Ezekiel 18:7

Linguistic Bible Translation from Source Texts

He does not oppress anyone, but restores a pledge for a loan; he does not commit robbery, but gives his bread to the hungry and clothes the naked.

📖 Grammatical Analysis

Original Text

וְאִישׁ֙ לֹ֣א יוֹנֶ֔ה חֲבֹלָת֥וֹ חוֹב֙ יָשִׁ֔יב גְּזֵלָ֖ה לֹ֣א יִגְזֹ֑ל לַחְמוֹ֙ לְרָעֵ֣ב יִתֵּ֔ן וְעֵירֹ֖ם יְכַסֶּה־בָּֽגֶד׃

Transliteration

wə- ʾîš lōʾ yôneh ḥăbōlātô ḥôb yāšîb gəzēlāh lōʾ yigzōl laḥmô lə- rāʿēb yittēn wə- ʿêrōm yəkasseh-bāged

Grammar Details

• *wə-*: conjunction - and
• *ʾîš*: masculine singular noun - man
• *lōʾ*: negative particle - not
• *yôneh*: Hiphil imperfect 3rd masculine singular - he oppresses
• *ḥăbōlātô*: feminine singular noun with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his pledge
• *ḥôb*: masculine singular noun - debt
• *yāšîb*: Hiphil imperfect 3rd masculine singular - he will return
• *gəzēlāh*: feminine singular noun - robbery, plunder
• *yigzōl*: Qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - he will rob
• *laḥmô*: masculine singular noun with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his bread
• *lə-*: preposition - to
• *rāʿēb*: adjective masculine singular - hungry
• *yittēn*: Qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - he will give
• *ʿêrōm*: adjective masculine singular - naked
• *yəkasseh*: Piel imperfect 3rd masculine singular - he will cover
• *bāged*: masculine singular noun - garment, clothing

Word Meanings

• *yôneh*: oppresses/wrongs/mistreats
• *ḥăbōlāt*: pledge/security/thing taken in pledge
• *yāšîb*: returns/restores/gives back
• *gəzēlāh*: robbery/plunder/thing taken by force

Other Translations

• King James Version 1769 (Standard Version)

  And hath not oppressed any, but hath restored to the debtor his pledge, hath spoiled none by violence, hath given his bread to the hungry, and hath covered the naked with a garment;

• KJV1611 – Modern English

  And has not oppressed anyone, but has restored to the debtor his pledge, has spoiled none by violence, has given his bread to the hungry, and has covered the naked with a garment,

• King James Version 1611 (Original)

  And hath not oppressed any, but hath restored to the debtor his pledge, hath spoiled none by violence, hath given his bread to the hungry, and hath covered the naked with a garment;

• American Standard Version with Strong's Numbers

  and hath not wronged{H3238} any,{H376} but hath restored{H7725} to the debtor{H2326} his pledge,{H2258} hath taken{H1497} nought by robbery,{H1500} hath given{H5414} his bread{H3899} to the hungry,{H7457} and hath covered{H3680} the naked{H5903} with a garment;{H899}

• King James Version with Strong's Numbers

  And hath not oppressed{H3238}{(H8686)} any{H376}, but hath restored{H7725}{(H8686)} to the debtor{H2326} his pledge{H2258}, hath spoiled{H1497}{(H8799)} none by violence{H1500}, hath given{H5414}{(H8799)} his bread{H3899} to the hungry{H7457}, and hath covered{H3680}{(H8762)} the naked{H5903} with a garment{H899};

• Coverdale Bible (1535)

  he greueth no body: he geueth his detter his pledge agayne: he taketh none other mans good by violece: he parteth his mete with the hongrie: he clotheth the naked:

• Geneva Bible (1560)

  Neither hath oppressed any, but hath restored the pledge to his dettour: he that hath spoyled none by violence, but hath giuen his bread to the hungry, and hath couered the naked with a garment,

• Bishops' Bible (1568)

  Neither hath oppressed any man, but hath restored to the detter his pledge: he that hath not spoyled any by violence, hath geuen his bread to the hungry, and hath clothed the naked:

• Authorized King James Version (1611)

  And hath not oppressed any, [but] hath restored to the debtor his pledge, hath spoiled none by violence, hath given his bread to the hungry, and hath covered the naked with a garment;

