Verse 30

{ "verseID": "Deuteronomy.1.30", "source": "יְהוָ֤ה אֱלֹֽהֵיכֶם֙ הַהֹלֵ֣ךְ לִפְנֵיכֶ֔ם ה֖וּא יִלָּחֵ֣ם לָכֶ֑ם כְּ֠כֹל אֲשֶׁ֨ר עָשָׂ֧ה אִתְּכֶ֛ם בְּמִצְרַ֖יִם לְעֵינֵיכֶֽם", "text": "*YHWH* *ʾĕlōhêkem* the-*hōlēk* to-*pənêkem*, he *yillāḥēm* for-you; like-all which *'āśāh* with-you in-*Miṣrayim* to-*'ênêkem*.", "grammar": { "*YHWH*": "divine name", "*ʾĕlōhêkem*": "masculine plural noun with 2nd person masculine plural suffix - 'your God'", "*hōlēk*": "masculine singular participle, qal form of *hlk* with definite article - 'the one who walks'", "*pənêkem*": "masculine plural noun with 2nd person masculine plural suffix - 'before you'", "*yillāḥēm*": "3rd person masculine singular imperfect, niphal form of *lḥm* - 'fight'", "*'āśāh*": "3rd person masculine singular perfect, qal form of *'śh* - 'do/make'", "*Miṣrayim*": "proper noun - 'Egypt'", "*'ênêkem*": "dual noun with 2nd person masculine plural suffix - 'your eyes'" }, "variants": { "*hōlēk*": "who walks/goes/travels", "*pənêkem*": "before you/in front of you", "*yillāḥēm*": "will fight/do battle", "*'āśāh*": "did/performed/accomplished", "*'ênêkem*": "your eyes/in your sight" } }

Other Translations

Referenced Verses

  • Exod 14:14 : 14 { "verseID": "Exodus.14.14", "source": "יְהוָ֖ה יִלָּחֵ֣ם לָכֶ֑ם וְאַתֶּ֖ם תַּחֲרִישֽׁוּן", "text": "*YHWH* *yillāḥēm* *lāḵem* *wə-ʾattem* *taḥărîšûn*", "grammar": { "*YHWH*": "proper noun, divine name - Yahweh/LORD", "*yillāḥēm*": "Niphal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - he will fight", "*lāḵem*": "preposition + 2nd masculine plural suffix - for you", "*wə-ʾattem*": "conjunction + pronoun, 2nd masculine plural - and you", "*taḥărîšûn*": "Hiphil imperfect, 2nd masculine plural + paragogic nun - you shall keep still" }, "variants": { "*yillāḥēm*": "he will fight/he will battle", "*lāḵem*": "for you/on your behalf", "*taḥărîšûn*": "you shall keep still/you shall be silent/you shall hold your peace" } }
  • Exod 14:25 : 25 { "verseID": "Exodus.14.25", "source": "וַיָּ֗סַר אֵ֚ת אֹפַ֣ן מַרְכְּבֹתָ֔יו וַֽיְנַהֲגֵ֖הוּ בִּכְבֵדֻ֑ת וַיֹּ֣אמֶר מִצְרַ֗יִם אָנ֙וּסָה֙ מִפְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל כִּ֣י יְהוָ֔ה נִלְחָ֥ם לָהֶ֖ם בְּמִצְרָֽיִם", "text": "*wa-yyāsar* *ʾēṯ* *ʾōphan* *markəḇōṯâw* *wa-yənahăḡēhû* *bi-ḵəḇēduṯ* *wa-yyōʾmer* *Miṣrayim* *ʾānûsāh* *mi-ppənê* *Yiśrāʾēl* *kî* *YHWH* *nilḥām* *lāhem* *bə-Miṣrāyim*", "grammar": { "*wa-yyāsar*": "conjunction + Hiphil imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he removed", "*ʾēṯ*": "direct object marker", "*ʾōphan*": "noun, masculine singular construct - wheel of", "*markəḇōṯâw*": "noun, feminine plural + 3rd masculine singular suffix - his chariots", "*wa-yənahăḡēhû*": "conjunction + Piel imperfect, 3rd masculine singular + 3rd masculine singular suffix - and drove it", "*bi-ḵəḇēduṯ*": "preposition + noun, feminine singular - with heaviness/difficulty", "*wa-yyōʾmer*": "conjunction + Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and said", "*Miṣrayim*": "proper noun - Egypt/Egyptians", "*ʾānûsāh*": "Qal imperfect cohortative, 1st common singular - let me flee", "*mi-ppənê*": "preposition + noun, plural construct - from before", "*Yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel", "*kî*": "conjunction - for/because", "*YHWH*": "proper noun, divine name - Yahweh/LORD", "*nilḥām*": "Niphal participle, masculine singular - fighting", "*lāhem*": "preposition + 3rd masculine plural suffix - for them", "*bə-Miṣrāyim*": "preposition + proper noun - against Egypt/Egyptians" }, "variants": { "*wa-yyāsar*": "and he removed/and he took off", "*ʾōphan markəḇōṯâw*": "the wheel of his chariots/the wheels of his chariots", "*wa-yənahăḡēhû*": "and drove it/and he led it", "*bi-ḵəḇēduṯ*": "with heaviness/with difficulty/clumsily", "*ʾānûsāh*": "let me flee/I will flee", "*nilḥām*": "fighting/is fighting", "*bə-Miṣrāyim*": "against Egypt/against the Egyptians" } }
  • Deut 3:22 : 22 { "verseID": "Deuteronomy.3.22", "source": "לֹ֖א תִּ͏ְירָא֑וּם כִּ֚י יְהוָ֣ה אֱלֹֽהֵיכֶ֔ם ה֖וּא הַנִּלְחָ֥ם לָכֶֽם׃ ס", "text": "Not *lōʾ* you-shall-fear-them *tîrāʾûm* for *kî* *YHWH* *ʾĕlōhêkem* he *hûʾ* the-one-fighting *hannilḥām* for-you-all *lākem*.", "grammar": { "*lōʾ*": "negative particle - not", "*tîrāʾûm*": "verb, qal imperfect, 2nd person masculine plural + 3rd person masculine plural suffix - you shall fear them", "*kî*": "conjunction - for/because", "*YHWH*": "proper noun, divine name - Yahweh/LORD", "*ʾĕlōhêkem*": "noun, masculine plural + 2nd person masculine plural suffix - your God", "*hûʾ*": "pronoun, 3rd person masculine singular - he", "*hannilḥām*": "definite article + verb, niphal participle, masculine singular - the one fighting", "*lākem*": "preposition + 2nd person masculine plural suffix - for you all" }, "variants": { "*tîrāʾûm*": "fear/be afraid of/be in awe of them", "*hannilḥām*": "fighting/battling/waging war" } }
  • Josh 10:42 : 42 { "verseID": "Joshua.10.42", "source": "וְאֵת כָּל־הַמְּלָכִים הָאֵלֶּה וְאֶת־אַרְצָם לָכַד יְהוֹשֻׁעַ פַּעַם אֶחָת כִּי יְהוָה אֱלֹהֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל נִלְחָם לְיִשְׂרָאֵל", "text": "*wə-ʾēt* all-the-*məlāḵîm* the-these *wə-ʾet*-*ʾarṣām* *lāḵaḏ* *Yəhôšūaʿ* *paʿam* *ʾeḥāṯ* *kî* *YHWH* *ʾĕlōhê* *Yiśrāʾēl* *nilḥām* to-*Yiśrāʾēl*", "grammar": { "*wə-ʾēt*": "conjunction + direct object marker", "*məlāḵîm*": "common noun, masculine plural - kings", "*wə-ʾet*": "conjunction + direct object marker", "*ʾarṣām*": "common noun, feminine singular + 3rd person masculine plural suffix - their land", "*lāḵaḏ*": "Qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - he captured", "*Yəhôšūaʿ*": "proper noun, masculine singular - Joshua", "*paʿam*": "common noun, feminine singular - time/occurrence", "*ʾeḥāṯ*": "numeral, feminine singular - one", "*kî*": "conjunction - because/for", "*YHWH*": "proper noun, divine name - Yahweh/LORD", "*ʾĕlōhê*": "common noun, masculine plural construct - God of", "*Yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel", "*nilḥām*": "Niphal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - he fought", "to-*Yiśrāʾēl*": "preposition + proper noun - for Israel" }, "variants": { "*paʿam* *ʾeḥāṯ*": "once/at one time/all at once", "*nilḥām* to-*Yiśrāʾēl*": "fought for Israel/fought on behalf of Israel" } }
  • 1 Sam 17:45-46 : 45 { "verseID": "1 Samuel.17.45", "source": "וַיֹּ֤אמֶר דָּוִד֙ אֶל־הַפְּלִשְׁתִּ֔י אַתָּה֙ בָּ֣א אֵלַ֔י בְּחֶ֖רֶב וּבַחֲנִ֣ית וּבְכִיד֑וֹן וְאָנֹכִ֣י בָֽא־אֵלֶ֗יךָ בְּשֵׁם֙ יְהוָ֣ה צְבָא֔וֹת אֱלֹהֵ֛י מַעַרְכ֥וֹת יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל אֲשֶׁ֥ר חֵרַֽפְתָּ׃", "text": "*wə-yōʾmer* *Dāwid* to-the-*pəlištî* you *bāʾ* to-me with-*ḥereb* and-with-*ḥănît* and-with-*kîdôn* and-I *bāʾ*-to-you in-*šēm* *YHWH* *ṣəbāʾôt* *ʾĕlōhê* *maʿărəkôt* *Yiśrāʾēl* whom you-have-*ḥēraptā*", "grammar": { "*wə-yōʾmer*": "conjunction + qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and said", "*Dāwid*": "proper noun, masculine - David", "*pəlištî*": "noun, masculine singular with definite article - the Philistine", "*bāʾ*": "qal participle, masculine singular - coming/approaching", "*ḥereb*": "noun, feminine singular - sword", "*ḥănît*": "noun, feminine singular - spear", "*kîdôn*": "noun, masculine singular - javelin/scimitar", "*bāʾ*": "qal participle, masculine singular - coming/approaching", "*šēm*": "noun, masculine singular construct - name of", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - the LORD (divine name)", "*ṣəbāʾôt*": "noun, feminine plural construct - of hosts/armies", "*ʾĕlōhê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - God of", "*maʿărəkôt*": "noun, feminine plural construct - armies/ranks of", "*Yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel", "*ḥēraptā*": "piel perfect, 2nd masculine singular - you have defied/taunted/reproached" }, "variants": { "*kîdôn*": "javelin/scimitar/short spear", "*ṣəbāʾôt*": "armies/hosts/heavenly forces", "*maʿărəkôt*": "battle lines/ranks/armies", "*ḥēraptā*": "defied/taunted/reproached/insulted" } } 46 { "verseID": "1 Samuel.17.46", "source": "הַיּ֣וֹם הַזֶּ֡ה יְסַגֶּרְךָ֩ יְהוָ֨ה בְּיָדִ֜י וְהִכִּיתִ֗ךָ וַהֲסִרֹתִ֤י אֶת־רֹֽאשְׁךָ֙ מֵעָלֶ֔יךָ וְנָ֨תַתִּ֜י פֶּ֣גֶר מַחֲנֵ֤ה פְלִשְׁתִּים֙ הַיּ֣וֹם הַזֶּ֔ה לְע֥וֹף הַשָּׁמַ֖יִם וּלְחַיַּ֣ת הָאָ֑רֶץ וְיֵֽדְעוּ֙ כָּל־הָאָ֔רֶץ כִּ֛י יֵ֥שׁ אֱלֹהִ֖ים לְיִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃", "text": "the-*yôm* the-*zeh* *yəsaggerəkā* *YHWH* in-*yād*-my and-*hikkîtîkā* and-*hăsirōtî* *ʾet*-*rōʾš*-your from-upon-you and-*nātattî* *peger* *maḥănēh* *pəlištîm* the-*yôm* the-*zeh* to-*ʿôp* the-*šāmayim* and-to-*ḥayyat* the-*ʾāreṣ* and-*yēdəʿû* all-the-*ʾāreṣ* that *yēš* *ʾĕlōhîm* to-*Yiśrāʾēl*", "grammar": { "*yôm*": "noun, masculine singular with definite article - the day", "*zeh*": "demonstrative adjective, masculine singular - this", "*yəsaggerəkā*": "piel imperfect, 3rd masculine singular with 2nd masculine singular suffix - he will deliver you", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - the LORD (divine name)", "*yād*": "noun, feminine singular construct with 1st person suffix - my hand", "*hikkîtîkā*": "hiphil perfect, 1st singular with 2nd masculine singular suffix - I will strike you", "*hăsirōtî*": "hiphil perfect, 1st singular - I will remove", "*rōʾš*": "noun, masculine singular with 2nd masculine singular suffix - your head", "*nātattî*": "qal perfect, 1st singular - I will give", "*peger*": "noun, masculine singular construct - carcass/corpse of", "*maḥănēh*": "noun, masculine singular construct - camp/army of", "*pəlištîm*": "proper noun, masculine plural - Philistines", "*ʿôp*": "noun, masculine singular construct - birds/fowl of", "*šāmayim*": "noun, masculine plural with definite article - the heavens", "*ḥayyat*": "noun, feminine singular construct - beasts/animals of", "*ʾāreṣ*": "noun, feminine singular with definite article - the earth/land", "*yēdəʿû*": "qal imperfect, 3rd plural - they will know", "*yēš*": "existential particle - there is/exists", "*ʾĕlōhîm*": "noun, masculine plural - God", "*Yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel" }, "variants": { "*yəsaggerəkā*": "deliver you/shut you up/enclose you", "*peger*": "corpse/carcass/dead body", "*ʾĕlōhîm*": "God/gods (grammatically plural form used for singular deity)" } }
  • 2 Chr 14:11-12 : 11 { "verseID": "2 Chronicles.14.11", "source": "וַיִּגֹּ֤ף יְהוָה֙ אֶת־הַכּוּשִׁ֔ים לִפְנֵ֥י אָסָ֖א וְלִפְנֵ֣י יְהוּדָ֑ה וַיָּנֻ֖סוּ הַכּוּשִֽׁים", "text": "*wə-yiggōp* *YHWH* *ʾet-ha-kûšîm* *li-pnê* *ʾāsāʾ* *wə-li-pnê* *yəhûdāh* *wə-yānusû* *ha-kûšîm*", "grammar": { "*wə-yiggōp*": "conjunction + Qal imperfect 3ms - and he struck/defeated", "*YHWH*": "divine name - Yahweh", "*ʾet-ha-kûšîm*": "direct object marker + definite article + gentilic plural - the Cushites", "*li-pnê*": "preposition + noun, masculine plural construct - before/in front of", "*ʾāsāʾ*": "proper noun, masculine - Asa", "*wə-li-pnê*": "conjunction + preposition + noun, masculine plural construct - and before", "*yəhûdāh*": "proper noun - Judah", "*wə-yānusû*": "conjunction + Qal imperfect 3mp - and they fled", "*ha-kûšîm*": "definite article + gentilic plural - the Cushites" }, "variants": { "*yiggōp*": "struck/defeated/smote", "*kûšîm*": "Cushites/Ethiopians", "*yānusû*": "fled/ran away" } } 12 { "verseID": "2 Chronicles.14.12", "source": "וַיִּרְדְּפֵ֨ם אָסָ֜א וְהָעָ֣ם אֲשֶׁר־עִמּוֹ֮ עַד־לִגְרָר֒ וַיִּפֹּ֤ל מִכּוּשִׁים֙ לְאֵ֣ין לָהֶ֣ם מִֽחְיָ֔ה כִּֽי־נִשְׁבְּר֥וּ לִפְנֵֽי־יְהוָ֖ה וְלִפְנֵ֣י מַחֲנֵ֑הוּ וַיִּשְׂא֥וּ שָׁלָ֖ל הַרְבֵּ֥ה מְאֹֽד", "text": "*wə-yirdəpēm* *ʾāsāʾ* *wə-hā-ʿām* *ʾăšer-ʿimmô* *ʿad-li-gərār* *wə-yippōl* *mi-kûšîm* *lə-ʾên* *lāhem* *miḥyāh* *kî-nišbərû* *li-pnê-YHWH* *wə-li-pnê* *maḥănēhû* *wə-yiśʾû* *šālāl* *harbēh* *məʾōd*", "grammar": { "*wə-yirdəpēm*": "conjunction + Qal imperfect 3ms + 3mp suffix - and he pursued them", "*ʾāsāʾ*": "proper noun, masculine - Asa", "*wə-hā-ʿām*": "conjunction + definite article + noun, masculine singular - and the people", "*ʾăšer-ʿimmô*": "relative pronoun + preposition + 3ms suffix - who were with him", "*ʿad-li-gərār*": "preposition + preposition + proper noun - as far as Gerar", "*wə-yippōl*": "conjunction + Qal imperfect 3ms - and there fell", "*mi-kûšîm*": "preposition + gentilic plural - from the Cushites", "*lə-ʾên*": "preposition + particle of negation - to no", "*lāhem*": "preposition + 3mp suffix - to them", "*miḥyāh*": "noun, feminine singular - preservation/recovery/revival", "*kî-nišbərû*": "conjunction + Niphal perfect 3cp - for they were broken/shattered", "*li-pnê-YHWH*": "preposition + noun, masculine plural construct + divine name - before Yahweh", "*wə-li-pnê*": "conjunction + preposition + noun, masculine plural construct - and before", "*maḥănēhû*": "noun, masculine singular construct + 3ms suffix - his army/camp", "*wə-yiśʾû*": "conjunction + Qal imperfect 3mp - and they carried away", "*šālāl*": "noun, masculine singular - spoil/plunder", "*harbēh*": "adjective, masculine singular - much/many", "*məʾōd*": "adverb - very/exceedingly" }, "variants": { "*yirdəpēm*": "pursued them/chased after them", "*yippōl*": "fell/was felled", "*miḥyāh*": "preservation/recovery/escape/life/livelihood", "*nišbərû*": "were broken/were shattered/were crushed", "*maḥănēhû*": "his army/his camp/his host", "*šālāl*": "spoil/plunder/booty" } }
