Verse 11

{ "verseID": "Hosea.7.11", "source": "וַיְהִ֣י אֶפְרַ֔יִם כְּיוֹנָ֥ה פוֹתָ֖ה אֵ֣ין לֵ֑ב מִצְרַ֥יִם קָרָ֖אוּ אַשּׁ֥וּר הָלָֽכוּ׃", "text": "*wayəhî* *ʾep̄rayim* like *yônâ* *p̄ôṯâ* *ʾên* *lēḇ* *miṣrayim* *qārāʾû* *ʾaššûr* *hālāḵû*.", "grammar": { "*wayəhî*": "conjunction + qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular apocopated - and he became", "*ʾep̄rayim*": "proper noun - Ephraim (northern kingdom)", "*yônâ*": "noun, feminine singular with prefix *kə* - like a dove", "*p̄ôṯâ*": "qal passive participle feminine singular - deceived/simple", "*ʾên*": "negative particle construct - without", "*lēḇ*": "noun, masculine singular - heart/understanding", "*miṣrayim*": "proper noun - Egypt", "*qārāʾû*": "qal perfect 3rd plural - they called", "*ʾaššûr*": "proper noun - Assyria", "*hālāḵû*": "qal perfect 3rd plural - they went" }, "variants": { "*p̄ôṯâ*": "deceived/simple/easily persuaded", "*lēḇ*": "heart/mind/understanding", "*qārāʾû*": "called/summoned/invited", "*hālāḵû*": "went/walked/proceeded" } }

Other Translations

Referenced Verses

  • Hos 5:13 : 13 { "verseID": "Hosea.5.13", "source": "וַיַּ֨רְא אֶפְרַ֜יִם אֶת־חָלְי֗וֹ וִֽיהוּדָה֙ אֶת־מְזֹר֔וֹ וַיֵּ֤לֶךְ אֶפְרַ֙יִם֙ אֶל־אַשּׁ֔וּר וַיִּשְׁלַ֖ח אֶל־מֶ֣לֶךְ יָרֵ֑ב וְה֗וּא לֹ֤א יוּכַל֙ לִרְפֹּ֣א לָכֶ֔ם וְלֹֽא־יִגְהֶ֥ה מִכֶּ֖ם מָזֽוֹר׃", "text": "*Wayyarə* *ʾEp̄rayim* *ʾeṯ*-*ḥālyô* *wî*-*Yəhûḏâ* *ʾeṯ*-*məzōrô*, *wayyēleḵ* *ʾEp̄rayim* to-*ʾAššûr* *wayyišlaḥ* to-*meleḵ* *yārēḇ*; *wə*-he not *yûḵal* to-heal to-you, *wə*-not-*yiḡhê* from-you *māzôr*.", "grammar": { "*wayyarə*": "imperfect, consecutive, qal, 3rd person masculine singular - and he saw", "*ʾEp̄rayim*": "proper noun - Ephraim", "*ʾeṯ*": "direct object marker", "*ḥālyô*": "noun, masculine singular with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his sickness", "*wî*": "conjunction - and", "*Yəhûḏâ*": "proper noun - Judah", "*məzōrô*": "noun, masculine singular with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his wound", "*wayyēleḵ*": "imperfect, consecutive, qal, 3rd person masculine singular - and he went", "*ʾAššûr*": "proper noun - Assyria", "*wayyišlaḥ*": "imperfect, consecutive, qal, 3rd person masculine singular - and he sent", "*meleḵ*": "noun, masculine singular construct - king of", "*yārēḇ*": "proper noun or participle - Jareb/contentious one", "*wə*": "conjunction - and", "*yûḵal*": "imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - he is able", "*yiḡhê*": "imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - he will remove/cure", "*māzôr*": "noun, masculine singular - wound/infection" }, "variants": { "*ḥālyô*": "his sickness/his disease/his illness", "*məzōrô*": "his wound/his sore/his infection", "*yārēḇ*": "Jareb (proper name)/contentious/warrior/one who contends", "*yûḵal*": "he is able/he can/he has power", "*yiḡhê*": "he will remove/he will cure/he will heal", "*māzôr*": "wound/infection/sore" } }
  • Hos 12:1 : 1 { "verseID": "Hosea.12.1", "source": "סְבָבֻ֤נִי בְכַ֙חַשׁ֙ אֶפְרַ֔יִם וּבְמִרְמָ֖ה בֵּ֣ית יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל וִֽיהוּדָ֗ה עֹ֥ד רָד֙ עִם־אֵ֔ל וְעִם־קְדוֹשִׁ֖ים נֶאֱמָֽן׃", "text": "*sĕbābunî* in-*kaḥaš* *ʾeprayim* *û*-in-*mirmâ* *bêt yiśrāʾēl* *vî-yĕhûdâ* yet *rād* with-*ʾēl* *vĕ*-with-*qĕdôšîm* *neʾĕmān*", "grammar": { "*sĕbābunî*": "verb, qal perfect 3rd plural with 1st singular suffix - they surround me", "*kaḥaš*": "noun, masculine singular - deceit/falsehood/lies", "*ʾeprayim*": "proper noun, masculine singular - Ephraim (tribe/kingdom)", "*û*": "conjunction - and", "*mirmâ*": "noun, feminine singular - deceit/treachery", "*bêt yiśrāʾēl*": "construct phrase - house of Israel", "*vî-yĕhûdâ*": "conjunction + proper noun - and Judah", "*rād*": "verb, qal participle masculine singular - roams/wanders/rules", "*ʾēl*": "noun, masculine singular - God/divine being", "*vĕ*": "conjunction - and", "*qĕdôšîm*": "adjective, masculine plural - holy ones/saints", "*neʾĕmān*": "verb, niphal participle masculine singular - faithful/trustworthy" }, "variants": { "*sĕbābunî*": "surround me/encompass me/encircle me", "*kaḥaš*": "deceit/lying/falsehood", "*rād*": "wanders/roams/rules/dominates", "*ʾēl*": "God/divine being/power", "*qĕdôšîm*": "holy ones/saints/holy beings" } }