• Webster's Bible (1833)

  and has not wronged any, but has restored to the debtor his pledge, has taken nothing by robbery, has given his bread to the hungry, and has covered the naked with a garment;

• Young's Literal Translation (1862/1898)

  A man -- he doth not oppress, His pledge to the debtor he doth return, Plunder he doth not take away, His bread to the hungry he doth give, And the naked doth cover with a garment,

• American Standard Version (1901)

  and hath not wronged any, but hath restored to the debtor his pledge, hath taken nought by robbery, hath given his bread to the hungry, and hath covered the naked with a garment;

• American Standard Version (1901)

  and hath not wronged any, but hath restored to the debtor his pledge, hath taken nought by robbery, hath given his bread to the hungry, and hath covered the naked with a garment;

• Bible in Basic English (1941)

  And has done no wrong to any, but has given back to the debtor what is his, and has taken no one's goods by force, and has given food to him who was in need of it, and clothing to him who was without it;

• World English Bible (2000)

  and has not wronged any, but has restored to the debtor his pledge, has taken nothing by robbery, has given his bread to the hungry, and has covered the naked with a garment;

• NET Bible® (New English Translation)

  does not oppress anyone, but gives the debtor back whatever was given in pledge, does not commit robbery, but gives his bread to the hungry and clothes the naked,

