Verse 2

{ "verseID": "Ezra.9.2", "source": "כִּֽי־נָשְׂא֣וּ מִבְּנֹֽתֵיהֶ֗ם לָהֶם֙ וְלִבְנֵיהֶ֔ם וְהִתְעָֽרְבוּ֙ זֶ֣רַע הַקֹּ֔דֶשׁ בְּעַמֵּ֖י הָאֲרָצ֑וֹת וְיַ֧ד הַשָּׂרִ֣ים וְהַסְּגָנִ֗ים הָ֥יְתָ֛ה בַּמַּ֥עַל הַזֶּ֖ה רִאשׁוֹנָֽה", "text": "For *nāśāʾ* from-*bǝnôtêhem* for-them and-for-*bǝnêhem*, and-*ʿārab* *zeraʿ haqqōdeš* with-*ʿammê hāʾărāṣôt*, and-*yād haśśārîm* and-the-*sǝgānîm* *hāyǝtâ* in-the-*maʿal* the-this *riʾšônâ*", "grammar": { "*nāśāʾ*": "Qal perfect 3rd plural - 'they have taken'", "*bǝnôtêhem*": "feminine plural with 3rd person plural suffix - 'their daughters'", "*bǝnêhem*": "masculine plural with 3rd person plural suffix - 'their sons'", "*ʿārab*": "Hithpael perfect 3rd plural - 'mixed themselves'", "*zeraʿ haqqōdeš*": "construct relationship - 'holy seed/offspring'", "*ʿammê hāʾărāṣôt*": "construct relationship - 'peoples of the lands'", "*yād haśśārîm*": "construct relationship - 'hand of the officials'", "*sǝgānîm*": "plural - 'deputies/rulers'", "*hāyǝtâ*": "Qal perfect 3rd feminine singular - 'was'", "*maʿal*": "singular - 'unfaithfulness/transgression'", "*riʾšônâ*": "feminine singular adjective - 'first/chief'" }, "variants": { "*nāśāʾ*": "took/carried/lifted", "*ʿārab*": "mixed/mingled/intermarried", "*zeraʿ haqqōdeš*": "holy seed/holy offspring/holy lineage", "*sǝgānîm*": "deputies/rulers/officials", "*maʿal*": "unfaithfulness/transgression/trespass", "*riʾšônâ*": "first/foremost/chief/leading" } }

Other Translations

• GT, oversatt fra Hebraisk

  For de har tatt sine døtre til ekte for sine sønner, og blandet den hellige ætt med disse folkene. Og lederne og de fremste i folket har vært de første til å begå dette sviket.

• Moderne oversettelse av Bibelen fra 1611 KJV med hebraisk kontekst

  For de har tatt av deres døtre til seg selv og sine sønner, slik at den hellige slekten har blandet seg med landenes folk. Til og med høvdingenes og ledernes hånd har vært den første i dette lovbruddet.

• Norsk King James

  For de har tatt døtre fra dem til sine sønner, og slik har det hellige folk blandet seg med folkene i disse landene; ja, prinsene og lederne har vært de mest ansvarlige for denne synden.

• Modernisert Norsk Bibel 1866

  For de har tatt døtrene deres til koner for seg selv og sine sønner, og den hellige slekt har blandet seg med landets folk. Lederne og styresmaktene har vært de første til å begå denne krenkelsen.

• Oversettelse av hebraiske Bibeltekster til moderne norsk bokmål

  For de har tatt noen av deres døtre som koner for seg selv og sine sønner, og dermed har det hellige avkommet blandet seg med folkene i landene. Og først og fremst har fyrstene og lederne vært innblandet i denne troløsheten."

• Bibelen: En Moderne Oversettelse av King James Version 1611

  For de har tatt døtrene deres som hustruer til seg selv og for sine sønner, så den hellige ætt har blandet seg med folkene i de landene. Og lederne og styresmennene har vært de første til å begå denne overtredelsen.

• o3-mini KJV Norsk

  For de har tatt deres døtre med seg og gitt sine sønner i ekteskap med dem, slik at den hellige ætt har blitt blandet med folkeslagene i disse landene; ja, de ledende herskerne og embetsmennene har vært hovedaktørene i denne overtredelsen.

• En Moderne Oversettelse av King James Version 1611 (mar 2025)

  For de har tatt døtrene deres som hustruer til seg selv og for sine sønner, så den hellige ætt har blandet seg med folkene i de landene. Og lederne og styresmennene har vært de første til å begå denne overtredelsen.

• Lingvistisk bibeloversettelse fra grunntekst

  For de har tatt av deres døtre til seg selv og sine sønner, slik at den hellige ætten har blandet seg med landenes folkeslag. Og lederne og høvdingene har vært de første til å begå denne overtredelsen.

• Linguistic Bible Translation from Source Texts

  They have taken some of their daughters as wives for themselves and their sons, and they have mingled the holy seed with the peoples of the lands. Furthermore, the leaders and officials have been foremost in this unfaithfulness.

• GT, oversatt fra hebraisk Aug2024

  For de har tatt deres døtre til koner for seg selv og sine sønner, og den hellige ætten har blandet seg med folkene i landene omkring. Lederne og myndighetspersonene har vært de første til å begå denne overtredelsen.

• Original Norsk Bibel 1866

  Thi de have taget af deres Døttre for sig og for deres Sønner, og den hellige Sæd haver blandet sig med Folkene i Landene, og de Øverstes og Forstandernes Haand har været i denne Forgribelse den første.

• King James Version 1769 (Standard Version)

  For they have taken of their daughters for themselves, and for their sons: so that the holy seed have mingled themselves with the people of those lands: yea, the hand of the princes and rulers hath been chief in this trespass.

• KJV 1769 norsk

  For de har tatt døtre fra disse folkene til seg selv og til sønnene sine, slik at den hellige ætten har blitt blandet med folkene i disse landene. Ja, fyrstene og lederne har vært de fremste i denne overtredelsen.

• KJV1611 - Moderne engelsk

  For they have taken some of their daughters for themselves and for their sons, so that the holy seed has mingled with the peoples of those lands. Indeed, the hand of the princes and rulers has been chief in this trespass.

• King James Version 1611 (Original)

  For they have taken of their daughters for themselves, and for their sons: so that the holy seed have mingled themselves with the people of those lands: yea, the hand of the princes and rulers hath been chief in this trespass.

• Norsk oversettelse av Webster

  De har tatt deres døtre til koner for seg selv og for sine sønner, så den hellige ætt har blandet seg med folkene i landene. Lederne og høvdingene har vært de første i denne overtredelsen.

• Norsk oversettelse av Youngs Literal Translation

  For de har tatt deres døtre til ekte for seg og sønnene sine, og den hellige ætt har vært blandet med landets folk, og det første til å gjøre slik var lederne og de fremtredende.'

• Norsk oversettelse av ASV1901

  For de har tatt deres døtre til koner for seg selv og sine sønner, slik at det hellige ætter er blandet med landenes folk; ja, lederne og høvdingene har vært de første i denne overtredelsen.

• Norsk oversettelse av BBE

  For de har tatt deres døtre til koner for seg selv og sine sønner, slik at det hellige ættet har blitt blandet med landenes folk; og faktisk har lederne og høvdingene vært de første til å gjøre dette onde.

• Coverdale Bible (1535)

  For they haue taken the doughters of the same, & their sonnes, and haue myxte the holy sede with ye nacions in the londes: and the hande of the rulers and lordes of councell hath bene principall in this trespace.

• Geneva Bible (1560)

  For they haue taken their daughters to theselues, and to their sonnes, and they haue mixed the holy seede with the people of the landes, and the hande of the princes and rulers hath bene chiefe in this trespasse.

• Bishops' Bible (1568)

  For they haue taken the daughters of the same to them selues and to their sonnes, and the holy seede is mixed with the nations of the landes, & the hand of the princes and rulers hath ben principall in the trespasse.

• Authorized King James Version (1611)

  For they have taken of their daughters for themselves, and for their sons: so that the holy seed have mingled themselves with the people of [those] lands: yea, the hand of the princes and rulers hath been chief in this trespass.

• Webster's Bible (1833)

  For they have taken of their daughters for themselves and for their sons, so that the holy seed have mixed themselves with the peoples of the lands: yes, the hand of the princes and rulers has been chief in this trespass.

• Young's Literal Translation (1862/1898)

  for they have taken of their daughters to them, and to their sons, and the holy seed have mingled themselves among the peoples of the lands, and the hand of the heads and of the seconds have been first in this trespass.'

• American Standard Version (1901)

  For they have taken of their daughters for themselves and for their sons, so that the holy seed have mingled themselves with the peoples of the lands: yea, the hand of the princes and rulers hath been chief in this trespass.

• Bible in Basic English (1941)

  For they have taken their daughters for themselves and for their sons, so that the holy seed has been mixed with the peoples of the lands; and in fact the captains and rulers have been the first to do this evil.

• World English Bible (2000)

  For they have taken of their daughters for themselves and for their sons, so that the holy seed have mixed themselves with the peoples of the lands. Yes, the hand of the princes and rulers has been chief in this trespass."

• NET Bible® (New English Translation)

  Indeed, they have taken some of their daughters as wives for themselves and for their sons, so that the holy race has become intermingled with the local residents. Worse still, the leaders and the officials have been at the forefront of all of this unfaithfulness!”

