Verse 10

{ "verseID": "Proverbs.19.10", "source": "לֹֽא־נָאוֶ֣ה לִכְסִ֣יל תַּעֲנ֑וּג אַ֝ף כִּֽי־לְעֶ֤בֶד ׀ מְשֹׁ֬ל בְּשָׂרִֽים׃", "text": "Not *nāʾweh* for *kəsîl* *taʿănūḡ* much less for *ʿebed* *məšōl* over *śārîm*.", "grammar": { "*nāʾweh*": "verb, qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - is fitting/suitable", "*kəsîl*": "noun, masculine singular - fool/stupid person", "*taʿănūḡ*": "noun, masculine singular - luxury/pleasure", "*ʿebed*": "noun, masculine singular - servant/slave", "*məšōl*": "verb, qal infinitive construct - to rule/have dominion", "*śārîm*": "noun, masculine plural - princes/officials" }, "variants": { "*nāʾweh*": "is fitting/suitable/proper", "*kəsîl*": "fool/stupid one/dull person", "*taʿănūḡ*": "luxury/pleasure/delight", "*ʿebed*": "servant/slave/bondman", "*məšōl*": "to rule/have dominion/govern", "*śārîm*": "princes/officials/nobles" } }

Other Translations

Referenced Verses

  • Prov 26:1 : 1 { "verseID": "Proverbs.26.1", "source": "כַּשֶּׁ֤לֶג ׀ בַּקַּ֗יִץ וְכַמָּטָ֥ר בַּקָּצִ֑יר כֵּ֤ן לֹא־נָאוֶ֖ה לִכְסִ֣יל כָּבֽוֹד׃", "text": "Like *sheleg* in *qayitz* and like *matar* in *qatzir*, so not-*naveh* to *kesil* *kavod*.", "grammar": { "*sheleg*": "noun, masculine, singular - snow", "*qayitz*": "noun, masculine, singular with definite article (בַּ) - summer", "*matar*": "noun, masculine, singular - rain", "*qatzir*": "noun, masculine, singular with definite article (בַּ) - harvest", "*ken*": "adverb - so, thus, likewise", "*lo*": "negative particle - not", "*naveh*": "verb, Qal participle - fitting, becoming, appropriate", "*kesil*": "noun, masculine, singular with preposition (לִ) - fool", "*kavod*": "noun, masculine, singular - honor, glory" }, "variants": { "*sheleg*": "snow", "*qayitz*": "summer/summer fruit season", "*matar*": "rain", "*qatzir*": "harvest/harvest time", "*kesil*": "fool/stupid person/dullard", "*kavod*": "honor/glory/dignity/respect" } }
  • Prov 30:21-22 : 21 { "verseID": "Proverbs.30.21", "source": "תַּ֣חַת שָׁ֭לוֹשׁ רָ֣גְזָה אֶ֑רֶץ וְתַ֥חַת אַ֝רְבַּ֗ע לֹא־תוּכַ֥ל שְׂאֵֽת׃", "text": "*taḥat* *šālôš* *rāgzâ* *ʾereṣ* *wetaḥat* *ʾarbaʿ* *lōʾ*-*tûḵal* *śeʾēt*", "grammar": { "*taḥat*": "preposition - under/because of", "*šālôš*": "feminine numeral - three", "*rāgzâ*": "qal perfect, third feminine singular - trembles/quakes", "*ʾereṣ*": "feminine singular noun - earth/land", "*wetaḥat*": "conjunction + preposition - and under/because of", "*ʾarbaʿ*": "feminine numeral - four", "*lōʾ*": "negative particle - not", "*tûḵal*": "qal imperfect, third feminine singular - it is able", "*śeʾēt*": "qal infinitive construct - to bear/endure" }, "variants": { "*rāgzâ*": "trembles/quakes/is agitated", "*śeʾēt*": "to bear/endure/support/carry" } } 22 { "verseID": "Proverbs.30.22", "source": "תַּֽחַת־עֶ֭בֶד כִּ֣י יִמְל֑וֹךְ וְ֝נָבָ֗ל כִּ֣י יִֽשְׂבַּֽע־לָֽחֶם׃", "text": "*taḥat*-*ʿebed* *kî* *yimlôḵ* *wenābāl* *kî* *yiśbaʿ*-*lāḥem*", "grammar": { "*taḥat*": "preposition - under/because of", "*ʿebed*": "masculine singular noun - servant/slave", "*kî*": "conjunction - when/if", "*yimlôḵ*": "qal imperfect, third masculine singular - he reigns/becomes king", "*wenābāl*": "conjunction + masculine singular adjective/noun - and a fool", "*kî*": "conjunction - when/if", "*yiśbaʿ*": "qal imperfect, third masculine singular - he is satisfied with", "*lāḥem*": "masculine singular noun - bread/food" }, "variants": { "*nābāl*": "fool/senseless person/base person", "*yiśbaʿ*-*lāḥem*": "is filled/satisfied with food/has plenty to eat" } }
  • Eccl 10:5-7 : 5 { "verseID": "Ecclesiastes.10.5", "source": "יֵ֣שׁ רָעָ֔ה רָאִ֖יתִי תַּ֣חַת הַשָּׁ֑מֶשׁ כִּשְׁגָגָ֕ה שֶׁיֹּצָ֖א מִלִּפְנֵ֥י הַשַּׁלִּֽיט׃", "text": "There is *rāʿâ* *rāʾîtî* under *haššāmeš* like *šəgāgâ* that *yōṣēʾ* from before *haššallîṭ*", "grammar": { "*yēš*": "existential particle - there is/exists", "*rāʿâ*": "feminine singular noun - evil/bad thing", "*rāʾîtî*": "qal perfect 1st singular - I saw/observed", "*taḥat haššāmeš*": "preposition + definite article + feminine singular noun - under the sun", "*ki-šəgāgâ*": "preposition + feminine singular noun - like an error", "*še-yōṣēʾ*": "relative particle + qal participle masculine singular - that goes out/proceeds", "*mi-lifnê*": "preposition + preposition - from before", "*haššallîṭ*": "definite article + masculine singular noun - the ruler" }, "variants": { "*rāʿâ*": "evil/misfortune/bad thing", "*taḥat haššāmeš*": "under the sun/in this world", "*šəgāgâ*": "error/mistake/inadvertent sin", "*yōṣēʾ*": "goes out/proceeds/comes forth", "*haššallîṭ*": "the ruler/the governor/one in authority" } } 6 { "verseID": "Ecclesiastes.10.6", "source": "נִתַּ֣ן הַסֶּ֔כֶל בַּמְּרוֹמִ֖ים רַבִּ֑ים וַעֲשִׁירִ֖ים בַּשֵּׁ֥פֶל יֵשֵֽׁבוּ׃", "text": "*nittan hassekel* in *hammərômîm rabbîm* *wa-ʿăšîrîm* in *haššēpel yēšēbû*", "grammar": { "*nittan*": "niphal perfect 3rd masculine singular - is given/is set", "*hassekel*": "definite article + masculine singular noun - the folly/foolishness", "*ba-mmərômîm*": "preposition + definite article + masculine plural noun - in the heights", "*rabbîm*": "adjective, masculine plural - many/great", "*wa-ʿăšîrîm*": "conjunction + masculine plural adjective - and rich ones", "*ba-ššēpel*": "preposition + definite article + masculine singular noun - in the lowly place", "*yēšēbû*": "qal imperfect 3rd masculine plural - they sit/dwell" }, "variants": { "*nittan*": "is set/is placed/is given", "*hassekel*": "the folly/the foolishness/the fool", "*hammərômîm*": "high positions/exalted places/heights", "*rabbîm*": "many/great/numerous", "*ʿăšîrîm*": "rich ones/wealthy people", "*haššēpel*": "lowly place/humble position/low rank" } } 7 { "verseID": "Ecclesiastes.10.7", "source": "רָאִ֥יתִי עֲבָדִ֖ים עַל־סוּסִ֑ים וְשָׂרִ֛ים הֹלְכִ֥ים כַּעֲבָדִ֖ים עַל־הָאָֽרֶץ׃", "text": "*rāʾîtî ʿăbādîm* on *sûsîm* *wə-śārîm hōləkîm* like *ʿăbādîm* on *hāʾāreṣ*", "grammar": { "*rāʾîtî*": "qal perfect 1st singular - I saw/observed", "*ʿăbādîm*": "masculine plural noun - servants/slaves", "*ʿal-sûsîm*": "preposition + masculine plural noun - on horses", "*wə-śārîm*": "conjunction + masculine plural noun - and princes/officials", "*hōləkîm*": "qal participle masculine plural - walking/going", "*ka-ʿăbādîm*": "preposition + masculine plural noun - like servants/slaves", "*ʿal-hāʾāreṣ*": "preposition + definite article + feminine singular noun - on the ground/earth" }, "variants": { "*ʿăbādîm*": "servants/slaves/workers", "*sûsîm*": "horses/steeds", "*śārîm*": "princes/officials/nobles", "*hōləkîm*": "walking/going/traveling", "*hāʾāreṣ*": "the ground/the earth/the land" } }
  • Isa 3:5 : 5 { "verseID": "Isaiah.3.5", "source": "וְנִגַּ֣שׂ הָעָ֔ם אִ֥ישׁ בְּאִ֖ישׁ וְאִ֣ישׁ בְּרֵעֵ֑הוּ יִרְהֲב֗וּ הַנַּ֙עַר֙ בַּזָּקֵ֔ן וְהַנִּקְלֶ֖ה בַּנִּכְבָּֽד", "text": "And-*niggaś* the-*ʿām*, *ʾîš* against-*ʾîš* and-*ʾîš* against-*rēʿēhû*; *yirhabû* the-*naʿar* against-the-*zāqēn*, and-the-*niqleh* against-the-*nikbād*", "grammar": { "*wə*": "conjunction - and", "*niggaś*": "Niphal perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - will be oppressed", "*hāʿām*": "definite noun, masculine singular - the people", "*ʾîš*": "noun, masculine singular - man", "*bə*": "preposition - against/in", "*rēʿēhû*": "noun, masculine singular with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his neighbor", "*yirhabû*": "Qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine plural - they will behave insolently", "*hanaʿar*": "definite noun, masculine singular - the youth", "*bazzāqēn*": "preposition with definite noun, masculine singular - against the elder", "*hanniqleh*": "definite Niphal participle, masculine singular - the despised/dishonored one", "*bannikbād*": "preposition with definite Niphal participle, masculine singular - against the honored one" }, "variants": { "*niggaś*": "will be oppressed/tyrannized/pressured", "*ʿām*": "people/nation/folk", "*ʾîš*": "man/each/one", "*rēʿēhû*": "his neighbor/companion/fellow", "*yirhabû*": "they will behave insolently/storm against/be arrogant", "*naʿar*": "youth/boy/lad", "*zāqēn*": "elder/old man/aged one", "*niqleh*": "despised/dishonored/lightly esteemed", "*nikbād*": "honored/respected/esteemed" } }
  • Isa 5:11-12 : 11 { "verseID": "Isaiah.5.11", "source": "ה֛וֹי מַשְׁכִּימֵ֥י בַבֹּ֖קֶר שֵׁכָ֣ר יִרְדֹּ֑פוּ מְאַחֲרֵ֣י בַנֶּ֔שֶׁף יַ֖יִן יַדְלִיקֵֽם׃", "text": "*hôy* those who *maškîmê* in the *babbōqer* *šēkār* *yirdōpû*, those who *məʾaḥărê* until the *bannešep* *yayin* *yadlîqēm*.", "grammar": { "*hôy*": "interjection - woe", "*maškîmê*": "hiphil participle masculine plural construct - rising early", "*babbōqer*": "definite article with preposition with masculine singular noun - in the morning", "*šēkār*": "masculine singular noun - strong drink", "*yirdōpû*": "qal imperfect 3rd person masculine plural - they pursue", "*məʾaḥărê*": "piel participle masculine plural construct - delaying/tarrying", "*bannešep*": "definite article with preposition with masculine singular noun - in the twilight/evening", "*yayin*": "masculine singular noun - wine", "*yadlîqēm*": "hiphil imperfect 3rd person masculine singular with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - inflames them" }, "variants": { "*maškîmê*": "rising early/doing early in the