Verse 4

{ "verseID": "Ezekiel.1.4", "source": "וָאֵ֡רֶא וְהִנֵּה֩ ר֨וּחַ סְעָרָ֜ה בָּאָ֣ה מִן־הַצָּפ֗וֹן עָנָ֤ן גָּדוֹל֙ וְאֵ֣שׁ מִתְלַקַּ֔חַת וְנֹ֥גַֽהּ ל֖וֹ סָבִ֑יב וּמִ֨תּוֹכָ֔הּ כְּעֵ֥ין הַחַשְׁמַ֖ל מִתּ֥וֹךְ הָאֵֽשׁ׃", "text": "*wā-ʾēreʾ wə-hinnê rûaḥ səʿārâ bāʾâ min-ha-ṣāpôn ʿānān gādôl wə-ʾēš mitlaqqaḥat wə-nōgah* to-him *sābîb û-mittôkāh kə-ʿên ha-ḥašmal mittôk hā-ʾēš*", "grammar": { "*wā-ʾēreʾ*": "conjunction + qal imperfect 1st person singular - and I saw/looked", "*wə-hinnê*": "conjunction + demonstrative particle - and behold", "*rûaḥ səʿārâ*": "feminine singular noun + feminine singular noun - wind of storm/stormy wind", "*bāʾâ*": "qal participle feminine singular - coming", "*min-ha-ṣāpôn*": "preposition + definite article + masculine singular noun - from the north", "*ʿānān gādôl*": "masculine singular noun + masculine singular adjective - great cloud", "*wə-ʾēš mitlaqqaḥat*": "conjunction + feminine singular noun + hitpael participle feminine singular - and fire taking hold of itself/self-consuming", "*wə-nōgah*": "conjunction + masculine singular noun - and brightness/radiance", "*sābîb*": "adverb - around/surrounding", "*û-mittôkāh*": "conjunction + preposition + 3rd feminine singular suffix - and from its midst", "*kə-ʿên*": "preposition + construct form - like the appearance of", "*ha-ḥašmal*": "definite article + masculine singular noun - the amber/electrum/gleaming metal", "*mittôk*": "preposition + masculine singular construct - from the midst of", "*hā-ʾēš*": "definite article + feminine singular noun - the fire" }, "variants": { "*rûaḥ səʿārâ*": "stormy wind/tempest/whirlwind", "*ṣāpôn*": "north/northern regions [in ANE mythology, often associated with divine dwelling]", "*mitlaqqaḥat*": "taking hold of itself/flashing/consuming itself", "*ḥašmal*": "amber/electrum/gleaming alloy/polished bronze [exact meaning uncertain]" } }

Other Translations

• GT, oversatt fra Hebraisk

  Jeg så, og se, en stormvind fra nord, en stor sky med flammende ild og et strålende lys rundt seg. Og fra dens midte kom det noe som lignet glødende metall fra ilden.

• Moderne oversettelse av Bibelen fra 1611 KJV med hebraisk kontekst

  Da så jeg, og se, en stormvind kom fra nord, en stor sky med en omkransede ild, og en glans rundt den, og fra midten som fargen av rav, midt i ilden.

• Norsk King James

  Og jeg så, og se, en virvel kom fra nord, en stor sky, og en ild som foldet seg inn i seg selv, og det var lys omkring den; fra midten av den var det som fargen av rav, ut fra midten av ilden.

• Modernisert Norsk Bibel 1866

  Og jeg så, og se, det kom en stormvind fra nord, en stor sky med ild som lyste rundt omkring, og det var en glans rundt den; og midt i skyen var det som fargen av det reneste kobber, midt ute i ilden.

• Oversettelse av hebraiske Bibeltekster til moderne norsk bokmål

  Jeg så, og se, en stormvind kom fra nord, en stor sky med ild som lyste, og rundt om den var en stråleglans. Fra midten av skyen, som midt i en ild, var det noe som liknet på glødende metall.

• Bibelen: En Moderne Oversettelse av King James Version 1611

  Jeg så, og se, en stormvind kom fra nord, en stor sky, og en ild som foldet seg, og en lysglans rundt den, og midt i den, som fargen av rav, midt i ilden.

• o3-mini KJV Norsk

  Jeg så, og se, en virvelvind kom fra nord, en stor sky, og en ild som omsluttet seg, med en strålende glans rundt seg; og midt i den lignet det på fargen til rav, som om det kom fra flammenes indre.

• En Moderne Oversettelse av King James Version 1611 (mar 2025)

  Jeg så, og se, en stormvind kom fra nord, en stor sky, og en ild som foldet seg, og en lysglans rundt den, og midt i den, som fargen av rav, midt i ilden.

• Lingvistisk bibeloversettelse fra grunntekst

  Jeg så, og se, en stormvind kom fra nord, en stor sky med en flammende ild og et strålende lys rundt den, og fra midten noe som skinte som det fineste metall, midt i ilden.

• Linguistic Bible Translation from Source Texts

  I looked, and there was a stormy wind coming from the north, a great cloud with flashing fire inside it and a bright light surrounding it. From within the fire there was something that gleamed like amber.

• GT, oversatt fra hebraisk Aug2024

  Jeg så, og se, en stormvind kom fra nord, en stor sky med ild som flammet opp, og en glans var rundt den. Fra midten av ilden kom noe som så ut som skinnende metall.

• Original Norsk Bibel 1866

  Og jeg saae, og see, der kom et Stormveir af Norden, en stor Sky og Ild, som slog sig omkring, og en Glands var hos den trindt omkring; og midt udaf den var som Farven af (det reneste) Kobber, midt udaf Ilden.

• King James Version 1769 (Standard Version)

  And I looked, and, behold, a whirlwind came out of the north, a great cloud, and a fire infolding itself, and a brightness was about it, and out of the midst thereof as the colour of amber, out of the midst of the fire.

• KJV 1769 norsk

  Jeg så, og se, en stormvind kom fra nord, en stor sky og en ild som svevde omkring, og det var lys rundt den. Fra midten av den, som utseendet av rav, kom ut av midten av ilden.

• KJV1611 - Moderne engelsk

  And I looked, and behold, a whirlwind came out of the north, a great cloud, and a fire enfolding itself, and brightness was about it, and out of its midst was as the color of amber, out of the midst of the fire.

• King James Version 1611 (Original)

  And I looked, and, behold, a whirlwind came out of the north, a great cloud, and a fire infolding itself, and a brightness was about it, and out of the midst thereof as the colour of amber, out of the midst of the fire.

• Norsk oversettelse av Webster

  Jeg så, og se, en stormfull vind kom fra nord, en stor sky med lynende ild, og en glans omkring den, og ut av midten som glødende metall, ut av midten av ilden.

• Norsk oversettelse av Youngs Literal Translation

  Jeg så, og se, en storm fra nord kom, en stor sky og ild som flammet omkring, og det var en lysglans rundt den, og inni skyen var det noe som så ut som glødende bronse.

• Norsk oversettelse av ASV1901

  Jeg så en stormfull vind som kom fra nord, en stor sky med ild som lyste opp, og rundt den var det et lysglans; og midt i ilden var det noe som så ut som glødende metall.

• Norsk oversettelse av BBE

  Da så jeg en stormvind komme fra nord, en stor sky med en ild som flakket, med et klart lys rundt seg, og innenfor noe i midten med fargen som blank rav.

• Coverdale Bible (1535)

  And I loked: & beholde, a stormy wynde came out off the north with a greate cloude full of fyre, which wt his glistre lightened all rounde aboute. And in ye myddest off the fyre it was all cleare,

• Geneva Bible (1560)

  And I looked, and beholde, a whirlewinde came out of the North, a great cloude and a fire wrapped about it, and a brightnesse was about it, and in the middes thereof, to wit, in the middes of the fire came out as the likenesse of amber.

• Bishops' Bible (1568)

  And I looked, and beholde a stormie wind came out of the north, a great cloude, and a fire folding it selfe in the cloude and a brightnes rounde about it, and foorth of the middes therof as the colour of amber out of the middes of the fire.

• Authorized King James Version (1611)

  ¶ And I looked, and, behold, a whirlwind came out of the north, a great cloud, and a fire infolding itself, and a brightness [was] about it, and out of the midst thereof as the colour of amber, out of the midst of the fire.

• Webster's Bible (1833)

  I looked, and, behold, a stormy wind came out of the north, a great cloud, with flashing lightning, and a brightness round about it, and out of the midst of it as it were glowing metal, out of the midst of the fire.

• Young's Literal Translation (1862/1898)

  And I look, and lo, a tempestuous wind is coming from the north, a great cloud, and fire catching itself, and brightness to it round about, and out of its midst as the colour of copper, out of the midst of the fire.

• American Standard Version (1901)

  And I looked, and, behold, a stormy wind came out of the north, a great cloud, with a fire infolding itself, and a brightness round about it, and out of the midst thereof as it were glowing metal, out of the midst of the fire.

• Bible in Basic English (1941)

  And, looking, I saw a storm-wind coming out of the north, a great cloud with flames of fire coming after one another, and a bright light shining round about it and in the heart of it was something coloured like electrum.

• World English Bible (2000)

  I looked, and behold, a stormy wind came out of the north, a great cloud, with flashing lightning, and a brightness around it, and out of its midst as it were glowing metal, out of the midst of the fire.

• NET Bible® (New English Translation)

  As I watched, I noticed a windstorm coming from the north– an enormous cloud, with lightning flashing, such that bright light rimmed it and came from it like glowing amber from the middle of a fire.