Referenced Verses

• Exod 34:16 : 16 { "verseID": "Exodus.34.16", "source": "וְלָקַחְתָּ֥ מִבְּנֹתָ֖יו לְבָנֶ֑יךָ וְזָנ֣וּ בְנֹתָ֗יו אַחֲרֵי֙ אֱלֹ֣הֵיהֶ֔ן וְהִזְנוּ֙ אֶת־בָּנֶ֔יךָ אַחֲרֵ֖י אֱלֹהֵיהֶֽן׃", "text": "*wə-lāqaḥtā* from-*bənôtāyw* for-*bānêkā* *wə-zānû* *bənôtāyw* *ʾaḥărê* *ʾĕlōhêhen* *wə-hiznû* *ʾet*-*bānêkā* *ʾaḥărê* *ʾĕlōhêhen*", "grammar": { "*wə-lāqaḥtā*": "conjunction + Qal perfect 2nd masculine singular - and you will take", "*bənôtāyw*": "feminine plural construct with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his daughters", "*bānêkā*": "masculine plural construct with 2nd masculine singular suffix - your sons", "*wə-zānû*": "conjunction + Qal perfect 3rd common plural - and they will prostitute/be unfaithful", "*bənôtāyw*": "feminine plural construct with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his daughters", "*ʾaḥărê*": "preposition - after/behind/following", "*ʾĕlōhêhen*": "masculine plural construct with 3rd feminine plural suffix - their gods", "*wə-hiznû*": "conjunction + Hiphil perfect 3rd common plural - and they will cause to prostitute/be unfaithful", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*bānêkā*": "masculine plural construct with 2nd masculine singular suffix - your sons", "*ʾaḥărê*": "preposition - after/behind/following", "*ʾĕlōhêhen*": "masculine plural construct with 3rd feminine plural suffix - their gods" }, "variants": { "*zānû*": "commit fornication/be unfaithful (spiritually)/prostitute", "*hiznû*": "cause to commit fornication/lead into unfaithfulness/make prostitute", "*ʾĕlōhêhen*": "their gods/deities/divine beings" } }
• Neh 13:23-24 : 23 { "verseID": "Nehemiah.13.23", "source": "גַּ֣ם ׀ בַּיָּמִ֣ים הָהֵ֗ם רָאִ֤יתִי אֶת־הַיְּהוּדִים֙ הֹשִׁ֗יבוּ נָשִׁים֙ *אשדודיות **אַשְׁדֳּדִיּ֔וֹת *עמוניות **עַמֳּנִיּ֖וֹת מוֹאֲבִיּֽוֹת׃", "text": "Also in the *yāmîm* the *hahēm* *rāʾîtî* *ʾet*-the *yəhûdîm* *hōšîbû* *nāšîm* *ʾašdodiyyôt* *ʿammoniyyôt* *môʾăbiyyôt*.", "grammar": { "*yāmîm*": "masculine plural with preposition and definite article - in the days", "*hahēm*": "demonstrative adjective masculine plural - those", "*rāʾîtî*": "Qal perfect 1st person singular - I saw", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*yəhûdîm*": "masculine plural with definite article - the Jews", "*hōšîbû*": "Hiphil perfect 3rd person plural - they had married/settled", "*nāšîm*": "feminine plural - women", "*ʾašdodiyyôt*": "feminine plural adjective - Ashdodite", "*ʿammoniyyôt*": "feminine plural adjective - Ammonite", "*môʾăbiyyôt*": "feminine plural adjective - Moabite" }, "variants": { "*hōšîbû*": "had married/settled/caused to dwell with", "*ʾašdodiyyôt*": "Ashdodite women/women of Ashdod", "*ʿammoniyyôt*": "Ammonite women/women of Ammon", "*môʾăbiyyôt*": "Moabite women/women of Moab" } } 24 { "verseID": "Nehemiah.13.24", "source": "וּבְנֵיהֶ֗ם חֲצִי֙ מְדַבֵּ֣ר אַשְׁדּוֹדִ֔ית וְאֵינָ֥ם מַכִּירִ֖ים לְדַבֵּ֣ר יְהוּדִ֑ית וְכִלְשׁ֖וֹן עַ֥ם וָעָֽם׃", "text": "And *bənêhem* half *mədabbēr* *ʾašdôdît*, and *ʾênām* *makkîrîm* to *dabbēr* *yəhûdît*, and according to *kîləšôn* *ʿam* and *ʿām*.", "grammar": { "*bənêhem*": "masculine plural with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - their sons/children", "*mədabbēr*": "Piel participle masculine singular - speaking", "*ʾašdôdît*": "feminine singular - language of Ashdod", "*ʾênām*": "particle of negation with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - they were not", "*makkîrîm*": "Hiphil participle masculine plural - knowing/recognizing", "*dabbēr*": "Piel infinitive construct - to speak", "*yəhûdît*": "feminine singular - language of Judah/Jewish", "*kîləšôn*": "masculine singular with preposition - according to language of", "*ʿam*": "masculine singular - people/nation", "*ʿām*": "masculine singular - people/nation" }, "variants": { "*mədabbēr*": "speaking/talking", "*ʾašdôdît*": "language of Ashdod/Ashdodite", "*makkîrîm*": "knowing/recognizing/able", "*yəhûdît*": "language of Judah/Jewish/Hebrew", "*kîləšôn* *ʿam* and *ʿām*": "according to the language of each people/respective languages of various peoples" } }
• 2 Cor 6:14 : 14 { "verseID": "2 Corinthians.6.14", "source": "Μὴ γίνεσθε ἑτεροζυγοῦντες ἀπίστοις: τίς γὰρ μετοχὴ δικαιοσύνῃ καὶ ἀνομίᾳ; τίς δὲ κοινωνία φωτὶ πρὸς σκότος;", "text": "Not *ginesthe* *heterozygountes* with *apistois*: what for *metochē* for *dikaiosynē* and *anomia*? what *de* *koinōnia* for *phōti* *pros* *skotos*?", "grammar": { "*ginesthe*": "present imperative, middle, 2nd person plural - become/be", "*heterozygountes*": "present participle, active, nominative, masculine, plural - unequally yoked/mismatched", "*apistois*": "dative, masculine, plural - unbelievers/unfaithful ones", "*metochē*": "nominative, feminine, singular - partnership/participation/sharing", "*dikaiosynē*": "dative, feminine, singular - righteousness/justice", "*anomia*": "dative, feminine, singular - lawlessness/iniquity", "*de*": "postpositive conjunction - but/and/now", "*koinōnia*": "nominative, feminine, singular - fellowship/communion/association", "*phōti*": "dative, neuter, singular - light", "*pros*": "preposition + accusative - with/toward", "*skotos*": "accusative, neuter, singular - darkness" }, "variants": { "*ginesthe*": "become/be/happen to be", "*heterozygountes*": "unequally yoked/mismatched/paired with something different", "*apistois*": "unbelievers/unfaithful ones/non-Christians", "*metochē*": "partnership/participation/sharing/association", "*dikaiosynē*": "righteousness/justice/rightness", "*anomia*": "lawlessness/iniquity/wickedness", "*koinōnia*": "fellowship/communion/association/partnership", "*phōti*": "light/illumination/brightness", "*skotos*": "darkness/obscurity/ignorance" } }
• Exod 19:6 : 6 { "verseID": "Exodus.19.6", "source": "וְאַתֶּ֧ם תִּהְיוּ־לִ֛י מַמְלֶ֥כֶת כֹּהֲנִ֖ים וְג֣וֹי קָד֑וֹשׁ אֵ֚לֶּה הַדְּבָרִ֔ים אֲשֶׁ֥ר תְּדַבֵּ֖ר אֶל־בְּנֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃", "text": "*wə-ʾattem* *tihyû*-to me *mamleḵet* *kōhănîm* *wə-gôy* *qādôš* these the *dəbārîm* *ʾăšer* *tədabbēr* to *bənê* *yiśrāʾēl*.", "grammar": { "*wə-ʾattem*": "conjunction + pronoun, 2nd masculine plural - and you", "*tihyû*": "verb, qal imperfect 2nd masculine plural - you will be", "*mamleḵet*": "noun, feminine singular construct - kingdom of", "*kōhănîm*": "noun, masculine plural - priests", "*wə-gôy*": "conjunction + noun, masculine singular - and nation", "*qādôš*": "adjective, masculine singular - holy/set apart", "*dəbārîm*": "noun, masculine plural (with definite article) - the words/things", "*ʾăšer*": "relative particle - which/that", "*tədabbēr*": "verb, piel imperfect 2nd masculine singular - you shall speak", "*bənê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - sons/children of", "*yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel" }, "variants": { "*mamleḵet kōhănîm*": "kingdom of priests/priestly kingdom", "*gôy qādôš*": "holy nation/set-apart people", "*dəbārîm*": "words/statements/matters" } }
