Verse 1

{ "verseID": "Ezra.9.1", "source": "וּכְכַלּ֣וֹת אֵ֗לֶּה נִגְּשׁ֨וּ אֵלַ֤י הַשָּׂרִים֙ לֵאמֹ֔ר לֹֽא־נִבְדְּל֞וּ הָעָ֤ם יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ וְהַכֹּהֲנִ֣ים וְהַלְוִיִּ֔ם מֵעַמֵּ֖י הָאֲרָצ֑וֹת כְּ֠תוֹעֲבֹֽתֵיהֶם לַכְּנַעֲנִ֨י הַחִתִּ֜י הַפְּרִזִּ֣י הַיְבוּסִ֗י הָֽעַמֹּנִי֙ הַמֹּ֣אָבִ֔י הַמִּצְרִ֖י וְהָאֱמֹרִֽי", "text": "And when *kāllôt* these, *nāgaš* to-me the *śārîm* *lēʾmōr*, not-*bādal* the *ʿam yiśrāʾēl* and-the-*kōhanîm* and-the-*lǝwiyyîm* from-*ʿammê hāʾărāṣôt* according-to-*tôʿăbōtêhem* of-the-*kǝnaʿănî* the-*ḥittî* the-*pǝrizzî* the-*yǝbûsî* the-*ʿammōnî* the-*môʾābî* the-*miṣrî* and-the-*ʾĕmōrî*", "grammar": { "*kāllôt*": "infinitive construct of *kālâ* - 'to finish/complete' with prefix כְּ ('when/as')", "*nāgaš*": "Niphal perfect 3rd plural - 'approached/drew near'", "*śārîm*": "plural of *śar* - 'officials/princes'", "*lēʾmōr*": "infinitive construct - 'to say/saying'", "*bādal*": "Niphal perfect 3rd plural with negative לֹא - 'have not separated'", "*ʿam yiśrāʾēl*": "construct relationship - 'people of Israel'", "*kōhanîm*": "plural - 'priests'", "*lǝwiyyîm*": "plural - 'Levites'", "*ʿammê hāʾărāṣôt*": "construct relationship - 'peoples of the lands'", "*tôʿăbōtêhem*": "feminine plural with 3rd person plural suffix - 'their abominations'" }, "variants": { "*kāllôt*": "finishing/completing/ending", "*nāgaš*": "approached/came near/drew close", "*śārîm*": "officials/princes/leaders", "*bādal*": "separated/distinguished/set apart", "*tôʿăbōtêhem*": "abominations/detestable practices" } }

Other Translations

• GT, oversatt fra Hebraisk

  Da disse tingene var fullført, kom lederne til meg og sa: Folkene i Israel, prestene og levittene har ikke holdt seg atskilt fra de omkringliggende nasjonene med deres avskyelige skikker, fra kanaaneerne, hetittene, perisittene, jebusittene, ammonittene, moabittene, egypterne og amorittene.

• Moderne oversettelse av Bibelen fra 1611 KJV med hebraisk kontekst

  Da disse tingene var gjort, kom høvdingene til meg og sa: Israels folk, prestene og levittene har ikke skilt seg fra landenes folk, men har fulgt deres avskyeligheter, selv de fra kanaanittene, hetittene, perisittene, jebusittene, ammonittene, moabittene, egypterne og amorittene.

• Norsk King James

  Da disse lederne kom til meg og sa: Folket i Israel, prestene og levittene har ikke adskilt seg fra de andre folkeslagene, men har fulgt deres avskyeligheter og blitt blandet med kana’anittene, hittittene, perisittene, jebusittene, ammonittene, moabittene, egyptierne og amorittene.

• Modernisert Norsk Bibel 1866

  Da dette var fullført, kom lederne fram til meg og sa: Israels folk, prestene og levittene har ikke skilt seg fra landets folk med deres avskyelige handlinger, nemlig kanaaneerne, hetittene, perisittene, jebusittene, ammonittene, moabittene, egypterne og amorittene.

• Oversettelse av hebraiske Bibeltekster til moderne norsk bokmål

  Da disse tingene var over, kom fyrstene til meg og sa: "Folket Israel, prestene og levittene har ikke holdt seg adskilt fra folkene i landene som følger de avskyelige skikkene til kanaanittene, hetittene, perisittene, jebusittene, ammonittene, moabittene, egypterne og amorittene.

• Bibelen: En Moderne Oversettelse av King James Version 1611

  Da alt dette var gjort, kom lederne til meg og sa: Israels folk, prestene og levittene har ikke skilt seg fra de andre folkene i landene rundt, og de har tatt etter deres avskyelige skikker, inkludert de til kanaaneerne, hetittene, perisittene, jebusittene, ammonittene, moabittene, egypterne og amorittene.

• o3-mini KJV Norsk

  Da alt dette var fullført, kom de ledende herrene til meg og sa: Israels folk, prestene og levittene har ikke holdt seg adskilt fra de folk som bor i landet, men lever etter deres avguder, slik det er hos kana'anittene, hittittene, perisittene, jebusittene, ammonittene, moabittene, egypterne og amorittene.

• En Moderne Oversettelse av King James Version 1611 (mar 2025)

  Da alt dette var gjort, kom lederne til meg og sa: Israels folk, prestene og levittene har ikke skilt seg fra de andre folkene i landene rundt, og de har tatt etter deres avskyelige skikker, inkludert de til kanaaneerne, hetittene, perisittene, jebusittene, ammonittene, moabittene, egypterne og amorittene.

• Lingvistisk bibeloversettelse fra grunntekst

  Da disse tingene var ferdige, kom lederne til meg og sa: "Israels folk, prestene og levittene har ikke skilt seg fra landenes folkeslag med sine avskyelige handlinger, som kanaanittene, hetittene, perisittene, jebusittene, ammonittene, moabittene, egypterne og amorittene."

• Linguistic Bible Translation from Source Texts

  When these things were completed, the officials approached me and said, 'The people of Israel, including the priests and Levites, have not separated themselves from the surrounding peoples and their detestable practices, like those of the Canaanites, Hittites, Perizzites, Jebusites, Ammonites, Moabites, Egyptians, and Amorites.'

• GT, oversatt fra hebraisk Aug2024

  Da dette var fullført, nærmet lederne seg meg og sa: 'Israels folk, prestene og levittene har ikke skilt seg fra folkene i landene omkring med deres avskyelige skikker, som kanaaneerne, hetittene, perisittene, jebusittene, ammonittene, moabittene, egypterne og amorittene.'

• Original Norsk Bibel 1866

  Og der dette var fuldendt, gik de Øverste frem til mig og sagde: Israels Folk og Præsterne og Leviterne ere ikke adskilte fra Folkene i Landene efter deres Vederstyggeligheder, nemlig Cananiternes, Hethiternes, Pheresiternes, Jebusiternes, Ammoniternes, Moabiternes, Ægypternes og Amoriternes.

• King James Version 1769 (Standard Version)

  Now when these things were done, the princes came to me, saying, The people of Israel, and the priests, and the Levites, have not separated themselves from the people of the lands, doing according to their abominations, even of the Canaanites, the Hittites, the Perizzites, the Jebusites, the Ammonites, the Moabites, the Egyptians, and the Amorites.

• KJV 1769 norsk

  Da dette var gjort, kom fyrstene til meg og sa: «Israels folk, prestene og levittene har ikke skilt seg fra folkene i landene, men praktiserer de samme avskyelige skikkene som kanaaneerne, hetittene, perisittene, jebusittene, ammonittene, moabittene, egypterne og amorittene.»

• KJV1611 - Moderne engelsk

  Now when these things were done, the princes came to me, saying, The people of Israel, the priests, and the Levites, have not separated themselves from the peoples of the lands, doing according to their abominations, even those of the Canaanites, the Hittites, the Perizzites, the Jebusites, the Ammonites, the Moabites, the Egyptians, and the Amorites.

• King James Version 1611 (Original)

  Now when these things were done, the princes came to me, saying, The people of Israel, and the priests, and the Levites, have not separated themselves from the people of the lands, doing according to their abominations, even of the Canaanites, the Hittites, the Perizzites, the Jebusites, the Ammonites, the Moabites, the Egyptians, and the Amorites.

• Norsk oversettelse av Webster

  Da dette var gjort, kom lederne til meg og sa: Israels folk, prestene og levittene har ikke holdt seg atskilt fra folkene i landene, men har fulgt deres avskyeligheter, slik som kanaanittene, hetittene, perisittene, jebusittene, ammonittene, moabittene, egypterne og amorittene.