Referenced Verses

• Ezek 1:27 : 27 { "verseID": "Ezekiel.1.27", "source": "וָאֵ֣רֶא ׀ כְּעֵ֣ין חַשְׁמַ֗ל כְּמַרְאֵה־אֵ֤שׁ בֵּֽית־לָהּ֙ סָבִ֔יב מִמַּרְאֵ֥ה מָתְנָ֖יו וּלְמָ֑עְלָה וּמִמַּרְאֵ֤ה מָתְנָיו֙ וּלְמַ֔טָּה רָאִ֙יתִי֙ כְּמַרְאֵה־אֵ֔שׁ וְנֹ֥גַֽהּ ל֖וֹ סָבִֽיב׃", "text": "*wā-ʾēreʾ kə-ʿên ḥašmal kə-marʾêh-ʾēš bêt-lāh sābîb mi-marʾêh mātnāw û-ləmāʿəlâ û-mi-marʾêh mātnāyw û-ləmaṭṭâ rāʾîtî kə-marʾêh-ʾēš wə-nōgah lô sābîb*", "grammar": { "*wā-ʾēreʾ*": "conjunction + qal imperfect 1st person singular - and I saw", "*kə-ʿên*": "preposition + construct form - like the appearance of", "*ḥašmal*": "masculine singular noun - amber/electrum/gleaming metal", "*kə-marʾêh-ʾēš*": "preposition + masculine singular construct + feminine singular noun - like appearance of fire", "*bêt-lāh*": "masculine singular noun + preposition + 3rd feminine singular suffix - house to it/enclosure for it", "*sābîb*": "adverb - around/surrounding", "*mi-marʾêh*": "preposition + masculine singular construct - from appearance of", "*mātnāw*": "masculine dual noun + 3rd masculine singular suffix - his loins/waist", "*û-ləmāʿəlâ*": "conjunction + preposition + adverb - and upward", "*û-mi-marʾêh*": "conjunction + preposition + masculine singular construct - and from appearance of", "*mātnāyw*": "masculine dual noun + 3rd masculine singular suffix - his loins/waist", "*û-ləmaṭṭâ*": "conjunction + preposition + adverb - and downward", "*rāʾîtî*": "qal perfect 1st person singular - I saw", "*kə-marʾêh-ʾēš*": "preposition + masculine singular construct + feminine singular noun - like appearance of fire", "*wə-nōgah*": "conjunction + masculine singular noun - and brightness", "*lô*": "preposition + 3rd masculine singular suffix - to him/it", "*sābîb*": "adverb - around/surrounding" }, "variants": { "*ḥašmal*": "amber/electrum/gleaming alloy/polished bronze [exact meaning uncertain]", "*bêt-lāh*": "house to it/enclosure for it [meaning uncertain, possibly describing fire as enclosed]", "*mātnāw*": "his loins/his waist/his middle" } }
• Ezek 8:2 : 2 { "verseID": "Ezekiel.8.2", "source": "וָאֶרְאֶ֗ה וְהִנֵּ֤ה דְמוּת֙ כְּמַרְאֵה־אֵ֔שׁ מִמַּרְאֵ֥ה מָתְנָ֛יו וּלְמַ֖טָּה אֵ֑שׁ וּמִמָּתְנָ֣יו וּלְמַ֔עְלָה כְּמַרְאֵה־זֹ֖הַר כְּעֵ֥ין הַחַשְׁמַֽלָה׃", "text": "And *wāʾerʾeh* and *hinnēh* *dəmût* like *marʾēh*-*ʾēš*, from *marʾēh* *motnāyw* and to *maṭṭâ* *ʾēš*; and from *motnāyw* and to *maʿlâ* like *marʾēh*-*zōhar* like *ʿên* the *ḥašmalâ*.", "grammar": { "*wāʾerʾeh*": "waw-consecutive with 1st person singular qal imperfect - and I saw", "*hinnēh*": "demonstrative particle - behold/look", "*dəmût*": "feminine singular construct noun - likeness/form of", "*marʾēh*": "masculine singular construct noun - appearance of", "*ʾēš*": "feminine singular noun - fire", "*motnāyw*": "masculine dual noun with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his loins/waist", "*maṭṭâ*": "adverb - downward/below", "*maʿlâ*": "adverb - upward/above", "*zōhar*": "masculine singular noun - brightness/radiance", "*ʿên*": "feminine singular construct noun - eye/appearance of", "*ḥašmalâ*": "feminine singular noun with definite article - amber/electrum/gleaming bronze" }, "variants": { "*dəmût*": "likeness/form/figure/shape", "*marʾēh*": "appearance/vision/sight", "*motnāyw*": "his loins/waist/hips", "*zōhar*": "brightness/radiance/glowing", "*ḥašmalâ*": "amber/electrum/gleaming bronze/shining metal" } }
• Jer 23:19 : 19 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.23.19", "source": "הִנֵּ֣ה ׀ סַעֲרַ֣ת יְהוָ֗ה חֵמָה֙ יָֽצְאָ֔ה וְסַ֖עַר מִתְחוֹלֵ֑ל עַ֛ל רֹ֥אשׁ רְשָׁעִ֖ים יָחֽוּל׃", "text": "*Hinnēh* *saʿărat* *YHWH* *ḥēmâ* *yāṣəʾâ*, and-*saʿar* *mitḥôlēl*; upon *rōʾš* *rəšāʿîm* *yāḥûl*.", "grammar": { "*Hinnēh*": "interjection - behold/look", "*saʿărat*": "noun, feminine singular construct - tempest/storm of", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - LORD/Yahweh", "*ḥēmâ*": "noun, feminine singular - wrath/fury", "*yāṣəʾâ*": "qal perfect, 3rd feminine singular - has gone forth", "*saʿar*": "noun, masculine singular - whirlwind/storm", "*mitḥôlēl*": "hithpolel participle, masculine singular - swirling/whirling", "*rōʾš*": "noun, masculine singular construct - head of", "*rəšāʿîm*": "adjective, masculine plural - wicked ones", "*yāḥûl*": "qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - it will whirl/swirl" }, "variants": { "*saʿărat*": "tempest/storm/whirlwind", "*ḥēmâ*": "wrath/fury/rage/poison", "*mitḥôlēl*": "swirling/whirling/writhing", "*rəšāʿîm*": "wicked ones/criminals/guilty ones" } }
• Jer 25:32 : 32 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.25.32", "source": "כֹּ֤ה אָמַר֙ יְהוָ֣ה צְבָא֔וֹת הִנֵּ֥ה רָעָ֛ה יֹצֵ֖את מִגּ֣וֹי אֶל־גּ֑וֹי וְסַ֣עַר גָּד֔וֹל יֵע֖וֹר מִיַּרְכְּתֵי־אָֽרֶץ׃", "text": "Thus *ʾāmar* *YHWH* *ṣəbāʾôt* *hinnēh* *rāʿāh* *yōṣēʾt* from-*gôy* to-*gôy* and-*saʿar* *gādôl* *yēʿôr* from-*yarkətê*-*ʾāreṣ*.", "grammar": { "*ʾāmar*": "verb, qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - has said", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - divine name", "*ṣəbāʾôt*": "noun, feminine plural - hosts/armies", "*hinnēh*": "interjection - behold", "*rāʿāh*": "noun, feminine singular - evil/disaster", "*yōṣēʾt*": "verb, qal participle, feminine singular - going out/proceeding", "*gôy*": "noun, masculine singular - nation", "*saʿar*": "noun, masculine singular - tempest/storm", "*gādôl*": "adjective, masculine singular - great", "*yēʿôr*": "verb, niphal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - will be aroused/awakened", "*yarkətê*": "noun, feminine plural construct - remote parts of/sides of", "*ʾāreṣ*": "noun, feminine singular - earth/land" }, "variants": { "*ṣəbāʾôt*": "hosts/armies/multitudes", "*rāʿāh*": "evil/disaster/calamity/distress", "*yōṣēʾt*": "going out/proceeding/emerging", "*saʿar*": "tempest/storm/whirlwind", "*yēʿôr*": "will be aroused/awakened/stirred up", "*yarkətê*": "remote parts/sides/farthest regions" } }
• Isa 21:1 : 1 { "verseID": "Isaiah.21.1", "source": "מַשָּׂ֖א מִדְבַּר־יָ֑ם כְּסוּפ֤וֹת בַּנֶּ֙גֶב֙ לַֽחֲלֹ֔ף מִמִּדְבָּ֣ר בָּ֔א מֵאֶ֖רֶץ נוֹרָאָֽה׃", "text": "*maśśā* *midbar*-*yām* like *sūpōt* in *neḡeb* to *ḥalōp* from *midbār* *bā'* from *'ereṣ* *nōrā'āh*", "grammar": { "*maśśā*": "construct noun, masculine singular - burden/oracle/prophecy", "*midbar*": "construct noun, masculine singular - wilderness/desert", "*yām*": "noun, masculine singular - sea", "*sūpōt*": "noun, feminine plural - storms/whirlwinds", "*neḡeb*": "noun with definite article, masculine singular - south/Negev region", "*ḥalōp*": "infinitive construct with prefix lamed - to pass through/sweep through", "*midbār*": "noun, masculine singular with prefix min - from wilderness/desert", "*bā'*": "verb, qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - comes/is coming", "*'ereṣ*": "noun, feminine singular with prefix min - from land", "*nōrā'āh*": "adjective, feminine singular - terrible/dreadful/feared" }, "variants": { "*maśśā*": "burden/oracle/utterance/prophecy", "*midbar-yām*": "desert of the sea/wilderness by the sea", "*ḥalōp*": "to pass through/to sweep through/to change", "*nōrā'āh*": "terrible/dreadful/feared/awesome" } }
• Jer 1:13-14 : 13 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.1.13", "source": "וַיְהִ֨י דְבַר־יְהוָ֤ה ׀ אֵלַי֙ שֵׁנִ֣ית לֵאמֹ֔ר מָ֥ה אַתָּ֖ה רֹאֶ֑ה וָאֹמַ֗ר סִ֤יר נָפ֙וּחַ֙ אֲנִ֣י רֹאֶ֔ה וּפָנָ֖יו מִפְּנֵ֥י צָפֽוֹנָה׃", "text": "*wa-yĕhî* *dĕbar*-*YHWH* *ʾēlay* *šēnît* *lēʾmōr* what-*ʾattāh* *rōʾeh* *wā-ʾōmar* *sîr* *nāpûaḥ* *ʾănî* *rōʾeh* and-*pānāyw* from-*pĕnê* *ṣāpônāh*", "grammar": { "*wa-yĕhî*": "waw-consecutive with Qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and it was/came", "*dĕbar*": "construct singular - word of", "*YHWH*": "divine name - Yahweh/LORD", "*ʾēlay*": "preposition with 1st person singular suffix - to me", "*šēnît*": "ordinal number feminine singular - second time", "*lēʾmōr*": "Qal infinitive construct - saying", "*ʾattāh*": "2nd person masculine singular independent pronoun - you", "*rōʾeh*": "Qal participle masculine singular - seeing", "*wā-ʾōmar*": "waw-consecutive with Qal imperfect 1st singular - and I said", "*sîr*": "singular noun - pot/caldron", "*nāpûaḥ*": "Qal passive participle masculine singular - boiling/blown upon", "*ʾănî*": "1st person singular independent pronoun - I", "*pānāyw*": "plural noun with 3rd masculine singular suffix - its face/front", "*pĕnê*": "construct plural - face/direction of", "*ṣāpônāh*": "singular noun with directional he - northward" }, "variants": { "*sîr*": "pot/caldron/vessel", "*nāpûaḥ*": "boiling/blown upon/heated", "*pānāyw* from-*pĕnê* *ṣāpônāh*": "its face from the direction of the north/its opening tilted away from the north" } } 14 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.1.14", "source": "וַיֹּ֥אמֶר יְהוָ֖ה אֵלָ֑י מִצָּפוֹן֙ תִּפָּתַ֣ח הָרָעָ֔ה עַ֥ל כָּל־יֹשְׁבֵ֖י הָאָֽרֶץ׃", "text": "*wa-yōʾmer* *YHWH* *ʾēlāy* from-*ṣāpôn* *tippātaḥ* *hā-rāʿāh* upon all-*yōšĕbê* *hā-ʾāreṣ*", "grammar": { "*wa-yōʾmer*": "waw-consecutive with Qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and he said", "*YHWH*": "divine name - Yahweh/LORD", "*ʾēlāy*": "preposition with 1st person singular suffix - to me", "*ṣāpôn*": "singular noun - north", "*tippātaḥ*": "Niphal imperfect 3rd feminine singular - will be opened/will break forth", "*hā-rāʿāh*": "definite article + feminine singular noun - the evil/disaster", "*yōšĕbê*": "Qal participle masculine plural construct - dwellers/inhabitants of", "*hā-ʾāreṣ*": "definite article + feminine singular noun - the land/earth" }, "variants": { "*tippātaḥ*": "will be opened/will break forth/will be let loose", "*hā-rāʿāh*": "the evil/the disaster/the calamity", "*hā-ʾāreṣ*": "the land/the earth/the country/the territory" } }