  • Hos 11:11 : 11 { "verseID": "Hosea.11.11", "source": "יֶחֶרְד֤וּ כְצִפּוֹר֙ מִמִּצְרַ֔יִם וּכְיוֹנָ֖ה מֵאֶ֣רֶץ אַשּׁ֑וּר וְהוֹשַׁבְתִּ֥ים עַל־בָּתֵּיהֶ֖ם נְאֻם־יְהוָֽה׃ ס", "text": "They-*yeḥerdû* like-*ṣippôr* from-*Miṣrayim* and-like-*yônâ* from-*ʾereṣ* *ʾAššûr* and-I-*hôšabtîm* upon-*bāttêhem* *nəʾum*-*YHWH*.", "grammar": { "*yeḥerdû*": "verb, qal imperfect 3rd person masculine plural - they will tremble/hasten", "*kə-*": "preposition prefix - like/as", "*ṣippôr*": "noun, feminine singular - bird/sparrow", "*min-*": "preposition - from", "*Miṣrayim*": "proper noun - Egypt", "*û-kə-*": "conjunction with preposition prefix - and like", "*yônâ*": "noun, feminine singular - dove", "*mē-*": "preposition - from", "*ʾereṣ*": "noun, feminine singular construct - land of", "*ʾAššûr*": "proper noun - Assyria", "*wə-*": "conjunction prefix - and", "*hôšabtîm*": "verb, hiphil perfect 1st person singular with 3rd masculine plural suffix - I will cause them to dwell/settle", "*ʿal-*": "preposition - upon/on", "*bāttêhem*": "noun, masculine plural construct with 3rd masculine plural suffix - their houses", "*nəʾum-*": "noun, masculine singular construct - declaration of", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - the LORD" }, "variants": { "*yeḥerdû*": "will tremble/hasten/come trembling", "*ṣippôr*": "bird/sparrow", "*yônâ*": "dove/pigeon", "*ʾereṣ*": "land/earth/territory", "*hôšabtîm*": "will cause them to dwell/settle them/bring them to their homes", "*bāttêhem*": "their houses/homes", "*nəʾum*": "declaration/oracle/utterance" } }
  • Hos 4:11 : 11 { "verseID": "Hosea.4.11", "source": "זְנ֛וּת וְיַ֥יִן וְתִיר֖וֹשׁ יִֽקַּֽח־לֵֽב׃", "text": "*zənût* *wə-yayin* *wə-tîrôš* *yiqqaḥ*-*lēb*", "grammar": { "*zənût*": "noun, feminine singular - fornication/harlotry", "*wə-yayin*": "conjunction + noun, masculine singular - and wine", "*wə-tîrôš*": "conjunction + noun, masculine singular - and new wine", "*yiqqaḥ*": "imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - it takes away", "*lēb*": "noun, masculine singular - heart/mind/understanding" }, "variants": { "*zənût*": "fornication/harlotry/prostitution", "*tîrôš*": "new wine/fresh grape juice", "*lēb*": "heart/mind/inner self/understanding" } }
  • Hos 9:3 : 3 { "verseID": "Hosea.9.3", "source": "לֹ֥א יֵשְׁב֖וּ בְּאֶ֣רֶץ יְהוָ֑ה וְשָׁ֤ב אֶפְרַ֙יִם֙ מִצְרַ֔יִם וּבְאַשּׁ֖וּר טָמֵ֥א יֹאכֵֽלוּ׃", "text": "Not *yēšbû* in-*ʾereṣ* *YHWH* and-*šāb* *ʾeprayim* *miṣrayim* and-in-*ʾaššûr* *ṭāmēʾ* *yōʾkēlû*.", "grammar": { "*yēšbû*": "qal imperfect 3rd masculine plural - 'they will dwell/remain'", "*ʾereṣ*": "feminine singular construct - 'land of'", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - divine name", "*šāb*": "qal perfect 3rd masculine singular - 'returned/will return'", "*ʾeprayim*": "proper noun - 'Ephraim' (northern kingdom)", "*miṣrayim*": "proper noun - 'Egypt'", "*ʾaššûr*": "proper noun - 'Assyria'", "*ṭāmēʾ*": "adjective masculine singular - 'unclean/defiled'", "*yōʾkēlû*": "qal imperfect 3rd masculine plural - 'they will eat'" }, "variants": { "*yēšbû*": "they will dwell/they will remain/they will inhabit", "*ʾereṣ*": "land/country/territory", "*šāb*": "returned/will return/turned back", "*ṭāmēʾ*": "unclean/defiled/impure food", "*yōʾkēlû*": "they will eat/they will consume" } }
  • Hos 8:8-9 : 8 { "verseID": "Hosea.8.8", "source": "נִבְלַ֖ע יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל עַתָּה֙ הָי֣וּ בַגּוֹיִ֔ם כִּכְלִ֖י אֵֽין־חֵ֥פֶץ בּֽוֹ׃", "text": "*niḇlaʿ* *yiśrāʾēl*; now *hāyû* among the *gôyim* like *kəlî* *ʾên*-*ḥēp̄eṣ* in him.", "grammar": { "*niḇlaʿ*": "verb, nifal perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - he is swallowed up", "*yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel", "*hāyû*": "verb, qal perfect, 3rd person plural - they were/have become", "*gôyim*": "noun, masculine, plural absolute - nations/gentiles", "*kəlî*": "noun, masculine, singular construct - vessel/object of", "*ʾên*": "particle of negation - there is not", "*ḥēp̄eṣ*": "noun, masculine, singular absolute - delight/pleasure/desire" }, "variants": { "*niḇlaʿ*": "swallowed up/devoured/consumed", "*hāyû*": "they were/have become/have been", "*gôyim*": "nations/gentiles/peoples", "*kəlî*": "vessel/object/utensil", "*ḥēp̄eṣ*": "delight/pleasure/desire/value" } } 9 { "verseID": "Hosea.8.9", "source": "כִּֽי־הֵ֙מָּה֙ עָל֣וּ אַשּׁ֔וּר פֶּ֖רֶא בּוֹדֵ֣ד ל֑וֹ אֶפְרַ֖יִם הִתְנ֥וּ אֲהָבִֽים", "text": "For they *ʿālû* *ʾaššûr*, *pereʾ* *bôḏēḏ* to him; *ʾep̄rayim* *hiṯnû* *ʾăhāḇîm*.", "grammar": { "*ʿālû*": "verb, qal perfect, 3rd person plural - they went up", "*ʾaššûr*": "proper noun - Assyria", "*pereʾ*": "noun, masculine, singular absolute - wild donkey", "*bôḏēḏ*": "adjective, masculine, singular absolute - alone/solitary", "*ʾep̄rayim*": "proper noun - Ephraim", "*hiṯnû*": "verb, hifil perfect, 3rd person plural - they hired/purchased", "*ʾăhāḇîm*": "noun, masculine, plural absolute - loves/lovers" }, "variants": { "*ʿālû*": "went up/ascended/have gone", "*pereʾ*": "wild donkey/wild ass", "*bôḏēḏ*": "alone/solitary/isolated", "*hiṯnû*": "hired/purchased/gave gifts", "*ʾăhāḇîm*": "loves/lovers/love gifts" } }
