Verse 13

{ "verseID": "Habakkuk.1.13", "source": "טְה֤וֹר עֵינַ֙יִם֙ מֵרְא֣וֹת רָ֔ע וְהַבִּ֥יט אֶל־עָמָ֖ל לֹ֣א תוּכָ֑ל לָ֤מָּה תַבִּיט֙ בּֽוֹגְדִ֔ים תַּחֲרִ֕ישׁ בְּבַלַּ֥ע רָשָׁ֖ע צַדִּ֥יק מִמֶּֽנּוּ׃", "text": "*Ṭəhôr* *ʿênayim* from-*mērəʾôṯ* *rāʿ* and-*habbîṭ* to-*ʿāmāl* not *ṯûḵāl* why *tabbîṭ* *bôḡəḏîm* *taḥărîš* when-*bəballaʿ* *rāšāʿ* *ṣaddîq* than-him", "grammar": { "*ṭəhôr*": "adjective, masculine singular - pure/clean", "*ʿênayim*": "noun, feminine dual construct - eyes of", "*mērəʾôṯ*": "preposition + Qal infinitive construct - from seeing", "*rāʿ*": "adjective, masculine singular - evil", "*wə-habbîṭ*": "conjunction + Hiphil infinitive construct - and to look", "*ʾel-ʿāmāl*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular - at trouble/misery", "*lōʾ ṯûḵāl*": "negative particle + verb, Qal imperfect, 2nd person masculine singular - you cannot", "*lāmmāh*": "interrogative adverb - why", "*tabbîṭ*": "verb, Hiphil imperfect, 2nd person masculine singular - you look", "*bôḡəḏîm*": "verb, Qal participle, masculine plural - treacherous ones", "*taḥărîš*": "verb, Hiphil imperfect, 2nd person masculine singular - you are silent", "*bəballaʿ*": "preposition + Piel infinitive construct - when swallows up", "*rāšāʿ*": "adjective, masculine singular - wicked person", "*ṣaddîq*": "adjective, masculine singular - righteous person", "*mimmenû*": "preposition + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - than him" }, "variants": { "*ṭəhôr*": "pure/clean/clear", "*ʿênayim*": "eyes/sight", "*mērəʾôṯ*": "from seeing/from looking at", "*rāʿ*": "evil/bad/wrong/harm", "*habbîṭ*": "to look/to gaze/to observe", "*ʿāmāl*": "trouble/misery/toil/mischief", "*ṯûḵāl*": "you can/you are able", "*tabbîṭ*": "you look/you gaze/you observe", "*bôḡəḏîm*": "treacherous ones/faithless ones/traitors", "*taḥărîš*": "you are silent/you remain quiet/you hold your peace", "*bəballaʿ*": "when swallows up/when devours", "*rāšāʿ*": "wicked person/unrighteous one", "*ṣaddîq*": "righteous person/just one" } }

Other Translations

• GT, oversatt fra Hebraisk

  Dine øyne er rene og kan ikke tåle å se på urett; hvorfor ser du da slik på de tro på svik? Hvorfor forblir du taus når den onde fortærer en mer rettferdig enn seg selv?

• Moderne oversettelse av Bibelen fra 1611 KJV med hebraisk kontekst

  Dine øyne er for rene til å se det onde, du kan ikke se på urett; hvorfor gir du akt på de svikfulle, og tier når den ugudelige fortærer en som er mer rettferdig enn han?

• Norsk King James

  Du har renere øyne enn å se det onde, og du kan ikke skue på urett; hvorfor ser du da på dem som handler urettferdig, og tier mens de onde fortærer mannen som er mer rettferdig enn dem?

• Modernisert Norsk Bibel 1866

  Dine øyne er for rene til å se det onde, du kan ikke stå urett ut; hvorfor ser du da på de troløse i stillhet mens den onde sluker en mer rettferdig enn seg selv?

• Oversettelse av hebraiske Bibeltekster til moderne norsk bokmål

  Dine øyne er for rene til å se på det onde, og du kan ikke se på urett. Hvorfor ser du på forrædere, og tier når den ugudelige ødelegger en som er mer rettferdig enn ham?

• Bibelen: En Moderne Oversettelse av King James Version 1611

  Dine øyne er for rene til å se ondskap, og du kan ikke se på urett. Hvorfor ser du på de troløse og tier når den onde fortærer en som er mer rettferdig enn han?

• o3-mini KJV Norsk

  Du har renere øyne enn å se ondskap, og du tåler ikke urett; hvorfor ser du da på de som handler forrædersk, og holder tungen stille mens den onde fortærer den som er mer rettferdig enn han?

• En Moderne Oversettelse av King James Version 1611 (mar 2025)

  Dine øyne er for rene til å se ondskap, og du kan ikke se på urett. Hvorfor ser du på de troløse og tier når den onde fortærer en som er mer rettferdig enn han?

• Lingvistisk bibeloversettelse fra grunntekst

  Dine øyne er for rene til å se på det onde; ulykke kan du ikke se på. Hvorfor ser du da på de troløse, og tier når de ugudelige fortærer de som er mer rettferdige enn de?

• Linguistic Bible Translation from Source Texts

  Your eyes are too pure to look on evil, and You cannot tolerate wrongdoing. So why do You tolerate the treacherous? Why are You silent while the wicked swallow up those more righteous than themselves?

• GT, oversatt fra hebraisk Aug2024

  Dine øyne er for rene til å se på det onde, og du kan ikke se på urett. Hvorfor ser du da på forræderne og tier når den onde oppsluker en rettferdigere enn ham selv?

• Original Norsk Bibel 1866

  (Dine) Øine ere renere, end at du gjerne seer Ondt, og du kan ikke skue Møie; hvorfor skulde du da skue de Troløse (og) tie, naar en Ugudelig opsluger en Retfærdigere end han?

• King James Version 1769 (Standard Version)

  Thou art of purer eyes than to behold evil, and canst not look on iniquity: wherefore lookest thou upon them that deal treacherously, and holdest thy tongue when the wicked devoureth the man that is more righteous than he?

• KJV 1769 norsk

  Du med renere øyne enn å se ondskap, og som ikke tåler å se urett, hvorfor ser du da på når forrædere handler, og tier når den onde fortærer en mer rettferdig enn han er?

• KJV1611 - Moderne engelsk

  You are of purer eyes than to behold evil and cannot look on wickedness. Why do You look on those who deal treacherously and hold Your tongue when the wicked devours a man more righteous than he?

• King James Version 1611 (Original)

  Thou art of purer eyes than to behold evil, and canst not look on iniquity: wherefore lookest thou upon them that deal treacherously, and holdest thy tongue when the wicked devoureth the man that is more righteous than he?

• Norsk oversettelse av Webster

  Du som har renere øyne enn å se ondt, og som ikke kan se på ondskap, hvorfor tåler du dem som handler svikefullt, og er stille når de onde sluker den som er mer rettferdig enn dem selv,

• Norsk oversettelse av Youngs Literal Translation

  Renere øyne enn at du kan se det onde, du kan ikke se urett, hvorfor ser du på svikefulle, og tier når den onde sluker den som er rettferdigere enn ham?

• Norsk oversettelse av ASV1901

  Du som har rene øyne og ikke kan se på ondskap, hvorfor ser du på de troløse og tier når de onde oppsluker mannen som er mer rettferdig enn han?

• Norsk oversettelse av BBE

  For dine hellige øyne kan ikke se på synd, du kan ikke tåle urett; hvorfor ser du da på løgner? Hvorfor tier du når den onde tilintetgjør den som er mer rettferdig enn ham?

• Coverdale Bible (1535)

  Thine eyes are clene, thou mayest not se euell, thou canst not beholde ye thinge that is wicked. Wherfore then dost thou loke vpon the vngodly, and holdest thy tunge, when the wicked deuoureth the man that is better the himself?

• Geneva Bible (1560)

  Thou art of pure eyes, and canst not see euill: thou canst not behold wickednesse: wherefore doest thou looke vpon the transgressors, and holdest thy tongue when the wicked deuoureth the man, that is more righteous then he?

• Bishops' Bible (1568)

  Thou art of pure eyes, and canst not see euyl, thou canst not behold wickednesse: wherfore then doest thou loke vpo the transgressours, and holdest thy tongue, when the wicked deuoureth the man that is more righteous then he?

• Authorized King James Version (1611)

  [Thou art] of purer eyes than to behold evil, and canst not look on iniquity: wherefore lookest thou upon them that deal treacherously, [and] holdest thy tongue when the wicked devoureth [the man that is] more righteous than he?

• Webster's Bible (1833)

  You who have purer eyes than to see evil, and who cannot look on perversity, why do you tolerate those who deal treacherously, and keep silent when the wicked swallows up the man who is more righteous than he,

• Young's Literal Translation (1862/1898)

  Purer of eyes than to behold evil, To look on perverseness Thou art not able, Why dost Thou behold the treacherous? Thou keepest silent when the wicked Doth swallow the more righteous than he,

• American Standard Version (1901)

  Thou that art of purer eyes than to behold evil, and that canst not look on perverseness, wherefore lookest thou upon them that deal treacherously, and holdest thy peace when the wicked swalloweth up the man that is more righteous than he;

• Bible in Basic English (1941)

  Before your holy eyes sin may not be seen, and you are unable to put up with wrong; why, then, are your eyes on the false? why do you say nothing when the evil-doer puts an end to one who is more upright than himself?

