Exodus 19:18

Linguistic Bible Translation from Source Texts

Mount Sinai was completely enveloped in smoke because the LORD had descended on it in fire. Its smoke went up like the smoke of a furnace, and the whole mountain shook violently.

📖 Grammatical Analysis

Original Text

וְהַ֤ר סִינַי֙ עָשַׁ֣ן כֻּלּ֔וֹ מִ֠פְּנֵי אֲשֶׁ֨ר יָרַ֥ד עָלָ֛יו יְהוָ֖ה בָּאֵ֑שׁ וַיַּ֤עַל עֲשָׁנוֹ֙ כְּעֶ֣שֶׁן הַכִּבְשָׁ֔ן וַיֶּחֱרַ֥ד כָּל־הָהָ֖ר מְאֹֽד׃

Transliteration

And har sînay ʿāšan all of it from mippənê ʾăšer yārad upon it YHWH in the ʾēš wə-yaʿal ʿăšānô like ʿešen the kibšān wə-yeḥĕrad all the hār greatly.

Grammar Details

• *har*: noun, masculine singular construct - mountain of
• *sînay*: proper noun - Sinai
• *ʿāšan*: verb, qal perfect 3rd masculine singular - smoked
• *mippənê*: preposition + noun, masculine plural construct - from the presence of
• *ʾăšer*: relative particle - that/which
• *yārad*: verb, qal perfect 3rd masculine singular - descended/came down
• *YHWH*: proper noun - the divine name (Yahweh/Jehovah)
• *ʾēš*: noun, feminine singular (with definite article) - the fire
• *wə-yaʿal*: conjunction + verb, qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and went up
• *ʿăšānô*: noun, masculine singular + 3rd masculine singular suffix - its smoke
• *ʿešen*: noun, masculine singular construct - smoke of
• *kibšān*: noun, masculine singular (with definite article) - the furnace
• *wə-yeḥĕrad*: conjunction + verb, qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and trembled
• *hār*: noun, masculine singular (with definite article) - the mountain

Word Meanings

• *ʿāšan*: smoked/was smoking
• *mippənê*: from the presence of/because of
• *kibšān*: furnace/kiln/smelting furnace

Other Translations

• King James Version 1769 (Standard Version)

  And mount Sinai was altogether on a smoke, because the LORD descended upon it in fire: and the smoke thereof ascended as the smoke of a furnace, and the whole mount quaked greatly.

• KJV1611 – Modern English

  And Mount Sinai was all in smoke, because the LORD descended upon it in fire, and the smoke went up like the smoke of a furnace, and the whole mount quaked greatly.

• King James Version 1611 (Original)

  And mount Sinai was altogether on a smoke, because the LORD descended upon it in fire: and the smoke thereof ascended as the smoke of a furnace, and the whole mount quaked greatly.

• American Standard Version with Strong's Numbers

  And mount{H2022} Sinai,{H5514} the whole of it, smoked,{H6225} because{H6440} Jehovah{H3068} descended{H3381} upon it in fire;{H784} and the smoke{H6227} thereof ascended{H5927} as the smoke{H6227} of a furnace,{H3536} and the whole mount{H2022} quaked{H2729} greatly.{H3966}

• King James Version with Strong's Numbers

  And mount{H2022} Sinai{H5514} was altogether on a smoke{H6225}{(H8804)}, because{H6440}{H834} the LORD{H3068} descended{H3381}{(H8804)} upon it in fire{H784}: and the smoke{H6227} thereof ascended{H5927}{(H8799)} as the smoke{H6227} of a furnace{H3536}, and the whole mount{H2022} quaked{H2729}{(H8799)} greatly{H3966}.

• Tyndale Bible (1526/1534)

  And mounte Sinai was all togither on a smoke: because the Lorde descended doune vpon it in fyre. And the smoke therof asceded vp, as it had bene the smoke of a kylle, and all the mounte was exceadinge fearfull.

• Coverdale Bible (1535)

  But all mount Sinai smoked, because ye LORDE came downe vpo it with fyre. And the smoke therof wente vp as the smoke of a fornace, so that the whole mount was exceadinge terrible.

• Geneva Bible (1560)

  And mount Sinai was all on smoke, because the Lorde came downe vpon it in fire, and the smoke therof ascended, as the smoke of a fornace, and all the mount trembled exceedingly.

• Bishops' Bible (1568)

  And mount Sinai was altogether on a smoke, because the Lorde descended downe vpon it in fire, and the smoke thereof, ascended vp as the smoke of a furnace, and all the mount quaked exceedyngly.

• Authorized King James Version (1611)

  And mount Sinai was altogether on a smoke, because the LORD descended upon it in fire: and the smoke thereof ascended as the smoke of a furnace, and the whole mount quaked greatly.

• Webster's Bible (1833)

  Mount Sinai, the whole of it, smoked, because Yahweh descended on it in fire; and its smoke ascended like the smoke of a furnace, and the whole mountain quaked greatly.

• Young's Literal Translation (1862/1898)

  and mount Sinai `is' wholly a smoke from the presence of Jehovah, who hath come down on it in fire, and its smoke goeth up as smoke of the furnace, and the whole mount trembleth exceedingly;

• American Standard Version (1901)

  And mount Sinai, the whole of it, smoked, because Jehovah descended upon it in fire; and the smoke thereof ascended as the smoke of a furnace, and the whole mount quaked greatly.

• American Standard Version (1901)

  And mount Sinai, the whole of it, smoked, because Jehovah descended upon it in fire; and the smoke thereof ascended as the smoke of a furnace, and the whole mount quaked greatly.