• Norsk oversettelse av Youngs Literal Translation

  Da alt dette var fullført, kom lederne til meg og sa: 'Israels folk, prestene og levittene har ikke skilt seg fra landets folk og deres avskyeligheter, som kanaaneerne, hetittene, perisittene, jebusittene, ammonittene, moabittene, egypterne og amorittene.

• Norsk oversettelse av ASV1901

  Når dette var gjort, kom lederne til meg og sa: Israels folk, prestene og levittene har ikke skilt seg fra folkene i landene, men fulgt deres avskyelige skikker, som kanaaneerne, hetittene, perisittene, jebusittene, ammonittene, moabittene, egypterne og amorittene.

• Norsk oversettelse av BBE

  Da dette var gjort, kom lederne til meg og sa: Israels folk, prestene og levittene har ikke holdt seg adskilt fra landenes folk, men har deltatt i de avskyelige skikkene til kanaaneerne, hetittene, perisittene, jebusittene, ammonittene, moabittene, egypterne og amorittene.

• Coverdale Bible (1535)

  Whan all this was perfourmed, the rulers came to me, and sayde: The people of Israel, and the prestes, & Leuites are not separated from the nacions in the londes as touchinge their abhominacions, namely of the Cananites, Hethites, Pheresites, Iebusites, Ammonites, Moabites, Egipcians, and Amorites.

• Geneva Bible (1560)

  When as these things were done, the rulers came to me, saying, The people of Israel, and the Priestes, and the Leuites are not separated from the people of the lands (as touching their abominations) to wit, of the Canaanites, the Hittites, the Perizzites, the Iebusites, the Ammonites, the Moabites, the Egyptians, and the Amorites.

• Bishops' Bible (1568)

  When these thinges were done, the rulers came to me, and sayde: The people of Israel, and the priestes & Leuites are not separated from the people of the landes, as touching their abhominations: namely of the Chanaanites, Hethites, Pherezites, Iebusites, Ammonites, Moabites, Egyptians, and Amorites.

• Authorized King James Version (1611)

  ¶ Now when these things were done, the princes came to me, saying, The people of Israel, and the priests, and the Levites, have not separated themselves from the people of the lands, [doing] according to their abominations, [even] of the Canaanites, the Hittites, the Perizzites, the Jebusites, the Ammonites, the Moabites, the Egyptians, and the Amorites.

• Webster's Bible (1833)

  Now when these things were done, the princes drew near to me, saying, The people of Israel, and the priests and the Levites, have not separated themselves from the peoples of the lands, [doing] according to their abominations, even of the Canaanites, the Hittites, the Perizzites, the Jebusites, the Ammonites, the Moabites, the Egyptians, and the Amorites.

• Young's Literal Translation (1862/1898)

  And at the completion of these things, drawn nigh unto me have the heads, saying, `The people of Israel, and the priests, and the Levites, have not been separated from the peoples of the lands, as to their abominations, even the Canaanite, the Hittite, the Perizzite, the Jebusite, the Ammonite, the Moabite, the Egyptian, and the Amorite,

• American Standard Version (1901)

  Now when these things were done, the princes drew near unto me, saying, The people of Israel, and the priests and the Levites, have not separated themselves from the peoples of the lands, [doing] according to their abominations, even of the Canaanites, the Hittites, the Perizzites, the Jebusites, the Ammonites, the Moabites, the Egyptians, and the Amorites.

• Bible in Basic English (1941)

  Now after these things were done, the captains came to me and said, The people of Israel and the priests and Levites have not kept themselves separate from the people of the lands, but have taken part in the disgusting ways of the Canaanites, the Hittites, the Perizzites, the Jebusites, the Ammonites, the Moabites, the Egyptians, and the Amorites.

• World English Bible (2000)

  Now when these things were done, the princes drew near to me, saying, "The people of Israel, and the priests and the Levites, have not separated themselves from the peoples of the lands, [doing] according to their abominations, even of the Canaanites, the Hittites, the Perizzites, the Jebusites, the Ammonites, the Moabites, the Egyptians, and the Amorites.

• NET Bible® (New English Translation)

  A Prayer of Ezra Now when these things had been completed, the leaders approached me and said,“The people of Israel, the priests, and the Levites have not separated themselves from the local residents who practice detestable things similar to those of the Canaanites, the Hittites, the Perizzites, the Jebusites, the Ammonites, the Moabites, the Egyptians, and the Amorites.

