Zeph 2:1-9 : 1 {
"verseID": "Zephaniah.2.1",
"source": "הִֽתְקוֹשְׁשׁ֖וּ וָק֑וֹשּׁוּ הַגּ֖וֹי לֹ֥א נִכְסָֽף׃",
"text": "*hithqôšəšû* *wāqôššû* the-*gôy* not *niḵsāp̄*",
"grammar": {
"*hithqôšəšû*": "hithpael imperative, masculine plural - gather yourselves together/collect yourselves",
"*wāqôššû*": "qal imperative, masculine plural with waw conjunction - and gather/and collect",
"*gôy*": "noun, masculine singular with definite article - nation/people",
"*niḵsāp̄*": "niphal participle, masculine singular - not longed for/not desired"
},
"variants": {
"*hithqôšəšû*": "gather yourselves/examine yourselves/collect yourselves",
"*wāqôššû*": "gather/collect/assemble",
"*gôy*": "nation/people/gentiles",
"*niḵsāp̄*": "longed for/desired/pale (from shame)"
}
}
2 {
"verseID": "Zephaniah.2.2",
"source": "בְּטֶ֙רֶם֙ לֶ֣דֶת חֹ֔ק כְּמֹ֖ץ עָ֣בַר י֑וֹם בְּטֶ֣רֶם ׀ לֹא־יָב֣וֹא עֲלֵיכֶ֗ם חֲרוֹן֙ אַף־יְהוָ֔ה בְּטֶ֙רֶם֙ לֹא־יָב֣וֹא עֲלֵיכֶ֔ם י֖וֹם אַף־יְהוָֽה׃",
"text": "Before *ledeth ḥōq* like-*mōṣ* *ʿāḇar yôm* before not-*yāḇôʾ* upon-you *ḥărôn* *ʾap̄-YHWH* before not-*yāḇôʾ* upon-you *yôm* *ʾap̄-YHWH*",
"grammar": {
"*bəṭerem*": "preposition + noun - before/ere",
"*ledeth*": "qal infinitive construct of *yālad* - giving birth/bringing forth",
"*ḥōq*": "noun, masculine singular - decree/statute",
"*kəmōṣ*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular - like chaff",
"*ʿāḇar*": "qal perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - passes/passed away",
"*yôm*": "noun, masculine singular - day",
"*yāḇôʾ*": "qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - comes/will come",
"*ḥărôn*": "noun, masculine singular construct - heat/burning",
"*ʾap̄-YHWH*": "noun + proper name - anger of YHWH/nostrils of YHWH"
},
"variants": {
"*ledeth ḥōq*": "decree is born/statute comes forth/takes effect",
"*mōṣ*": "chaff/stubble",
"*ʿāḇar yôm*": "day passes/day has gone",
"*ḥărôn*": "burning/heat/anger",
"*ʾap̄*": "nose/anger/wrath"
}
}
3 {
"verseID": "Zephaniah.2.3",
"source": "בַּקְּשׁ֤וּ אֶת־יְהוָה֙ כָּל־עַנְוֵ֣י הָאָ֔רֶץ אֲשֶׁ֥ר מִשְׁפָּט֖וֹ פָּעָ֑לוּ בַּקְּשׁוּ־צֶ֙דֶק֙ בַּקְּשׁ֣וּ עֲנָוָ֔ה אוּלַי֙ תִּסָּ֣תְר֔וּ בְּי֖וֹם אַף־יְהוָֽה׃",
"text": "*baqqəšû* *ʾeth-YHWH* all-*ʿanəwê* the-*ʾāreṣ* who *mišpāṭô pāʿālû baqqəšû-ṣedeq baqqəšû ʿănāwâ ʾûlay tissātərû* in-*yôm* *ʾap̄-YHWH*",
"grammar": {
"*baqqəšû*": "piel imperative, masculine plural - seek/search for",
"*ʾeth-YHWH*": "direct object marker + divine name - YHWH",
"*ʿanəwê*": "adjective, masculine plural construct - humble/meek ones of",
"*ʾāreṣ*": "noun, feminine singular with definite article - the land/earth",
"*mišpāṭô*": "noun, masculine singular + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his judgment/justice",
"*pāʿālû*": "qal perfect, 3rd person plural - have done/worked/practiced",
"*ṣedeq*": "noun, masculine singular - righteousness/justice",