  • 2 Chr 32:8 : 8 { "verseID": "2 Chronicles.32.8", "source": "עִמּוֹ֙ זְר֣וֹע בָּשָׂ֔ר וְעִמָּ֜נוּ יְהוָ֤ה אֱלֹהֵ֙ינוּ֙ לְעָזְרֵ֔נוּ וּלְהִלָּחֵ֖ם מִלְחֲמֹתֵ֑נוּ וַיִּסָּמְכ֣וּ הָעָ֔ם עַל־דִּבְרֵ֖י יְחִזְקִיָּ֥הוּ מֶֽלֶךְ־יְהוּדָֽה", "text": "With-him *zərôaʿ* *bāśār* and-with-us *YHWH* *ʾĕlōhênû* to-*ʿāzərēnû* and-to-*hillāḥēm* *milḥămōṯēnû* *wa-yissāməḵû* the-*ʿām* upon-*diḇrê* *yəḥizqîyyāhû* *meleḵ*-*yəhûḏāh*", "grammar": { "*zərôaʿ*": "feminine singular noun construct - arm of", "*bāśār*": "masculine singular noun - flesh", "*YHWH*": "divine name - Yahweh", "*ʾĕlōhênû*": "masculine plural noun with 1st person plural suffix - our God", "*ʿāzərēnû*": "qal infinitive construct with 1st person plural suffix - to help us", "*hillāḥēm*": "niphal infinitive construct - to fight", "*milḥămōṯēnû*": "feminine plural noun with 1st person plural suffix - our battles/wars", "*wa-yissāməḵû*": "waw consecutive + niphal imperfect, 3rd masculine plural - and they leaned/relied", "*ʿām*": "masculine singular noun with definite article - the people", "*diḇrê*": "masculine plural construct - words of", "*yəḥizqîyyāhû*": "proper noun - Hezekiah", "*meleḵ*": "masculine singular construct - king of", "*yəhûḏāh*": "proper noun - Judah" }, "variants": { "*zərôaʿ bāśār*": "arm of flesh/human strength/mortal power", "*ʿāzar*": "to help/assist/support", "*hillāḥēm*": "to fight/wage war/do battle", "*sāmaḵ*": "to lean on/support/rely on" } }
  • Ps 46:11 : 11 { "verseID": "Psalms.46.11", "source": "הַרְפּ֣וּ וּ֭דְעוּ כִּי־אָנֹכִ֣י אֱלֹהִ֑ים אָר֥וּם בַּ֝גּוֹיִ֗ם אָר֥וּם בָּאָֽרֶץ׃", "text": "*harpû* and-*dəʿû* *kî*-*ʾānōkî* *ʾĕlōhîm* *ʾārûm* in-the-*gôyim* *ʾārûm* in-the-*ʾāreṣ*", "grammar": { "*harpû*": "hiphil imperative masculine plural - cease/drop/let go", "*û-dəʿû*": "conjunction + qal imperative masculine plural - and know", "*kî-ʾānōkî*": "conjunction + 1st person singular personal pronoun - that I", "*ʾĕlōhîm*": "masculine plural noun - God", "*ʾārûm*": "qal imperfect 1st person singular - I will be exalted", "*ba-gôyim*": "preposition + definite article + masculine plural noun - among the nations", "*ʾārûm*": "qal imperfect 1st person singular - I will be exalted", "*bā-ʾāreṣ*": "preposition + definite article + feminine singular noun - in the earth" }, "variants": { "*harpû*": "cease/drop/let go/be still", "*dəʿû*": "know/understand/perceive", "*ʾānōkî*": "I/myself (emphatic)", "*ʾārûm*": "I will be exalted/lifted up/raised high" } }
  • Ps 78:11-13 : 11 { "verseID": "Psalms.78.11", "source": "וַיִּשְׁכְּח֥וּ עֲלִילוֹתָ֑יו וְ֝נִפְלְאוֹתָ֗יו אֲשֶׁ֣ר הֶרְאָֽם׃", "text": "And they *wayyišəkᵉḥû* his *ʿălîlôtāyw* and his *wᵉnip̄lᵉʾôtāyw* *ʾăšer* he *herʾām*", "grammar": { "*wayyišəkᵉḥû*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine plural - and they forgot", "*ʿălîlôtāyw*": "noun, feminine plural with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his deeds/works", "*wᵉnip̄lᵉʾôtāyw*": "waw conjunctive + noun, feminine plural with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - and his wonders/marvelous deeds", "*ʾăšer*": "relative particle - which/that", "*herʾām*": "hiphil perfect, 3rd person masculine singular with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - he showed/caused them to see" }, "variants": { "*wayyišəkᵉḥû*": "and they forgot/neglected/ignored", "*ʿălîlôtāyw*": "his deeds/works/actions/practices", "*nip̄lᵉʾôtāyw*": "his wonders/marvelous deeds/miracles", "*herʾām*": "he showed them/caused them to see/displayed to them" } } 12 { "verseID": "Psalms.78.12", "source": "נֶ֣גֶד אֲ֭בוֹתָם עָ֣שָׂה פֶ֑לֶא בְּאֶ֖רֶץ מִצְרַ֣יִם שְׂדֵה־צֹֽעַן׃", "text": "In front of *neḡeḏ* their *ʾăḇôtām* he *ʿāśâ* *p̄eleʾ* in land of *bᵉʾereṣ* *miṣrayim* field of-*śᵉḏê*-*ṣōʿan*", "grammar": { "*neḡeḏ*": "preposition - in front of/in the sight of", "*ʾăḇôtām*": "noun, masculine plural with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - their fathers", "*ʿāśâ*": "qal perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - he did/made/performed", "*p̄eleʾ*": "noun, masculine singular - wonder/marvel", "*bᵉʾereṣ*": "preposition + noun, feminine singular construct - in the land of", "*miṣrayim*": "proper noun - Egypt", "*śᵉḏê*": "noun, masculine singular construct - field of", "*ṣōʿan*": "proper noun - Zoan" }, "variants": { "*neḡeḏ*": "in front of/in the sight of/before/in the presence of", "*ʿāśâ*": "did/made/performed/accomplished", "*p̄eleʾ*": "wonder/marvel/miracle/extraordinary act", "*śᵉḏê*": "field/country/territory/region" } } 13 { "verseID": "Psalms.78.13", "source": "בָּ֣קַע יָ֭ם וַיַּֽעֲבִירֵ֑ם וַֽיַּצֶּב־מַ֥יִם כְּמוֹ־נֵ‪[c]‬ד׃", "text": "He *bāqaʿ* *yām* and he *wayyaʿăḇîrēm* and he *wayyaṣṣeḇ*-*mayim* like-*kᵉmô*-*nēḏ*", "grammar": { "*bāqaʿ*": "qal perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - he split/divided", "*yām*": "noun, masculine singular - sea", "*wayyaʿăḇîrēm*": "waw consecutive + hiphil imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - and he caused them to pass through", "*wayyaṣṣeḇ*": "waw consecutive + hiphil imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - and he caused to stand", "*mayim*": "noun, masculine plural - waters", "*kᵉmô*": "preposition - like/as", "*nēḏ*": "noun, masculine singular - heap/pile" }, "variants": { "*bāqaʿ*": "split/divided/broke open/tore", "*yām*": "sea/large body of water", "*wayyaʿăḇîrēm*": "and he caused them to pass through/led them across", "*wayyaṣṣeḇ*": "and he caused to stand/set up/established", "*nēḏ*": "heap/pile/mound/wall" } }
  • Ps 78:43-51 : 43 { "verseID": "Psalms.78.43", "source": "אֲשֶׁר־שָׂ֣ם בְּ֭מִצְרַיִם אֹֽתוֹתָ֑יו וּ֝מוֹפְתָ֗יו בִּשְׂדֵה־צֹֽעַן׃", "text": "which-*śām* in-*miṣrayim* *ʾōtōtāyw* and-*mōphətāyw* in-*śədēh*-*ṣōʿan*", "grammar": { "*śām*": "Qal perfect 3rd masculine singular - he placed/set", "*miṣrayim*": "proper name - Egypt", "*ʾōtōtāyw*": "masculine plural noun with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his signs", "*mōphətāyw*": "masculine plural noun with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his wonders/portents", "*śədēh*": "masculine singular construct - field of", "*ṣōʿan*": "proper name - Zoan" }, "variants": { "*śām*": "placed/set/established", "*ʾōtōtāyw*": "his signs/his tokens/his omens", "*mōphətāyw*": "his wonders/his portents/his miracles", "*śədēh*": "field/countryside/territory" } } 44 { "verseID": "Psalms.78.44", "source": "וַיַּהֲפֹ֣ךְ לְ֭דָם יְאֹרֵיהֶ֑ם וְ֝נֹזְלֵיהֶ֗ם בַּל־יִשְׁתָּיֽוּן׃", "text": "*wə-yahăphōk* to-*dām* *yəʾōrêhem* and-*nōzlêhem* not-*yištāyûn*", "grammar": { "*wə-yahăphōk*": "Qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular with waw consecutive - and he turned/changed", "*dām*": "masculine singular noun - blood", "*yəʾōrêhem*": "masculine plural noun with 3rd masculine plural suffix - their rivers/streams", "*nōzlêhem*": "masculine plural noun with 3rd masculine plural suffix - their flowing streams", "*yištāyûn*": "Qal imperfect 3rd masculine plural with paragogic nun - they could drink" }, "variants": { "*yahăphōk*": "turned/changed/transformed", "*yəʾōrêhem*": "their rivers/their Nile streams/their canals", "*nōzlêhem*": "their flowing streams/their brooks/their water courses", "*yištāyûn*": "could drink/would drink" } } 45 { "verseID": "Psalms.78.45", "source": "יְשַׁלַּ֬ח בָּהֶ֣ם עָ֭רֹב וַיֹּאכְלֵ֑ם וּ֝צְפַרְדֵּ֗עַ וַתַּשְׁחִיתֵֽם׃", "text": "*yəšallaḥ* among-them *ʿārōb* *wə-yōʾklēm* and-*ṣəphardēaʿ* *wə-tašḥîtēm*", "grammar": { "*yəšallaḥ*": "Piel imperfect 3rd masculine singular - he sent", "*ʿārōb*": "masculine singular noun - swarm/flies", "*wə-yōʾklēm*": "Qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular with 3rd masculine plural suffix with waw consecutive - and they devoured them", "*ṣəphardēaʿ*": "feminine singular noun (collective) - frogs", "*wə-tašḥîtēm*": "Hiphil imperfect 3rd feminine singular with 3rd masculine plural suffix with waw consecutive - and it/they destroyed them" }, "variants": { "*yəšallaḥ*": "sent/let loose/sent forth", "*ʿārōb*": "swarm/flies/mixture of insects", "*ṣəphardēaʿ*": "frogs (collective)", "*wə-tašḥîtēm*": "destroyed them/brought ruin upon them" } } 46 { "verseID": "Psalms.78.46", "source": "וַיִּתֵּ֣ן לֶחָסִ֣יל יְבוּלָ֑ם וִֽ֝יגִיעָ֗ם לָאַרְבֶּֽה׃", "text": "*wə-yittēn* to-*ḥāsîl* *yəbûlām* and-*yəgîʿām* to-the-*ʾarbeh*", "grammar": { "*wə-yittēn*": "Qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular with waw consecutive - and he gave", "*ḥāsîl*": "masculine singular noun - locust/caterpillar", "*yəbûlām*": "masculine singular noun with 3rd masculine plural suffix - their produce", "*yəgîʿām*": "masculine singular noun with 3rd masculine plural suffix - their labor/toil", "*ʾarbeh*": "masculine singular noun with article - the locust" }, "variants": { "*ḥāsîl*": "locust/caterpillar/devourer", "*yəbûlām*": "their produce/their crops/their yield", "*yəgîʿām*": "their labor/their toil/fruit of their labor", "*ʾarbeh*": "locust/grasshopper" } } 47 { "verseID": "Psalms.78.47", "source": "יַהֲרֹ֣ג בַּבָּרָ֣ד גַּפְנָ֑ם וְ֝שִׁקְמוֹתָ֗ם בַּֽחֲנָמַֽל׃", "text": "*yaharōg* with-the-*bārād* *gaphnām* and-*šiqmōtām* with-the-*ḥănāmal*", "grammar": { "*yaharōg*": "Qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - he killed/destroyed", "*bārād*": "masculine singular noun with article - the hail", "*gaphnām*": "feminine singular noun with 3rd masculine plural suffix - their vine", "*šiqmōtām*": "feminine plural noun with 3rd masculine plural suffix - their sycamore trees", "*ḥănāmal*": "masculine singular noun with article - the frost/sleet" }, "variants": { "*yaharōg*": "killed/destroyed/slew", "*gaphnām*": "their vine/their vineyard", "*šiqmōtām*": "their sycamore trees/their fig-mulberry trees", "*ḥănāmal*": "frost/sleet/hail" } } 48 { "verseID": "Psalms.78.48", "source": "וַיַּסְגֵּ֣ר לַבָּרָ֣ד בְּעִירָ֑ם וּ֝מִקְנֵיהֶ֗ם לָרְשָׁפִֽים׃", "text": "*wə-yasgēr* to-the-*bārād* *bəʿîrām* and-*miqnêhem* to-*rəšāphîm*", "grammar": { "*wə-yasgēr*": "Hiphil imperfect 3rd masculine singular with waw consecutive - and he delivered over/gave up", "*bārād*": "masculine singular noun with article - the hail", "*bəʿîrām*": "feminine singular noun with 3rd masculine plural suffix - their cattle/beasts", "*miqnêhem*": "masculine singular noun with 3rd masculine plural suffix - their livestock/cattle", "*rəšāphîm*": "masculine plural noun - flames/fiery bolts/thunderbolts" }, "variants": { "*wə-yasgēr*": "delivered over/gave up/shut up", "*bəʿîrām*": "their cattle/their beasts/their livestock", "*miqnêhem*": "their livestock/their cattle/their possessions", "*rəšāphîm*": "flames/fiery bolts/lightning/thunderbolts" } } 49 { "verseID": "Psalms.78.49", "source": "יְשַׁלַּח־בָּ֨ם ׀ חֲר֬וֹן אַפּ֗וֹ עֶבְרָ֣ה וָזַ֣עַם וְצָרָ֑ה מִ֝שְׁלַ֗חַת מַלְאֲכֵ֥י רָעִֽים׃", "text": "*yəšallaḥ*-against-them *ḥărōn* *ʾappō* *ʿebrāh* and-*zaʿam* and-*ṣārāh* *mišlaḥat* *malʾăkê* *rāʿîm*", "grammar": { "*yəšallaḥ*": "Piel imperfect 3rd masculine singular - he sent", "*ḥărōn*": "masculine singular construct - burning of", "*ʾappō*": "masculine singular noun with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his anger/nostrils", "*ʿebrāh*": "feminine singular noun - fury/wrath/overflow", "*zaʿam*": "masculine singular noun - indignation/anger", "*ṣārāh*": "feminine singular noun - distress/trouble", "*mišlaḥat*": "feminine singular construct - sending/deputation of", "*malʾăkê*": "masculine plural construct - messengers/angels of", "*rāʿîm*": "masculine plural adjective - evil/bad" }, "variants": { "*ḥărōn*": "burning/heat/fierceness", "*ʾappō*": "his anger/his wrath/his nose", "*ʿebrāh*": "fury/wrath/rage/overflow", "*zaʿam*": "indignation/anger/denouncement", "*ṣārāh*": "distress/trouble/affliction", "*mišlaḥat*": "sending/deputation/discharge", "*malʾăkê rāʿîm*": "messengers of evil/evil angels/angels of destruction" } } 50 { "verseID": "Psalms.78.50", "source": "יְפַלֵּ֥ס נָתִ֗יב לְאַ֫פּ֥וֹ לֹא־חָשַׂ֣ךְ מִמָּ֣וֶת נַפְשָׁ֑ם וְ֝חַיָּתָ֗ם לַדֶּ֥בֶר הִסְגִּֽיר׃", "text": "*yəphallēs* *nātîb* for-*ʾappō* not-*ḥāśak* from-*māwet* *naphšām* and-*ḥayyātām* to-the-*deber* *hisgîr*", "grammar": { "*yəphallēs*": "Piel imperfect 3rd masculine singular - he leveled/made a path", "*nātîb*": "masculine singular noun - path/way", "*ʾappō*": "masculine singular noun with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his anger", "*ḥāśak*": "Qal perfect 3rd masculine singular - he withheld/spared", "*māwet*": "masculine singular noun - death", "*naphšām*": "feminine singular noun with 3rd masculine plural suffix - their soul/life", "*ḥayyātām*": "feminine singular noun with 3rd masculine plural suffix - their life", "*deber*": "masculine singular noun with article - the pestilence/plague", "*hisgîr*": "Hiphil perfect 3rd masculine singular - he delivered over/gave up" }, "variants": { "*yəphallēs*": "leveled/made a path/prepared", "*nātîb*": "path/way/track", "*ʾappō*": "his anger/his wrath", "*ḥāśak*": "withheld/spared/kept back", "*naphšām*": "their soul/their life/themselves", "*ḥayyātām*": "their life/their living creatures", "*deber*": "pestilence/plague/disease", "*hisgîr*": "delivered over/gave up/surrendered" } } 51 { "verseID": "Psalms.78.51", "source": "וַיַּ֣ךְ כָּל־בְּכ֣וֹר בְּמִצְרָ֑יִם רֵאשִׁ֥ית א֝וֹנִ֗ים בְּאָהֳלֵי־חָֽם׃", "text": "*wə-yak* all-*bəkōr* in-*miṣrayim* *rēʾšît* *ʾônîm* in-*ʾohŏlê*-*ḥām*", "grammar": { "*wə-yak*": "Hiphil imperfect 3rd masculine singular with waw consecutive - and he smote/struck", "*bəkōr*": "masculine singular noun - firstborn", "*miṣrayim*": "proper name - Egypt", "*rēʾšît*": "feminine singular construct - beginning/first of", "*ʾônîm*": "masculine plural noun - strength/vigor/manly vigor", "*ʾohŏlê*": "masculine plural construct - tents of", "*ḥām*": "proper name - Ham" }, "variants": { "*wə-yak*": "smote/struck/hit", "*bəkōr*": "firstborn", "*rēʾšît*": "beginning/first/firstfruits", "*ʾônîm*": "strength/vigor/manly vigor/reproductive power", "*ʾohŏlê*": "tents/dwelling places", "*ḥām*": "Ham (progenitor of Egypt)" } }