Referenced Verses

• Neh 9:2 : 2 { "verseID": "Nehemiah.9.2", "source": "וַיִּבָּֽדְלוּ֙ זֶ֣רַע יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל מִכֹּ֖ל בְּנֵ֣י נֵכָ֑ר וַיַּעַמְד֗וּ וַיִּתְוַדּוּ֙ עַל־חַטֹּ֣אתֵיהֶ֔ם וַעֲוֺנ֖וֹת אֲבֹתֵיהֶֽם׃", "text": "And *wayyibbādəlû* *zeraʿ* *Yiśrāʾēl* from all *bənê* *nēkār*, and *wayyaʿamdû* and *wayyitwaddû* upon-*ḥaṭṭōʾtêhem* and *ʿăwōnôt* *ʾăḇōtêhem*.", "grammar": { "*wayyibbādəlû*": "niphal imperfect consecutive 3rd person plural - and they separated themselves", "*zeraʿ*": "masculine singular construct - seed/offspring of", "*Yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel", "*bənê*": "masculine plural construct - sons/children of", "*nēkār*": "masculine singular - foreign/strange", "*wayyaʿamdû*": "qal imperfect consecutive 3rd person plural - and they stood", "*wayyitwaddû*": "hitpael imperfect consecutive 3rd person plural - and they confessed", "*ḥaṭṭōʾtêhem*": "feminine plural with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - their sins", "*ʿăwōnôt*": "masculine plural construct - iniquities of", "*ʾăḇōtêhem*": "masculine plural with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - their fathers" }, "variants": { "*zeraʿ*": "seed/offspring/descendants", "*nēkār*": "foreign/strange/alien", "*ḥaṭṭōʾtêhem*": "their sins/offenses/failures", "*ʿăwōnôt*": "iniquities/guilt/wrongdoing", "*ʾăḇōtêhem*": "their fathers/ancestors/forefathers" } }
• Lev 18:24-30 : 24 { "verseID": "Leviticus.18.24", "source": "אַל־תִּֽטַּמְּא֖וּ בְּכָל־אֵ֑לֶּה כִּ֤י בְכָל־אֵ֙לֶּה֙ נִטְמְא֣וּ הַגּוֹיִ֔ם אֲשֶׁר־אֲנִ֥י מְשַׁלֵּ֖חַ מִפְּנֵיכֶֽם׃", "text": "Not *ʾal*-*tiṭṭammʾû* in *bəkāl*-*ʾēlleh* for *kî* in *bəkāl*-*ʾēlleh* *niṭməʾû* *haggôyim* *ʾăšer*-*ʾănî* *məšallēaḥ* from before you *mippənêkem*", "grammar": { "*ʾal*": "negative particle [for prohibition] - not/do not", "*tiṭṭammʾû*": "Hitpael imperfect, 2nd masculine plural - you shall defile yourselves", "*bəkāl*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular construct - in any/with any", "*ʾēlleh*": "demonstrative pronoun, common plural - these", "*kî*": "conjunction - for/because", "*bəkāl*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular construct - in all/with all", "*ʾēlleh*": "demonstrative pronoun, common plural - these", "*niṭməʾû*": "Niphal perfect, 3rd common plural - they became defiled", "*haggôyim*": "definite article + noun, masculine plural - the nations", "*ʾăšer*": "relative particle - whom/which", "*ʾănî*": "1st person singular pronoun - I", "*məšallēaḥ*": "Piel participle, masculine singular - sending away/driving out", "*mippənêkem*": "preposition + noun, masculine plural construct + 2nd masculine plural suffix - from before you" }, "variants": { "*tiṭṭammʾû*": "you shall defile yourselves/you shall become unclean", "*niṭməʾû*": "they became defiled/they were made unclean", "*haggôyim*": "the nations/the gentiles/the peoples", "*məšallēaḥ*": "sending away/driving out/expelling" } } 25 { "verseID": "Leviticus.18.25", "source": "וַתִּטְמָ֣א הָאָ֔רֶץ וָאֶפְקֹ֥ד עֲוֺנָ֖הּ עָלֶ֑יהָ וַתָּקִ֥א הָאָ֖רֶץ אֶת־יֹשְׁבֶֽיהָ׃", "text": "And *wattiṭmāʾ* *hāʾārets* and *wāʾepqōd* *ʿăwōnāh* *ʿāleyhā* and *wattāqiʾ* *hāʾārets* *ʾet*-*yōšbêhā*", "grammar": { "*wattiṭmāʾ*": "waw-consecutive + Qal imperfect, 3rd feminine singular - and was defiled", "*hāʾārets*": "definite article + noun, feminine singular - the land", "*wāʾepqōd*": "waw-consecutive + Qal imperfect, 1st person singular - and I visited/punished", "*ʿăwōnāh*": "noun, masculine singular + 3rd feminine singular suffix - her iniquity", "*ʿāleyhā*": "preposition + 3rd feminine singular suffix - upon her", "*wattāqiʾ*": "waw-consecutive + Qal imperfect, 3rd feminine singular - and vomited out", "*hāʾārets*": "definite article + noun, feminine singular - the land", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*yōšbêhā*": "Qal participle, masculine plural construct + 3rd feminine singular suffix - her inhabitants" }, "variants": { "*wattiṭmāʾ*": "and was defiled/and became unclean", "*wāʾepqōd*": "and I visited/and I punished/and I brought judgment upon", "*ʿăwōnāh*": "her iniquity/her guilt/her punishment", "*wattāqiʾ*": "and vomited out/and spewed out/and ejected", "*yōšbêhā*": "her inhabitants/her dwellers/those living in it" } } 26 { "verseID": "Leviticus.18.26", "source": "וּשְׁמַרְתֶּ֣ם אַתֶּ֗ם אֶת־חֻקֹּתַי֙ וְאֶת־מִשְׁפָּטַ֔י וְלֹ֣א תַעֲשׂ֔וּ מִכֹּ֥ל הַתּוֹעֵבֹ֖ת הָאֵ֑לֶּה הָֽאֶזְרָ֔ח וְהַגֵּ֖ר הַגָּ֥ר בְּתוֹכְכֶֽם׃", "text": "And *ûšəmartem* *ʾattem* *ʾet*-*ḥuqqōtay* and *wəʾet*-*mišpāṭay* and *wəlōʾ* *taʿăśû* from any *mikkōl* *hattôʿēbōt* *hāʾēlleh* *hāʾezrāḥ* and *wəhaggēr* *haggār* *bətôkəkem*", "grammar": { "*ûšəmartem*": "waw conjunction + Qal perfect, 2nd masculine plural - and you shall keep", "*ʾattem*": "2nd masculine plural pronoun - you", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*ḥuqqōtay*": "noun, feminine plural construct + 1st person singular suffix - my statutes", "*wəʾet*": "waw conjunction + direct object marker", "*mišpāṭay*": "noun, masculine plural construct + 1st person singular suffix - my judgments", "*wəlōʾ*": "waw conjunction + negative particle - and not", "*taʿăśû*": "Qal imperfect, 2nd masculine plural - you shall do", "*mikkōl*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular construct - from any of", "*hattôʿēbōt*": "definite article + noun, feminine plural - the abominations", "*hāʾēlleh*": "definite article + demonstrative pronoun, common plural - these", "*hāʾezrāḥ*": "definite article + noun, masculine singular - the native", "*wəhaggēr*": "waw conjunction + definite article + noun, masculine singular - and the stranger", "*haggār*": "definite article + Qal participle, masculine singular - the one sojourning", "*bətôkəkem*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular + 2nd masculine plural suffix - in your midst" }, "variants": { "*ûšəmartem*": "and you shall keep/and you shall observe/and you shall guard", "*ḥuqqōtay*": "my statutes/my decrees/my ordinances", "*mišpāṭay*": "my judgments/my ordinances/my regulations", "*taʿăśû*": "you shall do/you shall practice/you shall perform", "*tôʿēbōt*": "abominations/detestable things/abhorrent practices", "*hāʾezrāḥ*": "the native/the native-born/the citizen", "*haggēr*": "the stranger/the sojourner/the foreigner" } } 27 { "verseID": "Leviticus.18.27", "source": "כִּ֚י אֶת־כָּל־הַתּוֹעֵבֹ֣ת הָאֵ֔ל עָשׂ֥וּ אַנְשֵֽׁי־הָאָ֖רֶץ אֲשֶׁ֣ר לִפְנֵיכֶ֑ם וַתִּטְמָ֖א הָאָֽרֶץ׃", "text": "For *kî* *ʾet*-*kol*-*hattôʿēbōt* *hāʾēl* *ʿāśû* *ʾanšê*-*hāʾārets* *ʾăšer* before you *lipnêkem* and *wattiṭmāʾ* *hāʾārets*", "grammar": { "*kî*": "conjunction - for/because", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*kol*": "noun, masculine singular construct - all of", "*hattôʿēbōt*": "definite article + noun, feminine plural - the abominations", "*hāʾēl*": "definite article + demonstrative pronoun, common plural - these", "*ʿāśû*": "Qal perfect, 3rd common plural - they did", "*ʾanšê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - men of", "*hāʾārets*": "definite article + noun, feminine singular - the land", "*ʾăšer*": "relative particle - who/which", "*lipnêkem*": "preposition + noun, masculine plural + 2nd masculine plural suffix - before you", "*wattiṭmāʾ*": "waw-consecutive + Qal imperfect, 3rd feminine singular - and was defiled", "*hāʾārets*": "definite article + noun, feminine singular - the land" }, "variants": { "*tôʿēbōt*": "abominations/detestable things/abhorrent practices", "*ʿāśû*": "they did/they practiced/they performed", "*ʾanšê*": "men of/people of/inhabitants of", "*wattiṭmāʾ*": "and was defiled/and became unclean/and was polluted" } } 28 { "verseID": "Leviticus.18.28", "source": "וְלֹֽא־תָקִ֤יא הָאָ֙רֶץ֙ אֶתְכֶ֔ם בְּטַֽמַּאֲכֶ֖ם אֹתָ֑הּ כַּאֲשֶׁ֥ר קָאָ֛ה אֶת־הַגּ֖וֹי אֲשֶׁ֥ר לִפְנֵיכֶֽם׃", "text": "And *wəlōʾ*-*tāqîʾ* *hāʾārets* *ʾetkem* when *bəṭammaʾăkem* *ʾōtāh* as *kaʾăšer* *qāʾāh* *ʾet*-*haggôy* *ʾăšer* before you *lipnêkem*", "grammar": { "*wəlōʾ*": "waw conjunction + negative particle - and not", "*tāqîʾ*": "Hiphil imperfect, 3rd feminine singular - will vomit out", "*hāʾārets*": "definite article + noun, feminine singular - the land", "*ʾetkem*": "direct object marker + 2nd masculine plural suffix - you", "*bəṭammaʾăkem*": "preposition + Piel infinitive construct + 2nd masculine plural suffix - when you defile", "*ʾōtāh*": "direct object marker + 3rd feminine singular suffix - it", "*kaʾăšer*": "preposition + relative particle - as/just as", "*qāʾāh*": "Qal perfect, 3rd feminine singular - it vomited out", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*haggôy*": "definite article + noun, masculine singular - the nation", "*ʾăšer*": "relative particle - which/who", "*lipnêkem*": "preposition + noun, masculine plural + 2nd masculine plural suffix - before you" }, "variants": { "*tāqîʾ*": "will vomit out/will spew out/will eject", "*bəṭammaʾăkem*": "when you defile/when you make unclean/when you pollute", "*qāʾāh*": "it vomited out/it spewed out/it ejected", "*haggôy*": "the nation/the people/the gentile" } } 29 { "verseID": "Leviticus.18.29", "source": "כִּ֚י כָּל־אֲשֶׁ֣ר יַעֲשֶׂ֔ה מִכֹּ֥ל הַתּוֹעֵב֖וֹת הָאֵ֑לֶּה וְנִכְרְת֛וּ הַנְּפָשׁ֥וֹת הָעֹשֹׂ֖ת מִקֶּ֥רֶב עַמָּֽם׃", "text": "For *kî* all *kol*-*ʾăšer* *yaʿăśeh* from *mikkōl* *hattôʿēbôt* *hāʾēlleh* and *wənikrətû* *hannəpāšôt* *hāʿōśōt* from *miqqereb* *ʿammām*", "grammar": { "*kî*": "conjunction - for/because", "*kol*": "noun, masculine singular construct - all/whoever", "*ʾăšer*": "relative particle - who", "*yaʿăśeh*": "Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - does", "*mikkōl*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular construct - from any of", "*hattôʿēbôt*": "definite article + noun, feminine plural - the abominations", "*hāʾēlleh*": "definite article + demonstrative pronoun, common plural - these", "*wənikrətû*": "waw conjunction + Niphal perfect, 3rd common plural - and shall be cut off", "*hannəpāšôt*": "definite article + noun, feminine plural - the souls/persons", "*hāʿōśōt*": "definite article + Qal participle, feminine plural - the ones doing", "*miqqereb*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular construct - from the midst of", "*ʿammām*": "noun, masculine singular + 3rd masculine plural suffix - their people" }, "variants": { "*yaʿăśeh*": "does/practices/performs", "*tôʿēbôt*": "abominations/detestable things/abhorrent practices", "*wənikrətû*": "and shall be cut off/and shall be removed/and shall be excluded", "*hannəpāšôt*": "the souls/the persons/the individuals", "*miqqereb*": "from the midst of/from among" } } 30 { "verseID": "Leviticus.18.30", "source": "וּשְׁמַרְתֶּ֣ם אֶת־מִשְׁמַרְתִּ֗י לְבִלְתִּ֨י עֲשׂ֜וֹת מֵחֻקּ֤וֹת הַתּֽוֹעֵבֹת֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר נַעֲשׂ֣וּ לִפְנֵיכֶ֔ם וְלֹ֥א תִֽטַּמְּא֖וּ בָּהֶ֑ם אֲנִ֖י יְהוָ֥ה אֱלֹהֵיכֶֽם׃", "text": "And *ûšəmartem* *ʾet*-*mišmartî* *ləbiltî* *ʿăśôt* from *mēḥuqqôt* *hattôʿēbōt* *ʾăšer* *naʿăśû* before you *lipnêkem* and *wəlōʾ* *tiṭṭammʾû* by them *bāhem* *ʾănî* *YHWH* *ʾĕlōhêkem*", "grammar": { "*ûšəmartem*": "waw conjunction + Qal perfect, 2nd masculine plural - and you shall keep", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*mišmartî*": "noun, feminine singular + 1st person singular suffix - my charge", "*ləbiltî*": "preposition + adverb - so as not to", "*ʿăśôt*": "Qal infinitive construct - do/practice", "*mēḥuqqôt*": "preposition + noun, feminine plural construct - from the customs of", "*hattôʿēbōt*": "definite article + noun, feminine plural - the abominations", "*ʾăšer*": "relative particle - which", "*naʿăśû*": "Niphal perfect, 3rd common plural - were done/practiced", "*lipnêkem*": "preposition + noun, masculine plural + 2nd masculine plural suffix - before you", "*wəlōʾ*": "waw conjunction + negative particle - and not", "*tiṭṭammʾû*": "Hitpael imperfect, 2nd masculine plural - you shall defile yourselves", "*bāhem*": "preposition + 3rd masculine plural suffix - by them", "*ʾănî*": "1st person singular pronoun - I", "*YHWH*": "proper noun, divine name", "*ʾĕlōhêkem*": "noun, masculine plural + 2nd masculine plural suffix - your God" }, "variants": { "*ûšəmartem*": "and you shall keep/and you shall observe/and you shall guard", "*mišmartî*": "my charge/my ordinance/my command", "*ləbiltî*": "so as not to/in order not to", "*ʿăśôt*": "do/practice/perform", "*mēḥuqqôt*": "from the customs of/from the practices of/from the statutes of", "*tôʿēbōt*": "abominations/detestable things/abhorrent practices", "*naʿăśû*": "were done/were practiced/were performed", "*tiṭṭammʾû*": "you shall defile yourselves/you shall become unclean/you shall be polluted" } }