"*ʿănāwâ*": "noun, feminine singular - humility/meekness",
"*ʾûlay*": "adverb - perhaps/maybe",
"*tissātərû*": "niphal imperfect, 2nd person masculine plural - you will be hidden/you will be sheltered",
"*yôm*": "noun, masculine singular with preposition - in day of"
},
"variants": {
"*baqqəšû*": "seek/search for/inquire",
"*ʿanəwê*": "humble ones/meek ones/poor ones",
"*pāʿālû*": "have done/performed/practiced",
"*ṣedeq*": "righteousness/justice/what is right",
"*ʿănāwâ*": "humility/meekness/gentleness",
"*tissātərû*": "be hidden/be concealed/find shelter"
}
}
4 {
"verseID": "Zephaniah.2.4",
"source": "כִּ֤י עַזָּה֙ עֲזוּבָ֣ה תִֽהְיֶ֔ה וְאַשְׁקְל֖וֹן לִשְׁמָמָ֑ה אַשְׁדּ֗וֹד בַּֽצָּהֳרַ֙יִם֙ יְגָ֣רְשׁ֔וּהָ וְעֶקְר֖וֹן תֵּעָקֵֽר׃",
"text": "For *ʿazzâ ʿăzûḇâ tihyeh* and-*ʾašqəlôn lišəmāmâ ʾašdôd baṣṣŏhŏrayim yəḡārəšûhā* and-*ʿeqrôn tēʿāqēr*",
"grammar": {
"*ʿazzâ*": "proper noun - Gaza",
"*ʿăzûḇâ*": "qal passive participle, feminine singular - forsaken/abandoned",
"*tihyeh*": "qal imperfect, 3rd person feminine singular - will be",
"*ʾašqəlôn*": "proper noun - Ashkelon",
"*lišəmāmâ*": "preposition + noun, feminine singular - for desolation/waste",
"*ʾašdôd*": "proper noun - Ashdod",
"*baṣṣŏhŏrayim*": "preposition + noun, masculine dual with definite article - at noon/midday",
"*yəḡārəšûhā*": "piel imperfect, 3rd person masculine plural + 3rd person feminine singular suffix - they will drive her out",
"*ʿeqrôn*": "proper noun - Ekron",
"*tēʿāqēr*": "niphal imperfect, 3rd person feminine singular - will be uprooted"
},
"variants": {
"*ʿăzûḇâ*": "forsaken/abandoned/desolate",
"*lišəmāmâ*": "for desolation/for waste/for horror",
"*yəḡārəšûhā*": "drive out/expel/cast out",
"*tēʿāqēr*": "be uprooted/be rooted out/be plucked up"
}
}
5 {
"verseID": "Zephaniah.2.5",
"source": "ה֗וֹי יֹֽשְׁבֵ֛י חֶ֥בֶל הַיָּ֖ם גּ֣וֹי כְּרֵתִ֑ים דְּבַר־יְהוָ֣ה עֲלֵיכֶ֗ם כְּנַ֙עַן֙ אֶ֣רֶץ פְּלִשְׁתִּ֔ים וְהַאֲבַדְתִּ֖יךְ מֵאֵ֥ין יוֹשֵֽׁב׃",
"text": "*hôy yōšəḇê ḥeḇel hayyām gôy kərētîm dəḇar-YHWH* upon-you *kənaʿan ʾereṣ pəlištîm wəhaʾăḇadtîḵ mēʾên yôšēḇ*",
"grammar": {
"*hôy*": "interjection - woe/alas",
"*yōšəḇê*": "qal participle, masculine plural construct - dwellers of/inhabitants of",
"*ḥeḇel*": "noun, masculine singular construct - region/district/territory",
"*hayyām*": "noun, masculine singular with definite article - the sea",
"*gôy*": "noun, masculine singular - nation",
"*kərētîm*": "proper noun - Cherethites",
"*dəḇar-YHWH*": "noun, masculine singular construct + divine name - word of YHWH",
"*kənaʿan*": "proper noun - Canaan",
"*ʾereṣ*": "noun, feminine singular construct - land of",
"*pəlištîm*": "proper noun - Philistines",
"*wəhaʾăḇadtîḵ*": "hiphil perfect, 1st person singular + 2nd person masculine singular suffix with waw consecutive - and I will destroy you",
