Verse 22

{ "verseID": "Isaiah.37.22", "source": "זֶ֣ה הַדָּבָ֔ר אֲשֶׁר־דִּבֶּ֥ר יְהוָ֖ה עָלָ֑יו בָּזָ֨ה לְךָ֜ לָעֲגָ֣ה לְךָ֗ בְּתוּלַת֙ בַּת־צִיּ֔וֹן אַחֲרֶ֙יךָ֙ רֹ֣אשׁ הֵנִ֔יעָה בַּ֖ת יְרוּשָׁלָֽ͏ִם׃", "text": "This the-*dābār ʾăšer*-*dibber YHWH* concerning-him: *bāzâ* to-you, *lāʿăgâ* to-you *bətûlat bat*-*ṣiyyôn*, after-you *rōʾš hēnîʿâ bat yərûšālāim*.", "grammar": { "*dābār*": "noun, masculine singular - word/matter", "*ʾăšer*": "relative pronoun - which/that", "*dibber*": "verb, piel perfect 3rd person masculine singular - he spoke", "*YHWH*": "proper name - the covenant name of God", "*bāzâ*": "verb, qal perfect 3rd person feminine singular - she despised", "*lāʿăgâ*": "verb, qal perfect 3rd person feminine singular - she mocked", "*bətûlat*": "noun, feminine singular construct - virgin of", "*bat*": "noun, feminine singular construct - daughter of", "*ṣiyyôn*": "proper name - Zion", "*rōʾš*": "noun, masculine singular - head", "*hēnîʿâ*": "verb, hiphil perfect 3rd person feminine singular - she shook", "*bat*": "noun, feminine singular construct - daughter of", "*yərûšālāim*": "proper name - Jerusalem" }, "variants": { "*dābār*": "word/matter/thing", "*dibber*": "spoke/said/declared", "*bāzâ*": "despised/scorned/held in contempt", "*lāʿăgâ*": "mocked/ridiculed/laughed at", "*bətûlat*": "virgin/maiden", "*bat*": "daughter/young woman", "*rōʾš*": "head/top", "*hēnîʿâ*": "shook/wagged/tossed" } }

Other Translations

• GT, oversatt fra Hebraisk

  Dette er det ord Herren har talt mot ham: 'Jomfruen, Sions datter, forakter deg og spotter deg; Jerusalems datter rister hodet mot deg.'

• Moderne oversettelse av Bibelen fra 1611 KJV med hebraisk kontekst

  dette er ordet Herren har talt om ham: «Jomfruen, datteren av Sion, har foraktet deg og hånet deg. Datteren av Jerusalem har ristet på hodet etter deg.

• Norsk King James

  Dette er ordet Herren har talt om ham; Jomfruen, zions datter, har foraktet deg og ledd av deg; Jerusalems datter har ristet på hodet av deg.

• Modernisert Norsk Bibel 1866

  Dette er ordet som Herren har talt mot ham: Jomfruen, Sions datter, forakter deg, hun håner deg, Jerusalems datter ryster hodet etter deg.

• Oversettelse av hebraiske Bibeltekster til moderne norsk bokmål

  er dette ordet som Herren har talt mot ham: 'Jomfru, datter av Sion, forakter og spotter deg. Datteren av Jerusalem rister på hodet etter deg.

• Bibelen: En Moderne Oversettelse av King James Version 1611

  «Dette er ordet som Herren har talt om ham: Jomfruen, Sions datter, forakter deg, hun ler deg i ansiktet; Jerusalems datter rister på hodet mot deg.»

• o3-mini KJV Norsk

  så er dette ordet Herren har ytret om ham: Jomfruen, Sions datter, har foraktet deg og ledd av deg, og Jerusalems datter har ristet på hodet over deg.»

• En Moderne Oversettelse av King James Version 1611 (mar 2025)

  «Dette er ordet som Herren har talt om ham: Jomfruen, Sions datter, forakter deg, hun ler deg i ansiktet; Jerusalems datter rister på hodet mot deg.»

• Lingvistisk bibeloversettelse fra grunntekst

  Dette er det ordet Herren har talt mot ham: Jomfruen, Sions datter, forakter deg og spotter deg; Jerusalems datter rister på hodet etter deg.

• Linguistic Bible Translation from Source Texts

  this is the word the LORD has spoken against him: 'The Virgin Daughter of Zion despises and mocks you. The Daughter of Jerusalem shakes her head as you flee.

• GT, oversatt fra hebraisk Aug2024

  Dette er det ordet Herren har talt om ham: 'Jomfruen, datter Sion, forakter deg og ler deg til skamme. Datter Jerusalem rister sitt hode etter deg.

• Original Norsk Bibel 1866

  Dette er det Ord, som Herren haver talet imod ham: Jomfruen, Zions Datter, hun foragter dig (og) bespotter dig, Jerusalems Datter ryster Hovedet efter dig.

• King James Version 1769 (Standard Version)

  This is the word which the LORD hath spoken concerning him; The virgin, the daughter of Zion, hath despised thee, and laughed thee to scorn; the daughter of Jerusalem hath shaken her head at thee.

• KJV 1769 norsk

  dette er ordet Herren har talt mot ham: 'Jomfruen, Sions datter, har foraktet deg, ledd av deg; Jerusalems datter har ristet på hodet mot deg.

• KJV1611 - Moderne engelsk

  This is the word which the LORD has spoken concerning him; The virgin, the daughter of Zion, has despised you and laughed you to scorn; the daughter of Jerusalem has shaken her head at you.

• King James Version 1611 (Original)

  This is the word which the LORD hath spoken concerning him; The virgin, the daughter of Zion, hath despised thee, and laughed thee to scorn; the daughter of Jerusalem hath shaken her head at thee.

• Norsk oversettelse av Webster

  Dette er ordet som Herren har talt mot ham: Jomfru Sions datter forakter deg, hun håner deg; Jerusalems datter rister på hodet etter deg.

• Norsk oversettelse av Youngs Literal Translation

  dette er det ord som Herren har talt om ham: Jomfrudatter Sion forakter deg og ler deg til skamme; Jerusalems datter rister på hodet etter deg.

• Norsk oversettelse av ASV1901

  er dette ordet Herren har talt om ham: Jomfruen, Sions datter, forakter deg; hun ler deg til hån. Jerusalems datter rister på hodet mot deg.

• Norsk oversettelse av BBE

  Dette er ordet som Herren har talt mot ham: Jomfruen, datteren av Sion, forakter deg, håner deg; datteren av Jerusalem rister på hodet etter deg.

• Coverdale Bible (1535)

  this is the answere, that the LORDE hath geuen concernynge him: Despised art thou, & mocked (o doughter of Sion) he hath shaken his heade at the, o doughter of Ierusalem.

• Geneva Bible (1560)

  This is the worde that the Lord hath spoken against him, the virgine, the daughter of Zion, hath despised thee, & laughed thee to scorne: the daughter of Ierusalem, hath shaken her head at thee.

• Bishops' Bible (1568)

  This is the aunswere that the Lorde hath geuen concernyng hym: Dispised art thou and mocked O daughter Sion, he hath shaken his head at thee O daughter of Hierusalem.

• Authorized King James Version (1611)

  This [is] the word which the LORD hath spoken concerning him; The virgin, the daughter of Zion, hath despised thee, [and] laughed thee to scorn; the daughter of Jerusalem hath shaken her head at thee.

• Webster's Bible (1833)

  this is the word which Yahweh has spoken concerning him: The virgin daughter of Zion has despised you and ridiculed you; the daughter of Jerusalem has shaken her head at you.

• Young's Literal Translation (1862/1898)

  this `is' the word that Jehovah spake concerning him: Trampled on thee, laughed at thee, Hath the virgin daughter of Zion, Behind thee shaken the head hath the daughter of Jerusalem.

• American Standard Version (1901)

  this is the word which Jehovah hath spoken concerning him: The virgin daughter of Zion hath despised thee and laughed thee to scorn; the daughter of Jerusalem hath shaken her head at thee.

• Bible in Basic English (1941)

  This is the word which the Lord has said about him: In the eyes of the virgin daughter of Zion you are shamed and laughed at; the daughter of Jerusalem has made sport of you.

• World English Bible (2000)

  this is the word which Yahweh has spoken concerning him. The virgin daughter of Zion has despised you and ridiculed you. The daughter of Jerusalem has shaken her head at you.

• NET Bible® (New English Translation)

  this is what the LORD says about him:“The virgin daughter Zion despises you– she makes fun of you; daughter Jerusalem shakes her head after you.

