Exodus 23:15

Linguistic Bible Translation from Source Texts

Observe the Festival of Unleavened Bread; for seven days eat unleavened bread, as I commanded you, at the appointed time in the month of Aviv, for in that month you came out of Egypt. Do not appear before me empty-handed.

📖 Grammatical Analysis

Original Text

אֶת־חַ֣ג הַמַּצּוֹת֮ תִּשְׁמֹר֒ שִׁבְעַ֣ת יָמִים֩ תֹּאכַ֨ל מַצּ֜וֹת כּֽ͏ַאֲשֶׁ֣ר צִוִּיתִ֗ךָ לְמוֹעֵד֙ חֹ֣דֶשׁ הָֽאָבִ֔יב כִּי־ב֖וֹ יָצָ֣אתָ מִמִּצְרָ֑יִם וְלֹא־יֵרָא֥וּ פָנַ֖י רֵיקָֽם׃

Transliteration

ʾEt-ḥag the-maṣṣôt tišmōr seven yāmîm tōʾkal maṣṣôt as-which ṣiwwîtîkā for-môʿēd ḥōdeš the-ʾābîb for-in-him yāṣāʾtā from-miṣrāyim and-not-yērāʾû pānay rêqām

Grammar Details

• *ḥag*: noun masculine singular construct - feast/festival
• *maṣṣôt*: noun feminine plural - unleavened bread
• *tišmōr*: qal imperfect 2nd person masculine singular - keep/observe
• *yāmîm*: noun masculine plural - days
• *tōʾkal*: qal imperfect 2nd person masculine singular - eat/consume
• *ṣiwwîtîkā*: piel perfect 1st person common singular with 2nd person masculine singular suffix - I commanded you
• *môʿēd*: noun masculine singular construct - appointed time
• *ḥōdeš*: noun masculine singular construct - month of
• *ʾābîb*: noun masculine singular - ear/fresh grain (name of spring month)
• *yāṣāʾtā*: qal perfect 2nd person masculine singular - you went out/came out
• *yērāʾû*: niphal imperfect 3rd person masculine plural - they shall appear/be seen
• *pānay*: noun masculine plural construct with 1st person common singular suffix - my face/presence
• *rêqām*: adverb - emptily/with empty hands

Word Meanings

• *ḥag ha-maṣṣôt*: feast of unleavened bread/festival of matzot
• *tišmōr*: keep/observe/guard/maintain
• *môʿēd*: appointed time/season/festival
• *ʾābîb*: ear/fresh grain/spring (month name, corresponding to March-April)
• *yērāʾû pānay*: appear before me/be seen before my face
• *rêqām*: emptily/with empty hands/without an offering

Other Translations

• King James Version 1769 (Standard Version)

  Thou shalt keep the feast of unleavened bread: (thou shalt eat unleavened bread seven days, as I commanded thee, in the time appointed of the month Abib; for in it thou camest out from Egypt: and none shall appear before me empty:)

• KJV1611 – Modern English

  You shall keep the Feast of Unleavened Bread (you shall eat unleavened bread seven days, as I commanded you, at the time appointed in the month of Abib, for in it you came out of Egypt; none shall appear before me empty);

• King James Version 1611 (Original)

  Thou shalt keep the feast of unleavened bread: (thou shalt eat unleavened bread seven days, as I commanded thee, in the time appointed of the month Abib; for in it thou camest out from Egypt: and none shall appear before me empty:)

• American Standard Version with Strong's Numbers

  The feast{H2282} of unleavened bread{H4682} shalt thou keep:{H8104} seven{H7651} days{H3117} thou shalt eat{H398} unleavened bread,{H4682} as I commanded{H6680} thee, at the time appointed{H4150} in the month{H2320} Abib{H24} (for in it thou camest out{H3318} from Egypt);{H4714} and none shall appear{H7200} before{H6440} me empty:{H7387}

• King James Version with Strong's Numbers

  Thou shalt keep{H8104}{(H8799)} the feast{H2282} of unleavened bread{H4682}:(thou shalt eat{H398}{(H8799)} unleavened bread{H4682} seven{H7651} days{H3117}, as I commanded{H6680}{(H8765)} thee, in the time appointed{H4150} of the month{H2320} Abib{H24}; for in it thou camest out{H3318}{(H8804)} from Egypt{H4714}: and none shall appear{H7200}{(H8735)} before{H6440} me empty{H7387}:)

• Tyndale Bible (1526/1534)

  Thou shalt kepe the feast of swete bred that thou eate vnleuend bred.vij. dayes loge as I comaunded the in the tyme appoynted of the moneth of Abib, for in that moneth thou camest out of Egipte: ad se that noman appeare before me emptie.