morning", "*šēkār*": "strong drink/intoxicating beverage", "*məʾaḥărê*": "delaying/tarrying/staying late", "*bannešep*": "twilight/evening/dusk", "*yadlîqēm*": "inflames/burns/kindles them" } } 12 { "verseID": "Isaiah.5.12", "source": "וְהָיָ֨ה כִנּ֜וֹר וָנֶ֗בֶל תֹּ֧ף וְחָלִ֛יל וָיַ֖יִן מִשְׁתֵּיהֶ֑ם וְאֵ֨ת פֹּ֤עַל יְהוָה֙ לֹ֣א יַבִּ֔יטוּ וּמַעֲשֵׂ֥ה יָדָ֖יו לֹ֥א רָאֽוּ׃", "text": "And *wə*-there has *wəhāyâ* *kinnôr* and *wā*-*nebel*, *tōp* and *wə*-*ḥālîl* and *wā*-*yayin* at their *mištêhem*; but the *wəʾēt* *pōʿal* of *YHWH* they do not *yabbîṭû*, and the *maʿăśēh* of his *yādāyw* they have not *rāʾû*.", "grammar": { "*wə*": "conjunction - and", "*wəhāyâ*": "qal perfect 3rd person masculine singular with vav consecutive - and there is", "*kinnôr*": "masculine singular noun - lyre/harp", "*wā*": "conjunction - and", "*nebel*": "masculine singular noun - harp/lute", "*tōp*": "masculine singular noun - tambourine/timbrel", "*ḥālîl*": "masculine singular noun - pipe/flute", "*yayin*": "masculine singular noun - wine", "*mištêhem*": "masculine plural noun with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - their feasts", "*wəʾēt*": "conjunction with direct object marker", "*pōʿal*": "masculine singular construct - work of", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - LORD", "*yabbîṭû*": "hiphil imperfect 3rd person masculine plural - they regard/consider", "*maʿăśēh*": "masculine singular construct - work of", "*yādāyw*": "feminine dual noun with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his hands", "*rāʾû*": "qal perfect 3rd person common plural - they have seen" }, "variants": { "*kinnôr*": "lyre/harp/stringed instrument", "*nebel*": "harp/lute/stringed instrument", "*tōp*": "tambourine/timbrel/drum", "*ḥālîl*": "pipe/flute/wind instrument", "*mištêhem*": "feasts/banquets/drinking parties", "*pōʿal*": "work/deed/action", "*yabbîṭû*": "regard/consider/look at" } }
  • Isa 22:12-14 : 12 { "verseID": "Isaiah.22.12", "source": "וַיִּקְרָ֗א אֲדֹנָ֧י יְהוִ֛ה צְבָא֖וֹת בַּיּ֣וֹם הַה֑וּא לִבְכִי֙ וּלְמִסְפֵּ֔ד וּלְקָרְחָ֖ה וְלַחֲגֹ֥ר שָֽׂק׃", "text": "And-*yiqrāʾ* *ʾᵃdōnāy* *YHWH* *ṣᵉbāʾôt* in-the-*yôm* the-that to-*bᵉkî* and-to-*mispēd* and-to-*qorḥāh* and-to-*ḥᵃgōr* *śāq*", "grammar": { "וַיִּקְרָ֗א": "conjunction + Qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular, apocopated - and he called", "*ʾᵃdōnāy*": "noun with 1st person plural suffix - my Lord", "*YHWH*": "divine name", "*ṣᵉbāʾôt*": "masculine plural - hosts/armies", "בַּיּ֣וֹם": "preposition + definite article + masculine singular - in the day", "הַה֑וּא": "definite article + demonstrative pronoun - that", "לִבְכִי֙": "preposition + masculine singular - to weeping", "וּלְמִסְפֵּ֔ד": "conjunction + preposition + masculine singular - and to mourning", "וּלְקָרְחָ֖ה": "conjunction + preposition + feminine singular - and to baldness", "וְלַחֲגֹ֥ר": "conjunction + preposition + Qal infinitive construct - and to gird", "*śāq*": "masculine singular - sackcloth" }, "variants": { "*yiqrāʾ*": "called/summoned/invited", "*ʾᵃdōnāy*": "my Lord/Master", "*YHWH*": "Yahweh/LORD", "*ṣᵉbāʾôt*": "hosts/armies", "*bᵉkî*": "weeping/crying", "*mispēd*": "mourning/wailing/lamentation", "*qorḥāh*": "baldness (sign of mourning)", "*ḥᵃgōr*": "gird/wrap/put on", "*śāq*": "sackcloth (rough cloth worn during mourning)" } } 13 { "verseID": "Isaiah.22.13", "source": "וְהִנֵּ֣ה ׀ שָׂשׂ֣וֹן וְשִׂמְחָ֗ה הָרֹ֤ג ׀ בָּקָר֙ וְשָׁחֹ֣ט צֹ֔אן אָכֹ֥ל בָּשָׂ֖ר וְשָׁת֣וֹת יָ֑יִן אָכ֣וֹל וְשָׁת֔וֹ כִּ֥י מָחָ֖ר נָמֽוּת׃", "text": "And-*hinnēh* *śāśôn* and-*śimḥāh* *hārōg* *bāqār* and-*šāḥōṭ* *ṣōʾn* *ʾākōl* *bāśār* and-*šātôt* *yāyin* *ʾākôl* and-*šātô* for *māḥār* *nāmût*", "grammar": { "וְהִנֵּ֣ה": "conjunction + interjection - and behold", "*śāśôn*": "masculine singular - joy", "וְשִׂמְחָ֗ה": "conjunction + feminine singular - and gladness", "*hārōg*": "Qal infinitive absolute - slaying", "*bāqār*": "masculine singular - cattle", "וְשָׁחֹ֣ט": "conjunction + Qal infinitive absolute - and slaughtering", "*ṣōʾn*": "collective noun - sheep/flock", "*ʾākōl*": "Qal infinitive absolute - eating", "*bāśār*": "masculine singular - flesh/meat", "וְשָׁת֣וֹת": "conjunction + Qal infinitive absolute - and drinking", "*yāyin*": "masculine singular - wine", "*ʾākôl*": "Qal infinitive absolute - eat", "וְשָׁת֔וֹ": "conjunction + Qal infinitive absolute - and drink", "כִּ֥י": "conjunction - for/because", "*māḥār*": "adverb - tomorrow", "*nāmût*": "Qal imperfect, 1st person plural - we will die" }, "variants": { "*hinnēh*": "behold/look/see", "*śāśôn*": "joy/gladness/rejoicing", "*śimḥāh*": "gladness/joy/mirth", "*hārōg*": "slaying/killing", "*bāqār*": "cattle/oxen", "*šāḥōṭ*": "slaughtering/butchering", "*ṣōʾn*": "sheep/flocks/small