• World English Bible (2000)

  You who have purer eyes than to see evil, and who cannot look on perversity, why do you tolerate those who deal treacherously, and keep silent when the wicked swallows up the man who is more righteous than he,

• NET Bible® (New English Translation)

  You are too just to tolerate evil; you are unable to condone wrongdoing. So why do you put up with such treacherous people? Why do you say nothing when the wicked devour those more righteous than they are?

Referenced Verses

• Ps 34:15-16 : 15 { "verseID": "Psalms.34.15", "source": "ס֣וּר מֵ֭רָע וַעֲשֵׂה־ט֑וֹב בַּקֵּ֖שׁ שָׁל֣וֹם וְרָדְפֵֽהוּ׃", "text": "*Sûr* from *rāʿ* and do-*ṭôb* *baqqēš* *šālôm* *wərādpēhû*", "grammar": { "*Sûr*": "Qal imperative masculine singular - turn aside", "*rāʿ*": "adjective masculine singular - evil", "*waʿăśēh*": "conjunction with Qal imperative masculine singular - and do", "*ṭôb*": "adjective masculine singular - good", "*baqqēš*": "Piel imperative masculine singular - seek", "*šālôm*": "noun masculine singular - peace", "*wərādpēhû*": "conjunction with Qal imperative masculine singular with 3rd masculine singular suffix - and pursue it" }, "variants": { "*Sûr*": "turn aside/depart/avoid", "*rāʿ*": "evil/bad/harmful", "*ṭôb*": "good/pleasant/beneficial", "*baqqēš*": "seek/search for/request", "*šālôm*": "peace/completeness/welfare", "*wərādpēhû*": "and pursue it/chase it/follow after it" } } 16 { "verseID": "Psalms.34.16", "source": "עֵינֵ֣י יְ֭הוָה אֶל־צַדִּיקִ֑ים וְ֝אָזְנָ֗יו אֶל־שַׁוְעָתָֽם׃", "text": "Eyes of *YHWH* to *ṣaddîqîm* *wəʾoznāyw* to *šawʿātām*", "grammar": { "*ʿênê*": "noun feminine dual construct - eyes of", "*YHWH*": "divine name", "*ṣaddîqîm*": "adjective masculine plural - righteous ones", "*wəʾoznāyw*": "conjunction with noun feminine dual with 3rd masculine singular suffix - and his ears", "*šawʿātām*": "noun feminine singular with 3rd masculine plural suffix - their cry" }, "variants": { "*ʿênê*": "eyes of/sight of/attention of", "*ṣaddîqîm*": "righteous ones/just ones/innocent ones", "*šawʿātām*": "their cry/their call for help/their supplication" } }
• Ps 35:22 : 22 { "verseID": "Psalms.35.22", "source": "רָאִ֣יתָה יְ֭הוָה אַֽל־תֶּחֱרַ֑שׁ אֲ֝דֹנָ֗י אֲל־תִּרְחַ֥ק מִמֶּֽנִּי׃", "text": "*Rāʾîtāh* *Yahweh*, *ʾal*-*teḥĕraš*; *ʾĂdōnāy*, *ʾal*-*tirḥaq* *mimmennî*.", "grammar": { "*Rāʾîtāh*": "perfect, 2nd person masculine singular - you have seen", "*Yahweh*": "divine name, vocative position", "*ʾal*": "negative particle - not/do not", "*teḥĕraš*": "imperfect jussive, 2nd person masculine singular - be silent", "*ʾĂdōnāy*": "noun, masculine singular construct with 1st person singular suffix - my Lord", "*ʾal*": "negative particle - not/do not", "*tirḥaq*": "imperfect jussive, 2nd person masculine singular - be far", "*mimmennî*": "preposition with 1st person singular suffix - from me" }, "variants": { "*Rāʾîtāh*": "you have seen/observed/witnessed", "*teḥĕraš*": "be silent/keep quiet/hold your peace", "*ʾĂdōnāy*": "my Lord/Master", "*tirḥaq*": "be far/distant/remote", "*mimmennî*": "from me/away from me" } }
• Ps 50:21 : 21 { "verseID": "Psalms.50.21", "source": "אֵ֤לֶּה עָשִׂ֨יתָ ׀ וְֽהֶחֱרַ֗שְׁתִּי דִּמִּ֗יתָ הֱֽיוֹת־אֶֽהְיֶ֥ה כָמ֑וֹךָ אוֹכִיחֲךָ֖ וְאֶֽעֶרְכָ֣ה לְעֵינֶֽיךָ׃", "text": "These *asita* *wecherashti* *dimmita* being-*ehyeh* like-you *ochiacha* and-*e'erchah* before-*einecha*", "grammar": { "*asita*": "verb, Qal perfect, 2nd person masculine singular - you did", "*wecherashti*": "verb, Hiphil perfect, 1st person singular with waw conjunction - and I kept silent", "*dimmita*": "verb, Piel perfect, 2nd person masculine singular - you thought", "*ehyeh*": "verb, Qal imperfect, 1st person singular - I will be", "*ochiacha*": "verb, Hiphil imperfect, 1st person singular with 2nd person masculine singular suffix - I will reprove you", "*e'erchah*": "verb, Qal imperfect cohortative, 1st person singular - I will arrange/set in order", "*einecha*": "noun, feminine, dual with 2nd person masculine singular suffix - your eyes" }, "variants": { "*dimmita*": "you thought/imagined/considered", "*ochiacha*": "I will reprove you/rebuke you/correct you", "*e'erchah*": "I will set in order/arrange/lay out [the case]" } }
• Ps 10:15 : 15 { "verseID": "Psalms.10.15", "source": "שְׁ֭בֹר זְר֣וֹעַ רָשָׁ֑ע וָ֝רָ֗ע תִּֽדְרוֹשׁ־רִשְׁע֥וֹ בַל־תִּמְצָֽא׃", "text": "*šĕbōr* *zĕrôaʿ* *rāšāʿ* *wārāʿ* *tidrôš-rišʿô* *bal-timṣāʾ*", "grammar": { "*šĕbōr*": "qal imperative masculine singular - break/shatter", "*zĕrôaʿ*": "noun feminine singular construct - arm of", "*rāšāʿ*": "noun masculine singular - wicked person", "*wārāʿ*": "conjunction + adjective masculine singular - and evil", "*tidrôš*": "qal imperfect 2nd person masculine singular - you seek/inquire", "*rišʿô*": "noun masculine singular + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his wickedness", "*bal*": "negative particle - not", "*timṣāʾ*": "qal imperfect 2nd person masculine singular - you find" }, "variants": { "*šĕbōr*": "break/shatter/destroy", "*zĕrôaʿ*": "arm/strength/power", "*rāšāʿ*": "wicked person/evildoer", "*rāʿ*": "evil/bad/wicked", "*tidrôš*": "seek/inquire/search out", "*rešaʿ*": "wickedness/evil/guilt", "*timṣāʾ*": "find/discover/encounter" } }
• Jer 12:1-2 : 1 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.12.1", "source": "צַדִּ֤יק אַתָּה֙ יְהוָ֔ה כִּ֥י אָרִ֖יב אֵלֶ֑יךָ אַ֤ךְ מִשְׁפָּטִים֙ אֲדַבֵּ֣ר אוֹתָ֔ךְ מַדּ֗וּעַ דֶּ֤רֶךְ רְשָׁעִים֙ צָלֵ֔חָה שָׁל֖וּ כָּל־בֹּ֥גְדֵי בָֽגֶד׃", "text": "*ṣaddîq* you *YHWH* when I *ʾārîb* to-you, *ʾak* *mišpāṭîm* I-will-*dābēr* with-you, *maddûaʿ* *derek* *rešāʿîm* *ṣālēḥāh* *šālû* all-*bōgdê* *bāged*", "grammar": { "*ṣaddîq*": "adjective, masculine singular - righteous", "*YHWH*": "divine name - LORD", "*ʾārîb*": "verb, Qal imperfect, 1st person singular - I contend/plead", "*ʾak*": "adverb - only, yet, nevertheless", "*mišpāṭîm*": "noun, masculine plural - judgments/cases", "*dābēr*": "verb, Piel imperfect, 1st person singular - speak/plead", "*maddûaʿ*": "interrogative adverb - why", "*derek*": "noun, masculine singular construct - way/path", "*rešāʿîm*": "adjective, masculine plural - wicked ones", "*ṣālēḥāh*": "verb, Qal perfect, 3rd feminine singular - prospers", "*šālû*": "verb, Qal perfect, 3rd person plural - are at ease/prosperous", "*bōgdê*": "verb, Qal participle, masculine plural construct - those betraying", "*bāged*": "noun, masculine singular - treachery/betrayal" }, "variants": { "*ʾārîb*": "contend/plead/bring a case", "*mišpāṭîm*": "judgments/cases/legal matters", "*derek*": "way/path/conduct", "*ṣālēḥāh*": "prospers/succeeds/is successful", "*šālû*": "are at ease/are secure/prosper", "*bōgdê bāged*": "treacherous betrayers/faithless traitors" } } 2 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.12.2", "source": "נְטַעְתָּם֙ גַּם־שֹׁרָ֔שׁוּ יֵלְכ֖וּ גַּם־עָ֣שׂוּ פֶ֑רִי קָר֤וֹב אַתָּה֙ בְּפִיהֶ֔ם וְרָח֖וֹק מִכִּלְיוֹתֵיהֶֽם׃", "text": "You-have-*nəṭaʿtām* *gam*-*šōrāšû* they-*yēlkû* *gam*-*ʿāśû* *perî* *qārôb* you in-*pîhem* *wə*-*rāḥôq* from-*kilyôtêhem*", "grammar": { "*nəṭaʿtām*": "verb, Qal perfect, 2nd person masculine singular with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - you have planted them", "*gam*": "particle - also, moreover", "*šōrāšû*": "verb, Pual perfect, 3rd person plural - they are rooted/take root", "*yēlkû*": "verb, Qal imperfect, 3rd person plural - they go/grow", "*ʿāśû*": "verb, Qal perfect, 3rd person plural - they make/produce", "*perî*": "noun, masculine singular - fruit", "*qārôb*": "adjective, masculine singular - near", "*pîhem*": "noun, masculine singular construct with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - their mouth", "*wə*": "conjunction - and", "*rāḥôq*": "adjective, masculine singular - far", "*kilyôtêhem*": "noun, feminine plural construct with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - their kidneys/innermost being" }, "variants": { "*šōrāšû*": "take root/become rooted", "*yēlkû*": "go/grow/spread", "*ʿāśû perî*": "produce fruit/bear fruit", "*kilyôtêhem*": "kidneys/innermost being/hearts/minds" } }