Referenced Verses

• Job 16:4 : 4 { "verseID": "Job.16.4", "source": "גַּ֤ם ׀ אָנֹכִי֮ כָּכֶ֢ם אֲדַ֫בֵּ֥רָה ל֤וּ־יֵ֪שׁ נַפְשְׁכֶ֡ם תַּ֤חַת נַפְשִׁ֗י אַחְבִּ֣ירָה עֲלֵיכֶ֣ם בְּמִלִּ֑ים וְאָנִ֥יעָה עֲ֝לֵיכֶ֗ם בְּמ֣וֹ רֹאשִֽׁי׃", "text": "*gam* *ʾānōkî* *kākêm* *ʾădabbērāh* *lû-yēš* *napškem* *taḥat* *napšî* *ʾaḥbîrāh* *ʿălêkem* *bə-millîm* *wə-ʾānîʿāh* *ʿălêkem* *bəmô* *rōʾšî*", "grammar": { "*gam*": "adverb - also, moreover", "*ʾānōkî*": "pronoun 1st singular - I", "*kākêm*": "preposition + 2nd masculine plural suffix - like you", "*ʾădabbērāh*": "Piel imperfect 1st singular cohortative - I would speak", "*lû-yēš*": "conditional particle + existential - if there were", "*napškem*": "noun feminine singular + 2nd masculine plural suffix - your soul", "*taḥat*": "preposition - under, instead of", "*napšî*": "noun feminine singular + 1st singular suffix - my soul", "*ʾaḥbîrāh*": "Hiphil imperfect 1st singular cohortative - I would join", "*ʿălêkem*": "preposition + 2nd masculine plural suffix - against you", "*bə-millîm*": "preposition + noun feminine plural - with words", "*wə-ʾānîʿāh*": "conjunction + Hiphil imperfect 1st singular cohortative - and I would shake", "*bəmô*": "preposition - with", "*rōʾšî*": "noun masculine singular + 1st singular suffix - my head" }, "variants": { "*ʾădabbērāh*": "to speak, declare", "*napškem*": "soul, self, life, being, desire", "*napšî*": "soul, self, life, being, desire", "*ʾaḥbîrāh*": "to join, unite, combine, heap up", "*millîm*": "words, speech", "*ʾānîʿāh*": "to waver, shake, wag" } }
• Ps 9:14 : 14 { "verseID": "Psalms.9.14", "source": "חָֽנְנֵ֬נִי יְהוָ֗ה רְאֵ֣ה עָ֭נְיִי מִשֹּׂנְאָ֑י מְ֝רוֹמְמִ֗י מִשַּׁ֥עֲרֵי מָֽוֶת׃", "text": "*Ḥānan* me, *YHWH*; *rā'â* my *'ŏnî* from those who *śānē'* me; *rûm* me from the *ša'ar* of *māwet*", "grammar": { "*ḥānan*": "qal imperative masculine singular with 1st person singular suffix - 'be gracious to me'", "*YHWH*": "divine name - 'LORD'", "*rā'â*": "qal imperative masculine singular - 'see/look at'", "*'ŏnî*": "masculine singular noun with 1st person singular suffix - 'my affliction'", "*śānē'*": "qal participle masculine plural with 1st person singular suffix - 'those who hate me'", "*rûm*": "polel participle masculine singular with 1st person singular suffix - 'the one who lifts me up'", "*ša'ar*": "masculine plural construct - 'gates of'", "*māwet*": "masculine singular noun - 'death'" }, "variants": { "*ḥānan*": "be gracious/show favor/have mercy", "*rā'â*": "see/observe/regard/consider", "*'ŏnî*": "affliction/misery/poverty/suffering", "*śānē'*": "hate/detest/reject/be hostile to", "*rûm*": "lift up/raise/exalt", "*ša'ar*": "gates/entrances/doorways", "*māwet*": "death/dying/realm of death" } }
• Isa 1:8 : 8 { "verseID": "Isaiah.1.8", "source": "וְנוֹתְרָ֥ה בַת־צִיּ֖וֹן כְּסֻכָּ֣ה בְכָ֑רֶם כִּמְלוּנָ֥ה בְמִקְשָׁ֖ה כְּעִ֥יר נְצוּרָֽה׃", "text": "*wᵉnôtᵉrâ* *bat*-*ṣîyôn* *kᵉsukkâ* *bᵉkārem* *kimlûnâ* *bᵉmiqšâ* *kᵉ'îr* *nᵉṣûrâ*", "grammar": { "*wᵉnôtᵉrâ*": "conjunction wə- + verb, nifal perfect, 3rd person feminine singular - and is left", "*bat*": "noun, feminine singular construct - daughter of", "*ṣîyôn*": "proper noun - Zion", "*kᵉsukkâ*": "preposition kᵉ- + noun, feminine singular - like a booth/hut", "*bᵉkārem*": "preposition bᵉ- + noun, masculine singular - in a vineyard", "*kimlûnâ*": "preposition kᵉ- + noun, feminine singular - like a lodge/shelter", "*bᵉmiqšâ*": "preposition bᵉ- + noun, feminine singular - in a cucumber field", "*kᵉ'îr*": "preposition kᵉ- + noun, feminine singular - like a city", "*nᵉṣûrâ*": "niphal passive participle, feminine singular - besieged" }, "variants": { "*wᵉnôtᵉrâ*": "is left/remains/survives", "*bat*-*ṣîyôn*": "daughter of Zion/Jerusalem", "*sukkâ*": "booth/hut/shelter/temporary structure", "*mlûnâ*": "lodge/shelter/watchman's hut", "*miqšâ*": "cucumber field/garden of cucumbers", "*nᵉṣûrâ*": "besieged/under siege/watched/guarded" } }
• Jer 14:17 : 17 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.14.17", "source": "וְאָמַרְתָּ֤ אֲלֵיהֶם֙ אֶת־הַדָּבָ֣ר הַזֶּ֔ה תֵּרַ֨דְנָה עֵינַ֥י דִּמְעָ֛ה לַ֥יְלָה וְיוֹמָ֖ם וְאַל־תִּדְמֶ֑ינָה כִּי֩ שֶׁ֨בֶר גָּד֜וֹל נִשְׁבְּרָ֗ה בְּתוּלַת֙ בַּת־עַמִּ֔י מַכָּ֖ה נַחְלָ֥ה מְאֹֽד׃", "text": "*wəʾāmartā* to-them *haḏḏāḇār* the-this *tēraḏnāh* *ʿênay* *dimʿāh* *laylāh* *wəyômām* and-not-*tiḏmênāh* for *šeḇer* *gāḏôl* *nišbərāh* *bəṯûlaṯ* *baṯ*-*ʿammî* *makkāh* *naḥlāh* *məʾōḏ*", "grammar": { "*wəʾāmartā*": "qal perfect, 2nd singular masculine with conjunction - and you shall say", "*haḏḏāḇār*": "noun, masculine singular with direct object marker + definite article - the word", "*tēraḏnāh*": "qal imperfect, 3rd plural feminine - they will run down", "*ʿênay*": "noun, feminine dual construct with 1st person singular suffix - my eyes", "*dimʿāh*": "noun, feminine singular - tears", "*laylāh*": "noun, masculine singular - night", "*wəyômām*": "adverb with conjunction - and day", "*tiḏmênāh*": "qal imperfect, 3rd plural feminine with negative particle - they should not cease", "*šeḇer*": "noun, masculine singular - breaking/fracture", "*gāḏôl*": "adjective, masculine singular - great", "*nišbərāh*": "niphal perfect, 3rd singular feminine - is broken", "*bəṯûlaṯ*": "noun, feminine singular construct - virgin of", "*baṯ*": "noun, feminine singular construct - daughter of", "*ʿammî*": "noun, masculine singular with 1st person singular suffix - my people", "*makkāh*": "noun, feminine singular - wound/blow", "*naḥlāh*": "adjective, feminine singular - sick/sore", "*məʾōḏ*": "adverb - very/exceedingly" }, "variants": { "*tēraḏnāh*": "they will run down/flow down/descend", "*dimʿāh*": "tears/weeping", "*tiḏmênāh*": "they should not cease/be silent/rest", "*šeḇer*": "breaking/fracture/ruin/destruction", "*nišbərāh*": "is broken/shattered/crushed", "*bəṯûlaṯ*": "virgin of/maiden of", "*makkāh*": "wound/blow/defeat", "*naḥlāh*": "sick/sore/severe/grievous" } }
• Lam 2:13 : 13 { "verseID": "Lamentations.2.13", "source": "מָֽה־אֲעִידֵ֞ךְ מָ֣ה אֲדַמֶּה־לָּ֗ךְ הַבַּת֙ יְר֣וּשָׁלִַ֔ם מָ֤ה אַשְׁוֶה־לָּךְ֙ וַאֲנַֽחֲמֵ֔ךְ בְּתוּלַ֖ת בַּת־צִיּ֑וֹן כִּֽי־גָד֥וֹל כַּיָּ֛ם שִׁבְרֵ֖ךְ מִ֥י יִרְפָּא־לָֽךְ׃", "text": "What-*ʾăʿîḏēḵ* what *ʾăḏammeh*-to-you the-daughter *yərûšālaim* what *ʾašweh*-to-you and-*ʾănaḥămēḵ* virgin daughter-*ṣiyyôn* for-great like-*yām* *šiḇrēḵ* who *yirpāʾ*-to-you", "grammar": { "*mâ-ʾăʿîḏēḵ*": "interrogative + hiphil imperfect, 1st common singular + 2nd feminine singular suffix - what shall I testify to you", "*mâ*": "interrogative - what", "*ʾăḏammeh-lāḵ*": "piel imperfect, 1st common singular + preposition + 2nd feminine singular suffix - shall I compare to you", "*habbaṯ*": "definite article + noun, feminine singular construct - O daughter", "*yərûšālaim*": "proper noun - Jerusalem", "*mâ*": "interrogative - what", "*ʾašweh-lāḵ*": "hiphil imperfect, 1st common singular + preposition + 2nd feminine singular suffix - shall I liken to you", "*waʾănaḥămēḵ*": "conjunction + piel imperfect, 1st common singular + 2nd feminine singular suffix - that I may comfort you", "*bəṯûlaṯ*": "noun, feminine singular construct - virgin of", "*baṯ-ṣiyyôn*": "construct chain - daughter of Zion", "*kî-ḡāḏôl*": "conjunction + adjective, masculine singular - for great", "*kayyām*": "preposition + definite article + noun, masculine singular - as the sea", "*šiḇrēḵ*": "noun, masculine singular + 2nd feminine singular suffix - your destruction/breach", "*mî*": "interrogative - who", "*yirpāʾ-lāḵ*": "qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular + preposition + 2nd feminine singular suffix - will heal you" }, "variants": { "*ʾăʿîḏēḵ*": "testify to/bear witness to/admonish", "*ʾăḏammeh*": "compare/liken/think", "*ʾašweh*": "make equal/compare/liken", "*ʾănaḥămēḵ*": "comfort/console", "*bəṯûlaṯ*": "virgin/maiden", "*šiḇrēḵ*": "breach/breaking/destruction/ruin", "*yirpāʾ*": "heal/cure/repair" } }