  • Hos 14:3 : 3 { "verseID": "Hosea.14.3", "source": "קְח֤וּ עִמָּכֶם֙ דְּבָרִ֔ים וְשׁ֖וּבוּ אֶל־יְהוָ֑ה אִמְר֣וּ אֵלָ֗יו כָּל־תִּשָּׂ֤א עָוֺן֙ וְקַח־ט֔וֹב וּֽנְשַׁלְּמָ֥ה פָרִ֖ים שְׂפָתֵֽינוּ׃", "text": "*qĕḥû* *ʿimmāḵem* *dĕḇārîm* *wĕšûḇû* *ʾel*-*YHWH* *ʾimrû* *ʾēlāyw* *kol*-*tiśśāʾ* *ʿāwōn* *wĕqaḥ*-*ṭôḇ* *ûnĕšallĕmâ* *pārîm* *śĕpātênû*", "grammar": { "*qĕḥû*": "qal imperative masculine plural - take!", "*ʿimmāḵem*": "preposition + suffix - with you", "*dĕḇārîm*": "noun masculine plural - words", "*wĕšûḇû*": "conjunction + qal imperative masculine plural - and return!", "*ʾel*": "preposition - to, toward", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - the LORD (divine name)", "*ʾimrû*": "qal imperative masculine plural - say!", "*ʾēlāyw*": "preposition + suffix - to him", "*kol*": "noun masculine singular construct - all of", "*tiśśāʾ*": "qal imperfect 2nd masculine singular - you will forgive/lift away", "*ʿāwōn*": "noun masculine singular - iniquity", "*wĕqaḥ*": "conjunction + qal imperative masculine singular - and accept/take", "*ṭôḇ*": "adjective - good", "*ûnĕšallĕmâ*": "conjunction + piel cohortative 1st plural - and let us offer/repay", "*pārîm*": "noun masculine plural - bulls/bullocks", "*śĕpātênû*": "noun feminine plural construct + suffix - our lips" }, "variants": { "*dĕḇārîm*": "words/matters/things", "*tiśśāʾ*": "lift up/bear/forgive/take away", "*ʿāwōn*": "iniquity/guilt/punishment", "*ṭôḇ*": "good/goodness/what is good", "*nĕšallĕmâ*": "offer/repay/fulfill/make good", "*pārîm*": "bulls/bullocks (as sacrifices)", "*pārîm śĕpātênû*": "bulls of our lips (metaphor for praise offerings)" } }
  • 2 Kgs 15:19 : 19 { "verseID": "2 Kings.15.19", "source": "בָּ֣א פ֤וּל מֶֽלֶךְ־אַשּׁוּר֙ עַל־הָאָ֔רֶץ וַיִּתֵּ֤ן מְנַחֵם֙ לְפ֔וּל אֶ֖לֶף כִּכַּר־כָּ֑סֶף לִהְי֤וֹת יָדָיו֙ אִתּ֔וֹ לְהַחֲזִ֥יק הַמַּמְלָכָ֖ה בְּיָדֽוֹ׃", "text": "*Baʾ* *Pul* *melek*-*ʾAshshur* against-the *ʾarets*, and *yitten* *Mənaḥem* to *Pul* thousand *kikkar*-*kaseph* to *lihyot* *yadaw* with him, to *haḥaziq* the *mamlakah* in *yado*.", "grammar": { "*Baʾ*": "qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - came", "*Pul*": "proper name - Pul", "*melek*": "construct state, masculine singular - king of", "*ʾAshshur*": "proper name - Assyria", "*ʾarets*": "definite noun, feminine singular - the land", "*yitten*": "qal imperfect with waw consecutive, 3rd masculine singular - gave", "*Mənaḥem*": "proper name - Menahem", "*kikkar*": "construct state, feminine singular - talent of", "*kaseph*": "masculine singular - silver", "*lihyot*": "qal infinitive construct with prefix - to be", "*yadaw*": "feminine dual with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his hands", "*haḥaziq*": "hiphil infinitive construct with prefix - to strengthen", "*mamlakah*": "definite noun, feminine singular - the kingdom", "*yado*": "feminine singular with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his hand" }, "variants": { "*Pul*": "Pul (Tiglath-Pileser III)", "*kikkar*": "talent (unit of weight/money)", "*haḥaziq*": "to strengthen/to establish/to hold firm" } }
  • 2 Kgs 17:3-4 : 3 { "verseID": "2 Kings.17.3", "source": "עָלָ֣יו עָלָ֔ה שַׁלְמַנְאֶ֖סֶר מֶ֣לֶךְ אַשּׁ֑וּר וַֽיְהִי־ל֤וֹ הוֹשֵׁ֙עַ֙ עֶ֔בֶד וַיָּ֥שֶׁב ל֖וֹ מִנְחָֽה׃", "text": "Against-him *ʿālāh* *shalmaneʾeser* *melek* *ʾashshūr*, *wə*-*yəhî*-to-him *hōshēaʿ* *ʿebed*, *wə*-*yāsheb* to-him *minḥāh*.", "grammar": { "*ʿālāyw*": "preposition *ʿal* with 3rd masculine singular suffix - against him", "*ʿālāh*": "qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - he went up/came up", "*shalmaneʾeser*": "proper noun - Shalmaneser", "*melek*": "construct state, masculine singular - king of", "*ʾashshūr*": "proper noun - Assyria", "*wə*": "conjunction - and", "*yəhî*": "qal imperfect with waw consecutive, 3rd masculine singular - he became", "*lō*": "preposition with 3rd masculine singular suffix - to him", "*hōshēaʿ*": "proper noun - Hoshea", "*ʿebed*": "noun, masculine singular - servant/vassal", "*yāsheb*": "hiphil imperfect with waw consecutive, 3rd masculine singular - he brought back/returned", "*minḥāh*": "noun, feminine singular - tribute/gift/offering" }, "variants": { "*ʿālāh*": "went up/came up/attacked", "*ʿebed*": "servant/vassal/slave", "*yāsheb*": "brought back/returned/paid/rendered", "*minḥāh*": "tribute/present/gift/offering" } } 4 { "verseID": "2 Kings.17.4", "source": "וַיִּמְצָא֩ מֶֽלֶךְ־אַשּׁ֨וּר בְּהוֹשֵׁ֜עַ קֶ֗שֶׁר אֲשֶׁ֨ר שָׁלַ֤ח מַלְאָכִים֙ אֶל־ס֣וֹא מֶֽלֶךְ־מִצְרַ֔יִם וְלֹא־הֶעֱלָ֥ה מִנְחָ֛ה לְמֶ֥לֶךְ אַשּׁ֖וּר כְּשָׁנָ֣ה בְשָׁנָ֑ה וַֽיַּעְצְרֵ֙הוּ֙ מֶ֣לֶךְ אַשּׁ֔וּר וַיַּאַסְרֵ֖הוּ בֵּ֥ית כֶּֽלֶא׃", "text": "*wə*-*yimṣāʾ* *melek*-*ʾashshūr* in-*hōshēaʿ* *qesher* *ʾăsher* *shālaḥ* *malʾākîm* to-*sōʾ* *melek*-*miṣrayim*, *wə*-*lōʾ*-*heʿĕlāh* *minḥāh* to-*melek* *ʾashshūr* as-*shānāh* in-*shānāh*, *wə*-*yaʿṣerēhū* *melek* *ʾashshūr* *wə*-*yaʾasrēhū* *bêt* *keleʾ*.", "grammar": { "*wə*": "conjunction - and", "*yimṣāʾ*": "qal imperfect with waw consecutive, 3rd masculine singular - he found", "*melek*": "construct state, masculine singular - king of", "*ʾashshūr*": "proper noun - Assyria", "*bə-hōshēaʿ*": "preposition with proper noun - in Hoshea", "*qesher*": "noun, masculine singular - conspiracy/treason", "*ʾăsher*": "relative pronoun - who/which", "*shālaḥ*": "qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - he sent", "*malʾākîm*": "noun, masculine