"*mēʾên*": "preposition + particle of negation - from there being no",
"*yôšēḇ*": "qal participle, masculine singular - inhabitant/dweller"
},
"variants": {
"*hôy*": "woe/alas/ah",
"*ḥeḇel*": "region/district/territory/coast",
"*kərētîm*": "Cherethites/Cretans/destroyers",
"*wəhaʾăḇadtîḵ*": "and I will destroy you/and I will cause you to perish",
"*mēʾên yôšēḇ*": "without inhabitant/so that none remains"
}
}
6 {
"verseID": "Zephaniah.2.6",
"source": "וְֽהָיְתָ֞ה חֶ֣בֶל הַיָּ֗ם נְוֺ֛ת כְּרֹ֥ת רֹעִ֖ים וְגִדְר֥וֹת צֹֽאן׃",
"text": "And-*hāyəthâ ḥeḇel hayyām nəwōth kərōth rōʿîm wəḡidrôth ṣōʾn*",
"grammar": {
"*hāyəthâ*": "qal perfect, 3rd person feminine singular with waw consecutive - and will be",
"*ḥeḇel*": "noun, masculine singular construct - region/district of",
"*hayyām*": "noun, masculine singular with definite article - the sea",
"*nəwōth*": "noun, feminine plural construct - pastures of",
"*kərōth*": "noun, feminine plural construct - excavations of/diggings of",
"*rōʿîm*": "qal participle, masculine plural - shepherds",
"*wəḡidrôth*": "noun, feminine plural construct with waw conjunction - and folds of",
"*ṣōʾn*": "noun, both gender collective - flock/sheep"
},
"variants": {
"*ḥeḇel hayyām*": "seacoast/region of the sea",
"*nəwōth*": "pastures/dwellings/habitations",
"*kərōth*": "diggings/excavations/caves",
"*ḡidrôth*": "folds/enclosures/pens"
}
}
7 {
"verseID": "Zephaniah.2.7",
"source": "וְהָ֣יָה חֶ֗בֶל לִשְׁאֵרִ֛ית בֵּ֥ית יְהוּדָ֖ה עֲלֵיהֶ֣ם יִרְע֑וּן בְּבָתֵּ֣י אַשְׁקְל֗וֹן בָּעֶ֙רֶב֙ יִרְבָּצ֔וּן כִּ֧י יִפְקְדֵ֛ם יְהוָ֥ה אֱלֹהֵיהֶ֖ם וְשָׁ֥ב שְׁבִיתָֽם׃",
"text": "And-*hāyâ ḥeḇel lišəʾērîth bêth yəhûdâ ʿălêhem yirʿûn bəḇāttê ʾašqəlôn bāʿereḇ yirbāṣûn kî yip̄qədēm YHWH ʾĕlōhêhem wəšāḇ šəḇîthām*",
"grammar": {
"*hāyâ*": "qal perfect, 3rd person masculine singular with waw consecutive - and will be",
"*ḥeḇel*": "noun, masculine singular - region/district",
"*lišəʾērîth*": "preposition + noun, feminine singular construct - for the remnant of",
"*bêth*": "noun, masculine singular construct - house of",
"*yəhûdâ*": "proper noun - Judah",
"*ʿălêhem*": "preposition + 3rd person masculine plural suffix - upon them",
"*yirʿûn*": "qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine plural (paragogic nun) - they will feed/they will pasture",
"*bəḇāttê*": "preposition + noun, masculine plural construct - in houses of",
"*ʾašqəlôn*": "proper noun - Ashkelon",
"*bāʿereḇ*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular with definite article - in the evening",
"*yirbāṣûn*": "qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine plural (paragogic nun) - they will lie down",
"*kî*": "conjunction - for/because/when",
"*yip̄qədēm*": "qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular + 3rd person masculine plural suffix - he will visit them",
