēhû*": "conjunction + qal imperfect, 3ms + 3ms suffix - and he set/placed him", "*ʿal ʾanšê*": "preposition + masculine plural construct - over men of", "*ha-milḥāmâ*": "definite article + feminine singular noun - the war/battle", "*wa-yîṭab*": "conjunction + qal imperfect, 3ms - and it was good", "*bə-ʿênê*": "preposition + feminine dual construct - in the eyes of", "*kol-ha-ʿām*": "all + definite article + masculine singular noun - all the people", "*ʿabdê*": "masculine plural construct - servants of" }, "variants": { "*yāṣāʾ*": "go out/come out/exit", "*šālaḥ*": "send/send out/dispatch", "*śākal*": "act wisely/succeed/prosper", "*śîm*": "put/place/set/appoint", "*ʾanšê*": "men/soldiers/people of", "*milḥāmâ*": "war/battle/fighting", "*yāṭab*": "be good/pleasing/right", "*ʿênê*": "eyes/sight/approval", "*ʿebed*": "servant/slave/official" } } 6 { "verseID": "1 Samuel.18.6", "source": "וַיְהִ֣י בְּבוֹאָ֗ם בְּשׁ֤וּב דָּוִד֙ מֵהַכּ֣וֹת אֶת־הַפְּלִשְׁתִּ֔י וַתֵּצֶ֨אנָה הַנָּשִׁ֜ים מִכָּל־עָרֵ֤י יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ *לשור **לָשִׁ֣יר וְהַמְּחֹל֔וֹת לִקְרַ֖את שָׁא֣וּל הַמֶּ֑לֶךְ בְּתֻפִּ֥ים בְּשִׂמְחָ֖ה וּבְשָׁלִשִֽׁים׃", "text": "And *wa-yəhî* in *bôʾām* in *šûb* *Dāwid* from *hakkôt* *ʾet-ha-pəlištî*, and *wa-tēṣeʾnâ* the *nāšîm* from all *ʿārê* *Yiśrāʾēl* *lāšîr* and the *məḥōlôt* to *qirʾat* *Šāʾûl* the *melek*, with *tuppîm* with *śimḥâ* and with *šālišîm*.", "grammar": { "*wa-yəhî*": "conjunction + qal imperfect, 3ms - and it happened/came to pass", "*bə-bôʾām*": "preposition + qal infinitive construct + 3mp suffix - in their coming", "*bə-šûb*": "preposition + qal infinitive construct - in/when returning", "*Dāwid*": "proper noun - David", "*mē-hakkôt*": "preposition + hiphil infinitive construct - from striking/killing", "*ʾet-ha-pəlištî*": "direct object marker + definite article + gentilic noun - the Philistine", "*wa-tēṣeʾnâ*": "conjunction + qal imperfect, 3fp - and they went out", "*ha-nāšîm*": "definite article + feminine plural noun - the women", "*mi-kol-ʿārê*": "preposition + noun + feminine plural construct - from all cities of", "*Yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel", "*lāšîr*": "preposition + qal infinitive construct - to sing", "*wə-ha-məḥōlôt*": "conjunction + definite article + feminine plural noun - and the dances", "*li-qirʾat*": "preposition + construct noun - to meet", "*Šāʾûl*": "proper noun - Saul", "*ha-melek*": "definite article + masculine singular noun - the king", "*bə-tuppîm*": "preposition + masculine plural noun - with timbrels/tambourines", "*bə-śimḥâ*": "preposition + feminine singular noun - with joy/gladness", "*û-bə-šālišîm*": "conjunction + preposition + masculine plural noun - and with three-stringed instruments" }, "variants": { "*bôʾ*": "come/enter/arrive", "*šûb*": "return/turn back/come back", "*nākâ*": "strike/hit/kill", "*pəlištî*": "Philistine(s)", "*yāṣāʾ*": "go out/come out/exit", "*nāšîm*": "women/wives/females", "*šîr*": "sing/chant", "*məḥōlôt*": "dances/dancing", "*tōp*": "tambourine/timbrel/drum", "*śimḥâ*": "joy/gladness/rejoicing", "*šālišîm*": "three-stringed instruments/triangles" } } 7 { "verseID": "1 Samuel.18.7", "source": "וַֽתַּעֲנֶ֛ינָה הַנָּשִׁ֥ים הַֽמְשַׂחֲק֖וֹת וַתֹּאמַ֑רְןָ הִכָּ֤ה שָׁאוּל֙ *באלפו **בַּאֲלָפָ֔יו וְדָוִ֖ד בְּרִבְבֹתָֽיו׃", "text": "And *wa-ttaʿănênâ* the *nāšîm* the *məśaḥăqôt* and *wa-ttōʾmarnâ*, *hikkâ* *Šāʾûl* in *ʾălāpāyw*, and *Dāwid* in *rībəbōtāyw*.", "grammar": { "*wa-ttaʿănênâ*": "conjunction + qal imperfect, 3fp - and they answered/sang", "*ha-nāšîm*": "definite article + feminine plural noun - the women", "*ha-məśaḥăqôt*": "definite article + piel participle, feminine plural - the playing/celebrating", "*wa-ttōʾmarnâ*": "conjunction + qal imperfect, 3fp - and they said", "*hikkâ*": "hiphil perfect, 3ms - he smote/struck", "*Šāʾûl*": "proper noun - Saul", "*ba-ʾălāpāyw*": "preposition + masculine plural noun + 3ms suffix - in his thousands", "*Dāwid*": "proper noun - David", "*bə-rībəbōtāyw*": "preposition + feminine plural noun + 3ms suffix - in his ten thousands" }, "variants": { "*ʿānâ*": "answer/respond/sing", "*śāḥaq*": "play/celebrate/laugh/dance", "*nākâ*": "strike/hit/kill/defeat", "*ʾelep*": "thousand/thousand (unit)", "*rəbābâ*": "ten thousand/myriad" } } 8 { "verseID": "1 Samuel.18.8", "source": "וַיִּ֨חַר לְשָׁא֜וּל מְאֹ֗ד וַיֵּ֤רַע בְּעֵינָיו֙ הַדָּבָ֣ר הַזֶּ֔ה וַיֹּ֗אמֶר נָתְנ֤וּ לְדָוִד֙ רְבָב֔וֹת וְלִ֥י נָתְנ֖וּ הָאֲלָפִ֑ים וְע֥וֹד ל֖וֹ אַ֥ךְ הַמְּלוּכָֽה׃", "text": "And *wa-yiḥar* to *Šāʾûl* *məʾōd*, and *wa-yēraʿ* in *ʿênāyw* the *dābār* the *zeh*, and *wa-yōʾmer*, they have *nātnû* to *Dāwid* *rəbābôt*, and to me they have *nātnû* the *ʾălāpîm*, and *ʿôd* to him only the *məlûkâ*.", "grammar": { "*wa-yiḥar*": "conjunction + qal imperfect, 3ms - and it burned/became angry", "*lə-Šāʾûl*": "preposition + proper noun - to Saul", "*məʾōd*": "adverb - very/exceedingly", "*wa-yēraʿ*": "conjunction + qal imperfect, 3ms - and it was evil/displease", "*bə-ʿênāyw*": "preposition + feminine dual noun + 3ms suffix - in his eyes", "*ha-dābār*": "definite article + masculine singular noun - the word/matter", "*ha-zeh*": "definite article + demonstrative pronoun - this", "*wa-yōʾmer*": "conjunction + qal imperfect, 3ms - and he said", "*nātnû*": "qal perfect, 3cp - they gave", "*lə-Dāwid*": "preposition + proper noun - to David", "*rəbābôt*": "feminine plural noun - ten thousands", "*lî*": "preposition + 1cs suffix - to me", "*ha-ʾălāpîm*": "definite article + masculine plural noun - the thousands", "*wə-ʿôd*": "conjunction + adverb - and still/yet/more", "*lô*": "preposition + 3ms suffix - to him", "*ʾak*": "adverb - only/surely", "*ha-məlûkâ*": "definite article + feminine singular noun - the kingdom/kingship" }, "variants": { "*ḥārâ*": "burn/become angry/be kindled", "*rāʿaʿ*": "be evil/displeasing/bad", "*dābār*": "word/thing/matter", "*nātan*": "give/assign/attribute", "*rəbābâ*": "ten thousand/myriad", "*ʾelep*": "thousand", "*məlûkâ*": "kingdom/kingship/royalty" } } 9 { "verseID": "1 Samuel.18.9", "source": "וַיְהִ֥י שָׁא֖וּל *עון **עוֹיֵ֣ן אֶת־דָּוִ֑ד מֵהַיּ֥וֹם הַה֖וּא וָהָֽלְאָה׃", "text": "And *wa-yəhî* *Šāʾûl* *ʿôyēn* *ʾet*-*Dāwid* from the *yôm* the *hû* and *hālʾâ*.", "grammar": { "*wa-yəhî*": "conjunction + qal imperfect, 3ms - and he was/became", "*Šāʾûl*": "proper noun - Saul", "*ʿôyēn*": "qal participle, masculine singular - eying suspiciously/regarding with hostility", "*ʾet-Dāwid*": "direct object marker + proper noun - David", "*mē-ha-yôm*": "preposition + definite article + masculine singular noun - from the day", "*ha-hû*": "definite article + demonstrative pronoun - that", "*wā-hālʾâ*": "conjunction + adverb - and onward/beyond" }, "variants": { "*ʿāyan*": "eye suspiciously/regard with jealousy/envy", "*yôm*": "day/time", "*hālʾâ*": "beyond/forward/onward" } } 10 { "verseID": "1 Samuel.18.10", "source": "וַיְהִ֣י מִֽמָּחֳרָ֗ת וַתִּצְלַ֣ח רוּחַ֩ אֱלֹהִ֨ים ׀ רָעָ֤ה ׀ אֶל־שָׁאוּל֙ וַיִּתְנַבֵּ֣א בְתוֹךְ־הַבַּ֔יִת וְדָוִ֛ד מְנַגֵּ֥ן בְּיָד֖וֹ כְּי֣וֹם ׀ בְּי֑וֹם וְהַחֲנִ֖ית בְּיַד־שָׁאֽוּל׃", "text": "And *wa-yəhî* from *moḥŏrāt*, and *wa-tiṣlaḥ* *rûaḥ* *ʾĕlōhîm* *rāʿâ* to *Šāʾûl*, and *wa-yitnabbēʾ* in within-the *bayit*, and *Dāwid* *mənagēn* with *yādô* as *yôm* by *yôm*. And the *ḥănît* in *yad*-*Šāʾûl*.", "grammar": { "*wa-yəhî*": "conjunction + qal imperfect, 3ms - and it happened/came to pass", "*mi-moḥŏrāt*": "preposition + feminine singular noun - from the next day", "*wa-tiṣlaḥ*": "conjunction + qal imperfect, 3fs - and it rushed/came upon", "*rûaḥ*": "feminine singular construct - spirit of", "*ʾĕlōhîm*": "masculine plural noun - God", "*rāʿâ*": "feminine singular adjective - evil/harmful", "*ʾel-Šāʾûl*": "preposition + proper noun - to Saul", "*wa-yitnabbēʾ*": "conjunction + hithpael imperfect, 3ms - and he prophesied/raved", "*bə-tôk-ha-bayit*": "preposition + masculine singular construct + definite article + masculine singular noun - in the midst of the house", "*Dāwid*": "proper noun - David", "*mənagēn*": "piel participle, masculine singular - playing music", "*bə-yādô*": "preposition + feminine singular noun + 3ms suffix - with his hand", "*kə-yôm*": "preposition + masculine singular noun - as day", "*bə-yôm*": "preposition + masculine singular noun - by day", "*wə-ha-ḥănît*": "conjunction + definite article + feminine singular noun - and the spear", "*bə-yad-Šāʾûl*": "preposition + feminine singular construct + proper noun - in the hand of Saul" }, "variants": { "*moḥŏrāt*": "next