  • Ps 105:27-36 : 27 { "verseID": "Psalms.105.27", "source": "שָֽׂמוּ־בָ֭ם דִּבְרֵ֣י אֹתוֹתָ֑יו וּ֝מֹפְתִ֗ים בְּאֶ֣רֶץ חָֽם׃", "text": "*śāmū*-in-them *dibrēy* *ʾōtōtāyw* *ū-mōpətīm* in-*ʾereṣ* *Ḥām*", "grammar": { "*śāmū*": "qal perfect, 3mp - they placed", "*dibrēy*": "noun, masculine plural construct - words of", "*ʾōtōtāyw*": "noun, masculine plural construct with 3ms suffix - his signs", "*ū-mōpətīm*": "conjunction + noun, masculine plural - and wonders", "*ʾereṣ*": "noun, feminine singular construct - land of", "*Ḥām*": "proper name - Ham" }, "variants": { "*śāmū*": "placed/put/performed", "*dibrēy*": "words/matters/acts", "*ʾōtōtāyw*": "his signs/tokens/miraculous indicators", "*mōpətīm*": "wonders/portents/miracles", "*ʾereṣ*": "land/territory/country", "*Ḥām*": "Ham (poetic reference to Egypt)" } } 28 { "verseID": "Psalms.105.28", "source": "שָׁ֣לַֽח חֹ֭שֶׁךְ וַיַּחְשִׁ֑ךְ וְלֹֽא־מָ֝ר֗וּ אֶת־*דברוו **דְּבָרֽוֹ׃", "text": "*šālaḥ* *ḥōšek* *wa-yyaḥšik* *wə-lōʾ*-*mārū* *ʾet*-*dəbārō*", "grammar": { "*šālaḥ*": "qal perfect, 3ms - he sent", "*ḥōšek*": "noun, masculine singular - darkness", "*wa-yyaḥšik*": "conjunction + hiphil imperfect (consecutive), 3ms - and it became dark", "*wə-lōʾ*": "conjunction + negative particle - and not", "*mārū*": "qal perfect, 3cp - they rebelled against", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*dəbārō*": "noun, masculine singular construct with 3ms suffix - his word" }, "variants": { "*šālaḥ*": "sent/dispatched", "*ḥōšek*": "darkness/obscurity", "*wa-yyaḥšik*": "and it became dark/darkened", "*mārū*": "rebelled against/disobeyed/defied", "*dəbārō*": "his word/command/speech" } } 29 { "verseID": "Psalms.105.29", "source": "הָפַ֣ךְ אֶת־מֵימֵיהֶ֣ם לְדָ֑ם וַ֝יָּ֗מֶת אֶת־דְּגָתָֽם׃", "text": "*hāpak* *ʾet*-*mēymēyhem* to-*dām* *wa-yyāmet* *ʾet*-*dəgātām*", "grammar": { "*hāpak*": "qal perfect, 3ms - he turned", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*mēymēyhem*": "noun, masculine plural construct with 3mp suffix - their waters", "*dām*": "noun, masculine singular - blood", "*wa-yyāmet*": "conjunction + hiphil imperfect (consecutive), 3ms - and he killed", "*dəgātām*": "noun, feminine singular construct with 3mp suffix - their fish" }, "variants": { "*hāpak*": "turned/changed/transformed", "*mēymēyhem*": "their waters/fluids", "*dām*": "blood/bloodshed", "*wa-yyāmet*": "and he killed/caused to die", "*dəgātām*": "their fish/aquatic creatures" } } 30 { "verseID": "Psalms.105.30", "source": "שָׁרַ֣ץ אַרְצָ֣ם צְפַרְדְּעִ֑ים בְּ֝חַדְרֵ֗י מַלְכֵיהֶֽם׃", "text": "*šāraṣ* *ʾarṣām* *ṣəpardəʿīm* in-*ḥadrēy* *malkēyhem*", "grammar": { "*šāraṣ*": "qal perfect, 3ms - it teemed/swarmed", "*ʾarṣām*": "noun, feminine singular construct with 3mp suffix - their land", "*ṣəpardəʿīm*": "noun, masculine plural - frogs", "*ḥadrēy*": "noun, masculine plural construct - chambers of", "*malkēyhem*": "noun, masculine plural construct with 3mp suffix - their kings" }, "variants": { "*šāraṣ*": "teemed/swarmed/bred abundantly", "*ʾarṣām*": "their land/territory/country", "*ṣəpardəʿīm*": "frogs/amphibians", "*ḥadrēy*": "chambers/rooms/inner quarters", "*malkēyhem*": "their kings/rulers" } } 31 { "verseID": "Psalms.105.31", "source": "אָ֭מַר וַיָּבֹ֣א עָרֹ֑ב כִּ֝נִּ֗ים בְּכָל־גְּבוּלָֽם׃", "text": "*ʾāmar* *wa-yyābōʾ* *ʿārōb* *kinnīm* in-all-*gəbūlām*", "grammar": { "*ʾāmar*": "qal perfect, 3ms - he said/spoke", "*wa-yyābōʾ*": "conjunction + qal imperfect (consecutive), 3ms - and it came", "*ʿārōb*": "noun, masculine singular - swarm (of flies)", "*kinnīm*": "noun, feminine plural - gnats/lice", "*gəbūlām*": "noun, masculine singular construct with 3mp suffix - their territory" }, "variants": { "*ʾāmar*": "said/spoke/commanded", "*wa-yyābōʾ*": "and it came/arrived", "*ʿārōb*": "swarm (of flies)/mixture of insects", "*kinnīm*": "gnats/lice/mosquitoes", "*gəbūlām*": "their territory/border/region" } } 32 { "verseID": "Psalms.105.32", "source": "נָתַ֣ן גִּשְׁמֵיהֶ֣ם בָּרָ֑ד אֵ֖שׁ לֶהָב֣וֹת בְּאַרְצָֽם׃", "text": "*nātan* *gišmēyhem* *bārād* *ʾēš* *lehābōt* in-*ʾarṣām*", "grammar": { "*nātan*": "qal perfect, 3ms - he gave", "*gišmēyhem*": "noun, masculine plural construct with 3mp suffix - their rains", "*bārād*": "noun, masculine singular - hail", "*ʾēš*": "noun, feminine singular - fire", "*lehābōt*": "noun, feminine plural - flames", "*ʾarṣām*": "noun, feminine singular construct with 3mp suffix - their land" }, "variants": { "*nātan*": "gave/made/appointed/turned", "*gišmēyhem*": "their rains/showers/precipitation", "*bārād*": "hail/ice pellets", "*ʾēš*": "fire/lightning", "*lehābōt*": "flames/blazes", "*ʾarṣām*": "their land/country/territory" } } 33 { "verseID": "Psalms.105.33", "source": "וַיַּ֣ךְ גַּ֭פְנָם וּתְאֵנָתָ֑ם וַ֝יְשַׁבֵּ֗ר עֵ֣ץ גְּבוּלָֽם׃", "text": "*wa-yyak* *gapnām* *ū-təʾēnātām* *wa-yəšabbēr* *ʿēṣ* *gəbūlām*", "grammar": { "*wa-yyak*": "conjunction + hiphil imperfect (consecutive), 3ms - and he struck", "*gapnām*": "noun, feminine singular construct with 3mp suffix - their vine", "*ū-təʾēnātām*": "conjunction + noun, feminine singular construct with 3mp suffix - and their fig tree", "*wa-yəšabbēr*": "conjunction + piel imperfect (consecutive), 3ms - and he broke", "*ʿēṣ*": "noun, masculine singular construct - tree of", "*gəbūlām*": "noun, masculine singular construct with 3mp suffix - their territory" }, "variants": { "*wa-yyak*": "and he struck/smote/hit", "*gapnām*": "their vine/vineyard", "*təʾēnātām*": "their fig tree/fig grove", "*wa-yəšabbēr*": "and he broke/shattered/splintered", "*ʿēṣ*": "tree/wood/timber", "*gəbūlām*": "their territory/border/region" } } 34 { "verseID": "Psalms.105.34", "source": "אָ֭מַר וַיָּבֹ֣א אַרְבֶּ֑ה וְ֝יֶ֗לֶק וְאֵ֣ין מִסְפָּֽר׃", "text": "*ʾāmar* *wa-yyābōʾ* *ʾarbeh* *wə-yeleq* *wə-ʾēyn* *mispār*", "grammar": { "*ʾāmar*": "qal perfect, 3ms - he said/spoke", "*wa-yyābōʾ*": "conjunction + qal imperfect (consecutive), 3ms - and it came", "*ʾarbeh*": "noun, masculine singular - locust", "*wə-yeleq*": "conjunction + noun, masculine singular - and young locust", "*wə-ʾēyn*": "conjunction + particle of negation - and no", "*mispār*": "noun, masculine singular - number/count" }, "variants": { "*ʾāmar*": "said/spoke/commanded", "*wa-yyābōʾ*": "and it came/arrived", "*ʾarbeh*": "locust/grasshopper", "*yeleq*": "young locust/caterpillar/hopper", "*mispār*": "number/count/quantity" } } 35 { "verseID": "Psalms.105.35", "source": "וַיֹּ֣אכַל כָּל־עֵ֣שֶׂב בְּאַרְצָ֑ם וַ֝יֹּ֗אכַל פְּרִ֣י אַדְמָתָֽם׃", "text": "*wa-yyōʾkal* all-*ʿēśeb* in-*ʾarṣām* *wa-yyōʾkal* *pərī* *ʾadmātām*", "grammar": { "*wa-yyōʾkal*": "conjunction + qal imperfect (consecutive), 3ms - and it ate", "*ʿēśeb*": "noun, masculine singular - vegetation/herb", "*ʾarṣām*": "noun, feminine singular construct with 3mp suffix - their land", "*pərī*": "noun, masculine singular construct - fruit of", "*ʾadmātām*": "noun, feminine singular construct with 3mp suffix - their ground" }, "variants": { "*wa-yyōʾkal*": "and it ate/consumed/devoured", "*ʿēśeb*": "vegetation/herb/plant/grass", "*ʾarṣām*": "their land/country/territory", "*pərī*": "fruit/produce/yield", "*ʾadmātām*": "their ground/soil/land" } } 36 { "verseID": "Psalms.105.36", "source": "וַיַּ֣ךְ כָּל־בְּכ֣וֹר בְּאַרְצָ֑ם רֵ֝אשִׁ֗ית לְכָל־אוֹנָֽם׃", "text": "*wa-yyak* all-*bəkōr* in-*ʾarṣām* *rēʾšīt* to-all-*ʾōnām*", "grammar": { "*wa-yyak*": "conjunction + hiphil imperfect (consecutive), 3ms - and he struck", "*bəkōr*": "noun, masculine singular - firstborn", "*ʾarṣām*": "noun, feminine singular construct with 3mp suffix - their land", "*rēʾšīt*": "noun, feminine singular construct - first/beginning of", "*ʾōnām*": "noun, masculine singular construct with 3mp suffix - their strength" }, "variants": { "*wa-yyak*": "and he struck/smote/killed", "*bəkōr*": "firstborn/eldest son", "*ʾarṣām*": "their land/country/territory", "*rēʾšīt*": "first/beginning/firstfruits", "*ʾōnām*": "their strength/vigor/might/manhood" } }
  • Isa 8:9-9 : 9 { "verseID": "Isaiah.8.9", "source": "רֹ֤עוּ עַמִּים֙ וָחֹ֔תּוּ וְהַֽאֲזִ֔ינוּ כֹּ֖ל מֶרְחַקֵּי־אָ֑רֶץ הִתְאַזְּר֣וּ וָחֹ֔תּוּ הִֽתְאַזְּר֖וּ וָחֹֽתּוּ׃", "text": "*rōʿû ʿammîm* and-*ḥōttû* and-*haʾăzînû* all *merḥaqqê*-*ʾāreṣ hitʾazzərû* and-*ḥōttû hitʾazzərû* and-*ḥōttû*", "grammar": { "*rōʿû*": "qal imperative masculine plural - be shattered/broken", "*ʿammîm*": "noun masculine plural - peoples/nations", "*ḥōttû*": "qal imperative masculine plural - be dismayed/terrified", "*haʾăzînû*": "hiphil imperative masculine plural - give ear/listen", "*merḥaqqê*": "noun masculine plural construct - distant places of", "*ʾāreṣ*": "noun feminine singular - earth/land", "*hitʾazzərû*": "hithpael imperative masculine plural - arm yourselves/gird yourselves" }, "variants": { "*rōʿû*": "be shattered/be broken/be evil (possibly from different root)", "*ḥōttû*": "be dismayed/be terrified/be shattered", "*haʾăzînû*": "give ear/listen attentively/pay attention", "*hitʾazzərû*": "arm yourselves/gird yourselves/prepare yourselves", "*merḥaqqê-ʾāreṣ*": "distant parts of the earth/far regions of the land" } } 10 { "verseID": "Isaiah.8.10", "source": "עֻ֥צוּ עֵצָ֖ה וְתֻפָ֑ר דַּבְּר֤וּ דָבָר֙ וְלֹ֣א יָק֔וּם כִּ֥י עִמָּ֖נוּ אֵֽל׃", "text": "*ʿuṣû ʿēṣāh* and-*tupār dabbərû dābār* and-not *yāqûm kî ʿimmānû ʾēl*", "grammar": { "*ʿuṣû*": "qal imperative masculine plural - take/make counsel/plan", "*ʿēṣāh*": "noun feminine singular - counsel/advice/plan", "*tupār*": "hophal imperfect 3rd feminine singular - it will be broken/annulled", "*dabbərû*": "piel imperative masculine plural - speak", "*dābār*": "noun masculine singular - word/speech/matter", "*yāqûm*": "qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - it will stand/be established", "*kî*": "conjunction - for/because", "*ʿimmānû*": "preposition + 1st person plural suffix - with us", "*ʾēl*": "noun masculine singular - God" }, "variants": { "*ʿuṣû ʿēṣāh*": "devise a plan/take counsel/formulate strategy", "*tupār*": "it will be broken/it will be frustrated/it will come to nothing", "*dabbərû dābār*": "speak a word/issue a decree/make a proclamation", "*yāqûm*": "it will stand/it will be established/it will come to pass", "*ʿimmānû ʾēl*": "God is with us/Immanuel (can be read as statement or name)" } }
  • Rom 8:31 : 31 { "verseID": "Romans.8.31", "source": "Τί οὖν ἐροῦμεν πρὸς ταῦτα; Εἰ ὁ Θεὸς ὑπὲρ ἡμῶν, τίς καθʼ ἡμῶν;", "text": "What *oun eroumen pros tauta*? *Ei ho Theos hyper hēmōn, tis kath' hēmōn*?", "grammar": { "*Ti*": "interrogative pronoun nominative neuter singular - what", "*oun*": "inferential conjunction - therefore/then", "*eroumen*": "future active indicative 1st person plural - we will say", "*pros*": "preposition with accusative - toward/regarding", "*tauta*": "demonstrative pronoun accusative neuter plural - these things", "*Ei*": "conditional particle - if", "*ho Theos*": "nominative masculine singular - God", "*hyper*": "preposition with genitive - for/on behalf of", "*hēmōn*": "genitive 1st person plural - us", "*tis*": "interrogative pronoun nominative masculine singular - who", "*kath'*": "preposition with genitive - against", "*hēmōn*": "genitive 1st person plural - us" }, "variants": { "*eroumen*": "we will say/speak/respond [future]", "*pros tauta*": "toward these things/with reference to these things/in response to these", "*hyper hēmōn*": "for us/on our behalf/in our favor", "*kath' hēmōn*": "against us/in opposition to us" } }
  • Rom 8:37 : 37 { "verseID": "Romans.8.37", "source": "Ἀλλʼ, ἐν τούτοις πᾶσιν ὑπερνικῶμεν διὰ τοῦ ἀγαπήσαντος ἡμᾶς.", "text": "*All', en toutois pasin hypernikōmen dia tou agapēsantos hēmas*.", "grammar": { "*All'*": "adversative conjunction - but/yet", "*en*": "preposition with dative - in", "*toutois*": "demonstrative pronoun dative neuter plural - these things", "*pasin*": "dative neuter plural - all", "*hypernikōmen*": "present active indicative 1st person plural - we are more than conquerors", "*dia*": "preposition with genitive - through", "*tou agapēsantos*": "genitive masculine singular aorist active participle - the one having loved", "*hēmas*": "accusative 1st person plural - us" }, "variants": { "*hypernikōmen*": "we are more than conquerors/we overwhelmingly conquer/we triumph completely", "*agapēsantos*": "having loved/shown love [completed action]" } }