• Acts 3:13-15 : 13 { "verseID": "Acts.3.13", "source": "Ὁ Θεὸς Ἀβραὰμ, καὶ Ἰσαὰκ, καὶ Ἰακώβ, ὁ Θεὸς τῶν πατέρων ἡμῶν, ἐδόξασεν τὸν Παῖδα αὐτοῦ Ἰησοῦν· ὃν ὑμεῖς παρεδώκατε, καὶ ἠρνήσασθε αὐτὸν κατὰ πρόσωπον Πιλάτου, κρίναντος ἐκείνου ἀπολύειν.", "text": "The *Theos* of *Abraham*, and *Isaak*, and *Iakōb*, the *Theos* of the *paterōn* of us, *edoxasen* the *Paida* of him *Iēsoun*; whom you *paredōkate*, and *ērnēsasthe* him according to *prosōpon* of *Pilatou*, having *krinantos* that one to *apolyein*.", "grammar": { "*Theos*": "nominative masculine singular - God", "*paterōn*": "genitive masculine plural - fathers", "*edoxasen*": "aorist active indicative, 3rd person singular - glorified", "*Paida*": "accusative masculine singular - Servant/Child", "*Iēsoun*": "accusative masculine singular - Jesus", "*paredōkate*": "aorist active indicative, 2nd person plural - you delivered over", "*ērnēsasthe*": "aorist middle indicative, 2nd person plural - you denied", "*prosōpon*": "accusative neuter singular - face/presence", "*Pilatou*": "genitive masculine singular - Pilate", "*krinantos*": "aorist active participle, genitive masculine singular - having decided", "*apolyein*": "present active infinitive - to release" }, "variants": { "*Paida*": "Servant/Child/Son", "*paredōkate*": "delivered over/handed over/betrayed", "*ērnēsasthe*": "denied/disowned/rejected", "*prosōpon*": "face/presence/person" } } 14 { "verseID": "Acts.3.14", "source": "Ὑμεῖς δὲ τὸν Ἅγιον καὶ Δίκαιον ἠρνήσασθε, καὶ ᾐτήσασθε ἄνδρα φονέα χαρισθῆναι ὑμῖν·", "text": "You *de* the *Hagion* and *Dikaion* *ērnēsasthe*, and *ētēsasthe* *andra* *phonea* to be *charisthēnai* to you;", "grammar": { "*de*": "postpositive particle - but/and", "*Hagion*": "accusative masculine singular - Holy One", "*Dikaion*": "accusative masculine singular - Righteous One", "*ērnēsasthe*": "aorist middle indicative, 2nd person plural - you denied", "*ētēsasthe*": "aorist middle indicative, 2nd person plural - you requested", "*andra*": "accusative masculine singular - man", "*phonea*": "accusative masculine singular - murderer", "*charisthēnai*": "aorist passive infinitive - to be granted as a favor" }, "variants": { "*ērnēsasthe*": "denied/disowned/rejected", "*ētēsasthe*": "requested/asked for/demanded", "*phonea*": "murderer/killer", "*charisthēnai*": "to be granted as a favor/to be given as a gift" } } 15 { "verseID": "Acts.3.15", "source": "Τὸν δὲ Ἀρχηγὸν τῆς ζωῆς ἀπεκτείνατε, ὃν ὁ Θεὸς ἤγειρεν ἐκ νεκρῶν· οὗ ἡμεῖς μάρτυρές ἐσμεν.", "text": "The *de* *Archēgon* of the *zōēs* you *apekteinate*, whom the *Theos* *ēgeiren* from *nekrōn*; of whom we *martyres* *esmen*.", "grammar": { "*de*": "postpositive particle - but/and", "*Archēgon*": "accusative masculine singular - Author/Prince/Leader", "*zōēs*": "genitive feminine singular - life", "*apekteinate*": "aorist active indicative, 2nd person plural - you killed", "*Theos*": "nominative masculine singular - God", "*ēgeiren*": "aorist active indicative, 3rd person singular - raised", "*nekrōn*": "genitive masculine plural - dead", "*martyres*": "nominative masculine plural - witnesses", "*esmen*": "present active indicative, 1st person plural - we are" }, "variants": { "*Archēgon*": "Author/Prince/Leader/Originator/Founder", "*apekteinate*": "killed/put to death/murdered", "*nekrōn*": "dead ones/dead people/corpses" } }
• 1 Pet 1:15-16 : 15 { "verseID": "1 Peter.1.15", "source": "Ἀλλὰ κατὰ τὸν καλέσαντα ὑμᾶς ἅγιον, καὶ αὐτοὶ ἅγιοι ἐν πάσῃ ἀναστροφῇ γενήθητε·", "text": "But according to the *kalesanta* you *hagion*, also yourselves *hagioi* in all *anastrophē* *genēthēte*;", "grammar": { "*kalesanta*": "aorist, active, participle, accusative, masculine, singular - substantive", "*hagion*": "accusative, masculine, singular - attributive", "*hagioi*": "nominative, masculine, plural - predicate nominative", "*anastrophē*": "dative, feminine, singular - sphere/reference", "*genēthēte*": "aorist, passive, imperative, 2nd person, plural - command" }, "variants": { "*kalesanta*": "having called/invited/summoned", "*hagion*": "holy/set apart/consecrated", "*hagioi*": "holy ones/saints/those set apart", "*anastrophē*": "conduct/behavior/manner of life", "*genēthēte*": "become/be made/be transformed into" } } 16 { "verseID": "1 Peter.1.16", "source": "Διότι γέγραπται, Ἅγιοι γένεσθε· ὅτι ἐγὼ ἅγιος εἰμι.", "text": "Because it has been *gegraptai*, *Hagioi* *genesthe*; because I *hagios* *eimi*.", "grammar": { "*gegraptai*": "perfect, passive, indicative, 3rd person, singular - resultative state", "*Hagioi*": "nominative, masculine, plural - predicate nominative", "*genesthe*": "aorist, middle, imperative, 2nd person, plural - command", "*hagios*": "nominative, masculine, singular - predicate nominative", "*eimi*": "present, active, indicative, 1st person, singular - state of being" }, "variants": { "*gegraptai*": "it has been written/recorded/inscribed", "*Hagioi*": "holy ones/saints/consecrated ones", "*genesthe*": "become/be/be made", "*hagios*": "holy/set apart/consecrated", "*eimi*": "am/exist/live" } }
• Hab 1:3-4 : 3 { "verseID": "Habakkuk.1.3", "source": "לָ֣מָּה תַרְאֵ֤נִי אָ֙וֶן֙ וְעָמָ֣ל תַּבִּ֔יט וְשֹׁ֥ד וְחָמָ֖ס לְנֶגְדִּ֑י וַיְהִ֧י רִ֦יב וּמָד֖וֹן יִשָּֽׂא׃", "text": "Why *tarʾēnî* *ʾāwen* and-*ʿāmāl* *tabbîṭ* and-*šōd* and-*ḥāmās* before-me? *wa-yəhî* *rîḇ* and-*mādôn* *yiśśāʾ*", "grammar": { "*lāmmāh*": "interrogative adverb - why", "*tarʾēnî*": "verb, Hiphil imperfect, 2nd person masculine singular with 1st person singular suffix - you cause me to see", "*ʾāwen*": "noun, masculine singular - iniquity/wickedness", "*wə-ʿāmāl*": "conjunction + noun, masculine singular - and toil/misery/trouble", "*tabbîṭ*": "verb, Hiphil imperfect, 2nd person masculine singular - you look/gaze", "*wə-šōd*": "conjunction + noun, masculine singular - and destruction/violence", "*wə-ḥāmās*": "conjunction + noun, masculine singular - and violence", "*lə-negdî*": "preposition + preposition with 1st person singular suffix - before me", "*wa-yəhî*": "conjunction + verb, Qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - and there is", "*rîḇ*": "noun, masculine singular - strife/dispute", "*û-mādôn*": "conjunction + noun, masculine