• Coverdale Bible (1535)

  shalt thou kepe feast vnto me: namely the feast of vnleuended bred shalt thou kepe, that thou eate vnleuended bred seuen dayes ( like as I commaunded ye) in the tyme of ye moneth Abib, for in the same wentest thou out of Egipte. (But appeare not emptye before me.)

• Geneva Bible (1560)

  Thou shalt keepe the feast of vnleauened bread: thou shalt eate vnleauened bread seue dayes, as I commaunded thee, in the season of the moneth of Abib: for in it thou camest out of Egypt: and none shall appeare before me emptie:

• Bishops' Bible (1568)

  Thou shalt kepe the feast of vnleauened bread: thou shalt eate vnleauened bread seuen daies long, as I commaunded thee, in the tyme appoynted of the moneth Abib: for in that moneth ye came out of Egypt, and see that no man appeare before me emptie.

• Authorized King James Version (1611)

  Thou shalt keep the feast of unleavened bread: (thou shalt eat unleavened bread seven days, as I commanded thee, in the time appointed of the month Abib; for in it thou camest out from Egypt: and none shall appear before me empty:)

• Webster's Bible (1833)

  You shall observe the feast of unleavened bread. Seven days you shall eat unleavened bread, as I commanded you, at the time appointed in the month Abib (for in it you came out from Egypt), and no one shall appear before me empty.

• Young's Literal Translation (1862/1898)

  the Feast of Unleavened things thou dost keep; seven days thou dost eat unleavened things, as I have commanded thee, at the time appointed `in' the month of Abib; for in it thou hast come forth out of Egypt, and ye do not appear `in' My presence empty;

• American Standard Version (1901)

  The feast of unleavened bread shalt thou keep: seven days thou shalt eat unleavened bread, as I commanded thee, at the time appointed in the month Abib (for in it thou camest out from Egypt); and none shall appear before me empty:

• American Standard Version (1901)

  The feast of unleavened bread shalt thou keep: seven days thou shalt eat unleavened bread, as I commanded thee, at the time appointed in the month Abib (for in it thou camest out from Egypt); and none shall appear before me empty:

• Bible in Basic English (1941)

  You are to keep the feast of unleavened bread; for seven days let your bread be without leaven, as I gave you orders, at the regular time in the month Abib (for in it you came out of Egypt); and let no one come before me without an offering:

• World English Bible (2000)

  You shall observe the feast of unleavened bread. Seven days you shall eat unleavened bread, as I commanded you, at the time appointed in the month Abib (for in it you came out from Egypt), and no one shall appear before me empty.

• NET Bible® (New English Translation)

  You are to observe the Feast of Unleavened Bread; seven days you must eat bread made without yeast, as I commanded you, at the appointed time of the month of Abib, for at that time you came out of Egypt. No one may appear before me empty-handed.