Referenced Verses

• Ezek 18:16 : 16 He does not oppress anyone, or require a pledge for a loan, or commit robbery. He gives his bread to the hungry and covers the naked with clothing.
• Exod 22:26 : 26 For it is his only covering, the cloak for his body. What else can he sleep in? If he cries out to me, I will hear him, for I am gracious.
• Ezek 18:12 : 12 oppresses the poor and needy, commits robbery, does not restore a pledge, looks to idols, and does detestable things,
• Ezek 33:15 : 15 if they return what they took in pledge for a loan, restore anything they have stolen, and follow the decrees that give life, doing no wrong—they will surely live; they will not die.
• Deut 24:12-13 : 12 If the person is poor, do not keep their pledge overnight. 13 Return their pledge by sunset so that they may sleep in their own garment and bless you; this will be considered a righteous act before the LORD your God.
• Ezek 18:18 : 18 But his father, because he practiced extortion, robbed his own people, and did what was not good among them—behold, he will die for his iniquity.
• Amos 2:8 : 8 'They stretch out beside every altar on garments taken in pledge, and in the house of their gods they drink wine taken as fines.'
• Amos 3:10 : 10 "They do not know how to do what is right," declares the Lord, "storing up violence and robbery in their fortresses."
• Luke 3:11 : 11 He replied to them, "Anyone who has two tunics must share with the one who has none, and anyone who has food must do the same."
• 2 Cor 8:7-9 : 7 But just as you excel in everything—in faith, in speech, in knowledge, in all diligence, and in the love we inspired in you—see that you also excel in this grace of giving. 8 I am not commanding you, but I want to test the sincerity of your love by comparing it with the earnestness of others. 9 For you know the grace of our Lord Jesus Christ, that though He was rich, yet for your sake He became poor, so that through His poverty you might become rich.
• 2 Cor 9:6-9 : 6 Remember this: The one who sows sparingly will also reap sparingly, and the one who sows generously will also reap generously. 7 Each person should give as they have decided in their heart, not reluctantly or under compulsion, for God loves a cheerful giver. 8 And God is able to make all grace abound to you, so that in every way, at all times, having all that you need, you may abound in every good work. 9 As it is written: 'He has scattered; he has given to the poor; his righteousness endures forever.' 10 Now the one who supplies seed to the sower and bread for food will also supply and multiply your seed and increase the harvest of your righteousness. 11 You will be enriched in every way for all generosity, which through us produces thanksgiving to God. 12 For this ministry of service is not only supplying the needs of the saints but is also overflowing in many expressions of thanksgiving to God. 13 Because of the proof provided by this ministry, they will glorify God for your obedience to the confession of the gospel of Christ, and for your generosity in sharing with them and with all. 14 And in their prayers for you, their hearts will go out to you because of the surpassing grace of God upon you.
• Jas 2:13-17 : 13 For judgment without mercy will be shown to anyone who has not been merciful. Mercy triumphs over judgment. 14 What good is it, my brothers, if someone claims to have faith but has no deeds? Can such faith save him? 15 If a brother or sister is without clothes and lacks daily food, 16 and one of you says to them, 'Go in peace, keep warm and be well fed,' but does not provide for their physical needs, what good is it? 17 In the same way, faith by itself, if it does not have works, is dead.
• Jas 5:1-6 : 1 Come now, you rich people, weep and wail over the miseries that are coming upon you. 2 Your wealth has rotted, and your clothes have become moth-eaten. 3 Your gold and silver are corroded, and their corrosion will serve as a testimony against you and will consume your flesh like fire. You have hoarded wealth in the last days. 4 Look, the wages that you withheld from the workers who harvested your fields are crying out, and the cries of the harvesters have reached the ears of the Lord of Hosts. 5 You have lived luxuriously on the earth and indulged yourselves. You have fattened your hearts in a day of slaughter. 6 You have condemned and murdered the righteous person, who does not resist you.
• 1 John 3:16-19 : 16 This is how we have come to know love: He laid down His life for us. And we ought to lay down our lives for our brothers and sisters. 17 But whoever has the world’s goods and sees a brother or sister in need, yet closes his heart against them, how does the love of God abide in him? 18 Little children, let us not love with words or tongue, but with actions and in truth. 19 By this we will know that we belong to the truth and will reassure our hearts in His presence.
• Gen 6:11-12 : 11 Now the earth was corrupt in the sight of God, and the earth was filled with violence. 12 God saw how corrupt the earth had become, for all flesh had ruined their way on the earth.
• Exod 22:21-24 : 21 Do not afflict a widow or an orphan. 22 If you do afflict them and they cry out to me, I will certainly hear their cry. 23 My anger will burn, and I will kill you with the sword; your wives will become widows and your children fatherless. 24 If you lend money to my people, to the poor among you, you must not act as a creditor to him; do not charge him interest.