singular - and contention", "*yiśśāʾ*": "verb, Niphal imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - is lifted up/arises" }, "variants": { "*ʾāwen*": "iniquity/wickedness/trouble/sorrow", "*ʿāmāl*": "toil/misery/trouble/mischief", "*šōd*": "destruction/violence/devastation", "*ḥāmās*": "violence/wrong/injustice", "*rîḇ*": "strife/dispute/controversy/legal case", "*mādôn*": "contention/strife/discord" } } 4 { "verseID": "Habakkuk.1.4", "source": "עַל־כֵּן֙ תָּפ֣וּג תּוֹרָ֔ה וְלֹֽא־יֵצֵ֥א לָנֶ֖צַח מִשְׁפָּ֑ט כִּ֤י רָשָׁע֙ מַכְתִּ֣יר אֶת־הַצַּדִּ֔יק עַל־כֵּ֛ן יֵצֵ֥א מִשְׁפָּ֖ט מְעֻקָּֽל׃", "text": "Therefore *tāp̄ûḡ* *tôrāh* and-not-*yēṣēʾ* to-*lāneṣaḥ* *mišpāṭ* because *rāšāʿ* *maḵtîr* *ʾeṯ*-the-*ṣaddîq* therefore *yēṣēʾ* *mišpāṭ* *məʿuqqāl*", "grammar": { "*ʿal-kēn*": "preposition + adverb - therefore/thus", "*tāp̄ûḡ*": "verb, Qal imperfect, 3rd person feminine singular - grows numb/is slackened", "*tôrāh*": "noun, feminine singular - law/instruction", "*wə-lōʾ-yēṣēʾ*": "conjunction + negative particle + verb, Qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - and not goes forth", "*lāneṣaḥ*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular - to victory/forever/perpetuity", "*mišpāṭ*": "noun, masculine singular - justice/judgment", "*kî*": "conjunction - because/for", "*rāšāʿ*": "adjective, masculine singular - wicked person", "*maḵtîr*": "verb, Hiphil participle, masculine singular - surrounds/encircles", "*ʾeṯ-haṣṣaddîq*": "direct object marker + definite article + noun, masculine singular - the righteous person", "*yēṣēʾ*": "verb, Qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - goes forth", "*məʿuqqāl*": "adjective, masculine singular, Pual participle - distorted/perverted" }, "variants": { "*tāp̄ûḡ*": "grows numb/is slackened/fails/becomes feeble", "*tôrāh*": "law/instruction/teaching", "*lāneṣaḥ*": "to victory/forever/perpetually/completely", "*mišpāṭ*": "justice/judgment/legal decision", "*rāšāʿ*": "wicked person/unrighteous one", "*maḵtîr*": "surrounds/encircles/hemms in", "*ṣaddîq*": "righteous person/just one", "*məʿuqqāl*": "distorted/perverted/twisted" } }
• Acts 2:23 : 23 { "verseID": "Acts.2.23", "source": "Τοῦτον, τῇ ὡρισμένῃ βουλῇ καὶ προγνώσει τοῦ Θεοῦ, ἔκδοτον λαβόντες, διὰ χειρῶν ἀνόμων προσπήξαντες ἀνείλετε:", "text": "*Touton*, by the *hōrismenē boulē* and *prognōsei* of the *Theou*, *ekdoton labontes*, through *cheirōn anomōn prospēxantes aneilete*:", "grammar": { "*Touton*": "accusative, masculine, singular - this one/him", "*hōrismenē*": "perfect passive participle, dative, feminine, singular - having been determined/ordained", "*boulē*": "dative, feminine, singular - purpose/plan/counsel", "*prognōsei*": "dative, feminine, singular - foreknowledge", "*Theou*": "genitive, masculine, singular - of God", "*ekdoton*": "accusative, masculine, singular - delivered over/handed over", "*labontes*": "aorist active participle, nominative, masculine, plural - having taken/received", "*cheirōn*": "genitive, feminine, plural - hands", "*anomōn*": "genitive, masculine, plural - lawless/wicked", "*prospēxantes*": "aorist active participle, nominative, masculine, plural - having fastened/nailed to", "*aneilete*": "aorist active indicative, 2nd person plural - you killed/put to death" }, "variants": { "*hōrismenē*": "determined/ordained/appointed/fixed", "*boulē*": "purpose/plan/counsel/will/design", "*prognōsei*": "foreknowledge/prescience", "*ekdoton*": "delivered over/handed over/betrayed", "*labontes*": "taking/seizing/receiving", "*anomōn*": "lawless/wicked/without law/gentiles", "*prospēxantes*": "fastening/nailing to/fixing upon", "*aneilete*": "killed/put to death/destroyed" } }
• Ps 11:4-7 : 4 { "verseID": "Psalms.11.4", "source": "יְהוָ֤ה ׀ בְּֽהֵ֘יכַ֤ל קָדְשׁ֗וֹ יְהוָה֮ בַּשָּׁמַ֢יִם כִּ֫סְא֥וֹ עֵינָ֥יו יֶחֱז֑וּ עַפְעַפָּ֥יו יִ֝בְחֲנ֗וּ בְּנֵ֣י אָדָֽם׃", "text": "*YHWH* in-*hêḵal* *qoḏšô*, *YHWH* in-the-*šāmayim* *kisʾô*; *ʿênāyw* *yeḥĕzû*, *ʿapʿappāyw* *yiḇḥănû* *bənê* *ʾāḏām*.", "grammar": { "*YHWH*": "divine name - Yahweh/LORD", "*hêḵal*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular construct - in temple of", "*qoḏšô*": "noun, masculine singular construct with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his holiness", "*šāmayim*": "preposition + definite article + noun, masculine plural - in the heavens", "*kisʾô*": "noun, masculine singular construct with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his throne", "*ʿênāyw*": "noun, feminine dual construct with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his eyes", "*yeḥĕzû*": "qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine plural - they see/behold", "*ʿapʿappāyw*": "noun, masculine plural construct with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his eyelids", "*yiḇḥănû*": "qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine plural - they examine/test", "*bənê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - sons of", "*ʾāḏām*": "noun, masculine singular - man/mankind/humanity" }, "variants": { "*hêḵal qoḏšô*": "temple of his holiness/his holy temple", "*šāmayim*": "heavens/sky", "*kisʾô*": "his throne/his seat", "*ʿênāyw*": "his eyes", "*yeḥĕzû*": "they see/behold/observe/watch", "*ʿapʿappāyw*": "his eyelids/his eyelashes/his eyes", "*yiḇḥănû*": "they examine/test/scrutinize/evaluate", "*bənê ʾāḏām*": "sons of man/humanity/mankind/human beings" } } 5 { "verseID": "Psalms.11.5", "source": "יְהוָה֮ צַדִּ֢יק יִ֫בְחָ֥ן וְ֭רָשָׁע וְאֹהֵ֣ב חָמָ֑ס שָֽׂנְאָ֥ה נַפְשֽׁוֹ׃", "text": "*YHWH* *ṣaddîq* *yiḇḥān*, *wə*-*rāšāʿ* *wə*-*ʾōhēḇ* *ḥāmās* *śānəʾāh* *napšô*.", "grammar": { "*YHWH*": "divine name - Yahweh/LORD", "*ṣaddîq*": "adjective/noun, masculine singular - righteous person", "*yiḇḥān*": "qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - he tests/examines", "*wə*": "conjunction - and", "*rāšāʿ*": "adjective/noun, masculine singular - wicked person", "*ʾōhēḇ*": "qal participle, masculine singular - one who loves", "*ḥāmās*": "noun, masculine singular - violence", "*śānəʾāh*": "qal perfect, 3rd person feminine singular - she hates", "*napšô*": "noun, feminine singular construct with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his soul" }, "variants": { "*ṣaddîq*": "righteous one/just person", "*yiḇḥān*": "he tests/examines/scrutinizes", "*rāšāʿ*": "wicked one/evil-doer/unrighteous person", "*ʾōhēḇ*": "one who loves/lover of", "*ḥāmās*": "violence/wrong/injustice/cruelty", "*śānəʾāh*": "she hates/detests", "*napšô*": "his soul/his being/his life/his self" } } 6 { "verseID": "Psalms.11.6", "source": "יַמְטֵ֥ר עַל־רְשָׁעִ֗ים פַּ֫חִ֥ים אֵ֣שׁ וְ֭גָפְרִית וְר֥וּחַ זִלְעָפ֗וֹת מְנָ֣ת כּוֹסָֽם׃", "text": "*yamṭēr* upon-*rəšāʿîm* *paḥîm*, *ʾēš* *wə*-*g̱opəriṯ* *wə*-*rûaḥ* *zilʿāp̱ôṯ* *mənāṯ* *kôsām*.", "grammar": { "*yamṭēr*": "hiphil imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - he will cause to rain", "*rəšāʿîm*": "preposition + noun, masculine plural - upon wicked ones", "*paḥîm*": "noun, masculine plural - snares/traps", "*ʾēš*": "noun, feminine singular - fire", "*wə*": "conjunction - and", "*g̱opəriṯ*": "noun, feminine singular - sulfur/brimstone", "*rûaḥ*": "noun, feminine singular construct - wind/breath of", "*zilʿāp̱ôṯ*": "noun, feminine plural - scorching heat/burning wind", "*mənāṯ*": "noun, feminine singular construct - portion of", "*kôsām*": "noun, masculine singular construct with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - their cup" }, "variants": { "*yamṭēr*": "he will cause to rain/he will send down", "*rəšāʿîm*": "wicked ones/evil-doers/unrighteous", "*paḥîm*": "snares/traps/coals", "*ʾēš*": "fire", "*g̱opəriṯ*": "sulfur/brimstone", "*rûaḥ zilʿāp̱ôṯ*": "scorching wind/burning blast/heat wind", "*mənāṯ kôsām*": "portion of their cup/share of their allotment" } } 7 { "verseID": "Psalms.11.7", "source": "כִּֽי־צַדִּ֣יק יְ֭הוָה צְדָק֣וֹת אָהֵ֑ב יָ֝שָׁ֗ר יֶחֱז֥וּ פָנֵֽימוֹ׃", "text": "For-*ṣaddîq* *YHWH*, *ṣəḏāqôṯ* *ʾāhēḇ*; *yāšār* *yeḥĕzû* *p̱ānêmô*.", "grammar": { "*ṣaddîq*": "conjunction + adjective, masculine singular - for righteous", "*YHWH*": "divine name - Yahweh/LORD", "*ṣəḏāqôṯ*": "noun, feminine plural - righteous acts", "*ʾāhēḇ*": "qal perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - he loves", "*yāšār*": "adjective, masculine singular - upright", "*yeḥĕzû*": "qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine plural - they will see/behold", "*p̱ānêmô*": "noun, masculine plural construct with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his face" }, "variants": { "*ṣaddîq*": "righteous/just/righteous one", "*ṣəḏāqôṯ*": "righteous acts/righteous deeds/righteousness (plural form)", "*ʾāhēḇ*": "he loves/he delights in", "*yāšār*": "upright/straight/honest", "*yeḥĕzû*": "they will see/behold/look upon", "*p̱ānêmô*": "his face/his presence/his countenance" } }
• Ps 56:1-2 : 1 { "verseID": "Psalms.56.1", "source": "לַמְנַצֵּ֤חַ ׀ עַל־י֬וֹנַת אֵ֣לֶם רְ֭חֹקִים לְדָוִ֣ד מִכְתָּ֑ם בֶּֽאֱחֹ֨ז אֹת֖וֹ פְלִשְׁתִּ֣ים בְּגַֽת׃", "text": "To-*mənaṣṣēaḥ* upon-*yônat ʾēlem rəḥōqîm* to-*Dāwid miktām* when-*ʾeḥōz* him *Pəlištîm* in-*Gat*", "grammar": { "*mənaṣṣēaḥ*": "Piel participle masculine singular with lamed prefix - to the director/choirmaster", "*yônat ʾēlem rəḥōqîm*": "construct chain - dove of silence of distant ones/places", "*Dāwid*": "proper name with lamed prefix - to/for/by David", "*miktām*": "masculine singular noun - possibly musical term or golden poem", "*ʾeḥōz*": "infinitive construct with bet prefix - when seized/grasped", "*Pəlištîm*": "proper name, masculine plural - Philistines", "*Gat*": "proper name with bet prefix - in Gath" }, "variants": { "*mənaṣṣēaḥ*": "director/chief musician/choirmaster/overseer", "*yônat ʾēlem rəḥōqîm*": "dove of silent/mute distant places/silent dove of distant places/dove of the distant terebinths", "*miktām*": "golden poem/inscription/writing/covering", "*ʾeḥōz*": "seize/grasp/take hold of/capture" } } 2 { "verseID": "Psalms.56.2", "source": "חָנֵּ֣נִי אֱ֭לֹהִים כִּֽי־שְׁאָפַ֣נִי אֱנ֑וֹשׁ כָּל־הַ֝יּ֗וֹם לֹחֵ֥ם יִלְחָצֵֽנִי׃", "text": "*Ḥānnēnî ʾĕlōhîm* for-*šəʾāpanî ʾĕnôš* all-the-*yôm lōḥēm yilḥāṣēnî*", "grammar": { "*Ḥānnēnî*": "Qal imperative masculine singular with 1st person singular suffix - be gracious to me", "*ʾĕlōhîm*": "masculine plural noun used as singular - God", "*šəʾāpanî*": "Qal perfect 3rd masculine singular with 1st person singular suffix - he pants after me/swallows me up", "*ʾĕnôš*": "masculine singular noun - man/mankind/mortal", "*yôm*": "masculine singular noun with definite article - the day", "*lōḥēm*": "Qal participle masculine singular - fighting/warrior", "*yilḥāṣēnî*": "Qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular with 1st person singular suffix - he oppresses me" }, "variants": { "*Ḥānnēnî*": "be gracious to me/have mercy on me/show favor to me", "*šəʾāpanî*": "pants after me/tramples on me/crushes me/swallows me up", "*ʾĕnôš*": "man/mankind/mortal/human", "*lōḥēm*": "fighter/warrior/one who fights", "*yilḥāṣēnî*": "oppresses me/presses me/crushes me" } }
• Ps 73:3 : 3 { "verseID": "Psalms.73.3", "source": "כִּֽי־קִ֭נֵּאתִי בַּֽהוֹלְלִ֑ים שְׁל֖וֹם רְשָׁעִ֣ים אֶרְאֶֽה׃", "text": "*Ki-kineti ba-holelim*; *shalom resha'im* *er'eh*.", "grammar": { "*Ki-kineti*": "conjunction + verb, piel perfect, 1st person singular - for I was envious", "*ba-holelim*": "preposition + article + participle, poel masculine plural - at/against the boastful/arrogant ones", "*shalom*": "noun, masculine singular construct - prosperity/peace of", "*resha'im*": "noun, masculine plural - wicked ones", "*er'eh*": "verb, qal imperfect, 1st person singular - I would see/I saw" }, "variants": { "*kineti*": "I was envious/jealous", "*holelim*": "boastful/arrogant/foolish ones", "*shalom*": "peace/prosperity/well-being", "*resha'im*": "wicked ones/evil-doers" } }
• Ps 83:1 : 1 { "verseID": "Psalms.83.1", "source": "שִׁ֖יר מִזְמ֣וֹר לְאָסָֽף׃", "text": "*šîr* *mizmôr* *leʾāsāp̄*", "grammar": { "*šîr*": "masculine singular construct - song of", "*mizmôr*": "masculine singular absolute - psalm/melody", "*leʾāsāp̄*": "preposition lamed + proper noun - for/belonging to Asaph" }, "variants": { "*šîr*": "song/hymn/musical composition", "*mizmôr*": "psalm/melody/musical composition", "*leʾāsāp̄*": "for/belonging to/attributed to Asaph" } }
• Prov 31:8-9 : 8 { "verseID": "Proverbs.31.8", "source": "פְּתַח־פִּ֥יךָ לְאִלֵּ֑ם אֶל־דִּ֝֗ין כָּל־בְּנֵ֥י חֲלֽוֹף", "text": "*pĕtaḥ*-*pîkā* *lĕʾillēm* *ʾel*-*dîn* *kol*-*bĕnê* *ḥălôp*", "grammar": { "*pĕtaḥ*": "verb, Qal imperative masculine singular - open", "*pîkā*": "noun, masculine singular with 2nd masculine singular suffix - your mouth", "*lĕʾillēm*": "preposition *lə* + adjective masculine singular - for the mute/speechless", "*ʾel*": "preposition - for/to/concerning", "*dîn*": "noun, masculine singular construct - judgment/cause of", "*kol*": "noun, masculine singular construct - all of", "*bĕnê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - sons of", "*ḥălôp*": "noun, masculine singular - passing away/changing/destruction" }, "variants": { "*pĕtaḥ*": "open/speak up", "*ʾillēm*": "mute/speechless/one who cannot speak", "*dîn*": "judgment/legal claim/cause/rights", "*bĕnê* *ḥălôp*": "sons of passing/children of death/those appointed to die/the defenseless" } } 9 { "verseID": "Proverbs.31.9", "source": "פְּתַח־פִּ֥יךָ שְׁפָט־צֶ֑דֶק וְ֝דִ֗ין עָנִ֥י וְאֶבְיֽוֹן", "text": "*pĕtaḥ*-*pîkā* *šĕpāṭ*-*ṣedeq* *wĕdîn* *ʿānî* *wĕʾebyôn*", "grammar": { "*pĕtaḥ*": "verb, Qal imperative masculine singular - open", "*pîkā*": "noun, masculine singular with 2nd masculine singular suffix - your mouth", "*šĕpāṭ*": "verb, Qal imperative masculine singular - judge", "*ṣedeq*": "noun, masculine singular - righteousness", "*wĕdîn*": "conjunction *wə* + verb, Qal imperative masculine singular - and judge/defend", "*ʿānî*": "adjective masculine singular - poor/afflicted", "*wĕʾebyôn*": "conjunction *wə* + adjective masculine singular - and needy" }, "variants": { "*pĕtaḥ*": "open/speak up", "*šĕpāṭ*": "judge/govern/vindicate", "*ṣedeq*": "righteousness/justice/rightness", "*dîn*": "judge/defend the rights of/plead the cause of", "*ʿānî*": "poor/afflicted/humble/oppressed", "*ʾebyôn*": "needy/poor/destitute" } }