plural - messengers", "*ʾel-sōʾ*": "preposition with proper noun - to So", "*melek-miṣrayim*": "construct state with proper noun - king of Egypt", "*lōʾ-heʿĕlāh*": "negative particle with hiphil perfect, 3rd masculine singular - he did not bring up", "*minḥāh*": "noun, feminine singular - tribute/offering", "*lə-melek*": "preposition with noun - to king of", "*kə-shānāh bə-shānāh*": "prepositional phrase - as year by year", "*yaʿṣerēhū*": "qal imperfect with waw consecutive, 3rd masculine singular with 3rd masculine singular suffix - he restrained him", "*yaʾasrēhū*": "qal imperfect with waw consecutive, 3rd masculine singular with 3rd masculine singular suffix - he bound him", "*bêt keleʾ*": "construct state with noun - house of imprisonment" }, "variants": { "*qesher*": "conspiracy/treason/plot", "*malʾākîm*": "messengers/ambassadors", "*heʿĕlāh*": "bring up/offer/pay", "*minḥāh*": "tribute/present/offering", "*yaʿṣerēhū*": "restrained/detained/seized him", "*yaʾasrēhū*": "bound/imprisoned him", "*bêt keleʾ*": "prison house/house of detention" } }
  • Prov 6:32 : 32 { "verseID": "Proverbs.6.32", "source": "נֹאֵ֣ף אִשָּׁ֣ה חֲסַר־לֵ֑ב מַֽשְׁחִ֥ית נַ֝פְשׁ֗וֹ ה֣וּא יַעֲשֶֽׂנָּה׃", "text": "*nōʾēp* *ʾiššāh* lacking-*lēv* *mašḥît* *napšô* he *yaʿăśennāh*", "grammar": { "*nōʾēp*": "verb, qal participle masculine singular - committing adultery with", "*ʾiššāh*": "noun, feminine singular - woman", "*lēv*": "noun, masculine singular - heart/mind", "*mašḥît*": "verb, hiphil participle masculine singular - destroying", "*napšô*": "noun, feminine singular with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his soul", "*yaʿăśennāh*": "verb, qal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular with 3rd person feminine singular suffix - he does it" }, "variants": { "*nōʾēp*": "committing adultery with/being unfaithful with", "*lēv*": "heart/mind/understanding", "*mašḥît*": "destroying/ruining", "*napšô*": "his soul/his life/himself" } }
  • Prov 15:32 : 32 { "verseID": "Proverbs.15.32", "source": "פּוֹרֵ֣עַ מ֭וּסָר מוֹאֵ֣ס נַפְשׁ֑וֹ וְשׁוֹמֵ֥עַ תּ֝וֹכַ֗חַת ק֣וֹנֶה לֵּֽב׃", "text": "*Pôrēaʿ mûsār môʾēs nap̄šô wəšômēaʿ tôḵaḥat qôneh lēḇ*", "grammar": { "*Pôrēaʿ*": "qal participle, masculine singular - ignores/rejects", "*mûsār*": "noun, masculine singular - discipline/instruction", "*môʾēs*": "qal participle, masculine singular - despises/rejects", "*nap̄šô*": "noun, feminine singular + 3rd masculine singular suffix - his soul/himself", "*wəšômēaʿ*": "conjunction + qal participle, masculine singular - but hearer of", "*tôḵaḥat*": "noun, feminine singular - reproof/correction", "*qôneh*": "qal participle, masculine singular - acquires/gains", "*lēḇ*": "noun, masculine singular - heart/understanding" }, "variants": { "*Pôrēaʿ mûsār*": "ignores discipline/rejects instruction", "*môʾēs nap̄šô*": "despises himself/rejects his own soul", "*wəšômēaʿ tôḵaḥat*": "but hearer of reproof/yet one who listens to correction", "*qôneh lēḇ*": "acquires understanding/gains heart/obtains wisdom" } }
  • Prov 17:16 : 16 { "verseID": "Proverbs.17.16", "source": "לָמָּה־זֶּה מְחִיר בְּיַד־כְּסִיל לִקְנוֹת חָכְמָה וְלֶב־אָיִן", "text": "Why this *məchîr* in *yad*-*kəsîl* *liqnôt* *chŏkmāh* *wə-lēb*-*'āyin*", "grammar": { "*lāmmāh*": "interrogative - why", "*zeh*": "demonstrative - this", "*məchîr*": "noun, masculine singular - price/payment", "*bə-yad*": "preposition + noun, feminine singular construct - in hand of", "*kəsîl*": "noun, masculine singular - fool", "*liqnôt*": "preposition + infinitive construct, Qal - to buy/acquire", "*chŏkmāh*": "noun, feminine singular - wisdom", "*wə-lēb*": "conjunction + noun, masculine singular - and heart", "*'āyin*": "adverbial particle - there is not/without" }, "variants": { "*məchîr*": "price/payment/cost", "*yad*": "hand/power/control", "*kəsîl*": "fool/stupid person", "*liqnôt*": "to buy/acquire/purchase", "*chŏkmāh*": "wisdom/skill/knowledge", "*lēb-'āyin*": "without heart/without understanding/without intelligence" } }
  • Isa 30:1-6 : 1 { "verseID": "Isaiah.30.1", "source": "הוֹי בָּנִים סוֹרְרִים נְאֻם־יְהוָה לַעֲשׂוֹת עֵצָה וְלֹא מִנִּי וְלִנְסֹךְ מַסֵּכָה וְלֹא רוּחִי לְמַעַן סְפוֹת חַטָּאת עַל־חַטָּאת׃", "text": "*Hōy* *bānîm* *sōrerîm* *neʾum*-*Yhwh* to do *ʿēṣâ* and not from me, and to pour out *massēkâ* and not [of] my *rûaḥ*, for the sake of adding *ḥaṭṭāʾt* upon *ḥaṭṭāʾt*.", "grammar": { "*Hōy*": "interjection - woe/alas", "*bānîm*": "masculine plural construct - sons/children", "*sōrerîm*": "qal participle masculine plural - rebellious/stubborn ones", "*neʾum*": "construct noun - utterance/declaration of", "*Yhwh*": "divine name - LORD/Yahweh", "*ʿēṣâ*": "feminine singular noun - counsel/plan/advice", "*massēkâ*": "feminine singular noun - molten image/libation", "*rûaḥ*": "feminine singular noun with 1st person singular suffix - my spirit/breath", "*ḥaṭṭāʾt*": "feminine singular noun - sin/offense" }, "variants": { "*Hōy*": "woe/alas/ah", "*bānîm*": "sons/children/descendants", "*sōrerîm*": "rebellious/stubborn/defiant", "*neʾum*": "utterance/declaration/oracle", "*ʿēṣâ*": "counsel/plan/advice/design", "*massēkâ*": "molten image/cast idol/libation", "*rûaḥ*": "spirit/breath/wind", "*ḥaṭṭāʾt*": "sin/offense/punishment for sin" } } 2 { "verseID": "Isaiah.30.2", "source": "הַהֹלְכִים לָרֶדֶת מִצְרַיִם וּפִי לֹא שָׁאָלוּ לָעוֹז בְּמָעוֹז פַּרְעֹה וְלַחְסוֹת בְּצֵל מִצְרָיִם׃", "text": "The ones *hahōlekîm* to go down [to] *Miṣrayim* and my *pî* not they *šāʾālû* to be strong in the *māʿōz* of *Parʿōh* and to find refuge in the shadow of *Miṣrayim*.", "grammar": { "*hahōlekîm*": "qal participle masculine plural with definite article - the ones going/walking", "*Miṣrayim*": "proper noun - Egypt", "*pî*": "masculine singular noun with 1st person singular suffix - my mouth", "*šāʾālû*": "qal perfect 3rd person plural - they asked/inquired", "*māʿōz*": "masculine singular construct - stronghold/refuge of", "*Parʿōh*": "proper noun - Pharaoh" }, "variants": { "*hahōlekîm*": "the ones going/walking/proceeding", "*Miṣrayim*": "Egypt (dual form)", "*pî*": "my mouth/command/word", "*šāʾālû*": "they asked/inquired/consulted", "*māʿōz*": "stronghold/refuge/protection", "*Parʿōh*": "Pharaoh (title of Egyptian kings)" } } 3 { "verseID": "Isaiah.30.3", "source": "וְהָיָה לָכֶם מָעוֹז פַּרְעֹה לְבֹשֶׁת וְהֶחָסוּת בְּצֵל־מִצְרַיִם לִכְלִמָּה׃", "text": "And it shall *hāyâ* for you [the] *māʿōz* of *Parʿōh* for *bōšet*, and the refuge in [the] shadow of *Miṣrayim* for *kelimmâ*.", "grammar": { "*hāyâ*": "qal perfect 3rd person masculine singular - it was/became/will be", "*māʿōz*": "masculine singular construct - stronghold/refuge of", "*Parʿōh*": "proper noun - Pharaoh", "*bōšet*": "feminine singular noun - shame/disgrace", "*Miṣrayim*": "proper noun - Egypt", "*kelimmâ*": "feminine singular noun - disgrace/dishonor/humiliation" }, "variants": { "*hāyâ*": "was/became/will be", "*māʿōz*": "stronghold/refuge/protection", "*Parʿōh*": "Pharaoh (title of Egyptian kings)", "*bōšet*": "shame/disgrace/disappointment", "*kelimmâ*": "disgrace/dishonor/humiliation/reproach" } } 4 { "verseID": "Isaiah.30.4", "source": "כִּי־הָיוּ בְצֹעַן שָׂרָיו וּמַלְאָכָיו חָנֵס יַגִּיעוּ׃", "text": "For they *hāyû* in *Ṣōʿan* his *śārâyw* and his *malʾākâyw* [to] *Ḥānēs* *yaggîʿû*.", "grammar": { "*hāyû*": "qal perfect 3rd person plural - they were/became", "*Ṣōʿan*": "proper noun - Zoan (city in Egypt)", "*śārâyw*": "masculine plural noun with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his officials/princes", "*malʾākâyw*": "masculine plural noun with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his messengers/envoys", "*Ḥānēs*": "proper noun - Hanes (city in Egypt)", "*yaggîʿû*": "hiphil imperfect 3rd person plural - they will reach/arrive" }, "variants": { "*hāyû*": "they were/became/have been", "*Ṣōʿan*": "Zoan (ancient city in Egypt's Nile Delta)", "*śārâyw*": "his officials/princes/leaders", "*malʾākâyw*": "his messengers/envoys/ambassadors", "*Ḥānēs*": "Hanes (Egyptian city, likely Heracleopolis)", "*yaggîʿû*": "they will reach/arrive/come to" } } 5 { "verseID": "Isaiah.30.5", "source": "כֹּל הבאיש הֹבִישׁ עַל־עַם לֹא־יוֹעִילוּ לָמוֹ לֹא לְעֵזֶר וְלֹא לְהוֹעִיל כִּי לְבֹשֶׁת וְגַם־לְחֶרְפָּה׃", "text": "All *hōbîš* upon a people [that] not *yôʿîlû* to them, not for help and not for profit, but for *bōšet* and also for *ḥerpâ*.", "grammar": { "*hōbîš*": "hiphil perfect 3rd person masculine singular - he caused shame/made ashamed", "*yôʿîlû*": "hiphil imperfect 3rd person plural - they will profit/benefit", "*bōšet*": "feminine singular noun - shame/disgrace", "*ḥerpâ*": "feminine singular noun - reproach/disgrace" }, "variants": { "*hōbîš*": "he caused shame/made ashamed/brought to disgrace", "*yôʿîlû*": "they will profit/benefit/be of use", "*bōšet*": "shame/disgrace/disappointment", "*ḥerpâ*": "reproach/disgrace/scorn/insult" } } 6 { "verseID": "Isaiah.30.6", "source": "מַשָּׂא בַּהֲמוֹת נֶגֶב בְּאֶרֶץ צָרָה וְצוּקָה לָבִיא וָלַיִשׁ מֵהֶם אֶפְעֶה וְשָׂרָף מְעוֹפֵף יִשְׂאוּ עַל־כֶּתֶף עֲיָרִים חֵילֵהֶם וְעַל־דַּבֶּשֶׁת גְּמַלִּים אוֹצְרֹתָם עַל־עַם לֹא יוֹעִילוּ׃", "text": "*Maśśāʾ* of *bahămôt* [of the] *negeb*: in a land of *ṣārâ* and *ṣûqâ*, *lābîʾ* and *layiš* from them, *ʾepʿeh* and *śārāp* *meʿôpēp*, they *yiśʾû* upon [the] shoulder of *ʿăyārîm* their *ḥêlēhem*, and upon [the] hump of *gemallîm* their *ʾôṣerōtām*, to a people [that] will not *yôʿîlû*.", "grammar": { "*Maśśāʾ*": "masculine singular construct - burden/oracle concerning", "*bahămôt*": "feminine plural noun - beasts/animals", "*negeb*": "proper noun - Negev/South", "*ṣārâ*": "feminine singular noun - distress/trouble", "*ṣûqâ*": "feminine singular noun - distress/pressure", "*lābîʾ*": "masculine singular noun - lion", "*layiš*": "masculine singular noun - lion", "*ʾepʿeh*": "feminine singular noun - viper/adder", "*śārāp*": "masculine