"*ʾĕlōhêhem*": "noun, masculine plural with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - their God",
"*wəšāḇ*": "qal perfect, 3rd person masculine singular with waw consecutive - and he will return",
"*šəḇîthām*": "noun, feminine singular with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - their captivity"
},
"variants": {
"*lišəʾērîth*": "for the remnant/for those remaining",
"*yirʿûn*": "they will feed/they will pasture/they will shepherd",
"*yirbāṣûn*": "they will lie down/they will rest",
"*yip̄qədēm*": "he will visit them/he will attend to them/he will care for them",
"*šəḇîthām*": "their captivity/their fortunes/their restoration"
}
}
8 {
"verseID": "Zephaniah.2.8",
"source": "שָׁמַ֙עְתִּי֙ חֶרְפַּ֣ת מוֹאָ֔ב וְגִדּוּפֵ֖י בְּנֵ֣י עַמּ֑וֹן אֲשֶׁ֤ר חֵֽרְפוּ֙ אֶת־עַמִּ֔י וַיַּגְדִּ֖ילוּ עַל־גְּבוּלָֽם׃",
"text": "*šāmaʿtî ḥerppath môʾāḇ wəḡiddûp̄ê bənê ʿammôn ʾăšer ḥērp̄û ʾeth-ʿammî wayyaḡdîlû ʿal-gəḇûlām*",
"grammar": {
"*šāmaʿtî*": "qal perfect, 1st person singular - I have heard",
"*ḥerppath*": "noun, feminine singular construct - reproach of/taunt of",
"*môʾāḇ*": "proper noun - Moab",
"*wəḡiddûp̄ê*": "noun, masculine plural construct with waw conjunction - and revilings of",
"*bənê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - sons of/children of",
"*ʿammôn*": "proper noun - Ammon",
"*ʾăšer*": "relative pronoun - which/who/that",
"*ḥērp̄û*": "piel perfect, 3rd person plural - they have reproached/taunted",
"*ʾeth-ʿammî*": "direct object marker + noun, masculine singular with 1st person singular suffix - my people",
"*wayyaḡdîlû*": "hiphil imperfect, 3rd person masculine plural with waw consecutive - and they magnified themselves",
"*ʿal-gəḇûlām*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - against their border"
},
"variants": {
"*ḥerppath*": "reproach/taunt/insult",
"*ḡiddûp̄ê*": "revilings/insults/taunts",
"*ḥērp̄û*": "reproached/taunted/insulted",
"*wayyaḡdîlû*": "they magnified themselves/they boasted/they made themselves great",
"*gəḇûlām*": "their border/their territory/their boundary"
}
}
9 {
"verseID": "Zephaniah.2.9",
"source": "לָכֵ֣ן חַי־אָ֡נִי נְאֻם֩ יְהוָ֨ה צְבָא֜וֹת אֱלֹהֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֗ל כִּֽי־מוֹאָ֞ב כִּסְדֹ֤ם תִּֽהְיֶה֙ וּבְנֵ֤י עַמּוֹן֙ כַּֽעֲמֹרָ֔ה מִמְשַׁ֥ק חָר֛וּל וּמִכְרֵה־מֶ֥לַח וּשְׁמָמָ֖ה עַד־עוֹלָ֑ם שְׁאֵרִ֤ית עַמִּי֙ יְבָזּ֔וּם וְיֶ֥תֶר גּוֹיִ֖י יִנְחָלֽוּם׃",
"text": "Therefore *ḥay-ʾānî nəʾum YHWH ṣəḇāʾôth ʾĕlōhê yiśrāʾēl kî-môʾāḇ kisdōm tihyeh ûḇənê ʿammôn kaʿămōrâ mimšaq ḥārûl ûmiḵrē-melaḥ ûšəmāmâ ʿad-ʿôlām šəʾērîth ʿammî yəḇāzzûm wəyeter gôyî yinḥālûm*",
"grammar": {
"*ḥay-ʾānî*": "adjective + 1st person singular independent pronoun - as I live",
"*nəʾum*": "noun, masculine singular construct - declaration of",
"*ṣəḇāʾôth*": "noun, masculine plural - of hosts",
"*ʾĕlōhê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - God of",
