- *hălōʾ*
- interrogative particle + negative particle - is not?
- *keḵarkeměôš*
- preposition + proper noun - like Carchemish
- *kalnô*
- proper noun - Calno
- *ʾim*
- conjunction - if
- *lōʾ*
- negative particle - not
- *keʾarpad*
- preposition + proper noun - like Arpad
- *ḥămāt*
- proper noun - Hamath
- *ḵedammeśeq*
- preposition + proper noun - like Damascus
- *šōmerôn*
- proper noun - Samaria