• Zeph 3:14 : 14 { "verseID": "Zephaniah.3.14", "source": "רָנִּי֙ בַּת־צִיּ֔וֹן הָרִ֖יעוּ יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל שִׂמְחִ֤י וְעָלְזִי֙ בְּכָל־לֵ֔ב בַּ֖ת יְרוּשָׁלָֽ͏ִם", "text": "*rānnî* *bat*-*ṣiyyôn*, *hārîʿû* *yiśrāʾēl*; *śimḥî* and *ʿālezî* in all-*lēb*, *bat* *yĕrûšālāim*", "grammar": { "*rānnî*": "qal imperative feminine singular - sing/cry out", "*bat*": "feminine singular construct - daughter of", "*ṣiyyôn*": "proper noun - Zion", "*hārîʿû*": "hiphil imperative masculine plural - shout", "*yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel", "*śimḥî*": "qal imperative feminine singular - rejoice", "*ʿālezî*": "qal imperative feminine singular - exult/be jubilant", "*lēb*": "masculine singular noun - heart", "*yĕrûšālāim*": "proper noun - Jerusalem" }, "variants": { "*rānnî*": "sing/cry out/shout for joy", "*bat*": "daughter/inhabitants", "*hārîʿû*": "shout/raise a shout/cry aloud", "*śimḥî*": "rejoice/be glad", "*ʿālezî*": "exult/be jubilant/triumph", "*lēb*": "heart/mind/inner self" } }
• Zech 2:10 : 10 { "verseID": "Zechariah.2.10", "source": "ה֣וֹי ה֗וֹי וְנֻ֛סוּ מֵאֶ֥רֶץ צָפ֖וֹן נְאֻם־יְהוָ֑ה כִּ֠י כְּאַרְבַּ֞ע רוּח֧וֹת הַשָּׁמַ֛יִם פֵּרַ֥שְׂתִּי אֶתְכֶ֖ם נְאֻם־יְהוָֽה׃", "text": "*Hôy* *hôy* and *wənusû* from *ʾereṣ* *ṣāpôn* *nəʾum*-*YHWH* for like *kəʾarbaʿ* *rûḥôt* *haššāmayim* *pēraśtî* *ʾetḵem* *nəʾum*-*YHWH*", "grammar": { "*Hôy*": "interjection - ho/alas/woe", "*wənusû*": "conjunction + imperative masculine plural Qal of *nûs* - and flee", "*ʾereṣ*": "noun feminine singular construct - land of", "*ṣāpôn*": "noun masculine singular - north", "*nəʾum*": "noun masculine singular construct - declaration of", "*YHWH*": "divine name - LORD/Yahweh", "*kəʾarbaʿ*": "preposition + numeral feminine - like four", "*rûḥôt*": "noun feminine plural construct - winds of", "*haššāmayim*": "definite article + noun masculine dual - the heavens", "*pēraśtî*": "1st person singular perfect Piel of *pāraś* - I have spread", "*ʾetḵem*": "direct object marker + 2nd person masculine plural suffix - you" }, "variants": { "*Hôy*": "ho/alas/woe/ah", "*nûs*": "flee/escape", "*rûḥôt*": "winds/directions/spirits", "*pēraśtî*": "I have spread/scattered/dispersed" } }
• Zech 9:9 : 9 { "verseID": "Zechariah.9.9", "source": "גִּילִ֨י מְאֹ֜ד בַּת־צִיּ֗וֹן הָרִ֙יעִי֙ בַּ֣ת יְרוּשָׁלִַ֔ם הִנֵּ֤ה מַלְכֵּךְ֙ יָ֣בוֹא לָ֔ךְ צַדִּ֥יק וְנוֹשָׁ֖ע ה֑וּא עָנִי֙ וְרֹכֵ֣ב עַל־חֲמ֔וֹר וְעַל־עַ֖יִר בֶּן־אֲתֹנֽוֹת׃", "text": "*gîlî* very *baṯ*-*ṣiyyôn* *hārîʿî* *baṯ* *yərûšālaim* *hinnēh* *malkēḵ* *yāḇôʾ* to-you *ṣaddîq* *wə*-*nôšāʿ* he *ʿānî* *wə*-*rōḵēḇ* upon-*ḥămôr* *wə*-upon-*ʿayir* *ben*-*ʾăṯōnôṯ*.", "grammar": { "*gîlî*": "verb, qal imperative, feminine singular - rejoice", "*məʾōḏ*": "adverb - very/greatly", "*baṯ*": "noun, feminine, singular, construct - daughter of", "*ṣiyyôn*": "proper noun - Zion", "*hārîʿî*": "verb, hiphil imperative, feminine singular - shout aloud", "*baṯ*": "noun, feminine, singular, construct - daughter of", "*yərûšālaim*": "proper noun - Jerusalem", "*hinnēh*": "interjection - behold/look", "*malkēḵ*": "noun, masculine, singular + 2nd person feminine singular suffix - your king", "*yāḇôʾ*": "verb, qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - will come", "*lāḵ*": "preposition + 2nd person feminine singular suffix - to you", "*ṣaddîq*": "adjective, masculine, singular - righteous", "*wə*": "conjunction - and", "*nôšāʿ*": "verb, niphal participle, masculine singular - saved/having salvation", "*hûʾ*": "pronoun, 3rd person masculine singular - he", "*ʿānî*": "adjective, masculine, singular - poor/afflicted/humble", "*wə*": "conjunction - and", "*rōḵēḇ*": "verb, qal participle, masculine singular - riding", "*ʿal*": "preposition - upon", "*ḥămôr*": "noun, masculine, singular - donkey/ass", "*wə*": "conjunction - and", "*ʿal*": "preposition - upon", "*ʿayir*": "noun, masculine, singular - young male donkey/colt", "*ben*": "noun, masculine, singular, construct - son of", "*ʾăṯōnôṯ*": "noun, feminine, plural - female donkeys" }, "variants": { "*gîlî*": "rejoice/be happy/exult", "*hārîʿî*": "shout aloud/shout for joy/raise a war cry", "*ṣaddîq*": "righteous/just/innocent", "*nôšāʿ*": "saved/having salvation/victorious", "*ʿānî*": "poor/afflicted/humble/lowly", "*ʿayir*": "young male donkey/colt/foal", "*ben*-*ʾăṯōnôṯ*": "son of female donkeys/offspring of she-asses/colt of a donkey" } }
• Matt 21:5 : 5 { "verseID": "Matthew.21.5", "source": "Εἴπατε τῇ θυγατρὶ Σιών, Ἰδού, ὁ Βασιλεύς σου ἔρχεταί σοι, πραῢς, καὶ ἐπιβεβηκὼς ἐπὶ ὄνον, καὶ πῶλον υἱὸν ὑποζυγίου.", "text": "*Eipate* to the *thygatri Siōn*, *Idou*, the *Basileus* of you *erchetai* to you, *praÿs*, and *epibebēkōs* upon *onon*, and *pōlon* *huion* of *hypozygiou*.", "grammar": { "*Eipate*": "aorist active imperative, 2nd plural - say/tell", "*thygatri*": "dative, feminine, singular - to daughter", "*Siōn*": "genitive, feminine, singular - of Zion", "*Idou*": "aorist middle imperative - behold/look/see", "*Basileus*": "nominative, masculine, singular - King", "*erchetai*": "present middle indicative, 3rd singular - comes/is coming", "*praÿs*": "nominative, masculine, singular - gentle/meek", "*epibebēkōs*": "perfect active participle, nominative, masculine, singular - having mounted/sitting on", "*onon*": "accusative, feminine, singular - donkey/ass", "*pōlon*": "accusative, masculine, singular - colt/young donkey", "*huion*": "accusative, masculine, singular - son", "*hypozygiou*": "genitive, neuter, singular - of beast of burden" }, "variants": { "*Idou*": "behold/look/see", "*Basileus*": "King/Ruler/Sovereign", "*praÿs*": "gentle/meek/humble", "*hypozygiou*": "beast of burden/pack animal/donkey" } }
• Matt 27:39 : 39 { "verseID": "Matthew.27.39", "source": "¶Οἱ δὲ παραπορευόμενοι ἐβλασφήμουν αὐτὸν, κινοῦντες τὰς κεφαλὰς αὐτῶν,", "text": "But those *paraporeuomenoi* *eblasphēmoun* him, *kinountes* the *kephalas* of them,", "grammar": { "*paraporeuomenoi*": "present middle participle, nominative, masculine, plural - passing by", "*eblasphēmoun*": "imperfect active indicative, 3rd plural - were blaspheming/reviling", "*kinountes*": "present active participle, nominative, masculine, plural - shaking/moving", "*kephalas*": "accusative, feminine, plural - heads" }, "variants": { "*paraporeuomenoi*": "passing by/going past", "*eblasphēmoun*": "were blaspheming/reviling/insulting [continuous action]", "*kinountes*": "shaking/moving/wagging [gesture of derision]" } }