  • Deut 20:1-4 : 1 { "verseID": "Deuteronomy.20.1", "source": "כִּֽי־תֵצֵ֨א לַמִּלְחָמָ֜ה עַל־אֹיְבֶ֗יךָ וְֽרָאִ֜יתָ ס֤וּס וָרֶ֙כֶב֙ עַ֚ם רַ֣ב מִמְּךָ֔ לֹ֥א תִירָ֖א מֵהֶ֑ם כִּֽי־יְהוָ֤ה אֱלֹהֶ֙יךָ֙ עִמָּ֔ךְ הַמַּֽעַלְךָ֖ מֵאֶ֥רֶץ מִצְרָֽיִם׃", "text": "When *tēṣē* to-the-*milḥāmāh* against-*ʾōyḇêḵā* *wə-rāʾîtā* *sûs* and-*reḵeḇ* *ʿam* *raḇ* than-you, not *tîrā* from-them, for *YHWH* *ʾĕlōhêḵā* with-you, the-one-who-*maʿalḵā* from-*ʾereṣ* *miṣrayim*.", "grammar": { "*kî*": "conjunction - when/if", "*tēṣē*": "qal imperfect 2nd person masculine singular - you go out", "*lamilḥāmāh*": "preposition + definite article + feminine noun - to the battle/war", "*ʿal*": "preposition - against", "*ʾōyḇêḵā*": "masculine plural noun + 2nd person masculine singular suffix - your enemies", "*wə-rāʾîtā*": "conjunction + qal perfect 2nd person masculine singular - and you see/saw", "*sûs*": "masculine singular noun - horse", "*wā-reḵeḇ*": "conjunction + masculine singular noun - and chariot", "*ʿam*": "masculine singular noun - people", "*raḇ*": "adjective - many/greater", "*mimməḵā*": "preposition + 2nd person masculine singular suffix - than you", "*lōʾ*": "negative particle - not", "*tîrā*": "qal imperfect 2nd person masculine singular - you will fear", "*mēhem*": "preposition + 3rd person masculine plural suffix - from them", "*kî*": "conjunction - because/for", "*YHWH*": "divine name - LORD", "*ʾĕlōhêḵā*": "masculine plural noun + 2nd person masculine singular suffix - your God", "*ʿimmāḵ*": "preposition + 2nd person masculine singular suffix - with you", "*hammaʿalḵā*": "definite article + hiphil participle + 2nd person masculine singular suffix - the one bringing you up", "*mēʾereṣ*": "preposition + feminine singular construct - from land of", "*miṣrayim*": "proper noun - Egypt" }, "variants": { "*tēṣē*": "go out/depart/proceed", "*milḥāmāh*": "battle/war/fighting", "*ʾōyḇêḵā*": "enemies/adversaries/foes", "*sûs*": "horse/cavalry", "*reḵeḇ*": "chariot/chariotry/vehicles", "*ʿam*": "people/nation/troops", "*raḇ*": "many/numerous/greater", "*tîrā*": "fear/be afraid/dread", "*ʾĕlōhêḵā*": "your God/gods/deity", "*maʿalḵā*": "bringing you up/causing you to ascend" } } 2 { "verseID": "Deuteronomy.20.2", "source": "וְהָיָ֕ה כְּקָֽרָבְכֶ֖ם אֶל־הַמִּלְחָמָ֑ה וְנִגַּ֥שׁ הַכֹּהֵ֖ן וְדִבֶּ֥ר אֶל־הָעָֽם׃", "text": "And *hāyāh* when-*qāraḇḵem* to-the-*milḥāmāh*, *wə-niggaš* the-*kōhēn* *wə-dibber* to-the-*ʿām*.", "grammar": { "*wə-hāyāh*": "conjunction + qal perfect 3rd person masculine singular - and it will be", "*kə-qāraḇḵem*": "preposition + qal infinitive construct + 2nd person masculine plural suffix - when you draw near", "*ʾel*": "preposition - to/toward", "*hammilḥāmāh*": "definite article + feminine singular noun - the battle/war", "*wə-niggaš*": "conjunction + niphal perfect 3rd person masculine singular - and he will approach", "*hakkōhēn*": "definite article + masculine singular noun - the priest", "*wə-dibber*": "conjunction + piel perfect 3rd person masculine singular - and he will speak", "*ʾel-hāʿām*": "preposition + definite article + masculine singular noun - to the people" }, "variants": { "*hāyāh*": "it will be/happen/come to pass", "*qāraḇḵem*": "your drawing near/approaching/coming close", "*milḥāmāh*": "battle/war/fighting", "*niggaš*": "approach/come near/draw near", "*kōhēn*": "priest/officiant", "*dibber*": "speak/talk/address", "*ʿām*": "people/troops/nation" } } 3 { "verseID": "Deuteronomy.20.3", "source": "וְאָמַ֤ר אֲלֵהֶם֙ שְׁמַ֣ע יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל אַתֶּ֨ם קְרֵבִ֥ים הַיּ֛וֹם לַמִּלְחָמָ֖ה עַל־אֹיְבֵיכֶ֑ם אַל־יֵרַ֣ךְ לְבַבְכֶ֗ם אַל־תִּֽירְא֧וּ וְאַֽל־תַּחְפְּז֛וּ וְאַל־תּֽ͏ַעַרְצ֖וּ מִפְּנֵיהֶֽם׃", "text": "And *ʾāmar* to-them, *šĕmaʿ* *yiśrāʾēl*, you *qĕrēḇîm* the-*yôm* to-the-*milḥāmāh* against-*ʾōyḇêḵem*; not-*yēraḵ* *lĕḇaḇḵem*, not-*tîrĕʾû* and-not-*taḥpĕzû* and-not-*taʿarṣû* from-*pĕnêhem*.", "grammar": { "*wə-ʾāmar*": "conjunction + qal perfect 3rd person masculine singular - and he will say", "*ʾălēhem*": "preposition + 3rd person masculine plural suffix - to them", "*šĕmaʿ*": "qal imperative masculine singular - hear/listen", "*yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel", "*ʾattem*": "2nd person masculine plural pronoun - you", "*qĕrēḇîm*": "adjective masculine plural - approaching/drawing near", "*hayyôm*": "definite article + masculine singular noun - the day/today", "*lammilḥāmāh*": "preposition + definite article + feminine singular noun - to the battle/war", "*ʿal*": "preposition - against", "*ʾōyḇêḵem*": "masculine plural noun + 2nd person masculine plural suffix - your enemies", "*ʾal*": "negative particle (for prohibitions) - do not", "*yēraḵ*": "qal imperfect jussive 3rd person masculine singular - let it be soft/tender/weak", "*lĕḇaḇḵem*": "masculine singular noun + 2nd person masculine plural suffix - your heart", "*ʾal-tîrĕʾû*": "negative particle + qal imperfect 2nd person masculine plural - do not fear", "*wĕ-ʾal-taḥpĕzû*": "conjunction + negative particle + niphal imperfect 2nd person masculine plural - and do not hasten/panic", "*wĕ-ʾal-taʿarṣû*": "conjunction + negative particle + qal imperfect 2nd person masculine plural - and do not dread/be terrified", "*mippĕnêhem*": "preposition + masculine plural noun + 3rd person masculine plural suffix - from before them/from their faces" }, "variants": { "*ʾāmar*": "say/speak/tell", "*šĕmaʿ*": "hear/listen/obey", "*qĕrēḇîm*": "approaching/drawing near/coming close", "*yôm*": "day/time/today", "*milḥāmāh*": "battle/war/fighting", "*ʾōyḇêḵem*": "your enemies/adversaries/foes", "*yēraḵ*": "be soft/weak/tender/fainthearted", "*lĕḇaḇḵem*": "your heart/mind/inner being", "*tîrĕʾû*": "fear/be afraid/dread", "*taḥpĕzû*": "hasten/hurry/be in panic/be alarmed", "*taʿarṣû*": "dread/be terrified/be frightened", "*pĕnêhem*": "their faces/presence/before them" } } 4 { "verseID": "Deuteronomy.20.4", "source": "כִּ֚י יְהוָ֣ה אֱלֹֽהֵיכֶ֔ם הַהֹלֵ֖ךְ עִמָּכֶ֑ם לְהִלָּחֵ֥ם לָכֶ֛ם עִם־אֹיְבֵיכֶ֖ם לְהוֹשִׁ֥יעַ אֶתְכֶֽם׃", "text": "For *YHWH* *ʾĕlōhêḵem* the-one-who-*hōlēḵ* with-you to-*hillāḥēm* for-you with-*ʾōyḇêḵem* to-*hôšîaʿ* *ʾetḵem*.", "grammar": { "*kî*": "conjunction - for/because", "*YHWH*": "divine name - LORD", "*ʾĕlōhêḵem*": "masculine plural noun + 2nd person masculine plural suffix - your God", "*hahōlēḵ*": "definite article + qal participle masculine singular - the one who walks/goes", "*ʿimmāḵem*": "preposition + 2nd person masculine plural suffix - with you", "*lĕhillāḥēm*": "preposition + niphal infinitive construct - to fight", "*lāḵem*": "preposition + 2nd person masculine plural suffix - for you", "*ʿim*": "preposition - with", "*ʾōyḇêḵem*": "masculine plural noun + 2nd person masculine plural suffix - your enemies", "*lĕhôšîaʿ*": "preposition + hiphil infinitive construct - to save/deliver", "*ʾetḵem*": "direct object marker + 2nd person masculine plural suffix - you" }, "variants": { "*ʾĕlōhêḵem*": "your God/gods/deity", "*hōlēḵ*": "walking/going/proceeding", "*hillāḥēm*": "to fight/do battle/wage war", "*ʾōyḇêḵem*": "your enemies/adversaries/foes", "*hôšîaʿ*": "to save/deliver/rescue/give victory" } }
  • Exod 15:1-9 : 1 { "verseID": "Exodus.15.1", "source": "אָ֣ז יָשִֽׁיר־מֹשֶׁה֩ וּבְנֵ֨י יִשְׂרָאֵ֜ל אֶת־הַשִּׁירָ֤ה הַזֹּאת֙ לַֽיהוָ֔ה וַיֹּאמְר֖וּ לֵאמֹ֑ר אָשִׁ֤ירָה לֽ͏ַיהוָה֙ כִּֽי־גָאֹ֣ה גָּאָ֔ה ס֥וּס וְרֹכְב֖וֹ רָמָ֥ה בַיָּֽם׃", "text": "*ʾāz* *yāšîr*-*Mōšeh* *ūḇənê* *Yiśrāʾēl* *ʾet*-*haššîrāh* *hazzōʾt* *la-YHWH* *wayyōʾmərū* *lēʾmōr* *ʾāšîrāh* *la-YHWH* *kî*-*ḡāʾōh* *gāʾāh* *sūs* *wərōḵəbô* *rāmāh* *bayyām*", "grammar": { "*ʾāz*": "adverb - then, at that time", "*yāšîr*": "qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - will sing", "*Mōšeh*": "proper noun, masculine singular - Moses", "*ūḇənê*": "conjunction + noun, masculine plural construct - and the sons of", "*Yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*haššîrāh*": "definite article + noun, feminine singular - the song", "*hazzōʾt*": "demonstrative pronoun, feminine singular - this", "*la-YHWH*": "preposition + divine name - to/for YHWH", "*wayyōʾmərū*": "conjunction + qal imperfect 3rd masculine plural - and they said", "*lēʾmōr*": "preposition + qal infinitive construct - saying", "*ʾāšîrāh*": "qal imperfect 1st singular cohortative - I will sing", "*kî*": "conjunction - for, because", "*ḡāʾōh*": "infinitive absolute - exalting", "*gāʾāh*": "qal perfect 3rd masculine singular - he has exalted", "*sūs*": "noun, masculine singular - horse", "*wərōḵəbô*": "conjunction + noun, masculine singular + 3rd masculine singular suffix - and its rider", "*rāmāh*": "qal perfect 3rd masculine singular - he has thrown", "*bayyām*": "preposition + definite article + noun, masculine singular - into the sea" }, "variants": { "*yāšîr*": "sang/will sing/began to sing", "*ʾāšîrāh*": "I will sing/let me sing", "*ḡāʾōh gāʾāh*": "he is highly exalted/he has triumphed gloriously/surpassingly proud", "*rāmāh*": "hurled/threw/cast" } } 2 { "verseID": "Exodus.15.2", "source": "עָזִּ֤י וְזִמְרָת֙ יָ֔הּ וַֽיְהִי־לִ֖י לִֽישׁוּעָ֑ה זֶ֤ה אֵלִי֙ וְאַנְוֵ֔הוּ אֱלֹהֵ֥י אָבִ֖י וַאֲרֹמְמֶֽנְהוּ׃", "text": "*ʿāzzî* *wəzimrāt* *Yāh* *wayəhî*-*lî* *lîšūʿāh* *zeh* *ʾēlî* *wəʾanwēhū* *ʾĕlōhê* *ʾāḇî* *waʾărōməmenhū*", "grammar": { "*ʿāzzî*": "noun, masculine singular + 1st person singular suffix - my strength", "*wəzimrāt*": "conjunction + noun, feminine singular construct - and song of", "*Yāh*": "divine name, shortened form of YHWH - Yah", "*wayəhî*": "conjunction + qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and he became", "*lî*": "preposition + 1st person singular suffix - to/for me", "*lîšūʿāh*": "preposition + noun, feminine singular - for salvation", "*zeh*": "demonstrative pronoun, masculine singular - this", "*ʾēlî*": "noun, masculine singular + 1st person singular suffix - my God", "*wəʾanwēhū*": "conjunction + piel imperfect 1st singular + 3rd masculine singular suffix - and I will glorify him", "*ʾĕlōhê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - God of", "*ʾāḇî*": "noun, masculine singular + 1st person singular suffix - my father", "*waʾărōməmenhū*": "conjunction + polel imperfect 1st singular + 3rd masculine singular suffix - and I will exalt him" }, "variants": { "*ʿāzzî*": "my strength/my power/my refuge", "*zimrāt*": "song/music/praise", "*wayəhî-lî lîšūʿāh*": "he has become my salvation/he is my deliverance", "*wəʾanwēhū*": "I will glorify him/I will adorn him/I will prepare him a habitation/I will praise him" } } 3 { "verseID": "Exodus.15.3", "source": "יְהוָ֖ה אִ֣ישׁ מִלְחָמָ֑ה יְהוָ֖ה שְׁמֽוֹ׃", "text": "*YHWH* *ʾîš* *milḥāmāh* *YHWH* *šəmô*", "grammar": { "*YHWH*": "divine name - YHWH", "*ʾîš*": "noun, masculine singular construct - man of", "*milḥāmāh*": "noun, feminine singular - war/battle", "*šəmô*": "noun, masculine singular + 3rd masculine singular suffix - his name" }, "variants": { "*ʾîš milḥāmāh*": "warrior/man of war/battle-ready" } } 4 { "verseID": "Exodus.15.4", "source": "מַרְכְּבֹ֥ת פַּרְעֹ֛ה וְחֵיל֖וֹ יָרָ֣ה בַיָּ֑ם וּמִבְחַ֥ר שָֽׁלִשָׁ֖יו טֻבְּע֥וּ בְיַם־סֽוּף׃", "text": "*markəḇōt* *Parʿōh* *wəḥêlô* *yārāh* *bayyām* *ūmiḇḥar* *šālišāyw* *ṭubbəʿū* *ḇəyam*-*sūp̄*", "grammar": { "*markəḇōt*": "noun, feminine plural construct - chariots of", "*Parʿōh*": "proper noun - Pharaoh", "*wəḥêlô*": "conjunction + noun, masculine singular + 3rd masculine singular suffix - and his army", "*yārāh*": "qal perfect 3rd masculine singular - he cast", "*bayyām*": "preposition + definite article + noun, masculine singular - into the sea", "*ūmiḇḥar*": "conjunction + noun, masculine singular construct - and the choice/elite of", "*šālišāyw*": "noun, masculine plural + 3rd masculine singular suffix - his officers/captains", "*ṭubbəʿū*": "pual perfect 3rd common plural - they were drowned", "*ḇəyam*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular construct - in the sea of", "*sūp̄*": "proper noun - Reed/Red Sea (lit: 'sea of reeds')" }, "variants": { "*šālišāyw*": "his officers/his captains/his third-rank officers/his best warriors", "*ṭubbəʿū*": "were sunk/were drowned/were plunged", "*yam-sūp̄*": "Reed Sea/Red Sea/Sea of Reeds" } } 5 { "verseID": "Exodus.15.5", "source": "תְּהֹמֹ֖ת יְכַסְיֻ֑מוּ יָרְד֥וּ בִמְצוֹלֹ֖ת כְּמוֹ־אָֽבֶן׃", "text": "*təhōmōt* *yəḵasyumū* *yārədū* *ḇimṣôlōt* *kəmô*-*ʾāḇen*", "grammar": { "*təhōmōt*": "noun, feminine plural - depths/deep waters", "*yəḵasyumū*": "piel imperfect 3rd plural + 3rd masculine plural suffix - they covered them", "*yārədū*": "qal perfect 3rd common plural - they went down", "*ḇimṣôlōt*": "preposition + noun, feminine plural - into the depths", "*kəmô*": "preposition - like", "*ʾāḇen*": "noun, feminine singular - stone" }, "variants": { "*təhōmōt*": "depths/deep waters/primeval ocean/the deep", "*yəḵasyumū*": "covered them/overwhelmed them" } } 6 { "verseID": "Exodus.15.6", "source": "יְמִֽינְךָ֣ יְהוָ֔ה נֶאְדָּרִ֖י בַּכֹּ֑חַ יְמִֽינְךָ֥ יְהוָ֖ה תִּרְעַ֥ץ אוֹיֵֽב׃", "text": "*yəmînḵā* *YHWH* *neʾdārî* *bakkōaḥ* *yəmînḵā* *YHWH* *tirʿaṣ* *ʾôyēḇ*", "grammar": { "*yəmînḵā*": "noun, feminine singular + 2nd masculine singular suffix - your right hand", "*YHWH*": "divine name - YHWH", "*neʾdārî*": "niphal participle, masculine singular - glorious/majestic", "*bakkōaḥ*": "preposition + definite article + noun, masculine singular - in power", "*tirʿaṣ*": "qal imperfect 3rd feminine singular - it shatters", "*ʾôyēḇ*": "qal participle, masculine singular - enemy" }, "variants": { "*neʾdārî*": "glorious/majestic/magnificent", "*tirʿaṣ*": "shatters/crushes/dashes to pieces" } } 7 { "verseID": "Exodus.15.7", "source": "וּבְרֹ֥ב גְּאוֹנְךָ֖ תַּהֲרֹ֣ס קָמֶ֑יךָ תְּשַׁלַּח֙ חֲרֹ֣נְךָ֔ יֹאכְלֵ֖מוֹ כַּקַּֽשׁ׃", "text": "*ūḇərōḇ* *gəʾônḵā* *taharōs* *qāmeḵā* *təšallaḥ* *ḥărōnḵā* *yōḵlēmô* *kaqqaš*", "grammar": { "*ūḇərōḇ*": "conjunction + preposition + noun, masculine singular construct - and in greatness of", "*gəʾônḵā*": "noun, masculine singular + 2nd masculine singular suffix - your excellency/majesty", "*taharōs*": "qal imperfect 2nd masculine singular - you break down", "*qāmeḵā*": "qal participle, masculine plural + 2nd masculine singular suffix - those who rise against you", "*təšallaḥ*": "piel imperfect 2nd masculine singular - you send forth", "*ḥărōnḵā*": "noun, masculine singular + 2nd masculine singular suffix - your burning anger", "*yōḵlēmô*": "qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular + 3rd masculine plural suffix - it consumes them", "*kaqqaš*": "preposition + definite article + noun, masculine singular - like stubble" }, "variants": { "*gəʾônḵā*": "your excellency/your majesty/your triumph", "*qāmeḵā*": "those who rise