• Bible in Basic English (1941)

  And all the mountain of Sinai was smoking, for the Lord had come down on it in fire: and the smoke of it went up like the smoke of a great burning; and all the mountain was shaking.

• World English Bible (2000)

  Mount Sinai, all it, smoked, because Yahweh descended on it in fire; and its smoke ascended like the smoke of a furnace, and the whole mountain quaked greatly.

• NET Bible® (New English Translation)

  Now Mount Sinai was completely covered with smoke because the LORD had descended on it in fire, and its smoke went up like the smoke of a great furnace, and the whole mountain shook violently.

Referenced Verses

• Ps 144:5 : 5 Lord, bend down Your heavens and come down; touch the mountains, and they will smoke.
• Judg 5:5 : 5 The mountains melted before the Lord, even Sinai, before the Lord, the God of Israel.
• Exod 24:17 : 17 The appearance of the LORD's glory was like a consuming fire on the mountaintop in the sight of the Israelites.
• Rev 15:8 : 8 The temple was filled with smoke from the glory of God and His power, and no one could enter the temple until the seven plagues of the seven angels were completed.
• Jer 4:24 : 24 I looked at the mountains, and they were quaking; all the hills were swaying.
• Gen 19:28 : 28 He looked down toward Sodom and Gomorrah and the entire plain, and he saw that smoke was rising from the land like smoke from a furnace.
• Exod 3:2 : 2 The angel of the LORD appeared to him in a flame of fire from within a bush. Moses saw that the bush was burning with fire, but it was not consumed.
• Ps 104:32 : 32 He gazes at the earth, and it trembles; He touches the mountains, and they smoke.
• Isa 6:4 : 4 The foundations of the thresholds shook at the sound of the voices of those who called, and the temple was filled with smoke.
• 2 Chr 7:1-3 : 1 When Solomon finished praying, fire came down from heaven and consumed the burnt offering and the sacrifices, and the glory of the LORD filled the temple. 2 The priests could not enter the Temple of the LORD because the glory of the LORD filled it. 3 When all the Israelites saw the fire come down and the glory of the LORD on the temple, they bowed down with their faces to the ground on the pavement and worshiped, giving thanks to the LORD, saying, "He is good; His love endures forever."
• Ps 68:7-8 : 7 God sets the lonely in families; He releases the prisoners with gladness, but the rebellious live in a scorched land. 8 God, when You went out before Your people, when You marched through the wilderness—Selah.
• Gen 15:17 : 17 When the sun had set and darkness had fallen, a smoking oven and a burning torch appeared and passed between the divided pieces.
• Heb 12:26 : 26 At that time his voice shook the earth, but now he has promised, "Once more I will shake not only the earth but also the heavens."
• 2 Pet 3:10 : 10 But the day of the Lord will come like a thief; on that day the heavens will pass away with a loud noise, the elements will be destroyed by fire, and the earth and everything in it will be laid bare.
• Nah 1:5-6 : 5 The mountains quake before him and the hills melt away. The earth trembles at his presence, the world and all who live in it. 6 Who can stand before his indignation? Who can endure the heat of his anger? His wrath is poured out like fire, and the rocks are shattered before him.
• Zech 14:5 : 5 You will flee by the valley of My mountains, for the valley between the mountains will reach to Azal. You will flee as you fled because of the earthquake in the days of Uzziah king of Judah. Then the Lord my God will come, and all the holy ones with Him.
• Matt 24:7 : 7 'Nation will rise against nation, and kingdom against kingdom. There will be famines, plagues, and earthquakes in various places.'
• 2 Thess 1:8 : 8 In flaming fire, inflicting vengeance on those who do not know God and on those who do not obey the gospel of our Lord Jesus.
• Heb 12:18 : 18 For you have not come to a mountain that can be touched, that is burning with fire, to darkness, gloom, and a storm,
• Ps 77:18 : 18 The clouds poured out water; the skies gave forth sound; Your arrows flashed back and forth.
• 1 Kgs 19:11-12 : 11 The LORD said, 'Go out and stand on the mountain in the presence of the LORD, for the LORD is about to pass by.' Then a great and powerful wind tore through the mountains and shattered the rocks before the LORD, but the LORD was not in the wind. After the wind, there was an earthquake, but the LORD was not in the earthquake. 12 After the earthquake came a fire, but the LORD was not in the fire. And after the fire came a gentle whisper.
• Ps 114:7 : 7 Tremble, earth, at the presence of the Lord, at the presence of the God of Jacob,
• Exod 19:13 : 13 No hand is to touch it; anyone who touches it must be stoned or shot with arrows. Whether animal or human, they must not be allowed to live.' Only when the ram’s horn sounds a long blast may they go up the mountain.
• Exod 20:18 : 18 When all the people saw the thunder and the lightning flashes, and heard the sound of the trumpet, and saw the mountain in smoke, they trembled with fear and stood at a distance.
• Deut 4:11-12 : 11 You approached and stood at the foot of the mountain, and the mountain burned with fire up to the very heavens, with darkness, cloud, and thick gloom. 12 Then the LORD spoke to you from the midst of the fire. You heard the sound of words, but saw no form—there was only a voice.
• Deut 5:22 : 22 These are the words the LORD spoke to your entire assembly at the mountain from the midst of the fire, the cloud, and the profound darkness, with a loud voice. He added no more, and He wrote them on two stone tablets and gave them to me.
• Deut 33:2 : 2 He said: 'The Lord came from Sinai, and shone forth from Seir to them; He appeared in radiance from Mount Paran, and came with myriads of holy ones. From His right hand came a fiery law for them.