• Joel 3:9-9 : 9 { "verseID": "Joel.3.9", "source": "קִרְאוּ־זֹאת֙ בַּגּוֹיִ֔ם קַדְּשׁ֖וּ מִלְחָמָ֑ה הָעִ֙ירוּ֙ הַגִּבּוֹרִ֔ים יִגְּשׁ֣וּ יַֽעֲל֔וּ כֹּ֖ל אַנְשֵׁ֥י הַמִּלְחָמָֽה", "text": "*Qirʾû*-this in-the-*gôyim* *qaddəšû* *milḥāmāh* *hāʿîrû* the-*gibbôrîm* *yiggəšû* *yaʿălû* all *ʾanšê* the-*milḥāmāh*", "grammar": { "*qirʾû*": "qal imperative masculine plural - proclaim/call out", "*zōʾṯ*": "demonstrative feminine singular - this", "*baggôyim*": "preposition + definite article + masculine plural noun - among the nations", "*qaddəšû*": "piel imperative masculine plural - sanctify/prepare", "*milḥāmāh*": "feminine singular noun - war/battle", "*hāʿîrû*": "hiphil imperative masculine plural - arouse/stir up", "*haggibbôrîm*": "definite article + masculine plural noun - the mighty men/warriors", "*yiggəšû*": "qal imperfect 3rd person masculine plural - let them approach", "*yaʿălû*": "qal imperfect 3rd person masculine plural - let them go up", "*kōl*": "noun construct - all of", "*ʾanšê*": "masculine plural construct - men of", "*hammilḥāmāh*": "definite article + feminine singular noun - the war/battle" }, "variants": { "*qirʾû*": "proclaim/call out/announce", "*qaddəšû*": "sanctify/prepare/consecrate", "*milḥāmāh*": "war/battle/conflict", "*hāʿîrû*": "arouse/stir up/awaken", "*gibbôrîm*": "mighty men/warriors/heroes", "*yiggəšû*": "approach/draw near/come close", "*yaʿălû*": "go up/ascend/advance", "*ʾanšê hammilḥāmāh*": "men of war/soldiers/warriors" } } 10 { "verseID": "Joel.3.10", "source": "כֹּ֤תּוּ אִתֵּיכֶם֙ לַֽחֲרָב֔וֹת וּמַזְמְרֹֽתֵיכֶ֖ם לִרְמָחִ֑ים הַֽחַלָּ֔שׁ יֹאמַ֖ר גִּבּ֥וֹר אָֽנִי", "text": "*Kōttû* *ʾittêḵem* to-*ḥărāḇôṯ* and-*mazməroṯêḵem* to-*rəmāḥîm* the-*ḥallāš* *yōʾmar* *gibbôr* *ʾānî*", "grammar": { "*kōttû*": "qal imperative masculine plural - beat/hammer", "*ʾittêḵem*": "direct object marker + 2nd person masculine plural suffix - your plowshares", "*laḥărāḇôṯ*": "preposition + feminine plural noun - into swords", "*ûmazməroṯêḵem*": "conjunction + feminine plural noun + 2nd person masculine plural suffix - and your pruning hooks", "*lirəmāḥîm*": "preposition + masculine plural noun - into spears", "*haḥallāš*": "definite article + adjective masculine singular - the weak", "*yōʾmar*": "qal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular - let him say", "*gibbôr*": "adjective masculine singular - mighty", "*ʾānî*": "1st person singular independent pronoun - I" }, "variants": { "*kōttû*": "beat/hammer/forge", "*ʾittêḵem*": "your plowshares/your plow blades", "*ḥărāḇôṯ*": "swords/knives", "*mazməroṯêḵem*": "your pruning hooks/your pruning knives", "*rəmāḥîm*": "spears/lances", "*ḥallāš*": "weak/feeble", "*gibbôr*": "mighty/strong/warrior" } } 11 { "verseID": "Joel.3.11", "source": "ע֣וּשׁוּ וָבֹ֧אוּ כָֽל־הַגּוֹיִ֛ם מִסָּבִ֖יב וְנִקְבָּ֑צוּ שָׁ֕מָּה הַֽנְחַ֥ת יְהוָ֖ה גִּבּוֹרֶֽיךָ", "text": "*ʿûšû* and-*bōʾû* all-the-*gôyim* from-*sāḇîḇ* and-*niqbāṣû* *šāmmāh* *hanḥaṯ* *YHWH* *gibbôrêḵā*", "grammar": { "*ʿûšû*": "qal imperative masculine plural - hasten/make haste", "*wāḇōʾû*": "conjunction + qal imperative masculine plural - and come", "*ḵāl-haggôyim*": "construct + definite article + masculine plural noun - all the nations", "*missāḇîḇ*": "preposition + adverb - from around/from every side", "*wəniqbāṣû*": "conjunction + niphal imperative masculine plural - and be gathered", "*šāmmāh*": "adverb + directional he - there/thither", "*hanḥaṯ*": "hiphil imperative masculine singular - bring down", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - LORD", "*gibbôrêḵā*": "masculine plural noun + 2nd person masculine singular suffix - your mighty ones" }, "variants": { "*ʿûšû*": "hasten/hurry/make haste", "*bōʾû*": "come/enter/arrive", "*gôyim*": "nations/peoples/gentiles", "*missāḇîḇ*": "from around/from all sides/surrounding", "*niqbāṣû*": "be gathered/assemble/come together", "*hanḥaṯ*": "bring down/lead down", "*gibbôrîm*": "mighty ones/warriors/heroes" } } 12 { "verseID": "Joel.3.12", "source": "יֵע֙וֹרוּ֙ וְיַעֲל֣וּ הַגּוֹיִ֔ם אֶל־עֵ֖מֶק יְהֽוֹשָׁפָ֑ט כִּ֣י שָׁ֗ם אֵשֵׁ֛ב לִשְׁפֹּ֥ט אֶת־כָּל־הַגּוֹיִ֖ם מִסָּבִֽיב", "text": "*Yēʿôrû* and-*yaʿălû* the-*gôyim* to-*ʿēmeq* *yəhôšāp̄āṭ* for there *ʾēšēḇ* to-*šəpōṭ* *ʾeṯ*-all-the-*gôyim* from-*sāḇîḇ*", "grammar": { "*yēʿôrû*": "niphal imperfect 3rd person masculine plural - let them be aroused", "*wəyaʿălû*": "conjunction + qal imperfect 3rd person masculine plural - and let them come up", "*haggôyim*": "definite article + masculine plural noun - the nations", "*ʾel-ʿēmeq*": "preposition + masculine singular construct - to the valley of", "*yəhôšāp̄āṭ*": "proper noun - Jehoshaphat", "*kî*": "conjunction - for/because", "*šām*": "adverb - there", "*ʾēšēḇ*": "qal imperfect 1st person singular - I will sit", "*lišpōṭ*": "preposition + qal infinitive construct - to judge", "*ʾeṯ-kāl-haggôyim*": "direct object marker + construct + definite article + masculine plural noun - all the nations", "*missāḇîḇ*": "preposition + adverb - from around/from every side" }, "variants": { "*yēʿôrû*": "be aroused/be stirred up/be awakened", "*yaʿălû*": "come up/ascend/go up", "*ʿēmeq yəhôšāp̄āṭ*": "Valley of Jehoshaphat/Valley of YHWH's judgment", "*ʾēšēḇ*": "sit/dwell/remain", "*šəpōṭ*": "judge/govern/vindicate", "*missāḇîḇ*": "from around/from all sides/surrounding" } }
• Amos 5:2 : 2 { "verseID": "Amos.5.2", "source": "נָֽפְלָה֙ לֹֽא־תוֹסִ֣יף ק֔וּם בְּתוּלַ֖ת יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל נִטְּשָׁ֥ה עַל־אַדְמָתָ֖הּ אֵ֥ין מְקִימָֽהּ׃", "text": "*Nāphlāh* not-*tôsîph* *qûm* *bətûlat* *yiśrāʾēl*; *niṭṭəshāh* upon-*ʾadmātāh* *ʾên* *məqîmāh*", "grammar": { "*Nāphlāh*": "perfect, qal, 3rd feminine singular - she has fallen", "*tôsîph*": "imperfect, hiphil, 3rd feminine singular - she will add/continue", "*qûm*": "infinitive construct, qal - to rise/stand up", "*bətûlat*": "construct form, feminine singular - virgin of", "*niṭṭəshāh*": "perfect, niphal, 3rd feminine singular - she is abandoned/forsaken", "*ʾadmātāh*": "noun, feminine singular + 3rd feminine singular suffix - her ground/land", "*ʾên*": "particle of negation - there is not", "*məqîmāh*": "participle, hiphil, masculine singular + 3rd feminine singular suffix - one raising her up" }, "variants": { "*Nāphlāh*": "fallen/collapsed/defeated", "*tôsîph*": "continue/add/do again", "*niṭṭəshāh*": "abandoned/forsaken/cast down", "*ʾadmātāh*": "her ground/her land/her soil" } }
• Lam 1:15 : 15 { "verseID": "Lamentations.1.15", "source": "סִלָּ֨ה כָל־אַבִּירַ֤י ׀ אֲדֹנָי֙ בְּקִרְבִּ֔י קָרָ֥א עָלַ֛י מוֹעֵ֖ד לִשְׁבֹּ֣ר בַּחוּרָ֑י גַּ֚ת דָּרַ֣ךְ אֲדֹנָ֔י לִבְתוּלַ֖ת בַּת־יְהוּדָֽה׃ ס", "text": "*sillāh* all-my *ʾabbîray* *ʾăḏōnāy* within me; he *qārāʾ* upon me *môʿēḏ* to *lišbōr* my *baḥûrāy*; *gaṯ* *dāraḵ* *ʾăḏōnāy* to *ḇəṯûlaṯ* *baṯ*-*yəhûḏāh*.", "grammar": { "*sillāh*": "piel perfect, 3rd masculine singular - he rejected", "*kāl*": "noun, construct - all of", "*ʾabbîray*": "noun, masculine plural with 1st singular suffix - my mighty men", "*ʾăḏōnāy*": "noun, masculine plural construct with 1st singular suffix - my Lord", "*bəqirbî*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular with 1st singular suffix - within me", "*qārāʾ*": "qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - he called", "*ʿālay*": "preposition with 1st singular suffix - upon me", "*môʿēḏ*": "noun, masculine singular - appointed time", "*lišbōr*": "preposition + qal infinitive construct - to break", "*baḥûrāy*": "noun, masculine plural with 1st singular suffix - my young men", "*gaṯ*": "noun, feminine singular - winepress", "*dāraḵ*": "qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - he trod", "*ʾăḏōnāy*": "noun, masculine plural construct with 1st singular suffix - my Lord", "*liḇəṯûlaṯ*": "preposition + noun, feminine singular construct - to virgin of", "*baṯ*": "noun, feminine singular construct - daughter of", "*yəhûḏāh*": "proper noun - Judah" }, "variants": { "*sillāh*": "rejected/cast away/set aside/trampled", "*ʾabbîray*": "my mighty men/my warriors/my strong ones", "*qārāʾ môʿēḏ*": "called an assembly/proclaimed a solemn assembly/summoned", "*lišbōr*": "to break/to crush/to shatter", "*baḥûrāy*": "my young men/my chosen ones", "*gaṯ dāraḵ*": "trod the winepress/trampled as in a winepress", "*ḇəṯûlaṯ baṯ-yəhûḏāh*": "virgin daughter of Judah/the virgin of the daughter of Judah" } }