"*yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel",
"*kî-môʾāḇ*": "conjunction + proper noun - that Moab",
"*kisdōm*": "preposition + proper noun - like Sodom",
"*tihyeh*": "qal imperfect, 3rd person feminine singular - will be",
"*ûḇənê*": "conjunction + noun, masculine plural construct - and sons of",
"*ʿammôn*": "proper noun - Ammon",
"*kaʿămōrâ*": "preposition + proper noun - like Gomorrah",
"*mimšaq*": "noun, masculine singular - possession of",
"*ḥārûl*": "noun, masculine singular - nettles",
"*ûmiḵrē-melaḥ*": "conjunction + noun, masculine singular construct + noun - and pit of salt",
"*ûšəmāmâ*": "conjunction + noun, feminine singular - and desolation",
"*ʿad-ʿôlām*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular - forever",
"*šəʾērîth*": "noun, feminine singular construct - remnant of",
"*ʿammî*": "noun, masculine singular with 1st person singular suffix - my people",
"*yəḇāzzûm*": "qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine plural + 3rd person masculine plural suffix - they will plunder them",
"*wəyeter*": "conjunction + noun, masculine singular construct - and remainder of",
"*gôyî*": "noun, masculine singular with 1st person singular suffix - my nation",
"*yinḥālûm*": "qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine plural + 3rd person masculine plural suffix - they will inherit them"
},
"variants": {
"*ḥay-ʾānî*": "as I live/by my life",
"*ṣəḇāʾôth*": "of hosts/of armies",
"*mimšaq*": "possession/breeding place",
"*ḥārûl*": "nettles/weeds/thorns",
"*miḵrē-melaḥ*": "pit of salt/salt mine",
"*šəmāmâ*": "desolation/waste/desert",
"*yəḇāzzûm*": "plunder them/spoil them/take as prey",
"*yinḥālûm*": "inherit them/possess them/take as possession"
}
}
10 {
"verseID": "Zephaniah.2.10",
"source": "זֹ֥את לָהֶ֖ם תַּ֣חַת גְּאוֹנָ֑ם כִּ֤י חֵֽרְפוּ֙ וַיַּגְדִּ֔לוּ עַל־עַ֖ם יְהוָ֥ה צְבָאֽוֹת׃",
"text": "This *lāhem taḥath gəʾônām kî ḥērp̄û wayyaḡdîlû ʿal-ʿam YHWH ṣəḇāʾôth*",
"grammar": {
"*zōʾth*": "demonstrative pronoun, feminine singular - this",
"*lāhem*": "preposition + 3rd person masculine plural suffix - to them/for them",
"*taḥath*": "preposition - under/instead of/because of",
"*gəʾônām*": "noun, masculine singular with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - their pride",
"*kî*": "conjunction - because/for/that",
"*ḥērp̄û*": "piel perfect, 3rd person plural - they have reproached/taunted",
"*wayyaḡdîlû*": "hiphil imperfect, 3rd person masculine plural with waw consecutive - and magnified themselves",
"*ʿal-ʿam*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular construct - against people of",
"*ṣəḇāʾôth*": "noun, masculine plural - of hosts"
},
"variants": {
"*lāhem*": "to them/for them/against them",
"*taḥath*": "because of/instead of/in return for",
"*gəʾônām*": "their pride/their arrogance/their insolence",