• Deut 7:6 : 6 { "verseID": "Deuteronomy.7.6", "source": "כִּ֣י עַ֤ם קָדוֹשׁ֙ אַתָּ֔ה לַיהוָ֖ה אֱלֹהֶ֑יךָ בְּךָ֞ בָּחַ֣ר ׀ יְהוָ֣ה אֱלֹהֶ֗יךָ לִהְי֥וֹת לוֹ֙ לְעַ֣ם סְגֻלָּ֔ה מִכֹּל֙ הָֽעַמִּ֔ים אֲשֶׁ֖ר עַל־פְּנֵ֥י הָאֲדָמָֽה׃", "text": "For *ʿam* *qādôš* are you to *YHWH* *ʾĕlōhêkā*; in you *bāḥar* *YHWH* *ʾĕlōhêkā* to *lihyôt* to him *ʿam* *səgullâ* from all the *ʿammîm* which are on the *pənê* *hāʾădāmâ*.", "grammar": { "*ʿam*": "noun masculine singular - people/nation", "*qādôš*": "adjective masculine singular - holy/set apart", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - divine name", "*ʾĕlōhêkā*": "noun masculine plural construct with 2nd masculine singular suffix - your God", "*bāḥar*": "Qal perfect 3rd masculine singular - he chose/selected", "*lihyôt*": "Qal infinitive construct - to be/become", "*səgullâ*": "noun feminine singular - treasured possession/special property", "*ʿammîm*": "noun masculine plural - peoples/nations", "*pənê*": "noun masculine plural construct - face of/surface of", "*hāʾădāmâ*": "noun feminine singular - ground/earth/land" }, "variants": { "*ʿam*": "people/nation/folk", "*qādôš*": "holy/set apart/sacred", "*bāḥar*": "choose/select/elect", "*lihyôt*": "to be/to become/to exist", "*səgullâ*": "treasured possession/special property/personal treasure", "*ʿammîm*": "peoples/nations/folk", "*pənê*": "face of/surface of/before", "*hāʾădāmâ*": "ground/earth/land/soil" } }
• Deut 14:2 : 2 { "verseID": "Deuteronomy.14.2", "source": "כִּ֣י עַ֤ם קָדוֹשׁ֙ אַתָּ֔ה לַיהוָ֖ה אֱלֹהֶ֑יךָ וּבְךָ֞ בָּחַ֣ר יְהוָ֗ה לִֽהְי֥וֹת לוֹ֙ לְעַ֣ם סְגֻלָּ֔ה מִכֹּל֙ הָֽעַמִּ֔ים אֲשֶׁ֖ר עַל־פְּנֵ֥י הָאֲדָמָֽה׃", "text": "For *ʿam* *qādôš* *ʾattâ* to-*YHWH* *ʾĕlōhêkā* and-in-you *bāḥar* *YHWH* to-*lihyôt* to-him to-*ʿam* *səgullâ* from-all the-*ʿammîm* which upon-*pənê* the-*ʾădāmâ*", "grammar": { "*ʿam*": "masculine singular noun - people/nation", "*qādôš*": "masculine singular adjective - holy/set apart", "*ʾattâ*": "second person masculine singular pronoun - you", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - divine name", "*ʾĕlōhêkā*": "masculine plural noun with second person masculine singular suffix - your God", "*bāḥar*": "qal perfect third person masculine singular - chose/selected", "*lihyôt*": "qal infinitive construct - to be/become", "*ʿam*": "masculine singular noun - people/nation", "*səgullâ*": "feminine singular noun - treasured possession/special property", "*ʿammîm*": "masculine plural noun - peoples/nations", "*pənê*": "masculine plural noun construct - face of/surface of", "*ʾădāmâ*": "feminine singular noun - ground/earth/land" }, "variants": { "*qādôš*": "holy/set apart/consecrated", "*bāḥar*": "chose/selected/elected", "*səgullâ*": "treasured possession/special property/valued treasure", "*pənê*": "face of/surface of/before" } }
• Ezra 10:18-44 : 18 { "verseID": "Ezra.10.18", "source": "וַיִּמָּצֵא֙ מִבְּנֵ֣י הַכֹּהֲנִ֔ים אֲשֶׁ֥ר הֹשִׁ֖יבוּ נָשִׁ֣ים נָכְרִיּ֑וֹת מִבְּנֵ֨י יֵשׁ֤וּעַ בֶּן־יֽוֹצָדָק֙ וְאֶחָ֔יו מַֽעֲשֵׂיָה֙ וֽ͏ֶאֱלִיעֶ֔זֶר וְיָרִ֖יב וּגְדַלְיָֽה׃", "text": "And-*yimmāṣēʾ* from-*bənê hakkōhănîm* who *hōšîbû nāšîm nåkrîyôt* from-*bənê yēšûaʿ ben-yôṣādāq* and-his-brothers *maʿăśēyāh weʾĕlîʿezer wəyārîb ûgədalyāh*", "grammar": { "*yimmāṣēʾ*": "Niphal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - was found/there was found", "*bənê*": "masculine plural construct - sons of", "*hakkōhănîm*": "definite article + masculine plural - the priests", "*hōšîbû*": "Hiphil perfect 3rd plural - had married/settled", "*nāšîm*": "feminine plural - women", "*nåkrîyôt*": "feminine plural adjective - foreign/strange", "*yēšûaʿ*": "proper name - Jeshua", "*ben-yôṣādāq*": "construct state - son of Jozadak", "*maʿăśēyāh*": "proper name - Maaseiah", "*weʾĕlîʿezer*": "conjunction + proper name - and Eliezer", "*wəyārîb*": "conjunction + proper name - and Jarib", "*ûgədalyāh*": "conjunction + proper name - and Gedaliah" }, "variants": { "*yimmāṣēʾ*": "was found/were found/it was discovered", "*hōšîbû*": "had married/had taken/had settled with", "*nåkrîyôt*": "foreign/strange/alien" } } 19 { "verseID": "Ezra.10.19", "source": "וַיִּתְּנ֥וּ יָדָ֖ם לְהוֹצִ֣יא נְשֵׁיהֶ֑ם וַאֲשֵׁמִ֥ים אֵֽיל־צֹ֖אן עַל־אַשְׁמָתָֽם׃ ס", "text": "And-*yittənû yādām ləhôṣîʾ nəšêhem* and-*ʾăšēmîm ʾêl-ṣōʾn ʿal-ʾašmātām*", "grammar": { "*yittənû*": "Qal imperfect 3rd plural - they gave", "*yādām*": "feminine singular + 3rd masculine plural suffix - their hand", "*ləhôṣîʾ*": "preposition + Hiphil infinitive construct - to put away/remove", "*nəšêhem*": "feminine plural + 3rd masculine plural suffix - their wives", "*ʾăšēmîm*": "masculine plural adjective - guilty", "*ʾêl-ṣōʾn*": "construct - ram of flock", "*ʿal-ʾašmātām*": "preposition + feminine singular + 3rd masculine plural suffix - for their guilt" }, "variants": { "*yittənû yādām*": "gave their hand/pledged/committed themselves", "*ləhôṣîʾ*": "to put away/to remove/to divorce", "*ʾăšēmîm*": "guilty/liable/obligated to offer", "*ʾêl-ṣōʾn*": "ram of flock/ram/sheep" } } 20 { "verseID": "Ezra.10.20", "source": "וּמִבְּנֵ֣י אִמֵּ֔ר חֲנָ֖נִי וּזְבַדְיָֽה׃ ס", "text": "And-from-*bənê ʾimmēr ḥănānî ûzəbadyāh*", "grammar": { "*bənê*": "masculine plural construct - sons of", "*ʾimmēr*": "proper name - Immer", "*ḥănānî*": "proper name - Hanani", "*ûzəbadyāh*": "conjunction + proper name - and Zebadiah" }, "variants": { "*bənê*": "sons/descendants/family members" } } 21 { "verseID": "Ezra.10.21", "source": "וּמִבְּנֵ֖י חָרִ֑ם מַעֲשֵׂיָ֤ה וְאֵֽלִיָּה֙ וּֽשְׁמַֽעְיָ֔ה וִיחִיאֵ֖ל וְעֻזִיָּֽה׃", "text": "And-from-*bənê ḥārim maʿăśēyāh wəʾēlîyāh ûšəmaʿyāh wîḥîʾēl wəʿuzzîyāh*", "grammar": { "*bənê*": "masculine plural construct - sons of", "*ḥārim*": "proper name - Harim", "*maʿăśēyāh*": "proper name - Maaseiah", "*wəʾēlîyāh*": "conjunction + proper name - and Elijah", "*ûšəmaʿyāh*": "conjunction + proper name - and Shemaiah", "*wîḥîʾēl*": "conjunction + proper name - and Jehiel", "*wəʿuzzîyāh*": "conjunction + proper name - and Uzziah" }, "variants": { "*bənê*": "sons/descendants/family members" } } 22 { "verseID": "Ezra.10.22", "source": "וּמִבְּנֵ֖י פַּשְׁח֑וּר אֶלְיוֹעֵינַ֤י מַֽעֲשֵׂיָה֙ יִשְׁמָעֵ֣אל נְתַנְאֵ֔ל יוֹזָבָ֖ד וְאֶלְעָשָֽׂה׃ ס", "text": "And-from-*bənê pašḥûr ʾelyôʿênay maʿăśēyāh yišmāʿēl nətanʾēl yôzābād wəʾelʿāśāh*", "grammar": { "*bənê*": "masculine plural construct - sons