singular noun - fiery serpent", "*meʿôpēp*": "polel participle masculine singular - flying", "*yiśʾû*": "qal imperfect 3rd person plural - they will carry/bear", "*ʿăyārîm*": "masculine plural noun - young donkeys", "*ḥêlēhem*": "masculine singular noun with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - their wealth/strength", "*gemallîm*": "masculine plural noun - camels", "*ʾôṣerōtām*": "masculine plural noun with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - their treasures", "*yôʿîlû*": "hiphil imperfect 3rd person plural - they will profit/benefit" }, "variants": { "*Maśśāʾ*": "burden/oracle/prophecy", "*bahămôt*": "beasts/animals/cattle", "*negeb*": "Negev/South/southern region", "*ṣārâ*": "distress/trouble/adversity", "*ṣûqâ*": "distress/pressure/constraint", "*lābîʾ*": "lion (older male lion)", "*layiš*": "lion (strong lion)", "*ʾepʿeh*": "viper/adder/poisonous snake", "*śārāp*": "fiery serpent/seraph/burning one", "*meʿôpēp*": "flying/hovering/fluttering", "*yiśʾû*": "they will carry/bear/lift", "*ʿăyārîm*": "young donkeys/male donkeys/colts", "*ḥêlēhem*": "their wealth/strength/resources", "*gemallîm*": "camels", "*ʾôṣerōtām*": "their treasures/riches/storehouses", "*yôʿîlû*": "they will profit/benefit/be of use" } }
  • Isa 31:1-3 : 1 { "verseID": "Isaiah.31.1", "source": "הוֹי הַיֹּרְדִים מִצְרַיִם לְעֶזְרָה עַל־סוּסִים יִשָּׁעֵנוּ וַיִּבְטְחוּ עַל־רֶכֶב כִּי רָב וְעַל פָּרָשִׁים כִּי־עָצְמוּ מְאֹד וְלֹא שָׁעוּ עַל־קְדוֹשׁ יִשְׂרָאֵל וְאֶת־יְהוָה לֹא דָרָשׁוּ", "text": "*Hôy* the *yōrᵉdîm* *Miṣrayim* for *ʿezrâ*, upon *sûsîm* *yiššāʿēnû*, and *wayyiḇṭᵉḥû* upon *reḵeḇ* because *rāḇ*, and upon *pārāšîm* because they *ʿāṣᵉmû* *mᵉʾōd*, and not *šāʿû* upon *qᵉdôš* *Yiśrāʾēl* and *ʾet*-*Yhwh* not *dārāšû*", "grammar": { "*Hôy*": "interjection - woe/alas", "*yōrᵉdîm*": "participle, masculine plural - going down", "*Miṣrayim*": "proper noun - Egypt", "*ʿezrâ*": "noun, feminine singular - help/assistance", "*sûsîm*": "noun, masculine plural - horses", "*yiššāʿēnû*": "imperfect, 3rd plural, niphal - they lean/rely", "*wayyiḇṭᵉḥû*": "imperfect with waw consecutive, 3rd plural, qal - and they trust", "*reḵeḇ*": "noun, masculine singular - chariot(s)", "*rāḇ*": "adjective, masculine singular - many/great", "*pārāšîm*": "noun, masculine plural - horsemen", "*ʿāṣᵉmû*": "perfect, 3rd plural, qal - they are strong/mighty", "*mᵉʾōd*": "adverb - very/exceedingly", "*šāʿû*": "perfect, 3rd plural, qal - they look/gaze", "*qᵉdôš*": "adjective, masculine singular - holy one", "*Yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*Yhwh*": "proper noun - LORD", "*dārāšû*": "perfect, 3rd plural, qal - they seek/inquire" }, "variants": { "*Hôy*": "woe/alas/ah", "*yōrᵉdîm*": "those going down/those who descend", "*Miṣrayim*": "Egypt/Egyptians", "*ʿezrâ*": "help/assistance/aid", "*yiššāʿēnû*": "they lean/rely/depend", "*reḵeḇ*": "chariot(s)/vehicle(s)", "*šāʿû*": "they gaze/look/regard", "*dārāšû*": "they seek/inquire/consult" } } 2 { "verseID": "Isaiah.31.2", "source": "וְגַם־הוּא חָכָם וַיָּבֵא רָע וְאֶת־דְּבָרָיו לֹא הֵסִיר וְקָם עַל־בֵּית מְרֵעִים וְעַל־עֶזְרַת פֹּעֲלֵי אָוֶן", "text": "And *gam*-*hûʾ* *ḥāḵām* and *wayyāḇēʾ* *rāʿ* and *ʾet*-*dᵉḇārāyw* not *hēsîr* and *qām* against *bêt* *mᵉrēʿîm* and against *ʿezrat* *pōʿᵃlê* *ʾāwen*", "grammar": { "*gam*": "adverb - also/even", "*hûʾ*": "pronoun, 3rd masculine singular - he", "*ḥāḵām*": "adjective, masculine singular - wise", "*wayyāḇēʾ*": "imperfect with waw consecutive, 3rd masculine singular, hiphil - and he brings", "*rāʿ*": "noun, masculine singular - evil/calamity", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*dᵉḇārāyw*": "noun, masculine plural with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his words", "*hēsîr*": "perfect, 3rd masculine singular, hiphil - he removes/takes away", "*qām*": "perfect, 3rd masculine singular, qal - he rises/stands", "*bêt*": "noun, masculine singular construct - house of", "*mᵉrēʿîm*": "participle, masculine plural, hiphil - evildoers", "*ʿezrat*": "noun, feminine singular construct - help of", "*pōʿᵃlê*": "participle, masculine plural construct, qal - workers of", "*ʾāwen*": "noun, masculine singular - iniquity/wickedness" }, "variants": { "*ḥāḵām*": "wise/skillful/clever", "*wayyāḇēʾ*": "brings/causes to come", "*rāʿ*": "evil/calamity/disaster", "*hēsîr*": "removes/takes away/turns aside", "*qām*": "rises/stands/arises", "*mᵉrēʿîm*": "evildoers/those who do evil", "*ʾāwen*": "iniquity/wickedness/trouble" } } 3 { "verseID": "Isaiah.31.3", "source": "וּמִצְרַיִם אָדָם וְלֹא־אֵל וְסוּסֵיהֶם בָּשָׂר וְלֹא־רוּחַ וַיהוָה יַטֶּה יָדוֹ וְכָשַׁל עוֹזֵר וְנָפַל עָזֻר וְיַחְדָּו כֻּלָּם יִכְלָיוּן", "text": "And *Miṣrayim* *ʾādām* and not-*ʾēl* and *sûsêhem* *bāśār* and not-*rûaḥ* and *wa-Yhwh* *yaṭṭeh* *yādô* and *ḵāšal* *ʿôzēr* and *nāp̄al* *ʿāzur* and *yaḥdāw* *kullām* *yiḵlāyûn*", "grammar": { "*Miṣrayim*": "proper noun - Egypt", "*ʾādām*": "noun, masculine