"*ḥērp̄û*": "reproached/taunted/insulted",
"*wayyaḡdîlû*": "magnified themselves/boasted/made themselves great"
}
}
11 {
"verseID": "Zephaniah.2.11",
"source": "נוֹרָ֤א יְהוָה֙ עֲלֵיהֶ֔ם כִּ֣י רָזָ֔ה אֵ֖ת כָּל־אֱלֹהֵ֣י הָאָ֑רֶץ וְיִשְׁתַּֽחֲווּ־לוֹ֙ אִ֣ישׁ מִמְּקוֹמ֔וֹ כֹּ֖ל אִיֵּ֥י הַגּוֹיִֽם׃",
"text": "*nôrāʾ YHWH ʿălêhem kî rāzâ ʾēth kol-ʾĕlōhê hāʾāreṣ wəyištaḥăwû-lô ʾîš mimməqômô kōl ʾiyyê haggôyîm*",
"grammar": {
"*nôrāʾ*": "niphal participle, masculine singular - fearful/terrible",
"*ʿălêhem*": "preposition + 3rd person masculine plural suffix - against them",
"*kî*": "conjunction - for/because/when",
"*rāzâ*": "qal perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - he has famished/made lean",
"*ʾēth*": "direct object marker",
"*kol-ʾĕlōhê*": "construct chain: noun + masculine plural construct - all gods of",
"*hāʾāreṣ*": "noun, feminine singular with definite article - the earth/land",
"*wəyištaḥăwû-lô*": "hishtaphel imperfect, 3rd person masculine plural + preposition + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - and they will bow down to him",
"*ʾîš*": "noun, masculine singular - man/each one",
"*mimməqômô*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - from his place",
"*kōl*": "noun, masculine singular construct - all of",
"*ʾiyyê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - islands/coastlands of",
"*haggôyîm*": "noun, masculine plural with definite article - the nations"
},
"variants": {
"*nôrāʾ*": "fearful/terrible/awesome",
"*rāzâ*": "famished/made lean/brought to nothing",
"*ʾĕlōhê*": "gods/deities/divine beings",
"*wəyištaḥăwû-lô*": "they will bow down to him/they will worship him",
"*ʾiyyê*": "islands/coastlands/distant shores"
}
}
12 {
"verseID": "Zephaniah.2.12",
"source": "גַּם־אַתֶּ֣ם כּוּשִׁ֔ים חַֽלְלֵ֥י חַרְבִּ֖י הֵֽמָּה׃",
"text": "Also-you *kûšîm ḥallə̄lê ḥarbî hēmmâ*",
"grammar": {
"*gam-ʾattem*": "adverb + 2nd person masculine plural independent pronoun - also you",
"*kûšîm*": "proper noun, masculine plural - Cushites/Ethiopians",
"*ḥallə̄lê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - slain of",
"*ḥarbî*": "noun, feminine singular with 1st person singular suffix - my sword",
"*hēmmâ*": "3rd person masculine plural independent pronoun - they"
},
"variants": {
"*kûšîm*": "Cushites/Ethiopians",
"*ḥallə̄lê*": "slain of/pierced by/victims of"
}
}
13 {
"verseID": "Zephaniah.2.13",
"source": "וְיֵ֤ט יָדוֹ֙ עַל־צָפ֔וֹן וִֽיאַבֵּ֖ד אֶת־אַשּׁ֑וּר וְיָשֵׂ֤ם אֶת־נִֽינְוֵה֙ לִשְׁמָמָ֔ה צִיָּ֖ה כַּמִּדְבָּֽר׃",
"text": "And-*yēṭ yādô ʿal-ṣāp̄ôn wîʾabbēd ʾeth-ʾaššûr wəyāśēm ʾeth-nînəwēh lišəmāmâ ṣiyyâ kammidbar*",
"grammar": {
"*yēṭ*": "qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular with waw consecutive - and he will stretch out",
"*yādô*": "noun, feminine singular with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his hand",