of", "*pašḥûr*": "proper name - Pashhur", "*ʾelyôʿênay*": "proper name - Elioenai", "*maʿăśēyāh*": "proper name - Maaseiah", "*yišmāʿēl*": "proper name - Ishmael", "*nətanʾēl*": "proper name - Nethanel", "*yôzābād*": "proper name - Jozabad", "*wəʾelʿāśāh*": "conjunction + proper name - and Elasah" }, "variants": { "*bənê*": "sons/descendants/family members" } } 23 { "verseID": "Ezra.10.23", "source": "וּמִֽן־הַלְוִיִּ֑ם יוֹזָבָ֣ד וְשִׁמְעִ֗י וְקֵֽלָיָה֙ ה֣וּא קְלִיטָ֔א פְּתַֽחְיָ֥ה יְהוּדָ֖ה וֶאֱלִיעֶֽזֶר׃ ס", "text": "And-from-the-*ləwîyim yôzābād wəšimʿî wəqēlāyāh* he *qəlîṭāʾ pətaḥyāh yəhûdāh weʾĕlîʿezer*", "grammar": { "*ləwîyim*": "masculine plural - Levites", "*yôzābād*": "proper name - Jozabad", "*wəšimʿî*": "conjunction + proper name - and Shimei", "*wəqēlāyāh*": "conjunction + proper name - and Kelaiah", "*qəlîṭāʾ*": "proper name - Kelita", "*pətaḥyāh*": "proper name - Pethahiah", "*yəhûdāh*": "proper name - Judah", "*weʾĕlîʿezer*": "conjunction + proper name - and Eliezer" }, "variants": { "*ləwîyim*": "Levites/members of the tribe of Levi" } } 24 { "verseID": "Ezra.10.24", "source": "וּמִן־הַמְשֹׁרְרִ֖ים אֶלְיָשִׁ֑יב וּמִן־הַשֹׁ֣‪[t]‬עֲרִ֔ים שַׁלֻּ֥ם וָטֶ֖לֶם וְאוּרִֽי׃ ס", "text": "And-from-the-*məšōrərîm ʾelyāšîb* and-from-the-*šōʿărîm šallum wāṭelem wəʾûrî*", "grammar": { "*məšōrərîm*": "Polel participle masculine plural - singers", "*ʾelyāšîb*": "proper name - Eliashib", "*šōʿărîm*": "Qal participle masculine plural - gatekeepers", "*šallum*": "proper name - Shallum", "*wāṭelem*": "conjunction + proper name - and Telem", "*wəʾûrî*": "conjunction + proper name - and Uri" }, "variants": { "*məšōrərîm*": "singers/musicians/temple choir members", "*šōʿărîm*": "gatekeepers/porters/temple guards" } } 25 { "verseID": "Ezra.10.25", "source": "וּמִֽיִּשְׂרָאֵ֑ל מִבְּנֵ֣י פַרְעֹ֡שׁ רַ֠מְיָה וְיִזִּיָּ֤ה וּמַלְכִּיָּה֙ וּמִיָּמִ֣ן וְאֶלְעָזָ֔ר וּמַלְכִּיָּ֖ה וּבְנָיָֽה׃ ס", "text": "And-from-*yiśrāʾēl* from-*bənê parʿōš ramyāh wəyizzîyāh ûmalkîyāh ûmîyāmîn wəʾelʿāzār ûmalkîyāh ûbənāyāh*", "grammar": { "*yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel", "*bənê*": "masculine plural construct - sons of", "*parʿōš*": "proper name - Parosh", "*ramyāh*": "proper name - Ramiah", "*wəyizzîyāh*": "conjunction + proper name - and Izziah", "*ûmalkîyāh*": "conjunction + proper name - and Malchijah", "*ûmîyāmîn*": "conjunction + proper name - and Mijamin", "*wəʾelʿāzār*": "conjunction + proper name - and Eleazar", "*ûmalkîyāh*": "conjunction + proper name - and Malchijah (repeated)", "*ûbənāyāh*": "conjunction + proper name - and Benaiah" }, "variants": { "*yiśrāʾēl*": "Israel/Israelites/laymen (as opposed to priests and Levites)", "*bənê*": "sons/descendants/family members" } } 26 { "verseID": "Ezra.10.26", "source": "וּמִבְּנֵ֖י עֵילָ֑ם מַתַּנְיָ֤ה זְכַרְיָה֙ וִיחִיאֵ֣ל וְעַבְדִּ֔י וִירֵמ֖וֹת וְאֵלִיָּֽה׃ ס", "text": "And-from-*bənê ʿêlām mattanyāh zəkaryāh wîḥîʾēl wəʿabdî wîrēmôt wəʾēlîyāh*", "grammar": { "*bənê*": "masculine plural construct - sons of", "*ʿêlām*": "proper name - Elam", "*mattanyāh*": "proper name - Mattaniah", "*zəkaryāh*": "proper name - Zechariah", "*wîḥîʾēl*": "conjunction + proper name - and Jehiel", "*wəʿabdî*": "conjunction + proper name - and Abdi", "*wîrēmôt*": "conjunction + proper name - and Jeremoth", "*wəʾēlîyāh*": "conjunction + proper name - and Elijah" }, "variants": { "*bənê*": "sons/descendants/family members" } } 27 { "verseID": "Ezra.10.27", "source": "וּמִבְּנֵ֖י זַתּ֑וּא אֶלְיוֹעֵנַ֤י אֶלְיָשִׁיב֙ מַתַּנְיָ֣ה וִֽירֵמ֔וֹת וְזָבָ֖ד וַעֲזִיזָֽא׃ ס", "text": "And-from-*bənê zattûʾ ʾelyôʿēnay ʾelyāšîb mattanyāh wîrēmôt wəzābād waʿăzîzāʾ*", "grammar": { "*bənê*": "masculine plural construct - sons of", "*zattûʾ*": "proper name - Zattu", "*ʾelyôʿēnay*": "proper name - Elioenai", "*ʾelyāšîb*": "proper name - Eliashib", "*mattanyāh*": "proper name - Mattaniah", "*wîrēmôt*": "conjunction + proper name - and Jeremoth", "*wəzābād*": "conjunction + proper name - and Zabad", "*waʿăzîzāʾ*": "conjunction + proper name - and Aziza" }, "variants": { "*bənê*": "sons/descendants/family members" } } 28 { "verseID": "Ezra.10.28", "source": "וּמִבְּנֵ֖י בֵּבָ֑י יְהוֹחָנָ֥ן חֲנַנְיָ֖ה זַבַּ֥י עַתְלָֽי׃ ס", "text": "And-from-*bənê bēbāy yəhôḥānān ḥănanyāh zabbay ʿatlāy*", "grammar": { "*bənê*": "masculine plural construct - sons of", "*bēbāy*": "proper name - Bebai", "*yəhôḥānān*": "proper name - Jehohanan", "*ḥănanyāh*": "proper name - Hananiah", "*zabbay*": "proper name - Zabbai", "*ʿatlāy*": "proper name - Athlai" }, "variants": { "*bənê*": "sons/descendants/family members" } } 29 { "verseID": "Ezra.10.29", "source": "וּמִבְּנֵ֖י בָּנִ֑י מְשֻׁלָּ֤ם מַלּוּךְ֙ וַעֲדָיָ֔ה יָשׁ֖וּב וּשְׁאָ֥ל *ירמות **וְרָמֽוֹת׃ ס", "text": "And-from-*bənê bānî məšullām mallûk waʿădāyāh yāšûb ûšəʾāl* [*yirmôt*] **wərāmôt**", "grammar": { "*bənê*": "masculine plural construct - sons of", "*bānî*": "proper name - Bani", "*məšullām*": "proper name - Meshullam", "*mallûk*": "proper name - Malluch", "*waʿădāyāh*": "conjunction + proper name - and Adaiah", "*yāšûb*": "proper name - Jashub", "*ûšəʾāl*": "conjunction + proper name - and Sheal", "*yirmôt*": "proper name - Jeremoth (Ketiv reading)", "*wərāmôt*": "conjunction + proper name - and Ramoth (Qere reading)" }, "variants": { "*bənê*": "sons/descendants/family members", "*yirmôt/wərāmôt*": "textual variant - Jeremoth/Ramoth" } } 30 { "verseID": "Ezra.10.30", "source": "וּמִבְּנֵ֛י פַּחַ֥ת מוֹאָ֖ב עַדְנָ֣א וּכְלָ֑ל בְּנָיָ֤ה מַעֲשֵׂיָה֙ מַתַּנְיָ֣ה בְצַלְאֵ֔ל וּבִנּ֖וּי וּמְנַשֶּֽׁה׃ ס", "text": "And-from-*bənê paḥat môʾāb ʿadnāʾ ûkəlāl bənāyāh maʿăśēyāh mattanyāh bəṣalʾēl ûbinnûy ûmənaššeh*", "grammar": { "*bənê*": "masculine plural construct - sons of", "*paḥat môʾāb*": "construct state - governor of Moab (family name)", "*ʿadnāʾ*": "proper name - Adna", "*ûkəlāl*": "conjunction + proper name - and Chelal", "*bənāyāh*": "proper name - Benaiah", "*maʿăśēyāh*": "proper name - Maaseiah", "*mattanyāh*": "proper name - Mattaniah", "*bəṣalʾēl*": "proper name - Bezalel", "*ûbinnûy*": "conjunction + proper name - and Binnui", "*ûmənaššeh*": "conjunction + proper name - and Manasseh" }, "variants": { "*bənê*": "sons/descendants/family members", "*paḥat môʾāb*": "Pahath-moab (proper name)/governor of Moab (title become family name)" } } 31 { "verseID": "Ezra.10.31", "source": "וּבְנֵ֖י חָרִ֑ם אֱלִיעֶ֧זֶר יִשִּׁיָּ֛ה מַלְכִּיָּ֖ה שְׁמַֽעְיָ֥ה שִׁמְעֽוֹן׃", "text": "And-*bənê ḥārim ʾĕlîʿezer yiššîyāh malkîyāh šəmaʿyāh šimʿôn*", "grammar": { "*bənê*": "masculine plural construct - sons of", "*ḥārim*": "proper name - Harim", "*ʾĕlîʿezer*": "proper name - Eliezer", "*yiššîyāh*": "proper name - Ishijah", "*malkîyāh*": "proper name - Malchijah", "*šəmaʿyāh*": "proper name - Shemaiah", "*šimʿôn*": "proper name - Shimeon" }, "variants": { "*bənê*": "sons/descendants/family members" } } 32 { "verseID": "Ezra.10.32", "source": "בְּנְיָמִ֥ן מַלּ֖וּךְ שְׁמַרְיָֽה׃ ס", "text": "*bənyāmîn mallûk šəmaryāh*", "grammar": { "*bənyāmîn*": "proper name - Benjamin", "*mallûk*": "proper name - Malluch", "*šəmaryāh*": "proper name - Shemariah" }, "variants": {} } 33 { "verseID": "Ezra.10.33", "source": "מִבְּנֵ֖י חָשֻׁ֑ם מַתְּנַ֤י מַתַּתָּה֙ זָבָ֣ד אֱלִיפֶ֔לֶט יְרֵמַ֥י מְנַשֶּׁ֖ה שִׁמְעִֽי׃ ס", "text": "From *bənê* *ḥāšum*: *maṯənay* *mattaṯṯāh* *zāḇāḏ* *ʾĕlîp̄eleṭ* *yərēmay* *mənaššeh* *šimʿî*.", "grammar": { "*mi-bənê*": "preposition + construct plural - from sons of", "*ḥāšum*": "proper name, masculine singular", "*maṯənay*": "proper name, masculine singular", "*mattaṯṯāh*": "proper name, masculine singular", "*zāḇāḏ*": "proper name, masculine singular", "*ʾĕlîp̄eleṭ*": "proper name, masculine singular", "*yərēmay*": "proper name, masculine singular", "*mənaššeh*": "proper name, masculine singular", "*šimʿî*": "proper name, masculine singular" }, "variants": { "*bənê*": "sons of/descendants of" } } 34 { "verseID": "Ezra.10.34", "source": "מִבְּנֵ֣י בָנִ֔י מַעֲדַ֥י עַמְרָ֖ם וְאוּאֵֽל׃ ס", "text": "From *bənê* *ḇānî*: *maʿăḏay* *ʿamrām* *wə-ʾûʾēl*.", "grammar": { "*mi-bənê*": "preposition + construct plural - from sons of", "*ḇānî*": "proper name, masculine singular", "*maʿăḏay*": "proper name, masculine singular", "*ʿamrām*": "proper name, masculine singular", "*wə-ʾûʾēl*": "conjunction + proper name, masculine singular" }, "variants": { "*bənê*": "sons of/descendants of" } } 35 { "verseID": "Ezra.10.35", "source": "בְּנָיָ֥ה בֵדְיָ֖ה *כלהי **כְּלֽוּהוּ׃", "text": "*bənāyāh* *ḇēḏyāh* *kəlûhû*.", "grammar": { "*bənāyāh*": "proper name, masculine singular", "*ḇēḏyāh*": "proper name, masculine singular", "*kəlûhû*": "proper name, masculine singular (Ketiv: *klhy*, Qere: *kəlûhû*)" }, "variants": { "*kəlûhû*": "Ketiv/Qere variant in the text; the consonantal text (Ketiv) reads *klhy* while the traditional reading (Qere) is *kəlûhû*" } } 36 { "verseID": "Ezra.10.36", "source": "וַנְיָ֥ה מְרֵמ֖וֹת אֶלְיָשִֽׁיב׃", "text": "*wanyāh* *mərēmôṯ* *ʾelyāšîḇ*.", "grammar": { "*wanyāh*": "proper name, masculine singular", "*mərēmôṯ*": "proper name, masculine singular", "*ʾelyāšîḇ*": "proper name, masculine singular" }, "variants": {} } 37 { "verseID": "Ezra.10.37", "source": "מַתַּנְיָ֥ה מַתְּנַ֖י *ויעשו **וְיַעֲשָֽׂי׃", "text": "*mattanyāh* *matənay* *wəyaʿăśāy*.", "grammar": { "*mattanyāh*": "proper name, masculine singular", "*matənay*": "proper name, masculine singular", "*wəyaʿăśāy*": "proper name, masculine singular (Ketiv: *wyʿśw*, Qere: *wəyaʿăśāy*)" }, "variants": { "*wəyaʿăśāy*": "Ketiv/Qere variant in the text; the consonantal text (Ketiv) reads *wyʿśw* while the traditional reading (Qere) is *wəyaʿăśāy*" } } 38 { "verseID": "Ezra.10.38", "source": "וּבָנִ֥י וּבִנּ֖וּי שִׁמְעִֽי׃", "text": "*ûḇānî* *ûḇinnûy* *šimʿî*.", "grammar": { "*ûḇānî*": "conjunction + proper name, masculine singular", "*ûḇinnûy*": "conjunction + proper name, masculine singular", "*šimʿî*": "proper name, masculine singular" }, "variants": {} } 39 { "verseID": "Ezra.10.39", "source": "וְשֶֽׁלֶמְיָ֥ה וְנָתָ֖ן וַעֲדָיָֽה׃", "text": "*wəšelemyāh* *wənāṯān* *waʿăḏāyāh*.", "grammar": { "*wəšelemyāh*": "conjunction + proper name, masculine singular", "*wənāṯān*": "conjunction + proper name, masculine singular", "*waʿăḏāyāh*": "conjunction + proper name, masculine singular" }, "variants": {} } 40 { "verseID": "Ezra.10.40", "source": "מַכְנַדְבַ֥י שָׁשַׁ֖י שָׁרָֽי׃", "text": "*maḵnaḏḇay* *šāšay* *šārāy*.", "grammar": { "*maḵnaḏḇay*": "proper name, masculine singular", "*šāšay*": "proper name, masculine singular", "*šārāy*": "proper name, masculine singular" }, "variants": {} } 41 { "verseID": "Ezra.10.41", "source": "עֲזַרְאֵ֥ל וְשֶׁלֶמְיָ֖הוּ שְׁמַרְיָֽה׃", "text": "*ʿăzarʾēl* *wəšelemyāhû* *šəmaryāh*.", "grammar": { "*ʿăzarʾēl*": "proper name, masculine singular", "*wəšelemyāhû*": "conjunction + proper name, masculine singular", "*šəmaryāh*": "proper name, masculine singular" }, "variants": {} } 42 { "verseID": "Ezra.10.42", "source": "שַׁלּ֥וּם אֲמַרְיָ֖ה יוֹסֵֽף׃ ס", "text": "*šallûm* *ʾămaryāh* *yôsēp̄*.", "grammar": { "*šallûm*": "proper name, masculine singular", "*ʾămaryāh*": "proper name, masculine singular", "*yôsēp̄*": "proper name, masculine singular" }, "variants": {} } 43 { "verseID": "Ezra.10.43", "source": "מִבְּנֵ֖י נְב֑וֹ יְעִיאֵ֤ל מַתִּתְיָה֙ זָבָ֣ד זְבִינָ֔א *ידו **יַדַּ֥י וְיוֹאֵ֖ל בְּנָיָֽה׃", "text": "From *bənê* *nəḇô*: *yəʿîʾēl* *mattityāh* *zāḇāḏ* *zəḇînā* *yadday* *wəyôʾēl* *bənāyāh*.", "grammar": { "*mi-bənê*": "preposition + construct plural - from sons of", "*nəḇô*": "proper name, masculine singular", "*yəʿîʾēl*": "proper name, masculine singular", "*mattityāh*": "proper name, masculine singular", "*zāḇāḏ*": "proper name, masculine singular", "*zəḇînā*": "proper name, masculine singular", "*yadday*": "proper name, masculine singular (Ketiv: *ydw*, Qere: *yadday*)", "*wəyôʾēl*": "conjunction + proper name, masculine singular", "*bənāyāh*": "proper name, masculine singular" }, "variants": { "*bənê*": "sons of/descendants of", "*yadday*": "Ketiv/Qere variant in the text; the consonantal text (Ketiv) reads *ydw* while the traditional reading (Qere) is *yadday*" } } 44 { "verseID": "Ezra.10.44", "source": "כָּל־אֵ֕לֶּה *נשאי **נָשְׂא֖וּ נָשִׁ֣ים נָכְרִיּ֑וֹת וְיֵ֣שׁ מֵהֶ֣ם נָשִׁ֔ים וַיָּשִׂ֖ימוּ בָּנִֽים׃ פ", "text": "All *ʾēlleh* *nāśəʾû* *nāšîm* *noḵriyyôṯ* and *yēš* from *hēm* *nāšîm* and *wayyāśîmû* *bānîm*.", "grammar": { "*kol-ʾēlleh*": "all + demonstrative pronoun, plural - all these", "*nāśəʾû*": "verb, qal perfect 3rd plural (Ketiv: *nśʾy*, Qere: *nāśəʾû*) - they took/married", "*nāšîm*": "noun, feminine plural - women/wives", "*noḵriyyôṯ*": "adjective, feminine plural - foreign/strange", "*wə-yēš*": "conjunction + existential particle - and there were", "*mē-hem*": "preposition + pronominal suffix 3rd masculine plural - from them", "*nāšîm*": "noun, feminine plural - women/wives", "*wa-yyāśîmû*": "conjunction + verb, qal imperfect 3rd plural with waw consecutive - and they put/established", "*bānîm*": "noun, masculine plural - sons/children" }, "variants": { "*nāśəʾû*": "Ketiv/Qere variant in the text; the consonantal text (Ketiv) reads *nśʾy* while the traditional reading (Qere) is *nāśəʾû* - had taken/married", "*wayyāśîmû bānîm*": "could mean 'they begot children' or 'they placed/established sons' or 'they exposed/put away the children'" } }