• Jer 4:6 : 6 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.4.6", "source": "שְׂאוּ־נֵ֣ס צִיּ֔וֹנָה הָעִ֖יזוּ אַֽל־תַּעֲמֹ֑דוּ כִּ֣י רָעָ֗ה אָנֹכִ֛י מֵבִ֥יא מִצָּפ֖וֹן וְשֶׁ֥בֶר גָּדֽוֹל׃", "text": "*Śəʾû* *nēs* *Ṣiyyônāh*, *hāʿîzû* not *taʿămōdû*; for *rāʿāh* *ʾānōḵî* *mēbîʾ* from *ṣāpôn* and *šeber* *gādôl*", "grammar": { "*Śəʾû*": "qal imperative, masculine plural - lift up/raise", "*nēs*": "masculine singular noun - standard/banner/signal", "*Ṣiyyônāh*": "proper noun with directional he - toward Zion", "*hāʿîzû*": "hiphil imperative, masculine plural - take refuge/seek safety", "*taʿămōdû*": "qal imperfect, 2nd masculine plural - you will stand", "*rāʿāh*": "feminine singular noun - evil/disaster", "*ʾānōḵî*": "1st person singular independent pronoun - I", "*mēbîʾ*": "hiphil participle, masculine singular - bringing/causing to come", "*ṣāpôn*": "masculine singular noun - north", "*šeber*": "masculine singular noun - breaking/destruction", "*gādôl*": "masculine singular adjective - great/large" }, "variants": { "*Śəʾû*": "lift up/raise/carry", "*nēs*": "standard/banner/signal flag", "*Ṣiyyônāh*": "toward Zion/to Zion", "*hāʿîzû*": "take refuge/seek safety/hasten", "*taʿămōdû*": "stand/delay/remain", "*rāʿāh*": "evil/disaster/calamity", "*mēbîʾ*": "bringing/causing to come/about to bring", "*ṣāpôn*": "north/northern regions", "*šeber*": "breaking/destruction/fracture", "*gādôl*": "great/large/mighty" } }
• Jer 6:1 : 1 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.6.1", "source": "הָעִ֣זוּ ׀ בְּנֵ֣י בִנָימִ֗ן מִקֶּ֙רֶב֙ יְר֣וּשָׁלִַ֔ם וּבִתְק֙וֹעַ֙ תִּקְע֣וּ שׁוֹפָ֔ר וְעַל־בֵּ֥ית הַכֶּ֖רֶם שְׂא֣וּ מַשְׂאֵ֑ת כִּ֥י רָעָ֛ה נִשְׁקְפָ֥ה מִצָּפ֖וֹן וְשֶׁ֥בֶר גָּדֽוֹל׃", "text": "*hāʿizzû* sons of *binyāmīn* from *qereb* *yərûšālaim* and in-*təqôaʿ* *tiqʿû* *šôpār* and upon-house of-the-*kerem* *śəʾû* *maśʾēt* because *rāʿāh* *nišqəpāh* from-*ṣāpôn* and-*šeber* *gādôl*.", "grammar": { "*hāʿizzû*": "imperative, masculine plural - strengthen yourselves/flee for safety", "*binyāmīn*": "proper noun - Benjamin (tribe)", "*qereb*": "construct noun - midst/middle", "*yərûšālaim*": "proper noun - Jerusalem", "*təqôaʿ*": "proper noun - Tekoa (town)", "*tiqʿû*": "imperative, masculine plural - blow", "*šôpār*": "noun, masculine singular - ram's horn/trumpet", "*kerem*": "noun, masculine singular construct - vineyard", "*śəʾû*": "imperative, masculine plural - lift up/raise", "*maśʾēt*": "noun, feminine singular - signal/fire signal", "*rāʿāh*": "noun, feminine singular - evil/disaster", "*nišqəpāh*": "niphal perfect, 3rd feminine singular - looks down/appears", "*ṣāpôn*": "noun, masculine singular - north", "*šeber*": "noun, masculine singular - breaking/destruction", "*gādôl*": "adjective, masculine singular - great/large" }, "variants": { "*hāʿizzû*": "take refuge/flee quickly/strengthen yourselves", "*qereb*": "midst/interior/inner part", "*rāʿāh*": "evil/disaster/calamity/misfortune", "*nišqəpāh*": "looks down/appears/is visible", "*šeber*": "breaking/destruction/ruin/fracture" } }
• Jer 25:9 : 9 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.25.9", "source": "הִנְנִ֣י שֹׁלֵ֡חַ וְלָקַחְתִּי֩ אֶת־כָּל־מִשְׁפְּח֨וֹת צָפ֜וֹן נְאֻם־יְהוָ֗ה וְאֶל־נְבֽוּכַדְרֶאצַּ֣ר מֶֽלֶךְ־בָּבֶל֮ עַבְדִּי֒ וַהֲבִ֨אֹתִ֜ים עַל־הָאָ֤רֶץ הַזֹּאת֙ וְעַל־יֹ֣שְׁבֶ֔יהָ וְעַ֛ל כָּל־הַגּוֹיִ֥ם הָאֵ֖לֶּה סָבִ֑יב וְהַ֣חֲרַמְתִּ֔ים וְשַׂמְתִּים֙ לְשַׁמָּ֣ה וְלִשְׁרֵקָ֔ה וּלְחָרְב֖וֹת עוֹלָֽם׃", "text": "Behold me *šōlēaḥ* and *lāqaḥtî* *ʾet* all *mišpĕḥôt* of *ṣāpôn* *nĕʾum*-*YHWH*, and unto *Nĕbûkadreʾṣṣar* *melek*-*Bābel* my *ʿabdî*, and *wahăbîʾōtîm* upon the *ʾāreṣ* the this and upon *yōšĕbêhā* and upon all the *gôyîm* the these around, and *haḥăramtîm* and *śamtîm* for *šammāh* and for *šĕrēqāh* and for *ḥārbôt* *ʿôlām*.", "grammar": { "*šōlēaḥ*": "verb, qal participle, masculine singular - sending", "*lāqaḥtî*": "verb, qal perfect, 1st singular - I will take", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*mišpĕḥôt*": "noun, feminine, plural construct - families/clans", "*ṣāpôn*": "noun, masculine, singular - north", "*nĕʾum*": "noun, masculine, singular construct - declaration of", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - LORD/Yahweh", "*Nĕbûkadreʾṣṣar*": "proper noun - Nebuchadnezzar", "*melek*": "noun, masculine, singular construct - king", "*Bābel*": "proper noun - Babylon", "*ʿabdî*": "noun, masculine, singular construct + 1st singular suffix - my servant", "*wahăbîʾōtîm*": "conjunction + verb, hiphil perfect, 1st singular + 3rd plural suffix - and I will bring them", "*ʾāreṣ*": "noun, feminine, singular - land/earth", "*yōšĕbêhā*": "verb participle, qal active, masculine plural construct + 3rd feminine singular suffix - her inhabitants", "*gôyîm*": "noun, masculine, plural - nations", "*haḥăramtîm*": "verb, hiphil perfect, 1st singular + 3rd plural suffix - I will utterly destroy them", "*śamtîm*": "verb, qal perfect, 1st singular + 3rd plural suffix - I will make them", "*šammāh*": "noun, feminine, singular - horror/appalment", "*šĕrēqāh*": "noun, feminine, singular - hissing/derision", "*ḥārbôt*": "noun, feminine, plural construct - ruins/wastes", "*ʿôlām*": "noun, masculine, singular - forever/eternity" }, "variants": { "*šōlēaḥ*": "sending/dispatching", "*lāqaḥtî*": "I will take/fetch/receive", "*mišpĕḥôt*": "families/clans/tribes", "*ṣāpôn*": "north/northern region", "*nĕʾum*": "declaration/oracle/utterance", "*ʿabdî*": "my servant/slave", "*wahăbîʾōtîm*": "and I will bring them/lead them", "*haḥăramtîm*": "I will utterly destroy them/devote them to destruction", "*śamtîm*": "I will make them/set them/place them", "*šammāh*": "horror/appalment/astonishment", "*šĕrēqāh*": "hissing/derision/mockery", "*ḥārbôt*": "ruins/wastes/desolation", "*ʿôlām*": "forever/perpetuity/ancient time" } }
• Ezek 10:2-4 : 2 { "verseID": "Ezekiel.10.2", "source": "וַיֹּ֜אמֶר אֶל־הָאִ֣ישׁ ׀ לְבֻ֣שׁ הַבַּדִּ֗ים וַיֹּ֡אמֶר בֹּא֩ אֶל־בֵּינ֨וֹת לַגַּלְגַּ֜ל אֶל־תַּ֣חַת לַכְּר֗וּב וּמַלֵּ֨א חָפְנֶ֤יךָ גַֽחֲלֵי־אֵשׁ֙ מִבֵּינ֣וֹת לַכְּרֻבִ֔ים וּזְרֹ֖ק עַל־הָעִ֑יר וַיָּבֹ֖א לְעֵינָֽי׃", "text": "And *wayyōʾmer* unto-the-*ʾîš* *ləbuš* the-*baddîm* and *wayyōʾmer* *bōʾ* unto-*bênôt* to-the-*galgal* unto-*taḥat* to-the-*kərûb* and-*mallēʾ* *ḥopneykā* *gaḥălê*-*ʾēš* from-*bênôt* to-the-*kərūbîm* and-*zərōq* upon-the-*ʿîr* and *wayyābōʾ* to-*ʿênāy*.", "grammar": { "*wayyōʾmer*": "3rd person masculine singular imperfect, with waw consecutive - and he said", "*ʾîš*": "masculine singular construct - man of", "*ləbuš*": "participle construct - clothed in/wearing", "*baddîm*": "masculine plural noun - linen garments", "*bōʾ*": "imperative masculine singular - go/come", "*bênôt*": "feminine plural construct - between/among", "*galgal*": "masculine singular noun with definite article - wheel/whirling", "*taḥat*": "preposition - beneath/under", "*kərûb*": "masculine singular noun - cherub", "*mallēʾ*": "imperative masculine singular piel - fill", "*ḥopneykā*": "masculine dual noun with 2nd person masculine singular suffix - your handfuls/fists", "*gaḥălê*-*ʾēš*": "construct chain - coals of fire", "*zərōq*": "imperative masculine singular - scatter/throw", "*ʿîr*": "feminine singular noun with definite article - the city", "*wayyābōʾ*": "3rd person masculine singular imperfect, with waw consecutive - and he came/went", "*ʿênāy*": "feminine dual noun with 1st person singular suffix - my eyes" }, "variants": { "*galgal*": "wheel/whirling thing/celestial sphere", "*bênôt*": "between/among/midst", "*zərōq*": "scatter/throw/sprinkle", "*ḥopneykā*": "your handfuls/the hollow of your hands" } } 3 { "verseID": "Ezekiel.10.3", "source": "וְהַכְּרֻבִ֗ים עֹֽמְדִ֛ים מִימִ֥ין לַבַּ֖יִת בְּבֹא֣וֹ הָאִ֑ישׁ וְהֶעָנָ֣ן מָלֵ֔א אֶת־הֶחָצֵ֖ר הַפְּנִימִֽית׃", "text": "And-the-*kərūbîm* *ʿōmədîm* from-*yāmîn* to-the-*bayit* in-*bōʾô* the-*ʾîš* and-the-*ʿānān* *mālēʾ* *ʾet*-the-*ḥāṣēr* the-*pənîmît*.", "grammar": { "*kərūbîm*": "masculine plural noun with definite article - the cherubim", "*ʿōmədîm*": "masculine plural qal participle - standing", "*yāmîn*": "feminine singular noun - right side", "*bayit*": "masculine singular noun with definite article - the house/temple", "*bōʾô*": "infinitive construct with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - when he entered", "*ʾîš*": "masculine singular noun with definite article - the man", "*ʿānān*": "masculine singular noun with definite article - the cloud", "*mālēʾ*": "masculine singular qal perfect - filled", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*ḥāṣēr*": "feminine singular noun with definite article - the court", "*pənîmît*": "feminine singular adjective with definite article - the inner" }, "variants": { "*yāmîn*": "right side/south", "*bayit*": "house/temple/dwelling", "*ʿānān*": "cloud/cloud mass" } } 4 { "verseID": "Ezekiel.10.4", "source": "וַיָּ֤רָם כְּבוֹד־יְהוָה֙ מֵעַ֣ל הַכְּר֔וּב עַ֖ל מִפְתַּ֣ן הַבָּ֑יִת וַיִמָּלֵ֤א הַבַּ֙יִת֙ אֶת־הֶ֣עָנָ֔ן וְהֶֽחָצֵר֙ מָֽלְאָ֔ה אֶת־נֹ֖גַהּ כְּב֥וֹד יְהוָֽה׃", "text": "And *wayyārām* *kəbôd*-*YHWH* from-upon the-*kərûb* upon *miptan* the-*bayit* and *wayyimmālēʾ* the-*bayit* *ʾet*-the-*ʿānān* and-the-*ḥāṣēr* *mālʾâ* *ʾet*-*nōgah* *kəbôd* *YHWH*.", "grammar": { "*wayyārām*": "3rd person masculine singular qal imperfect, with waw consecutive - and it rose up", "*kəbôd*": "masculine singular construct - glory of", "*YHWH*": "divine name - Yahweh/the LORD", "*kərûb*": "masculine singular noun with definite article - the cherub", "*miptan*": "masculine singular construct - threshold of", "*bayit*": "masculine singular noun with definite article - the house/temple", "*wayyimmālēʾ*": "3rd person masculine singular niphal imperfect, with waw consecutive - and it was filled", "*ʿānān*": "masculine singular noun with definite article - the cloud", "*ḥāṣēr*": "feminine singular noun with definite article - the court", "*mālʾâ*": "3rd person feminine singular qal perfect - was filled", "*nōgah*": "masculine singular construct - brightness of", "*kəbôd*": "masculine singular construct - glory of" }, "variants": { "*miptan*": "threshold/doorway", "*nōgah*": "brightness/radiance/light", "*kəbôd*": "glory/honor/splendor" } }