"*ʿal-ṣāp̄ôn*": "preposition + noun, feminine singular - against north",
"*wîʾabbēd*": "piel imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular with waw consecutive - and he will destroy",
"*ʾeth-ʾaššûr*": "direct object marker + proper noun - Assyria",
"*wəyāśēm*": "qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular with waw consecutive - and he will make",
"*ʾeth-nînəwēh*": "direct object marker + proper noun - Nineveh",
"*lišəmāmâ*": "preposition + noun, feminine singular - for desolation",
"*ṣiyyâ*": "noun, feminine singular - dry/parched region",
"*kammidbar*": "preposition + definite article + noun, masculine singular - like the wilderness"
},
"variants": {
"*yēṭ yādô*": "stretch out his hand/extend his hand",
"*ʿal-ṣāp̄ôn*": "against the north/against the northern kingdom",
"*wîʾabbēd*": "and destroy/and cause to perish",
"*lišəmāmâ*": "for desolation/for waste/for horror",
"*ṣiyyâ*": "dry land/parched ground/drought"
}
}
14 {
"verseID": "Zephaniah.2.14",
"source": "וְרָבְצ֨וּ בְתוֹכָ֤הּ עֲדָרִים֙ כָּל־חַיְתוֹ־ג֔וֹי גַּם־קָאַת֙ גַּם־קִפֹּ֔ד בְּכַפְתֹּרֶ֖יהָ יָלִ֑ינוּ ק֠וֹל יְשׁוֹרֵ֤ר בַּֽחַלּוֹן֙ חֹ֣רֶב בַּסַּ֔ף כִּ֥י אַרְזָ֖ה עֵרָֽה׃",
"text": "And-*rāḇəṣû ḇəthôḵāh ʿădārîm kol-ḥayəthô-ḡôy gam-qāʾath gam-qippōd bəḵap̄tōrêhā yālînû qôl yəšôrēr baḥallôn ḥōreḇ bassap̄ kî ʾarzâ ʿērâ*",
"grammar": {
"*rāḇəṣû*": "qal perfect, 3rd person plural with waw consecutive - and they will lie down",
"*ḇəthôḵāh*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular with 3rd person feminine singular suffix - in her midst",
"*ʿădārîm*": "noun, masculine plural - flocks/herds",
"*kol-ḥayəthô-ḡôy*": "noun construct chain: all + living thing of + nation",
"*gam-qāʾath*": "adverb + noun, feminine singular - also pelican",
"*gam-qippōd*": "adverb + noun, masculine singular - also hedgehog/porcupine",
"*bəḵap̄tōrêhā*": "preposition + noun, masculine plural with 3rd person feminine singular suffix - in her capitals (of columns)",
"*yālînû*": "qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine plural - they will lodge",
"*qôl*": "noun, masculine singular - voice/sound",
"*yəšôrēr*": "polel participle, masculine singular - singing/one who sings",
"*baḥallôn*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular with definite article - in the window",
"*ḥōreḇ*": "noun, masculine singular - desolation/waste",
"*bassap̄*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular with definite article - in the threshold",
"*kî*": "conjunction - for/because",
"*ʾarzâ*": "noun, masculine singular with directional he - cedar work",
"*ʿērâ*": "piel perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - he has laid bare/exposed"
},
"variants": {
"*rāḇəṣû*": "lie down/rest/make their lair",
"*ʿădārîm*": "flocks/herds",