against you/your adversaries/your opponents", "*ḥărōnḵā*": "your burning anger/your fierce wrath/your hot displeasure" } } 8 { "verseID": "Exodus.15.8", "source": "וּבְר֤וּחַ אַפֶּ֙יךָ֙ נֶ֣עֶרְמוּ מַ֔יִם נִצְּב֥וּ כְמוֹ־נֵ֖ד נֹזְלִ֑ים קָֽפְא֥וּ תְהֹמֹ֖ת בְּלֶב־יָֽם׃", "text": "*ūḇərūaḥ* *ʾappeḵā* *neʿermū* *mayim* *niṣṣəḇū* *ḵəmô*-*nēḏ* *nōzəlîm* *qāp̄əʾū* *təhōmōt* *bəleḇ*-*yām*", "grammar": { "*ūḇərūaḥ*": "conjunction + preposition + noun, feminine singular construct - and by the breath of", "*ʾappeḵā*": "noun, masculine dual + 2nd masculine singular suffix - your nostrils", "*neʿermū*": "niphal perfect 3rd common plural - they were heaped up", "*mayim*": "noun, masculine plural - waters", "*niṣṣəḇū*": "niphal perfect 3rd common plural - they stood up", "*ḵəmô*": "preposition - like", "*nēḏ*": "noun, masculine singular - heap", "*nōzəlîm*": "qal participle, masculine plural - flowing ones", "*qāp̄əʾū*": "qal perfect 3rd common plural - they congealed/froze", "*təhōmōt*": "noun, feminine plural - depths/deep waters", "*bəleḇ*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular construct - in the heart of", "*yām*": "noun, masculine singular - sea" }, "variants": { "*rūaḥ*": "breath/wind/spirit", "*ʾappeḵā*": "your nostrils/your nose/your anger", "*neʿermū*": "were heaped up/were piled up/gathered together", "*nēḏ*": "heap/mound/wall", "*nōzəlîm*": "flowing ones/currents/streams", "*qāp̄əʾū*": "congealed/froze/solidified", "*təhōmōt*": "depths/deep waters/the deep" } } 9 { "verseID": "Exodus.15.9", "source": "אָמַ֥ר אוֹיֵ֛ב אֶרְדֹּ֥ף אַשִּׂ֖יג אֲחַלֵּ֣ק שָׁלָ֑ל תִּמְלָאֵ֣מוֹ נַפְשִׁ֔י אָרִ֣יק חַרְבִּ֔י תּוֹרִישֵׁ֖מוֹ יָדִֽי׃", "text": "*ʾāmar* *ʾôyēḇ* *ʾerdōp̄* *ʾaśśîḡ* *ʾăḥallēq* *šālāl* *timləʾēmô* *nap̄šî* *ʾārîq* *ḥarbî* *tôrîšēmô* *yāḏî*", "grammar": { "*ʾāmar*": "qal perfect 3rd masculine singular - he said", "*ʾôyēḇ*": "qal participle, masculine singular - enemy", "*ʾerdōp̄*": "qal imperfect 1st singular - I will pursue", "*ʾaśśîḡ*": "hiphil imperfect 1st singular - I will overtake", "*ʾăḥallēq*": "piel imperfect 1st singular - I will divide", "*šālāl*": "noun, masculine singular - spoil/plunder", "*timləʾēmô*": "qal imperfect 3rd feminine singular + 3rd masculine plural suffix - it will be full of them", "*nap̄šî*": "noun, feminine singular + 1st singular suffix - my soul/desire", "*ʾārîq*": "hiphil imperfect 1st singular - I will draw out", "*ḥarbî*": "noun, feminine singular + 1st singular suffix - my sword", "*tôrîšēmô*": "hiphil imperfect 3rd feminine singular + 3rd masculine plural suffix - it will dispossess them", "*yāḏî*": "noun, feminine singular + 1st singular suffix - my hand" }, "variants": { "*ʾôyēḇ*": "enemy/foe/adversary", "*nap̄šî*": "my soul/my desire/my appetite", "*tôrîšēmô*": "will dispossess them/will destroy them/will drive them out" } } 10 { "verseID": "Exodus.15.10", "source": "נָשַׁ֥פְתָּ בְרוּחֲךָ֖ כִּסָּ֣מוֹ יָ֑ם צָֽלֲלוּ֙ כַּֽעוֹפֶ֔רֶת בְּמַ֖יִם אַדִּירִֽים׃", "text": "*nāšap̄tā* *ḇərūḥăḵā* *kissāmô* *yām* *ṣāˀlălū* *kaˁôp̄eret* *bəmayim* *ʾaddîrîm*", "grammar": { "*nāšap̄tā*": "qal perfect 2nd masculine singular - you blew", "*ḇərūḥăḵā*": "preposition + noun, feminine singular + 2nd masculine singular suffix - with your wind", "*kissāmô*": "piel perfect 3rd masculine singular + 3rd masculine plural suffix - it covered them", "*yām*": "noun, masculine singular - sea", "*ṣāˀlălū*": "qal perfect 3rd common plural - they sank", "*kaˁôp̄eret*": "preposition + noun, feminine singular - like lead", "*bəmayim*": "preposition + noun, masculine plural - in waters", "*ʾaddîrîm*": "adjective, masculine plural - mighty" }, "variants": { "*nāšap̄tā*": "you blew/you breathed", "*rūḥăḵā*": "your wind/your breath/your spirit", "*ṣāˀlălū*": "they sank/they plunged/they went down" } } 11 { "verseID": "Exodus.15.11", "source": "מִֽי־כָמֹ֤כָה בָּֽאֵלִם֙ יְהוָ֔ה מִ֥י כָּמֹ֖כָה נֶאְדָּ֣ר בַּקֹּ֑דֶשׁ נוֹרָ֥א תְהִלֹּ֖ת עֹ֥שֵׂה פֶֽלֶא׃", "text": "*mî*-*ḵāmōḵāh* *bāʾēlim* *YHWH* *mî* *kāmōḵāh* *neʾdār* *baqqōḏeš* *nôrāʾ* *təhillōt* *ʿōśēh* *p̄eleʾ*", "grammar": { "*mî*": "interrogative pronoun - who", "*ḵāmōḵāh*": "preposition + 2nd masculine singular suffix - like you", "*bāʾēlim*": "preposition + definite article + noun, masculine plural - among the gods", "*YHWH*": "divine name - YHWH", "*neʾdār*": "niphal participle, masculine singular - glorious", "*baqqōḏeš*": "preposition + definite article + noun, masculine singular - in holiness", "*nôrāʾ*": "niphal participle, masculine singular - fearful/awesome", "*təhillōt*": "noun, feminine plural - praises", "*ʿōśēh*": "qal participle, masculine singular - doing", "*p̄eleʾ*": "noun, masculine singular - wonder/miracle" }, "variants": { "*ʾēlim*": "gods/mighty ones/divine beings", "*neʾdār*": "glorious/majestic/magnificent", "*baqqōḏeš*": "in holiness/in the sanctuary/in sacredness", "*nôrāʾ*": "fearful/awesome/terrible" } } 12 { "verseID": "Exodus.15.12", "source": "נָטִ֙יתָ֙ יְמִ֣ינְךָ֔ תִּבְלָעֵ֖מוֹ אָֽרֶץ׃", "text": "*nāṭîtā* *yəmînḵā* *tiḇlāʿēmô* *ʾāreṣ*", "grammar": { "*nāṭîtā*": "qal perfect 2nd masculine singular - you stretched out", "*yəmînḵā*": "noun, feminine singular + 2nd masculine singular suffix - your right hand", "*tiḇlāʿēmô*": "qal imperfect 3rd feminine singular + 3rd masculine plural suffix - it swallows them", "*ʾāreṣ*": "noun, feminine singular - earth/land" }, "variants": { "*nāṭîtā*": "you stretched out/you extended", "*tiḇlāʿēmô*": "swallows them/engulfs them/consumes them", "*ʾāreṣ*": "earth/land/ground" } } 13 { "verseID": "Exodus.15.13", "source": "נָחִ֥יתָ בְחַסְדְּךָ֖ עַם־ז֣וּ גָּאָ֑לְתָּ נֵהַ֥לְתָּ בְעָזְּךָ֖ אֶל־נְוֵ֥ה קָדְשֶֽׁךָ׃", "text": "*nāḥîtā* *ḇəḥasdəḵā* *ʿam*-*zū* *gāʾāltā* *nēhaltā* *ḇəʿāzzəḵā* *ʾel*-*nəwēh* *qāḏšeḵā*", "grammar": { "*nāḥîtā*": "qal perfect 2nd masculine singular - you led", "*ḇəḥasdəḵā*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular + 2nd masculine singular suffix - in your steadfast love", "*ʿam*": "noun, masculine singular construct - people of", "*zū*": "demonstrative pronoun - this", "*gāʾāltā*": "qal perfect 2nd masculine singular - you redeemed", "*nēhaltā*": "piel perfect 2nd masculine singular - you guided", "*ḇəʿāzzəḵā*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular + 2nd masculine singular suffix - in your strength", "*ʾel*": "preposition - to", "*nəwēh*": "noun, masculine singular construct - dwelling place of", "*qāḏšeḵā*": "noun, masculine singular + 2nd masculine singular suffix - your holiness" }, "variants": { "*ḥesed*": "steadfast love/lovingkindness/mercy", "*gāʾāltā*": "you redeemed/you ransomed", "*nēhaltā*": "you guided/you led/you conducted", "*nəwēh qāḏšeḵā*": "your holy habitation/your holy dwelling/your holy abode" } } 14 { "verseID": "Exodus.15.14", "source": "שָֽׁמְע֥וּ עַמִּ֖ים יִרְגָּז֑וּן חִ֣יל אָחַ֔ז יֹשְׁבֵ֖י פְּלָֽשֶׁת׃", "text": "*šāməʿū* *ʿammîm* *yirgāzūn* *ḥîl* *ʾāḥaz* *yōšəḇê* *pəlāšet*", "grammar": { "*šāməʿū*": "qal perfect 3rd common plural - they heard", "*ʿammîm*": "noun, masculine plural - peoples", "*yirgāzūn*": "qal imperfect 3rd masculine plural + paragogic nun - they tremble", "*ḥîl*": "noun, masculine singular - anguish", "*ʾāḥaz*": "qal perfect 3rd masculine singular - it seized", "*yōšəḇê*": "qal participle, masculine plural construct - inhabitants of", "*pəlāšet*": "proper noun - Philistia" }, "variants": { "*yirgāzūn*": "they tremble/they are agitated/they are in anguish", "*ḥîl*": "anguish/pain/trembling", "*ʾāḥaz*": "seized/gripped/took hold of" } } 15 { "verseID": "Exodus.15.15", "source": "אָ֤ז נִבְהֲלוּ֙ אַלּוּפֵ֣י אֱד֔וֹם אֵילֵ֣י מוֹאָ֔ב יֹֽאחֲזֵ֖מוֹ רָ֑עַד נָמֹ֕גוּ כֹּ֖ל יֹשְׁבֵ֥י כְנָֽעַן׃", "text": "*ʾāz* *niḇhălū* *ʾallūp̄ê* *ʾĕḏôm* *ʾêlê* *môʾāḇ* *yōʾḥăzēmô* *rāʿaḏ* *nāmōḡū* *kōl* *yōšəḇê* *ḵənāʿan*", "grammar": { "*ʾāz*": "adverb - then", "*niḇhălū*": "niphal perfect 3rd common plural - they were dismayed", "*ʾallūp̄ê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - chiefs of", "*ʾĕḏôm*": "proper noun - Edom", "*ʾêlê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - leaders/rams of", "*môʾāḇ*": "proper noun - Moab", "*yōʾḥăzēmô*": "qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular + 3rd masculine plural suffix - it seizes them", "*rāʿaḏ*": "noun, masculine singular - trembling", "*nāmōḡū*": "niphal perfect 3rd common plural - they melted", "*kōl*": "noun, masculine singular construct - all of", "*yōšəḇê*": "qal participle, masculine plural construct - inhabitants of", "*ḵənāʿan*": "proper noun - Canaan" }, "variants": { "*niḇhălū*": "were dismayed/were terrified/were troubled", "*ʾallūp̄ê*": "chiefs/lords/captains", "*ʾêlê*": "rams/leaders/mighty ones", "*yōʾḥăzēmô*": "seizes them/grips them/takes hold of them", "*nāmōḡū*": "melted/dissolved/fainted" } } 16 { "verseID": "Exodus.15.16", "source": "תִּפֹּ֨ל עֲלֵיהֶ֤ם אֵימָ֙תָה֙ וָפַ֔חַד בִּגְדֹ֥ל זְרוֹעֲךָ֖ יִדְּמ֣וּ כָּאָ֑בֶן עַד־יַעֲבֹ֤ר עַמְּךָ֙ יְהוָ֔ה עַֽד־יַעֲבֹ֖ר עַם־ז֥וּ קָנִֽיתָ׃", "text": "*tippōl* *ʿălêhem* *ʾêmātāh* *wāp̄aḥaḏ* *biḡḏōl* *zərôʿăḵā* *yiddəmū* *kāʾāḇen* *ʿaḏ*-*yaʿăḇōr* *ʿamməḵā* *YHWH* *ʿaḏ*-*yaʿăḇōr* *ʿam*-*zū* *qānîtā*", "grammar": { "*tippōl*": "qal imperfect 3rd feminine singular - it will fall", "*ʿălêhem*": "preposition + 3rd masculine plural suffix - upon them", "*ʾêmātāh*": "noun, feminine singular - terror/dread", "*wāp̄aḥaḏ*": "conjunction + noun, masculine singular - and fear", "*biḡḏōl*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular construct - by greatness of", "*zərôʿăḵā*": "noun, feminine singular + 2nd masculine singular suffix - your arm", "*yiddəmū*": "qal imperfect 3rd masculine plural - they will be silent", "*kāʾāḇen*": "preposition + definite article + noun, feminine singular - like the stone", "*ʿaḏ*": "preposition - until", "*yaʿăḇōr*": "qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - he passes over", "*ʿamməḵā*": "noun, masculine singular + 2nd masculine singular suffix - your people", "*YHWH*": "divine name - YHWH", "*ʿam*": "noun, masculine singular construct - people of", "*zū*": "demonstrative pronoun - this", "*qānîtā*": "qal perfect 2nd masculine singular - you acquired" }, "variants": { "*ʾêmātāh*": "terror/dread/fear", "*zərôʿăḵā*": "your arm/your power/your strength", "*yiddəmū*": "be silent/be still/be motionless", "*qānîtā*": "you acquired/you purchased/you redeemed" } } 17 { "verseID": "Exodus.15.17", "source": "תְּבִאֵ֗מוֹ וְתִטָּעֵ֙מוֹ֙ בְּהַ֣ר נַחֲלָֽתְךָ֔ מָכ֧וֹן לְשִׁבְתְּךָ֛ פָּעַ֖לְתָּ יְהוָ֑ה מִקְּדָ֕שׁ אֲדֹנָ֖י כּוֹנְנ֥וּ יָדֶֽיךָ׃", "text": "*təḇiʾēmô* *wətiṭṭāʿēmô* *bəhar* *naḥălātəḵā* *māḵôn* *ləšiḇtəḵā* *pāʿaltā* *YHWH* *miqqəḏāš* *ʾăḏōnāy* *kônənū* *yāḏeḵā*", "grammar": { "*təḇiʾēmô*": "hiphil imperfect 2nd masculine singular + 3rd masculine plural suffix - you will bring them", "*wətiṭṭāʿēmô*": "conjunction + qal imperfect 2nd masculine singular + 3rd masculine plural suffix - and you will plant them", "*bəhar*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular construct - in mountain of", "*naḥălātəḵā*": "noun, feminine singular + 2nd masculine singular suffix - your inheritance", "*māḵôn*": "noun, masculine singular construct - established place of", "*ləšiḇtəḵā*": "preposition + qal infinitive construct + 2nd masculine singular suffix - for your dwelling", "*pāʿaltā*": "qal perfect 2nd masculine singular - you made", "*YHWH*": "divine name - YHWH", "*miqqəḏāš*": "noun, masculine singular - sanctuary", "*ʾăḏōnāy*": "noun, masculine singular + 1st common plural suffix - my Lord", "*kônənū*": "polel perfect 3rd common plural - they established", "*yāḏeḵā*": "noun, feminine dual + 2nd masculine singular suffix - your hands" }, "variants": { "*təḇiʾēmô*": "you will bring them/you will lead them in", "*wətiṭṭāʿēmô*": "and you will plant them/and you will establish them", "*naḥălātəḵā*": "your inheritance/your possession/your heritage", "*māḵôn ləšiḇtəḵā*": "place for your dwelling/fixed place for you to sit/foundation for your throne", "*miqqəḏāš*": "sanctuary/holy place/temple" } } 18 { "verseID": "Exodus.15.18", "source": "יְהוָ֥ה ׀ יִמְלֹ֖ךְ לְעֹלָ֥ם וָעֶֽד׃", "text": "*YHWH* *yimlōḵ* *ləʿōlām* *wāʿeḏ*", "grammar": { "*YHWH*": "divine name - YHWH", "*yimlōḵ*": "qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - he will reign", "*ləʿōlām*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular - forever", "*wāʿeḏ*": "conjunction + noun, masculine singular - and ever" }, "variants": { "*yimlōḵ*": "will reign/will rule/will be king", "*ləʿōlām wāʿeḏ*": "forever and ever/for eternity/for all time" } } 19 { "verseID": "Exodus.15.19", "source": "כִּ֣י בָא֩ ס֨וּס פַּרְעֹ֜ה בְּרִכְבּ֤וֹ וּבְפָרָשָׁיו֙ בַּיָּ֔ם וַיָּ֧שֶׁב יְהוָ֛ה עֲלֵהֶ֖ם אֶת־מֵ֣י הַיָּ֑ם וּבְנֵ֧י יִשְׂרָאֵ֛ל הָלְכ֥וּ בַיַּבָּשָׁ֖ה בְּת֥וֹךְ הַיָּֽם׃", "text": "*kî* *ḇāʾ* *sūs* *Parʿōh* *bəriḵbô* *ūḇəp̄ārāšāyw* *bayyām* *wayyāšeḇ* *YHWH* *ʿălēhem* *ʾet*-*mê* *hayyām* *ūḇənê* *Yiśrāʾēl* *hāləḵū* *bayyabbāšāh* *bətôḵ* *hayyām*", "grammar": { "*kî*": "conjunction - for, when", "*ḇāʾ*": "qal perfect 3rd masculine singular - he came", "*sūs*": "noun, masculine singular construct - horse of", "*Parʿōh*": "proper noun - Pharaoh", "*bəriḵbô*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular + 3rd masculine singular suffix - with his chariot", "*ūḇəp̄ārāšāyw*": "conjunction + preposition + noun, masculine plural + 3rd masculine singular suffix - and with his horsemen", "*bayyām*": "preposition + definite article + noun, masculine singular - into the sea", "*wayyāšeḇ*": "conjunction + hiphil imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and he caused to return", "*YHWH*": "divine name - YHWH", "*ʿălēhem*": "preposition + 3rd masculine plural suffix - upon them", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*mê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - waters of", "*hayyām*": "definite article + noun, masculine singular - the sea", "*ūḇənê*": "conjunction + noun, masculine plural construct - and the sons of", "*Yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel", "*hāləḵū*": "qal perfect 3rd common plural - they walked", "*bayyabbāšāh*": "preposition + definite article + noun, feminine singular - on the dry land", "*bətôḵ*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular construct - in the midst of", "*hayyām*": "definite article + noun, masculine singular - the sea" }, "variants": { "*wayyāšeḇ*": "caused to return/brought back/returned", "*yabbāšāh*": "dry land/dry ground" } } 20 { "verseID": "Exodus.15.20", "source": "וַתִּקַּח֩ מִרְיָ֨ם הַנְּבִיאָ֜ה אֲח֧וֹת אַהֲרֹ֛ן אֶת־הַתֹּ֖ף בְּיָדָ֑הּ וַתֵּצֶ֤אןָ כָֽל־הַנָּשִׁים֙ אַחֲרֶ֔יהָ בְּתֻפִּ֖ים וּבִמְחֹלֹֽת׃", "text": "*wattiqqaḥ* *Miryām* *hannəḇîʾāh* *ʾăḥôt* *ʾAhărōn* *ʾet*-*hattōp̄* *bəyāḏāh* *wattēṣeʾnā* *ḵāl*-*hannāšîm* *ʾaḥăreyhā* *bətuppîm* *ūḇimḥōlōt*", "grammar": { "*wattiqqaḥ*": "conjunction + qal imperfect 3rd feminine singular - and she took", "*Miryām*": "proper noun - Miriam", "*hannəḇîʾāh*": "definite article + noun, feminine singular - the prophetess", "*ʾăḥôt*": "noun, feminine singular construct - sister of", "*ʾAhărōn*": "proper noun - Aaron", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*hattōp̄*": "definite article + noun, masculine singular - the tambourine", "*bəyāḏāh*": "preposition + noun, feminine singular + 3rd feminine singular suffix - in her hand", "*wattēṣeʾnā*": "conjunction + qal imperfect 3rd feminine plural - and they went out", "*ḵāl*": "noun, masculine singular construct - all of", "*hannāšîm*": "definite article + noun, feminine plural - the women", "*ʾaḥăreyhā*": "preposition + 3rd feminine singular suffix - after her", "*bətuppîm*": "preposition + noun, masculine plural - with tambourines", "*ūḇimḥōlōt*": "conjunction + preposition + noun, feminine plural - and with dances" }, "variants": { "*nəḇîʾāh*": "prophetess/female prophet", "*tōp̄*": "tambourine/timbrel/hand-drum", "*məḥōlōt*": "dances/dancing/dance-circles" } } 21 { "verseID": "Exodus.15.21", "source": "וַתַּ֥עַן לָהֶ֖ם מִרְיָ֑ם שִׁ֤ירוּ לַֽיהוָה֙ כִּֽי־גָאֹ֣ה גָּאָ֔ה ס֥וּס וְרֹכְב֖וֹ רָמָ֥ה בַיָּֽם׃", "text": "*wattaʿan* *lāhem* *Miryām* *šîrū* *la-YHWH* *kî*-*ḡāʾōh* *gāʾāh* *sūs* *wərōḵəḇô* *rāmāh* *bayyām*", "grammar": { "*wattaʿan*": "conjunction + qal imperfect 3rd feminine singular - and she answered", "*lāhem*": "preposition + 3rd masculine plural suffix - to them", "*Miryām*": "proper noun - Miriam", "*šîrū*": "qal imperative, masculine plural - sing", "*la-YHWH*": "preposition + divine name - to YHWH", "*kî*": "conjunction - for, because", "*ḡāʾōh*": "infinitive absolute - exalting", "*gāʾāh*": "qal perfect 3rd masculine singular - he has exalted", "*sūs*": "noun, masculine singular - horse", "*wərōḵəḇô*": "conjunction + qal participle, masculine singular + 3rd masculine singular suffix - and its rider", "*rāmāh*": "qal perfect 3rd masculine singular - he has thrown", "*bayyām*": "preposition + definite article + noun, masculine singular - into the sea" }, "variants": { "*wattaʿan*": "answered/responded/sang", "*ḡāʾōh gāʾāh*": "highly exalted/gloriously triumphed", "*rāmāh*": "thrown/hurled/cast" } } 22 { "verseID": "Exodus.15.22", "source": "וַיַּסַּ֨ע מֹשֶׁ֤ה אֶת־יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ מִיַּם־ס֔וּף וַיֵּצְא֖וּ אֶל־מִדְבַּר־שׁ֑וּר וַיֵּלְכ֧וּ שְׁלֹֽשֶׁת־יָמִ֛ים בַּמִּדְבָּ֖ר וְלֹא־מָ֥צְאוּ מָֽיִם׃", "text": "*wayyassaʿ* *Mōšeh* *ʾet*-*Yiśrāʾēl* *miyyam*-*sūp̄* *wayyēṣəʾū* *ʾel*-*miḏbar*-*šūr* *wayyēləḵū* *šəlōšet*-*yāmîm* *bammiḏbār* *wəlōʾ*-*māṣəʾū* *māyim*", "grammar": { "*wayyassaʿ*": "conjunction + hiphil imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and he caused to journey", "*Mōšeh*": "proper noun - Moses", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*Yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel", "*miyyam*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular construct - from sea of", "*sūp̄*": "proper noun - Reed/Red Sea", "*wayyēṣəʾū*": "conjunction + qal imperfect 3rd masculine plural - and they went out", "*ʾel*": "preposition - to", "*miḏbar*": "noun, masculine singular construct - wilderness of", "*šūr*": "proper noun - Shur", "*wayyēləḵū*": "conjunction + qal imperfect 3rd masculine plural - and they walked", "*šəlōšet*": "noun, feminine singular construct - three of", "*yāmîm*": "noun, masculine plural - days", "*bammiḏbār*": "preposition + definite article + noun, masculine singular - in the wilderness", "*wəlōʾ*": "conjunction + negative particle - and not", "*māṣəʾū*": "qal perfect 3rd common plural - they found", "*māyim*": "noun, masculine plural - water" }, "variants": { "*wayyassaʿ*": "caused to journey/moved/led", "*miḏbar*": "wilderness/desert/uninhabited land", "*šəlōšet-yāmîm*": "three days/three-day period" } } 23 { "verseID": "Exodus.15.23", "source": "וַיָּבֹ֣אוּ מָרָ֔תָה וְלֹ֣א יָֽכְל֗וּ לִשְׁתֹּ֥ת מַ֙יִם֙ מִמָּרָ֔ה כִּ֥י מָרִ֖ים הֵ֑ם עַל־כֵּ֥ן קָרָֽא־שְׁמָ֖הּ מָרָֽה׃", "text": "*wayyāḇōʾū* *Mārātāh* *wəlōʾ* *yāḵəlū* *lištōt* *mayim* *mimmārāh* *kî* *mārîm* *hēm* *ʿal*-*kēn* *qārāʾ*-*šəmāh* *Mārāh*", "grammar": { "*wayyāḇōʾū*": "conjunction + qal imperfect 3rd masculine plural - and they came", "*Mārātāh*": "proper noun + directional suffix - to Marah", "*wəlōʾ*": "conjunction + negative particle - and not", "*yāḵəlū*": "qal perfect 3rd common plural - they were able", "*lištōt*": "preposition + qal infinitive construct - to drink", "*mayim*": "noun, masculine plural - water", "*mimmārāh*": "preposition + proper noun - from Marah", "*kî*": "conjunction - for, because", "*mārîm*": "adjective, masculine plural - bitter", "*hēm*": "3rd masculine plural pronoun - they", "*ʿal*": "preposition - on account of", "*kēn*": "adverb - thus", "*qārāʾ*": "qal perfect 3rd masculine singular - he called", "*šəmāh*": "noun, masculine singular + 3rd feminine singular suffix - her name", "*Mārāh*": "proper noun - Marah" }, "variants": { "*mārîm*": "bitter/bitterness", "*Mārāh*": "Marah/Bitterness (name meaning 'bitter')" } } 24 { "verseID": "Exodus.15.24", "source": "וַיִּלֹּ֧נוּ הָעָ֛ם עַל־מֹשֶׁ֥ה לֵּאמֹ֖ר מַה־נִּשְׁתֶּֽה׃", "text": "*wayyillōnū* *hāʿām* *ʿal*-*Mōšeh* *lēʾmōr* *mah*-*ništeh*", "grammar": { "*wayyillōnū*": "conjunction + niphal imperfect 3rd masculine plural - and they murmured", "*hāʿām*": "definite article + noun, masculine singular - the people", "*ʿal*": "preposition - against", "*Mōšeh*": "proper noun - Moses", "*lēʾmōr*": "preposition + qal infinitive construct - saying", "*mah*": "interrogative pronoun - what", "*ništeh*": "qal imperfect 1st common plural - we will drink" }, "variants": { "*wayyillōnū*": "murmured/grumbled/complained", "*hāʿām*": "the people/the nation/the folk" } } 25 { "verseID": "Exodus.15.25", "source": "וַיִּצְעַ֣ק אֶל־יְהוָ֗ה וַיּוֹרֵ֤הוּ יְהוָה֙ עֵ֔ץ וַיַּשְׁלֵךְ֙ אֶל־הַמַּ֔יִם וַֽיִּמְתְּק֖וּ הַמָּ֑יִם שָׁ֣ם שָׂ֥ם ל֛וֹ חֹ֥ק וּמִשְׁפָּ֖ט וְשָׁ֥ם נִסָּֽהוּ׃", "text": "*wayyiṣʿaq* *ʾel*-*YHWH* *wayyôrēhū* *YHWH* *ʿēṣ* *wayyašlēḵ* *ʾel*-*hammayim* *wayyimtəqū* *hammāyim* *šām* *śām* *lô* *ḥōq* *ūmišpāṭ* *wəšām* *nissāhū*", "grammar": { "*wayyiṣʿaq*": "conjunction + qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and he cried out", "*ʾel*": "preposition - to", "*YHWH*": "divine name - YHWH", "*wayyôrēhū*": "conjunction + hiphil imperfect 3rd masculine singular + 3rd masculine singular suffix - and he showed him", "*ʿēṣ*": "noun, masculine singular - tree/wood", "*wayyašlēḵ*": "conjunction + hiphil imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and he threw", "*ʾel*": "preposition - into", "*hammayim*": "definite article + noun, masculine plural - the waters", "*wayyimtəqū*": "conjunction + qal imperfect 3rd masculine plural - and they became sweet", "*šām*": "adverb - there", "*śām*": "qal perfect 3rd masculine singular - he established", "*lô*": "preposition + 3rd masculine singular suffix - for him", "*ḥōq*": "noun, masculine singular - statute", "*ūmišpāṭ*": "conjunction + noun, masculine singular - and ordinance", "*wəšām*": "conjunction + adverb - and there", "*nissāhū*": "piel perfect 3rd masculine singular + 3rd masculine singular suffix - he tested him" }, "variants": { "*wayyiṣʿaq*": "cried out/called out/appealed", "*wayyôrēhū*": "showed him/taught him/instructed him", "*ʿēṣ*": "tree/wood/timber", "*wayyimtəqū*": "became sweet/were sweetened", "*ḥōq*": "statute/decree/ordinance", "*mišpāṭ*": "ordinance/judgment/regulation", "*nissāhū*": "tested him/tried him/proved him" } } 26 { "verseID": "Exodus.15.26", "source": "וַיֹּאמֶר֩ אִם־שָׁמ֨וֹעַ תִּשְׁמַ֜ע לְק֣וֹל ׀ יְהוָ֣ה אֱלֹהֶ֗יךָ וְהַיָּשָׁ֤ר בְּעֵינָיו֙ תַּעֲשֶׂ֔ה וְהֽ͏ַאֲזַנְתָּ֙ לְמִצְוֺתָ֔יו וְשָׁמַרְתָּ֖ כָּל־חֻקָּ֑יו כָּֽל־הַמּֽ͏ַחֲלָ֞ה אֲשֶׁר־שַׂ֤מְתִּי בְמִצְרַ֙יִם֙ לֹא־אָשִׂ֣ים עָלֶ֔יךָ כִּ֛י אֲנִ֥י יְהוָ֖ה רֹפְאֶֽךָ׃", "text": "*wayyōʾmer* *ʾim*-*šāmôaʿ* *tišmaʿ* *ləqôl* *YHWH* *ʾĕlōheḵā* *wəhayyāšār* *bəʿênāyw* *taʿăśeh* *wəhaʾăzantā* *ləmiṣwōtāyw* *wəšāmartā* *kāl*-*ḥuqqāyw* *kāl*-*hammaḥălāh* *ʾăšer*-*śamtî* *ḇəmiṣrayim* *lōʾ*-*ʾāśîm* *ʿāleḵā* *kî* *ʾănî* *YHWH* *rōp̄ʾeḵā*", "grammar": { "*wayyōʾmer*": "conjunction + qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and he said", "*ʾim*": "conjunction - if", "*šāmôaʿ*": "qal infinitive absolute - listening", "*tišmaʿ*": "qal imperfect 2nd masculine singular - you will listen", "*ləqôl*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular construct - to voice of", "*YHWH*": "divine name - YHWH", "*ʾĕlōheḵā*": "noun, masculine plural + 2nd masculine singular suffix - your God", "*wəhayyāšār*": "conjunction + definite article + adjective, masculine singular - and the right", "*bəʿênāyw*": "preposition + noun, feminine dual + 3rd masculine singular suffix - in his eyes", "*taʿăśeh*": "qal imperfect 2nd masculine singular - you will do", "*wəhaʾăzantā*": "conjunction + hiphil perfect 2nd masculine singular - and you will give ear", "*ləmiṣwōtāyw*": "preposition + noun, feminine plural + 3rd masculine singular suffix - to his commandments", "*wəšāmartā*": "conjunction + qal perfect 2nd masculine singular - and you will keep", "*kāl*": "noun, masculine singular construct - all of", "*ḥuqqāyw*": "noun, masculine plural + 3rd masculine singular suffix - his statutes", "*hammaḥălāh*": "definite article + noun, feminine singular - the disease", "*ʾăšer*": "relative pronoun - which", "*śamtî*": "qal perfect 1st singular - I placed", "*ḇəmiṣrayim*": "preposition + proper noun - in Egypt", "*lōʾ*": "negative particle - not", "*ʾāśîm*": "qal imperfect 1st singular - I will put", "*ʿāleḵā*": "preposition + 2nd masculine singular suffix - upon you", "*kî*": "conjunction - for", "*ʾănî*": "1st singular pronoun - I", "*YHWH*": "divine name - YHWH", "*rōp̄ʾeḵā*": "qal participle, masculine singular + 2nd masculine singular suffix - your healer" }, "variants": { "*šāmôaʿ tišmaʿ*": "diligently listen/surely hear (emphatic form)", "*wəhayyāšār bəʿênāyw*": "what is right in his eyes/what is upright before him", "*wəhaʾăzantā*": "give ear/pay attention/heed", "*hammaḥălāh*": "disease/sickness/illness", "*rōp̄ʾeḵā*": "your healer/your physician" } } 27 { "verseID": "Exodus.15.27", "source": "וַיָּבֹ֣אוּ אֵילִ֔מָה וְשָׁ֗ם שְׁתֵּ֥ים עֶשְׂרֵ֛ה עֵינֹ֥ת מַ֖יִם וְשִׁבְעִ֣ים תְּמָרִ֑ים וַיַּחֲנוּ־שָׁ֖ם עַל־הַמָּֽיִם׃", "text": "*wayyāḇōʾū* *ʾÊlimāh* *wəšām* *šətêm* *ʿeśrēh* *ʿênōt* *mayim* *wəšiḇʿîm* *təmārîm* *wayyaḥănū*-*šām* *ʿal*-*hammāyim*", "grammar": { "*wayyāḇōʾū*": "conjunction + qal imperfect 3rd masculine plural - and they came", "*ʾÊlimāh*": "proper noun + directional suffix - to Elim", "*wəšām*": "conjunction + adverb - and there", "*šətêm*": "number, feminine construct - two of", "*ʿeśrēh*": "number, feminine - ten", "*ʿênōt*": "noun, feminine plural construct - springs of", "*mayim*": "noun, masculine plural - water", "*wəšiḇʿîm*": "conjunction + number, common plural - and seventy", "*təmārîm*": "noun, masculine plural - palm trees", "*wayyaḥănū*": "conjunction + qal imperfect 3rd masculine plural - and they camped", "*šām*": "adverb - there", "*ʿal*": "preposition - by", "*hammāyim*": "definite article + noun, masculine plural - the waters" }, "variants": { "*ʿênōt*": "springs/wells/fountains", "*təmārîm*": "palm trees/date palms", "*wayyaḥănū*": "camped/encamped/pitched camp" } }