• Exod 33:16 : 16 { "verseID": "Exodus.33.16", "source": "וּבַמֶּ֣ה ׀ יִוָּדַ֣ע אֵפ֗וֹא כִּֽי־מָצָ֨אתִי חֵ֤ן בְּעֵינֶ֙יךָ֙ אֲנִ֣י וְעַמֶּ֔ךָ הֲל֖וֹא בְּלֶכְתְּךָ֣ עִמָּ֑נוּ וְנִפְלֵ֙ינוּ֙ אֲנִ֣י וְעַמְּךָ֔ מִכָּ֨ל־הָעָ֔ם אֲשֶׁ֖ר עַל־פְּנֵ֥י הָאֲדָמָֽה׃", "text": "And-in-what *yiwwādaʿ ʾēpôʾ* that-*māṣāʾtî ḥēn* in-*ʿênêkā*, I and-*ʿamməkā*? Is-not in-*leḵtəkā* with-us? And-*niplînû* I and-*ʿamməkā* from-all-the-*ʿām* which upon-*pənê* the-*ʾădāmâ*.", "grammar": { "*yiwwādaʿ*": "verb, Niphal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - it will be known", "*ʾēpôʾ*": "adverb - then/now", "*māṣāʾtî*": "verb, Qal perfect, 1st singular - I have found", "*ḥēn*": "noun, masculine singular - favor", "*ʿênêkā*": "noun, feminine dual + 2nd masculine singular suffix - your eyes", "*ʿamməkā*": "noun, masculine singular + 2nd masculine singular suffix - your people", "*leḵtəkā*": "verb, Qal infinitive construct + 2nd masculine singular suffix - your going", "*niplînû*": "verb, Niphal perfect, 1st plural - we are distinct", "*ʿām*": "noun, masculine singular - people", "*pənê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - face of", "*ʾădāmâ*": "noun, feminine singular - ground/earth" }, "variants": { "*yiwwādaʿ*": "it will be known/it will be recognized/it will be acknowledged", "*ʾēpôʾ*": "then/now/indeed", "*māṣāʾtî ḥēn*": "I have found favor/I have found grace", "*ʿamməkā*": "your people/your nation", "*leḵtəkā*": "your going/you going/your walking", "*niplînû*": "we are distinct/we are separated/we are distinguished", "*pənê*": "face of/surface of", "*ʾădāmâ*": "ground/earth/land" } }
• Deut 12:30-31 : 30 { "verseID": "Deuteronomy.12.30", "source": "הִשָּׁ֣מֶר לְךָ֗ פֶּן־תִּנָּקֵשׁ֙ אַחֲרֵיהֶ֔ם אַחֲרֵ֖י הִשָּׁמְדָ֣ם מִפָּנֶ֑יךָ וּפֶן־תִּדְרֹ֨שׁ לֵֽאלֹהֵיהֶ֜ם לֵאמֹ֗ר אֵיכָ֨ה יַעַבְד֜וּ הַגּוֹיִ֤ם הָאֵ֙לֶּה֙ אֶת־אֱלֹ֣הֵיהֶ֔ם וְאֶעֱשֶׂה־כֵּ֖ן גַּם־אָֽנִי׃", "text": "*Hiššāmer* to you *pen*-*tinnāqēš* after them, after *hiššāmḏām* from before you, *û-pen*-*tiḏrōš* to *ʾĕlōhêhem* *lēʾmōr* *ʾêḵāh* *yaʿaḇḏû* the-*gôyim* these *ʾeṯ*-*ʾĕlōhêhem* *wə*-*ʾeʿĕśeh*-*kēn* also-I.", "grammar": { "*hiššāmer*": "imperative Niphal, 2nd masculine singular - take heed/be careful/guard yourself", "*ləḵā*": "preposition with 2nd masculine singular suffix - to you", "*pen*": "conjunction - lest/that not", "*tinnāqēš*": "imperfect Niphal, 2nd masculine singular - you be snared/entrapped", "*ʾaḥărêhem*": "preposition with 3rd masculine plural suffix - after them", "*ʾaḥărê*": "preposition - after", "*hiššāmḏām*": "infinitive construct Niphal with 3rd masculine plural suffix - their being destroyed", "*mippānêḵā*": "preposition + noun, masculine plural construct with 2nd masculine singular suffix - from before you", "*û-pen*": "conjunction + conjunction - and lest", "*tiḏrōš*": "imperfect Qal, 2nd masculine singular - you seek/inquire", "*lē-ʾĕlōhêhem*": "preposition + noun, masculine plural construct with 3rd masculine plural suffix - to/about their gods", "*lēʾmōr*": "preposition + infinitive construct Qal - saying", "*ʾêḵāh*": "interrogative adverb - how", "*yaʿaḇḏû*": "imperfect Qal, 3rd masculine plural - they serve/worship", "*ha-gôyim*": "definite article + noun, masculine plural - the nations/gentiles", "*hā-ʾēlleh*": "definite article + demonstrative pronoun, plural - these", "*ʾeṯ*": "direct object marker", "*ʾĕlōhêhem*": "noun, masculine plural construct with 3rd masculine plural suffix - their gods", "*wə-ʾeʿĕśeh*": "conjunction + imperfect Qal, 1st common singular - and I will do", "*kēn*": "adverb - thus/so", "*gam*": "particle - also/even", "*ʾānî*": "pronoun, 1st common singular - I" }, "variants": { "*hiššāmer*": "guard yourself/take heed/be careful", "*tinnāqēš*": "be snared/be trapped/be enticed", "*hiššāmḏām*": "their destruction/their being destroyed/their annihilation", "*tiḏrōš*": "inquire/seek/investigate", "*ʾĕlōhêhem*": "their gods/their deities", "*lēʾmōr*": "saying/to say", "*ʾêḵāh*": "how/in what manner", "*yaʿaḇḏû*": "serve/worship/work for", "*gôyim*": "nations/gentiles/peoples", "*ʾeʿĕśeh*": "I will do/I will make/I will perform" } } 31 { "verseID": "Deuteronomy.12.31", "source": "לֹא־תַעֲשֶׂ֣ה כֵ֔ן לַיהוָ֖ה אֱלֹהֶ֑יךָ כִּי֩ כָּל־תּוֹעֲבַ֨ת יְהוָ֜ה אֲשֶׁ֣ר שָׂנֵ֗א עָשׂוּ֙ לֵאלֹ֣הֵיהֶ֔ם כִּ֣י גַ֤ם אֶת־בְּנֵיהֶם֙ וְאֶת־בְּנֹ֣תֵיהֶ֔ם יִשְׂרְפ֥וּ בָאֵ֖שׁ לֵֽאלֹהֵיהֶֽם׃", "text": "Not-*taʿăśeh* *kēn* to-*YHWH* *ʾĕlōhêḵā*, for all-*tôʿăḇaṯ* *YHWH* which *śānēʾ* *ʿāśû* to-*ʾĕlōhêhem*, for also *ʾeṯ*-*bənêhem* and-*ʾeṯ*-*bənôṯêhem* *yiśrəp̄û* in-*ʾēš* to-*ʾĕlōhêhem*.", "grammar": { "*lōʾ*": "negative particle - not", "*taʿăśeh*": "imperfect Qal, 2nd masculine singular - you will do/make", "*kēn*": "adverb - thus/so", "*la-YHWH*": "preposition + noun, proper name - to the LORD/Yahweh", "*ʾĕlōhêḵā*": "noun, masculine plural construct with 2nd masculine singular suffix - your God", "*kî*": "conjunction - for/because", "*kol*": "noun, masculine singular construct - all/every", "*tôʿăḇaṯ*": "noun, feminine singular construct - abomination of", "*YHWH*": "noun, proper name - Yahweh/the LORD", "*ʾăšer*": "relative pronoun - which/that", "*śānēʾ*": "perfect Qal, 3rd masculine singular - he hates/hated", "*ʿāśû*": "perfect Qal, 3rd common plural - they did/made", "*lē-ʾĕlōhêhem*": "preposition + noun, masculine plural construct with 3rd masculine plural suffix - to/for their gods", "*kî*": "conjunction - for/because", "*gam*": "particle - also/even", "*ʾeṯ*": "direct object marker", "*bənêhem*": "noun, masculine plural construct with 3rd masculine plural suffix - their sons", "*wə-ʾeṯ*": "conjunction + direct object marker", "*bənôṯêhem*": "noun, feminine plural construct with 3rd masculine plural suffix - their daughters", "*yiśrəp̄û*": "imperfect Qal, 3rd masculine plural - they burn", "*ḇā-ʾēš*": "preposition + definite article + noun, feminine singular - in the fire", "*lē-ʾĕlōhêhem*": "preposition + noun, masculine plural construct with 3rd masculine plural suffix - to/for their gods" }, "variants": { "*taʿăśeh*": "do/make/perform", "*YHWH*": "the LORD/Yahweh", "*ʾĕlōhêḵā*": "your God/your gods (plural form with singular meaning)", "*tôʿăḇaṯ*": "abomination/detestable thing/offensive practice", "*śānēʾ*": "hates/abhors/detests", "*ʿāśû*": "did/made/performed", "*ʾĕlōhêhem*": "their gods/their deities", "*bənêhem*": "their sons/their male children", "*bənôṯêhem*": "their daughters/their female children", "*yiśrəp̄û*": "burn/consume with fire", "*ʾēš*": "fire/flame" } }
• Deut 18:9 : 9 { "verseID": "Deuteronomy.18.9", "source": "כִּ֤י אַתָּה֙ בָּ֣א אֶל־הָאָ֔רֶץ אֲשֶׁר־יְהוָ֥ה אֱלֹהֶ֖יךָ נֹתֵ֣ן לָ֑ךְ לֹֽא־תִלְמַ֣ד לַעֲשׂ֔וֹת כְּתוֹעֲבֹ֖ת הַגּוֹיִ֥ם הָהֵֽם׃", "text": "For *attah* *ba* to-the-*aretz* which-*YHWH* *elohecha* *noten* to-you, not-*tilmad* to-*asot* like-*toavot* the-*goyim* those.", "grammar": { "*attah*": "pronoun, 2nd masculine singular - you", "*ba*": "participle, masculine, singular, qal - coming/entering", "*aretz*": "noun, feminine, singular - land/earth", "*YHWH*": "noun, proper - divine name", "*elohecha*": "noun, masculine, plural + 2nd masculine singular suffix - your God", "*noten*": "participle, masculine, singular, qal - giving", "*tilmad*": "imperfect, 2nd masculine singular, qal - you shall learn", "*asot*": "infinitive construct, qal - to do", "*toavot*": "noun, feminine, plural construct - abominations of", "*goyim*": "noun, masculine, plural - nations/gentiles" }, "variants": { "*ba*": "coming/entering/going", "*aretz*": "land/earth/ground/territory", "*noten*": "giving/granting/bestowing", "*toavot*": "abominations/detestable things/abhorrent practices" } }