Referenced Verses

• Exod 34:20 : 20 You must redeem the firstborn of a donkey with a lamb, and if you do not redeem it, you are to break its neck. You must redeem all the firstborn of your sons. No one is to appear before Me empty-handed.
• Deut 16:16 : 16 Three times a year all your males are to appear before the Lord your God at the place He will choose: during the Festival of Unleavened Bread, the Festival of Weeks, and the Festival of Tabernacles. No one is to appear before the Lord empty-handed.
• Num 28:16-25 : 16 In the first month, on the fourteenth day of the month, is the Passover to the LORD. 17 On the fifteenth day of this month there is to be a festival. For seven days, unleavened bread is to be eaten. 18 The first day shall be a sacred assembly. You are not to do any regular work. 19 Present a fire offering as a burnt offering to the LORD: two young bulls, one ram, and seven unblemished year-old lambs. 20 With each bull, prepare a grain offering of three-tenths of an ephah of fine flour mixed with oil; with each ram, prepare two-tenths. 21 Prepare one-tenth of an ephah of fine flour mixed with oil for each of the seven lambs. 22 Also, present one male goat as a sin offering to make atonement for you. 23 These offerings are in addition to the regular morning burnt offering. 24 Prepare these offerings each day for seven days as food offerings presented by fire, a pleasing aroma to the LORD. They are to be offered in addition to the regular burnt offering and its drink offering. 25 On the seventh day, you shall have a sacred assembly. You must not do any regular work.
• Deut 16:1-8 : 1 Observe the month of Abib and celebrate the Passover to the Lord your God, for it was in the month of Abib that the Lord your God brought you out of Egypt by night. 2 You shall sacrifice the Passover offering to the Lord your God, from your flock and herd, in the place where the Lord chooses to place His name. 3 Do not eat leavened bread with it. For seven days, eat unleavened bread, the bread of affliction, because you left Egypt in haste. This is so that you may remember the day you came out of Egypt all the days of your life. 4 No leaven is to be seen in your territory for seven days, nor is any of the meat from the sacrifice eaten in the evening of the first day to remain overnight until morning. 5 You must not sacrifice the Passover offering in any of the towns that the Lord your God is giving you. 6 Only at the place the Lord your God chooses as His dwelling for His name shall you sacrifice the Passover offering, in the evening, at sunset, at the time you left Egypt. 7 Roast it and eat it in the place the Lord your God chooses. Then in the morning, return to your tents. 8 For six days you shall eat unleavened bread, and on the seventh day there shall be a solemn assembly to the Lord your God. You must not do any work.
• Josh 5:10-11 : 10 The Israelites camped at Gilgal, and on the evening of the fourteenth day of the month, on the plains of Jericho, they celebrated the Passover. 11 The day after the Passover, they ate some of the produce of the land: unleavened bread and roasted grain on that very day.
• 2 Kgs 23:21-23 : 21 The king commanded all the people, 'Celebrate the Passover to the LORD your God as it is written in the Book of the Covenant.' 22 For no Passover like it had been observed since the days of the judges who ruled Israel, or throughout all the days of the kings of Israel and Judah. 23 But in the eighteenth year of King Josiah, this Passover was celebrated to the LORD in Jerusalem.
• Prov 3:9-9 : 9 Honor the LORD with your wealth and from the firstfruits of all your produce. 10 Then your barns will be filled with plenty, and your vats will overflow with new wine.
• Mark 14:12 : 12 On the first day of the Festival of Unleavened Bread, when it was customary to sacrifice the Passover lamb, Jesus' disciples asked him, "Where do you want us to go and prepare the Passover meal for you to eat?"
• Luke 22:7 : 7 Then the day of Unleavened Bread came, on which the Passover lamb was to be sacrificed.
• 1 Cor 5:7-8 : 7 Clean out the old yeast so that you may be a new batch of dough, just as you are unleavened. For Christ, our Passover lamb, has been sacrificed. 8 Therefore, let us celebrate the feast, not with the old yeast, the yeast of malice and wickedness, but with the unleavened bread of sincerity and truth.
• Lev 23:5-8 : 5 The Lord's Passover begins at twilight on the fourteenth day of the first month. 6 On the fifteenth day of the same month is the Festival of Unleavened Bread to the Lord. For seven days you must eat unleavened bread. 7 On the first day, hold a holy assembly; you must not do any regular work. 8 For seven days you are to present a fire offering to the Lord. On the seventh day, hold a holy assembly; you must not do any regular work.
• Lev 23:10 : 10 Speak to the Israelites and tell them: When you enter the land that I am giving you and you harvest its crops, you must bring the first sheaf of your harvest to the priest.