• Ezek 10:8-9 : 8 { "verseID": "Ezekiel.10.8", "source": "וַיֵּרָ֖א לַכְּרֻבִ֑ים תַּבְנִית֙ יַד־אָדָ֔ם תַּ֖חַת כַּנְפֵיהֶֽם׃", "text": "And *wayyērāʾ* to-the-*kərûbîm* *tabnît* *yad*-*ʾādām* *taḥat* *kanpêhem*.", "grammar": { "*wayyērāʾ*": "3rd person masculine singular niphal imperfect, with waw consecutive - and it appeared", "*kərûbîm*": "masculine plural noun with definite article - the cherubim", "*tabnît*": "feminine singular construct - form/structure of", "*yad*": "feminine singular construct - hand of", "*ʾādām*": "masculine singular noun - man/human", "*taḥat*": "preposition - under", "*kanpêhem*": "feminine plural noun with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - their wings" }, "variants": { "*tabnît*": "form/structure/pattern/image", "*ʾādām*": "man/human/mankind" } } 9 { "verseID": "Ezekiel.10.9", "source": "וָאֶרְאֶ֗ה וְהִנֵּ֨ה אַרְבָּעָ֣ה אוֹפַנִּים֮ אֵ֣צֶל הַכְּרוּבִים֒ אוֹפַ֣ן אֶחָ֗ד אֵ֚צֶל הַכְּר֣וּב אֶחָ֔ד וְאוֹפַ֣ן אֶחָ֔ד אֵ֖צֶל הַכְּר֣וּב אֶחָ֑ד וּמַרְאֵה֙ הָא֣וֹפַנִּ֔ים כְּעֵ֖ין אֶ֥בֶן תַּרְשִֽׁישׁ׃", "text": "And *wāʾerʾeh* and *hinnēh* *ʾarbāʿâ* *ʾôpannîm* *ʾēṣel* the-*kərûbîm* *ʾôpan* *ʾeḥād* *ʾēṣel* the-*kərûb* *ʾeḥād* and-*ʾôpan* *ʾeḥād* *ʾēṣel* the-*kərûb* *ʾeḥād* and-*marʾēh* the-*ʾôpannîm* like-*ʿên* *ʾeben* *taršîš*.", "grammar": { "*wāʾerʾeh*": "1st person singular imperfect, with waw consecutive - and I saw", "*hinnēh*": "demonstrative particle - behold", "*ʾarbāʿâ*": "cardinal number - four", "*ʾôpannîm*": "masculine plural noun - wheels", "*ʾēṣel*": "preposition - beside", "*kərûbîm*": "masculine plural noun with definite article - the cherubim", "*ʾôpan*": "masculine singular noun - wheel", "*ʾeḥād*": "cardinal number - one", "*kərûb*": "masculine singular noun with definite article - the cherub", "*marʾēh*": "masculine singular construct - appearance of", "*ʾôpannîm*": "masculine plural noun with definite article - the wheels", "*ʿên*": "feminine singular construct - eye/appearance of", "*ʾeben*": "feminine singular construct - stone of", "*taršîš*": "proper noun - tarshish (beryl/chrysolite)" }, "variants": { "*ʾēṣel*": "beside/near", "*marʾēh*": "appearance/vision/sight", "*taršîš*": "beryl/chrysolite/yellow jasper" } }
• Nah 1:3-6 : 3 { "verseID": "Nahum.1.3", "source": "יְהֹוָ֗ה אֶ֤רֶךְ אַפַּ֙יִם֙ וּגְדָל־כֹּ֔חַ וְנַקֵּ֖ה לֹ֣א יְנַקֶּ֑ה יְהוָ֗ה בְּסוּפָ֤ה וּבִשְׂעָרָה֙ דַּרְכּ֔וֹ וְעָנָ֖ן אֲבַ֥ק רַגְלָֽיו׃", "text": "*YHWH* *ʾerek* *ʾappayim* *û-gədōl-kōaḥ* *wə-naqqēh* *lōʾ* *yənaqqeh* *YHWH* *bə-sûpāh* *û-biśʿārāh* *darkô* *wə-ʿānān* *ʾăbaq* *raglāyw*", "grammar": { "*YHWH*": "proper noun, divine name", "*ʾerek*": "construct state, masculine, singular - long/slow of", "*ʾappayim*": "dual form, nostrils/anger - anger/wrath", "*û-gədōl*": "conjunction + adjective, masculine, singular - and great of", "*kōaḥ*": "absolute state, masculine, singular - strength/power", "*wə-naqqēh*": "conjunction + Piel infinitive absolute - and clearing/acquitting", "*lōʾ*": "negative particle - not", "*yənaqqeh*": "Piel imperfect, 3ms - he will clear/acquit", "*bə-sûpāh*": "preposition + noun, feminine, singular - in the whirlwind/storm", "*û-biśʿārāh*": "conjunction + preposition + noun, feminine, singular - and in the tempest", "*darkô*": "noun + 3ms suffix - his way", "*wə-ʿānān*": "conjunction + noun, masculine, singular - and cloud", "*ʾăbaq*": "construct state, masculine, singular - dust of", "*raglāyw*": "noun, dual + 3ms suffix - his feet" }, "variants": { "*ʾerek* *ʾappayim*": "slow to anger/patient/longsuffering", "*gədōl-kōaḥ*": "great in power/mighty in strength", "*naqqēh* *lōʾ* *yənaqqeh*": "will by no means clear the guilty/will surely not acquit/will certainly not leave unpunished", "*sûpāh*": "whirlwind/storm/tempest", "*śʿārāh*": "tempest/storm/whirlwind", "*ʾăbaq*": "dust/powder/fine particles" } } 4 { "verseID": "Nahum.1.4", "source": "גּוֹעֵ֤ר בַּיָּם֙ וַֽיַּבְּשֵׁ֔הוּ וְכָל־הַנְּהָר֖וֹת הֶֽחֱרִ֑יב אֻמְלַ֤ל בָּשָׁן֙ וְכַרְמֶ֔ל וּפֶ֥רַח לְבָנ֖וֹן אֻמְלָֽל׃", "text": "*Gôʿēr* *ba-yyām* *wa-yyabbəšēhû* *wə-kol-hannəhārôt* *heḥĕrîb* *ʾumlal* *Bāšān* *wə-Karmel* *û-peraḥ* *Ləbānôn* *ʾumlāl*", "grammar": { "*Gôʿēr*": "Qal participle, masculine, singular - rebuking", "*ba-yyām*": "preposition + article + noun, masculine, singular - in/at the sea", "*wa-yyabbəšēhû*": "conjunction + Piel imperfect, 3ms + 3ms suffix - and he dries it up", "*wə-kol*": "conjunction + noun, construct - and all of", "*hannəhārôt*": "article + noun, masculine, plural - the rivers", "*heḥĕrîb*": "Hiphil perfect, 3ms - he dried up/made desolate", "*ʾumlal*": "Pulal perfect, 3ms - it withers/languishes", "*Bāšān*": "proper noun, place name", "*wə-Karmel*": "conjunction + proper noun, place name", "*û-peraḥ*": "conjunction + noun, masculine, singular - and flower/blossom of", "*Ləbānôn*": "proper noun, place name", "*ʾumlāl*": "Pulal perfect, 3ms - it withers/languishes" }, "variants": { "*Gôʿēr*": "rebuking/reproving/threatening", "*yabbəšēhû*": "dries it up/makes it dry", "*heḥĕrîb*": "dried up/made desolate/destroyed", "*ʾumlal*": "withers/languishes/fades/becomes weak", "*peraḥ*": "flower/blossom/bloom" } } 5 { "verseID": "Nahum.1.5", "source": "הָרִים֙ רָעֲשׁ֣וּ מִמֶּ֔נּוּ וְהַגְּבָע֖וֹת הִתְמֹגָ֑גוּ וַתִּשָּׂ֤א הָאָ֙רֶץ֙ מִפָּנָ֔יו וְתֵבֵ֖ל וְכָל־יֹ֥שְׁבֵי בָֽהּ׃", "text": "*Hārîm* *rāʿăšû* *mimmennû* *wə-haggəbāʿôt* *hitmōgāgû* *wa-ttiśśāʾ* *hāʾāreṣ* *mippānāyw* *wə-tēbēl* *wə-kol-yōšəbê* *bāh*", "grammar": { "*Hārîm*": "noun, masculine, plural - mountains", "*rāʿăšû*": "Qal perfect, 3cp - they quake/tremble", "*mimmennû*": "preposition + 3ms suffix - from him", "*wə-haggəbāʿôt*": "conjunction + article + noun, feminine, plural - and the hills", "*hitmōgāgû*": "Hithpoel perfect, 3cp - they melt/dissolve", "*wa-ttiśśāʾ*": "conjunction + Qal imperfect, 3fs - and it lifts up/rises", "*hāʾāreṣ*": "article + noun, feminine, singular - the earth/land", "*mippānāyw*": "preposition + noun, plural + 3ms suffix - from his face/presence", "*wə-tēbēl*": "conjunction + noun, feminine, singular - and world/inhabited earth", "*wə-kol*": "conjunction + noun, construct - and all of", "*yōšəbê*": "Qal participle, masculine, plural, construct - dwellers of/inhabitants of", "*bāh*": "preposition + 3fs suffix - in it/her" }, "variants": { "*rāʿăšû*": "quake/tremble/shake", "*hitmōgāgû*": "melt/dissolve/flow down", "*tiśśāʾ*": "lifts up/rises/heaves", "*mippānāyw*": "from his face/presence/before him", "*tēbēl*": "world/inhabited part of earth/inhabited land" } } 6 { "verseID": "Nahum.1.6", "source": "לִפְנֵ֤י זַעְמוֹ֙ מִ֣י יַֽעֲמ֔וֹד וּמִ֥י יָק֖וּם בַּחֲר֣וֹן אַפּ֑וֹ חֲמָתוֹ֙ נִתְּכָ֣ה כָאֵ֔שׁ וְהַצֻּרִ֖ים נִתְּצ֥וּ מִמֶּֽנּוּ׃", "text": "*Lipnê* *zaʿmô* *mî* *yaʿămôd* *û-mî* *yāqûm* *ba-ḥărôn* *ʾappô* *ḥămātô* *nittəkāh* *kā-ʾēš* *wə-haṣṣurîm* *nittəṣû* *mimmennû*", "grammar": { "*Lipnê*": "preposition + noun, construct - before/in the face of", "*zaʿmô*": "noun, masculine, singular + 3ms suffix - his indignation/fury", "*mî*": "interrogative pronoun - who", "*yaʿămôd*": "Qal imperfect, 3ms - he will stand", "*û-mî*": "conjunction + interrogative pronoun - and who", "*yāqûm*": "Qal imperfect, 3ms - he will rise/stand", "*ba-ḥărôn*": "preposition + noun, masculine, singular, construct - in the burning of", "*ʾappô*": "noun, masculine, singular + 3ms suffix - his anger/nose", "*ḥămātô*": "noun, feminine, singular + 3ms suffix - his wrath/fury", "*nittəkāh*": "Niphal perfect, 3fs - is poured out", "*kā-ʾēš*": "preposition + noun, feminine, singular - like fire", "*wə-haṣṣurîm*": "conjunction + article + noun, masculine, plural - and the rocks", "*nittəṣû*": "Niphal perfect, 3cp - are broken down/torn down", "*mimmennû*": "preposition + 3ms suffix - from him/by him" }, "variants": { "*zaʿmô*": "indignation/fury/rage", "*yaʿămôd*": "stand/endure/withstand", "*yāqûm*": "rise/stand/endure", "*ḥărôn*": "burning/heat/fierceness", "*ʾappô*": "his anger/nose/wrath", "*ḥămātô*": "his wrath/fury/heat", "*nittəkāh*": "is poured out/is melted", "*haṣṣurîm*": "the rocks/crags/strongholds", "*nittəṣû*": "are broken down/torn down/demolished" } }