livestock", "*ʾākōl*": "eating/consuming", "*bāśār*": "flesh/meat", "*šātôt*": "drinking", "*yāyin*": "wine", "*ʾākôl* and-*šātô*": "let us eat and drink (idiomatic)", "*māḥār*": "tomorrow/in future", "*nāmût*": "we will die/we shall be dead" } } 14 { "verseID": "Isaiah.22.14", "source": "וְנִגְלָ֥ה בְאָזְנָ֖י יְהוָ֣ה צְבָא֑וֹת אִם־יְ֠כֻפַּר הֶעָוֺ֨ן הַזֶּ֤ה לָכֶם֙ עַד־תְּמֻת֔וּן אָמַ֛ר אֲדֹנָ֥י יְהוִ֖ה צְבָאֽוֹת׃ פ", "text": "And-*niglāh* in-*ʾoznay* *YHWH* *ṣᵉbāʾôt* if-*yᵉkuppar* the-*ʿāwōn* the-this to-you until-*tᵉmutûn* *ʾāmar* *ʾᵃdōnāy* *YHWH* *ṣᵉbāʾôt*", "grammar": { "וְנִגְלָ֥ה": "conjunction + Niphal perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - and it was revealed", "בְאָזְנָ֖י": "preposition + feminine dual construct + 1st person singular suffix - in my ears", "*YHWH*": "divine name", "*ṣᵉbāʾôt*": "masculine plural - hosts/armies", "אִם־יְ֠כֻפַּר": "conjunction + Pual imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - if it will be atoned for", "הֶעָוֺ֨ן": "definite article + masculine singular - the iniquity", "הַזֶּ֤ה": "definite article + demonstrative pronoun - this", "לָכֶם֙": "preposition + 2nd person masculine plural suffix - for you", "עַד־תְּמֻת֔וּן": "preposition + Qal imperfect, 2nd person masculine plural, paragogic nun - until you die", "*ʾāmar*": "Qal perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - he said", "*ʾᵃdōnāy*": "noun with 1st person plural suffix - my Lord", "*YHWH*": "divine name", "*ṣᵉbāʾôt*": "masculine plural - hosts/armies" }, "variants": { "*niglāh*": "was revealed/was uncovered/was made known", "*ʾoznay*": "my ears/hearing", "*YHWH*": "Yahweh/LORD", "*ṣᵉbāʾôt*": "hosts/armies", "*yᵉkuppar*": "will be atoned for/will be forgiven/will be covered", "*ʿāwōn*": "iniquity/sin/guilt", "*tᵉmutûn*": "you (plural) die/you shall be dead", "*ʾāmar*": "said/spoke/declared", "*ʾᵃdōnāy*": "my Lord/Master" } }
  • Hos 7:3-5 : 3 { "verseID": "Hosea.7.3", "source": "בְּרָעָתָ֖ם יְשַׂמְּחוּ־מֶ֑לֶךְ וּבְכַחֲשֵׁיהֶ֖ם שָׂרִֽים׃", "text": "In *rāʿātām* *yəśamməḥû*-*meleḵ* *ûḇəḵaḥăśêhem* *śārîm*.", "grammar": { "*rāʿātām*": "noun, feminine singular + 3rd masculine plural suffix with prefix *bə* - in/with their evil", "*yəśamməḥû*": "piel imperfect 3rd masculine plural - they make glad/please", "*meleḵ*": "noun, masculine singular - king", "*ûḇəḵaḥăśêhem*": "conjunction + preposition + noun, masculine plural + 3rd masculine plural suffix - and with their lies/deceptions", "*śārîm*": "noun, masculine plural - princes/officials" }, "variants": { "*rāʿātām*": "their evil/wickedness/malice", "*yəśamməḥû*": "make glad/please/delight", "*ûḇəḵaḥăśêhem*": "with their lies/deceptions/falsehoods", "*śārîm*": "princes/officials/nobles" } } 4 { "verseID": "Hosea.7.4", "source": "כֻּלָּם֙ מְנָ֣אֲפִ֔ים כְּמ֣וֹ תַנּ֔וּר בֹּעֵ֖רָה מֵֽאֹפֶ֑ה יִשְׁבּ֣וֹת מֵעִ֔יר מִלּ֥וּשׁ בָּצֵ֖ק עַד־חֻמְצָתֽוֹ׃", "text": "All of them *mənāʾăp̄îm* like *tannûr* *bōʿērâ* from *ʾōp̄eh* *yišbôt* from *ʿîr* *millûš* *bāṣēq* until-*ḥumṣātô*.", "grammar": { "*mənāʾăp̄îm*": "piel participle masculine plural - committing adultery/being adulterers", "*tannûr*": "noun, masculine singular - oven/furnace", "*bōʿērâ*": "qal participle feminine singular - burning", "*ʾōp̄eh*": "qal participle masculine singular - baker", "*yišbôt*": "qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - he ceases/rests", "*ʿîr*": "verb, hiphil infinitive construct - stirring/rousing", "*millûš*": "qal infinitive construct with prefix *min* - from kneading", "*bāṣēq*": "noun, masculine singular - dough", "*ḥumṣātô*": "noun, feminine singular + 3rd masculine singular suffix - its leavening/rising" }, "variants": { "*mənāʾăp̄îm*": "adulterers/idolaters/unfaithful ones", "*tannûr*": "oven/furnace", "*bōʿērâ*": "burning/kindled/heated", "*ʾōp̄eh*": "baker/one who bakes", "*yišbôt*": "ceases/stops/rests", "*ʿîr*": "stirring/rousing/awakening", "*millûš*": "kneading/mixing dough", "*ḥumṣātô*": "its leavening/fermenting/rising" } } 5 { "verseID": "Hosea.7.5", "source": "י֣וֹם מַלְכֵּ֔נוּ הֶחֱל֥וּ שָׂרִ֖ים חֲמַ֣ת מִיָּ֑יִן מָשַׁ֥ךְ יָד֖וֹ אֶת־לֹצְצִֽים׃", "text": "*yôm* *malkênû* *heḥĕlû* *śārîm* *ḥămat* from *yāyîn* *māšaḵ* *yāḏô* with-*lōṣəṣîm*.", "grammar": { "*yôm*": "noun, masculine singular construct - day of", "*malkênû*": "noun, masculine singular + 1st plural suffix - our king", "*heḥĕlû*": "hiphil perfect 3rd plural - they made sick/began", "*śārîm*": "noun, masculine plural - princes/officials", "*ḥămat*": "noun, feminine singular construct - heat/rage of", "*yāyîn*": "noun, masculine singular with prefix *min* - from wine", "*māšaḵ*": "qal perfect 3rd masculine singular - he stretched/drew out", "*yāḏô*": "noun, feminine singular + 3rd masculine singular suffix - his hand", "*lōṣəṣîm*": "qal participle masculine plural - mockers/scorners" }, "variants": { "*heḥĕlû*": "made sick/began/inflamed", "*ḥămat*": "heat/rage/wrath/poison", "*māšaḵ*": "stretched out/drew/extended", "*lōṣəṣîm*": "mockers/scorners/those who scoff" } }