singular - man/human", "*ʾēl*": "noun, masculine singular - God/deity", "*sûsêhem*": "noun, masculine plural with 3rd masculine plural suffix - their horses", "*bāśār*": "noun, masculine singular - flesh", "*rûaḥ*": "noun, feminine singular - spirit/breath", "*wa-Yhwh*": "proper noun with conjunction - and LORD", "*yaṭṭeh*": "imperfect, 3rd masculine singular, hiphil - he stretches out", "*yādô*": "noun, feminine singular with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his hand", "*ḵāšal*": "perfect, 3rd masculine singular, qal - he stumbles", "*ʿôzēr*": "participle, masculine singular, qal - helper", "*nāp̄al*": "perfect, 3rd masculine singular, qal - he falls", "*ʿāzur*": "passive participle, masculine singular, qal - one being helped", "*yaḥdāw*": "adverb - together", "*kullām*": "noun, masculine singular with 3rd masculine plural suffix - all of them", "*yiḵlāyûn*": "imperfect, 3rd masculine plural, qal - they perish" }, "variants": { "*ʾādām*": "man/human/mankind", "*ʾēl*": "God/deity/divine being", "*bāśār*": "flesh/meat/body", "*rûaḥ*": "spirit/breath/wind", "*yaṭṭeh*": "stretches out/extends/bends", "*ḵāšal*": "stumbles/trips/fails", "*nāp̄al*": "falls/drops/collapses", "*yiḵlāyûn*": "perish/come to an end/are consumed" } }
  • Jer 2:18 : 18 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.2.18", "source": "וְעַתָּ֗ה מַה־לָּךְ֙ לְדֶ֣רֶךְ מִצְרַ֔יִם לִשְׁתּ֖וֹת מֵ֣י שִׁח֑וֹר וּמַה־לָּךְ֙ לְדֶ֣רֶךְ אַשּׁ֔וּר לִשְׁתּ֖וֹת מֵ֥י נָהָֽר׃", "text": "*Wə-ʿattāh* *mah*-*lāk* *lə-derek* *Miṣrayim* *lištôt* *mê* *šiḥôr* *û-mah*-*lāk* *lə-derek* *ʾAššûr* *lištôt* *mê* *nāhār*", "grammar": { "*Wə-ʿattāh*": "conjunction + adverb - and now", "*mah*-*lāk*": "interrogative pronoun + preposition + 2nd feminine singular suffix - what to you", "*lə-derek*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular construct - to way of", "*Miṣrayim*": "proper noun - Egypt", "*lištôt*": "preposition + qal infinitive construct - to drink", "*mê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - waters of", "*šiḥôr*": "proper noun - Shihor/Nile", "*û-mah*-*lāk*": "conjunction + interrogative pronoun + preposition + 2nd feminine singular suffix - and what to you", "*lə-derek*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular construct - to way of", "*ʾAššûr*": "proper noun - Assyria", "*lištôt*": "preposition + qal infinitive construct - to drink", "*mê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - waters of", "*nāhār*": "noun, masculine singular - river" }, "variants": { "*mah*-*lāk*": "what is it to you/what business have you/what profit for you", "*derek*": "way/road/path/journey", "*lištôt*": "to drink/for drinking", "*mê*": "waters of/water from", "*šiḥôr*": "Shihor/Nile/Black River", "*nāhār*": "river/Euphrates" } }
  • Jer 2:36 : 36 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.2.36", "source": "מַה־תֵּזְלִ֥י מְאֹ֖ד לְשַׁנּ֣וֹת אֶת־דַּרְכֵּ֑ךְ גַּ֤ם מִמִּצְרַ֙יִם֙ תֵּב֔וֹשִׁי כַּאֲשֶׁר־בֹּ֖שְׁתְּ מֵאַשּֽׁוּר׃", "text": "Why *tēzəlî* *məʾōd* *ləšannôt* *ʾet*-*darkēk*? *Gam* from *miṣrayim* *tēḇôšî* when *bōšət* from *ʾaššûr*.", "grammar": { "*tēzəlî*": "qal imperfect, 2nd person feminine singular - you go about/you travel", "*məʾōd*": "adverb - very much/greatly/exceedingly", "*ləšannôt*": "piel infinitive construct with preposition - to change", "*darkēk*": "noun with 2nd person feminine singular suffix - your way", "*Gam*": "adverb - also/even", "*miṣrayim*": "proper noun with preposition - from Egypt", "*tēḇôšî*": "qal imperfect, 2nd person feminine singular - you will be ashamed", "*bōšət*": "qal perfect, 2nd person feminine singular - you were ashamed", "*ʾaššûr*": "proper noun with preposition - from Assyria" }, "variants": { "*tēzəlî*": "you go about/you travel/you wander/you are so eager", "*məʾōd*": "very much/greatly/exceedingly", "*ləšannôt*": "to change/to alter/to vary", "*darkēk*": "your way/your path/your course of life", "*tēḇôšî*": "you will be ashamed/you will be disappointed/you will be confounded", "*bōšət*": "you were ashamed/you were disappointed/you were confounded" } }
  • Ezek 23:4-8 : 4 { "verseID": "Ezekiel.23.4", "source": "וּשְׁמוֹתָ֗ן אָהֳלָ֤ה הַגְּדוֹלָה֙ וְאָהֳלִיבָ֣ה אֲחוֹתָ֔הּ וַתִּֽהְיֶ֣ינָה לִ֔י וַתֵּלַ֖דְנָה בָּנִ֣ים וּבָנ֑וֹת וּשְׁמוֹתָ֕ן שֹׁמְר֣וֹן אָהֳלָ֔ה וִירוּשָׁלַ֖͏ִם אָהֳלִיבָֽה׃", "text": "And *šəmôtān* *ʾāhŏlâ* *haggədôlâ* and *ʾāhŏlîḇâ* *ʾăḥôtāh* and *wattihyênâ* to me and *wattēladnâ* *bānîm* and *ḇānôt* and *šəmôtān* *šōmərôn* *ʾāhŏlâ* and *yərûšālaim* *ʾāhŏlîḇâ*", "grammar": { "*šəmôtān*": "plural noun + 3rd plural feminine suffix - their names", "*ʾāhŏlâ*": "proper noun - Oholah (lit. 'her tent')", "*haggədôlâ*": "definite article + feminine adjective - the elder/greater", "*ʾāhŏlîḇâ*": "proper noun - Oholibah (lit. 