• Ezra 10:2 : 2 { "verseID": "Ezra.10.2", "source": "וַיַּעַן֩ שְׁכַנְיָ֨ה בֶן־יְחִיאֵ֜ל מִבְּנֵ֤י *עולם **עֵילָם֙ וַיֹּ֣אמֶר לְעֶזְרָ֔א אֲנַ֙חְנוּ֙ מָעַ֣לְנוּ בֵאלֹהֵ֔ינוּ וַנֹּ֛שֶׁב נָשִׁ֥ים נָכְרִיּ֖וֹת מֵעַמֵּ֣י הָאָ֑רֶץ וְעַתָּ֛ה יֵשׁ־מִקְוֶ֥ה לְיִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל עַל־זֹֽאת", "text": "And *yaʿan* *Šᵉkanyâ* *ben-Yᵉḥîʾēl* from sons of *ʿĒlām* and *yōʾmer* to *ʿEzrāʾ*, we *māʿalnû* against *ʾĕlōhēnû* and *nōšeb* *nāšîm* *nokrîyôt* from *ʿammê hāʾāreṣ*, and now there is *miqweh* for *Yiśrāʾēl* concerning this", "grammar": { "*yaʿan*": "Qal imperfect consecutive 3ms - he answered", "*Šᵉkanyâ*": "proper noun - Shecaniah", "*ben-Yᵉḥîʾēl*": "construct chain - son of Jehiel", "*ʿĒlām*": "proper noun - Elam", "*yōʾmer*": "Qal imperfect consecutive 3ms - he said", "*māʿalnû*": "Qal perfect 1cp - we have acted unfaithfully", "*ʾĕlōhēnû*": "noun with 1cp suffix - our God", "*nōšeb*": "Hiphil imperfect consecutive 1cp - we have married/taken", "*nāšîm*": "noun, feminine plural - women/wives", "*nokrîyôt*": "adjective, feminine plural - foreign", "*ʿammê hāʾāreṣ*": "construct chain - peoples of the land", "*miqweh*": "noun, masculine singular - hope" }, "variants": { "*māʿalnû*": "we have acted unfaithfully, we have committed a trespass, we have been unfaithful", "*nōšeb*": "we have caused to dwell, we have married, we have taken", "*nokrîyôt*": "foreign, strange, alien", "*ʿammê hāʾāreṣ*": "peoples of the land, foreign nations, non-Israelites", "*miqweh*": "hope, expectation, gathering" } }
• Deut 7:1-4 : 1 { "verseID": "Deuteronomy.7.1", "source": "כִּ֤י יְבִֽיאֲךָ֙ יְהוָ֣ה אֱלֹהֶ֔יךָ אֶל־הָאָ֕רֶץ אֲשֶׁר־אַתָּ֥ה בָא־שָׁ֖מָּה לְרִשְׁתָּ֑הּ וְנָשַׁ֣ל גּֽוֹיִם־רַבִּ֣ים ׀ מִפָּנֶ֡יךָ הַֽחִתִּי֩ וְהַגִּרְגָּשִׁ֨י וְהָאֱמֹרִ֜י וְהַכְּנַעֲנִ֣י וְהַפְּרִזִּ֗י וְהַֽחִוִּי֙ וְהַיְבוּסִ֔י שִׁבְעָ֣ה גוֹיִ֔ם רַבִּ֥ים וַעֲצוּמִ֖ים מִמֶּֽךָּ׃", "text": "When *yāvîʾ* *YHWH* *ʾĕlōhêkā* you into the *ʾereṣ* which you *bāʾ*-there to *rištāh*, and *nāšal* *gôyim*-many from before you, the *ḥittî* and the *girgāšî* and the *ʾĕmōrî* and the *kənaʿănî* and the *pərizzî* and the *ḥiwwî* and the *yəvûsî*, seven *gôyim* many and *ʿăṣûmîm* than you.", "grammar": { "*yāvîʾ*": "Hiphil imperfect 3rd masculine singular - he will bring/when he brings", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - divine name", "*ʾĕlōhêkā*": "noun masculine plural construct with 2nd masculine singular suffix - your God", "*ʾereṣ*": "noun feminine singular - land/earth", "*bāʾ*": "Qal participle masculine singular - coming/entering", "*rištāh*": "Qal infinitive construct with 3rd feminine singular suffix - to possess it", "*nāšal*": "Qal perfect 3rd masculine singular - he will cast out/clear away", "*gôyim*": "noun masculine plural - nations/peoples", "*ḥittî*": "proper noun, gentilic - Hittite", "*girgāšî*": "proper noun, gentilic - Girgashite", "*ʾĕmōrî*": "proper noun, gentilic - Amorite", "*kənaʿănî*": "proper noun, gentilic - Canaanite", "*pərizzî*": "proper noun, gentilic - Perizzite", "*ḥiwwî*": "proper noun, gentilic - Hivite", "*yəvûsî*": "proper noun, gentilic - Jebusite", "*ʿăṣûmîm*": "adjective masculine plural - mighty/numerous/strong" }, "variants": { "*yāvîʾ*": "brings/will bring/leads", "*nāšal*": "cast out/drive out/throw down/clear away", "*gôyim*": "nations/peoples/gentiles", "*ʿăṣûmîm*": "mighty/strong/numerous" } } 2 { "verseID": "Deuteronomy.7.2", "source": "וּנְתָנָ֞ם יְהוָ֧ה אֱלֹהֶ֛יךָ לְפָנֶ֖יךָ וְהִכִּיתָ֑ם הַחֲרֵ֤ם תַּחֲרִים֙ אֹתָ֔ם לֹא־תִכְרֹ֥ת לָהֶ֛ם בְּרִ֖ית וְלֹ֥א תְחָנֵּֽם׃", "text": "And *nātān* them *YHWH* *ʾĕlōhêkā* before you and you *hikkîtā* them, *haḥărēm taḥărîm* them, not *tikrōt* to them *bərît* and not *təḥānnēm*.", "grammar": { "*nātān*": "Qal perfect 3rd masculine singular with 3rd masculine plural suffix - he gives/will give them", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - divine name", "*ʾĕlōhêkā*": "noun masculine plural construct with 2nd masculine singular suffix - your God", "*hikkîtā*": "Hiphil perfect 2nd masculine singular with 3rd masculine plural suffix - you shall strike/defeat them", "*haḥărēm taḥărîm*": "Hiphil infinitive absolute + Hiphil imperfect 2nd masculine singular - utterly destroy/devote to destruction", "*tikrōt*": "Qal imperfect 2nd masculine singular - you shall make/cut", "*bərît*": "noun feminine singular - covenant/agreement", "*təḥānnēm*": "Qal imperfect 2nd masculine singular with 3rd masculine plural suffix - you shall show favor/be gracious" }, "variants": { "*nātān*": "give/deliver/put", "*hikkîtā*": "strike/defeat/smite", "*haḥărēm taḥărîm*": "utterly destroy/completely destroy/devote to destruction", "*tikrōt*": "cut/make/establish", "*bərît*": "covenant/agreement/treaty", "*təḥānnēm*": "show favor to them/be gracious to them/pity them" } } 3 { "verseID": "Deuteronomy.7.3", "source": "וְלֹ֥א תִתְחַתֵּ֖ן בָּ֑ם בִּתְּךָ֙ לֹא־תִתֵּ֣ן לִבְנ֔וֹ וּבִתּ֖וֹ לֹא־תִקַּ֥ח לִבְנֶֽךָ׃", "text": "And not *titḥattēn* with them; your *bittəkā* not *tittēn* to his son, and his *bittô* not *tiqqaḥ* for your son.", "grammar": { "*titḥattēn*": "Hithpael imperfect 2nd masculine singular - you shall intermarry/make marriage alliance", "*bittəkā*": "noun feminine singular construct with 2nd masculine singular suffix - your daughter", "*tittēn*": "Qal imperfect 2nd masculine singular - you shall give", "*bittô*": "noun feminine singular construct with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his daughter", "*tiqqaḥ*": "Qal imperfect 2nd masculine singular - you shall take" }, "variants": { "*titḥattēn*": "intermarry/make marriage alliance/form marriage ties", "*tittēn*": "give/allow/permit", "*tiqqaḥ*": "take/receive/accept" } } 4 { "verseID": "Deuteronomy.7.4", "source": "כִּֽי־יָסִ֤יר אֶת־בִּנְךָ֙ מֵֽאַחֲרַ֔י וְעָבְד֖וּ אֱלֹהִ֣ים אֲחֵרִ֑ים וְחָרָ֤ה אַף־יְהוָה֙ בָּכֶ֔ם וְהִשְׁמִידְךָ֖ מַהֵֽר׃", "text": "For he *yāsîr* your *binkā* from after me, and they *ʿāvdû* *ʾĕlōhîm* *ʾăḥērîm*, and *ḥārâ* *ʾap-YHWH* against you, and he *hišmîdkā* quickly.", "grammar": { "*yāsîr*": "Hiphil imperfect 3rd masculine singular - he will turn aside/remove", "*binkā*": "noun masculine singular construct with 2nd masculine singular suffix - your son", "*ʿāvdû*": "Qal perfect 3rd common plural - they will serve/worship", "*ʾĕlōhîm*": "noun masculine plural - gods", "*ʾăḥērîm*": "adjective masculine plural - other/foreign", "*ḥārâ*": "Qal perfect 3rd masculine singular - kindled/burned", "*ʾap-YHWH*": "noun masculine singular construct + proper noun - anger of YHWH/LORD", "*hišmîdkā*": "Hiphil perfect 3rd masculine singular with 2nd masculine singular suffix - he will destroy you" }, "variants": { "*yāsîr*": "turn aside/remove/lead astray", "*ʿāvdû*": "serve/worship/work for", "*ʾĕlōhîm*": "gods/deities", "*ʾăḥērîm*": "other/foreign/strange", "*ḥārâ*": "burn/kindle/become hot", "*ʾap*": "anger/nose/wrath", "*hišmîdkā*": "destroy you/annihilate you/exterminate you" } }