  • Hos 9:1 : 1 { "verseID": "Hosea.9.1", "source": "אַל־תִּשְׂמַ֨ח יִשְׂרָאֵ֤ל ׀ אֶל־גִּיל֙ כָּֽעַמִּ֔ים כִּ֥י זָנִ֖יתָ מֵעַ֣ל אֱלֹהֶ֑יךָ אָהַ֣בְתָּ אֶתְנָ֔ן עַ֖ל כָּל־גָּרְנ֥וֹת דָּגָֽן׃", "text": "Not *tiśmaḥ* *yiśrāʾēl* to *gîl* like-the-*ʿammîm* because *zānîtā* from-upon *ʾĕlōhêkā*; *ʾāhabtā* *ʾetnān* upon all-*gornôt* of-*dāgān*.", "grammar": { "*tiśmaḥ*": "qal imperfect 2nd masculine singular with negative particle - 'do not rejoice'", "*yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun, vocative - 'Israel' (addressed)", "*gîl*": "infinitive construct - 'rejoicing/joy'", "*ʿammîm*": "masculine plural noun - 'peoples/nations'", "*zānîtā*": "qal perfect 2nd masculine singular - 'you committed fornication/were unfaithful'", "*ʾĕlōhêkā*": "masculine singular noun with 2nd masculine singular possessive suffix - 'your God'", "*ʾāhabtā*": "qal perfect 2nd masculine singular - 'you loved'", "*ʾetnān*": "noun - 'payment/hire (for prostitution)'", "*gornôt*": "plural construct form of *gōren* - 'threshing floors of'", "*dāgān*": "masculine singular noun - 'grain/corn'" }, "variants": { "*gîl*": "rejoicing/joy/exultation", "*zānîtā*": "you committed prostitution/were unfaithful/played the harlot", "*ʾetnān*": "payment for prostitution/hire/wages of prostitution", "*gornôt*": "threshing floors/granaries", "*dāgān*": "grain/corn/wheat" } }
  • Amos 6:3-6 : 3 { "verseID": "Amos.6.3", "source": "הַמְנַדִּים לְיוֹם רָע וַתַּגִּישׁוּן שֶׁבֶת חָמָס", "text": "The *mənadîm* to *yôm* *rāʿ* *wa-* *taggîšûn* *šebet* *ḥāmās*", "grammar": { "*mənadîm*": "masculine plural participle with definite article - those putting far away", "*yôm*": "masculine singular with preposition *lə-* - to/for day", "*rāʿ*": "masculine adjective - evil/calamity", "*wa-*": "conjunction with vav consecutive - and", "*taggîšûn*": "imperfect, 2nd person masculine plural, causative - you cause to come near", "*šebet*": "construct noun - seat/throne of", "*ḥāmās*": "masculine noun - violence" }, "variants": { "*mənadîm*": "pushing away/putting off/postponing", "*rāʿ*": "evil/bad/calamity/disaster", "*taggîšûn*": "bring near/cause to approach/draw close", "*šebet*": "seat/dwelling/throne", "*ḥāmās*": "violence/wrong/injustice" } } 4 { "verseID": "Amos.6.4", "source": "הַשֹּׁכְבִים עַל־מִטּוֹת שֵׁן וּסְרֻחִים עַל־עַרְשׂוֹתָם וְאֹכְלִים כָּרִים מִצֹּאן וַעֲגָלִים מִתּוֹךְ מַרְבֵּק", "text": "The *šōkəbîm* upon- *miṭṭôt* *šēn* *û-* *sərūḥîm* upon- *ʿarśôtām* *wə-* *ʾōkəlîm* *kārîm* from *ṣōʾn* *wa-* *ʿăgālîm* from-midst *marbēq*", "grammar": { "*šōkəbîm*": "masculine plural participle with definite article - those lying", "*miṭṭôt*": "feminine plural with preposition *ʿal-* - on beds of", "*šēn*": "masculine noun - ivory", "*û-*": "conjunction - and", "*sərūḥîm*": "masculine plural participle - sprawling/stretching out", "*ʿarśôtām*": "feminine plural noun with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - their couches", "*wə-*": "conjunction - and", "*ʾōkəlîm*": "masculine plural participle - eating", "*kārîm*": "masculine plural - lambs", "*ṣōʾn*": "collective noun with preposition *min-* - from flock", "*wa-*": "conjunction - and", "*ʿăgālîm*": "masculine plural - calves", "*marbēq*": "masculine singular with compound preposition *min-tôk* - from midst of stall" }, "variants": { "*šōkəbîm*": "those lying/reclining/laying down", "*sərūḥîm*": "sprawling/stretching out/lounging", "*ʾōkəlîm*": "eating/consuming/feasting on", "*kārîm*": "lambs/young rams", "*marbēq*": "stall/fattening place/feeding enclosure" } } 5 { "verseID": "Amos.6.5", "source": "הַפֹּרְטִים עַל־פִּי הַנָּבֶל כְּדָוִיד חָשְׁבוּ לָהֶם כְּלֵי־שִׁיר", "text": "The *pōrəṭîm* upon- *pî* the *nābel* like *dāwīd* *ḥāšəbû* to-them *kəlê-* *šîr*", "grammar": { "*pōrəṭîm*": "masculine plural participle with definite article - those improvising/playing", "*pî*": "construct masculine noun with preposition *ʿal-* - upon mouth of", "*nābel*": "masculine noun with definite article - harp/lute", "*dāwīd*": "proper noun with comparative prefix *kə-* - like David", "*ḥāšəbû*": "perfect, 3rd person plural - they devised/invented", "*kəlê-*": "masculine plural construct - instruments of", "*šîr*": "masculine noun - song/music" }, "variants": { "*pōrəṭîm*": "improvising/strumming/plucking/playing", "*pî*": "mouth of/opening of/according to", "*nābel*": "lute/harp/stringed instrument", "*ḥāšəbû*": "devised/invented/thought up", "*kəlê-šîr*": "musical instruments/instruments for music" } } 6 { "verseID": "Amos.6.6", "source": "הַשֹּׁתִים בְּמִזְרְקֵי יַיִן וְרֵאשִׁית שְׁמָנִים יִמְשָׁחוּ וְלֹא נֶחְלוּ עַל־שֵׁבֶר יוֹסֵף", "text": "The *šōtîm* in *mizrəqê* *yayin* *wə-* *rēʾšît* *šəmānîm* *yimšāḥû* *wə-* *lōʾ* *neḥlû* upon- *šēber* *yôsēp*", "grammar": { "*šōtîm*": "masculine plural participle with definite article - those drinking", "*mizrəqê*": "masculine plural construct with preposition *bə-* - in bowls of", "*yayin*": "masculine noun - wine", "*wə-*": "conjunction - and", "*rēʾšît*": "feminine singular construct - finest of", "*šəmānîm*": "masculine plural - oils", "*yimšāḥû*": "imperfect, 3rd person plural - they anoint themselves", "*wə-*": "conjunction - and", "*lōʾ*": "negative particle - not", "*neḥlû*": "perfect, 3rd person plural - they grieve", "*šēber*": "masculine singular construct with preposition *ʿal-* - over ruin/breaking of", "*yôsēp*": "proper noun - Joseph" }, "variants": { "*šōtîm*": "drinking/consuming beverages", "*mizrəqê*": "bowls/basins/containers", "*rēʾšît*": "finest/best/choicest", "*šəmānîm*": "oils/ointments/perfumes", "*yimšāḥû*": "anoint themselves/apply oil/rub", "*neḥlû*": "grieve/feel sick/are distressed", "*šēber*": "ruin/destruction/breaking/collapse" } }
  • Luke 16:19 : 19 { "verseID": "Luke.16.19", "source": "¶Ἄνθρωπος δέ τις ἦν πλούσιος, καὶ ἐνεδιδύσκετο πορφύραν καὶ βύσσον, εὐφραινόμενος καθʼ ἡμέραν λαμπρῶς:", "text": "*Anthrōpos de* certain *ēn plousios*, and *enedidysketo porphyran* and *bysson*, *euphrainomenos* according to *hēmeran lamprōs*:", "grammar": { "*Anthrōpos*": "nominative singular masculine - man/person", "*de*": "postpositive conjunction - but/and/now", "*ēn*": "imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular - was", "*plousios*": "nominative singular masculine - rich/wealthy", "*enedidysketo*": "imperfect middle indicative, 3rd singular - was clothing himself", "*porphyran*": "accusative singular feminine - purple [garment]", "*bysson*": "accusative singular feminine - fine linen", "*euphrainomenos*": "present middle/passive participle, nominative singular masculine - rejoicing/enjoying himself", "*hēmeran*": "accusative singular feminine - day", "*lamprōs*": "adverb - splendidly/luxuriously" }, "variants": { "*Anthrōpos*": "man/person", "*plousios*": "rich/wealthy", "*enedidysketo*": "was clothing himself/dressed himself", "*porphyran*": "purple [cloth/garment] (expensive luxury material)", "*bysson*": "fine linen (expensive luxury material)", "*euphrainomenos*": "rejoicing/making merry/enjoying himself", "*lamprōs*": "splendidly/luxuriously/sumptuously" } }
  • Luke 16:23 : 23 { "verseID": "Luke.16.23", "source": "Καὶ ἐν τῷ ᾅδῃ ἐπάρας τοὺς ὀφθαλμοὺς αὐτοῦ, ὑπάρχων ἐν βασάνοις, ὁρᾷ τὸν Ἀβραὰμ ἀπὸ μακρόθεν, καὶ Λάζαρον ἐν τοῖς κόλποις αὐτοῦ.", "text": "And in the *hadē eparas tous ophthalmous* of him, *hyparchōn* in *basanois*, *hora ton Abraam* from *makrothen*, and *Lazaron* in the *kolpois* of him.", "grammar": { "*hadē*": "dative singular masculine - hades", "*eparas*": "aorist active participle, nominative singular masculine - having lifted up", "*tous ophthalmous*": "accusative plural masculine - the eyes", "*hyparchōn*": "present active participle, nominative singular masculine - being/existing", "*basanois*": "dative plural feminine - torments/tortures", "*hora*": "present active indicative, 3rd singular - sees", "*ton Abraam*": "accusative singular masculine - Abraham", "*makrothen*": "adverb - from afar/at a distance", "*Lazaron*": "accusative singular masculine - Lazarus", "*kolpois*": "dative plural masculine - bosoms/embraces" }, "variants": { "*hadē*": "hades/the realm of the dead", "*eparas*": "having lifted up/having raised", "*ophthalmous*": "eyes", "*hyparchōn*": "being/existing/finding himself", "*basanois*": "torments/tortures/agonies", "*hora*": "sees/perceives/beholds", "*makrothen*": "from afar/at a distance/far away", "*kolpois*": "bosom/embrace [metaphor for place of honor/comfort]" } }