• Num 9:2-9 : 2 Let the people of Israel observe the Passover at its appointed time. 3 On the fourteenth day of this month, at twilight, you shall observe it at its appointed time, following all its statutes and all its regulations. 4 So Moses told the people of Israel to keep the Passover. 5 And they kept the Passover in the first month, on the fourteenth day of the month, at twilight, in the wilderness of Sinai, just as the LORD had commanded Moses, so the people of Israel did. 6 There were some men who were unclean because of contact with a dead body, and they could not keep the Passover on that day. They came before Moses and Aaron on that day, 7 and those men said to him, "We are unclean because of contact with a dead body. Why should we be excluded from presenting the LORD's offering at its appointed time with the rest of the people of Israel?" 8 Moses said to them, "Wait here, and I will listen for what the LORD will command concerning you." 9 And the LORD spoke to Moses, saying: 10 Speak to the people of Israel and say: If any one of you or your descendants is unclean because of contact with a dead body, or is on a journey far away, he may still observe the Passover to the LORD. 11 In the second month, on the fourteenth day, at twilight, they shall observe it. They shall eat it with unleavened bread and bitter herbs. 12 They shall leave none of it until morning, nor break any of its bones. They shall observe it according to all the statutes of the Passover. 13 But if anyone who is clean and is not on a journey fails to observe the Passover, that person shall be cut off from his people because he did not present the LORD's offering at its appointed time. That person shall bear his sin. 14 If a foreigner resides with you and wants to observe the Passover to the LORD, he must do so according to its statute and its ordinance. There shall be one statute for both you and the foreigner who resides among you.
• Exod 12:14-28 : 14 This day shall be a memorial for you, and you shall celebrate it as a feast to the LORD; throughout your generations, as a perpetual ordinance, you shall celebrate it. 15 For seven days you shall eat unleavened bread. On the first day, remove leaven from your houses, for whoever eats anything leavened from the first day until the seventh day must be cut off from Israel. 16 On the first day you shall hold a sacred assembly, and on the seventh day also a sacred assembly. No work shall be done on those days, except what each person must eat—that alone may be prepared by you. 17 You shall observe the Feast of Unleavened Bread, for on this very day I brought your hosts out of the land of Egypt. Therefore, you shall observe this day throughout your generations as a perpetual ordinance. 18 From the evening of the fourteenth day of the first month until the evening of the twenty-first day, you shall eat unleavened bread. 19 For seven days no leaven shall be found in your houses, for whoever eats anything leavened, that person shall be cut off from the community of Israel, whether they are a foreigner or a native of the land. 20 You shall eat nothing leavened; in all your dwellings, you shall eat unleavened bread. 21 Then Moses summoned all the elders of Israel and said to them, 'Go at once and select the animals for your families and slaughter the Passover lamb.' 22 Take a bunch of hyssop, dip it in the blood that is in the basin, and apply some of the blood to the lintel and the two doorposts. None of you shall go out of the door of your house until morning. 23 For the LORD will pass through to strike the Egyptians, and when He sees the blood on the lintel and the two doorposts, the LORD will pass over the door and will not allow the destroyer to enter your houses to strike you. 24 You shall observe this event as a statute for you and your children forever. 25 When you enter the land that the LORD will give you as He promised, you are to observe this ceremony. 26 When your children ask you, 'What does this ceremony mean to you?' 27 You are to reply, 'It is the Passover sacrifice to the LORD, who passed over the houses of the Israelites in Egypt when He struck the Egyptians and spared our homes.' Then the people bowed down and worshiped. 28 The Israelites went and did just as the LORD had commanded Moses and Aaron.
• Exod 12:43-49 : 43 The LORD said to Moses and Aaron: This is the statute of the Passover: No foreigner is to eat of it. 44 But any slave who has been purchased may eat of it after you have circumcised him. 45 A temporary resident or hired servant may not eat of it. 46 It must be eaten in a single house; you are not to take any of the meat outside the house, and you must not break any of its bones. 47 The whole community of Israel must celebrate it. 48 If an alien resides among you and wants to observe the LORD's Passover, every male in his household must be circumcised, and then he may come near to observe it, and he shall be like a native of the land. But no uncircumcised person may eat it. 49 The same law applies to the native-born and to the foreigner residing among you.
• Exod 13:4 : 4 Today, in the month of Abib, you are leaving.
• Exod 13:6-7 : 6 For seven days you are to eat unleavened bread, and on the seventh day, there shall be a festival to the LORD. 7 Unleavened bread is to be eaten for seven days; no leavened bread is to be seen among you, nor shall any yeast be seen anywhere within your borders.
• Exod 34:18 : 18 You are to observe the Feast of Unleavened Bread. For seven days you are to eat unleavened bread, as I commanded you, at the appointed time in the month of Abib, because in the month of Abib you came out of Egypt.