• Hab 1:8-9 : 8 { "verseID": "Habakkuk.1.8", "source": "וְקַלּ֨וּ מִנְּמֵרִ֜ים סוּסָ֗יו וְחַדּוּ֙ מִזְּאֵ֣בֵי עֶ֔רֶב וּפָ֖שׁוּ פָּֽרָשָׁ֑יו וּפָֽרָשָׁיו֙ מֵרָח֣וֹק יָבֹ֔אוּ יָעֻ֕פוּ כְּנֶ֖שֶׁר חָ֥שׁ לֶאֱכֽוֹל׃", "text": "And-*qallû* from-*nəmērîm* *sûsāyw* and-*ḥaddû* from-*zəʾēḇê ʿereḇ* and-*p̄āšû* *pārāšāyw* and-*p̄ārāšāyw* from-*mērāḥôq* *yāḇōʾû* *yāʿup̄û* like-*nešer* *ḥāš* to-*leʾĕḵôl*", "grammar": { "*wə-qallû*": "conjunction + verb, Qal perfect, 3rd person common plural - and are swifter", "*minnəmērîm*": "preposition + noun, masculine plural - than leopards", "*sûsāyw*": "noun, masculine plural + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his horses", "*wə-ḥaddû*": "conjunction + verb, Qal perfect, 3rd person common plural - and are fiercer", "*mizzəʾēḇê*": "preposition + noun, masculine plural construct - than wolves of", "*ʿereḇ*": "noun, masculine singular - evening", "*û-p̄āšû*": "conjunction + verb, Qal perfect, 3rd person common plural - and spread/leap", "*pārāšāyw*": "noun, masculine plural + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his horsemen", "*û-p̄ārāšāyw*": "conjunction + noun, masculine plural + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - and his horsemen", "*mērāḥôq*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular - from afar", "*yāḇōʾû*": "verb, Qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine plural - they come", "*yāʿup̄û*": "verb, Qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine plural - they fly", "*kənešer*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular - like an eagle", "*ḥāš*": "verb, Qal participle, masculine singular - hastening", "*leʾĕḵôl*": "preposition + Qal infinitive construct - to eat/devour" }, "variants": { "*qallû*": "are swifter/are faster/are lighter", "*nəmērîm*": "leopards/panthers", "*sûsāyw*": "his horses/his steeds", "*ḥaddû*": "are fiercer/are keener/are sharper", "*zəʾēḇê ʿereḇ*": "wolves of evening/evening wolves", "*p̄āšû*": "spread/leap/charge/dash about", "*pārāšāyw*": "his horsemen/his cavalry", "*mērāḥôq*": "from afar/from a distance", "*yāʿup̄û*": "they fly/they swoop", "*nešer*": "eagle/vulture", "*ḥāš*": "hastening/hurrying/swift" } } 9 { "verseID": "Habakkuk.1.9", "source": "כֻּלֹּה֙ לְחָמָ֣ס יָב֔וֹא מְגַמַּ֥ת פְּנֵיהֶ֖ם קָדִ֑ימָה וַיֶּאֱסֹ֥ף כַּח֖וֹל שֶֽׁבִי׃", "text": "All-of-it for-*ḥāmās* *yāḇôʾ* *məḡammaṯ* faces-of-them *qāḏîmāh* and-*yeʾĕsōp̄* like-the-*ḥôl* *šeḇî*", "grammar": { "*kullōh*": "noun, masculine singular + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - all of it", "*ləḥāmās*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular - for violence", "*yāḇôʾ*": "verb, Qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - it comes/will come", "*məḡammaṯ*": "noun, feminine singular construct - direction/intent of", "*pənêhem*": "noun, masculine plural construct + 3rd person masculine plural suffix - their faces", "*qāḏîmāh*": "adverb - eastward/forward", "*wa-yeʾĕsōp̄*": "conjunction + verb, Qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - and gathers", "*kaḥôl*": "preposition + definite article + noun, masculine singular - like the sand", "*šeḇî*": "noun, masculine singular - captivity/captives" }, "variants": { "*ḥāmās*": "violence/wrong/oppression", "*məḡammaṯ*": "direction/intent/purpose", "*qāḏîmāh*": "eastward/forward/onward", "*yeʾĕsōp̄*": "gathers/collects/assembles", "*ḥôl*": "sand/dust", "*šeḇî*": "captivity/captives/prisoners" } }
• Hab 3:3-5 : 3 { "verseID": "Habakkuk.3.3", "source": "אֱל֙וֹהַ֙ מִתֵּימָ֣ן יָב֔וֹא וְקָד֥וֹשׁ מֵֽהַר־פָּארָ֖ן סֶ֑לָה כִּסָּ֤ה שָׁמַ֙יִם֙ הוֹד֔וֹ וּתְהִלָּת֖וֹ מָלְאָ֥ה הָאָֽרֶץ׃", "text": "*ʾĕlôha* from *Tēmān yāḇôʾ*, and *qāḏôš* from *har-Pāʾrān*. *Selāh*. *Kissāh šāmayim hôḏô*, and *ṯəhillāṯô* filled *hāʾāreṣ*.", "grammar": { "*ʾĕlôha*": "noun masculine singular - God", "*Tēmān*": "proper noun with preposition *min* - from Teman (south/Yemen)", "*yāḇôʾ*": "qal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular - he comes/will come", "*qāḏôš*": "adjective masculine singular - holy one", "*har-Pāʾrān*": "proper noun with preposition *min* - from Mount Paran", "*Selāh*": "musical notation or pause", "*Kissāh*": "piel perfect 3rd person masculine singular - covered/covered completely", "*šāmayim*": "noun masculine plural - heavens/sky", "*hôḏô*": "noun masculine singular with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his majesty/splendor", "*ṯəhillāṯô*": "noun feminine singular with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his praise/glory", "*hāʾāreṣ*": "noun feminine singular with definite article - the earth/land" }, "variants": { "*Tēmān*": "southern region/Yemen/South", "*hôḏô*": "his majesty/his splendor/his glory" } } 4 { "verseID": "Habakkuk.3.4", "source": "וְנֹ֙גַהּ֙ כָּא֣וֹר תִּֽהְיֶ֔ה קַרְנַ֥יִם מִיָּד֖וֹ ל֑וֹ וְשָׁ֖ם חֶבְי֥וֹן עֻזֹּֽה׃", "text": "And *nōḡah* like *ʾôr* it-will-be, *qarnayim* from *yāḏô* to him, and there *ḥeḇyôn ʿuzzōh*.", "grammar": { "*nōḡah*": "noun feminine singular with conjunction *wə-* - brightness/radiance", "*ʾôr*": "noun masculine singular with preposition *kə-* - like light", "*tihyeh*": "qal imperfect 3rd person feminine singular - it will be", "*qarnayim*": "noun feminine dual - two horns/rays/beams", "*yāḏô*": "noun feminine singular with 3rd person masculine singular suffix and preposition *min* - from his hand", "*lô*": "preposition with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - to/for him", "*šām*": "adverb - there", "*ḥeḇyôn*": "noun masculine singular construct - hiding place/covering", "*ʿuzzōh*": "noun masculine singular with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his strength/power" }, "variants": { "*nōḡah*": "brightness/radiance/shining", "*qarnayim*": "horns/rays/beams of light (symbolizing power)", "*ḥeḇyôn ʿuzzōh*": "hiding place of his power/veiling of his strength/concealment of his might" } } 5 { "verseID": "Habakkuk.3.5", "source": "לְפָנָ֖יו יֵ֣לֶךְ דָּ֑בֶר וְיֵצֵ֥א רֶ֖שֶׁף לְרַגְלָֽיו׃", "text": "Before him *yēleḵ dāḇer*, and *yēṣēʾ rešep̄* at his feet.", "grammar": { "*lǝp̄ānāyw*": "preposition *lə* with noun masculine plural construct with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - before him/in front of him", "*yēleḵ*": "qal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular - goes/will go", "*dāḇer*": "noun masculine singular - pestilence/plague", "*yēṣēʾ*": "qal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular with conjunction *wə-* - and goes forth/comes out", "*rešep̄*": "noun masculine singular - flame/fiery bolt/burning disease", "*lǝraḡlāyw*": "preposition *lə* with noun feminine dual construct with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - at his feet" }, "variants": { "*dāḇer*": "pestilence/plague/disease", "*rešep̄*": "flame/fiery bolt/burning fever/burning disease" } }
• Heb 12:29 : 29 { "verseID": "Hebrews.12.29", "source": "Καὶ γὰρ ὁ Θεὸς ἡμῶν πῦρ καταναλίσκον.", "text": "For indeed the *Theos* of us *pyr katanaliskon*.", "grammar": { "*Theos*": "noun, nominative, singular, masculine - God", "*pyr*": "noun, nominative, singular, neuter - fire", "*katanaliskon*": "participle, present active, nominative, singular, neuter - consuming/devouring" }, "variants": { "*pyr*": "fire/flame", "*katanaliskon*": "consuming/devouring/utterly destroying" } }
• Rev 1:15 : 15 { "verseID": "Revelation.1.15", "source": "Καὶ οἱ πόδες αὐτοῦ ὅμοιοι χαλκολιβάνῳ, ὡς ἐν καμίνῳ πεπυρωμένοι· καὶ ἡ φωνὴ αὐτοῦ ὡς φωνὴ ὑδάτων πολλῶν.", "text": "And the *podes* of him like *chalkolibanō*, as in *kaminō* having been *pepyrōmenoi*; and the *phōnē* of him as *phōnē* of *hydatōn* *pollōn*.", "grammar": { "*podes*": "nominative, masculine, plural - feet", "*chalkolibanō*": "dative, masculine, singular - fine bronze/burnished brass", "*kaminō*": "dative, feminine, singular - furnace", "*pepyrōmenoi*": "perfect passive participle, nominative, masculine, plural - having been burned/refined by fire", "*phōnē*": "nominative, feminine, singular - voice/sound", "*hydatōn*": "genitive, neuter, plural - of waters", "*pollōn*": "genitive, neuter, plural - many" }, "variants": { "*chalkolibanō*": "fine bronze/burnished brass/refined copper (rare term, exact meaning uncertain)", "*pepyrōmenoi*": "having been refined by fire/having been made fiery", "*phōnē hydatōn pollōn*": "sound of many waters/voice like rushing waters" } }
• Exod 19:16-18 : 16 { "verseID": "Exodus.19.16", "source": "וַיְהִי֩ בַיּ֨וֹם הַשְּׁלִישִׁ֜י בִּֽהְיֹ֣ת הַבֹּ֗קֶר וַיְהִי֩ קֹלֹ֨ת וּבְרָקִ֜ים וְעָנָ֤ן כָּבֵד֙ עַל־הָהָ֔ר וְקֹ֥ל שֹׁפָ֖ר חָזָ֣ק מְאֹ֑ד וַיֶּחֱרַ֥ד כָּל־הָעָ֖ם אֲשֶׁ֥ר בַּֽמַּחֲנֶֽה׃", "text": "*wə-yhî* in the *yôm* the *šəlîšî* in *bihyōt* the *bōqer* *wə-yhî* *qōlōt* and *bərāqîm* and *ʿānān* *kābēd* on the *hār* and *qōl* *šōpār* *ḥāzāq* very and *wə-yeḥĕrad* all the *ʿām* *ʾăšer* in the *maḥăneh*.", "grammar": { "*wə-yhî*": "conjunction + verb, qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular apocopated - and it happened", "*yôm*": "noun, masculine singular (with definite article) - the day", "*šəlîšî*": "adjective, masculine singular (with definite article) - the third", "*bihyōt*": "preposition + verb, qal infinitive construct - at the being of", "*bōqer*": "noun, masculine singular (with definite article) - the morning", "*wə-yhî*": "conjunction + verb, qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular apocopated - and there were", "*qōlōt*": "noun, masculine plural - voices/thunders", "*bərāqîm*": "noun, masculine plural - lightnings", "*ʿānān*": "noun, masculine singular - cloud", "*kābēd*": "adjective, masculine singular - heavy/thick", "*hār*": "noun, masculine singular (with definite article) - the mountain", "*qōl*": "noun, masculine singular construct - sound of", "*šōpār*": "noun, masculine singular - ram's horn/trumpet", "*ḥāzāq*": "adjective, masculine singular - strong", "*wə-yeḥĕrad*": "conjunction + verb, qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and trembled", "*ʿām*": "noun, masculine singular (with definite article) - the people", "*ʾăšer*": "relative particle - who/that", "*maḥăneh*": "noun, masculine singular (with definite article) - the camp" }, "variants": { "*qōlōt*": "thunders/voices/sounds", "*ʿānān kābēd*": "thick cloud/dense cloud/heavy cloud", "*šōpār*": "trumpet/ram's horn/shofar" } } 17 { "verseID": "Exodus.19.17", "source": "וַיּוֹצֵ֨א מֹשֶׁ֧ה אֶת־הָעָ֛ם לִקְרַ֥את הָֽאֱלֹהִ֖ים מִן־הַֽמַּחֲנֶ֑ה וַיִּֽתְיַצְּב֖וּ בְּתַחְתִּ֥ית הָהָֽר׃", "text": "*wə-yôṣēʾ* *mōšeh* *ʾet*-the *ʿām* to *liqraʾt* the *ʾĕlōhîm* from the *maḥăneh* *wə-yityaṣṣəbû* in *taḥtît* the *hār*.", "grammar": { "*wə-yôṣēʾ*": "conjunction + verb, hiphil imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and he brought out", "*mōšeh*": "proper noun - Moses", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*ʿām*": "noun, masculine singular (with definite article) - the people", "*liqraʾt*": "preposition + verb, qal infinitive construct - to meet", "*ʾĕlōhîm*": "noun, masculine plural (with definite article) - God/the gods", "*maḥăneh*": "noun, masculine singular (with definite article) - the