• Isa 6:13 : 13 { "verseID": "Isaiah.6.13", "source": "וְע֥וֹד בָּהּ֙ עֲשִׂ֣רִיָּ֔ה וְשָׁ֖בָה וְהָיְתָ֣ה לְבָעֵ֑ר כָּאֵלָ֣ה וְכָאַלּ֗וֹן אֲשֶׁ֤ר בְּשַׁלֶּ֙כֶת֙ מַצֶּ֣בֶת בָּ֔ם זֶ֥רַע קֹ֖דֶשׁ מַצַּבְתָּֽהּ׃", "text": "And yet in it *ʿăśîriyyāh* *wəshābāh* *wəhāyətāh* for *bāʿēr* as the *ʾēlāh* and as the *ʾallôn* which in *shalleket* *massẹbet* in them *zeraʿ* *qōdesh* *massạbtāh*.", "grammar": { "*ʿôd*": "adverb - yet/still/again", "*bāh*": "preposition with 3rd person feminine singular suffix - in it", "*ʿăśîriyyāh*": "noun, feminine singular - tenth part", "*wəshābāh*": "waw conjunction + qal perfect, 3rd person feminine singular - and it will return", "*wəhāyətāh*": "waw conjunction + qal perfect, 3rd person feminine singular - and it will be", "*bāʿēr*": "preposition + piel infinitive construct - for burning/consuming", "*ʾēlāh*": "noun, feminine singular with definite article - the terebinth", "*ʾallôn*": "noun, masculine singular with definite article - the oak", "*ʾăsher*": "relative particle - which/that", "*shalleket*": "noun, feminine singular - felling/casting down", "*massẹbet*": "noun, feminine singular - stump/stock", "*bām*": "preposition with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - in them", "*zeraʿ*": "noun, masculine singular construct - seed of", "*qōdesh*": "noun, masculine singular - holiness/sacred", "*massạbtāh*": "noun, feminine singular with 3rd person feminine singular suffix - its stump/stock" }, "variants": { "*ʿăśîriyyāh*": "tenth part/tithe/remnant", "*shûb*": "return/turn back/repent", "*hāyāh*": "be/become/happen", "*bāʿēr*": "burning/consuming/destruction", "*ʾēlāh*": "terebinth tree/large tree", "*ʾallôn*": "oak tree/strong tree", "*shalleket*": "felling/casting/falling of leaves", "*massẹbet*": "stump/stock/pillar/monument", "*zeraʿ*": "seed/offspring/descendants", "*qōdesh*": "holiness/sacredness/holy thing" } }
• Mal 2:11 : 11 { "verseID": "Malachi.2.11", "source": "בָּגְדָ֣ה יְהוּדָ֔ה וְתוֹעֵבָ֛ה נֶעֶשְׂתָ֥ה בְיִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל וּבִירֽוּשָׁלָ֑͏ִם כִּ֣י ׀ חִלֵּ֣ל יְהוּדָ֗ה קֹ֤דֶשׁ יְהוָה֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר אָהֵ֔ב וּבָעַ֖ל בַּת־אֵ֥ל נֵכָֽר׃", "text": "*bāgdâ* *Yəhûdâ* and-*tôʿēbâ* *neʿeśtâ* in-*Yiśrāʾēl* and-in-*Yərûšālāim* for *ḥillēl* *Yəhûdâ* *qōdeš* *YHWH* *ʾăšer* *ʾāhēb* and-*bāʿal* *bat*-*ʾēl* *nēkār*", "grammar": { "*bāgdâ*": "qal perfect 3rd person feminine singular - she has dealt treacherously", "*Yəhûdâ*": "proper noun - Judah", "*tôʿēbâ*": "feminine singular noun - abomination", "*neʿeśtâ*": "niphal perfect 3rd person feminine singular - she has been done/made", "*Yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel", "*Yərûšālāim*": "proper noun - Jerusalem", "*ḥillēl*": "piel perfect 3rd person masculine singular - he has profaned", "*qōdeš*": "masculine singular construct - holiness/sanctuary of", "*YHWH*": "divine name", "*ʾăšer*": "relative pronoun - which/whom", "*ʾāhēb*": "qal perfect 3rd person masculine singular - he has loved", "*bāʿal*": "qal perfect 3rd person masculine singular - he has married/possessed", "*bat*": "feminine singular construct - daughter of", "*ʾēl*": "masculine singular noun - god", "*nēkār*": "masculine singular noun - foreigner/strange" }, "variants": { "*bāgdâ*": "she has dealt treacherously/faithlessly/deceitfully", "*tôʿēbâ*": "abomination/detestable thing", "*neʿeśtâ*": "she has been done/made/performed", "*ḥillēl*": "he has profaned/defiled/polluted", "*qōdeš*": "holiness/sanctuary/holy thing of", "*ʾāhēb*": "he has loved/had affection for", "*bāʿal*": "he has married/possessed/become master of", "*bat*": "daughter/female descendant of", "*ʾēl* *nēkār*": "foreign god/strange deity" } }
• Mal 2:15 : 15 { "verseID": "Malachi.2.15", "source": "וְלֹא־אֶחָ֣ד עָשָׂ֗ה וּשְׁאָ֥ר ר֙וּחַ֙ ל֔וֹ וּמָה֙ הָֽאֶחָ֔ד מְבַקֵּ֖שׁ זֶ֣רַע אֱלֹהִ֑ים וְנִשְׁמַרְתֶּם֙ בְּר֣וּחֲכֶ֔ם וּבְאֵ֥שֶׁת נְעוּרֶ֖יךָ אַל־יִבְגֹּֽד׃", "text": "And-not-*ʾeḥād* *ʿāśâ* and-*šəʾār* *rûaḥ* to-him and-what the-*ʾeḥād* *məbaqqēš* *zeraʿ* *ʾĕlōhîm* and-*nišmartem* in-*rûḥăkem* and-in-*ʾēšet* *nəʿûreykā* not-*yibgōd*", "grammar": { "*ʾeḥād*": "cardinal number - one", "*ʿāśâ*": "qal perfect 3rd person masculine singular - he did/made", "*šəʾār*": "masculine singular noun - remnant/rest", "*rûaḥ*": "feminine singular noun - spirit/breath", "*ʾeḥād*": "cardinal number - one", "*məbaqqēš*": "piel participle masculine singular - seeking", "*zeraʿ*": "masculine singular construct - seed/offspring of", "*ʾĕlōhîm*": "masculine plural noun - God", "*nišmartem*": "niphal perfect 2nd person masculine plural - take heed/guard yourselves", "*rûḥăkem*": "feminine singular noun with 2nd person masculine plural suffix - your spirit", "*ʾēšet*": "feminine singular construct - wife of", "*nəʿûreykā*": "masculine plural noun with 2nd person masculine singular suffix - your youth", "*yibgōd*": "qal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular jussive - let him deal treacherously" }, "variants": { "*ʾeḥād*": "one/united", "*ʿāśâ*": "he did/made/created", "*šəʾār*": "remnant/remainder/rest", "*rûaḥ*": "spirit/breath/mind/wind", "*məbaqqēš*": "seeking/looking for/desiring", "*zeraʿ* *ʾĕlōhîm*": "seed of God/godly offspring", "*nišmartem*": "take heed/guard yourselves/be careful", "*rûḥăkem*": "your spirit/mind/disposition", "*yibgōd*": "let him deal treacherously/faithlessly/deceitfully" } }
• 1 Cor 7:14 : 14 { "verseID": "1 Corinthians.7.14", "source": "Ἡγίασται γὰρ ὁ ἀνὴρ ὁ ἄπιστος ἐν τῇ γυναικί, καὶ ἡγίασται ἡ γυνὴ ἡ ἄπιστος ἐν τῷ ἀνδρί: ἐπεὶ ἄρα τὰ τέκνα ὑμῶν ἀκάθαρτά ἐστιν· νῦν δὲ ἅγιά ἐστιν.", "text": "Has been *hēgiastai* *gar* the *anēr* the *apistos* in the *gunaiki*, and has been *hēgiastai* the *gunē* the *apistos* in the *andri*: since then the *tekna* of you *akatharta* *estin*; *nun* *de* *hagia* *estin*.", "grammar": { "*hēgiastai*": "perfect passive indicative, 3rd person singular - has been sanctified/made holy", "*gar*": "postpositive particle - for/because", "*anēr*": "nominative, masculine, singular - husband/man", "*apistos*": "nominative, masculine, singular, adjective - unbelieving/unfaithful", "*gunaiki*": "dative, feminine, singular - wife/woman", "*gunē*": "nominative, feminine, singular - wife/woman", "*apistos*": "nominative, feminine, singular, adjective - unbelieving/unfaithful", "*andri*": "dative, masculine, singular - husband/man", "*tekna*": "nominative, neuter, plural - children", "*akatharta*": "nominative, neuter, plural, adjective - unclean/impure", "*estin*": "present active indicative, 3rd person singular - is/are", "*nun*": "adverb - now/at present", "*de*": "postpositive particle - but/and/however", "*hagia*": "nominative, neuter, plural, adjective - holy/set apart", "*estin*": "present active indicative, 3rd person singular - is/are" }, "variants": { "*hēgiastai*": "has been sanctified/made holy/consecrated", "*anēr*": "husband/man", "*apistos*": "unbelieving/unfaithful/non-Christian", "*gunaiki*": "wife/woman", "*gunē*": "wife/woman", "*andri*": "husband/man", "*tekna*": "children/offspring", "*akatharta*": "unclean/impure/unholy", "*hagia*": "holy/set apart/consecrated" } }