day/tomorrow", "*ṣālaḥ*": "rush/come mightily upon", "*rûaḥ*": "spirit/breath/wind", "*ʾĕlōhîm*": "God/gods/divine being", "*rāʿâ*": "evil/harmful/distressing", "*nābāʾ*": "prophesy/speak under divine influence/rave", "*bayit*": "house/home/dwelling", "*nāgan*": "play music/play an instrument", "*yād*": "hand/power", "*ḥănît*": "spear/javelin" } } 11 { "verseID": "1 Samuel.18.11", "source": "וַיָּ֤טֶל שָׁאוּל֙ אֶֽת־הַחֲנִ֔ית וַיֹּ֕אמֶר אַכֶּ֥ה בְדָוִ֖ד וּבַקִּ֑יר וַיִּסֹּ֥ב דָּוִ֛ד מִפָּנָ֖יו פַּעֲמָֽיִם׃", "text": "And *wa-yāṭel* *Šāʾûl* *ʾet*-the *ḥănît*, and *wa-yōʾmer*, I will *ʾakkeh* in *Dāwid* and in the *qîr*. And *wa-yissōb* *Dāwid* from *pānāyw* *paʿămāyim*.", "grammar": { "*wa-yāṭel*": "conjunction + hiphil imperfect, 3ms - and he hurled/cast", "*Šāʾûl*": "proper noun - Saul", "*ʾet-ha-ḥănît*": "direct object marker + definite article + feminine singular noun - the spear", "*wa-yōʾmer*": "conjunction + qal imperfect, 3ms - and he said", "*ʾakkeh*": "hiphil imperfect, 1cs - I will strike/kill", "*bə-Dāwid*": "preposition + proper noun - through David", "*û-ba-qîr*": "conjunction + preposition + definite article + masculine singular noun - and into the wall", "*wa-yissōb*": "conjunction + qal imperfect, 3ms - and he turned/avoided", "*Dāwid*": "proper noun - David", "*mi-pānāyw*": "preposition + masculine plural noun + 3ms suffix - from his presence/face", "*paʿămāyim*": "feminine dual noun - twice/two times" }, "variants": { "*ṭûl*": "hurl/cast/throw", "*ḥănît*": "spear/javelin", "*nākâ*": "strike/hit/kill", "*qîr*": "wall/side", "*sābab*": "turn/turn away/avoid", "*pānîm*": "face/presence/front", "*paʿămāyim*": "twice/two times" } } 12 { "verseID": "1 Samuel.18.12", "source": "וַיִּרָ֥א שָׁא֖וּל מִלִּפְנֵ֣י דָוִ֑ד כִּֽי־הָיָ֤ה יְהוָה֙ עִמּ֔וֹ וּמֵעִ֥ם שָׁא֖וּל סָֽר׃", "text": "And *wa-yirāʾ* *Šāʾûl* from *li-pnê* *Dāwid*, for *hāyâ* *YHWH* with him, and from with *Šāʾûl* *sār*.", "grammar": { "*wa-yirāʾ*": "conjunction + qal imperfect, 3ms - and he feared", "*Šāʾûl*": "proper noun - Saul", "*mi-li-pnê*": "preposition + preposition + construct noun - from before", "*Dāwid*": "proper noun - David", "*kî-hāyâ*": "conjunction + qal perfect, 3ms - for/because he was", "*YHWH*": "divine name - Yahweh/LORD", "*ʿimmô*": "preposition + 3ms suffix - with him", "*û-mē-ʿim*": "conjunction + preposition + preposition - and from with", "*Šāʾûl*": "proper noun - Saul", "*sār*": "qal perfect, 3ms - he departed/turned away" }, "variants": { "*yārēʾ*": "fear/be afraid", "*pānîm*": "face/presence/front", "*hāyâ*": "be/become/happen", "*sûr*": "turn aside/depart/be removed" } } 13 { "verseID": "1 Samuel.18.13", "source": "וַיְסִרֵ֤הוּ שָׁאוּל֙ מֵֽעִמּ֔וֹ וַיְשִׂמֵ֥הוּ ל֖וֹ שַׂר־אָ֑לֶף וַיֵּצֵ֥א וַיָּבֹ֖א לִפְנֵ֥י הָעָֽם׃", "text": "And *wa-yəsîrēhû* *Šāʾûl* from with him, and *wa-yəśîmēhû* to him *śar*-*ʾālep*. And *wa-yēṣēʾ* and *wa-yābōʾ* before the *ʿām*.", "grammar": { "*wa-yəsîrēhû*": "conjunction + hiphil imperfect, 3ms + 3ms suffix - and he removed him", "*Šāʾûl*": "proper noun - Saul", "*mē-ʿimmô*": "preposition + preposition + 3ms suffix - from with him", "*wa-yəśîmēhû*": "conjunction + qal imperfect, 3ms + 3ms suffix - and he made/appointed him", "*lô*": "preposition + 3ms suffix - for himself", "*śar-ʾālep*": "masculine singular construct + masculine singular noun - commander of a thousand", "*wa-yēṣēʾ*": "conjunction + qal imperfect, 3ms - and he went out", "*wa-yābōʾ*": "conjunction + qal imperfect, 3ms - and he came in", "*li-pnê*": "preposition + construct noun - before", "*ha-ʿām*": "definite article + masculine singular noun - the people" }, "variants": { "*sûr*": "remove/turn aside/take away", "*śîm*": "put/place/set/appoint", "*śar*": "commander/official/captain", "*ʾelep*": "thousand/unit of troops", "*yāṣāʾ*": "go out/come out/depart", "*bôʾ*": "come in/enter/arrive", "*pānîm*": "face/presence/front", "*ʿām*": "people/nation/troops" } } 14 { "verseID": "1 Samuel.18.14", "source": "וַיְהִ֥י דָוִ֛ד לְכָל־דָּרְכָ֖ו מַשְׂכִּ֑יל וַֽיהוָ֖ה עִמּֽוֹ׃", "text": "And *wa-yəhî* *Dāwid* in all-*darkô* *maśkîl*; and *YHWH* with him.", "grammar": { "*wa-yəhî*": "conjunction + qal imperfect, 3ms - and he was", "*Dāwid*": "proper noun - David", "*lə-kol-darkô*": "preposition + noun construct + masculine singular noun + 3ms suffix - in all his ways", "*maśkîl*": "hiphil participle, masculine singular - acting wisely/succeeding/prospering", "*YHWH*": "divine name - Yahweh/LORD", "*ʿimmô*": "preposition + 3ms suffix - with him" }, "variants": { "*hāyâ*": "be/become/exist", "*derek*": "way/path/conduct", "*śākal*": "act wisely/succeed/prosper" } } 15 { "verseID": "1 Samuel.18.15", "source": "וַיַּ֣רְא שָׁא֔וּל אֲשֶׁר־ה֖וּא מַשְׂכִּ֣יל מְאֹ֑ד וַיָּ֖גָר מִפָּנָֽיו׃", "text": "And *wa-yarʾ* *Šāʾûl* *ʾăšer*-he *maśkîl* *məʾōd*, and *wa-yāgor* from *pānāyw*.", "grammar": { "*wa-yarʾ*": "conjunction + qal imperfect, 3ms - and he saw", "*Šāʾûl*": "proper noun - Saul", "*ʾăšer-hû*": "relative pronoun + 3ms pronoun - that he", "*maśkîl*": "hiphil participle, masculine singular - acting wisely/succeeding/prospering", "*məʾōd*": "adverb - very/exceedingly", "*wa-yāgor*": "conjunction + qal imperfect, 3ms - and he was afraid/feared", "*mi-pānāyw*": "preposition + masculine plural noun + 3ms suffix - from his presence" }, "variants": { "*rāʾâ*": "see/observe/perceive", "*śākal*": "act wisely/succeed/prosper", "*gûr*": "be afraid/fear/dread", "*pānîm*": "face/presence/front" } } 16 { "verseID": "1 Samuel.18.16", "source": "וְכָל־יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ וִיהוּדָ֔ה אֹהֵ֖ב אֶת־דָּוִ֑ד כִּֽי־ה֛וּא יוֹצֵ֥א וָבָ֖א לִפְנֵיהֶֽם׃", "text": "And all-*Yiśrāʾēl* and *Yəhûdâ* *ʾōhēb* *ʾet*-*Dāwid*, for-he *yôṣēʾ* and *bāʾ* before them.", "grammar": { "*wə-kol-Yiśrāʾēl*": "conjunction + noun construct + proper noun - and all Israel", "*wi-Yəhûdâ*": "conjunction + proper noun - and Judah", "*ʾōhēb*": "qal participle, masculine singular - loving", "*ʾet-Dāwid*": "direct object marker + proper noun - David", "*kî-hû*": "conjunction + 3ms pronoun - for he", "*yôṣēʾ*": "qal participle, masculine singular - going out", "*wā-bāʾ*": "conjunction + qal participle, masculine singular - and coming in", "*li-pnêhem*": "preposition + masculine plural noun + 3mp suffix - before them" }, "variants": { "*ʾāhēb*": "love/like/be fond of", "*yāṣāʾ*": "go out/come out/depart", "*bôʾ*": "come in/enter/arrive", "*pānîm*": "face/presence/front" } } 17 { "verseID": "1 Samuel.18.17", "source": "וַיֹּ֨אמֶר שָׁא֜וּל אֶל־דָּוִ֗ד הִנֵּה֩ בִתִּ֨י הַגְּדוֹלָ֤ה מֵרַב֙ אֹתָהּ֙ אֶתֶּן־לְךָ֣ לְאִשָּׁ֔ה אַ֚ךְ הֱיֵה־לִּ֣י לְבֶן־חַ֔יִל וְהִלָּחֵ֖ם מִלְחֲמ֣וֹת יְהוָ֑ה וְשָׁא֣וּל אָמַ֗ר אַל־תְּהִ֤י יָדִי֙ בּ֔וֹ וּתְהִי־ב֖וֹ יַד־פְּלִשְׁתִּֽים׃", "text": "And *wa-yōʾmer* *Šāʾûl* to *Dāwid*, *hinnê* my *bittî* the *gədôlâ* *Mērab*, *ʾōtāh* I will *ʾettēn*-to you to *ʾiššâ*; only *hĕyê*-to me for *ben*-*ḥayil*, and *hillāḥēm* *milḥămôt* *YHWH*. And *Šāʾûl* *ʾāmar*, not-*təhî* my *yādî* against him, but *təhî*-against him *yad*-*pəlištîm*.", "grammar": { "*wa-yōʾmer*": "conjunction + qal imperfect, 3ms - and he said", "*Šāʾûl*": "proper noun - Saul", "*ʾel-Dāwid*": "preposition + proper noun - to David", "*hinnê*": "interjection - behold/see", "*bittî*": "feminine singular noun + 1cs suffix - my daughter", "*ha-gədôlâ*": "definite article + feminine singular adjective - the older/greater", "*Mērab*": "proper noun - Merab", "*ʾōtāh*": "direct object marker + 3fs suffix - her", "*ʾettēn-ləkā*": "qal imperfect, 1cs + preposition + 2ms suffix - I will give to you", "*lə-ʾiššâ*": "preposition + feminine singular noun - for a wife", "*ʾak*": "adverb - only/surely/nevertheless", "*hĕyê-lî*": "qal imperative, masculine singular + preposition + 1cs suffix - be for me", "*lə-ben-ḥayil*": "preposition + masculine singular construct + masculine singular noun - as a son of valor", "*wə-hillāḥēm*": "conjunction + niphal imperative, masculine singular - and fight", "*milḥămôt*": "feminine plural construct - battles of", "*YHWH*": "divine name - Yahweh/LORD", "*wə-Šāʾûl*": "conjunction + proper noun - and Saul", "*ʾāmar*": "qal perfect, 3ms - he said/thought", "*ʾal-təhî*": "negative particle + qal jussive, 3fs - let not be", "*yādî*": "feminine singular noun + 1cs suffix - my hand", "*bô*": "preposition + 3ms suffix - against him", "*û-təhî-bô*": "conjunction + qal jussive, 3fs + preposition + 3ms suffix - but let it be against him", "*yad-pəlištîm*": "feminine singular construct + proper noun - the hand of the