camp", "*wə-yityaṣṣəbû*": "conjunction + verb, hithpael imperfect 3rd masculine plural - and they stationed themselves", "*taḥtît*": "noun, feminine singular construct - lower part/foot of", "*hār*": "noun, masculine singular (with definite article) - the mountain" }, "variants": { "*liqraʾt*": "to meet/to encounter", "*ʾĕlōhîm*": "God/gods/divine being", "*taḥtît*": "foot/base/lower part" } } 18 { "verseID": "Exodus.19.18", "source": "וְהַ֤ר סִינַי֙ עָשַׁ֣ן כֻּלּ֔וֹ מִ֠פְּנֵי אֲשֶׁ֨ר יָרַ֥ד עָלָ֛יו יְהוָ֖ה בָּאֵ֑שׁ וַיַּ֤עַל עֲשָׁנוֹ֙ כְּעֶ֣שֶׁן הַכִּבְשָׁ֔ן וַיֶּחֱרַ֥ד כָּל־הָהָ֖ר מְאֹֽד׃", "text": "And *har* *sînay* *ʿāšan* all of it from *mippənê* *ʾăšer* *yārad* upon it *YHWH* in the *ʾēš* *wə-yaʿal* *ʿăšānô* like *ʿešen* the *kibšān* *wə-yeḥĕrad* all the *hār* greatly.", "grammar": { "*har*": "noun, masculine singular construct - mountain of", "*sînay*": "proper noun - Sinai", "*ʿāšan*": "verb, qal perfect 3rd masculine singular - smoked", "*mippənê*": "preposition + noun, masculine plural construct - from the presence of", "*ʾăšer*": "relative particle - that/which", "*yārad*": "verb, qal perfect 3rd masculine singular - descended/came down", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - the divine name (Yahweh/Jehovah)", "*ʾēš*": "noun, feminine singular (with definite article) - the fire", "*wə-yaʿal*": "conjunction + verb, qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and went up", "*ʿăšānô*": "noun, masculine singular + 3rd masculine singular suffix - its smoke", "*ʿešen*": "noun, masculine singular construct - smoke of", "*kibšān*": "noun, masculine singular (with definite article) - the furnace", "*wə-yeḥĕrad*": "conjunction + verb, qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and trembled", "*hār*": "noun, masculine singular (with definite article) - the mountain" }, "variants": { "*ʿāšan*": "smoked/was smoking", "*mippənê*": "from the presence of/because of", "*kibšān*": "furnace/kiln/smelting furnace" } }
• Exod 24:16-17 : 16 { "verseID": "Exodus.24.16", "source": "וַיִּשְׁכֹּ֤ן כְּבוֹד־יְהוָה֙ עַל־הַ֣ר סִינַ֔י וַיְכַסֵּ֥הוּ הֶעָנָ֖ן שֵׁ֣שֶׁת יָמִ֑ים וַיִּקְרָ֧א אֶל־מֹשֶׁ֛ה בַּיּ֥וֹם הַשְּׁבִיעִ֖י מִתּ֥וֹךְ הֶעָנָֽן׃", "text": "*wayyiškōn* *kəbôd*-*YHWH* *ʿal*-*har* *Sînay* *wayəkassēhû* *heʿānān* *šēšet* *yāmîm* *wayyiqrāʾ* *ʾel*-*Mōšeh* *bayyôm* *haššəbîʿî* *mittôk* *heʿānān*", "grammar": { "*wayyiškōn*": "conjunction + verb, qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular consecutive - and it settled/dwelt", "*kəbôd*": "noun, masculine singular construct - glory of", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - the LORD", "*ʿal*": "preposition - upon/on", "*har*": "noun, masculine singular construct - mountain of", "*Sînay*": "proper noun - Sinai", "*wayəkassēhû*": "conjunction + verb, piel imperfect 3rd masculine singular consecutive + suffix, 3rd masculine singular - and it covered it", "*heʿānān*": "definite article + noun, masculine singular - the cloud", "*šēšet*": "noun, feminine singular construct - six of", "*yāmîm*": "noun, masculine plural - days", "*wayyiqrāʾ*": "conjunction + verb, qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular consecutive - and he called", "*ʾel*": "preposition - to/unto", "*Mōšeh*": "proper noun - Moses", "*bayyôm*": "preposition + definite article + noun, masculine singular - on the day", "*haššəbîʿî*": "definite article + ordinal number, masculine singular - the seventh", "*mittôk*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular construct - from midst of", "*heʿānān*": "definite article + noun, masculine singular - the cloud" }, "variants": { "*wayyiškōn*": "settled/dwelt/abided/rested", "*kəbôd*": "glory/honor/presence", "*wayəkassēhû*": "covered it/concealed it/enveloped it", "*wayyiqrāʾ*": "called/summoned/proclaimed", "*mittôk*": "from midst of/from within/from out of" } } 17 { "verseID": "Exodus.24.17", "source": "וּמַרְאֵה֙ כְּב֣וֹד יְהוָ֔ה כְּאֵ֥שׁ אֹכֶ֖לֶת בְּרֹ֣אשׁ הָהָ֑ר לְעֵינֵ֖י בְּנֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃", "text": "*ûmarʾēh* *kəbôd* *YHWH* *kəʾēš* *ʾōkelet* *bərōʾš* *hāhār* *ləʿênê* *bənê* *Yiśrāʾēl*", "grammar": { "*ûmarʾēh*": "conjunction + noun, masculine singular construct - and appearance of", "*kəbôd*": "noun, masculine singular construct - glory of", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - the LORD", "*kəʾēš*": "preposition + noun, feminine singular - like fire", "*ʾōkelet*": "verb, qal participle feminine singular - devouring/consuming", "*bərōʾš*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular construct - on top of", "*hāhār*": "definite article + noun, masculine singular - the mountain", "*ləʿênê*": "preposition + noun, feminine dual construct - to eyes of/in sight of", "*bənê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - sons of/children of", "*Yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel" }, "variants": { "*marʾēh*": "appearance/sight/vision", "*kəbôd*": "glory/honor/presence", "*ʾōkelet*": "devouring/consuming/burning", "*rōʾš*": "top/head/summit", "*ləʿênê*": "to eyes of/in sight of/before" } }
• Deut 4:11-12 : 11 { "verseID": "Deuteronomy.4.11", "source": "וַתִּקְרְב֥וּן וַתַּֽעַמְד֖וּן תַּ֣חַת הָהָ֑ר וְהָהָ֞ר בֹּעֵ֤ר בָּאֵשׁ֙ עַד־לֵ֣ב הַשָּׁמַ֔יִם חֹ֖שֶׁךְ עָנָ֥ן וַעֲרָפֶֽל", "text": "And-*wattiqrᵉbûn* and-*wattaʿamdûn* under the-*hār*, and-the-*hār* *bōʿēr* in-the-*ʾēsh* unto-*lēb* the-*shāmayim* *ḥōshek* *ʿānān* and-*waʿărāpel*", "grammar": { "*wa*": "conjunction - and", "*ttiqrᵉbûn*": "verb, qal imperfect, second person masculine plural - you approached", "*ttaʿamdûn*": "verb, qal imperfect, second person masculine plural - you stood", "*taḥat*": "preposition - under/beneath", "*hār*": "noun, masculine singular - mountain", "*hāhār*": "noun, masculine singular with definite article - the mountain", "*bōʿēr*": "participle, qal, masculine singular - burning", "*bā*": "preposition with definite article - in the", "*ʾēsh*": "noun, feminine singular - fire", "*ʿad*": "preposition - unto/to/as far as", "*lēb*": "noun, masculine singular construct - heart of", "*shāmayim*": "noun, masculine plural - heavens/sky", "*ḥōshek*": "noun, masculine singular - darkness", "*ʿānān*": "noun, masculine singular - cloud", "*waʿărāpel*": "conjunction with noun, masculine singular - and thick darkness" }, "variants": { "*ttiqrᵉbûn*": "you approached/you came near/you drew near", "*ttaʿamdûn*": "you stood/you positioned yourselves", "*hār*": "mountain/hill/mount", "*bōʿēr*": "burning/consuming/blazing", "*ʾēsh*": "fire/flame", "*lēb*": "heart/center/midst", "*shāmayim*": "heavens/sky/atmosphere", "*ḥōshek*": "darkness/obscurity", "*ʿānān*": "cloud/mass of clouds", "*ʿărāpel*": "thick darkness/heavy clouds/gloom" } } 12 { "verseID": "Deuteronomy.4.12", "source": "וַיְדַבֵּ֧ר יְהוָ֛ה אֲלֵיכֶ֖ם מִתּ֣וֹךְ הָאֵ֑שׁ ק֤וֹל דְּבָרִים֙ אַתֶּ֣ם שֹׁמְעִ֔ים וּתְמוּנָ֛ה אֵינְכֶ֥ם רֹאִ֖ים זוּלָתִ֥י קֽוֹל", "text": "And-*wayᵉdabbēr* *YHWH* to-you from-*tôk* the-*ʾēsh*; *qôl* *dᵉbārîm* *ʾattem* *shōmᵉʿîm* and-*ûtᵉmûnâ* not-you *rōʾîm* besides *qôl*", "grammar": { "*wa*": "conjunction - and", "*yᵉdabbēr*": "verb, piel imperfect, third person masculine singular - he spoke", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - the divine name", "*ʾălêkem*": "preposition with second person masculine plural suffix - to you", "*mittôk*": "preposition with noun, masculine singular construct - from midst of", "*ʾēsh*": "noun, feminine singular - fire", "*qôl*": "noun, masculine singular construct - sound of/voice of", "*dᵉbārîm*": "noun, masculine plural - words/things", "*ʾattem*": "pronoun, second person masculine plural - you", "*shōmᵉʿîm*": "participle, qal, masculine plural - hearing", "*û*": "conjunction - and", "*tᵉmûnâ*": "noun, feminine singular - form/likeness", "*ʾênkem*": "particle of negation with second person masculine plural suffix - you are not", "*rōʾîm*": "participle, qal, masculine plural - seeing", "*zûlātî*": "preposition - besides/except", "*qôl*": "noun, masculine singular - sound/voice" }, "variants": { "*yᵉdabbēr*": "he spoke/he said/he declared", "*tôk*": "midst/middle/among", "*ʾēsh*": "fire/flame", "*qôl*": "sound/voice/noise", "*dᵉbārîm*": "words/things/matters", "*shōmᵉʿîm*": "hearing/listening/understanding", "*tᵉmûnâ*": "form/likeness/representation/image", "*rōʾîm*": "seeing/perceiving/beholding", "*zûlātî*": "besides/except/apart from" } }