• Amos 5:11-12 : 11 Therefore, because you trample on the poor and exact a grain tax from them, though you have built houses of cut stone, you will not live in them; though you have planted delightful vineyards, you will not drink their wine. 12 For I know your many transgressions and your mighty sins: oppressing the righteous, taking bribes, and turning aside the needy at the gate.
• Amos 6:3 : 3 You push away the day of disaster and bring near a reign of violence.
• Amos 8:4-6 : 4 Hear this, you who trample on the needy and seek to destroy the poor of the land, 5 saying, 'When will the new moon be over, so we may sell grain, and the Sabbath end, so we may market wheat, making the ephah small and the shekel large, and falsifying the scales with deceit? 6 Buying the poor for silver and the needy for a pair of sandals, even selling the sweepings of the wheat.'
• Mic 2:1 : 1 Woe to those who devise wickedness and plan evil on their beds! At dawn, they carry it out because they have the power to do it.
• Mic 3:2 : 2 You who hate good and love evil; you tear the skin from my people and the flesh from their bones.
• Zeph 1:9 : 9 On that day I will punish everyone who leaps over the threshold, who fills their master’s house with violence and deceit.
• Zech 7:9-9 : 9 Thus says the LORD of Hosts: 'Administer true justice. Show kindness and compassion to one another. 10 Do not oppress the widow or the orphan, the foreigner or the poor. Do not plot evil in your hearts against one another.' 11 But they refused to pay attention and turned a stubborn shoulder. They stopped their ears so they would not hear.
• Mal 3:5 : 5 I will come near to you for judgment. I will be a swift witness against sorcerers, adulterers, and those who swear falsely; against those who defraud workers of their wages, oppress widows and orphans, and deprive foreigners of justice. They do not fear me, says the Lord of Hosts.
• Matt 25:34-46 : 34 Then the King will say to those on his right, ‘Come, you who are blessed by my Father, inherit the kingdom prepared for you from the foundation of the world. 35 For I was hungry, and you gave me something to eat; I was thirsty, and you gave me something to drink; I was a stranger, and you took me in; 36 I was naked, and you clothed me; I was sick, and you visited me; I was in prison, and you came to me.’ 37 Then the righteous will answer him, ‘Lord, when did we see you hungry and feed you, or thirsty and give you something to drink? 38 When did we see you a stranger and take you in, or naked and clothe you? 39 When did we see you sick or in prison and come to you?’ 40 The King will reply, ‘Truly I tell you, to the extent that you did it for one of the least of these brothers and sisters of mine, you did it for me.’ 41 Then he will say to those on his left, ‘Depart from me, you who are cursed, into the eternal fire prepared for the devil and his angels. 42 For I was hungry, and you gave me nothing to eat; I was thirsty, and you gave me nothing to drink; 43 I was a stranger, and you did not take me in; I was naked, and you did not clothe me; I was sick and in prison, and you did not visit me.’ 44 Then they too will answer, ‘Lord, when did we see you hungry, or thirsty, or a stranger, or naked, or sick, or in prison, and did not serve you?’ 45 Then he will reply, ‘Truly I tell you, to the extent that you did not do it for one of the least of these, you did not do it for me.’ 46 And they will go away into eternal punishment, but the righteous into eternal life.
• Ezek 22:12-13 : 12 In you, they accept bribes to shed blood; they take interest and increase unlawfully. You have gained profit in extorting your neighbors, and you have forgotten me, declares the Sovereign LORD. 13 See, I will strike my hands together in anger at the dishonest gain you have made and the bloodshed that has been done in your midst.
• Ezek 22:27-29 : 27 Her officials within her are like wolves tearing their prey; they shed blood and destroy lives to make unjust gain. 28 Her prophets plaster false visions for them, prophesying lies and saying, ‘This is what the Sovereign LORD says,’ when the LORD has not spoken. 29 The people of the land practice extortion and commit robbery; they oppress the poor and needy and mistreat the foreigner, denying them justice.
• Exod 23:9 : 9 Do not oppress a foreigner; you yourselves know how it feels to be foreigners, because you were foreigners in the land of Egypt.
• Lev 19:15 : 15 Do not pervert justice; do not show partiality to the poor or favoritism to the great, but judge your neighbor fairly.
• Lev 25:14 : 14 If you sell land to your neighbor or buy land from your neighbor, do not take advantage of one another.
• Deut 15:7-9 : 7 If there is a poor person among your brothers within any of your gates in the land the Lord your God is giving you, do not harden your heart or shut your hand against your poor brother. 8 Instead, you shall freely open your hand to him and generously lend him whatever he needs. 9 Be careful not to harbor this wicked thought in your heart: 'The seventh year, the year of release, is near,' and you look grudgingly on your poor brother and give him nothing. He will cry out to the Lord against you, and you will be guilty of sin. 10 You shall surely give to him, and your heart shall not be grieved when you give to him, because for this thing the Lord your God will bless you in all your work and in everything you undertake. 11 For there will never cease to be poor people in the land. Therefore, I command you to freely open your hand to your brother, to the needy, and to the poor in your land.
• Deut 24:17 : 17 Do not pervert justice for the foreigner or the fatherless, and do not take a widow's garment as security for a pledge.