'my tent is in her')", "*ʾăḥôtāh*": "noun + 3rd feminine singular suffix - her sister", "*wattihyênâ*": "3rd plural feminine waw-consecutive imperfect of *hāyâ* - and they became", "*wattēladnâ*": "3rd plural feminine waw-consecutive imperfect of *yālad* - and they bore", "*bānîm*": "masculine plural noun - sons", "*ḇānôt*": "feminine plural noun - daughters", "*šōmərôn*": "proper noun - Samaria", "*yərûšālaim*": "proper noun - Jerusalem" }, "variants": { "*ʾāhŏlâ*": "Oholah/her tent", "*ʾāhŏlîḇâ*": "Oholibah/my tent is in her", "*haggədôlâ*": "the elder/greater/older", "*šōmərôn*": "Samaria/watch-mountain" } } 5 { "verseID": "Ezekiel.23.5", "source": "וַתִּ֥זֶן אָהֳלָ֖ה תַּחְתָּ֑י וַתַּעְגַּב֙ עַֽל־מְאַהֲבֶ֔יהָ אֶל־אַשּׁ֖וּר קְרוֹבִֽים׃", "text": "And *wattizen* *ʾāhŏlâ* *taḥtāy* and *wattaʿgaḇ* *ʿal*-*məʾahăḇêhā* to-*ʾaššûr* *qərôḇîm*", "grammar": { "*wattizen*": "3rd feminine singular waw-consecutive imperfect of *zānâ* - and she played the harlot", "*ʾāhŏlâ*": "proper noun - Oholah", "*taḥtāy*": "preposition + 1st singular suffix - under me", "*wattaʿgaḇ*": "3rd feminine singular waw-consecutive imperfect of *ʿāgaḇ* - and she lusted after", "*ʿal*-*məʾahăḇêhā*": "preposition + masculine plural noun + 3rd feminine singular suffix - after/upon her lovers", "*ʾaššûr*": "proper noun - Assyria", "*qərôḇîm*": "masculine plural adjective - neighboring/near" }, "variants": { "*taḥtāy*": "under me/while she was mine", "*ʿāgaḇ*": "to lust after/dote upon", "*məʾahăḇêhā*": "lovers/paramours", "*qərôḇîm*": "neighboring/near/approaching/who were close by" } } 6 { "verseID": "Ezekiel.23.6", "source": "לְבֻשֵׁ֤י תְכֵ֙לֶת֙ פַּח֣וֹת וּסְגָנִ֔ים בַּח֥וּרֵי חֶ֖מֶד כֻּלָּ֑ם פָּרָשִׁ֕ים רֹכְבֵ֖י סוּסִֽים׃", "text": "*ləḇušê* *təḵēlet* *paḥôt* and *səḡānîm* *baḥûrê* *ḥemed* all of them *pārāšîm* *rōḵəḇê* *sûsîm*", "grammar": { "*ləḇušê*": "masculine plural construct - clothed in/wearing", "*təḵēlet*": "feminine singular noun - blue/purple", "*paḥôt*": "masculine plural noun - governors", "*səḡānîm*": "masculine plural noun - officials/rulers", "*baḥûrê*": "masculine plural construct - young men of", "*ḥemed*": "masculine singular noun - desire/delight", "*pārāšîm*": "masculine plural noun - horsemen", "*rōḵəḇê*": "masculine plural construct participle - riders of", "*sûsîm*": "masculine plural noun - horses" }, "variants": { "*təḵēlet*": "blue/purple/violet", "*paḥôt*": "governors/captains/officials", "*səḡānîm*": "prefects/rulers/officials", "*baḥûrê*": "young men/choice men", "*ḥemed*": "desire/desirability/precious" } } 7 { "verseID": "Ezekiel.23.7", "source": "וַתִּתֵּ֤ן תַּזְנוּתֶ֙יהָ֙ עֲלֵיהֶ֔ם מִבְחַ֥ר בְּנֵֽי־אַשּׁ֖וּר כֻּלָּ֑ם וּבְכֹ֧ל אֲשֶׁר־עֽ͏ָגְבָ֛ה בְּכָל־גִּלּוּלֵיהֶ֖ם נִטְמָֽאָה׃", "text": "And *wattitēn* *taznûtêhā* upon them *miḇḥar* *bənê*-*ʾaššûr* all of them and with all whom *ʿāḡəḇâ* with all-*gillûlêhem* *niṭmāʾâ*", "grammar": { "*wattitēn*": "3rd feminine singular waw-consecutive imperfect of *nātan* - and she gave/bestowed", "*taznûtêhā*": "plural noun + 3rd feminine singular suffix - her harlotries/prostitutions", "*miḇḥar*": "construct singular - choice of/select", "*bənê*-*ʾaššûr*": "masculine plural construct noun + proper noun - sons of Assyria", "*ʿāḡəḇâ*": "3rd feminine singular Qal perfect - she lusted after", "*gillûlêhem*": "masculine plural noun + 3rd masculine plural suffix - their idols", "*niṭmāʾâ*": "3rd feminine singular Niphal perfect - she was defiled" }, "variants": { "*taznûtêhā*": "her harlotries/prostitutions/fornications", "*miḇḥar*": "choice/select/best", "*gillûlêhem*": "their idols/images/filthy things", "*niṭmāʾâ*": "she was defiled/polluted" } } 8 { "verseID": "Ezekiel.23.8", "source": "וְאֶת־תַּזְנוּתֶ֤יהָ מִמִּצְרַ֙יִם֙ לֹ֣א עָזָ֔בָה כִּ֤י אוֹתָהּ֙ שָׁכְב֣וּ בִנְעוּרֶ֔יהָ וְהֵ֥מָּה עִשּׂ֖וּ דַּדֵּ֣י בְתוּלֶ֑יהָ וַיִּשְׁפְּכ֥וּ תַזְנוּתָ֖ם עָלֶֽיהָ׃", "text": "And *ʾet*-*taznûtêhā* from *miṣrayim* not *ʿāzāḇâ* for *ʾôtāh* *šāḵəḇû* in *ḇinəʿûrêhā* and they *ʿiśśû* *daddê* *ḇətûlêhā* and *wayyišpəḵû* *taznûtām* upon her", "grammar": { "*ʾet*-*taznûtêhā*": "direct object marker + plural noun + 3rd feminine singular suffix - her harlotries", "*miṣrayim*": "proper noun - Egypt", "*ʿāzāḇâ*": "3rd feminine singular Qal perfect - she abandoned/left", "*ʾôtāh*": "direct object + 3rd feminine singular suffix - her/with her", "*šāḵəḇû*": "3rd plural Qal perfect - they lay/slept with", "*ḇinəʿûrêhā*": "preposition + plural noun + 3rd feminine singular suffix - in her youth", "*ʿiśśû*": "3rd plural Piel perfect - they handled/pressed", "*daddê*": "plural construct - breasts of", "*ḇətûlêhā*": "plural noun + 3rd feminine singular suffix - her virginity/maidenhood", "*wayyišpəḵû*": "3rd plural masculine waw-consecutive imperfect of *šāpaḵ* - and they poured out", "*taznûtām*": "plural noun + 3rd masculine plural suffix - their fornication" }, "variants": { "*ʿāzāḇâ*": "she left/abandoned/forsook", "*šāḵəḇû*": "they lay with/slept with/had sexual relations with", "*daddê*": "breasts/love/affection", "*šāpaḵ*": "to pour out/spill", "*taznûtām*": "their fornication/harlotry/prostitution" } }