Philistines" }, "variants": { "*ʾāmar*": "say/speak/think", "*bat*": "daughter", "*gādôl*": "great/large/older", "*nātan*": "give/place/put", "*ʾiššâ*": "woman/wife", "*hāyâ*": "be/become/happen", "*ben-ḥayil*": "son of valor/valiant warrior", "*lāḥam*": "fight/do battle", "*milḥāmâ*": "battle/war/fight", "*yād*": "hand/power", "*pəlištîm*": "Philistines" } } 18 { "verseID": "1 Samuel.18.18", "source": "וַיֹּ֨אמֶר דָּוִ֜ד אֶל־שָׁא֗וּל מִ֤י אָֽנֹכִי֙ וּמִ֣י חַיַּ֔י מִשְׁפַּ֥חַת אָבִ֖י בְּיִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל כִּֽי־אֶהְיֶ֥ה חָתָ֖ן לַמֶּֽלֶךְ׃", "text": "And *wa-yōʾmer* *Dāwid* to *Šāʾûl*, who am *ʾānōkî*, and who *ḥayyay*, *mišpaḥat* my *ʾābî* in *Yiśrāʾēl*, that-I shall *ʾehyeh* *ḥātān* to the *melek*?", "grammar": { "*wa-yōʾmer*": "conjunction + qal imperfect, 3ms - and he said", "*Dāwid*": "proper noun - David", "*ʾel-Šāʾûl*": "preposition + proper noun - to Saul", "*mî ʾānōkî*": "interrogative pronoun + 1cs pronoun - who am I", "*û-mî*": "conjunction + interrogative pronoun - and who", "*ḥayyay*": "masculine plural noun + 1cs suffix - my life/family", "*mišpaḥat*": "feminine singular construct - family/clan of", "*ʾābî*": "masculine singular noun + 1cs suffix - my father", "*bə-Yiśrāʾēl*": "preposition + proper noun - in Israel", "*kî-ʾehyeh*": "conjunction + qal imperfect, 1cs - that I should become", "*ḥātān*": "masculine singular noun - son-in-law", "*la-melek*": "preposition + definite article + masculine singular noun - to the king" }, "variants": { "*ʾāmar*": "say/speak/command", "*ḥayyîm*": "life/family/relatives", "*mišpāḥâ*": "family/clan/tribe", "*ʾāb*": "father/ancestor", "*hāyâ*": "be/become/happen", "*ḥātān*": "son-in-law/bridegroom", "*melek*": "king/ruler" } } 19 { "verseID": "1 Samuel.18.19", "source": "וַיְהִ֗י בְּעֵ֥‪[t]‬ת תֵּ֛ת אֶת־מֵרַ֥ב בַּת־שָׁא֖וּל לְדָוִ֑ד וְהִ֧יא נִתְּנָ֛ה לְעַדְרִיאֵ֥ל הַמְּחֹלָתִ֖י לְאִשָּֽׁה׃", "text": "And *wa-yəhî* in *ʿēt* *tēt* *ʾet*-*Mērab* *bat*-*Šāʾûl* to *Dāwid*, and she was *nittənâ* to *ʿAdrîʾēl* the *Məḥōlātî* to *ʾiššâ*.", "grammar": { "*wa-yəhî*": "conjunction + qal imperfect, 3ms - and it happened/came to pass", "*bə-ʿēt*": "preposition + feminine singular construct - in the time of", "*tēt*": "qal infinitive construct - giving", "*ʾet-Mērab*": "direct object marker + proper noun - Merab", "*bat-Šāʾûl*": "feminine singular construct + proper noun - daughter of Saul", "*lə-Dāwid*": "preposition + proper noun - to David", "*wə-hîʾ*": "conjunction + 3fs pronoun - and she", "*nittənâ*": "niphal perfect, 3fs - was given", "*lə-ʿAdrîʾēl*": "preposition + proper noun - to Adriel", "*ha-Məḥōlātî*": "definite article + gentilic adjective - the Meholathite", "*lə-ʾiššâ*": "preposition + feminine singular noun - for a wife" }, "variants": { "*hāyâ*": "be/happen/come to pass", "*ʿēt*": "time/season/occasion", "*nātan*": "give/place/appoint", "*bat*": "daughter", "*ʾiššâ*": "woman/wife" } } 20 { "verseID": "1 Samuel.18.20", "source": "וַתֶּאֱהַ֛ב מִיכַ֥ל בַּת־שָׁא֖וּל אֶת־דָּוִ֑ד וַיַּגִּ֣דוּ לְשָׁא֔וּל וַיִּשַׁ֥ר הַדָּבָ֖ר בְּעֵינָֽיו׃", "text": "And *wa-tteʾĕhab* *Mîkal* *bat*-*Šāʾûl* *ʾet*-*Dāwid*, and *wa-yaggidû* to *Šāʾûl*, and *wa-yîšar* the *dābār* in *ʿênāyw*.", "grammar": { "*wa-tteʾĕhab*": "conjunction + qal imperfect, 3fs - and she loved", "*Mîkal*": "proper noun - Michal", "*bat-Šāʾûl*": "feminine singular construct + proper noun - daughter of Saul", "*ʾet-Dāwid*": "direct object marker + proper noun - David", "*wa-yaggidû*": "conjunction + hiphil imperfect, 3mp - and they told", "*lə-Šāʾûl*": "preposition + proper noun - to Saul", "*wa-yîšar*": "conjunction + qal imperfect, 3ms - and it was right/pleasing", "*ha-dābār*": "definite article + masculine singular noun - the matter/thing", "*bə-ʿênāyw*": "preposition + feminine dual noun + 3ms suffix - in his eyes" }, "variants": { "*ʾāhēb*": "love/have affection for", "*bat*": "daughter", "*nāgad*": "tell/report/inform", "*yāšar*": "be right/pleasing/straight", "*dābār*": "word/thing/matter", "*ʿayin*": "eye/sight/appearance" } } 21 { "verseID": "1 Samuel.18.21", "source": "וַיֹּ֨אמֶר שָׁא֜וּל אֶתְּנֶ֤נָּה לּוֹ֙ וּתְהִי־ל֣וֹ לְמוֹקֵ֔שׁ וּתְהִי־ב֖וֹ יַד־פְּלִשְׁתִּ֑ים וַיֹּ֤אמֶר שָׁאוּל֙ אֶל־דָּוִ֔ד בִּשְׁתַּ֛יִם תִּתְחַתֵּ֥ן בִּ֖י הַיּֽוֹם׃", "text": "And *wa-yōʾmer* *Šāʾûl*, I will *ʾettənennâ* to him, and *təhî*-to him for *môqēš*, and *təhî*-against him *yad*-*pəlištîm*. And *wa-yōʾmer* *Šāʾûl* to *Dāwid*, in *šətayim* you shall *titḥattēn* with me *ha-yôm*.", "grammar": { "*wa-yōʾmer*": "conjunction + qal imperfect, 3ms - and he said", "*Šāʾûl*": "proper noun - Saul", "*ʾettənennâ*": "qal imperfect, 1cs + 3fs suffix - I will give her", "*lô*": "preposition + 3ms suffix - to him", "*û-təhî-lô*": "conjunction + qal jussive, 3fs + preposition + 3ms suffix - and let her be to him", "*lə-môqēš*": "preposition + masculine singular noun - for a snare/trap", "*û-təhî-bô*": "conjunction + qal jussive, 3fs + preposition + 3ms suffix - and let it be against him", "*yad-pəlištîm*": "feminine singular construct + proper noun - the hand of the Philistines", "*ʾel-Dāwid*": "preposition + proper noun - to David", "*bi-šətayim*": "preposition + feminine dual numeral - with two/twice", "*titḥattēn*": "hithpael imperfect, 2ms - you will become related by marriage", "*bî*": "preposition + 1cs suffix - with me", "*ha-yôm*": "definite article + masculine singular noun - today/this day" }, "variants": { "*ʾāmar*": "say/speak/think", "*nātan*": "give/place/put", "*hāyâ*": "be/become/happen", "*môqēš*": "snare/trap/bait", "*yād*": "hand/power/control", "*pəlištîm*": "Philistines", "*šətayim*": "two/twice/second time", "*ḥātan*": "become related by marriage/become a son-in-law", "*yôm*": "day/time/today" } } 22 { "verseID": "1 Samuel.18.22", "source": "וַיְצַ֨ו שָׁא֜וּל אֶת־עֲבָדָ֗ו דַּבְּר֨וּ אֶל־דָּוִ֤ד בַּלָּט֙ לֵאמֹ֔ר הִנֵּ֨ה חָפֵ֤ץ בְּךָ֙ הַמֶּ֔לֶךְ וְכָל־עֲבָדָ֖יו אֲהֵב֑וּךָ וְעַתָּ֖ה הִתְחַתֵּ֥ן בַּמֶּֽלֶךְ׃", "text": "And *wa-yəṣaw* *Šāʾûl* *ʾet*-his *ʿăbādāw*, *dabbərû* to *Dāwid* in *lāṭ* saying, *hinnê* *ḥāpēṣ* in you the *melek*, and all-his *ʿăbādāyw* *ʾăhēbûkā*; and now *hitḥattēn* with the *melek*.", "grammar": { "*wa-yəṣaw*": "conjunction + piel imperfect, 3ms - and he commanded", "*Šāʾûl*": "proper noun - Saul", "*ʾet-ʿăbādāw*": "direct object marker + masculine plural noun + 3ms suffix - his servants", "*dabbərû*": "piel imperative, 2mp - speak", "*ʾel-Dāwid*": "preposition + proper noun - to David", "*ba-llāṭ*": "preposition + definite article + masculine singular noun - privately/secretly", "*lēʾmōr*": "preposition + qal infinitive construct - saying", "*hinnê*": "interjection - behold", "*ḥāpēṣ*": "qal perfect, 3ms - he delights", "*bəkā*": "preposition + 2ms suffix - in you", "*ha-melek*": "definite article + masculine singular noun - the king", "*wə-kol-ʿăbādāyw*": "conjunction + noun construct + masculine plural noun + 3ms suffix - and all his servants", "*ʾăhēbûkā*": "qal perfect, 3cp + 2ms suffix - they love you", "*wə-ʿattâ*": "conjunction + adverb - and now", "*hitḥattēn*": "hithpael imperative, 2ms - become related by marriage", "*ba-melek*": "preposition + definite article + masculine singular noun - with the king" }, "variants": { "*ṣāwâ*": "command/order/instruct", "*ʿebed*": "servant/slave/official", "*dibbēr*": "speak/talk/promise", "*lāṭ*": "secrecy/privacy", "*ḥāpēṣ*": "delight in/desire/please", "*ʾāhēb*": "love/like/be fond of", "*ḥātan*": "become related by marriage/become a son-in-law", "*melek*": "king/ruler" } } 23 { "verseID": "1 Samuel.18.23", "source": "וַֽיְדַבְּר֞וּ עַבְדֵ֤י שָׁאוּל֙ בְּאָזְנֵ֣י דָוִ֔ד אֶת־הַדְּבָרִ֖ים הָאֵ֑לֶּה וַיֹּ֣אמֶר דָּוִ֗ד הַֽנְקַלָּ֤ה בְעֵֽינֵיכֶם֙ הִתְחַתֵּ֣ן בַּמֶּ֔לֶךְ וְאָנֹכִ֖י אִֽישׁ־רָ֥שׁ וְנִקְלֶֽה׃", "text": "And *wa-yədabbərû* *ʿabdê* *Šāʾûl* in *ʾoznê* *Dāwid* *ʾet*-the *dəbārîm* the *ʾēlleh*. And *wa-yōʾmer* *Dāwid*, Is it *ha-nəqallâ* in *ʿênêkem* to *hitḥattēn* with the *melek*, and *ʾānōkî* *ʾîš*-*rāš* and *niqleh*?", "grammar": { "*wa-yədabbərû*": "conjunction + piel imperfect, 3mp - and they spoke", "*ʿabdê*": "masculine plural construct - servants of", "*Šāʾûl*": "proper noun - Saul", "*bə-ʾoznê*": "preposition + feminine dual construct - in the ears of", "*Dāwid*": "proper noun - David", "*ʾet-ha-dəbārîm*": "direct object marker + definite article + masculine plural noun - the words", "*ha-ʾēlleh*": "definite article + demonstrative adjective - these", "*wa-yōʾmer*": "conjunction + qal imperfect, 3ms - and he said", "*Dāwid*": "proper noun - David", "*ha-nəqallâ*": "interrogative particle + niphal perfect, 3fs - is it a light thing", "*bə-ʿênêkem*": "preposition + feminine dual noun + 2mp suffix - in your eyes", "*hitḥattēn*": "hithpael infinitive construct - to become related by marriage", "*ba-melek*": "preposition + definite article + masculine singular noun - with the king", "*wə-ʾānōkî*": "conjunction + 1cs pronoun - and I", "*ʾîš-rāš*": "masculine singular construct + masculine singular adjective - a poor man", "*wə-niqleh*": "conjunction + niphal participle, masculine singular - and lightly esteemed" }, "variants": { "*dibbēr*": "speak/talk/tell", "*ʿebed*": "servant/slave/official", "*ʾōzen*": "ear/hearing", "*dābār*": "word/thing/matter", "*ʾāmar*": "say/speak/tell", "*qālal*": "be light/of little account/insignificant", "*ʿayin*": "eye/sight/appearance", "*ḥātan*": "become related by marriage/become a son-in-law", "*melek*": "king/ruler", "*ʾîš*": "man/husband/person", "*rāš*": "poor/needy/lacking", "*qālâ*": "be lightly esteemed/dishonored/of little value" } } 24 { "verseID": "1 Samuel.18.24", "source": "וַיַּגִּ֜דוּ עַבְדֵ֥י שָׁא֛וּל ל֖וֹ לֵאמֹ֑ר כַּדְּבָרִ֥ים הָאֵ֖לֶּה דִּבֶּ֥ר דָּוִֽד׃", "text": "And *wa-yaggidû* *ʿabdê* *Šāʾûl* to him *lēʾmōr*, like the *dəbārîm* the *ʾēlleh* *dibbēr* *Dāwid*.", "grammar": { "*wa-yaggidû*": "conjunction + hiphil imperfect, 3mp - and they told", "*ʿabdê*": "masculine plural construct - servants of", "*Šāʾûl*": "proper noun - Saul", "*lô*": "preposition + 3ms suffix - to him", "*lēʾmōr*": "preposition + qal infinitive construct - saying", "*ka-ddəbārîm*": "preposition + definite article + masculine plural noun - like the words", "*ha-ʾēlleh*": "definite article + demonstrative adjective - these", "*dibbēr*": "piel perfect, 3ms - spoke", "*Dāwid*": "proper noun - David" }, "variants": { "*nāgad*": "tell/report/inform", "*ʿebed*": "servant/slave/official", "*dābār*": "word/thing/matter", "*dibbēr*": "speak/say/talk" } } 25 { "verseID": "1 Samuel.18.25", "source": "וַיֹּ֨אמֶר שָׁא֜וּל כֹּֽה־תֹאמְר֣וּ לְדָוִ֗ד אֵֽין־חֵ֤פֶץ לַמֶּ֙לֶךְ֙ בְּמֹ֔הַר כִּ֗י בְּמֵאָה֙ עָרְל֣וֹת פְּלִשְׁתִּ֔ים לְהִנָּקֵ֖ם בְּאֹיְבֵ֣י הַמֶּ֑לֶךְ וְשָׁא֣וּל חָשַׁ֔ב לְהַפִּ֥יל אֶת־דָּוִ֖ד בְּיַד־פְּלִשְׁתִּֽים׃", "text": "And *wa-yōʾmer* *Šāʾûl*, thus-*tōʾmərû* to *Dāwid*, there is no-*ḥēpeṣ* to the *melek* in *mōhar*, but in *mēʾâ* *ʿorlôt* *pəlištîm*, to *hinnāqēm* in *ʾōyəbê* the *melek*. And *Šāʾûl* *ḥāšab* to *happîl* *ʾet*-*Dāwid* by *yad*-*pəlištîm*.", "grammar": { "*wa-yōʾmer*": "conjunction + qal imperfect, 3ms - and he said", "*Šāʾûl*": "proper noun - Saul", "*kōh-tōʾmərû*": "adverb + qal imperfect, 2mp - thus you shall say", "*lə-Dāwid*": "preposition + proper noun - to David", "*ʾên-ḥēpeṣ*": "negative particle + masculine singular noun - there is no pleasure/desire", "*la-melek*": "preposition + definite article + masculine singular noun - to the king", "*bə-mōhar*": "preposition + masculine singular noun - in bride price", "*kî*": "conjunction - but/except", "*bə-mēʾâ*": "preposition + feminine singular numeral - in a hundred", "*ʿorlôt*": "feminine plural construct - foreskins of", "*pəlištîm*": "proper noun - Philistines", "*lə-hinnāqēm*": "preposition + niphal infinitive construct - to be avenged", "*bə-ʾōyəbê*": "preposition + qal participle, masculine plural construct - on the enemies of", "*ha-melek*": "definite article + masculine singular noun - the king", "*wə-Šāʾûl*": "conjunction + proper noun - and Saul", "*ḥāšab*": "qal perfect, 3ms - he thought/planned", "*lə-happîl*": "preposition + hiphil infinitive construct - to cause to fall", "*ʾet-Dāwid*": "direct object marker + proper noun - David", "*bə-yad-pəlištîm*": "preposition + feminine singular construct + proper noun - by the hand of the Philistines" }, "variants": { "*ʾāmar*": "say/speak/tell", "*ḥēpeṣ*": "delight/pleasure/desire", "*melek*": "king/ruler", "*mōhar*": "bride price/dowry", "*ʿorlâ*": "foreskin", "*nāqam*": "avenge/take vengeance", "*ʾōyēb*": "enemy/foe/adversary", "*ḥāšab*": "think/plan/devise", "*nāpal*": "fall/be killed/die", "*yād*": "hand/power" } } 26 { "verseID": "1 Samuel.18.26", "source": "וַיַּגִּ֨דוּ עֲבָדָ֤יו לְדָוִד֙ אֶת־הַדְּבָרִ֣ים הָאֵ֔לֶּה וַיִּשַׁ֤ר הַדָּבָר֙ בְּעֵינֵ֣י דָוִ֔ד לְהִתְחַתֵּ֖ן בַּמֶּ֑לֶךְ וְלֹ֥א מָלְא֖וּ הַיָּמִֽים׃", "text": "And *wa-yaggidû* his *ʿăbādāyw* to *Dāwid* *ʾet*-the *dəbārîm* the *ʾēlleh*; and *wa-yîšar* the *dābār* in *ʿênê* *Dāwid* to *hitḥattēn* with the *melek*. And *lōʾ* *mālʾû* the *yāmîm*.", "grammar": { "*wa-yaggidû*": "conjunction + hiphil imperfect, 3mp - and they told", "*ʿăbādāyw*": "masculine plural noun + 3ms suffix - his servants", "*lə-Dāwid*": "preposition + proper noun - to David", "*ʾet-ha-dəbārîm*": "direct object marker + definite article + masculine plural noun - the words", "*ha-ʾēlleh*": "definite article + demonstrative adjective - these", "*wa-yîšar*": "conjunction + qal imperfect, 3ms - and it was pleasing", "*ha-dābār*": "definite article + masculine singular noun - the matter", "*bə-ʿênê*": "preposition + feminine dual construct - in the eyes of", "*Dāwid*": "proper noun - David", "*lə-hitḥattēn*": "preposition + hithpael infinitive construct - to become related by marriage", "*ba-melek*": "preposition + definite article + masculine singular noun - with the king", "*wə-lōʾ*": "conjunction + negative particle - and not", "*mālʾû*": "qal perfect, 3cp - they were fulfilled/completed", "*ha-yāmîm*": "definite article + masculine plural noun - the days" }, "variants": { "*nāgad*": "tell/report/inform", "*ʿebed*": "servant/slave/official", "*dābār*": "word/thing/matter", "*yāšar*": "be right/pleasing/good", "*ʿayin*": "eye/sight/approval", "*ḥātan*": "become related by marriage/become a son-in-law", "*melek*": "king/ruler", "*mālēʾ*": "be full/fulfill/complete", "*yôm*": "day/time" } } 27 { "verseID": "1 Samuel.18.27", "source": "וַיָּ֨קָם דָּוִ֜ד וַיֵּ֣לֶךְ ׀ ה֣וּא וַאֲנָשָׁ֗יו וַיַּ֣ךְ בַּפְּלִשְׁתִּים֮ מָאתַ֣יִם אִישׁ֒ וַיָּבֵ֤א דָוִד֙ אֶת־עָרְלֹ֣תֵיהֶ֔ם וַיְמַלְא֣וּם לַמֶּ֔לֶךְ לְהִתְחַתֵּ֖ן בַּמֶּ֑לֶךְ וַיִּתֶּן־ל֥וֹ שָׁא֛וּל אֶת־מִיכַ֥ל בִּתּ֖וֹ לְאִשָּֽׁה׃", "text": "And *wa-yāqom* *Dāwid* and *wa-yēlek* he and his *ʾănāšāyw*, and *wa-yak* in the *pəlištîm* *māʾtayim* *ʾîš*. And *wa-yābēʾ* *Dāwid* *ʾet*-their *ʿorlōtêhem*, and *wa-yəmalʾûm* to the *melek*, to *hitḥattēn* with the *melek*. And *wa-yittēn*-to him *Šāʾûl* *ʾet*-*Mîkal* his *bittô* to *ʾiššâ*.", "grammar": { "*wa-yāqom*": "conjunction + qal imperfect, 3ms - and he arose", "*Dāwid*": "proper noun - David", "*wa-yēlek*": "conjunction + qal imperfect, 3ms - and he went", "*hû*": "3ms pronoun - he", "*wa-ʾănāšāyw*": "conjunction + masculine plural noun + 3ms suffix - and his men", "*wa-yak*": "conjunction + hiphil imperfect, 3ms - and he struck", "*ba-pəlištîm*": "preposition + definite article + proper noun - among the Philistines", "*māʾtayim*": "masculine dual numeral - two hundred", "*ʾîš*": "masculine singular noun - men", "*wa-yābēʾ*": "conjunction + hiphil imperfect, 3ms - and he brought", "*Dāwid*": "proper noun - David", "*ʾet-ʿorlōtêhem*": "direct object marker + feminine plural noun + 3mp suffix - their foreskins", "*wa-yəmalʾûm*": "conjunction + piel imperfect, 3mp + 3mp suffix - and they filled them/delivered in full number", "*la-melek*": "preposition + definite article + masculine singular noun - to the king", "*lə-hitḥattēn*": "preposition + hithpael infinitive construct - to become related by marriage", "*ba-melek*": "preposition + definite article + masculine singular noun - with the king", "*wa-yittēn-lô*": "conjunction + qal imperfect, 3ms + preposition + 3ms suffix - and he gave to him", "*Šāʾûl*": "proper noun - Saul", "*ʾet-Mîkal*": "direct object marker + proper noun - Michal", "*bittô*": "feminine singular noun + 3ms suffix - his daughter", "*lə-ʾiššâ*": "preposition + feminine singular noun - for a wife" }, "variants": { "*qûm*": "arise/stand up/go forth", "*hālak*": "go/walk/depart", "*ʾîš*": "man/husband/person", "*nākâ*": "strike/kill/defeat", "*pəlištîm*": "Philistines", "*bôʾ*": "bring/carry/lead", "*ʿorlâ*": "foreskin", "*mālēʾ*": "fill/complete/deliver in full", "*ḥātan*": "become related by marriage/become a son-in-law", "*melek*": "king/ruler", "*nātan*": "give/place/put", "*bat*": "daughter", "*ʾiššâ*": "woman/wife" } } 28 { "verseID": "1 Samuel.18.28", "source": "וַיַּ֤רְא שָׁאוּל֙ וַיֵּ֔דַע כִּ֥י יְהוָ֖ה עִם־דָּוִ֑ד וּמִיכַ֥ל בַּת־שָׁא֖וּל אַהֵבַֽתְהוּ׃", "text": "And *wa-yarʾ* *Šāʾûl* and *wa-yēdaʿ* that *YHWH* with-*Dāwid*; and *Mîkal* *bat*-*Šāʾûl* *ʾăhēbatᵉhû*.", "grammar": { "*wa-yarʾ*": "conjunction + qal imperfect, 3ms - and he saw", "*Šāʾûl*": "proper noun - Saul", "*wa-yēdaʿ*": "conjunction + qal imperfect, 3ms - and he knew", "*kî*": "conjunction - that", "*YHWH*": "divine name - Yahweh/LORD", "*ʿim-Dāwid*": "preposition + proper noun - with David", "*Mîkal*": "proper noun - Michal", "*bat-Šāʾûl*": "feminine singular construct + proper noun - daughter of Saul", "*ʾăhēbatᵉhû*": "qal perfect, 3fs + 3ms suffix - she loved him" }, "variants": { "*rāʾâ*": "see/observe/perceive", "*yādaʿ*": "know/understand/recognize", "*bat*": "daughter", "*ʾāhēb*": "love/have affection for" } } 29 { "verseID": "1 Samuel.18.29", "source": "וַיֹּ֣אסֶף שָׁא֗וּל לֵרֹ֛א מִפְּנֵ֥י דָוִ֖ד ע֑וֹד וַיְהִ֥י שָׁא֛וּל אֹיֵ֥ב אֶת־דָּוִ֖ד כָּל־הַיָּמִֽים׃", "text": "And *wa-yōʾsep* *Šāʾûl* to *lērōʾ* from *pənê* *Dāwid* *ʿôd*. And *wa-yəhî* *Šāʾûl* *ʾōyēb* *ʾet*-*Dāwid* all-the *yāmîm*.", "grammar": { "*wa-yōʾsep*": "conjunction + hiphil imperfect, 3ms - and he continued/added", "*Šāʾûl*": "proper noun - Saul", "*lērōʾ*": "preposition + qal infinitive construct - to fear", "*mi-pənê*": "preposition + masculine plural construct - from the presence of", "*Dāwid*": "proper noun - David", "*ʿôd*": "adverb - still/yet/again", "*wa-yəhî*": "conjunction + qal imperfect, 3ms - and he became", "*Šāʾûl*": "proper noun - Saul", "*ʾōyēb*": "qal participle, masculine singular - enemy/being hostile", "*ʾet-Dāwid*": "direct object marker + proper noun - David", "*kol-ha-yāmîm*": "noun construct + definite article + masculine plural noun - all the days" }, "variants": { "*yāsap*": "continue/add/increase", "*yārēʾ*": "fear/be afraid", "*pānîm*": "face/presence/front", "*hāyâ*": "be/become/exist", "*ʾāyab*": "be an enemy/be hostile to", "*yôm*": "day/time" } } 30 { "verseID": "1 Samuel.18.30", "source": "וַיֵּצְא֖וּ שָׂרֵ֣י פְלִשְׁתִּ֑ים וַיְהִ֣י ׀ מִדֵּ֣י צֵאתָ֗ם שָׂכַ֤ל דָּוִד֙ מִכֹּל֙ עַבְדֵ֣י שָׁא֔וּל וַיִּיקַ֥ר שְׁמ֖וֹ מְאֹֽד׃", "text": "And *wa-yēṣəʾû* *śārê* *pəlištîm*, and *wa-yəhî* from *middê* their *ṣēʾtām*, *śākal* *Dāwid* more than all *ʿabdê* *Šāʾûl*; and *wa-yîqqar* his *šəmô* *məʾōd*.", "grammar": { "*wa-yēṣəʾû*": "conjunction + qal imperfect, 3mp - and they went out", "*śārê*": "masculine plural construct - commanders/officials of", "*pəlištîm*": "proper noun - Philistines", "*wa-yəhî*": "conjunction + qal imperfect, 3ms - and it happened", "*mi-ddê*": "preposition + construct noun - from the time of", "*ṣēʾtām*": "qal infinitive construct + 3mp suffix - their going out", "*śākal*": "qal perfect, 3ms - he succeeded/acted wisely", "*Dāwid*": "proper noun - David", "*mi-kōl*": "preposition + noun construct - more than all", "*ʿabdê*": "masculine plural construct - servants of", "*Šāʾûl*": "proper noun - Saul", "*wa-yîqqar*": "conjunction + qal imperfect, 3ms - and it became precious/valued", "*šəmô*": "masculine singular noun + 3ms suffix - his name", "*məʾōd*": "adverb - very/exceedingly" }, "variants": { "*yāṣāʾ*": "go out/come out/depart", "*śar*": "commander/official/captain", "*pəlištîm*": "Philistines", "*hāyâ*": "be/come to pass/happen", "*dê*": "enough/sufficiency/as often as", "*śākal*": "act wisely/succeed/prosper", "*ʿebed*": "servant/slave/official", "*yāqar*": "be precious/valuable/esteemed", "*šēm*": "name/reputation/fame" } }
  • 2 Sam 15:1-9 : 1 { "verseID": "2Samuel.15.1", "source": "וַֽיְהִי֙ מֵאַ֣חֲרֵי כֵ֔ן וַיַּ֤עַשׂ לוֹ֙ אַבְשָׁל֔וֹם מֶרְכָּבָ֖ה וְסֻסִ֑ים וַחֲמִשִּׁ֥ים אִ֖ישׁ רָצִ֥ים לְפָנָֽיו׃", "text": "*wa-yəhî* from *ʾaḥărê* this, *wa-yaʿaś* for himself *ʾAbšālôm* *merkābâ* and *sûsîm*; and fifty *ʾîš* *rāṣîm* before him.", "grammar": { "*wa-yəhî*": "conjunction + imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and it came to pass", "*ʾaḥărê*": "preposition - after", "*wa-yaʿaś*": "conjunction + imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he made", "*ʾAbšālôm*": "proper noun, masculine singular - Absalom", "*merkābâ*": "noun, feminine singular - chariot", "*sûsîm*": "noun, masculine plural - horses", "*ʾîš*": "noun, masculine singular - man/men", "*rāṣîm*": "participle, masculine plural - running" }, "variants": { "*wa-yəhî*": "and it happened/came to pass/was", "*merkābâ*": "chariot/vehicle/royal carriage", "*rāṣîm*": "runners/those running/those going ahead" } } 2 { "verseID": "2Samuel.15.2", "source": "וְהִשְׁכִּים֙ אַבְשָׁל֔וֹם וְעָמַ֕ד עַל־יַ֖ד דֶּ֣רֶךְ הַשָּׁ֑עַר וַיְהִ֡י כָּל־הָאִ֣ישׁ אֲשֶֽׁר־יִהְיֶה־לּוֹ־רִיב֩ לָב֨וֹא אֶל־הַמֶּ֜לֶךְ לַמִּשְׁפָּ֗ט וַיִּקְרָ֨א אַבְשָׁל֤וֹם אֵלָיו֙ וַיֹּ֗אמֶר אֵֽי־מִזֶּ֥ה עִיר֙ אַ֔תָּה וַיֹּ֕אמֶר מֵאַחַ֥ד שִׁבְטֵֽי־יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל עַבְדֶּֽךָ׃", "text": "*wə-hiškîm* *ʾAbšālôm* *wə-ʿāmad* at-*yad* *derek* *ha-šāʿar*; *wa-yəhî* all-*hā-ʾîš* who-*yihyê*-to-him-*rîb* to come to-*ha-melek* for-*mišpāṭ*, *wa-yiqrāʾ* *ʾAbšālôm* to him *wa-yōʾmer*, from-which *ʿîr* are you? *wa-yōʾmer*, from one *šibṭê*-*Yiśrāʾēl* your servant.", "grammar": { "*wə-hiškîm*": "conjunction + Hiphil perfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he rose early", "*wə-ʿāmad*": "conjunction + Qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he stood", "*yad*": "noun, feminine singular construct - side/hand of", "*derek*": "noun, masculine singular construct - way/road of", "*ha-šāʿar*": "definite article + noun, masculine singular - the gate", "*wa-yəhî*": "conjunction + imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and it was", "*hā-ʾîš*": "definite article + noun, masculine singular - the man", "*yihyê*": "imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - would be", "*rîb*": "noun, masculine singular - dispute/lawsuit", "*ha-melek*": "definite article + noun, masculine singular - the king", "*mišpāṭ*": "noun, masculine singular - judgment/justice", "*wa-yiqrāʾ*": "conjunction + Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he called", "*wa-yōʾmer*": "conjunction + Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he said", "*ʿîr*": "noun, feminine singular - city", "*šibṭê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - tribes of", "*Yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel" }, "variants": { "*hiškîm*": "rose early/started early/got up at dawn", "*yad*": "hand/side/place beside", "*rîb*": "dispute/lawsuit/legal case/quarrel", "*mišpāṭ*": "judgment/justice/legal decision" } } 3 { "verseID": "2Samuel.15.3", "source": "וַיֹּ֤אמֶר אֵלָיו֙ אַבְשָׁל֔וֹם רְאֵ֥ה דְבָרֶ֖ךָ טוֹבִ֣ים וּנְכֹחִ֑ים וְשֹׁמֵ֥עַ אֵין־לְךָ֖ מֵאֵ֥ת הַמֶּֽלֶךְ׃", "text": "*wa-yōʾmer* to him *ʾAbšālôm*, *rəʾēh* your *dəbārêkā* *ṭôbîm* and *nəkōḥîm*; and *šōmēaʿ* *ʾên*-to-you from *ʾēt* *ha-melek*.", "grammar": { "*wa-yōʾmer*": "conjunction + Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he said", "*rəʾēh*": "imperative, masculine singular - see/look", "*dəbārêkā*": "noun, masculine plural construct + 2nd masculine singular suffix - your words/matters", "*ṭôbîm*": "adjective, masculine plural - good", "*nəkōḥîm*": "adjective, masculine plural - right/correct/straight", "*šōmēaʿ*": "Qal participle, masculine singular - hearer/one who listens", "*ʾên*": "particle of negation - there is not", "*ʾēt*": "preposition - from", "*ha-melek*": "definite article + noun, masculine singular - the king" }, "variants": { "*dəbārêkā*": "your words/matters/case/arguments", "*ṭôbîm*": "good/right/valid", "*nəkōḥîm*": "right/proper/straight/just", "*šōmēaʿ*": "hearer/listener/one who gives attention" } } 4 { "verseID": "2Samuel.15.4", "source": "וַיֹּ֙אמֶר֙ אַבְשָׁל֔וֹם מִי־יְשִׂמֵ֥נִי שֹׁפֵ֖ט בָּאָ֑רֶץ וְעָלַ֗י יָב֛וֹא כָּל־אִ֛ישׁ אֲשֶֽׁר־יִהְיֶה־לּוֹ־רִ֥יב וּמִשְׁפָּ֖ט וְהִצְדַּקְתִּֽיו׃", "text": "*wa-yōʾmer* *ʾAbšālôm*, who-*yəśîmēnî* *šōpēṭ* in-*hā-ʾāreṣ*, and to me *yābôʾ* all-*ʾîš* who-*yihyê*-to-him-*rîb* and *mišpāṭ* and *wə-hiṣdaqtîw*.", "grammar": { "*wa-yōʾmer*": "conjunction + Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he said", "*yəśîmēnî*": "Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular + 1st common singular suffix - would appoint me", "*šōpēṭ*": "Qal participle, masculine singular - judge", "*hā-ʾāreṣ*": "definite article + noun, feminine singular - the land", "*yābôʾ*": "Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - would come", "*ʾîš*": "noun, masculine singular - man", "*yihyê*": "Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - would have", "*rîb*": "noun, masculine singular - dispute", "*mišpāṭ*": "noun, masculine singular - legal case", "*wə-hiṣdaqtîw*": "conjunction + Hiphil perfect, 1st common singular + 3rd masculine