• 1 Sam 12:3-4 : 3 Here I am. Testify against me before the LORD and before His anointed: Whose ox have I taken? Whose donkey have I taken? Whom have I defrauded or oppressed? From whose hand have I taken a bribe to blind my eyes to wrongdoing? If so, I will restore it to you. 4 They replied, 'You have not defrauded us, oppressed us, or taken anything from anyone’s hand.'
• Job 22:6 : 6 For you have taken pledges from your brothers without cause, and stripped the naked of their clothing.
• Job 24:3 : 3 They drive away the orphan’s donkey and take the widow’s ox as security.
• Job 24:9 : 9 They snatch the orphan from the breast and take the poor as a pledge.
• Job 31:13-22 : 13 If I have denied justice to my male or female servants when they had a grievance against me, 14 what will I do when God confronts me? What will I answer when He calls me to account? 15 Did not the same One who made me in the womb make them? Did not the same God form us both within our mothers? 16 If I have withheld the desires of the poor or caused the eyes of the widow to fail, 17 if I have eaten my morsel alone, without sharing with the fatherless— 18 but from my youth I raised him as a father would, and from my mother’s womb I guided the widow— 19 if I have seen anyone perishing for lack of clothing, or the needy without garments, 20 and their hearts did not bless me for warming them with the fleece from my sheep— 21 If I have raised my hand against the fatherless, because I saw my support in the gate, 22 then let my shoulder fall from its socket, and let my arm be broken off at the joint.
• Ps 41:1 : 1 For the director of music, a psalm of David.
• Ps 112:4 : 4 Light shines in the darkness for the upright; he is gracious, compassionate, and righteous.
• Ps 112:9 : 9 He has freely given to the poor; his righteousness endures forever. His horn will be exalted with honor.
• Prov 3:31 : 31 Do not envy a violent man or choose any of his ways.
• Prov 11:24-25 : 24 One person gives freely and gains even more; another withholds what is right and comes to poverty. 25 A generous soul will prosper, and whoever refreshes others will be refreshed.
• Prov 14:31 : 31 Whoever oppresses the poor shows contempt for their Maker, but whoever is kind to the needy honors Him.
• Prov 22:22-23 : 22 Do not rob the poor because he is poor, and do not crush the afflicted at the gate. 23 For the LORD will plead their case and will rob of life those who rob them.
• Prov 28:8 : 8 Whoever increases his wealth by charging interest and unfair gain gathers it for one who is kind to the poor.
• Prov 28:27 : 27 Whoever gives to the poor will lack nothing, but one who hides his eyes will receive many curses.
• Isa 1:17 : 17 Learn to do what is good; seek justice, correct the oppressor. Defend the cause of the fatherless and plead the case of the widow.
• Isa 5:7 : 7 For the vineyard of the Lord of Hosts is the house of Israel, and the people of Judah are the planting of His delight. He expected justice but saw bloodshed; He expected righteousness but heard cries of distress.
• Isa 33:15 : 15 The one who walks in righteousness, speaks what is right, rejects gain from extortion, shakes his hands to refuse bribes, stops his ears from hearing of bloodshed, and shuts his eyes from looking at evil.
• Isa 58:6-9 : 6 Is this not the kind of fasting I have chosen: to loosen the chains of injustice, to untie the cords of the yoke, to set the oppressed free, and to break every yoke? 7 Is it not to share your bread with the hungry and to bring the homeless poor into your house? When you see the naked, clothe them, and do not hide yourself from your own flesh and blood. 8 Then your light will break forth like the dawn, and your healing will quickly appear. Your righteousness will go before you, and the glory of the Lord will be your rear guard. 9 Then you will call, and the Lord will answer; you will cry for help, and he will say: 'Here I am.' If you remove the yoke from among you, the pointing finger, and malicious talk. 10 If you offer yourself to the hungry and satisfy the needs of the afflicted, then your light will rise in the darkness, and your night will become like noonday. 11 The Lord will guide you continually, and he will satisfy your soul in parched places and strengthen your bones. You will be like a well-watered garden, like a spring whose waters never fail.
• Isa 59:6-7 : 6 Their webs will not become clothing, and they cannot cover themselves with their works. Their deeds are works of iniquity, and acts of violence are in their hands. 7 Their feet run to do evil, and they are quick to shed innocent blood. Their thoughts are sinful; ruin and destruction are in their paths.
• Jer 7:6-7 : 6 if you do not oppress the foreigner, the fatherless, or the widow, and do not shed innocent blood in this place, or follow other gods, bringing harm upon yourselves, 7 then I will let you live in this place, in the land I gave your ancestors forever and ever.
• Jer 22:3 : 3 This is what the LORD says: Practice justice and righteousness. Rescue the one who has been robbed from the hand of the oppressor. Do not mistreat or harm the foreigner, the fatherless, or the widow. Do not shed innocent blood in this place.
• Jer 22:16-17 : 16 He defended the cause of the poor and needy, and it was well with him. Is this not what it means to know me? declares the LORD. 17 But your eyes and heart are set only on your dishonest gain, on shedding innocent blood, and on oppression and violence.
• Ezek 7:23 : 23 Prepare chains, for the land is full of bloodshed, and the city is full of violence.
• Amos 2:6 : 6 This is what the LORD says: 'For three transgressions of Israel, and for four, I will not revoke the punishment, because they sell the righteous for silver, and the needy for a pair of sandals.'