• Isa 8:9-9 : 9 { "verseID": "Isaiah.8.9", "source": "רֹ֤עוּ עַמִּים֙ וָחֹ֔תּוּ וְהַֽאֲזִ֔ינוּ כֹּ֖ל מֶרְחַקֵּי־אָ֑רֶץ הִתְאַזְּר֣וּ וָחֹ֔תּוּ הִֽתְאַזְּר֖וּ וָחֹֽתּוּ׃", "text": "*rōʿû ʿammîm* and-*ḥōttû* and-*haʾăzînû* all *merḥaqqê*-*ʾāreṣ hitʾazzərû* and-*ḥōttû hitʾazzərû* and-*ḥōttû*", "grammar": { "*rōʿû*": "qal imperative masculine plural - be shattered/broken", "*ʿammîm*": "noun masculine plural - peoples/nations", "*ḥōttû*": "qal imperative masculine plural - be dismayed/terrified", "*haʾăzînû*": "hiphil imperative masculine plural - give ear/listen", "*merḥaqqê*": "noun masculine plural construct - distant places of", "*ʾāreṣ*": "noun feminine singular - earth/land", "*hitʾazzərû*": "hithpael imperative masculine plural - arm yourselves/gird yourselves" }, "variants": { "*rōʿû*": "be shattered/be broken/be evil (possibly from different root)", "*ḥōttû*": "be dismayed/be terrified/be shattered", "*haʾăzînû*": "give ear/listen attentively/pay attention", "*hitʾazzərû*": "arm yourselves/gird yourselves/prepare yourselves", "*merḥaqqê-ʾāreṣ*": "distant parts of the earth/far regions of the land" } } 10 { "verseID": "Isaiah.8.10", "source": "עֻ֥צוּ עֵצָ֖ה וְתֻפָ֑ר דַּבְּר֤וּ דָבָר֙ וְלֹ֣א יָק֔וּם כִּ֥י עִמָּ֖נוּ אֵֽל׃", "text": "*ʿuṣû ʿēṣāh* and-*tupār dabbərû dābār* and-not *yāqûm kî ʿimmānû ʾēl*", "grammar": { "*ʿuṣû*": "qal imperative masculine plural - take/make counsel/plan", "*ʿēṣāh*": "noun feminine singular - counsel/advice/plan", "*tupār*": "hophal imperfect 3rd feminine singular - it will be broken/annulled", "*dabbərû*": "piel imperative masculine plural - speak", "*dābār*": "noun masculine singular - word/speech/matter", "*yāqûm*": "qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - it will stand/be established", "*kî*": "conjunction - for/because", "*ʿimmānû*": "preposition + 1st person plural suffix - with us", "*ʾēl*": "noun masculine singular - God" }, "variants": { "*ʿuṣû ʿēṣāh*": "devise a plan/take counsel/formulate strategy", "*tupār*": "it will be broken/it will be frustrated/it will come to nothing", "*dabbərû dābār*": "speak a word/issue a decree/make a proclamation", "*yāqûm*": "it will stand/it will be established/it will come to pass", "*ʿimmānû ʾēl*": "God is with us/Immanuel (can be read as statement or name)" } }
• Isa 10:32 : 32 { "verseID": "Isaiah.10.32", "source": "עוֹד הַיּוֹם בְּנֹב לַעֲמֹד יְנֹפֵף יָדוֹ הַר בַּת־צִיּוֹן גִּבְעַת יְרוּשָׁלָֽ͏ִם", "text": "*ʿôd* *hayyôm* *benōb* *laʿămōd* *yenōp̄ēp̄* *yādô* *har* *bat*-*ṣiyyôn* *gibʿat* *yerûšālāim*", "grammar": { "*ʿôd*": "adverb - yet/still", "*hayyôm*": "definite article + noun, masculine singular - the day", "*benōb*": "preposition + proper noun - in Nob", "*laʿămōd*": "preposition + qal infinitive construct - to stand", "*yenōp̄ēp̄*": "polel imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - he shakes/waves", "*yādô*": "noun, feminine singular + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his hand", "*har*": "noun, masculine singular construct - mountain of", "*bat*": "noun, feminine singular construct - daughter of", "*ṣiyyôn*": "proper noun - Zion", "*gibʿat*": "noun, feminine singular construct - hill of", "*yerûšālāim*": "proper noun - Jerusalem" }, "variants": { "*ʿāmad*": "stand/remain/endure", "*nûp̄*": "wave/shake/brandish", "*har*": "mountain/hill/hill country", "*gibʿāh*": "hill/height/elevation" } }
• Isa 23:12 : 12 { "verseID": "Isaiah.23.12", "source": "וַיֹּ֕אמֶר לֹֽא־תוֹסִ֥יפִי ע֖וֹד לַעְל֑וֹז הַֽמְעֻשָּׁקָ֞ה בְּתוּלַ֣ת בַּת־צִיד֗וֹן כִּתִּים֙ ק֣וּמִי עֲבֹ֔רִי גַּם־שָׁ֖ם לֹא־יָנ֥וּחַֽ לָֽךְ׃", "text": "And-*wayyōʾmer* not-*tôsîpî* *ʿôd* *laʿlôz* *hamĕʿuššāqāh* *bĕtûlat* *bat*-*Ṣîdôn* *Kittîm* *qûmî* *ʿăbōrî* also-there not-*yānûaḥ* to-you", "grammar": { "*wayyōʾmer*": "conjunction + qal imperfect consecutive, 3rd masculine singular - and he said", "*tôsîpî*": "hiphil imperfect, 2nd feminine singular - you will continue", "*ʿôd*": "adverb - still/anymore", "*laʿlôz*": "preposition + qal infinitive construct - to exult/rejoice", "*hamĕʿuššāqāh*": "definite article + pual participle, feminine singular - the oppressed one", "*bĕtûlat*": "noun, feminine singular construct - virgin of", "*bat*": "noun, feminine singular construct - daughter of", "*Ṣîdôn*": "proper noun - Sidon", "*Kittîm*": "proper noun - Kittim/Cyprus", "*qûmî*": "qal imperative, feminine singular - arise", "*ʿăbōrî*": "qal imperative, feminine singular - cross over", "*yānûaḥ*": "qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - he/it will give rest" }, "variants": { "*tôsîpî*": "you will continue/you will add/you will do again", "*laʿlôz*": "to exult/to rejoice/to be jubilant", "*hamĕʿuššāqāh*": "the oppressed one/the violated one/the ravished one", "*bĕtûlat* *bat*-*Ṣîdôn*": "virgin daughter of Sidon/virgin of Sidon's daughter", "*qûmî* *ʿăbōrî*": "arise, cross over/get up, pass over", "*yānûaḥ*": "will give rest/will grant peace/will provide rest" } }
• Isa 62:11 : 11 { "verseID": "Isaiah.62.11", "source": "הִנֵּ֣ה יְהוָ֗ה הִשְׁמִ֙יעַ֙ אֶל־קְצֵ֣ה הָאָ֔רֶץ אִמְרוּ֙ לְבַת־צִיּ֔וֹן הִנֵּ֥ה יִשְׁעֵ֖ךְ בָּ֑א הִנֵּ֤ה שְׂכָרוֹ֙ אִתּ֔וֹ וּפְעֻלָּת֖וֹ לְפָנָֽיו׃", "text": "Behold *YHWH* *hišmîaʿ* to-*qᵉṣēh* the-*ʾāreṣ* *ʾimrû* to-*baṯ*-*ṣiyyôn* behold *yišʿēḵ* *bāʾ* behold *śᵉḵārô* with-him and-*pᵉʿullāṯô* before-him", "grammar": { "*YHWH*": "proper noun - the LORD/Yahweh", "*hišmîaʿ*": "Hiphil perfect 3rd person masculine singular - he has caused to hear/proclaimed", "*qᵉṣēh*": "noun, masculine singular construct - end of", "*ʾāreṣ*": "noun, feminine singular - earth/land", "*ʾimrû*": "Qal imperative masculine plural - say", "*baṯ*": "noun, feminine singular construct - daughter of", "*ṣiyyôn*": "proper noun, feminine - Zion", "*yišʿēḵ*": "noun, masculine singular with 2nd person feminine singular suffix - your salvation", "*bāʾ*": "Qal participle, masculine singular - coming", "*śᵉḵārô*": "noun, masculine singular with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his reward", "*pᵉʿullāṯô*": "noun, feminine singular with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his recompense/work" }, "variants": { "*hišmîaʿ*": "has caused to hear/has proclaimed/has announced", "*qᵉṣēh*": "end/extremity/edge", "*ʾāreṣ*": "earth/land/world", "*ʾimrû*": "say/tell/speak", "*baṯ-ṣiyyôn*": "daughter of Zion/Zion's people", "*yišʿēḵ*": "your salvation/your deliverance/your victory", "*bāʾ*": "coming/arriving/approaching", "*śᵉḵārô*": "his reward/his wage/his payment", "*pᵉʿullāṯô*": "his recompense/his work/his deed" } }
• Ps 22:7-8 : 7 { "verseID": "Psalms.22.7", "source": "וְאָנֹכִ֣י תוֹלַ֣עַת וְלֹא־אִ֑ישׁ חֶרְפַּ֥ת אָ֝דָ֗ם וּבְז֥וּי עָֽם׃", "text": "And-*ʾānōkî* *tôlaʿat* and-not-*ʾîš* *ḥerpat ʾādām* and-*bəzûy ʿām*", "grammar": { "*ʾānōkî*": "pronoun, 1st person singular - 'I'", "*tôlaʿat*": "noun, feminine, singular - 'worm'", "*ʾîš*": "noun, masculine, singular - 'man'", "*ḥerpat*": "noun, feminine, singular construct - 'reproach of'", "*ʾādām*": "noun, masculine, singular - 'mankind/humanity'", "*bəzûy*": "verb, qal passive participle, masculine singular construct - 'despised of'", "*ʿām*": "noun, masculine, singular - 'people'" }, "variants": { "*tôlaʿat*": "worm/maggot/crimson", "*ḥerpat*": "reproach/scorn/disgrace of", "*ʾādām*": "mankind/humanity/people", "*bəzûy*": "despised/scorned/held in contempt by" } } 8 { "verseID": "Psalms.22.8", "source": "כָּל־רֹ֭אַי יַלְעִ֣גוּ לִ֑י יַפְטִ֥ירוּ בְ֝שָׂפָ֗ה יָנִ֥יעוּ רֹֽאשׁ׃", "text": "All-*rōʾay yalʿîgû* to-me *yapṭîrû* with-*śāpâ* *yānîʿû* *rōʾš*", "grammar": { "*rōʾay*": "verb, qal participle, masculine plural with 1st person singular suffix - 'those seeing me'", "*yalʿîgû*": "verb, hiphil imperfect, 3rd person masculine plural - 'they mock'", "*yapṭîrû*": "verb, hiphil imperfect, 3rd person masculine plural - 'they open/separate'", "*śāpâ*": "noun, feminine, singular - 'lip'", "*yānîʿû*": "verb, hiphil imperfect, 3rd person masculine plural - 'they shake/wag'", "*rōʾš*": "noun, masculine, singular - 'head'" }, "variants": { "*rōʾay*": "those seeing me/my observers", "*yalʿîgû*": "they mock/ridicule/scorn", "*yapṭîrû*": "they open/separate/shoot out", "*śāpâ*": "lip/speech/language", "*yānîʿû*": "they shake/wag/nod" } }