• 2 Chr 5:13-6:1 : 13 { "verseID": "2 Chronicles.5.13", "source": "וַיְהִ֣י כְ֠אֶחָד לַמְחַצְּרִ֨ים וְלַמְשֹֽׁרֲרִ֜ים לְהַשְׁמִ֣יעַ קוֹל־אֶחָ֗ד לְהַלֵּ֣ל וּלְהֹדוֹת֮ לַיהוָה֒ וּכְהָרִ֣ים ק֠וֹל בַּחֲצֹצְר֨וֹת וּבִמְצִלְתַּ֜יִם וּבִכְלֵ֣י הַשִּׁ֗יר וּבְהַלֵּ֤ל לַיהוָה֙ כִּ֣י ט֔וֹב כִּ֥י לְעוֹלָ֖ם חַסְדּ֑וֹ וְהַבַּ֛יִת מָלֵ֥א עָנָ֖ן בֵּ֥ית יְהוָֽה׃", "text": "And-*wayəhî* as-*ʾeḥāḏ* to-the-*məḥaṣṣərîm* and-to-the-*məšōrărîm* to-*hašmîaʿ* *qôl*-*ʾeḥāḏ* to-*hallēl* and-to-*hōḏôṯ* to-*YHWH* and-as-*hārîm* *qôl* with-*ḥăṣōṣərôṯ* and-with-*məṣiltayim* and-with-*kəlê* the-*šîr* and-in-*hallēl* to-*YHWH* because *ṭôḇ* because to-*ʿôlām* *ḥasdô* and-the-*bayiṯ* *mālēʾ* *ʿānān* *bêṯ* *YHWH*׃", "grammar": { "*wayəhî*": "qal imperfect consecutive, 3rd masculine singular - it was", "*ʾeḥāḏ*": "number, masculine singular - one/together", "*məḥaṣṣərîm*": "piel participle, masculine plural - trumpeters", "*məšōrărîm*": "polel participle, masculine plural - singers", "*hašmîaʿ*": "hiphil infinitive construct - to sound/make heard", "*qôl*": "noun, masculine singular - voice/sound", "*ʾeḥāḏ*": "number, masculine singular - one/unified", "*hallēl*": "piel infinitive construct - to praise", "*hōḏôṯ*": "hiphil infinitive construct - to give thanks", "*YHWH*": "divine name - LORD", "*hārîm*": "hiphil infinitive construct - to lift up/raise", "*qôl*": "noun, masculine singular - voice/sound", "*ḥăṣōṣərôṯ*": "noun, feminine plural - trumpets", "*məṣiltayim*": "noun, feminine dual - cymbals", "*kəlê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - instruments of", "*šîr*": "noun, masculine singular - song/music", "*hallēl*": "piel infinitive construct - to praise", "*ṭôḇ*": "adjective, masculine singular - good", "*ʿôlām*": "noun, masculine singular - forever/eternity", "*ḥasdô*": "noun, masculine singular with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his lovingkindness", "*bayiṯ*": "noun, masculine singular - house/temple", "*mālēʾ*": "qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - was filled", "*ʿānān*": "noun, masculine singular - cloud", "*bêṯ*": "noun, masculine singular construct - house of", "*YHWH*": "divine name - LORD" }, "variants": { "*wayəhî*": "it was/it happened/it came to pass", "*ʾeḥāḏ*": "one/united/together", "*məḥaṣṣərîm*": "trumpeters/those sounding trumpets", "*məšōrărîm*": "singers/musicians/chanters", "*hašmîaʿ*": "to sound/to make heard/to cause to hear", "*qôl*": "voice/sound/noise", "*hallēl*": "to praise/to celebrate/to glorify", "*hōḏôṯ*": "to give thanks/to confess/to acknowledge", "*hārîm*": "to lift up/to raise/to elevate", "*kəlê*": "instruments/vessels/articles", "*šîr*": "song/music/singing", "*ṭôḇ*": "good/pleasant/favorable", "*ʿôlām*": "forever/eternity/perpetuity", "*ḥasdô*": "his lovingkindness/his mercy/his covenant faithfulness", "*mālēʾ*": "was filled/was full/became filled", "*ʿānān*": "cloud/vapor/smoke" } } 14 { "verseID": "2 Chronicles.5.14", "source": "וְלֹא־יֽ͏ָכְל֧וּ הַכֹּהֲנִ֛ים לַעֲמ֥וֹד לְשָׁרֵ֖ת מִפְּנֵ֣י הֶעָנָ֑ן כִּֽי־מָלֵ֥א כְבוֹד־יְהוָ֖ה אֶת־בֵּ֥ית הָאֱלֹהִֽים׃ פ", "text": "And-not-*yāḵəlû* the-*kōhănîm* to-*ʿămōḏ* to-*šārēṯ* from-*pənê* the-*ʿānān* because-*mālēʾ* *ḵəḇôḏ*-*YHWH* *ʾēṯ*-*bêṯ* the-*ʾĕlōhîm*׃ פ", "grammar": { "*yāḵəlû*": "qal perfect, 3rd common plural - they were able", "*kōhănîm*": "noun, masculine plural - priests", "*ʿămōḏ*": "qal infinitive construct - to stand", "*šārēṯ*": "piel infinitive construct - to minister/serve", "*pənê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - face/presence of", "*ʿānān*": "noun, masculine singular - cloud", "*mālēʾ*": "qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - filled", "*ḵəḇôḏ*": "noun, masculine singular construct - glory of", "*YHWH*": "divine name - LORD", "*ʾēṯ*": "direct object marker", "*bêṯ*": "noun, masculine singular construct - house of", "*ʾĕlōhîm*": "noun, masculine plural - God" }, "variants": { "*yāḵəlû*": "they were able/they could/they had ability", "*kōhănîm*": "priests/officiants", "*ʿămōḏ*": "to stand/to remain/to be stationed", "*šārēṯ*": "to minister/to serve/to officiate", "*pənê*": "face/presence/before", "*ʿānān*": "cloud/vapor/smoke", "*mālēʾ*": "filled/full/completed", "*ḵəḇôḏ*": "glory/honor/weightiness", "*bêṯ*": "house/temple/dwelling", "*ʾĕlōhîm*": "God/gods/divine being" } } 1 { "verseID": "2 Chronicles.6.1", "source": "אָ֖ז אָמַ֣ר שְׁלֹמֹ֑ה יְהוָ֣ה אָמַ֔ר לִשְׁכּ֖וֹן בָּעֲרָפֶֽל׃", "text": "Then *ʾāmar* *šəlōmōh*: *YHWH* *ʾāmar* to *šākôn* in *ʿărāpel*.", "grammar": { "*ʾāz*": "adverb - then/at that time", "*ʾāmar*": "qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - said/spoke", "*šəlōmōh*": "proper noun, masculine - Solomon", "*YHWH*": "proper noun, divine name - Yahweh/LORD", "*lišəkôn*": "preposition + qal infinitive construct - to dwell/abide", "*bāʿărāpel*": "preposition + definite noun, masculine singular - in the thick darkness/cloud" }, "variants": { "*ʾāmar*": "said/declared/stated", "*šākôn*": "to dwell/abide/remain", "*ʿărāpel*": "thick darkness/dark cloud/heavy cloud" } }
• 2 Chr 7:1-3 : 1 { "verseID": "2 Chronicles.7.1", "source": "וּכְכַלּ֤וֹת שְׁלֹמֹה֙ לְהִתְפַּלֵּ֔ל וְהָאֵ֗שׁ יָֽרְדָה֙ מֵֽהַשָּׁמַ֔יִם וַתֹּ֥אכַל הָעֹלָ֖ה וְהַזְּבָחִ֑ים וּכְב֥וֹד יְהוָ֖ה מָלֵ֥א אֶת־הַבָּֽיִת׃", "text": "And when *kəḵallôṯ* *šəlōmōh* to *hiṯpallēl*, *wə-* the *ʾēš* *yārəḏâ* from the *haššāmayim*, *wa-* *tōʾḵal* the *hāʿōlâ* *wə-* the *hazzəḇāḥîm*, *û-* *ḵəḇôḏ* *yəhwâ* *mālēʾ* *ʾeṯ-* the *habbayiṯ*.", "grammar": { "*kəḵallôṯ*": "infinitive construct with preposition כְּ (ke) - 'when finishing/completing'", "*šəlōmōh*": "proper noun, masculine - 'Solomon'", "*hiṯpallēl*": "hitpael infinitive construct - 'to pray'", "*wə-*": "conjunction - 'and'", "*ʾēš*": "noun, feminine singular - 'fire'", "*yārəḏâ*": "qal perfect, 3rd feminine singular - 'came down/descended'", "*haššāmayim*": "noun, masculine plural with definite article - 'the heavens'", "*wa-*": "consecutive conjunction - 'and then'", "*tōʾḵal*": "qal imperfect, 3rd feminine singular - 'consumed'", "*hāʿōlâ*": "noun, feminine singular with definite article - 'the burnt offering'", "*hazzəḇāḥîm*": "noun, masculine plural with definite article - 'the sacrifices'", "*û-*": "conjunction - 'and'", "*ḵəḇôḏ*": "noun, masculine singular construct - 'glory of'", "*yəhwâ*": "proper noun - 'YHWH/LORD'", "*mālēʾ*": "qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - 'filled'", "*ʾeṯ-*": "direct object marker", "*habbayiṯ*": "noun, masculine singular with definite article - 'the house/temple'" }, "variants": { "*kəḵallôṯ*": "to finish, to complete, to end", "*hiṯpallēl*": "to pray, to intercede, to mediate", "*ʾēš*": "fire, flame, burning heat", "*yārəḏâ*": "descended, came down", "*tōʾḵal*": "consumed, devoured, ate", "*hāʿōlâ*": "burnt offering, whole offering, that which ascends", "*hazzəḇāḥîm*": "sacrifices, offerings, slaughtered animals", "*ḵəḇôḏ*": "glory, honor, splendor, weightiness", "*mālēʾ*": "filled, became full" } } 2 { "verseID": "2 Chronicles.7.2", "source": "וְלֹ֤א יָֽכְלוּ֙ הַכֹּ֣הֲנִ֔ים לָב֖וֹא אֶל־בֵּ֣ית יְהוָ֑ה כִּֽי־מָלֵ֥א כְבוֹד־יְהוָ֖ה אֶת־בֵּ֥ית יְהוָֽה׃", "text": "*wə-lōʾ yāḵəlû* the *hakkōhănîm* *lāḇôʾ* *ʾel-* *bêṯ* *yəhwâ* *kî-* *mālēʾ* *ḵəḇôḏ-yəhwâ* *ʾeṯ-* *bêṯ* *yəhwâ*.", "grammar": { "*wə-lōʾ*": "conjunction with negative particle - 'and not'", "*yāḵəlû*": "qal perfect, 3rd plural - 'they were able/could'", "*hakkōhănîm*": "noun, masculine plural with definite article - 'the priests'", "*lāḇôʾ*": "qal infinitive construct with preposition ל (le) - 'to enter/to come'", "*ʾel-*": "preposition - 'to/into'", "*bêṯ*": "noun, masculine singular construct - 'house of'", "*yəhwâ*": "proper noun - 'YHWH/LORD'", "*kî-*": "conjunction - 'because/for'", "*mālēʾ*": "qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - 'filled'", "*ḵəḇôḏ-yəhwâ*": "noun, masculine singular construct with proper noun - 'glory of YHWH'", "*ʾeṯ-*": "direct object marker" }, "variants": { "*yāḵəlû*": "were able, could, had power to", "*hakkōhănîm*": "priests, officiants, religious ministers", "*lāḇôʾ*": "to enter, to come in, to arrive", "*mālēʾ*": "filled, became full, occupied completely" } } 3 { "verseID": "2 Chronicles.7.3", "source": "וְכֹ֣ל ׀ בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֗ל רֹאִים֙ בְּרֶ֣דֶת הָאֵ֔שׁ וּכְב֥וֹד יְהוָ֖ה עַל־הַבָּ֑יִת וַיִּכְרְעוּ֩ אַפַּ֨יִם אַ֤רְצָה עַל־הָרִֽצְפָה֙ וַיִּֽשְׁתּֽ͏ַחֲו֔וּ וְהוֹד֤וֹת לַיהוָה֙ כִּ֣י ט֔וֹב כִּ֥י לְעוֹלָ֖ם חַסְדּֽוֹ׃", "text": "*wə-ḵōl* *bənê* *yiśrāʾēl* *rōʾîm* in *bəreḏeṯ* the *hāʾēš* *û-* *ḵəḇôḏ* *yəhwâ* *ʿal-* the *habbāyiṯ* *wa-* *yikkərəʿû* *ʾappayim* *ʾarṣâ* *ʿal-* the *hāriṣpâ* *wa-* *yištaḥăwû* *wə-* *hôḏôṯ* to *yahwâ* *kî* *ṭôḇ* *kî* *ləʿôlām* *ḥasdô*.", "grammar": { "*wə-ḵōl*": "conjunction with noun - 'and all'", "*bənê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - 'sons of/children of'", "*yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - 'Israel'", "*rōʾîm*": "qal participle, masculine plural - 'seeing/observers'", "*bəreḏeṯ*": "qal infinitive construct with preposition ב (be) - 'in/when coming down'", "*hāʾēš*": "noun, feminine singular with definite article - 'the fire'", "*û-*": "conjunction - 'and'", "*ḵəḇôḏ*": "noun, masculine singular construct - 'glory of'", "*yəhwâ*": "proper noun - 'YHWH/LORD'", "*ʿal-*": "preposition - 'upon/over'", "*habbāyiṯ*": "noun, masculine singular with definite article - 'the house/temple'", "*wa-*": "consecutive conjunction - 'and then'", "*yikkərəʿû*": "qal imperfect, 3rd plural - 'they bowed down'", "*ʾappayim*": "noun, dual - 'faces/nostrils'", "*ʾarṣâ*": "noun with directional he - 'to the ground'", "*ʿal-*": "preposition - 'upon'", "*hāriṣpâ*": "noun, feminine singular with definite article - 'the pavement'", "*yištaḥăwû*": "hishtafel imperfect, 3rd plural - 'they prostrated themselves'", "*wə-*": "conjunction - 'and'", "*hôḏôṯ*": "hiphil infinitive construct - 'giving thanks'", "*yahwâ*": "proper noun with preposition ל (le) - 'to YHWH'", "*kî*": "conjunction - 'for/because'", "*ṭôḇ*": "adjective, masculine singular - 'good'", "*ləʿôlām*": "preposition with noun - 'forever/eternal'", "*ḥasdô*": "noun, masculine singular with 3rd masculine singular suffix - 'his mercy/lovingkindness'" }, "variants": { "*rōʾîm*": "seeing, observing, witnessing", "*bəreḏeṯ*": "coming down, descending", "*yikkərəʿû*": "they bowed down, they kneeled, they bent the knee", "*ʾappayim*": "faces, nostrils, two faces", "*ʾarṣâ*": "to the ground, earthward, to the land", "*hāriṣpâ*": "pavement, stone floor, flagging", "*yištaḥăwû*": "they prostrated themselves, they worshipped, they bowed down", "*hôḏôṯ*": "giving thanks, praising, acknowledging", "*ṭôḇ*": "good, pleasant, agreeable", "*ḥasdô*": "his lovingkindness, his mercy, his steadfast love" } }