• Isa 21:2 : 2 { "verseID": "Isaiah.21.2", "source": "חָז֥וּת קָשָׁ֖ה הֻגַּד־לִ֑י הַבּוֹגֵ֤ד ׀ בּוֹגֵד֙ וְהַשּׁוֹדֵ֣ד ׀ שׁוֹדֵ֔ד עֲלִ֤י עֵילָם֙ צוּרִ֣י מָדַ֔י כָּל־אַנְחָתָ֖ה הִשְׁבַּֽתִּי׃", "text": "*ḥāzūt* *qāšāh* *huggad*-to me the *bōgēd* *bōgēd* and the *šōdēd* *šōdēd* go up *'ēylām* besiege *māday* all-*'anḥātāh* *hišbattî*", "grammar": { "*ḥāzūt*": "noun, feminine singular - vision/revelation", "*qāšāh*": "adjective, feminine singular - hard/harsh/severe", "*huggad*": "verb, hophal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - was told/declared", "*bōgēd*": "verb participle with definite article, qal active - the treacherous one/betrayer", "*bōgēd*": "verb, qal active participle - betrays/deals treacherously", "*šōdēd*": "verb participle with definite article, qal active - the devastator/plunderer", "*šōdēd*": "verb, qal active participle - devastates/plunders", "*'ēylām*": "proper noun - Elam (region east of Babylon)", "*ṣūrî*": "verb, qal imperative, feminine singular - besiege", "*māday*": "proper noun - Media/Medes", "*'anḥātāh*": "noun, feminine singular with suffix - sighing/groaning", "*hišbattî*": "verb, hiphil perfect, 1st person singular - I have caused to cease/ended" }, "variants": { "*ḥāzūt qāšāh*": "harsh vision/grievous vision/hard prophecy", "*bōgēd bōgēd*": "the betrayer betrays/the treacherous one deals treacherously", "*šōdēd šōdēd*": "the destroyer destroys/the plunderer plunders", "*ṣūrî*": "besiege/attack/lay siege to", "*hišbattî*": "I have ended/I have made to cease/I have caused to stop" } }
• Isa 33:1 : 1 { "verseID": "Isaiah.33.1", "source": "הוֹי שׁוֹדֵד וְאַתָּה לֹא שָׁדוּד וּבוֹגֵד וְלֹא־בָגְדוּ בוֹ כַּהֲתִמְךָ שׁוֹדֵד תּוּשַּׁד כַּנְּלֹתְךָ לִבְגֹּד יִבְגְּדוּ־בָךְ", "text": "*Hôy* *šôdēd* *wə-ʾattāh* not *šādûd* *û-bôgēd* and-not *bāgədû* in-him; when-*hătimməkā* *šôdēd* you-will-be-*tûššad* when-*kənnəlōtəkā* to-*ligbōd* they-will-*yibgədû*-in-you", "grammar": { "*Hôy*": "interjection - woe/alas/ha", "*šôdēd*": "Qal participle, masculine singular - one who devastates/plunders", "*wə-ʾattāh*": "conjunction + 2nd person masculine singular pronoun - and you", "*šādûd*": "Qal passive participle, masculine singular - devastated/plundered", "*û-bôgēd*": "conjunction + Qal participle, masculine singular - and one who betrays/deals treacherously", "*bāgədû*": "Qal perfect, 3rd person plural - they betrayed/dealt treacherously", "*hătimməkā*": "Hiphil infinitive construct + 2nd person masculine singular suffix - your completing/finishing", "*šôdēd*": "Qal participle, masculine singular - devastating/plundering", "*tûššad*": "Hophal imperfect, 2nd person masculine singular - you will be devastated/plundered", "*kənnəlōtəkā*": "preposition + Qal infinitive construct + 2nd person masculine singular suffix - as your completing/ceasing", "*ligbōd*": "preposition + Qal infinitive construct - to betray/deal treacherously", "*yibgədû*": "Qal imperfect, 3rd person plural - they will betray/deal treacherously" }, "variants": { "*Hôy*": "woe/alas/ah/ha", "*šôdēd*": "devastator/plunderer/destroyer/spoiler", "*šādûd*": "devastated/plundered/destroyed/spoiled", "*bôgēd*": "betrayer/treacherous one/one who deals treacherously", "*bāgədû*": "they betrayed/they dealt treacherously", "*hătimməkā*": "when you have finished/when you complete/when you cease", "*tûššad*": "you will be devastated/plundered/destroyed", "*kənnəlōtəkā*": "when you finish/when you cease", "*ligbōd*": "to betray/to deal treacherously", "*yibgədû*": "they will betray/they will deal treacherously" } }
• Ps 37:12-15 : 12 { "verseID": "Psalms.37.12", "source": "זֹמֵ֣ם רָ֭שָׁע לַצַּדִּ֑יק וְחֹרֵ֖ק עָלָ֣יו שִׁנָּֽיו׃", "text": "*zōmēm rāšāʿ* against *ṣaddîq*, and *ḥōrēq* upon him his *šinnāyw*.", "grammar": { "*zōmēm*": "Qal participle, masculine singular - plots/plans", "*rāšāʿ*": "masculine singular adjective/noun - wicked person", "*laṣṣaddîq*": "preposition + definite article + masculine singular adjective/noun - against the righteous person", "*ḥōrēq*": "Qal participle, masculine singular - gnashes", "*ʿālāyw*": "preposition + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - against him", "*šinnāyw*": "feminine plural noun + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his teeth" }, "variants": { "*zōmēm*": "plots/plans/schemes against", "*rāšāʿ*": "wicked person/evil one", "*ṣaddîq*": "righteous person/just one", "*ḥōrēq... šinnāyw*": "gnashes his teeth/grinds his teeth (in rage)" } } 13 { "verseID": "Psalms.37.13", "source": "אֲדֹנָ֥י יִשְׂחַק־ל֑וֹ כִּֽי־רָ֝אָ֗ה כִּֽי־יָבֹ֥א יוֹמֽוֹ׃", "text": "*ʾĂdōnāy* will *yiśḥaq* at him, for he *rāʾâ* that his *yômô* will *yābōʾ*.", "grammar": { "*ʾĂdōnāy*": "proper noun - Lord/my Lord", "*yiśḥaq*": "Qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - he will laugh", "*lô*": "preposition + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - at him", "*kî*": "conjunction - for/because", "*rāʾâ*": "Qal perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - he has seen", "*yābōʾ*": "Qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - it will come", "*yômô*": "masculine singular noun + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his day" }, "variants": { "*yiśḥaq-lô*": "will laugh at him/will mock him/will scorn him", "*rāʾâ*": "has seen/sees/observes", "*yābōʾ yômô*": "his day will come/his time will come/his judgment will come" } } 14 { "verseID": "Psalms.37.14", "source": "חֶ֤רֶב ׀ פָּֽתְח֣וּ רְשָׁעִים֮ וְדָרְכ֢וּ קַ֫שְׁתָּ֥ם לְ֭הַפִּיל עָנִ֣י וְאֶבְי֑וֹן לִ֝טְב֗וֹחַ יִשְׁרֵי־דָֽרֶךְ׃", "text": "*Ḥereb* *pātəḥû rəšāʿîm* and they have bent their *qaštām* to cause to fall *ʿānî wəʾebyôn*, to *liṭbôaḥ yišrê-dārek*.", "grammar": { "*ḥereb*": "feminine singular noun - sword", "*pātəḥû*": "Qal perfect, 3rd person common plural - they have drawn", "*rəšāʿîm*": "masculine plural adjective/noun - wicked ones", "*wədārəkû*": "conjunction + Qal perfect, 3rd person common plural - and they have bent/drawn", "*qaštām*": "feminine singular noun + 3rd person masculine plural suffix - their bow", "*ləhappîl*": "preposition + Hiphil infinitive construct - to cause to fall/to bring down", "*ʿānî*": "masculine singular adjective/noun - poor/afflicted", "*wəʾebyôn*": "conjunction + masculine singular adjective/noun - and needy", "*liṭbôaḥ*": "preposition + Qal infinitive construct - to slaughter/kill", "*yišrê*": "masculine plural construct adjective - upright ones of", "*dārek*": "masculine singular noun - way/path" }, "variants": { "*pātəḥû ḥereb*": "have drawn the sword/have unsheathed the sword", "*dārəkû qaštām*": "have bent their bow/have strung their bow", "*ʿānî wəʾebyôn*": "poor and needy/afflicted and destitute", "*liṭbôaḥ yišrê-dārek*": "to slaughter the upright of way/to kill those who are upright in conduct" } } 15 { "verseID": "Psalms.37.15", "source": "חַ֭רְבָּם תָּב֣וֹא בְלִבָּ֑ם וְ֝קַשְּׁתוֹתָ֗ם תִּשָּׁבַֽרְנָה׃", "text": "Their *ḥarbām* will *tābôʾ* into their own *libbām*, and their *qaššətôtām* will *tiššābarnâ*.", "grammar": { "*ḥarbām*": "feminine singular noun + 3rd person masculine plural suffix - their sword", "*tābôʾ*": "Qal imperfect, 3rd person feminine singular - it will enter", "*bəlibbām*": "preposition + masculine singular noun + 3rd person masculine plural suffix - into their heart", "*qaššətôtām*": "feminine plural noun + 3rd person masculine plural suffix - their bows", "*tiššābarnâ*": "Niphal imperfect, 3rd person feminine plural - they will be broken" }, "variants": { "*tābôʾ bəlibbām*": "will enter their own heart/will pierce their own heart", "*tiššābarnâ*": "will be broken/will be shattered" } }