singular suffix - and I would give him justice" }, "variants": { "*yəśîmēnî*": "would appoint me/would set me/would make me", "*šōpēṭ*": "judge/ruler/governor", "*hā-ʾāreṣ*": "the land/the country/the earth", "*rîb*": "dispute/lawsuit/legal case", "*hiṣdaqtîw*": "would give him justice/would vindicate him/would declare him right" } } 5 { "verseID": "2Samuel.15.5", "source": "וְהָיָה֙ בִּקְרָב־אִ֔ישׁ לְהִשְׁתַּחֲוֺ֖ת ל֑וֹ וְשָׁלַ֧ח אֶת־יָד֛וֹ וְהֶחֱזִ֥יק ל֖וֹ וְנָ֥שַׁק לֽוֹ׃", "text": "*wə-hāyâ* in-*qərāb*-*ʾîš* *lə-hištaḥăwōt* to him, *wə-šālaḥ* *ʾet*-*yādô* *wə-heḥĕzîq* to him and *wə-nāšaq* to him.", "grammar": { "*wə-hāyâ*": "conjunction + Qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - and it happened", "*qərāb*": "infinitive construct - coming near", "*ʾîš*": "noun, masculine singular - man", "*lə-hištaḥăwōt*": "preposition + Hitpael infinitive construct - to bow down", "*wə-šālaḥ*": "conjunction + Qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he sent/extended", "*yādô*": "noun, feminine singular + 3rd masculine singular suffix - his hand", "*wə-heḥĕzîq*": "conjunction + Hiphil perfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he took hold", "*wə-nāšaq*": "conjunction + Qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he kissed" }, "variants": { "*qərāb*": "coming near/approaching", "*hištaḥăwōt*": "to bow down/to prostrate oneself/to pay homage", "*šālaḥ*": "sent/extended/stretched out", "*heḥĕzîq*": "took hold/grasped/embraced", "*nāšaq*": "kissed/greeted" } } 6 { "verseID": "2Samuel.15.6", "source": "וַיַּ֨עַשׂ אַבְשָׁל֜וֹם כַּדָּבָ֤ר הַזֶּה֙ לְכָל־יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל אֲשֶׁר־יָבֹ֥אוּ לַמִּשְׁפָּ֖ט אֶל־הַמֶּ֑לֶךְ וַיְגַנֵּב֙ אַבְשָׁל֔וֹם אֶת־לֵ֖ב אַנְשֵׁ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃", "text": "*wa-yaʿaś* *ʾAbšālôm* as-*ha-dābār* *ha-zeh* to-all-*Yiśrāʾēl* who-*yābōʾû* for-*ha-mišpāṭ* to-*ha-melek*; *wa-yəgannēb* *ʾAbšālôm* *ʾet*-*lēb* *ʾanšê* *Yiśrāʾēl*.", "grammar": { "*wa-yaʿaś*": "conjunction + Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he did", "*ha-dābār*": "definite article + noun, masculine singular - the thing/matter", "*ha-zeh*": "definite article + demonstrative pronoun, masculine singular - this", "*Yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel", "*yābōʾû*": "Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine plural - would come", "*ha-mišpāṭ*": "definite article + noun, masculine singular - the judgment", "*ha-melek*": "definite article + noun, masculine singular - the king", "*wa-yəgannēb*": "conjunction + Piel imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he stole", "*lēb*": "noun, masculine singular construct - heart of", "*ʾanšê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - men of" }, "variants": { "*dābār*": "thing/matter/word/action", "*yābōʾû*": "would come/came/were coming", "*mišpāṭ*": "judgment/justice/legal case", "*yəgannēb*": "stole/won over/captured/deceived", "*lēb*": "heart/mind/affection/loyalty" } } 7 { "verseID": "2Samuel.15.7", "source": "וַיְהִ֕י מִקֵּ֖ץ אַרְבָּעִ֣ים שָׁנָ֑ה וַיֹּ֤אמֶר אַבְשָׁלוֹם֙ אֶל־הַמֶּ֔לֶךְ אֵ֣לֲכָה נָּ֗א וַאֲשַׁלֵּ֛ם אֶת־נִדְרִ֛י אֲשֶׁר־נָדַ֥רְתִּי לַֽיהוָ֖ה בְּחֶבְרֽוֹן׃", "text": "*wa-yəhî* from-*qēṣ* forty *šānâ*, *wa-yōʾmer* *ʾAbšālôm* to-*ha-melek*, let me go *nāʾ* and *wa-ʾăšallēm* *ʾet*-*nidrî* which-*nādartî* to-*YHWH* in-*Ḥebrôn*.", "grammar": { "*wa-yəhî*": "conjunction + Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and it came to pass", "*qēṣ*": "noun, masculine singular construct - end of", "*šānâ*": "noun, feminine singular - year", "*wa-yōʾmer*": "conjunction + Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he said", "*ha-melek*": "definite article + noun, masculine singular - the king", "*nāʾ*": "particle - please", "*wa-ʾăšallēm*": "conjunction + Piel imperfect, 1st common singular - and let me fulfill", "*nidrî*": "noun, masculine singular + 1st common singular suffix - my vow", "*nādartî*": "Qal perfect, 1st common singular - I vowed", "*YHWH*": "divine name - LORD", "*Ḥebrôn*": "proper noun - Hebron" }, "variants": { "*qēṣ*": "end/conclusion", "*ʾăšallēm*": "fulfill/complete/pay", "*neder*": "vow/promise/pledge" } } 8 { "verseID": "2Samuel.15.8", "source": "כִּי־נֵ֙דֶר֙ נָדַ֣ר עַבְדְּךָ֔ בְּשִׁבְתִּ֥י בִגְשׁ֛וּר בַּאֲרָ֖ם לֵאמֹ֑ר אִם־*ישיב **יָשׁ֨וֹב יְשִׁיבֵ֤נִי יְהוָה֙ יְר֣וּשָׁלִַ֔ם וְעָבַדְתִּ֖י אֶת־יְהוָֽה׃", "text": "For-*neder* *nādar* your servant, in-*šibtî* in-*Gəšûr* in-*ʾĂrām* *lēʾmōr*, if-*yāšôb* *yəšîbēnî* *YHWH* *Yərûšālaim*, *wə-ʿābadtî* *ʾet*-*YHWH*.", "grammar": { "*neder*": "noun, masculine singular - vow", "*nādar*": "Qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - he vowed", "*šibtî*": "Qal infinitive construct + 1st common singular suffix - my dwelling", "*Gəšûr*": "proper noun - Geshur", "*ʾĂrām*": "proper noun - Aram", "*lēʾmōr*": "preposition + Qal infinitive construct - saying", "*yāšôb*": "Qal infinitive absolute - returning [emphatic]", "*yəšîbēnî*": "Hiphil imperfect, 3rd masculine singular + 1st common singular suffix - he will bring me back", "*YHWH*": "divine name - LORD", "*Yərûšālaim*": "proper noun - Jerusalem", "*wə-ʿābadtî*": "conjunction + Qal perfect, 1st common singular - and I will serve/worship" }, "variants": { "*neder*": "vow/promise/pledge", "*šibtî*": "my dwelling/staying/residing", "*lēʾmōr*": "saying/declaring", "*yāšôb yəšîbēnî*": "indeed return me/surely bring me back [emphatic construction]", "*ʿābadtî*": "I will serve/worship/honor" } } 9 { "verseID": "2Samuel.15.9", "source": "וַיֹּֽאמֶר־ל֥וֹ הַמֶּ֖לֶךְ לֵ֣ךְ בְּשָׁל֑וֹם וַיָּ֖קָם וַיֵּ֥לֶךְ חֶבְרֽוֹנָה׃", "text": "*wa-yōʾmer*-to him *ha-melek*, go in-*šālôm*; *wa-yāqām* *wa-yēlek* *Ḥebrônâ*.", "grammar": { "*wa-yōʾmer*": "conjunction + Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he said", "*ha-melek*": "definite article + noun, masculine singular - the king", "*šālôm*": "noun, masculine singular - peace", "*wa-yāqām*": "conjunction + Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he arose", "*wa-yēlek*": "conjunction + Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he went", "*Ḥebrônâ*": "proper noun + directional he - to Hebron" }, "variants": { "*šālôm*": "peace/well-being/safety", "*Ḥebrônâ*": "to Hebron/toward Hebron" } } 10 { "verseID": "2Samuel.15.10", "source": "וַיִּשְׁלַ֤ח אַבְשָׁלוֹם֙ מְרַגְּלִ֔ים בְּכָל־שִׁבְטֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל לֵאמֹ֑ר כְּשָׁמְעֲכֶם֙ אֶת־ק֣וֹל הַשֹּׁפָ֔ר וַאֲמַרְתֶּ֕ם מָלַ֥ךְ אַבְשָׁל֖וֹם בְּחֶבְרֽוֹן׃", "text": "*wa-yišlaḥ* *ʾAbšālôm* *məraggəlîm* in-all-*šibṭê* *Yiśrāʾēl* *lēʾmōr*, when-*šāmʿăkem* *ʾet*-*qôl* *ha-šôpār*, *wa-ʾămartem* *mālak* *ʾAbšālôm* in-*Ḥebrôn*.", "grammar": { "*wa-yišlaḥ*": "conjunction + Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he sent", "*məraggəlîm*": "Piel participle, masculine plural - spies", "*šibṭê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - tribes of", "*Yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel", "*lēʾmōr*": "preposition + Qal infinitive construct - saying", "*šāmʿăkem*": "Qal infinitive construct + 2nd masculine plural suffix - your hearing", "*qôl*": "noun, masculine singular construct - sound of", "*ha-šôpār*": "definite article + noun, masculine singular - the trumpet", "*wa-ʾămartem*": "conjunction + Qal perfect, 2nd masculine plural - then you shall say", "*mālak*": "Qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - has become king", "*Ḥebrôn*": "proper noun - Hebron" }, "variants": { "*məraggəlîm*": "spies/messengers/scouts", "*šibṭê*": "tribes/clans", "*šôpār*": "trumpet/ram's horn/shofar", "*mālak*": "has become king/has begun to reign/rules" } } 11 { "verseID": "2Samuel.15.11", "source": "וְאֶת־אַבְשָׁל֗וֹם הָלְכ֞וּ מָאתַ֤יִם אִישׁ֙ מִיר֣וּשָׁלִַ֔ם קְרֻאִ֖ים וְהֹלְכִ֣ים לְתֻמָּ֑ם וְלֹ֥א יָדְע֖וּ כָּל־דָּבָֽר׃", "text": "And with-*ʾAbšālôm* *hālkû* two hundred *ʾîš* from-*Yərûšālaim*, *qəruʾîm* *wə-hōləkîm* *lə-tummām*; *wə-lōʾ* *yādəʿû* any-*dābār*.", "grammar": { "*hālkû*": "Qal perfect, 3rd common plural - they went", "*ʾîš*": "noun, masculine singular - man/men", "*Yərûšālaim*": "proper noun - Jerusalem", "*qəruʾîm*": "Qal passive participle, masculine plural - invited ones", "*wə-hōləkîm*": "conjunction + Qal participle, masculine plural - and going", "*lə-tummām*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular + 3rd masculine plural suffix - in their innocence", "*wə-lōʾ*": "conjunction + negative particle - and not", "*yādəʿû*": "Qal perfect, 3rd common plural - they knew", "*dābār*": "noun, masculine singular - thing/matter" }, "variants": { "*qəruʾîm*": "invited ones/guests/those who were called", "*lə-tummām*": "in their innocence/in their simplicity/in good faith", "*dābār*": "thing/matter/plan/plot" } } 12 { "verseID": "2Samuel.15.12", "source": "וַיִּשְׁלַ֣ח אַ֠בְשָׁלוֹם אֶת־אֲחִיתֹ֨פֶל הַגִּֽילֹנִ֜י יוֹעֵ֣ץ דָּוִ֗ד מֵֽעִירוֹ֙ מִגִּלֹ֔ה בְּזָבְח֖וֹ אֶת־הַזְּבָחִ֑ים וַיְהִ֤י הַקֶּ֙שֶׁר֙ אַמִּ֔ץ וְהָעָ֛ם הוֹלֵ֥ךְ וָרָ֖ב אֶת־אַבְשָׁלֽוֹם׃", "text": "*wa-yišlaḥ* *ʾAbšālôm* for-*ʾĂḥîtōpel* *ha-Gîlōnî* *yôʿēṣ* *Dāwid*, from-*ʿîrô* from-*Gilōh*, during-*zābḥô* *ʾet*-*ha-zəbāḥîm*. *wa-yəhî* *ha-qešer* *ʾammîṣ*, *wə-hā-ʿām* *hôlēk* *wā-rāb* with-*ʾAbšālôm*.", "grammar": { "*wa-yišlaḥ*": "conjunction + Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he sent", "*ʾĂḥîtōpel*": "proper noun - Ahithophel", "*ha-Gîlōnî*": "definite article + gentilic adjective, masculine singular - the Gilonite", "*yôʿēṣ*": "Qal participle, masculine singular construct - counselor of", "*Dāwid*": "proper noun - David", "*ʿîrô*": "noun, feminine singular + 3rd masculine singular suffix - his city", "*Gilōh*": "proper noun - Giloh", "*zābḥô*": "Qal infinitive construct + 3rd masculine singular suffix - his offering", "*ha-zəbāḥîm*": "definite article + noun, masculine plural - the sacrifices", "*wa-yəhî*": "conjunction + Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and became", "*ha-qešer*": "definite article + noun, masculine singular - the conspiracy", "*ʾammîṣ*": "adjective, masculine singular - strong", "*wə-hā-ʿām*": "conjunction + definite article + noun, masculine singular - and the people", "*hôlēk*": "Qal participle, masculine singular - going/increasing", "*wā-rāb*": "conjunction + adjective, masculine singular - and numerous" }, "variants": { "*yôʿēṣ*": "counselor/advisor", "*zābḥô*": "his offering/his sacrificing", "*qešer*": "conspiracy/plot/treason", "*ʾammîṣ*": "strong/powerful/growing", "*hôlēk wā-rāb*": "going and increasing/continually growing" } } 13 { "verseID": "2Samuel.15.13", "source": "וַיָּבֹא֙ הַמַּגִּ֔יד אֶל־דָּוִ֖ד לֵאמֹ֑ר הָיָ֛ה לֶב־אִ֥ישׁ יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל אַחֲרֵ֥י אַבְשָׁלֽוֹם׃", "text": "*wa-yābōʾ* *ha-maggid* to-*Dāwid* *lēʾmōr*, *hāyâ* *lēb*-*ʾîš* *Yiśrāʾēl* after *ʾAbšālôm*.", "grammar": { "*wa-yābōʾ*": "conjunction + Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he came", "*ha-maggid*": "definite article + Hiphil participle, masculine singular - the messenger", "*Dāwid*": "proper noun - David", "*lēʾmōr*": "preposition + Qal infinitive construct - saying", "*hāyâ*": "Qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - has become", "*lēb*": "noun, masculine singular construct - heart of", "*ʾîš*": "noun, masculine singular construct - men of", "*Yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel" }, "variants": { "*ha-maggid*": "the messenger/the informant/the one bringing news", "*lēb*": "heart/mind/loyalty/allegiance", "*ʾîš*": "men/people" } } 14 { "verseID": "2Samuel.15.14", "source": "וַיֹּ֣אמֶר דָּ֠וִד לְכָל־עֲבָדָ֨יו אֲשֶׁר־אִתּ֤וֹ בִירוּשָׁלִַ֙ם֙ ק֣וּמוּ וְנִבְרָ֔חָה כִּ֛י לֹא־תִֽהְיֶה־לָּ֥נוּ פְלֵיטָ֖ה מִפְּנֵ֣י אַבְשָׁל֑וֹם מַהֲר֣וּ לָלֶ֗כֶת פֶּן־יְמַהֵ֤ר וְהִשִּׂגָ֙נוּ֙ וְהִדִּ֤יחַ עָלֵ֙ינוּ֙ אֶת־הָ֣רָעָ֔ה וְהִכָּ֥ה הָעִ֖יר לְפִי־חָֽרֶב׃", "text": "*wa-yōʾmer* *Dāwid* to-all-*ʿăbādāyw* who-with him in-*Yərûšālaim*, arise and *wə-nibrāḥâ*, for *lōʾ*-*tihyeh*-to us *pəlêṭâ* from-face of *ʾAbšālôm*; *mahărû* to go, lest-*yəmahēr* and *wə-hiśśîgānû* and *wə-hiddîaḥ* upon us *ʾet*-*hā-rāʿâ*, and *wə-hikkâ* *hā-ʿîr* by-*pî*-*ḥāreb*.", "grammar": { "*wa-yōʾmer*": "conjunction + Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he said", "*Dāwid*": "proper noun - David", "*ʿăbādāyw*": "noun, masculine plural + 3rd masculine singular suffix - his servants", "*Yərûšālaim*": "proper noun - Jerusalem", "*wə-nibrāḥâ*": "conjunction + Qal imperfect cohortative, 1st common plural - and let us flee", "*lōʾ*": "negative particle - not", "*tihyeh*": "Qal imperfect, 3rd feminine singular - will be", "*pəlêṭâ*": "noun, feminine singular - escape/deliverance", "*mahărû*": "Piel imperative, masculine plural - hurry", "*yəmahēr*": "Piel imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - he hurries", "*wə-hiśśîgānû*": "conjunction + Hiphil perfect, 3rd masculine singular + 1st common plural suffix - and overtakes us", "*wə-hiddîaḥ*": "conjunction + Hiphil perfect, 3rd masculine singular - and brings down", "*hā-rāʿâ*": "definite article + noun, feminine singular - the evil/disaster", "*wə-hikkâ*": "conjunction + Hiphil perfect, 3rd masculine singular - and strikes", "*hā-ʿîr*": "definite article + noun, feminine singular - the city", "*pî*": "noun, masculine singular construct - mouth/edge of", "*ḥāreb*": "noun, feminine singular - sword" }, "variants": { "*nibrāḥâ*": "let us flee/escape", "*pəlêṭâ*": "escape/deliverance/survival", "*hiśśîgānû*": "overtakes us/catches us", "*hiddîaḥ*": "brings down/thrusts/drives", "*hā-rāʿâ*": "the evil/disaster/calamity", "*pî-ḥāreb*": "edge of the sword/by the sword" } } 15 { "verseID": "2 Samuel.15.15", "source": "וַיֹּאמְר֥וּ עַבְדֵֽי־הַמֶּ֖לֶךְ אֶל־הַמֶּ֑לֶךְ כְּכֹ֧ל אֲשֶׁר־יִבְחַ֛ר אֲדֹנִ֥י הַמֶּ֖לֶךְ הִנֵּ֥ה עֲבָדֶֽיךָ׃", "text": "*wə-yōʾmərū* *ʿaḇdê*-*ha-meleḵ* *ʾel*-*ha-meleḵ* *kə-ḵōl* *ʾăšer*-*yiḇḥar* *ʾăḏōnî* *ha-meleḵ* *hinnēh* *ʿăḇāḏêḵā*", "grammar": { "*wə-yōʾmərū*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine plural - and they said", "*ʿaḇdê*": "construct state of masculine plural noun - servants of", "*ha-meleḵ*": "definite article + masculine singular noun - the king", "*ʾel*": "preposition - to/unto", "*kə-ḵōl*": "preposition + noun - according to all", "*ʾăšer*": "relative particle - that/which", "*yiḇḥar*": "qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - he will choose", "*ʾăḏōnî*": "masculine singular noun with 1st person singular suffix - my lord", "*hinnēh*": "demonstrative particle - behold/here are", "*ʿăḇāḏêḵā*": "masculine plural noun with 2nd person masculine singular suffix - your servants" }, "variants": { "*ʿaḇdê*": "servants/officials/attendants", "*yiḇḥar*": "choose/select/desire", "*hinnēh*": "behold/look/here are" } } 16 { "verseID": "2 Samuel.15.16", "source": "וַיֵּצֵ֥א הַמֶּ֛לֶךְ וְכָל־בֵּית֖וֹ בְּרַגְלָ֑יו וַיַּעֲזֹ֣ב הַמֶּ֗לֶךְ אֵ֣ת עֶ֧שֶׂר נָשִׁ֛ים פִּֽלַגְשִׁ֖ים לִשְׁמֹ֥ר הַבָּֽיִת׃", "text": "*wa-yēṣēʾ* *ha-meleḵ* *wə-ḵol*-*bêṯô* *bə-raḡlāyw* *wa-yaʿăzōḇ* *ha-meleḵ* *ʾēṯ* *ʿeśer* *nāšîm* *pîlaḡšîm* *li-šmōr* *ha-bāyiṯ*", "grammar": { "*wa-yēṣēʾ*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - and he went out", "*ha-meleḵ*": "definite article + masculine singular noun - the king", "*wə-ḵol*": "conjunction + noun - and all", "*bêṯô*": "masculine singular noun with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his house/household", "*bə-raḡlāyw*": "preposition + feminine plural noun with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - on his feet/by foot", "*wa-yaʿăzōḇ*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - and he left", "*ʾēṯ*": "direct object marker", "*ʿeśer*": "cardinal number - ten", "*nāšîm*": "feminine plural noun - women", "*pîlaḡšîm*": "feminine plural noun - concubines", "*li-šmōr*": "preposition + qal infinitive construct - to keep/guard", "*ha-bāyiṯ*": "definite article + masculine singular noun - the house" }, "variants": { "*yēṣēʾ*": "go out/depart/exit", "*bêṯô*": "his house/household/family", "*raḡlāyw*": "feet/on foot (idiomatically: traveled by foot)", "*yaʿăzōḇ*": "leave/forsake/abandon", "*pîlaḡšîm*": "concubines/secondary wives", "*šmōr*": "keep/guard/watch over" } } 17 { "verseID": "2 Samuel.15.17", "source": "וַיֵּצֵ֥א הַמֶּ֛לֶךְ וְכָל־הָעָ֖ם בְּרַגְלָ֑יו וַיַּעַמְד֖וּ בֵּ֥ית הַמֶּרְחָֽק׃", "text": "*wa-yēṣēʾ* *ha-meleḵ* *wə-ḵol*-*hā-ʿām* *bə-raḡlāyw* *wa-yaʿamḏû* *bêṯ* *ha-merḥāq*", "grammar": { "*wa-yēṣēʾ*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - and he went out", "*ha-meleḵ*": "definite article + masculine singular noun - the king", "*wə-ḵol*": "conjunction + noun - and all", "*hā-ʿām*": "definite article + masculine singular noun - the people", "*bə-raḡlāyw*": "preposition + feminine plural noun with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - on his feet/by foot", "*wa-yaʿamḏû*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine plural - and they stood", "*bêṯ*": "construct state of masculine singular noun - house of", "*ha-merḥāq*": "definite article + masculine singular noun - the