• Deut 20:17-18 : 17 { "verseID": "Deuteronomy.20.17", "source": "כִּֽי־הַחֲרֵ֣ם תַּחֲרִימֵ֗ם הַחִתִּ֤י וְהָאֱמֹרִי֙ הַכְּנַעֲנִ֣י וְהַפְּרִזִּ֔י הַחִוִּ֖י וְהַיְבוּסִ֑י כַּאֲשֶׁ֥ר צִוְּךָ֖ יְהוָ֥ה אֱלֹהֶֽיךָ׃", "text": "For *ḥaḥărēm* *taḥărîmēm* the *haḥittî* *wə-hāʾĕmōrî* the *hakəna'ănî* *wə-hapərizzî* the *haḥiwwî* *wə-hayəḇûsî* as *kăʾăšer* commanded you *YHWH* *ʾĕlōheḵā*.", "grammar": { "כִּֽי": "conjunction - for/because", "*ḥaḥărēm*": "infinitive absolute - utterly destroy/devote to destruction", "*taḥărîmēm*": "hiphil imperfect 2nd person masculine singular with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - you shall utterly destroy them", "*haḥittî*": "definite article + proper noun - the Hittite", "*wə-*": "conjunction - and", "*hāʾĕmōrî*": "definite article + proper noun - the Amorite", "*hakəna'ănî*": "definite article + proper noun - the Canaanite", "*hapərizzî*": "definite article + proper noun - the Perizzite", "*haḥiwwî*": "definite article + proper noun - the Hivite", "*hayəḇûsî*": "definite article + proper noun - the Jebusite", "*kăʾăšer*": "conjunction - as/according to", "צִוְּךָ֖": "piel perfect 3rd person masculine singular with 2nd person masculine singular suffix - he commanded you", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - LORD/Yahweh", "*ʾĕlōheḵā*": "noun masculine plural construct with 2nd person masculine singular suffix - your God" }, "variants": { "*ḥaḥărēm*": "utterly destroy/devote to destruction/place under ban", "*taḥărîmēm*": "you shall utterly destroy them/devote them to destruction", "*YHWH*": "the proper name of Israel's God/often translated as LORD" } } 18 { "verseID": "Deuteronomy.20.18", "source": "לְמַ֗עַן אֲשֶׁ֨ר לֹֽא־יְלַמְּד֤וּ אֶתְכֶם֙ לַעֲשׂ֔וֹת כְּכֹל֙ תּֽוֹעֲבֹתָ֔ם אֲשֶׁ֥ר עָשׂ֖וּ לֵֽאלֹהֵיהֶ֑ם וַחֲטָאתֶ֖ם לַיהוָ֥ה אֱלֹהֵיכֶֽם׃", "text": "For *ləma'an* *ʾăšer* not *yəlamməḏû* you to do *kəḵōl* *tô'ăḇōtām* *ʾăšer* they did to their *lēʾlōhêhem* and you would sin against *YHWH* *ʾĕlōhêḵem*.", "grammar": { "*ləma'an*": "preposition + conjunction - in order that/so that", "*ʾăšer*": "relative particle - which/that", "לֹֽא": "negative particle - not", "*yəlamməḏû*": "piel imperfect 3rd person masculine plural - they will teach", "אֶתְכֶם֙": "direct object marker with 2nd person masculine plural suffix - you (plural)", "לַעֲשׂ֔וֹת": "preposition + qal infinitive construct - to do", "*kəḵōl*": "preposition + noun masculine singular construct - according to all of", "*tô'ăḇōtām*": "noun feminine plural construct with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - their abominations", "עָשׂ֖וּ": "qal perfect 3rd person common plural - they did/made", "*lēʾlōhêhem*": "preposition + noun masculine plural construct with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - to/for their gods", "וַחֲטָאתֶ֖ם": "conjunction + qal perfect 2nd person masculine plural - and you would sin", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - LORD/Yahweh", "*ʾĕlōhêḵem*": "noun masculine plural construct with 2nd person masculine plural suffix - your God" }, "variants": { "*ləma'an*": "in order that/so that/for the purpose that", "*tô'ăḇōtām*": "their abominations/detestable practices/abhorrent rituals", "*lēʾlōhêhem*": "to their gods/for their deities", "*YHWH*": "the proper name of Israel's God/often translated as LORD" } }
• Deut 23:3-5 : 3 { "verseID": "Deuteronomy.23.3", "source": "לֹא־יָבֹ֥א מַמְזֵ֖ר בִּקְהַ֣ל יְהוָ֑ה גַּ֚ם דּ֣וֹר עֲשִׂירִ֔י לֹא־יָ֥בֹא ל֖וֹ בִּקְהַ֥ל יְהוָֽה׃ ס", "text": "Not *yābōʾ* *mamzēr* in-*qəhal* *YHWH* *gam* *dôr* *ʿăśîrî* not-*yābōʾ* to-him in-*qəhal* *YHWH*", "grammar": { "*yābōʾ*": "qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - shall enter/come", "*mamzēr*": "masculine singular noun - illegitimate child/person of mixed ancestry", "*bi*": "preposition - in/into", "*qəhal*": "masculine singular construct - assembly/congregation of", "*YHWH*": "divine name - Yahweh/the LORD", "*gam*": "adverb - also/even", "*dôr*": "masculine singular noun - generation", "*ʿăśîrî*": "ordinal number, masculine singular - tenth", "*lô*": "preposition with 3rd masculine singular suffix - to him" }, "variants": { "*mamzēr*": "illegitimate child/bastard/person of mixed ancestry/offspring of prohibited union", "*dôr*": "generation/period/dwelling/circle", "*ʿăśîrî*": "tenth (generation)" } } 4 { "verseID": "Deuteronomy.23.4", "source": "לֹֽא־יָבֹ֧א עַמּוֹנִ֛י וּמוֹאָבִ֖י בִּקְהַ֣ל יְהוָ֑ה גַּ֚ם דּ֣וֹר עֲשִׂירִ֔י לֹא־יָבֹ֥א לָהֶ֛ם בִּקְהַ֥ל יְהוָ֖ה עַד־עוֹלָֽם׃", "text": "Not *yābōʾ* *ʿammônî* and-*môʾābî* in-*qəhal* *YHWH* *gam* *dôr* *ʿăśîrî* not-*yābōʾ* to-them in-*qəhal* *YHWH* until-*ʿôlām*", "grammar": { "*yābōʾ*": "qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - shall enter/come", "*ʿammônî*": "gentilic adjective, masculine singular - Ammonite", "*û*": "conjunction - and", "*môʾābî*": "gentilic adjective, masculine singular - Moabite", "*bi*": "preposition - in/into", "*qəhal*": "masculine singular construct - assembly/congregation of", "*YHWH*": "divine name - Yahweh/the LORD", "*gam*": "adverb - also/even", "*dôr*": "masculine singular noun - generation", "*ʿăśîrî*": "ordinal number, masculine singular - tenth", "*lāhem*": "preposition with 3rd masculine plural suffix - to them", "*ʿad*": "preposition - until/to/as far as", "*ʿôlām*": "masculine singular noun - forever/eternity/perpetuity" }, "variants": { "*ʿammônî*": "Ammonite (person from Ammon)", "*môʾābî*": "Moabite (person from Moab)", "*ʿôlām*": "forever/eternity/long duration/antiquity" } } 5 { "verseID": "Deuteronomy.23.5", "source": "עַל־דְּבַ֞ר אֲשֶׁ֨ר לֹא־קִדְּמ֤וּ אֶתְכֶם֙ בַּלֶּ֣חֶם וּבַמַּ֔יִם בַּדֶּ֖רֶךְ בְּצֵאתְכֶ֣ם מִמִּצְרָ֑יִם וַאֲשֶׁר֩ שָׂכַ֨ר עָלֶ֜יךָ אֶת־בִּלְעָ֣ם בֶּן־בְּע֗וֹר מִפְּת֛וֹר אֲרַ֥ם נַהֲרַ֖יִם לְקַֽלְלֶֽךָּ׃", "text": "On-*dəbar* which not-*qiddəmû* *ʾetkem* with-the-*leḥem* and-with-the-*mayim* in-the-*derek* in-*ṣēʾtəkem* from-*miṣrayim* and-which *śākar* against-you *ʾet*-*bilʿām* son-of-*bəʿôr* from-*pətôr* *ʾăram* *nahărayim* to-*qallelkā*", "grammar": { "*ʿal*": "preposition - on/concerning/because of", "*dəbar*": "masculine singular construct - matter/word/thing of", "*ʾăšer*": "relative pronoun - which/who/that", "*qiddəmû*": "piel perfect, 3rd common plural - they