  • Jas 4:9 : 9 { "verseID": "James.4.9", "source": "Ταλαιπωρήσατε, καὶ πενθήσατε, καὶ κλαύσατε: ὁ γέλως ὑμῶν εἰς πένθος μεταστραφήτω, καὶ ἡ χαρὰ εἰς κατήφειαν.", "text": "*Talaipōrēsate*, and *penthēsate*, and *klausate*: the *gelōs* of you into *penthos metastraphētō*, and the *chara* into *katēpheian*.", "grammar": { "*Talaipōrēsate*": "aorist active imperative, 2nd plural - be wretched/lament", "*penthēsate*": "aorist active imperative, 2nd plural - mourn/grieve", "*klausate*": "aorist active imperative, 2nd plural - weep/wail", "*gelōs*": "nominative, masculine, singular - laughter", "*penthos*": "accusative, neuter, singular - mourning/grief", "*metastraphētō*": "aorist passive imperative, 3rd singular - let be turned/transformed", "*chara*": "nominative, feminine, singular - joy/gladness", "*katēpheian*": "accusative, feminine, singular - gloom/dejection" }, "variants": { "*Talaipōrēsate*": "be wretched/lament/endure hardship", "*penthēsate*": "mourn/grieve/lament", "*klausate*": "weep/wail/cry", "*gelōs*": "laughter", "*penthos*": "mourning/grief/sorrow", "*metastraphētō*": "let be turned/transformed/changed", "*chara*": "joy/gladness/delight", "*katēpheian*": "gloom/dejection/downcast face" } }
  • 1 Sam 25:36 : 36 { "verseID": "1 Samuel.25.36", "source": "וַתָּבֹ֣א אֲבִיגַ֣יִל ׀ אֶל־נָבָ֡ל וְהִנֵּה־לוֹ֩ מִשְׁתֶּ֨ה בְּבֵית֜וֹ כְּמִשְׁתֵּ֣ה הַמֶּ֗לֶךְ וְלֵ֤ב נָבָל֙ ט֣וֹב עָלָ֔יו וְה֥וּא שִׁכֹּ֖ר עַד־מְאֹ֑ד וְלֹֽא־הִגִּ֣ידָה לּ֗וֹ דָּבָ֥ר קָטֹ֛ן וְגָד֖וֹל עַד־א֥וֹר הַבֹּֽקֶר׃", "text": "And *tābōʾ* *ʾĂbîgayil* to-*Nābāl* and behold *lô* *mišteh* in *bêtô* like *mištēh* the *melek*, and *lēb* *Nābāl* *ṭôb* upon him, and he *šikkōr* unto-very much, and not *higgîdāh* to him *dābār* *qāṭōn* and *gādôl* until-*ʾôr* the *bōqer*.", "grammar": { "*tābōʾ*": "Qal imperfect 3rd feminine singular with waw-consecutive - came", "*ʾĂbîgayil*": "proper noun - Abigail", "*Nābāl*": "proper noun - Nabal", "*lô*": "preposition with 3rd masculine singular suffix - to him", "*mišteh*": "masculine singular noun - feast/banquet", "*bêtô*": "masculine singular noun with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his house", "*mištēh*": "masculine singular construct - feast of", "*melek*": "masculine singular noun with definite article - the king", "*lēb*": "masculine singular construct - heart of", "*ṭôb*": "adjective, masculine singular - good/merry", "*šikkōr*": "adjective, masculine singular - drunk", "*higgîdāh*": "Hiphil perfect 3rd feminine singular - she told", "*dābār*": "masculine singular noun - word/matter/thing", "*qāṭōn*": "adjective, masculine singular - small", "*gādôl*": "adjective, masculine singular - great/large", "*ʾôr*": "masculine singular construct - light of", "*bōqer*": "masculine singular noun with definite article - the morning" }, "variants": { "*mišteh*": "feast/banquet/drinking party", "*lēb* *ṭôb*": "heart was merry/cheerful/in good spirits", "*šikkōr*": "drunk/intoxicated", "*dābār* *qāṭōn* and *gādôl*": "anything at all (idiom: neither small nor great thing)" } }
  • 2 Sam 3:24-25 : 24 { "verseID": "2 Samuel.3.24", "source": "וַיָּבֹ֤א יוֹאָב֙ אֶל־הַמֶּ֔לֶךְ וַיֹּ֖אמֶר מֶ֣ה עָשִׂ֑יתָה הִנֵּה־בָ֤א אַבְנֵר֙ אֵלֶ֔יךָ לָמָּה־זֶּ֥ה שִׁלַּחְתּ֖וֹ וַיֵּ֥לֶךְ הָלֽוֹךְ׃", "text": "And *wə-yābōʾ* *yôʾāb* to-the-*melek* and *wə-yōʾmer* what *ʿāśîtāh* behold-came *ʾabnēr* to-you why-this *šillaḥtô* and *wə-yēlek* *hālôk*", "grammar": { "*wə-yābōʾ*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he came", "*yôʾāb*": "proper noun - Joab", "*melek*": "noun, masculine singular with definite article - the king", "*wə-yōʾmer*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he said", "*ʿāśîtāh*": "qal perfect, 2nd masculine singular - you have done", "*ʾabnēr*": "proper noun - Abner", "*šillaḥtô*": "piel perfect, 2nd masculine singular with 3rd masculine singular suffix - you sent him away", "*wə-yēlek*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he went", "*hālôk*": "qal infinitive absolute - going/completely" }, "variants": { "*hālôk*": "going/completely/entirely/altogether" } } 25 { "verseID": "2 Samuel.3.25", "source": "יָדַ֙עְתָּ֙ אֶת־אַבְנֵ֣ר בֶּן־נֵ֔ר כִּ֥י לְפַתֹּתְךָ֖ בָּ֑א וְלָדַ֜עַת אֶת־מוֹצָֽאֲךָ֙ וְאֶת־*מבואך **מ֣וֹבָאֶ֔ךָ וְלָדַ֕עַת אֵ֛ת כָּל־אֲשֶׁ֥ר אַתָּ֖ה עֹשֶֽׂה׃", "text": "You-*yādaʿtā* *ʾet*-*ʾabnēr* son-of-*nēr* that *kî* to-*pattōtəkā* he-*bāʾ* and-to-*lādaʿat* *ʾet*-*môṣāʾăkā* and-*ʾet*-*môbāʾekā* and-to-*lādaʿat* *ʾēt* all-which you *ʿōśeh*", "grammar": { "*yādaʿtā*": "qal perfect, 2nd masculine singular - you know", "*ʾabnēr*": "proper noun - Abner", "*nēr*": "proper noun - Ner", "*kî*": "conjunction - that/because", "*pattōtəkā*": "piel infinitive construct with 2nd masculine singular suffix - to deceive you", "*bāʾ*": "qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - he came", "*lādaʿat*": "preposition + qal infinitive construct - to know", "*môṣāʾăkā*": "noun, masculine singular with 2nd masculine singular suffix - your going out", "*môbāʾekā*": "noun, masculine singular with 2nd masculine singular suffix - your coming in", "*lādaʿat*": "preposition + qal infinitive construct - to know", "*ʿōśeh*": "qal participle, masculine singular - doing" }, "variants": { "*pattōtəkā*": "to deceive you/to entice you/to persuade you/to seduce you", "*môṣāʾăkā* and *môbāʾekā*": "your going out and your coming in/your movements/your activities" } }