  • Exod 7:1-9 : 1 { "verseID": "Exodus.7.1", "source": "וַיֹּ֤אמֶר יְהוָה֙ אֶל־מֹשֶׁ֔ה רְאֵ֛ה נְתַתִּ֥יךָ אֱלֹהִ֖ים לְפַרְעֹ֑ה וְאַהֲרֹ֥ן אָחִ֖יךָ יִהְיֶ֥ה נְבִיאֶֽךָ", "text": "And *wayyōʾmer* *YHWH* unto-*Mōšeh*, *rəʾēh* *nətattîkā* *ʾĕlōhîm* to-*Parʿōh* and-*ʾAhărōn* *ʾāḥîkā* *yihyeh* *nəḇîʾekā*", "grammar": { "*wayyōʾmer*": "qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular with waw consecutive - and he said", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - the divine name", "*Mōšeh*": "proper noun - Moses", "*rəʾēh*": "qal imperative masculine singular - see/behold", "*nətattîkā*": "qal perfect 1st singular with 2nd masculine singular suffix - I have made you", "*ʾĕlōhîm*": "masculine plural noun - god/deity/divine being", "*Parʿōh*": "proper noun - Pharaoh", "*ʾAhărōn*": "proper noun - Aaron", "*ʾāḥîkā*": "masculine singular noun with 2nd masculine singular suffix - your brother", "*yihyeh*": "qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - he will be", "*nəḇîʾekā*": "masculine singular noun with 2nd masculine singular suffix - your prophet" }, "variants": { "*ʾĕlōhîm*": "God/gods/judges/divine being/mighty one", "*nəḇîʾekā*": "your prophet/spokesperson/one who speaks on behalf of another" } } 2 { "verseID": "Exodus.7.2", "source": "אַתָּ֣ה תְדַבֵּ֔ר אֵ֖ת כָּל־אֲשֶׁ֣ר אֲצַוֶּ֑ךָּ וְאַהֲרֹ֤ן אָחִ֙יךָ֙ יְדַבֵּ֣ר אֶל־פַּרְעֹ֔ה וְשִׁלַּ֥ח אֶת־בְּנֵֽי־יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל מֵאַרְצֽוֹ", "text": "*ʾattāh* *tədabbēr* *ʾēt* all-that *ʾăṣawwekkā* and-*ʾAhărōn* *ʾāḥîkā* *yədabbēr* unto-*Parʿōh* and-*šillaḥ* *ʾet*-sons-of-*Yiśrāʾēl* from-*ʾarṣô*", "grammar": { "*ʾattāh*": "2nd masculine singular personal pronoun - you", "*tədabbēr*": "piel imperfect 2nd masculine singular - you will speak", "*ʾēt*": "direct object marker", "*ʾăṣawwekkā*": "piel imperfect 1st singular with 2nd masculine singular suffix - I command you", "*ʾAhărōn*": "proper noun - Aaron", "*ʾāḥîkā*": "masculine singular noun with 2nd masculine singular suffix - your brother", "*yədabbēr*": "piel imperfect 3rd masculine singular - he will speak", "*Parʿōh*": "proper noun - Pharaoh", "*šillaḥ*": "piel perfect 3rd masculine singular - he shall send away", "*Yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel", "*ʾarṣô*": "feminine singular noun with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his land" }, "variants": { "*šillaḥ*": "send away/release/let go", "*ʾēt*": "direct object marker/with" } } 3 { "verseID": "Exodus.7.3", "source": "וַאֲנִ֥י אַקְשֶׁ֖ה אֶת־לֵ֣ב פַּרְעֹ֑ה וְהִרְבֵּיתִ֧י אֶת־אֹתֹתַ֛י וְאֶת־מוֹפְתַ֖י בְּאֶ֥רֶץ מִצְרָֽיִם", "text": "And-*ʾănî* *ʾaqšeh* *ʾet*-heart-of *Parʿōh* and-*hirbêtî* *ʾet*-*ʾōtōtay* and-*ʾet*-*môp̄ətay* in-land-of *Miṣrāyim*", "grammar": { "*ʾănî*": "1st person singular personal pronoun - I", "*ʾaqšeh*": "hiphil imperfect 1st singular - I will harden", "*Parʿōh*": "proper noun - Pharaoh", "*hirbêtî*": "hiphil perfect 1st singular - I will multiply", "*ʾōtōtay*": "feminine plural noun with 1st singular suffix - my signs", "*môp̄ətay*": "masculine plural noun with 1st singular suffix - my wonders", "*Miṣrāyim*": "proper noun - Egypt" }, "variants": { "*ʾaqšeh*": "harden/make stubborn/make difficult", "*ʾōtōtay*": "my signs/tokens/evidences", "*môp̄ətay*": "my wonders/miracles/portents" } } 4 { "verseID": "Exodus.7.4", "source": "וְלֹֽא־יִשְׁמַ֤ע אֲלֵכֶם֙ פַּרְעֹ֔ה וְנָתַתִּ֥י אֶת־יָדִ֖י בְּמִצְרָ֑יִם וְהוֹצֵאתִ֨י אֶת־צִבְאֹתַ֜י אֶת־עַמִּ֤י בְנֵֽי־יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ מֵאֶ֣רֶץ מִצְרַ֔יִם בִּשְׁפָטִ֖ים גְּדֹלִֽים", "text": "And-not-*yišmaʿ* to-you *Parʿōh* and-*nātattî* *ʾet*-*yādî* in-*Miṣrāyim* and-*hôṣēʾtî* *ʾet*-*ṣiḇʾōtay* *ʾet*-*ʿammî* sons-of-*Yiśrāʾēl* from-land-of *Miṣrayim* with-*šəp̄āṭîm* *gəḏōlîm*", "grammar": { "*yišmaʿ*": "qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - he will listen", "*Parʿōh*": "proper noun - Pharaoh", "*nātattî*": "qal perfect 1st singular - I will put", "*yādî*": "feminine singular noun with 1st singular suffix - my hand", "*Miṣrāyim*": "proper noun - Egypt", "*hôṣēʾtî*": "hiphil perfect 1st singular - I will bring out", "*ṣiḇʾōtay*": "feminine plural noun with 1st singular suffix - my hosts/armies", "*ʿammî*": "masculine singular noun with 1st singular suffix - my people", "*Yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel", "*šəp̄āṭîm*": "masculine plural noun - judgments", "*gəḏōlîm*": "masculine plural adjective - great" }, "variants": { "*yišmaʿ*": "listen/hear/obey", "*nātattî*": "put/place/set", "*yādî*": "my hand/power/strength", "*ṣiḇʾōtay*": "my hosts/armies/divisions", "*šəp̄āṭîm*": "judgments/punishments/acts of judgment" } } 5 { "verseID": "Exodus.7.5", "source": "וְיָדְע֤וּ מִצְרַ֙יִם֙ כִּֽי־אֲנִ֣י יְהוָ֔ה בִּנְטֹתִ֥י אֶת־יָדִ֖י עַל־מִצְרָ֑יִם וְהוֹצֵאתִ֥י אֶת־בְּנֵֽי־יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל מִתּוֹכָֽם", "text": "And-*yādəʿû* *Miṣrayim* that-*ʾănî* *YHWH* in-*nəṭōtî* *ʾet*-*yādî* against-*Miṣrāyim* and-*hôṣēʾtî* *ʾet*-sons-of-*Yiśrāʾēl* from-midst-of-them", "grammar": { "*yādəʿû*": "qal perfect 3rd common plural - they will know", "*Miṣrayim*": "proper noun - Egypt/Egyptians", "*ʾănî*": "1st person singular personal pronoun - I", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - the divine name", "*nəṭōtî*": "qal infinitive construct with 1st singular suffix - my stretching out", "*yādî*": "feminine singular noun with 1st singular suffix - my hand", "*hôṣēʾtî*": "hiphil perfect 1st singular - I will bring out", "*Yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel" }, "variants": { "*yādəʿû*": "know/learn/recognize", "*nəṭōtî*": "my stretching out/extending/reaching" } } 6 { "verseID": "Exodus.7.6", "source": "וַיַּ֥עַשׂ מֹשֶׁ֖ה וְאַהֲרֹ֑ן כַּאֲשֶׁ֨ר צִוָּ֧ה יְהוָ֛ה אֹתָ֖ם כֵּ֥ן עָשֽׂוּ", "text": "And-*wayyaʿaś* *Mōšeh* and-*ʾAhărōn* just-as *ṣiwwāh* *YHWH* *ʾōtām* so *ʿāśû*", "grammar": { "*wayyaʿaś*": "qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular with waw consecutive - and he did", "*Mōšeh*": "proper noun - Moses", "*ʾAhărōn*": "proper noun - Aaron", "*ṣiwwāh*": "piel perfect 3rd masculine singular - he commanded", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - the divine name", "*ʾōtām*": "direct object marker with 3rd masculine plural suffix - them", "*ʿāśû*": "qal perfect 3rd common plural - they did" }, "variants": { "*ʿāśû*": "did/made/performed" } } 7 { "verseID": "Exodus.7.7", "source": "וּמֹשֶׁה֙ בֶּן־שְׁמֹנִ֣ים שָׁנָ֔ה וְאֽ͏ַהֲרֹ֔ן בֶּן־שָׁלֹ֥שׁ וּשְׁמֹנִ֖ים שָׁנָ֑ה בְּדַבְּרָ֖ם אֶל־פַּרְעֹֽה", "text": "And-*Mōšeh* son-of-eighty *šānāh* and-*ʾAhărōn* son-of-three and-eighty *šānāh* in-*dabbərām* unto-*Parʿōh*", "grammar": { "*Mōšeh*": "proper noun - Moses", "*šānāh*": "feminine singular noun - year", "*ʾAhărōn*": "proper noun - Aaron", "*dabbərām*": "piel infinitive construct with 3rd masculine plural suffix - their speaking", "*Parʿōh*": "proper noun - Pharaoh" }, "variants": { "*dabbərām*": "their speaking/talking to" } } 8 { "verseID": "Exodus.7.8", "source": "וַיֹּ֣אמֶר יְהוָ֔ה אֶל־מֹשֶׁ֥ה וְאֶֽל־אַהֲרֹ֖ן לֵאמֹֽר", "text": "And-*wayyōʾmer* *YHWH* unto-*Mōšeh* and-unto-*ʾAhărōn* *lēʾmōr*", "grammar": { "*wayyōʾmer*": "qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular with waw consecutive - and he said", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - the divine name", "*Mōšeh*": "proper noun - Moses", "*ʾAhărōn*": "proper noun - Aaron", "*lēʾmōr*": "qal infinitive construct - saying" }, "variants": { "*lēʾmōr*": "saying/as follows" } } 9 { "verseID": "Exodus.7.9", "source": "כִּי֩ יְדַבֵּ֨ר אֲלֵכֶ֤ם פַּרְעֹה֙ לֵאמֹ֔ר תְּנ֥וּ לָכֶ֖ם מוֹפֵ֑ת וְאָמַרְתָּ֣ אֶֽל־אַהֲרֹ֗ן קַ֧ח אֶֽת־מַטְּךָ֛ וְהַשְׁלֵ֥ךְ לִפְנֵֽי־פַרְעֹ֖ה יְהִ֥י לְתַנִּֽין", "text": "When *yədabbēr* to-you *Parʿōh* *lēʾmōr*, *tənû* to-you *môp̄ēt* and-*ʾāmartā* unto-*ʾAhărōn*, *qaḥ* *ʾet*-*maṭṭəkā* and-*hašlēk* before-*Parʿōh* *yəhî* to-*tannîn*", "grammar": { "*yədabbēr*": "piel imperfect 3rd masculine singular - he speaks", "*Parʿōh*": "proper noun - Pharaoh", "*lēʾmōr*": "qal infinitive construct - saying", "*tənû*": "qal imperative masculine plural - give", "*môp̄ēt*": "masculine singular noun - wonder/sign", "*ʾāmartā*": "qal perfect 2nd masculine singular - you shall say", "*ʾAhărōn*": "proper noun - Aaron", "*qaḥ*": "qal imperative masculine singular - take", "*maṭṭəkā*": "masculine singular noun with 2nd masculine singular suffix - your staff", "*hašlēk*": "hiphil imperative masculine singular - cast/throw", "*yəhî*": "qal imperfect jussive 3rd masculine singular - let it become", "*tannîn*": "masculine singular noun - serpent/dragon/monster" }, "variants": { "*môp̄ēt*": "wonder/sign/miracle/portent", "*tannîn*": "serpent/sea monster/dragon/large reptile" } } 10 { "verseID": "Exodus.7.10", "source": "וַיָּבֹ֨א מֹשֶׁ֤ה וְאַהֲרֹן֙ אֶל־פַּרְעֹ֔ה וַיַּ֣עַשׂוּ כֵ֔ן כַּאֲשֶׁ֖ר צִוָּ֣ה יְהוָ֑ה וַיַּשְׁלֵ֨ךְ אַהֲרֹ֜ן אֶת־מַטֵּ֗הוּ לִפְנֵ֥י פַרְעֹ֛ה וְלִפְנֵ֥י עֲבָדָ֖יו וַיְהִ֥י לְתַנִּֽין", "text": "And-*wayyāḇōʾ* *Mōšeh* and-*ʾAhărōn* unto-*Parʿōh* and-*wayyaʿăśû* so just-as *ṣiwwāh* *YHWH* and-*wayyašlēk* *ʾAhărōn* *ʾet*-*maṭṭēhû* before *Parʿōh* and-before *ʿăḇāḏāyw* and-*wayəhî* to-*tannîn*", "grammar": { "*wayyāḇōʾ*": "qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular with waw consecutive - and he came", "*Mōšeh*": "proper noun - Moses", "*ʾAhărōn*": "proper noun - Aaron", "*Parʿōh*": "proper noun - Pharaoh", "*wayyaʿăśû*": "qal imperfect 3rd common plural with waw consecutive - and they did", "*ṣiwwāh*": "piel perfect 3rd masculine singular - he commanded", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - the divine name", "*wayyašlēk*": "hiphil imperfect 3rd masculine singular with waw consecutive - and he cast", "*maṭṭēhû*": "masculine singular noun with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his staff", "*ʿăḇāḏāyw*": "masculine plural noun with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his servants", "*wayəhî*": "qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular with waw consecutive - and it became", "*tannîn*": "masculine singular noun - serpent/dragon/monster" }, "variants": { "*ʿăḇāḏāyw*": "his servants/officials/attendants", "*tannîn*": "serpent/sea monster/dragon/large reptile" } } 11 { "verseID": "Exodus.7.11", "source": "וַיִּקְרָא֙ גַּם־פַּרְעֹ֔ה לֽ͏ַחֲכָמִ֖ים וְלַֽמְכַשְּׁפִ֑ים וַיַּֽעֲשׂ֨וּ גַם־הֵ֜ם חַרְטֻמֵּ֥י מִצְרַ֛יִם בְּלַהֲטֵיהֶ֖ם כֵּֽן", "text": "And-*wayyiqrāʾ* also-*Parʿōh* to-the-*ḥăḵāmîm* and-to-the-*məḵaššəp̄îm* and-*wayyaʿăśû* also-they *ḥarṭummê* *Miṣrayim* with-*lahaṭêhem* so", "grammar": { "*wayyiqrāʾ*": "qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular with waw consecutive - and he called", "*Parʿōh*": "proper noun - Pharaoh", "*ḥăḵāmîm*": "masculine plural adjective - wise men", "*məḵaššəp̄îm*": "piel participle masculine plural - sorcerers", "*wayyaʿăśû*": "qal imperfect 3rd common plural with waw consecutive - and they did", "*ḥarṭummê*": "masculine plural construct noun - magicians of", "*Miṣrayim*": "proper noun - Egypt", "*lahaṭêhem*": "masculine plural noun with 3rd masculine plural suffix - their secret arts" }, "variants": { "*ḥăḵāmîm*": "wise men/sages/scholars", "*məḵaššəp̄îm*": "sorcerers/magicians/enchanters", "*ḥarṭummê*": "magicians/sacred scribes/interpreters", "*lahaṭêhem*": "their secret arts/enchantments/magic" } } 12 { "verseID": "Exodus.7.12", "source": "וַיַּשְׁלִ֙יכוּ֙ אִ֣ישׁ מַטֵּ֔הוּ וַיִּהְי֖וּ לְתַנִּינִ֑ם וַיִּבְלַ֥ע מַטֵּֽה־אַהֲרֹ֖ן אֶת־מַטֹּתָֽם", "text": "And-*wayyašlîḵû* *ʾîš* *maṭṭēhû* and-*wayyihyû* to-*tannînim* and-*wayyiḇlaʿ* staff-of-*ʾAhărōn* *ʾet*-*maṭṭōtām*", "grammar": { "*wayyašlîḵû*": "hiphil imperfect 3rd common plural with waw consecutive - and they cast", "*ʾîš*": "masculine singular noun - each man", "*maṭṭēhû*": "masculine singular noun with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his staff", "*wayyihyû*": "qal imperfect 3rd common plural with waw consecutive - and they became", "*tannînim*": "masculine plural noun - serpents/dragons/monsters", "*wayyiḇlaʿ*": "qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular with waw consecutive - and it swallowed", "*ʾAhărōn*": "proper noun - Aaron", "*maṭṭōtām*": "masculine plural noun with 3rd masculine plural suffix - their staffs" }, "variants": { "*ʾîš*": "man/each/every", "*tannînim*": "serpents/sea monsters/dragons/large reptiles", "*wayyiḇlaʿ*": "swallowed/consumed/engulfed" } } 13 { "verseID": "Exodus.7.13", "source": "וַיֶּחֱזַק֙ לֵ֣ב פַּרְעֹ֔ה וְלֹ֥א שָׁמַ֖ע אֲלֵהֶ֑ם כַּאֲשֶׁ֖ר דִּבֶּ֥ר יְהוָֽה", "text": "And-*wayyeḥĕzaq* heart-of *Parʿōh* and-not *šāmaʿ* to-them just-as *dibbēr* *YHWH*", "grammar": { "*wayyeḥĕzaq*": "qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular with waw consecutive - and became strong", "*Parʿōh*": "proper noun - Pharaoh", "*šāmaʿ*": "qal perfect 3rd masculine singular - he listened", "*dibbēr*": "piel perfect 3rd masculine singular - he had spoken", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - the divine name" }, "variants": { "*wayyeḥĕzaq*": "became strong/hardened/was strengthened", "*šāmaʿ*": "heard/listened/obeyed" } } 14 { "verseID": "Exodus.7.14", "source": "וַיֹּ֤אמֶר יְהוָה֙ אֶל־מֹשֶׁ֔ה כָּבֵ֖ד לֵ֣ב פַּרְעֹ֑ה מֵאֵ֖ן לְשַׁלַּ֥ח הָעָֽם", "text": "And-*wayyōʾmer* *YHWH* unto-*Mōšeh* *kāḇēḏ* heart-of *Parʿōh* *mēʾēn* to-*šallaḥ* the-*ʿām*", "grammar": { "*wayyōʾmer*": "qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular with waw consecutive - and he said", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - the divine name", "*Mōšeh*": "proper noun - Moses", "*kāḇēḏ*": "adjective masculine singular - heavy", "*Parʿōh*": "proper noun - Pharaoh", "*mēʾēn*": "piel perfect 3rd masculine singular - he refuses", "*šallaḥ*": "piel infinitive construct - to send away", "*ʿām*": "masculine singular noun with definite article - the people" }, "variants": { "*kāḇēḏ*": "heavy/hardened/stubborn/unresponsive", "*mēʾēn*": "refuses/is unwilling/declines", "*šallaḥ*": "send away/let go/release" } } 15 { "verseID": "Exodus.7.15", "source": "לֵ֣ךְ אֶל־פַּרְעֹ֞ה בַּבֹּ֗קֶר הִנֵּה֙ יֹצֵ֣א הַמַּ֔יְמָה וְנִצַּבְתָּ֥ לִקְרָאת֖וֹ עַל־שְׂפַ֣ת הַיְאֹ֑ר וְהַמַּטֶּ֛ה אֲשֶׁר־נֶהְפַּ֥ךְ לְנָחָ֖שׁ תִּקַּ֥ח בְּיָדֶֽךָ", "text": "*lēk* unto-*Parʿōh* in-the-*bōqer* *hinnēh* *yōṣēʾ* the-*maymāh* and-*niṣṣaḇtā* to-*liqrātô* upon-lip-of the-*yəʾōr* and-the-*maṭṭeh* which-*nehpak* to-*nāḥāš* *tiqqaḥ* in-*yāḏekā*", "grammar": { "*lēk*": "qal imperative masculine singular - go", "*Parʿōh*": "proper noun - Pharaoh", "*bōqer*": "masculine singular noun - morning", "*hinnēh*": "interjection - behold", "*yōṣēʾ*": "qal