• Ps 37:32-33 : 32 { "verseID": "Psalms.37.32", "source": "צוֹפֶ֣ה רָ֭שָׁע לַצַּדִּ֑יק וּ֝מְבַקֵּ֗שׁ לַהֲמִיתוֹ׃", "text": "*Ṣôpeh rāšāʿ* for *ṣaddîq*, and *məbaqqēš* to *lăhămîtô*.", "grammar": { "*ṣôpeh*": "Qal participle, masculine singular - watches/spies on", "*rāšāʿ*": "masculine singular adjective/noun - wicked person", "*laṣṣaddîq*": "preposition + definite article + masculine singular adjective/noun - for the righteous person", "*məbaqqēš*": "Piel participle, masculine singular - seeking", "*lăhămîtô*": "preposition + Hiphil infinitive construct + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - to kill him" }, "variants": { "*ṣôpeh*": "watches/spies on/lies in wait for", "*məbaqqēš lăhămîtô*": "seeks to kill him/seeks to put him to death" } } 33 { "verseID": "Psalms.37.33", "source": "יְ֭הוָה לֹא־יַעַזְבֶ֣נּוּ בְיָד֑וֹ וְלֹ֥א יַ֝רְשִׁיעֶ֗נּוּ בְּהִשָּׁפְטֽוֹ׃", "text": "*YHWH* will not *yaʿazbenû* in his *yādô*, and will not *yaršîʿenû* when *bəhiššāpəṭô*.", "grammar": { "*YHWH*": "proper noun - the LORD/Yahweh", "*lōʾ*": "particle of negation - not", "*yaʿazbenû*": "Qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - he will leave him", "*bəyādô*": "preposition + feminine singular noun + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - in his hand", "*yaršîʿenû*": "Hiphil imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - he will condemn him", "*bəhiššāpəṭô*": "preposition + Niphal infinitive construct + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - when he is judged" }, "variants": { "*yaʿazbenû bəyādô*": "will leave him in his hand/will abandon him to his power", "*yaršîʿenû*": "will condemn him/will declare him guilty", "*bəhiššāpəṭô*": "when he is judged/when he stands trial" } }
• Ps 50:3 : 3 { "verseID": "Psalms.50.3", "source": "יָ֤בֹ֥א אֱלֹהֵ֗ינוּ וְֽאַל־יֶ֫חֱרַ֥שׁ אֵשׁ־לְפָנָ֥יו תֹּאכֵ֑ל וּ֝סְבִיבָ֗יו נִשְׂעֲרָ֥ה מְאֹֽד׃", "text": "*Yavo* *Eloheinu* *weal*-*yecherash* *esh*-before-him *tochal* and-*sevivav* *nis'arah* *meod*", "grammar": { "*Yavo*": "verb, Qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - he will come", "*Eloheinu*": "noun, masculine, plural construct with 1st person plural suffix - our God", "*weal*": "conjunction with negative particle - and not", "*yecherash*": "verb, Qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - he will be silent", "*esh*": "noun, feminine, singular - fire", "*tochal*": "verb, Qal imperfect, 3rd person feminine singular - it will devour/consume", "*sevivav*": "preposition with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - around him", "*nis'arah*": "verb, Niphal perfect, 3rd person feminine singular - it stormed/raged", "*meod*": "adverb - very/exceedingly" }, "variants": { "*weal-yecherash*": "and let him not be silent/and he will not keep quiet", "*nis'arah*": "is stormy/tempestuous/rages" } }
• 2 Sam 4:11 : 11 { "verseID": "2 Samuel.4.11", "source": "אַ֞ף כִּֽי־אֲנָשִׁ֣ים רְשָׁעִ֗ים הָרְג֧וּ אֶת־אִישׁ־צַדִּ֛יק בְּבֵית֖וֹ עַל־מִשְׁכָּ֑בוֹ וְעַתָּ֗ה הֲל֨וֹא אֲבַקֵּ֤שׁ אֶת־דָּמוֹ֙ מִיֶּדְכֶ֔ם וּבִעַרְתִּ֥י אֶתְכֶ֖ם מִן־הָאָֽרֶץ׃", "text": "*ʾap* *kî-ʾănāšîm* *rəšāʿîm* *hārgû* *ʾet-ʾîš-ṣaddîq* *bə-bêtô* *ʿal-miškābô* *wə-ʿattāh* *hălôʾ* *ʾăbaqqēš* *ʾet-dāmô* *mi-yedkem* *û-biʿartî* *ʾetkem* *min-hā-ʾāreṣ*", "grammar": { "*ʾap*": "conjunction/adverb - how much more/moreover", "*kî-ʾănāšîm*": "conjunction + noun, masculine plural - when/that men", "*rəšāʿîm*": "adjective, masculine plural - wicked", "*hārgû*": "qal perfect, 3rd plural - killed/have killed", "*ʾet-ʾîš-ṣaddîq*": "direct object marker + noun, masculine singular construct + adjective, masculine singular - a righteous man", "*bə-bêtô*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular with 3rd masculine singular suffix - in his house", "*ʿal-miškābô*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular with 3rd masculine singular suffix - on his bed", "*wə-ʿattāh*": "waw conjunction + adverb - and now", "*hălôʾ*": "interrogative particle - shall not", "*ʾăbaqqēš*": "piel imperfect, 1st common singular - I will require/seek", "*ʾet-dāmô*": "direct object marker + noun, masculine singular with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his blood", "*mi-yedkem*": "preposition + noun, feminine dual with 2nd masculine plural suffix - from your hand", "*û-biʿartî*": "waw consecutive + piel perfect, 1st common singular - and I will destroy/remove", "*ʾetkem*": "direct object marker with 2nd masculine plural suffix - you", "*min-hā-ʾāreṣ*": "preposition + article + noun, feminine singular - from the earth/land" }, "variants": { "*ʾap kî*": "how much more when/moreover when/indeed when", "*ʾăbaqqēš ʾet-dāmô*": "require his blood/avenge his blood/hold you accountable for his blood", "*û-biʿartî*": "destroy/purge/remove/sweep away" } }
• 1 Kgs 2:32 : 32 { "verseID": "1 Kings.2.32", "source": "וְהֵשִׁיב֩ יְהוָ֨ה אֶת־דָּמ֜וֹ עַל־רֹאשׁ֗וֹ אֲשֶׁ֣ר פָּגַ֣ע בִּשְׁנֵֽי־אֲ֠נָשִׁים צַדִּקִ֨ים וְטֹבִ֤ים מִמֶּ֙נּוּ֙ וַיַּהַרְגֵ֣ם בַּחֶ֔רֶב וְאָבִ֥י דָוִ֖ד לֹ֣א יָדָ֑ע אֶת־אַבְנֵ֤ר בֶּן־נֵר֙ שַׂר־צְבָ֣א יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל וְאֶת־עֲמָשָׂ֥א בֶן־יֶ֖תֶר שַׂר־צְבָ֥א יְהוּדָֽה׃", "text": "And *hēšîb* *YHWH* *ʾet*-his *dāmô* upon his *rōʾšô*, who *pāgaʿ* in two-*ʾănāšîm* *ṣaddîqîm* and *ṭôbîm* than him, and *yaharḡēm* with the *ḥereb*, and my father *dāwid* not *yādāʿ*, *ʾet*-*ʾabnēr* son-of-*nēr* *śar*-*ṣəbāʾ* *yiśrāʾēl* and *ʾet*-*ʿămāśāʾ* son-of-*yeter* *śar*-*ṣəbāʾ* *yəhûdâ*.", "grammar": { "*hēšîb*": "hiphil perfect 3rd masculine singular - will return/bring back", "*YHWH*": "divine name - Yahweh/LORD", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*dāmô*": "masculine singular noun with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his blood", "*rōʾšô*": "masculine singular noun with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his head", "*pāgaʿ*": "qal perfect 3rd masculine singular - attacked/struck", "*ʾănāšîm*": "masculine plural noun - men", "*ṣaddîqîm*": "masculine plural adjective - righteous", "*ṭôbîm*": "masculine plural adjective - good/better", "*yaharḡēm*": "qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular with 3rd masculine plural suffix consecutive - killed them", "*ḥereb*": "feminine singular noun with definite article - sword", "*dāwid*": "proper noun, masculine - David", "*yādāʿ*": "qal perfect 3rd masculine singular - knew", "*ʾabnēr*": "proper noun, masculine - Abner", "*nēr*": "proper noun, masculine - Ner", "*śar*": "masculine singular construct - commander of", "*ṣəbāʾ*": "masculine singular construct - army of", "*yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel", "*ʿămāśāʾ*": "proper noun, masculine - Amasa", "*yeter*": "proper noun, masculine - Jether", "*yəhûdâ*": "proper noun - Judah" }, "variants": { "*hēšîb*": "will return/bring back/repay", "*dāmô*": "his blood/his bloodguilt", "*rōʾšô*": "his head/upon himself", "*pāgaʿ*": "attacked/struck/killed/fell upon", "*ʾănāšîm*": "men/people", "*ṣaddîqîm*": "righteous/just/innocent", "*ṭôbîm*": "good/better/more honorable", "*yaharḡēm*": "killed them/slew them", "*yādāʿ*": "knew/was aware of/had knowledge of" } }