• Ps 18:11-13 : 11 { "verseID": "Psalms.18.11", "source": "וַיִּרְכַּ֣ב עַל־כְּ֭רוּב וַיָּעֹ֑ף וַ֝יֵּ֗דֶא עַל־כַּנְפֵי־רֽוּחַ׃", "text": "And *yirkav* upon-*keruv* and *ya'of* and *yede* upon-*kanfey*-*ruach*.", "grammar": { "*yirkav*": "qal imperfect with waw-consecutive, 3rd person masculine singular - and he rode", "*keruv*": "masculine singular noun - cherub", "*ya'of*": "qal imperfect with waw-consecutive, 3rd person masculine singular - and he flew", "*yede*": "qal imperfect with waw-consecutive, 3rd person masculine singular - and he soared/flew swiftly", "*kanfey*": "construct state, feminine plural - wings of", "*ruach*": "feminine singular noun - wind/spirit" }, "variants": { "*yirkav*": "he rode/he mounted", "*keruv*": "cherub/angelic being", "*ya'of*": "he flew/he soared", "*yede*": "he soared/he flew swiftly/he swooped", "*ruach*": "wind/spirit/breath" } } 12 { "verseID": "Psalms.18.12", "source": "יָ֤שֶׁת חֹ֨שֶׁךְ ׀ סִתְר֗וֹ סְבִֽיבוֹתָ֥יו סֻכָּת֑וֹ חֶשְׁכַת־מַ֝֗יִם עָבֵ֥י שְׁחָקִֽים׃", "text": "*yashet* *choshech* *sitro* *sevivotav* *sukato* *cheshkat*-*mayim* *avey* *shechaqim*.", "grammar": { "*yashet*": "qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - he made/placed", "*choshech*": "masculine singular noun - darkness", "*sitro*": "masculine singular noun with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his hiding place", "*sevivotav*": "feminine plural noun with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his surroundings", "*sukato*": "feminine singular noun with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his canopy/covering", "*cheshkat*": "construct state, feminine singular - darkness of", "*mayim*": "masculine plural noun - waters", "*avey*": "construct state, masculine plural - clouds of", "*shechaqim*": "masculine plural noun - skies/clouds" }, "variants": { "*yashet*": "he made/he placed/he set", "*sitro*": "his hiding place/his covering/his secret place", "*sevivotav*": "his surroundings/around him", "*sukato*": "his canopy/his covering/his tent", "*cheshkat*": "darkness of/gloom of", "*avey*": "clouds of/thick clouds of", "*shechaqim*": "skies/clouds/heavens" } } 13 { "verseID": "Psalms.18.13", "source": "מִנֹּ֗גַהּ נֶ֫גְדּ֥וֹ עָבָ֥יו עָבְר֑וּ בָּ֝רָ֗ד וְגַֽחֲלֵי־אֵֽשׁ׃", "text": "From *nogah* before him *avav* *avru* *barad* and *gachaley*-*esh*.", "grammar": { "*nogah*": "masculine singular noun - brightness", "*avav*": "masculine plural noun with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his clouds", "*avru*": "qal perfect, 3rd person plural - they passed", "*barad*": "masculine singular noun - hail", "*gachaley*": "construct state, masculine plural - coals of", "*esh*": "feminine singular noun - fire" }, "variants": { "*nogah*": "brightness/radiance/shining", "*avav*": "his clouds/his thick clouds", "*avru*": "they passed/they passed through/they crossed over", "*gachaley*": "coals of/embers of/burning coals of" } }
• Ps 50:3 : 3 { "verseID": "Psalms.50.3", "source": "יָ֤בֹ֥א אֱלֹהֵ֗ינוּ וְֽאַל־יֶ֫חֱרַ֥שׁ אֵשׁ־לְפָנָ֥יו תֹּאכֵ֑ל וּ֝סְבִיבָ֗יו נִשְׂעֲרָ֥ה מְאֹֽד׃", "text": "*Yavo* *Eloheinu* *weal*-*yecherash* *esh*-before-him *tochal* and-*sevivav* *nis'arah* *meod*", "grammar": { "*Yavo*": "verb, Qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - he will come", "*Eloheinu*": "noun, masculine, plural construct with 1st person plural suffix - our God", "*weal*": "conjunction with negative particle - and not", "*yecherash*": "verb, Qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - he will be silent", "*esh*": "noun, feminine, singular - fire", "*tochal*": "verb, Qal imperfect, 3rd person feminine singular - it will devour/consume", "*sevivav*": "preposition with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - around him", "*nis'arah*": "verb, Niphal perfect, 3rd person feminine singular - it stormed/raged", "*meod*": "adverb - very/exceedingly" }, "variants": { "*weal-yecherash*": "and let him not be silent/and he will not keep quiet", "*nis'arah*": "is stormy/tempestuous/rages" } }
• Ps 97:2-3 : 2 { "verseID": "Psalms.97.2", "source": "עָנָ֣ן וַעֲרָפֶ֣ל סְבִיבָ֑יו צֶ֥דֶק וּ֝מִשְׁפָּ֗ט מְכ֣וֹן כִּסְאֽוֹ", "text": "*ʿānān* *wa-ʿărāp̄el* *sĕḇîḇāyw* *ṣeḏeq* *û-mišpāṭ* *məḵôn* *kisʾô*", "grammar": { "*ʿānān*": "noun, masculine singular - cloud", "*wa-ʿărāp̄el*": "conjunction waw + noun, masculine singular - and thick darkness/gloom", "*sĕḇîḇāyw*": "preposition + suffix, 3rd person masculine singular - around him", "*ṣeḏeq*": "noun, masculine singular - righteousness", "*û-mišpāṭ*": "conjunction waw + noun, masculine singular - and justice", "*məḵôn*": "noun, masculine singular construct - foundation/established place of", "*kisʾô*": "noun, masculine singular + suffix, 3rd person masculine singular - his throne" }, "variants": { "*ʿărāp̄el*": "thick darkness/gloom/heavy cloud", "*sĕḇîḇāyw*": "surrounding him/around him/encircling him", "*ṣeḏeq*": "righteousness/rightness/justice", "*mišpāṭ*": "justice/judgment/legal decision", "*məḵôn*": "foundation/established place/base" } } 3 { "verseID": "Psalms.97.3", "source": "אֵ֭שׁ לְפָנָ֣יו תֵּלֵ֑ךְ וּתְלַהֵ֖ט סָבִ֣יב צָרָֽיו", "text": "*ʾēš* *lə-p̄ānāyw* *tēlēḵ* *û-təlahēṭ* *sāḇîḇ* *ṣārāyw*", "grammar": { "*ʾēš*": "noun, feminine singular - fire", "*lə-p̄ānāyw*": "preposition lamed + noun, plural construct + suffix, 3rd person masculine singular - before him", "*tēlēḵ*": "qal imperfect, 3rd person feminine singular - goes/will go", "*û-təlahēṭ*": "conjunction waw + piel imperfect, 3rd person feminine singular - and consumes/burns up", "*sāḇîḇ*": "adverb - around/surrounding", "*ṣārāyw*": "noun, masculine plural + suffix, 3rd person masculine singular - his adversaries" }, "variants": { "*lə-p̄ānāyw*": "before him/ahead of him/in front of him", "*tēlēḵ*": "goes/walks/proceeds", "*təlahēṭ*": "burns up/consumes/sets ablaze", "*ṣārāyw*": "his adversaries/enemies/foes" } }
• Ps 104:3-4 : 3 { "verseID": "Psalms.104.3", "source": "הַ֥מְקָרֶֽה בַמַּ֗יִם עֲ‍ֽלִיּ֫וֹתָ֥יו הַשָּׂם־עָבִ֥ים רְכוּב֑וֹ הַֽ֝מְהַלֵּ֗ךְ עַל־כַּנְפֵי־רֽוּחַ׃", "text": "*hamqāreh* *bammayim* *ʿaliyyôtāyw* *haśśām*-*ʿābîm* *rĕkûbô* *hamĕhallēk* *ʿal*-*kanphê*-*rûaḥ*", "grammar": { "*hamqāreh*": "definite article + participle, piel active, masculine singular - beaming, laying beams", "*bammayim*": "preposition *bě* + definite article + noun, masculine plural - in the waters", "*ʿaliyyôtāyw*": "noun, feminine plural construct with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his upper chambers", "*haśśām*": "definite article + participle, qal active, masculine singular - making, placing", "*ʿābîm*": "noun, masculine plural - clouds, thick clouds", "*rĕkûbô*": "noun, masculine singular construct with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his chariot", "*hamĕhallēk*": "definite article + participle, piel active, masculine singular - walking, going about", "*ʿal*": "preposition - upon, over", "*kanphê*": "noun, feminine plural construct - wings of", "*rûaḥ*": "noun, feminine singular - wind, spirit" }, "variants": { "*mĕqāreh*": "laying beams, roofing, framing", "*mayim*": "waters, body of water", "*ʿaliyyôt*": "upper chambers, roof chambers, upper stories", "*śām*": "placing, setting, appointing", "*ʿābîm*": "clouds, thick clouds, dark clouds", "*rĕkûb*": "chariot, vehicle, riding", "*mĕhallēk*": "walking, going, traveling", "*kanphê*": "wings, corners, edges", "*rûaḥ*": "wind, breath, spirit, air" } } 4 { "verseID": "Psalms.104.4", "source": "עֹשֶׂ֣ה מַלְאָכָ֣יו רוּח֑וֹת מְ֝שָׁרְתָ֗יו אֵ֣שׁ לֹהֵֽט׃", "text": "*ʿōśeh* *malʾākāyw* *rûḥôt* *mĕshārĕtāyw* *ʾēsh* *lōhēṭ*", "grammar": { "*ʿōśeh*": "participle, qal active, masculine singular - making", "*malʾākāyw*": "noun, masculine plural construct with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his messengers/angels", "*rûḥôt*": "noun, feminine plural - winds, spirits", "*mĕshārĕtāyw*": "noun, masculine plural construct with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his ministers/servants", "*ʾēsh*": "noun, feminine singular - fire", "*lōhēṭ*": "participle, qal active, masculine singular - flaming, burning" }, "variants": { "*ʿōśeh*": "making, doing, creating, producing", "*malʾākāyw*": "his messengers, his angels, his envoys", "*rûḥôt*": "winds, spirits, breaths", "*mĕshārĕtāyw*": "his ministers, his servants, his attendants", "*ʾēsh*": "fire, flame", "*lōhēṭ*": "flaming, burning, blazing" } }
• Isa 19:1 : 1 { "verseID": "Isaiah.19.1", "source": "מַשָּׂ֖א מִצְרָ֑יִם הִנֵּ֨ה יְהוָ֜ה רֹכֵ֨ב עַל־עָ֥ב קַל֙ וּבָ֣א מִצְרַ֔יִם וְנָע֞וּ אֱלִילֵ֤י מִצְרַ֙יִם֙ מִפָּנָ֔יו וּלְבַ֥ב מִצְרַ֖יִם יִמַּ֥ס בְּקִרְבּֽוֹ׃", "text": "*Maśśāʾ* *Miṣrāyim* *hinnēh* *YHWH* *rōḵēḇ* upon-*ʿāḇ* *qal* and-*bāʾ* *Miṣrayim* and-*nāʿû* *ʾĕlîlê* *Miṣrayim* from-*pānāyw* and-*lĕḇaḇ* *Miṣrayim* *yimmas* in-*qirbô*", "grammar": { "*Maśśāʾ*": "construct noun, masculine singular - burden/oracle/utterance", "*Miṣrāyim*": "proper noun, masculine dual/plural - Egypt", "*hinnēh*": "interjection - behold/look", "*YHWH*": "proper noun, divine name - Yahweh", "*rōḵēḇ*": "participle, qal, masculine singular - riding", "*ʿāḇ*": "noun, masculine singular - cloud/dark cloud", "*qal*": "adjective, masculine singular - swift/light", "*bāʾ*": "participle, qal, masculine singular - coming", "*nāʿû*": "verb, qal perfect, 3rd person plural - shake/quake/totter", "*ʾĕlîlê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - idols of", "*pānāyw*": "noun, masculine plural with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his face/presence", "*lĕḇaḇ*": "noun, masculine singular construct - heart of", "*yimmas*": "verb, niphal imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - will melt", "*qirbô*": "noun, masculine singular with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - its midst" }, "variants": { "*Maśśāʾ*": "burden/oracle/utterance/prophetic burden", "*rōḵēḇ*": "riding/mounted upon", "*ʿāḇ*": "thick cloud/dark cloud/rain cloud", "*qal*": "swift/light/insignificant", "*nāʿû*": "shake/quake/totter/tremble/be agitated", "*ʾĕlîlê*": "idols/worthless things/vain things", "*lĕḇaḇ*": "heart/inner person/mind/will", "*yimmas*": "will melt/dissolve/become liquid/be discouraged" } }