participle masculine singular - going out", "*maymāh*": "masculine plural noun with directional hey - to the water", "*niṣṣaḇtā*": "niphal perfect 2nd masculine singular - you shall stand", "*liqrātô*": "qal infinitive construct with preposition and 3rd masculine singular suffix - to meet him", "*yəʾōr*": "masculine singular noun with definite article - the river/Nile", "*maṭṭeh*": "masculine singular noun with definite article - the staff", "*nehpak*": "niphal perfect 3rd masculine singular - was turned", "*nāḥāš*": "masculine singular noun - serpent", "*tiqqaḥ*": "qal imperfect 2nd masculine singular - you shall take", "*yāḏekā*": "feminine singular noun with 2nd masculine singular suffix - your hand" }, "variants": { "*yəʾōr*": "river/stream/Nile/canal", "*nehpak*": "was turned/transformed/changed", "*nāḥāš*": "serpent/snake" } } 16 { "verseID": "Exodus.7.16", "source": "וְאָמַרְתָּ֣ אֵלָ֗יו יְהוָ֞ה אֱלֹהֵ֤י הָעִבְרִים֙ שְׁלָחַ֤נִי אֵלֶ֙יךָ֙ לֵאמֹ֔ר שַׁלַּח֙ אֶת־עַמִּ֔י וְיַֽעַבְדֻ֖נִי בַּמִּדְבָּ֑ר וְהִנֵּ֥ה לֹא־שָׁמַ֖עְתָּ עַד־כֹּֽה", "text": "And-*ʾāmartā* unto-him *YHWH* *ʾĕlōhê* the-*ʿiḇrîm* *šəlāḥanî* unto-you *lēʾmōr* *šallaḥ* *ʾet*-*ʿammî* and-*yaʿaḇḏunî* in-the-*miḏbār* and-*hinnēh* not-*šāmaʿtā* until-*kōh*", "grammar": { "*ʾāmartā*": "qal perfect 2nd masculine singular - you shall say", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - the divine name", "*ʾĕlōhê*": "masculine plural construct noun - God of", "*ʿiḇrîm*": "masculine plural noun with definite article - the Hebrews", "*šəlāḥanî*": "qal perfect 3rd masculine singular with 1st singular suffix - he sent me", "*lēʾmōr*": "qal infinitive construct - saying", "*šallaḥ*": "piel imperative masculine singular - send away", "*ʿammî*": "masculine singular noun with 1st singular suffix - my people", "*yaʿaḇḏunî*": "qal imperfect 3rd masculine plural with 1st singular suffix - they may serve me", "*miḏbār*": "masculine singular noun with definite article - the wilderness", "*hinnēh*": "interjection - behold", "*šāmaʿtā*": "qal perfect 2nd masculine singular - you have listened", "*kōh*": "adverb - thus/here/now" }, "variants": { "*ʾĕlōhê*": "God of/deity of", "*šallaḥ*": "send away/let go/release", "*yaʿaḇḏunî*": "they may serve me/worship me/work for me", "*miḏbār*": "wilderness/desert/uninhabited land", "*šāmaʿtā*": "you have heard/listened/obeyed" } } 17 { "verseID": "Exodus.7.17", "source": "כֹּ֚ה אָמַ֣ר יְהוָ֔ה בְּזֹ֣את תֵּדַ֔ע כִּ֖י אֲנִ֣י יְהוָ֑ה הִנֵּ֨ה אָנֹכִ֜י מַכֶּ֣ה ׀ בַּמַּטֶּ֣ה אֲשֶׁר־בְּיָדִ֗י עַל־הַמַּ֛יִם אֲשֶׁ֥ר בַּיְאֹ֖ר וְנֶהֶפְכ֥וּ לְדָֽם", "text": "Thus *ʾāmar* *YHWH* by-this *tēḏaʿ* that *ʾănî* *YHWH* *hinnēh* *ʾānōḵî* *makkeh* with-the-*maṭṭeh* that-in-*yāḏî* upon-the-*mayim* that in-the-*yəʾōr* and-*neheḏkû* to-*ḏām*", "grammar": { "*ʾāmar*": "qal perfect 3rd masculine singular - he says", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - the divine name", "*tēḏaʿ*": "qal imperfect 2nd masculine singular - you will know", "*ʾănî*": "1st person singular personal pronoun - I", "*hinnēh*": "interjection - behold", "*ʾānōḵî*": "1st person singular personal pronoun (emphatic) - I", "*makkeh*": "hiphil participle masculine singular - striking", "*maṭṭeh*": "masculine singular noun with definite article - the staff", "*yāḏî*": "feminine singular noun with 1st singular suffix - my hand", "*mayim*": "masculine plural noun with definite article - the water", "*yəʾōr*": "masculine singular noun with definite article - the river/Nile", "*neheḏkû*": "niphal perfect 3rd common plural - they will be turned", "*ḏām*": "masculine singular noun - blood" }, "variants": { "*tēḏaʿ*": "you will know/recognize/understand", "*makkeh*": "striking/smiting/hitting", "*neheḏkû*": "they will be turned/transformed/changed" } } 18 { "verseID": "Exodus.7.18", "source": "וְהַדָּגָ֧ה אֲשֶׁר־בַּיְאֹ֛ר תָּמ֖וּת וּבָאַ֣שׁ הַיְאֹ֑ר וְנִלְא֣וּ מִצְרַ֔יִם לִשְׁתּ֥וֹת מַ֖יִם מִן־הַיְאֹֽר", "text": "And-the-*dāḡāh* that-in-the-*yəʾōr* *tāmût* and-*ḇāʾaš* the-*yəʾōr* and-*nilʾû* *Miṣrayim* to-*lištôt* *mayim* from-the-*yəʾōr*", "grammar": { "*dāḡāh*": "feminine singular noun with definite article - the fish", "*yəʾōr*": "masculine singular noun with definite article - the river/Nile", "*tāmût*": "qal imperfect 3rd feminine singular - it will die", "*ḇāʾaš*": "qal perfect 3rd masculine singular - it will stink", "*nilʾû*": "niphal perfect 3rd common plural - they will be weary", "*Miṣrayim*": "proper noun - Egypt", "*lištôt*": "qal infinitive construct - to drink", "*mayim*": "masculine plural noun - water" }, "variants": { "*ḇāʾaš*": "will stink/be foul/become putrid", "*nilʾû*": "they will be weary/exhausted/unable" } } 19 { "verseID": "Exodus.7.19", "source": "וַיֹּ֨אמֶר יְהוָ֜ה אֶל־מֹשֶׁ֗ה אֱמֹ֣ר אֶֽל־אַהֲרֹ֡ן קַ֣ח מַטְּךָ֣ וּנְטֵֽה־יָדְךָ֩ עַל־מֵימֵ֨י מִצְרַ֜יִם עַֽל־נַהֲרֹתָ֣ם ׀ עַל־יְאֹרֵיהֶ֣ם וְעַל־אַגְמֵיהֶ֗ם וְעַ֛ל כָּל־מִקְוֵ֥ה מֵימֵיהֶ֖ם וְיִֽהְיוּ־דָ֑ם וְהָ֤יָה דָם֙ בְּכָל־אֶ֣רֶץ מִצְרַ֔יִם וּבָעֵצִ֖ים וּבָאֲבָנִֽים", "text": "And-*wayyōʾmer* *YHWH* unto-*Mōšeh* *ʾĕmōr* unto-*ʾAhărōn* *qaḥ* *maṭṭəkā* and-*nəṭēh*-*yāḏəkā* upon-waters-of *Miṣrayim* upon-their-*nahărōtām* upon-their-*yəʾōrêhem* and-upon-their-*ʾaḡmêhem* and-upon all-*miqwēh* their-waters and-*yihyû*-*ḏām* and-*hāyāh* *ḏām* in-all-land-of *Miṣrayim* and-in-the-*ʿēṣîm* and-in-the-*ʾăḇānîm*", "grammar": { "*wayyōʾmer*": "qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular with waw consecutive - and he said", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - the divine name", "*Mōšeh*": "proper noun - Moses", "*ʾĕmōr*": "qal imperative masculine singular - say", "*ʾAhărōn*": "proper noun - Aaron", "*qaḥ*": "qal imperative masculine singular - take", "*maṭṭəkā*": "masculine singular noun with 2nd masculine singular suffix - your staff", "*nəṭēh*": "qal imperative masculine singular - stretch out", "*yāḏəkā*": "feminine singular noun with 2nd masculine singular suffix - your hand", "*Miṣrayim*": "proper noun - Egypt", "*nahărōtām*": "masculine plural noun with 3rd masculine plural suffix - their rivers", "*yəʾōrêhem*": "masculine plural noun with 3rd masculine plural suffix - their streams", "*ʾaḡmêhem*": "masculine plural noun with 3rd masculine plural suffix - their pools", "*miqwēh*": "masculine singular construct - collection of", "*yihyû*": "qal imperfect 3rd masculine plural - they will become", "*ḏām*": "masculine singular noun - blood", "*hāyāh*": "qal perfect 3rd masculine singular - there will be", "*ʿēṣîm*": "masculine plural noun with definite article - the wooden vessels", "*ʾăḇānîm*": "feminine plural noun with definite article - the stone vessels" }, "variants": { "*nahărōtām*": "their rivers/streams/canals", "*yəʾōrêhem*": "their streams/canals/channels", "*ʾaḡmêhem*": "their pools/ponds/marshes", "*miqwēh*": "collection/gathering/reservoir", "*ʿēṣîm*": "wooden vessels/wooden containers/trees", "*ʾăḇānîm*": "stone vessels/stones" } } 20 { "verseID": "Exodus.7.20", "source": "וַיַּֽעֲשׂוּ־כֵן֩ מֹשֶׁ֨ה וְאַהֲרֹ֜ן כַּאֲשֶׁ֣ר ׀ צִוָּ֣ה יְהוָ֗ה וַיָּ֤רֶם בַּמַּטֶּה֙ וַיַּ֤ךְ אֶת־הַמַּ֙יִם֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר בַּיְאֹ֔ר לְעֵינֵ֣י פַרְעֹ֔ה וּלְעֵינֵ֖י עֲבָדָ֑יו וַיֵּהָֽפְכ֛וּ כָּל־הַמַּ֥יִם אֲשֶׁר־בַּיְאֹ֖ר לְדָֽם", "text": "And-*wayyaʿăśû*-so *Mōšeh* and-*ʾAhărōn* just-as *ṣiwwāh* *YHWH* and-*wayyārem* with-the-*maṭṭeh* and-*wayyak* *ʾet*-the-*mayim* that in-the-*yəʾōr* to-eyes-of *Parʿōh* and-to-eyes-of *ʿăḇāḏāyw* and-*wayyēhāḏḵû* all-the-*mayim* that-in-the-*yəʾōr* to-*ḏām*", "grammar": { "*wayyaʿăśû*": "qal imperfect 3rd common plural with waw consecutive - and they did", "*Mōšeh*": "proper noun - Moses", "*ʾAhărōn*": "proper noun - Aaron", "*ṣiwwāh*": "piel perfect 3rd masculine singular - he commanded", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - the divine name", "*wayyārem*": "hiphil imperfect 3rd masculine singular with waw consecutive - and he lifted up", "*maṭṭeh*": "masculine singular noun with definite article - the staff", "*wayyak*": "hiphil imperfect 3rd masculine singular with waw consecutive - and he struck", "*mayim*": "masculine plural noun with definite article - the water", "*yəʾōr*": "masculine singular noun with definite article - the river/Nile", "*Parʿōh*": "proper noun - Pharaoh", "*ʿăḇāḏāyw*": "masculine plural noun with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his servants", "*wayyēhāḏḵû*": "niphal imperfect 3rd common plural with waw consecutive - and they were turned", "*ḏām*": "masculine singular noun - blood" }, "variants": { "*wayyārem*": "he lifted up/raised up/elevated", "*wayyak*": "he struck/hit/smote", "*wayyēhāḏḵû*": "they were turned/changed/transformed" } } 21 { "verseID": "Exodus.7.21", "source": "וְהַדָּגָ֨ה אֲשֶׁר־בַּיְאֹ֥ר מֵ֙תָה֙ וַיִּבְאַ֣שׁ הַיְאֹ֔ר וְלֹא־יָכְל֣וּ מִצְרַ֔יִם לִשְׁתּ֥וֹת מַ֖יִם מִן־הַיְאֹ֑ר וַיְהִ֥י הַדָּ֖ם בְּכָל־אֶ֥רֶץ מִצְרָֽיִם", "text": "And-the-*dāḡāh* that-in-the-*yəʾōr* *mētāh* and-*wayyiḇʾaš* the-*yəʾōr* and-not-*yāḵəlû* *Miṣrayim* to-*lištôt* *mayim* from-the-*yəʾōr* and-*wayəhî* the-*dām* in-all-land-of *Miṣrāyim*", "grammar": { "*dāḡāh*": "feminine singular noun with definite article - the fish", "*yəʾōr*": "masculine singular noun with definite article - the river/Nile", "*mētāh*": "qal perfect 3rd feminine singular - died", "*wayyiḇʾaš*": "qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular with waw consecutive - and stank", "*yāḵəlû*": "qal perfect 3rd common plural - they were able", "*Miṣrayim*": "proper noun - Egypt", "*lištôt*": "qal infinitive construct - to drink", "*mayim*": "masculine plural noun - water", "*wayəhî*": "qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular with waw consecutive - and there was", "*dām*": "masculine singular noun with definite article - the blood" }, "variants": { "*mētāh*": "died/perished", "*wayyiḇʾaš*": "stank/became foul/putrid", "*yāḵəlû*": "they were able/could/had power" } } 22 { "verseID": "Exodus.7.22", "source": "וַיַּֽעֲשׂוּ־כֵ֛ן חַרְטֻמֵּ֥י מִצְרַ֖יִם בְּלָטֵיהֶ֑ם וַיֶּחֱזַ֤ק לֵב־פַּרְעֹה֙ וְלֹא־שָׁמַ֣ע אֲלֵהֶ֔ם כַּאֲשֶׁ֖ר דִּבֶּ֥ר יְהוָֽה", "text": "And-*wayyaʿăśû*-so *ḥarṭummê* *Miṣrayim* with-*bəlāṭêhem* and-*wayyeḥĕzaq* heart-of-*Parʿōh* and-not-*šāmaʿ* to-them just-as *dibbēr* *YHWH*", "grammar": { "*wayyaʿăśû*": "qal imperfect 3rd common plural with waw consecutive - and they did", "*ḥarṭummê*": "masculine plural construct noun - magicians of", "*Miṣrayim*": "proper noun - Egypt", "*bəlāṭêhem*": "masculine plural noun with 3rd masculine plural suffix - their secret arts", "*wayyeḥĕzaq*": "qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular with waw consecutive - and became strong", "*Parʿōh*": "proper noun - Pharaoh", "*šāmaʿ*": "qal perfect 3rd masculine singular - he listened", "*dibbēr*": "piel perfect 3rd masculine singular - he had spoken", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - the divine name" }, "variants": { "*ḥarṭummê*": "magicians/sacred scribes/interpreters", "*bəlāṭêhem*": "their secret arts/enchantments/magic (variant spelling of *lahaṭêhem*)", "*wayyeḥĕzaq*": "became strong/hardened/was strengthened", "*šāmaʿ*": "heard/listened/obeyed" } } 23 { "verseID": "Exodus.7.23", "source": "וַיִּ֣פֶן פַּרְעֹ֔ה וַיָּבֹ֖א אֶל־בֵּית֑וֹ וְלֹא־שָׁ֥ת לִבּ֖וֹ גַּם־לָזֹֽאת", "text": "And-*wayyip̄en* *Parʿōh* and-*wayyāḇōʾ* unto-*bêtô* and-not-*šāt* *libbô* also-to-this", "grammar": { "*wayyip̄en*": "qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular with waw consecutive - and he turned", "*Parʿōh*": "proper noun - Pharaoh", "*wayyāḇōʾ*": "qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular with waw consecutive - and he came", "*bêtô*": "masculine singular noun with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his house", "*šāt*": "qal perfect 3rd masculine singular - he set", "*libbô*": "masculine singular noun with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his heart" }, "variants": { "*wayyip̄en*": "he turned/turned away/faced away", "*šāt*": "he set/applied/gave attention" } } 24 { "verseID": "Exodus.7.24", "source": "וַיַּחְפְּר֧וּ כָל־מִצְרַ֛יִם סְבִיבֹ֥ת הַיְאֹ֖ר מַ֣יִם לִשְׁתּ֑וֹת כִּ֣י לֹ֤א יָֽכְלוּ֙ לִשְׁתֹּ֔ת מִמֵּימֵ֖י הַיְאֹֽר", "text": "And-*wayyaḥpərû* all-*Miṣrayim* *səḇîḇōt* the-*yəʾōr* *mayim* to-*lištôt* because not *yāḵəlû* to-*lištōt* from-waters-of the-*yəʾōr*", "grammar": { "*wayyaḥpərû*": "qal imperfect 3rd common plural with waw consecutive - and they dug", "*Miṣrayim*": "proper noun - Egypt", "*səḇîḇōt*": "feminine plural noun construct - around", "*yəʾōr*": "masculine singular noun with definite article - the river/Nile", "*mayim*": "masculine plural noun - water", "*lištôt*": "qal infinitive construct - to drink", "*yāḵəlû*": "qal perfect 3rd common plural - they were able" }, "variants": { "*wayyaḥpərû*": "they dug/excavated/searched for", "*səḇîḇōt*": "around/surrounding/vicinity of" } } 25 { "verseID": "Exodus.7.25", "source": "וַיִּמָּלֵ֖א שִׁבְעַ֣ת יָמִ֑ים אַחֲרֵ֥י הַכּוֹת־יְהוָ֖ה אֶת־הַיְאֹֽר", "text": "And-*wayyimmālēʾ* *šiḇʿat* *yāmîm* after *hakkôt*-*YHWH* *ʾet*-the-*yəʾōr*", "grammar": { "*wayyimmālēʾ*": "niphal imperfect 3rd masculine singular with waw consecutive - and were fulfilled", "*šiḇʿat*": "feminine singular construct - seven of", "*yāmîm*": "masculine plural noun - days", "*hakkôt*": "hiphil infinitive construct - the striking of", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - the divine name", "*yəʾōr*": "masculine singular noun with definite article - the river/Nile" }, "variants": { "*wayyimmālēʾ*": "were fulfilled/completed/ended", "*hakkôt*": "the striking/smiting/plague upon" } }