far place/distance" }, "variants": { "*yēṣēʾ*": "go out/depart/exit", "*ʿām*": "people/nation/population", "*raḡlāyw*": "feet/on foot (idiomatically: traveled by foot)", "*yaʿamḏû*": "stand/halt/stop", "*bêṯ ha-merḥāq*": "house of distance/far house (possibly a place name or designation for a location at some distance from Jerusalem)" } } 18 { "verseID": "2 Samuel.15.18", "source": "וְכָל־עֲבָדָיו֙ עֹבְרִ֣ים עַל־יָד֔וֹ וְכָל־הַכְּרֵתִ֖י וְכָל־הַפְּלֵתִ֑י וְכָֽל־הַגִּתִּ֞ים שֵׁשׁ־מֵא֣וֹת אִ֗ישׁ אֲשֶׁר־בָּ֤אוּ בְרַגְלוֹ֙ מִגַּ֔ת עֹבְרִ֖ים עַל־פְּנֵ֥י הַמֶּֽלֶךְ׃", "text": "*wə-ḵol*-*ʿăḇāḏāyw* *ʿōḇrîm* *ʿal*-*yāḏô* *wə-ḵol*-*ha-kərēṯî* *wə-ḵol*-*ha-pəlēṯî* *wə-ḵol*-*ha-gittîm* *šēš*-*mēʾôṯ* *ʾîš* *ʾăšer*-*bāʾû* *ḇə-raḡlô* *mi-gaṯ* *ʿōḇrîm* *ʿal*-*pənê* *ha-meleḵ*", "grammar": { "*wə-ḵol*": "conjunction + noun - and all", "*ʿăḇāḏāyw*": "masculine plural noun with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his servants", "*ʿōḇrîm*": "qal participle, masculine plural - passing/crossing", "*ʿal*": "preposition - over/beside", "*yāḏô*": "feminine singular noun with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his hand", "*ha-kərēṯî*": "definite article + gentilic noun - the Cherethites", "*ha-pəlēṯî*": "definite article + gentilic noun - the Pelethites", "*ha-gittîm*": "definite article + gentilic noun - the Gittites", "*šēš*": "cardinal number - six", "*mēʾôṯ*": "feminine plural noun - hundreds", "*ʾîš*": "masculine singular noun - man/men", "*ʾăšer*": "relative particle - who/that", "*bāʾû*": "qal perfect, 3rd person common plural - they came", "*ḇə-raḡlô*": "preposition + feminine singular noun with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - by his foot", "*mi-gaṯ*": "preposition + proper noun - from Gath", "*ʿōḇrîm*": "qal participle, masculine plural - passing/crossing", "*ʿal*-*pənê*": "preposition + construct state of masculine plural noun - before/in front of", "*ha-meleḵ*": "definite article + masculine singular noun - the king" }, "variants": { "*ʿăḇāḏāyw*": "his servants/officials/attendants", "*ʿōḇrîm*": "passing by/crossing over/marching", "*ʿal-yāḏô*": "beside him/at his side/under his command", "*ha-kərēṯî*": "the Cherethites (possibly bodyguards or mercenaries)", "*ha-pəlēṯî*": "the Pelethites (possibly bodyguards or mercenaries)", "*ha-gittîm*": "the Gittites (people from Gath)", "*bāʾû ḇə-raḡlô*": "came in his footsteps/following him/in his service", "*ʿal-pənê*": "before/in front of/in the presence of" } } 19 { "verseID": "2 Samuel.15.19", "source": "וַיֹּ֤אמֶר הַמֶּ֙לֶךְ֙ אֶל־אִתַּ֣י הַגִּתִּ֔י לָ֧מָּה תֵלֵ֛ךְ גַּם־אַתָּ֖ה אִתָּ֑נוּ שׁ֣וּב וְשֵׁ֤ב עִם־הַמֶּ֙לֶךְ֙ כִּֽי־נָכְרִ֣י אַ֔תָּה וְגַם־גֹּלֶ֥ה אַתָּ֖ה לִמְקוֹמֶֽךָ׃", "text": "*wa-yōʾmer* *ha-meleḵ* *ʾel*-*ʾittay* *ha-gittî* *lāmmâ* *ṯēlēḵ* *gam*-*ʾattâ* *ʾittānû* *šûḇ* *wə-šēḇ* *ʿim*-*ha-meleḵ* *kî*-*noḵrî* *ʾattâ* *wə-gam*-*gōlê* *ʾattâ* *li-mqômḵā*", "grammar": { "*wa-yōʾmer*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - and he said", "*ha-meleḵ*": "definite article + masculine singular noun - the king", "*ʾel*": "preposition - to/unto", "*ʾittay*": "proper noun - Ittai", "*ha-gittî*": "definite article + gentilic adjective - the Gittite", "*lāmmâ*": "interrogative adverb - why", "*ṯēlēḵ*": "qal imperfect, 2nd person masculine singular - you go", "*gam*": "adverb - also", "*ʾattâ*": "2nd person masculine singular pronoun - you", "*ʾittānû*": "preposition with 1st person plural suffix - with us", "*šûḇ*": "qal imperative, masculine singular - return", "*wə-šēḇ*": "conjunction + qal imperative, masculine singular - and stay/remain", "*ʿim*": "preposition - with", "*kî*": "conjunction - for/because", "*noḵrî*": "masculine singular adjective - foreigner/stranger", "*wə-gam*": "conjunction + adverb - and also", "*gōlê*": "qal participle, masculine singular - exile/being exiled", "*li-mqômḵā*": "preposition + masculine singular noun with 2nd person masculine singular suffix - to your place" }, "variants": { "*ṯēlēḵ*": "go/walk/depart", "*šûḇ*": "return/turn back/go back", "*šēḇ*": "sit/stay/remain/dwell", "*noḵrî*": "foreigner/stranger/alien", "*gōlê*": "exile/displaced person/refugee", "*mqômḵā*": "your place/homeland/country" } } 20 { "verseID": "2 Samuel.15.20", "source": "תְּמ֣וֹל ׀ בּוֹאֶ֗ךָ וְהַיּ֞וֹם *אנועך **אֲנִֽיעֲךָ֤ עִמָּ֙נוּ֙ לָלֶ֔כֶת וַאֲנִ֣י הוֹלֵ֔ךְ עַ֥ל אֲשֶׁר־אֲנִ֖י הוֹלֵ֑ךְ שׁ֣וּב וְהָשֵׁ֧ב אֶת־אַחֶ֛יךָ עִמָּ֖ךְ חֶ֥סֶד וֶאֱמֶֽת׃", "text": "*təmôl* *bôʾḵā* *wə-hayyôm* *ʾănîʿăḵā* *ʿimmānû* *lāleḵeṯ* *wa-ʾănî* *hôlēḵ* *ʿal* *ʾăšer*-*ʾănî* *hôlēḵ* *šûḇ* *wə-hāšēḇ* *ʾeṯ*-*ʾaḥêḵā* *ʿimmāḵ* *ḥeseḏ* *we-ʾĕmeṯ*", "grammar": { "*təmôl*": "adverb - yesterday", "*bôʾḵā*": "qal infinitive construct with 2nd person masculine singular suffix - your coming", "*wə-hayyôm*": "conjunction + definite article + masculine singular noun - and today", "*ʾănîʿăḵā*": "hiphil imperfect, 1st person singular with 2nd person masculine singular suffix - I cause you to wander", "*ʿimmānû*": "preposition with 1st person plural suffix - with us", "*lāleḵeṯ*": "preposition + qal infinitive construct - to go", "*wa-ʾănî*": "conjunction + 1st person singular pronoun - and I", "*hôlēḵ*": "qal participle, masculine singular - going", "*ʿal*": "preposition - to/upon", "*ʾăšer*": "relative particle - that/which", "*šûḇ*": "qal imperative, masculine singular - return", "*wə-hāšēḇ*": "conjunction + hiphil imperative, masculine singular - and bring back", "*ʾeṯ*": "direct object marker", "*ʾaḥêḵā*": "masculine plural noun with 2nd person masculine singular suffix - your brothers", "*ʿimmāḵ*": "preposition with 2nd person masculine singular suffix - with you", "*ḥeseḏ*": "masculine singular noun - lovingkindness/mercy", "*we-ʾĕmeṯ*": "conjunction + feminine singular noun - and truth/faithfulness" }, "variants": { "*təmôl*": "yesterday/recently", "*bôʾḵā*": "your coming/arrival", "*ʾănîʿăḵā*": "I make you wander/I cause you to move/I take you about", "*hôlēḵ*": "going/walking/traveling", "*ʾaḥêḵā*": "your brothers/kinsmen/countrymen", "*ḥeseḏ we-ʾĕmeṯ*": "lovingkindness and truth/faithfulness and loyalty (hendiadys meaning 'true loyalty' or 'faithful kindness')" } }
  • Ps 25:6-7 : 6 { "verseID": "Psalms.25.6", "source": "זְכֹר־רַחֲמֶ֣יךָ יְ֭הוָה וַחֲסָדֶ֑יךָ כִּ֖י מֵעוֹלָ֣ם הֵֽמָּה", "text": "*zĕḵōr-raḥămêḵā YHWH waḥăsāḏêḵā kî mēʿôlām hēmmāh*", "grammar": { "*zĕḵōr*": "verb, Qal imperative masculine singular - 'remember'", "*raḥămêḵā*": "noun, masculine plural construct with 2nd person masculine singular suffix - 'your mercies'", "*waḥăsāḏêḵā*": "conjunction + noun, masculine plural construct with 2nd person masculine singular suffix - 'and your lovingkindnesses'", "*kî*": "conjunction - 'for/because'", "*mēʿôlām*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular - 'from eternity/from ancient times'", "*hēmmāh*": "pronoun, 3rd person masculine plural - 'they are'" }, "variants": { "*raḥămêḵā*": "your mercies/your compassions/your tender feelings", "*ḥăsāḏêḵā*": "your lovingkindnesses/your steadfast love/your covenant faithfulness", "*mēʿôlām*": "from eternity/from ancient times/from of old" } } 7 { "verseID": "Psalms.25.7", "source": "חַטֹּ֤אות נְעוּרַ֨י ׀ וּפְשָׁעַ֗י אַל־תִּ֫זְכֹּ֥ר כְּחַסְדְּךָ֥ זְכָר־לִי־אַ֑תָּה לְמַ֖עַן טוּבְךָ֣ יְהוָֽה", "text": "*ḥaṭṭôʾôṯ nĕʿûray ûp̄ĕšāʿay ʾal-tizkōr kĕḥasdĕḵā zĕḵār-lî-ʾattāh lĕmaʿan ṭûḇḵā YHWH*", "grammar": { "*ḥaṭṭôʾôṯ nĕʿûray*": "noun, feminine plural construct + noun, masculine plural construct with 1st person singular suffix - 'sins of my youth'", "*ûp̄ĕšāʿay*": "conjunction + noun, masculine plural construct with 1st person singular suffix - 'and my transgressions'", "*ʾal-tizkōr*": "negative particle + verb, Qal imperfect 2nd person masculine singular - 'do not remember'", "*kĕḥasdĕḵā*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular construct with 2nd person masculine singular suffix - 'according to your lovingkindness'", "*zĕḵār-lî-ʾattāh*": "verb, Qal imperative masculine singular + preposition with 1st person singular suffix + pronoun, 2nd person masculine singular - 'remember me, you'", "*lĕmaʿan*": "preposition - 'for the sake of'", "*ṭûḇḵā*": "noun, masculine singular construct with 2nd person masculine singular suffix - 'your goodness'" }, "variants": { "*ḥaṭṭôʾôṯ*": "sins/offenses/errors", "*nĕʿûray*": "my youth/my young age", "*pĕšāʿay*": "my transgressions/my rebellions/my offenses", "*ḥasdĕḵā*": "your lovingkindness/your steadfast love/your covenant faithfulness", "*ṭûḇḵā*": "your goodness/your kindness/your benevolence" } }