  • 2 Sam 3:39 : 39 { "verseID": "2 Samuel.3.39", "source": "וְאָנֹכִ֨י הַיּ֥וֹם רַךְ֙ וּמָשׁ֣וּחַ מֶ֔לֶךְ וְהָאֲנָשִׁ֥ים הָאֵ֛לֶּה בְּנֵ֥י צְרוּיָ֖ה קָשִׁ֣ים מִמֶּ֑נִּי יְשַׁלֵּ֧ם יְהוָ֛ה לְעֹשֵׂ֥ה הָרָעָ֖ה כְּרָעָתֽוֹ׃ פ", "text": "*wə-ʾānōkî* *ha-yôm* *rak* *û-māšûaḥ* *melek* *wə-hā-ʾănāšîm* *hā-ʾēlleh* *bənê* *ṣərûyâ* *qāšîm* from me *yəšallēm* *yhwh* to *ʿōśēh* *hā-rāʿâ* according to *rāʿātô*", "grammar": { "*wə-ʾānōkî*": "conjunction + personal pronoun 1st person common singular - and I", "*ha-yôm*": "definite article + noun masculine singular - the day/today", "*rak*": "adjective masculine singular - tender/weak/soft", "*û-māšûaḥ*": "conjunction + Qal passive participle masculine singular - and anointed", "*melek*": "noun masculine singular - king", "*wə-hā-ʾănāšîm*": "conjunction + definite article + noun masculine plural - and the men", "*hā-ʾēlleh*": "definite article + demonstrative adjective common plural - these", "*bənê*": "noun masculine plural construct - sons of", "*ṣərûyâ*": "proper noun - Zeruiah", "*qāšîm*": "adjective masculine plural - hard/severe/harsh", "*yəšallēm*": "Piel imperfect 3rd person masculine singular jussive - may he repay", "*yhwh*": "proper noun - LORD/Yahweh", "*ʿōśēh*": "Qal participle masculine singular construct - doer of", "*hā-rāʿâ*": "definite article + noun feminine singular - the evil", "*rāʿātô*": "noun feminine singular construct with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his evil" }, "variants": { "*rak*": "tender/weak/gentle/soft", "*qāšîm*": "too hard/harsh/severe/difficult", "*yəšallēm*": "may he repay/may he restore/may he recompense", "*ʿōśēh* *hā-rāʿâ*": "doer of evil/evildoer" } }
  • Esth 3:15 : 15 { "verseID": "Esther.3.15", "source": "הֽ͏ָרָצִ֞ים יָצְא֤וּ דְחוּפִים֙ בִּדְבַ֣ר הַמֶּ֔לֶךְ וְהַדָּ֥ת נִתְּנָ֖ה בְּשׁוּשַׁ֣ן הַבִּירָ֑ה וְהַמֶּ֤לֶךְ וְהָמָן֙ יָשְׁב֣וּ לִשְׁתּ֔וֹת וְהָעִ֥יר שׁוּשָׁ֖ן נָבֽוֹכָה׃", "text": "The-*rāṣîm* *yāṣəʾû* *dəḥûp̄îm* in-*dəḇar* the-*meleḵ* and-the-*dāṯ* *nittənāh* in-*Šûšan* the-*bîrāh* and-the-*meleḵ* and-*Hāmān* *yāšəḇû* *li-štôṯ* and-the-*ʿîr* *Šûšān* *nāḇôḵāh*", "grammar": { "*rāṣîm*": "masculine plural - runners/couriers", "*yāṣəʾû*": "Qal perfect, 3rd plural - they went out", "*dəḥûp̄îm*": "Qal passive participle, masculine plural - being hurried/urged", "*dəḇar*": "masculine singular construct - word/command of", "*meleḵ*": "masculine singular - king", "*dāṯ*": "feminine singular - decree/law", "*nittənāh*": "Niphal perfect, 3rd feminine singular - it was given", "*Šûšan*": "proper noun - Susa", "*bîrāh*": "feminine singular - citadel/capital", "*Hāmān*": "proper noun - Haman", "*yāšəḇû*": "Qal perfect, 3rd plural - they sat", "*li-štôṯ*": "preposition + Qal infinitive construct - to drink", "*ʿîr*": "feminine singular - city", "*nāḇôḵāh*": "Niphal participle, feminine singular - confused/perplexed" }, "variants": { "*rāṣîm*": "runners/couriers/messengers", "*dəḥûp̄îm*": "hurried/hastened/pressed", "*dəḇar*": "word/command/matter", "*dāṯ*": "law/decree/edict", "*bîrāh*": "citadel/fortress/capital", "*li-štôṯ*": "to drink/feast", "*nāḇôḵāh*": "confused/perplexed/bewildered" } }
  • Prov 17:7 : 7 { "verseID": "Proverbs.17.7", "source": "לֹא־נָאוָה לְנָבָל שְׂפַת־יֶתֶר אַף כִּי־לְנָדִיב שְׂפַת־שָׁקֶר", "text": "Not *nā'wāh* for *nābāl* *śəpat*-*yeter* *'ap* *kî*-for *nādîb* *śəpat*-*šāqer*", "grammar": { "*lō*": "negative particle - not", "*nā'wāh*": "verb, Qal perfect, 3rd person feminine singular - it is fitting/becoming", "*lə-nābāl*": "preposition + noun - for a fool", "*śəpat*": "noun, feminine singular construct - speech of/lip of", "*yeter*": "noun - excellence/superiority/excess", "*'ap*": "conjunction - moreover/indeed/also", "*kî*": "conjunction - that/because/since", "*lə-nādîb*": "preposition + noun - for a noble one", "*śəpat*": "noun, feminine singular construct - speech of/lip of", "*šāqer*": "noun - falsehood/lie/deception" }, "variants": { "*nā'wāh*": "befitting/suitable/becoming/appropriate", "*nābāl*": "fool/senseless person", "*śəpat*": "speech/language/lip", "*yeter*": "excellent/superior/excessive/lofty", "*'ap kî*": "how much less/much more/certainly", "*nādîb*": "noble/willing/generous person", "*šāqer*": "falsehood/deception/lie" } }