• Ps 27:1-3 : 1 { "verseID": "Psalms.27.1", "source": "לְדָוִ֨ד ׀ יְהוָ֤ה ׀ אוֹרִ֣י וְ֭יִשְׁעִי מִמִּ֣י אִירָ֑א יְהוָ֥ה מָֽעוֹז־חַ֝יַּ֗י מִמִּ֥י אֶפְחָֽד׃", "text": "*lə-dāwid* ׀ *YHWH* ׀ *ʾôrî* *wə-yišʿî* *mimmî* *ʾîrāʾ* *YHWH* *māʿôz*-*ḥayyay* *mimmî* *ʾepḥād*", "grammar": { "*lə-dāwid*": "preposition + proper noun - belonging to/of David", "*YHWH*": "divine name - tetragrammaton", "*ʾôrî*": "noun + 1st person singular possessive suffix - my light", "*wə-yišʿî*": "conjunction + noun + 1st person singular possessive suffix - and my salvation", "*mimmî*": "preposition + interrogative - from whom", "*ʾîrāʾ*": "qal imperfect 1st person singular - I will fear", "*māʿôz*": "noun construct - stronghold/fortress of", "*ḥayyay*": "noun + 1st person singular possessive suffix - my life", "*ʾepḥād*": "qal imperfect 1st person singular - I will dread/be afraid" }, "variants": { "*lə-dāwid*": "of/by/for David", "*ʾôrî*": "my light/illumination", "*yišʿî*": "my salvation/deliverance/victory", "*māʿôz*": "stronghold/refuge/fortress/strength", "*ḥayyay*": "my life/lifetime" } } 2 { "verseID": "Psalms.27.2", "source": "בִּקְרֹ֤ב עָלַ֨י ׀ מְרֵעִים֮ לֶאֱכֹ֢ל אֶת־בְּשָׂ֫רִ֥י צָרַ֣י וְאֹיְבַ֣י לִ֑י הֵ֖מָּה כָשְׁל֣וּ וְנָפָֽלוּ׃", "text": "*bi-qrōb* *ʿālay* ׀ *mərēʿîm* *leʾĕkōl* *ʾet*-*bəśārî* *ṣāray* *wə-ʾōyəbay* *lî* *hēmmâ* *kāšəlû* *wə-nāpālû*", "grammar": { "*bi-qrōb*": "preposition + infinitive construct - in drawing near", "*ʿālay*": "preposition + 1st person singular suffix - against me", "*mərēʿîm*": "piel participle masculine plural - evildoers", "*leʾĕkōl*": "preposition + qal infinitive construct - to eat/devour", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*bəśārî*": "noun + 1st person singular suffix - my flesh", "*ṣāray*": "noun + 1st person singular suffix - my adversaries", "*wə-ʾōyəbay*": "conjunction + noun + 1st person singular suffix - and my enemies", "*lî*": "preposition + 1st person singular suffix - to/for me", "*hēmmâ*": "3rd person masculine plural pronoun - they", "*kāšəlû*": "qal perfect 3rd person plural - they stumbled", "*wə-nāpālû*": "conjunction + qal perfect 3rd person plural - and they fell" }, "variants": { "*mərēʿîm*": "evildoers/wrongdoers/wicked ones", "*leʾĕkōl*": "to eat/consume/devour", "*bəśārî*": "my flesh/body/person", "*ṣāray*": "my adversaries/foes/oppressors", "*ʾōyəbay*": "my enemies/foes/opponents", "*kāšəlû*": "stumbled/staggered/failed", "*nāpālû*": "fell/collapsed/were defeated" } } 3 { "verseID": "Psalms.27.3", "source": "אִם־תַּחֲנֶ֬ה עָלַ֨י ׀ מַחֲנֶה֮ לֹֽא־יִירָ֢א לִ֫בִּ֥י אִם־תָּק֣וּם עָ֭לַי מִלְחָמָ֑ה בְּ֝זֹ֗את אֲנִ֣י בוֹטֵֽחַ׃", "text": "*ʾim*-*taḥăneh* *ʿālay* ׀ *maḥăneh* *lōʾ*-*yîrāʾ* *libbî* *ʾim*-*tāqûm* *ʿālay* *milḥāmâ* *bə-zōʾt* *ʾănî* *bôṭēaḥ*", "grammar": { "*ʾim*": "conditional particle - if", "*taḥăneh*": "qal imperfect 3rd person feminine singular - it encamps", "*ʿālay*": "preposition + 1st person singular suffix - against me", "*maḥăneh*": "noun masculine singular - camp/army", "*lōʾ*": "negative particle - not", "*yîrāʾ*": "qal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular - will fear", "*libbî*": "noun + 1st person singular suffix - my heart", "*tāqûm*": "qal imperfect 3rd person feminine singular - it rises/arises", "*milḥāmâ*": "noun feminine singular - war/battle", "*bə-zōʾt*": "preposition + demonstrative pronoun feminine singular - in this", "*ʾănî*": "1st person singular pronoun - I", "*bôṭēaḥ*": "qal participle masculine singular - trusting/confident" }, "variants": { "*taḥăneh*": "encamps/pitches/settles", "*maḥăneh*": "camp/army/host/band", "*yîrāʾ*": "will fear/be afraid", "*libbî*": "my heart/mind/will/inner self", "*tāqûm*": "rises/stands/arises/is established", "*milḥāmâ*": "war/battle/conflict/fighting", "*bə-zōʾt*": "in this/by this/despite this", "*bôṭēaḥ*": "trusting/confident/secure" } }
• Ps 31:18 : 18 { "verseID": "Psalms.31.18", "source": "יְֽהוָ֗ה אַל־אֵ֭בוֹשָׁה כִּ֣י קְרָאתִ֑יךָ יֵבֹ֥שׁוּ רְ֝שָׁעִ֗ים יִדְּמ֥וּ לִשְׁאֽוֹל׃", "text": "*YHWH* not-*ʾēbôšâ* for *qərāʾtîkā*; *yēbōšû* *rəšāʿîm* *yiddəmû* to-*šəʾôl*", "grammar": { "*ʾēbôšâ*": "verb, imperfect/cohortative 1st person singular with negative particle - let me not be put to shame", "*qərāʾtîkā*": "verb, perfect 1st person singular with 2nd person masculine singular suffix - I have called you", "*yēbōšû*": "verb, imperfect 3rd person masculine plural - they will be put to shame", "*rəšāʿîm*": "adjective, masculine plural - wicked ones", "*yiddəmû*": "verb, imperfect 3rd person masculine plural - they will be silent", "*šəʾôl*": "noun, feminine singular with prefixed preposition lamed - to Sheol" }, "variants": { "*ʾēbôšâ*": "be put to shame/be disappointed/be disgraced", "*qərāʾtîkā*": "called you/cried out to you/summoned you", "*yēbōšû*": "be put to shame/be disgraced/be disappointed", "*rəšāʿîm*": "wicked ones/evildoers/unrighteous", "*yiddəmû*": "be silent/be still/be cut off", "*šəʾôl*": "Sheol/grave/pit" } }
• Ps 46:1-7 : 1 { "verseID": "Psalms.46.1", "source": "לַמְנַצֵּ֥חַ לִבְנֵי־קֹ֑רַח עַֽל־עֲלָמ֥וֹת שִֽׁיר׃", "text": "To the *mənaṣṣēaḥ* for *bənê*-*qōraḥ* upon-*ʿălāmôt* *šîr*", "grammar": { "*mənaṣṣēaḥ*": "masculine singular participle with prefixed preposition 'to/for' - director/choirmaster", "*bənê*-*qōraḥ*": "masculine plural construct 'sons of' + proper name - sons of Korah", "*ʿălāmôt*": "feminine plural noun with prefixed preposition 'upon/according to' - maidens/soprano voices/musical term", "*šîr*": "masculine singular noun - song" }, "variants": { "*mənaṣṣēaḥ*": "choirmaster/director/chief musician", "*ʿălāmôt*": "maidens/soprano voices/alamoth (musical term)/high pitch" } } 2 { "verseID": "Psalms.46.2", "source": "אֱלֹהִ֣ים לָ֭נוּ מַחֲסֶ֣ה וָעֹ֑ז עֶזְרָ֥ה בְ֝צָר֗וֹת נִמְצָ֥א מְאֹֽד׃", "text": "*ʾĕlōhîm* to-us *maḥăseh* and-*ʿōz* *ʿezrāh* in-*ṣārôt* *nimṣāʾ* *məʾōd*", "grammar": { "*ʾĕlōhîm*": "masculine plural noun, subject - God", "*lānû*": "preposition with 1st person plural suffix - to/for us", "*maḥăseh*": "masculine singular noun - refuge/shelter", "*wā-ʿōz*": "conjunction + masculine singular noun - and strength", "*ʿezrāh*": "feminine singular noun - help", "*bə-ṣārôt*": "preposition + feminine plural noun - in troubles/distresses", "*nimṣāʾ*": "niphal perfect 3rd masculine singular verb - is found/proved to be", "*məʾōd*": "adverb - very/exceedingly" }, "variants": { "*maḥăseh*": "refuge/shelter/protection", "*ʿōz*": "strength/power/might/fortress", "*ṣārôt*": "troubles/distresses/adversities", "*nimṣāʾ*": "is found/has proven to be/is present" } } 3 { "verseID": "Psalms.46.3", "source": "עַל־כֵּ֣ן לֹא־נִ֭ירָא בְּהָמִ֣יר אָ֑רֶץ וּבְמ֥וֹט הָ֝רִ֗ים בְּלֵ֣ב יַמִּֽים׃", "text": "Upon-*kēn* not-*nîrāʾ* in-*hāmîr* *ʾāreṣ* and-in-*môṭ* *hārîm* in-*lēb* *yammîm*", "grammar": { "*ʿal-kēn*": "conjunction - therefore/because of this", "*lōʾ-nîrāʾ*": "negative + qal imperfect 1st person plural - we will not fear", "*bə-hāmîr*": "preposition + hiphil infinitive construct - in the changing/removing of", "*ʾāreṣ*": "feminine singular noun - earth/land", "*û-bə-môṭ*": "conjunction + preposition + qal infinitive construct - and in the tottering/moving of", "*hārîm*": "masculine plural noun - mountains", "*bə-lēb*": "preposition + masculine singular construct - in the heart/midst of", "*yammîm*": "masculine plural noun - seas" }, "variants": { "*hāmîr*": "changing/removing/converting", "*môṭ*": "tottering/slipping/shaking", "*lēb*": "heart/midst/core", "*yammîm*": "seas/oceans/waters" } } 4 { "verseID": "Psalms.46.4", "source": "יֶהֱמ֣וּ יֶחְמְר֣וּ מֵימָ֑יו יִֽרְעֲשֽׁוּ־הָרִ֖ים בְּגַאֲוָת֣וֹ סֶֽלָה׃", "text": "*yehĕmû* *yeḥmərû* *mêmāyw* *yirʿăšû*-*hārîm* in-*gaʾăwātô* *selāh*", "grammar": { "*yehĕmû*": "qal imperfect 3rd masculine plural - they roar/are tumultuous", "*yeḥmərû*": "qal imperfect 3rd masculine plural - they foam/are troubled", "*mêmāyw*": "masculine plural noun with 3rd masculine singular suffix - its waters", "*yirʿăšû*": "qal imperfect 3rd masculine plural - they shake/tremble", "*hārîm*": "masculine plural noun - mountains", "*bə-gaʾăwātô*": "preposition + feminine singular noun with 3rd masculine singular suffix - with/by its swelling/pride", "*selāh*": "musical notation/pause" }, "variants": { "*yehĕmû*": "roar/rage/be tumultuous", "*yeḥmərû*": "foam/boil/be troubled/be muddy", "*yirʿăšû*": "shake/tremble/quake", "*gaʾăwātô*": "swelling/rising/pride/majesty", "*selāh*": "musical interlude/pause/lift up (uncertain meaning)" } } 5 { "verseID": "Psalms.46.5", "source": "נָהָ֗ר פְּלָגָ֗יו יְשַׂמְּח֥וּ עִיר־אֱלֹהִ֑ים קְ֝דֹ֗שׁ מִשְׁכְּנֵ֥י עֶלְיֽוֹן׃", "text": "*nāhār* *pəlāgāyw* *yəśamməḥû* *ʿîr*-*ʾĕlōhîm* *qədōš* *miškənê* *ʿelyôn*", "grammar": { "*nāhār*": "masculine singular noun - river", "*pəlāgāyw*": "masculine plural noun with 3rd masculine singular suffix - its streams/channels", "*yəśamməḥû*": "piel imperfect 3rd masculine plural - they make glad/rejoice", "*ʿîr*-*ʾĕlōhîm*": "construct relationship - city of God", "*qədōš*": "masculine singular adjective - holy", "*miškənê*": "masculine plural construct - dwelling places of", "*ʿelyôn*": "masculine singular adjective/divine name - Most High" }, "variants": { "*nāhār*": "river/stream", "*pəlāgāyw*": "streams/channels/divisions", "*yəśamməḥû*": "make glad/cause to rejoice", "*miškənê*": "dwelling places/tabernacles/habitations", "*ʿelyôn*": "Most High/Highest (divine name/title)" } } 6 { "verseID": "Psalms.46.6", "source": "אֱלֹהִ֣ים בְּ֭קִרְבָּה בַּל־תִּמּ֑וֹט יַעְזְרֶ֥הָ אֱ֝לֹהִ֗ים לִפְנ֥וֹת בֹּֽקֶר׃", "text": "*ʾĕlōhîm* in-*qirbāh* *bal*-*timmôṭ* *yaʿzərehā* *ʾĕlōhîm* to-*pənôt* *bōqer*", "grammar": { "*ʾĕlōhîm*": "masculine plural noun, subject - God", "*bə-qirbāh*": "preposition + feminine singular noun with 3rd feminine singular suffix - in her midst", "*bal-timmôṭ*": "negative particle + niphal imperfect 3rd feminine singular - she shall not be moved", "*yaʿzərehā*": "qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular + 3rd feminine singular suffix - he will help her", "*ʾĕlōhîm*": "masculine plural noun, subject - God", "*li-pənôt*": "preposition + qal infinitive construct - at the turning/appearing of", "*bōqer*": "masculine singular noun - morning" }, "variants": { "*qirbāh*": "midst/inner part", "*timmôṭ*": "be moved/shaken/slip", "*yaʿzərehā*": "help/assist/support her", "*pənôt*": "turning/appearing/facing", "*bōqer*": "morning/dawn/daybreak" } } 7 { "verseID": "Psalms.46.7", "source": "הָמ֣וּ ג֭וֹיִם מָ֣טוּ מַמְלָכ֑וֹת נָתַ֥ן בְּ֝קוֹל֗וֹ תָּמ֥וּג אָֽרֶץ׃", "text": "*hāmû* *gôyim* *māṭû* *mamlākôt* *nātan* in-*qôlô* *tāmûg* *ʾāreṣ*", "grammar": { "*hāmû*": "qal perfect 3rd masculine plural - they raged/roared", "*gôyim*": "masculine plural noun - nations", "*māṭû*": "qal perfect 3rd masculine plural - they tottered/slipped", "*mamlākôt*": "feminine plural noun - kingdoms", "*nātan*": "qal perfect 3rd masculine singular - he gave/uttered", "*bə-qôlô*": "preposition + masculine singular noun with 3rd masculine singular suffix - with his voice", "*tāmûg*": "qal imperfect 3rd feminine singular - it melts", "*ʾāreṣ*": "feminine singular noun - earth/land" }, "variants": { "*hāmû*": "raged/roared/were tumultuous", "*gôyim*": "nations/peoples/gentiles", "*māṭû*": "tottered/slipped/were moved", "*nātan*": "gave/uttered/put forth", "*tāmûg*": "melts/dissolves/flows" } }
• Ps 2:2-4 : 2 { "verseID": "Psalms.2.2", "source": "יִ֥תְיַצְּב֨וּ ׀ מַלְכֵי־אֶ֗רֶץ וְרוֹזְנִ֥ים נֽוֹסְדוּ־יָ֑חַד עַל־יְ֝הוָה וְעַל־מְשִׁיחֽוֹ", "text": "*yiṯyaṣṣəḇû* *malḵê*-*ʾereṣ* *wə-rôzənîm* *nôsəḏû*-*yāḥaḏ* *ʿal*-*YHWH* *wə-ʿal*-*məšîḥô*", "grammar": { "*yiṯyaṣṣəḇû*": "hithpael imperfect, 3rd person plural - they set themselves/take a stand", "*malḵê*": "construct masculine plural noun - kings of", "*ʾereṣ*": "feminine singular noun - earth/land", "*wə-rôzənîm*": "conjunction + masculine plural noun - and rulers/princes", "*nôsəḏû*": "niphal perfect, 3rd person plural - they take counsel together/consult together", "*yāḥaḏ*": "adverb - together/unitedly", "*ʿal*": "preposition - against/upon", "*YHWH*": "proper name - LORD/Yahweh", "*wə-ʿal*": "conjunction + preposition - and against", "*məšîḥô*": "masculine singular noun with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his anointed one" }, "variants": { "*yiṯyaṣṣəḇû*": "take a stand/set themselves/station themselves", "*rôzənîm*": "rulers/princes/potentates", "*nôsəḏû*": "consult together/take counsel together/conspire", "*məšîḥô*": "his anointed one/his messiah" } } 3 { "verseID": "Psalms.2.3", "source": "נְֽ֭נַתְּקָה אֶת־מֽוֹסְרוֹתֵ֑ימוֹ וְנַשְׁלִ֖יכָה מִמֶּ֣נּוּ עֲבֹתֵֽימוֹ", "text": "*nənatəqâ* *ʾeṯ*-*môsərôṯêmô* *wə-našlîḵâ* *mimmennû* *ʿăḇōṯêmô*", "grammar": { "*nənatəqâ*": "piel cohortative, 1st person plural - let us tear off/break", "*ʾeṯ*": "direct object marker", "*môsərôṯêmô*": "feminine plural noun with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - their bonds/fetters", "*wə-našlîḵâ*": "conjunction + hiphil cohortative, 1st person plural - and let us cast away", "*mimmennû*": "preposition + 1st person plural suffix - from us", "*ʿăḇōṯêmô*": "masculine plural noun with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - their cords/ropes" }, "variants": { "*nənatəqâ*": "let us tear off/break/snap", "*môsərôṯêmô*": "their bonds/fetters/restraints", "*našlîḵâ*": "let us cast away/throw off/fling", "*ʿăḇōṯêmô*": "their cords/ropes/bonds" } } 4 { "verseID": "Psalms.2.4", "source": "יוֹשֵׁ֣ב בַּשָּׁמַ֣יִם יִשְׂחָ֑ק אֲ֝דֹנָ֗י יִלְעַג־לָֽמוֹ", "text": "*yôšēḇ* *baššāmayim* *yiśḥāq* *ʾăḏōnāy* *yilʿaḡ*-*lāmô*", "grammar": { "*yôšēḇ*": "qal participle, masculine singular - the one sitting/dwelling", "*baššāmayim*": "preposition + definite article + masculine plural noun - in the heavens", "*yiśḥāq*": "qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - he laughs/mocks", "*ʾăḏōnāy*": "proper noun - Lord/Master", "*yilʿaḡ*": "qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - he scoffs/mocks/derides", "*lāmô*": "preposition with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - at them" }, "variants": { "*yôšēḇ*": "one sitting/dwelling/enthroned", "*yiśḥāq*": "laughs/mocks/ridicules", "*yilʿaḡ*": "scoffs/mocks/derides/holds in derision" } }