• Neh 13:28 : 28 { "verseID": "Nehemiah.13.28", "source": "וּמִבְּנֵ֨י יוֹיָדָ֤ע בֶּן־אֶלְיָשִׁיב֙ הַכֹּהֵ֣ן הַגָּד֔וֹל חָתָ֖ן לְסַנְבַלַּ֣ט הַחֹרֹנִ֑י וָאַבְרִיחֵ֖הוּ מֵעָלָֽי׃", "text": "And-from-*bənê* *yôyādāʿ* *ben*-*ʾelyāšîb* *hakkōhēn* *haggādôl*, *ḥātān* to-*sanballaṭ* *haḥōrōnî*; *wāʾabrîḥēhû* from-*ʿālāy*.", "grammar": { "*û-mib-bənê*": "conjunction + preposition 'from' + masculine plural construct noun - and from the sons of", "*yôyādāʿ*": "proper noun - Joiada", "*ben-ʾelyāšîb*": "construct chain, 'son of' + proper noun - son of Eliashib", "*hakkōhēn*": "definite article + masculine singular noun - the priest", "*haggādôl*": "definite article + masculine singular adjective - the great/high", "*ḥātān*": "masculine singular noun in construct - son-in-law of", "*lə-sanballaṭ*": "preposition + proper noun - to Sanballat", "*haḥōrōnî*": "definite article + gentilic adjective - the Horonite", "*wāʾabrîḥēhû*": "conjunction + hiphil imperfect 1st person singular + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - and I drove him away", "*mēʿālāy*": "preposition + 1st person singular suffix - from upon me/from my presence" }, "variants": { "*ḥātān*": "son-in-law/bridegroom/related by marriage", "*ʾabrîḥēhû*": "drove away/expelled/caused to flee", "*mēʿālāy*": "from upon me/from my presence/from before me" } }
• Gen 6:2 : 2 { "verseID": "Genesis.6.2", "source": "וַיִּרְא֤וּ בְנֵי־הָֽאֱלֹהִים֙ אֶת־בְּנ֣וֹת הָֽאָדָ֔ם כִּ֥י טֹבֹ֖ת הֵ֑נָּה וַיִּקְח֤וּ לָהֶם֙ נָשִׁ֔ים מִכֹּ֖ל אֲשֶׁ֥ר בָּחָֽרוּ׃", "text": "*wa-yirʾû* *bĕnê*-*hā-ʾĕlōhîm* *ʾet*-*bĕnôt* *hā-ʾādām* that *ṭōbōt* they *hēnnâ* and *wa-yiqĕḥû* to them *nāšîm* from all which *bāḥārû*", "grammar": { "*wa-yirʾû*": "conjunction + qal imperfect 3mp - and they saw", "*bĕnê*": "noun masculine plural construct - sons of", "*hā-ʾĕlōhîm*": "noun masculine plural with definite article - God/gods/divine beings", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*bĕnôt*": "noun feminine plural construct - daughters of", "*hā-ʾādām*": "noun masculine singular with definite article - man/mankind/humanity", "*ṭōbōt*": "adjective feminine plural - good/beautiful/fair", "*hēnnâ*": "3fp personal pronoun - they (feminine)", "*wa-yiqĕḥû*": "conjunction + qal imperfect 3mp - and they took", "*nāšîm*": "noun feminine plural - women/wives", "*bāḥārû*": "qal perfect 3cp - they chose" }, "variants": { "*bĕnê-hā-ʾĕlōhîm*": "sons of God/divine beings/angelic beings/mighty men", "*ṭōbōt*": "good/beautiful/attractive/fair", "*nāšîm*": "women/wives" } }
• Neh 13:3-4 : 3 { "verseID": "Nehemiah.13.3", "source": "וַיְהִ֖י כְּשָׁמְעָ֣ם אֶת־הַתּוֹרָ֑ה וַיַּבְדִּ֥ילוּ כָל־עֵ֖רֶב מִיּשְׂרָאֵֽל׃", "text": "And *wayhî* when *šām'ām* *'eṯ*-the *tôrāh*; and *wayyaḇdîlû* all-*'ēreḇ* from *Yiśrā'ēl*.", "grammar": { "*wayhî*": "Qal imperfect consecutive 3rd masculine singular of *hāyāh* - and it was/came to pass", "*šām'ām*": "Qal infinitive construct with 3rd masculine plural suffix - their hearing", "*'eṯ*": "direct object marker", "*tôrāh*": "feminine singular noun with definite article - law/instruction", "*wayyaḇdîlû*": "Hiphil imperfect consecutive 3rd masculine plural - and they separated", "*'ēreḇ*": "masculine singular noun - mixed multitude/foreigners", "*Yiśrā'ēl*": "proper name - Israel" }, "variants": { "*'ēreḇ*": "mixed multitude/foreigners/mixture/mixed people", "*tôrāh*": "law/instruction/teaching" } } 4 { "verseID": "Nehemiah.13.4", "source": "וְלִפְנֵ֣י מִזֶּ֔ה אֶלְיָשִׁיב֙ הַכֹּהֵ֔ן נָת֖וּן בְּלִשְׁכַּ֣ת בֵּית־אֱלֹהֵ֑ינוּ קָר֖וֹב לְטוֹבִיָּֽה׃", "text": "And before *mizzeh* *'Elyāšîḇ* the *kōhēn* being *nāṯûn* in *liškaṯ* *bêṯ*-*'ĕlōhênû*, *qārôḇ* to *Ṭôḇiyyāh*.", "grammar": { "*mizzeh*": "preposition *min* + demonstrative pronoun - from this", "*'Elyāšîḇ*": "proper name - Eliashib", "*kōhēn*": "masculine singular noun with definite article - priest", "*nāṯûn*": "Qal passive participle - given/appointed/placed", "*liškaṯ*": "feminine singular construct - chamber of", "*bêṯ*": "masculine singular construct - house of", "*'ĕlōhênû*": "masculine plural noun with 1st person plural suffix - our God", "*qārôḇ*": "Qal participle/adjective - related/near/close", "*Ṭôḇiyyāh*": "proper name - Tobiah" }, "variants": { "*mizzeh*": "from this/before this", "*nāṯûn*": "given/appointed/placed/assigned", "*qārôḇ*": "related/near/close/allied with", "*'ĕlōhênû*": "our God (plural form used for singular deity)" } }
• Neh 13:17 : 17 { "verseID": "Nehemiah.13.17", "source": "וָאָרִ֕יבָה אֵ֖ת חֹרֵ֣י יְהוּדָ֑ה וָאֹמְרָ֣ה לָהֶ֗ם מָֽה־הַדָּבָ֨ר הָרָ֤ע הַזֶּה֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר אַתֶּ֣ם עֹשִׂ֔ים וּֽמְחַלְּלִ֖ים אֶת־י֥וֹם הַשַׁבָּֽת׃", "text": "And *ʾārîbâ* *ʾēt* *ḥōrê* *yəhûdâ* and *ʾōmərâ* to them, 'What-the *dābār* the *rāʿ* the *zeh* which *ʾattem* *ʿōśîm*, and *məḥalləlîm* *ʾet*-*yôm* the *šabbāt*?'", "grammar": { "*ʾārîbâ*": "Qal imperfect 1st person singular with waw consecutive - and I contended/disputed", "*ʾēt*": "direct object marker", "*ḥōrê*": "masculine plural construct - nobles/free-born/white ones of", "*yəhûdâ*": "proper noun - Judah", "*ʾōmərâ*": "Qal imperfect 1st person singular with waw consecutive - and I said", "*dābār*": "masculine singular with definite article - word/thing/matter", "*rāʿ*": "adjective masculine singular with definite article - evil/bad", "*zeh*": "demonstrative pronoun masculine singular with definite article - this", "*ʾattem*": "2nd person masculine plural pronoun - you", "*ʿōśîm*": "Qal participle masculine plural - doing/making", "*məḥalləlîm*": "Piel participle masculine plural - profaning/desecrating", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*yôm*": "masculine singular construct - day of", "*šabbāt*": "feminine singular with definite article - the Sabbath" }, "variants": { "*ʾārîbâ*": "contended/disputed/strove with", "*ḥōrê*": "nobles/free-born men/white ones", "*dābār*": "word/thing/matter/affair", "*rāʿ*": "evil/bad/wicked/harmful", "*məḥalləlîm*": "profaning/desecrating/defiling" } }