met/greeted/confronted", "*ʾetkem*": "direct object marker with 2nd masculine plural suffix - you", "*ba*": "preposition with definite article - with the", "*leḥem*": "masculine singular noun - bread/food", "*û*": "conjunction - and", "*ba*": "preposition with definite article - with the", "*mayim*": "masculine plural noun - water", "*ba*": "preposition with definite article - in the", "*derek*": "masculine singular noun - way/road/journey", "*bə*": "preposition - in", "*ṣēʾtəkem*": "qal infinitive construct with 2nd masculine plural suffix - your going out", "*mi*": "preposition - from", "*miṣrayim*": "proper noun - Egypt", "*śākar*": "qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - he hired", "*ʿāleykā*": "preposition with 2nd masculine singular suffix - against you", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*bilʿām*": "proper noun - Balaam", "*ben*": "masculine singular construct - son of", "*bəʿôr*": "proper noun - Beor", "*mi*": "preposition - from", "*pətôr*": "proper noun - Pethor", "*ʾăram*": "proper noun - Aram/Syria", "*nahărayim*": "proper noun - Naharaim (two rivers, Mesopotamia)", "*lə*": "preposition - to/for", "*qallelkā*": "piel infinitive construct with 2nd masculine singular suffix - to curse you" }, "variants": { "*dəbar*": "word/matter/thing/cause", "*qiddəmû*": "met/greeted/confronted/came before", "*leḥem*": "bread/food/grain", "*derek*": "way/road/journey/path", "*ṣēʾtəkem*": "your going out/exodus", "*śākar*": "hired/paid/bribed", "*ʾăram* *nahărayim*": "Aram of the two rivers/Mesopotamia", "*qallelkā*": "to curse you/revile you" } }
• 1 Kgs 11:1 : 1 { "verseID": "1 Kings.11.1", "source": "וְהַמֶּ֣לֶךְ שְׁלֹמֹ֗ה אָהַ֞ב נָשִׁ֧ים נָכְרִיּ֛וֹת רַבּ֖וֹת וְאֶת־בַּת־פַּרְעֹ֑ה מוֹאֲבִיּ֤וֹת עַמֳּנִיּוֹת֙ אֲדֹ֣מִיֹּ֔ת צֵדְנִיֹּ֖ת חִתִּיֹּֽת׃", "text": "And the *melekh* *Shelomoh* *ʾāhaḇ* *nāshīm* *nokhrīyōt* *rabbōt* and *ʾet*-daughter-of-*Parʿōh*; *Mōʾăḇīyōt*, *ʿAmmŏnīyōt*, *ʾĂdōmīyōt*, *Tsēdonīyōt*, *Ḥittīyōt*.", "grammar": { "*melekh*": "noun, masculine, singular, construct - king", "*Shelomoh*": "proper noun, masculine - Solomon", "*ʾāhaḇ*": "verb, qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - loved", "*nāshīm*": "noun, feminine, plural, absolute - women/wives", "*nokhrīyōt*": "adjective, feminine, plural - foreign/strange", "*rabbōt*": "adjective, feminine, plural - many/numerous", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*Parʿōh*": "proper noun, masculine - Pharaoh", "*Mōʾăḇīyōt*": "adjective, feminine, plural - Moabite (women)", "*ʿAmmŏnīyōt*": "adjective, feminine, plural - Ammonite (women)", "*ʾĂdōmīyōt*": "adjective, feminine, plural - Edomite (women)", "*Tsēdonīyōt*": "adjective, feminine, plural - Sidonian (women)", "*Ḥittīyōt*": "adjective, feminine, plural - Hittite (women)" }, "variants": { "*ʾāhaḇ*": "loved/had affection for", "*nāshīm*": "women/wives", "*nokhrīyōt*": "foreign/strange/alien" } }
• 1 Kgs 11:5-7 : 5 { "verseID": "1 Kings.11.5", "source": "וַיֵּ֣לֶךְ שְׁלֹמֹ֔ה אַחֲרֵ֣י עַשְׁתֹּ֔רֶת אֱלֹהֵ֖י צִדֹנִ֑ים וְאַחֲרֵ֣י מִלְכֹּ֔ם שִׁקֻּ֖ץ עַמֹּנִֽים׃", "text": "And-*wayyēlekh* *Shelomoh* after *ʿAshtōret* *ʾĕlōhēy* *Tsīdōnīm* and-after *Milkōm* *shiqqūts* *ʿAmmōnīm*.", "grammar": { "*wayyēlekh*": "verb, qal imperfect consecutive, 3rd masculine singular - and he went/followed", "*Shelomoh*": "proper noun, masculine - Solomon", "*ʿAshtōret*": "proper noun, feminine - Ashtoreth", "*ʾĕlōhēy*": "noun, masculine, plural, construct - god(s) of", "*Tsīdōnīm*": "proper noun, masculine, plural - Sidonians", "*Milkōm*": "proper noun, masculine - Milcom/Molech", "*shiqqūts*": "noun, masculine, singular, construct - detestable thing/abomination of", "*ʿAmmōnīm*": "proper noun, masculine, plural - Ammonites" }, "variants": { "*wayyēlekh* after": "went after/followed/worshipped", "*ʿAshtōret*": "Ashtoreth/Astarte (fertility goddess)", "*shiqqūts*": "detestable thing/abomination/idol" } } 6 { "verseID": "1 Kings.11.6", "source": "וַיַּ֧עַשׂ שְׁלֹמֹ֛ה הָרַ֖ע בְּעֵינֵ֣י יְהוָ֑ה וְלֹ֥א מִלֵּ֛א אַחֲרֵ֥י יְהוָ֖ה כְּדָוִ֥ד אָבִֽיו׃ ס", "text": "And-*wayyaʿas* *Shelomoh* the-*hāraʿ* in-*ʿēynēy* *YHWH*; and-not *millēʾ* after *YHWH* like-*Dāwid* his-*ʾāḇīw*.", "grammar": { "*wayyaʿas*": "verb, qal imperfect consecutive, 3rd masculine singular - and he did", "*Shelomoh*": "proper noun, masculine - Solomon", "*hāraʿ*": "article + noun, masculine, singular, absolute - the evil", "*ʿēynēy*": "noun, feminine, dual, construct - eyes of", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - LORD/Yahweh", "*millēʾ*": "verb, piel perfect, 3rd masculine singular - fulfilled/followed fully", "*Dāwid*": "proper noun, masculine - David", "*ʾāḇīw*": "noun, masculine, singular + 3rd masculine singular suffix - his father" }, "variants": { "*hāraʿ*": "the evil/wickedness/what is displeasing", "*ʿēynēy*": "eyes/sight/judgment", "*millēʾ* after": "fully followed/was wholly devoted to" } } 7 { "verseID": "1 Kings.11.7", "source": "אָז֩ יִבְנֶ֨ה שְׁלֹמֹ֜ה בָּמָ֗ה לִכְמוֹשׁ֙ שִׁקֻּ֣ץ מוֹאָ֔ב בָּהָ֕ר אֲשֶׁ֖ר עַל־פְּנֵ֣י יְרוּשָׁלָ֑͏ִם וּלְמֹ֕לֶךְ שִׁקֻּ֖ץ בְּנֵ֥י עַמּֽוֹן׃", "text": "Then *yiḇneh* *Shelomoh* *bāmāh* for-*Khemōsh* *shiqqūts* *Mōʾāḇ* in-the-*hār* which on-*penēy* *Yerūshālāyim*; and-for-*Mōlekh* *shiqqūts* *benēy* *ʿAmmōn*.", "grammar": { "*yiḇneh*": "verb, qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - he built", "*Shelomoh*": "proper noun, masculine - Solomon", "*bāmāh*": "noun, feminine, singular, absolute - high place/shrine", "*Khemōsh*": "proper noun, masculine - Chemosh", "*shiqqūts*": "noun, masculine, singular, construct - detestable thing/abomination of", "*Mōʾāḇ*": "proper noun - Moab", "*hār*": "noun, masculine, singular - mountain/hill", "*penēy*": "noun, masculine, plural, construct - face of", "*Yerūshālāyim*": "proper noun - Jerusalem", "*Mōlekh*": "proper noun, masculine - Molech", "*benēy*": "noun, masculine, plural, construct - sons/children of", "*ʿAmmōn*": "proper noun - Ammon" }, "variants": { "*bāmāh*": "high place/shrine/altar platform", "*shiqqūts*": "detestable thing/abomination/idol", "*hār*": "mountain/hill", "*penēy*": "face/before/east of" } }