• Esth 4:14 : 14 { "verseID": "Esther.4.14", "source": "כִּ֣י אִם־הַחֲרֵ֣שׁ תַּחֲרִישִׁי֮ בָּעֵ֣ת הַזֹּאת֒ רֶ֣וַח וְהַצָּלָ֞ה יַעֲמ֤וֹד לַיְּהוּדִים֙ מִמָּק֣וֹם אַחֵ֔ר וְאַ֥תְּ וּבֵית־אָבִ֖יךְ תֹּאבֵ֑דוּ וּמִ֣י יוֹדֵ֔עַ אִם־לְעֵ֣ת כָּזֹ֔את הִגַּ֖עַתְּ לַמַּלְכֽוּת׃", "text": "For if-*haḥᵃrēš* *taḥᵃrîšî* in-the-*ʿēt* the-*zōʾt*, *rewaḥ* and-*haṣṣālâ* *yaʿᵃmôḏ* for-the-*yᵉhûḏîm* from-*māqôm* *ʾaḥēr*, and-you and-*bêt*-*ʾāḇîḵ* *tōʾḇēḏû*; and-who *yôḏēaʿ* if-for-*ʿēt* such-as-*zōʾt* *higgaʿat* to-the-*malḵût*.", "grammar": { "*haḥᵃrēš*": "Hiphil infinitive absolute - being silent", "*taḥᵃrîšî*": "Hiphil imperfect, 2nd feminine singular - you are silent", "*ʿēt*": "noun feminine singular - time", "*zōʾt*": "demonstrative pronoun, feminine singular - this", "*rewaḥ*": "noun masculine singular - relief/respite", "*haṣṣālâ*": "noun feminine singular - deliverance", "*yaʿᵃmôḏ*": "Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - will stand/arise", "*yᵉhûḏîm*": "noun masculine plural - Jews", "*māqôm*": "noun masculine singular - place", "*ʾaḥēr*": "adjective masculine singular - other/another", "*bêt*": "noun masculine singular construct - house of", "*ʾāḇîḵ*": "noun masculine singular + 2nd feminine singular suffix - your father", "*tōʾḇēḏû*": "Qal imperfect, 2nd feminine plural - you will perish", "*yôḏēaʿ*": "Qal participle, masculine singular - knowing", "*higgaʿat*": "Hiphil perfect, 2nd feminine singular - you have reached/attained", "*malḵût*": "noun feminine singular - kingdom/royalty" }, "variants": { "*haḥᵃrēš taḥᵃrîšî*": "emphatic expression - remain completely silent/keep utterly quiet", "*rewaḥ*": "relief/respite/space", "*haṣṣālâ*": "deliverance/salvation/rescue", "*yaʿᵃmôḏ*": "will stand/arise/appear", "*māqôm*": "place/location/source", "*tōʾḇēḏû*": "you will perish/be destroyed/be lost", "*higgaʿat*": "you have reached/attained/come", "*malḵût*": "kingdom/royalty/royal position" } }
• Job 15:15 : 15 { "verseID": "Job.15.15", "source": "הֵן בִּקְדֹשָׁיו לֹא יַאֲמִין וְשָׁמַיִם לֹא־זַכּוּ בְעֵינָיו", "text": "*hēn* *biqdōšāyw* *lōʾ* *yaʾămîn* *wə-šāmayim* *lōʾ-zakkû* *bəʿênāyw*", "grammar": { "*hēn*": "interjection - behold, lo", "*biqdōšāyw*": "preposition + noun, masculine plural + 3rd masculine singular suffix - in his holy ones", "*lōʾ*": "negative particle - not", "*yaʾămîn*": "hiphil imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - he trusts", "*wə-šāmayim*": "conjunction + noun, masculine plural - and heavens", "*lōʾ-zakkû*": "negative particle + qal perfect, 3rd common plural - are not pure", "*bəʿênāyw*": "preposition + noun, feminine dual + 3rd masculine singular suffix - in his eyes" }, "variants": { "*qādôš*": "holy one, saint, sacred person", "*ʾāman*": "to believe, trust, have faith in", "*šāmayim*": "heavens, sky", "*zāḵāh*": "to be pure, clean, innocent", "*ʿayin*": "eye, sight, appearance" } }
• Ps 5:4-5 : 4 { "verseID": "Psalms.5.4", "source": "יְֽהוָ֗ה בֹּ֭קֶר תִּשְׁמַ֣ע קוֹלִ֑י בֹּ֥קֶר אֶֽעֱרָךְ־לְ֝ךָ֗ וַאֲצַפֶּֽה׃", "text": "*YHWH* *bōqer* *tišmaʿ* *qôlî* *bōqer* *ʾeʿĕrāk*-to-*ləkā* and-*ʾăṣappeh*", "grammar": { "*YHWH*": "divine name - LORD", "*bōqer*": "masculine singular noun - morning", "*tišmaʿ*": "Qal imperfect, 2nd person masculine singular - you will hear", "*qôlî*": "masculine singular noun with 1st person singular suffix - my voice", "*ʾeʿĕrāk*": "Qal imperfect, 1st person singular - I will arrange/set in order", "*ləkā*": "preposition with 2nd person masculine singular suffix - to/for you", "*ʾăṣappeh*": "Piel imperfect, 1st person singular with waw consecutive - and I will watch/look" }, "variants": { "*bōqer*": "morning/daybreak", "*tišmaʿ*": "you will hear/listen", "*ʾeʿĕrāk*": "I will arrange/set in order/direct/prepare", "*ʾăṣappeh*": "I will watch/look expectantly/wait/hope" } } 5 { "verseID": "Psalms.5.5", "source": "כִּ֤י ׀ לֹ֤א אֵֽל־חָפֵ֘ץ רֶ֥שַׁע ׀ אָ֑תָּה לֹ֖א יְגֻרְךָ֣ רָֽע׃", "text": "For not *ʾēl*-*ḥāpēṣ* *rešaʿ* *ʾāttâ* not *yəgurəkā* *rāʿ*", "grammar": { "*ʾēl*": "masculine singular noun - God/god", "*ḥāpēṣ*": "Qal participle, masculine singular - delighting/pleasure in", "*rešaʿ*": "masculine singular noun - wickedness", "*ʾāttâ*": "2nd person masculine singular pronoun - you", "*yəgurəkā*": "Qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular with 2nd person masculine singular suffix - will dwell with you", "*rāʿ*": "masculine singular adjective/noun - evil/bad" }, "variants": { "*ʾēl*": "God/god/deity/mighty one", "*ḥāpēṣ*": "delighting in/taking pleasure in/desiring", "*rešaʿ*": "wickedness/evil/iniquity", "*yəgurəkā*": "will dwell with you/sojourn with you/abide with you" } }
• Ps 10:1-2 : 1 { "verseID": "Psalms.10.1", "source": "לָמָ֣ה יְ֭הוָה תַּעֲמֹ֣ד בְּרָח֑וֹק תַּ֝עְלִ֗ים לְעִתּ֥וֹת בַּצָּרֽ͏ָה׃", "text": "*lāmāh* *YHWH* *taʿămōd* *bĕrāḥōq* *taʿĕlîm* *lĕʿittōt* *baṣṣārāh*", "grammar": { "*lāmāh*": "interrogative adverb - why/for what reason", "*YHWH*": "divine name - subject of the verbs", "*taʿămōd*": "qal imperfect 2nd person masculine singular - you stand/remain", "*bĕrāḥōq*": "preposition + noun masculine singular - in/at distance/far away", "*taʿĕlîm*": "hiphil imperfect 2nd person masculine singular - you hide/conceal", "*lĕʿittōt*": "preposition + noun feminine plural construct - for/at times of", "*baṣṣārāh*": "preposition + definite article + noun feminine singular - in the distress/trouble" }, "variants": { "*lāmāh*": "why/for what reason", "*taʿămōd*": "stand/remain/be positioned", "*bĕrāḥōq*": "far away/at a distance", "*taʿĕlîm*": "hide/conceal/cover", "*ʿittōt*": "times/seasons/periods", "*ṣārāh*": "distress/trouble/adversity" } } 2 { "verseID": "Psalms.10.2", "source": "בְּגַאֲוַ֣ת רָ֭שָׁע יִדְלַ֣ק עָנִ֑י יִתָּפְשׂ֓וּ ׀ בִּמְזִמּ֖וֹת ז֣וּ חָשָֽׁבוּ׃", "text": "*bĕgaʾăwat* *rāšāʿ* *yidlaq* *ʿānî* *yittāpĕśû* *bimzimmôt* *zû* *ḥāšābû*", "grammar": { "*bĕgaʾăwat*": "preposition + noun feminine construct - in pride of", "*rāšāʿ*": "noun masculine singular - wicked person", "*yidlaq*": "qal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular - he pursues/burns after", "*ʿānî*": "noun masculine singular - poor/afflicted person", "*yittāpĕśû*": "niphal imperfect 3rd person plural - they are caught/seized", "*bimzimmôt*": "preposition + noun feminine plural construct - in schemes/plots of", "*zû*": "demonstrative pronoun - this/that/which", "*ḥāšābû*": "qal perfect 3rd person plural - they have devised/planned" }, "variants": { "*gaʾăwat*": "pride/arrogance/exaltation", "*rāšāʿ*": "wicked person/evildoer", "*yidlaq*": "pursue hotly/burn after/inflame", "*ʿānî*": "poor/afflicted/humble person", "*yittāpĕśû*": "be caught/seized/taken", "*mĕzimmôt*": "schemes/plots/devices", "*ḥāšābû*": "devise/plan/think" } }