"*ḥayəthô-ḡôy*": "beasts of the nation/wild animals",
"*qāʾath*": "pelican/desert owl",
"*qippōd*": "hedgehog/porcupine/bittern",
"*kap̄tōrêhā*": "capitals (of columns)/tops of pillars",
"*yəšôrēr*": "singing/will sing",
"*ḥōreḇ*": "desolation/waste/ruin",
"*ʾarzâ*": "cedar work/cedar paneling",
"*ʿērâ*": "laid bare/exposed/uncovered"
}
}
15 {
"verseID": "Zephaniah.2.15",
"source": "זֹ֞את הָעִ֤יר הָעַלִּיזָה֙ הַיּוֹשֶׁ֣בֶת לָבֶ֔טַח הָאֹֽמְרָה֙ בִּלְבָבָ֔הּ אֲנִ֖י וְאַפְסִ֣י ע֑וֹד אֵ֣יךְ ׀ הָיְתָ֣ה לְשַׁמָּ֗ה מַרְבֵּץ֙ לַֽחַיָּ֔ה כֹּ֚ל עוֹבֵ֣ר עָלֶ֔יהָ יִשְׁרֹ֖ק יָנִ֥יעַ יָדֽוֹ׃",
"text": "This the-*ʿîr hāʿallîzâ hayyôšeḇeth lāḇeṭaḥ hāʾōmərâ bilḇāḇāh ʾănî wəʾap̄sî ʿôd ʾêḵ hāyəthâ ləšammâ marbēṣ laḥayyâ kōl ʿôḇēr ʿālêhā yišrōq yānîaʿ yādô*",
"grammar": {
"*zōʾth*": "demonstrative pronoun, feminine singular - this",
"*hāʿîr*": "noun, feminine singular with definite article - the city",
"*hāʿallîzâ*": "adjective, feminine singular with definite article - the joyous/exultant",
"*hayyôšeḇeth*": "qal participle, feminine singular with definite article - the one sitting/dwelling",
"*lāḇeṭaḥ*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular - in security/confidence",
"*hāʾōmərâ*": "qal participle, feminine singular with definite article - the one saying",
"*bilḇāḇāh*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular with 3rd person feminine singular suffix - in her heart",
"*ʾănî*": "1st person singular independent pronoun - I",
"*wəʾap̄sî*": "conjunction + noun, masculine singular with 1st person singular suffix - and my end/there is none but me",
"*ʿôd*": "adverb - still/yet/besides",
"*ʾêḵ*": "interrogative adverb - how",
"*hāyəthâ*": "qal perfect, 3rd person feminine singular - she has become",
"*ləšammâ*": "preposition + noun, feminine singular - for desolation/horror",
"*marbēṣ*": "noun, masculine singular construct - resting place of",
"*laḥayyâ*": "preposition + noun, feminine singular with definite article - for the beast",
"*kōl*": "noun, masculine singular construct - every/all",
"*ʿôḇēr*": "qal participle, masculine singular - one passing by",
"*ʿālêhā*": "preposition + 3rd person feminine singular suffix - over her",
"*yišrōq*": "qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - he will hiss/whistle",
"*yānîaʿ*": "hiphil imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - he will shake/wag",
"*yādô*": "noun, feminine singular with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his hand"
},
"variants": {
"*hāʿallîzâ*": "joyous/exultant/jubilant",
"*hayyôšeḇeth lāḇeṭaḥ*": "dwelling securely/sitting confidently",
"*ʾap̄sî*": "my end/there is none besides me/no one else",
"*ləšammâ*": "for desolation/for horror/for waste",
"*marbēṣ*": "resting place/lair/den",
"*yišrōq*": "hiss/whistle (in derision)",
"*yānîaʿ yādô*": "shake his hand/wave his hand (in mockery)"
}
}