• 1 Sam 17:36 : 36 { "verseID": "1 Samuel.17.36", "source": "גַּ֧ם אֶֽת־הָאֲרִ֛י גַּם־הַדּ֖וֹב הִכָּ֣ה עַבְדֶּ֑ךָ וְֽ֠הָיָה הַפְּלִשְׁתִּ֨י הֶעָרֵ֤ל הַזֶּה֙ כְּאַחַ֣ד מֵהֶ֔ם כִּ֣י חֵרֵ֔ף מַעַרְכֹ֖ת אֱלֹהִ֥ים חַיִּֽים׃ ס", "text": "Both *ʾet*-the-*ʾărî* also-the-*dôb* *hikkâ* *ʿabdekā*; and-*hāyâ* the-*pəlištî* the-*ʿārēl* the-*zeh* like-one of-them, for *ḥērēp* *maʿarkôt* *ʾĕlōhîm* *ḥayyîm*. *s*", "grammar": { "*ʾărî*": "noun, masculine singular - lion", "*dôb*": "noun, masculine singular - bear", "*hikkâ*": "3rd masculine singular Hiphil perfect of *nkh* - he struck", "*ʿabdekā*": "noun, masculine singular construct + 2nd masculine singular suffix - your servant", "*hāyâ*": "3rd masculine singular Qal perfect with waw consecutive - and he will be", "*pəlištî*": "gentilic noun, masculine singular - Philistine", "*ʿārēl*": "adjective, masculine singular - uncircumcised", "*zeh*": "demonstrative pronoun, masculine singular - this", "*ḥērēp*": "3rd masculine singular Piel perfect of *ḥrp* - he reproached/defied", "*maʿarkôt*": "noun, feminine plural construct - ranks/battle lines", "*ʾĕlōhîm*": "noun, masculine plural - God", "*ḥayyîm*": "adjective, masculine plural - living", "*s*": "section marker in Hebrew text" }, "variants": { "*ʾărî*": "lion/predator", "*dôb*": "bear/predator", "*hikkâ*": "struck/killed/attacked", "*ʿārēl*": "uncircumcised/defiled/outsider", "*ḥērēp*": "defied/reproached/taunted", "*maʿarkôt*": "ranks/battle lines/armies", "*ʾĕlōhîm*": "God/gods/divine being", "*ḥayyîm*": "living/alive" } }
• 1 Sam 17:44-47 : 44 { "verseID": "1 Samuel.17.44", "source": "וַיֹּ֥אמֶר הַפְּלִשְׁתִּ֖י אֶל־דָּוִ֑ד לְכָ֣ה אֵלַ֔י וְאֶתְּנָה֙ אֶת־בְּשָׂ֣רְךָ֔ לְע֥וֹף הַשָּׁמַ֖יִם וּלְבֶהֱמַ֥ת הַשָּׂדֶֽה׃ ס", "text": "And *wayyōʾmer* the-*pəlištî* to-*dāwid*, \"*ləkâ* to-me, and *ʾettənâ* *ʾet*-*bəśārəkā* to-*ʿôp* the-*šāmayim* and-to-*behĕmat* the-*śādeh*. *s*\"", "grammar": { "*wayyōʾmer*": "waw consecutive + 3rd masculine singular Qal imperfect of *ʾmr* - and he said", "*pəlištî*": "gentilic noun, masculine singular - Philistine", "*dāwid*": "proper noun - David", "*ləkâ*": "Qal imperative masculine singular of *hlk* + directional he - come", "*ʾettənâ*": "1st singular Qal imperfect cohortative of *ntn* - I will give", "*bəśārəkā*": "noun, masculine singular construct + 2nd masculine singular suffix - your flesh", "*ʿôp*": "noun, masculine singular construct - birds/fowl", "*šāmayim*": "noun, masculine dual - heavens/sky", "*behĕmat*": "noun, feminine singular construct - beasts/animals", "*śādeh*": "noun, masculine singular - field", "*s*": "section marker in Hebrew text" }, "variants": { "*ləkâ*": "come/approach/go", "*ʾettənâ*": "I will give/I will provide/I will offer", "*bəśārəkā*": "your flesh/your body/your carcass", "*ʿôp*": "birds/fowl/flying creatures", "*šāmayim*": "heavens/sky", "*behĕmat*": "beasts/animals/wildlife", "*śādeh*": "field/open country/wilderness" } } 45 { "verseID": "1 Samuel.17.45", "source": "וַיֹּ֤אמֶר דָּוִד֙ אֶל־הַפְּלִשְׁתִּ֔י אַתָּה֙ בָּ֣א אֵלַ֔י בְּחֶ֖רֶב וּבַחֲנִ֣ית וּבְכִיד֑וֹן וְאָנֹכִ֣י בָֽא־אֵלֶ֗יךָ בְּשֵׁם֙ יְהוָ֣ה צְבָא֔וֹת אֱלֹהֵ֛י מַעַרְכ֥וֹת יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל אֲשֶׁ֥ר חֵרַֽפְתָּ׃", "text": "*wə-yōʾmer* *Dāwid* to-the-*pəlištî* you *bāʾ* to-me with-*ḥereb* and-with-*ḥănît* and-with-*kîdôn* and-I *bāʾ*-to-you in-*šēm* *YHWH* *ṣəbāʾôt* *ʾĕlōhê* *maʿărəkôt* *Yiśrāʾēl* whom you-have-*ḥēraptā*", "grammar": { "*wə-yōʾmer*": "conjunction + qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and said", "*Dāwid*": "proper noun, masculine - David", "*pəlištî*": "noun, masculine singular with definite article - the Philistine", "*bāʾ*": "qal participle, masculine singular - coming/approaching", "*ḥereb*": "noun, feminine singular - sword", "*ḥănît*": "noun, feminine singular - spear", "*kîdôn*": "noun, masculine singular - javelin/scimitar", "*bāʾ*": "qal participle, masculine singular - coming/approaching", "*šēm*": "noun, masculine singular construct - name of", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - the LORD (divine name)", "*ṣəbāʾôt*": "noun, feminine plural construct - of hosts/armies", "*ʾĕlōhê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - God of", "*maʿărəkôt*": "noun, feminine plural construct - armies/ranks of", "*Yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel", "*ḥēraptā*": "piel perfect, 2nd masculine singular - you have defied/taunted/reproached" }, "variants": { "*kîdôn*": "javelin/scimitar/short spear", "*ṣəbāʾôt*": "armies/hosts/heavenly forces", "*maʿărəkôt*": "battle lines/ranks/armies", "*ḥēraptā*": "defied/taunted/reproached/insulted" } } 46 { "verseID": "1 Samuel.17.46", "source": "הַיּ֣וֹם הַזֶּ֡ה יְסַגֶּרְךָ֩ יְהוָ֨ה בְּיָדִ֜י וְהִכִּיתִ֗ךָ וַהֲסִרֹתִ֤י אֶת־רֹֽאשְׁךָ֙ מֵעָלֶ֔יךָ וְנָ֨תַתִּ֜י פֶּ֣גֶר מַחֲנֵ֤ה פְלִשְׁתִּים֙ הַיּ֣וֹם הַזֶּ֔ה לְע֥וֹף הַשָּׁמַ֖יִם וּלְחַיַּ֣ת הָאָ֑רֶץ וְיֵֽדְעוּ֙ כָּל־הָאָ֔רֶץ כִּ֛י יֵ֥שׁ אֱלֹהִ֖ים לְיִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃", "text": "the-*yôm* the-*zeh* *yəsaggerəkā* *YHWH* in-*yād*-my and-*hikkîtîkā* and-*hăsirōtî* *ʾet*-*rōʾš*-your from-upon-you and-*nātattî* *peger* *maḥănēh* *pəlištîm* the-*yôm* the-*zeh* to-*ʿôp* the-*šāmayim* and-to-*ḥayyat* the-*ʾāreṣ* and-*yēdəʿû* all-the-*ʾāreṣ* that *yēš* *ʾĕlōhîm* to-*Yiśrāʾēl*", "grammar": { "*yôm*": "noun, masculine singular with definite article - the day", "*zeh*": "demonstrative adjective, masculine singular - this", "*yəsaggerəkā*": "piel imperfect, 3rd masculine singular with 2nd masculine singular suffix - he will deliver you", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - the LORD (divine name)", "*yād*": "noun, feminine singular construct with 1st person suffix - my hand", "*hikkîtîkā*": "hiphil perfect, 1st singular with 2nd masculine singular suffix - I will strike you", "*hăsirōtî*": "hiphil perfect, 1st singular - I will remove", "*rōʾš*": "noun, masculine singular with 2nd masculine singular suffix - your head", "*nātattî*": "qal perfect, 1st singular - I will give", "*peger*": "noun, masculine singular construct - carcass/corpse of", "*maḥănēh*": "noun, masculine singular construct - camp/army of", "*pəlištîm*": "proper noun, masculine plural - Philistines", "*ʿôp*": "noun, masculine singular construct - birds/fowl of", "*šāmayim*": "noun, masculine plural with definite article - the heavens", "*ḥayyat*": "noun, feminine singular construct - beasts/animals of", "*ʾāreṣ*": "noun, feminine singular with definite article - the earth/land", "*yēdəʿû*": "qal imperfect, 3rd plural - they will know", "*yēš*": "existential particle - there is/exists", "*ʾĕlōhîm*": "noun, masculine plural - God", "*Yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel" }, "variants": { "*yəsaggerəkā*": "deliver you/shut you up/enclose you", "*peger*": "corpse/carcass/dead body", "*ʾĕlōhîm*": "God/gods (grammatically plural form used for singular deity)" } } 47 { "verseID": "1 Samuel.17.47", "source": "וְיֵֽדְעוּ֙ כָּל־הַקָּהָ֣ל הַזֶּ֔ה כִּֽי־לֹ֛א בְּחֶ֥רֶב וּבַחֲנִ֖ית יְהוֹשִׁ֣יעַ יְהוָ֑ה כִּ֤י לַֽיהוָה֙ הַמִּלְחָמָ֔ה וְנָתַ֥ן אֶתְכֶ֖ם בְּיָדֵֽנוּ׃", "text": "and-*yēdəʿû* all-the-*qāhāl* the-*zeh* that-not with-*ḥereb* and-with-*ḥănît* *yəhôšîaʿ* *YHWH* for to-*YHWH* the-*milḥāmāh* and-*nātan* *ʾetkem* in-*yād*-our", "grammar": { "*yēdəʿû*": "qal imperfect, 3rd plural - they will know", "*qāhāl*": "noun, masculine singular with definite article - assembly/congregation", "*zeh*": "demonstrative adjective, masculine singular - this", "*ḥereb*": "noun, feminine singular - sword", "*ḥănît*": "noun, feminine singular - spear", "*yəhôšîaʿ*": "hiphil imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - he saves/delivers", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - the LORD (divine name)", "*milḥāmāh*": "noun, feminine singular with definite article - the battle/war", "*nātan*": "qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - he will give", "*ʾetkem*": "direct object marker with 2nd masculine plural suffix - you (plural)", "*yād*": "noun, feminine singular construct with 1st plural suffix - our hand" }, "variants": { "*qāhāl*": "assembly/congregation/group", "*yəhôšîaʿ*": "saves/delivers/rescues", "*milḥāmāh*": "battle/war/fight" } }