• 2 Chr 33:2 : 2 { "verseID": "2 Chronicles.33.2", "source": "וַיַּ֥עַשׂ הָרַ֖ע בְּעֵינֵ֣י יְהוָ֑ה כְּתֽוֹעֲבוֹת֙ הַגּוֹיִ֔ם אֲשֶׁר֙ הוֹרִ֣ישׁ יְהוָ֔ה מִפְּנֵ֖י בְּנֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃", "text": "*Wayyaʿas* *hāraʿ* *beʿênê* *YHWH* *ketôʿăvôt* *haggôyim* *ăsher* *hôrîsh* *YHWH* *mippənê* *benê* *Yisrāʾêl*", "grammar": { "*Wayyaʿas*": "Qal imperfect consecutive, 3rd person masculine singular - and he did", "*hāraʿ*": "definite article + adjective, masculine singular absolute - the evil", "*beʿênê*": "preposition + construct plural of עַיִן - in eyes of", "*YHWH*": "proper noun, divine name - Yahweh", "*ketôʿăvôt*": "preposition + feminine plural construct - like abominations of", "*haggôyim*": "definite article + masculine plural noun - the nations", "*ăsher*": "relative particle - whom/which", "*hôrîsh*": "Hiphil perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - drove out/dispossessed", "*YHWH*": "proper noun, divine name - Yahweh", "*mippənê*": "preposition + construct plural of פָּנִים - from before/from presence of", "*benê*": "masculine plural construct - sons of", "*Yisrāʾêl*": "proper noun - Israel" }, "variants": { "*hāraʿ*": "evil/wickedness/badness", "*hôrîsh*": "dispossessed/drove out/expelled" } }
• Ezra 6:21-22 : 21 { "verseID": "Ezra.6.21", "source": "וַיֹּאכְל֣וּ בְנֵֽי־יִשְׂרָאֵ֗ל הַשָּׁבִים֙ מֵֽהַגּוֹלָ֔ה וְכֹ֗ל הַנִּבְדָּ֛ל מִטֻּמְאַ֥ת גּוֹיֵֽ־הָאָ֖רֶץ אֲלֵהֶ֑ם לִדְרֹ֕שׁ לַֽיהוָ֖ה אֱלֹהֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃", "text": "And they *yōʾḵᵉlû* the *bᵉnê-Yiśrāʾēl* who were *haššāḇîm* from *haggôlāh*, and all who *hanniḇdāl* from *ṭumʾaṯ* the *gôyê-hāʾāreṣ* to them, to *liḏrōš* *laYHWH* *ʾĕlōhê Yiśrāʾēl*.", "grammar": { "*yōʾḵᵉlû*": "verb, Qal imperfect (with waw consecutive), 3rd masculine plural - they ate", "*bᵉnê-Yiśrāʾēl*": "construct phrase - children of Israel", "*haššāḇîm*": "definite article + verb, Qal participle, masculine plural - the returning ones", "*mēhaggôlāh*": "preposition + noun, feminine singular, definite - from the exile", "*wᵉḵōl*": "conjunction + noun - and all", "*hanniḇdāl*": "definite article + verb, Niphal participle, masculine singular - the one who separated", "*miṭṭumʾaṯ*": "preposition + noun, feminine singular construct - from uncleanness of", "*gôyê-hāʾāreṣ*": "construct phrase - nations of the land", "*ʾălêhem*": "preposition + 3rd masculine plural suffix - to them", "*liḏrōš*": "preposition + verb, Qal infinitive construct - to seek", "*laYHWH*": "preposition + divine name - to YHWH", "*ʾĕlōhê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - God of", "*Yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel" }, "variants": { "*yōʾḵᵉlû*": "ate/consumed/partook", "*haššāḇîm mēhaggôlāh*": "who returned from exile/the returnees from captivity", "*hanniḇdāl*": "who separated/who set themselves apart", "*ṭumʾaṯ*": "uncleanness/impurity/defilement", "*gôyê-hāʾāreṣ*": "nations of the land/gentiles of the country", "*liḏrōš*": "to seek/to inquire of/to follow" } } 22 { "verseID": "Ezra.6.22", "source": "וַיַּֽעֲשׂ֧וּ חַג־מַצּ֛וֹת שִׁבְעַ֥ת יָמִ֖ים בְּשִׂמְחָ֑ה כִּ֣י ׀ שִׂמְּחָ֣ם יְהוָ֗ה וְֽהֵסֵ֞ב לֵ֤ב מֶֽלֶךְ־אַשּׁוּר֙ עֲלֵיהֶ֔ם לְחַזֵּ֣ק יְדֵיהֶ֔ם בִּמְלֶ֥אכֶת בֵּית־הָאֱלֹהִ֖ים אֱלֹהֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ פ", "text": "And they *yaʿăśû* *ḥaḡ-maṣṣôṯ* seven *yāmîm* with *śimḥāh*; for *śimmᵉḥām* *YHWH*, and had *hēsēḇ* the *lēḇ* of the *meleḵ-ʾAššûr* toward them, to *lᵉḥazzēq* their *yᵉḏêhem* in the *mᵉleʾḵeṯ* of *bêṯ-hāʾĕlōhîm* *ʾĕlōhê Yiśrāʾēl*.", "grammar": { "*yaʿăśû*": "verb, Qal imperfect (with waw consecutive), 3rd masculine plural - they kept/celebrated", "*ḥaḡ-maṣṣôṯ*": "construct phrase - feast of unleavened bread", "*šiḇʿaṯ*": "numeral, feminine construct - seven of", "*yāmîm*": "noun, masculine plural - days", "*bᵉśimḥāh*": "preposition + noun, feminine singular - with joy", "*kî*": "conjunction - for/because", "*śimmᵉḥām*": "verb, Piel perfect, 3rd masculine singular + 3rd masculine plural suffix - made them rejoice", "*YHWH*": "divine name - YHWH", "*hēsēḇ*": "verb, Hiphil perfect, 3rd masculine singular - turned", "*lēḇ*": "noun, masculine singular construct - heart of", "*meleḵ-ʾAššûr*": "construct phrase - king of Assyria", "*ʿălêhem*": "preposition + 3rd masculine plural suffix - toward them", "*lᵉḥazzēq*": "preposition + verb, Piel infinitive construct - to strengthen", "*yᵉḏêhem*": "noun, feminine dual + 3rd masculine plural suffix - their hands", "*bimᵉleʾḵeṯ*": "preposition + noun, feminine singular construct - in work of", "*bêṯ-hāʾĕlōhîm*": "construct phrase - house of the God", "*ʾĕlōhê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - God of", "*Yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel" }, "variants": { "*yaʿăśû*": "celebrated/observed/kept", "*ḥaḡ-maṣṣôṯ*": "Feast of Unleavened Bread/festival of matzot", "*śimmᵉḥām*": "made them rejoice/gave them joy", "*hēsēḇ lēḇ*": "turned the heart/changed the attitude", "*meleḵ-ʾAššûr*": "king of Assyria [referring to Persian king as ruler of former Assyrian territories]", "*lᵉḥazzēq yᵉḏêhem*": "to strengthen their hands/to support their efforts", "*mᵉleʾḵeṯ*": "work/labor/service", "*bêṯ-hāʾĕlōhîm*": "house of God/temple" } }
• Ezra 10:8 : 8 { "verseID": "Ezra.10.8", "source": "וְכֹל֩ אֲשֶׁ֨ר לֹֽא־יָב֜וֹא לִשְׁלֹ֣שֶׁת הַיָּמִ֗ים כַּעֲצַ֤ת הַשָּׂרִים֙ וְהַזְּקֵנִ֔ים יָחֳרַ֖ם כָּל־רְכוּשׁ֑וֹ וְה֥וּא יִבָּדֵ֖ל מִקְּהַ֥ל הַגּוֹלָֽה", "text": "And all who not *yābôʾ* for *šᵉlōšet hayyāmîm* according to *ʿăṣat haśśārîm* and *hazzᵉqēnîm*, would be *yoḥŏram* all *rᵉkûšô* and he would be *yibbādēl* from *qᵉhal haggôlâ*", "grammar": { "*yābôʾ*": "Qal imperfect 3ms - he would come", "*šᵉlōšet hayyāmîm*": "construct chain - three days", "*ʿăṣat haśśārîm*": "construct chain - counsel of the officials", "*hazzᵉqēnîm*": "noun, masculine plural with article - the elders", "*yoḥŏram*": "Hophal imperfect 3ms - would be devoted/banned", "*rᵉkûšô*": "noun, masculine singular with 3ms suffix - his property", "*yibbādēl*": "Niphal imperfect 3ms - he would be separated", "*qᵉhal haggôlâ*": "construct chain - assembly of the exile" }, "variants": { "*yoḥŏram*": "would be devoted to destruction, would be confiscated, would be forfeited", "*yibbādēl*": "would be separated, would be excluded, would be cut off" } }
• Ezra 10:10-11 : 10 { "verseID": "Ezra.10.10", "source": "וַיָּ֨קָם עֶזְרָ֤א הַכֹּהֵן֙ וַיֹּ֣אמֶר אֲלֵהֶ֔ם אַתֶּ֣ם מְעַלְתֶּ֔ם וַתֹּשִׁ֖יבוּ נָשִׁ֣ים נָכְרִיּ֑וֹת לְהוֹסִ֖יף עַל־אַשְׁמַ֥ת יִשְׂרָאֵֽל", "text": "And *yāqām* *ʿEzrāʾ* the *kōhēn* and *yōʾmer* to them, you *mᵉʿaltem* and *tōšîbû* *nāšîm* *nokrîyôt* to *hôsîp* upon *ʾašmat* *Yiśrāʾēl*", "grammar": { "*yāqām*": "Qal imperfect consecutive 3ms - he arose", "*kōhēn*": "noun, masculine singular with article - the priest", "*yōʾmer*": "Qal imperfect consecutive 3ms - he said", "*mᵉʿaltem*": "Qal perfect 2mp - you have acted unfaithfully", "*tōšîbû*": "Hiphil imperfect consecutive 2mp - you have married/taken", "*nāšîm*": "noun, feminine plural - women/wives", "*nokrîyôt*": "adjective, feminine plural - foreign", "*hôsîp*": "Hiphil infinitive construct - to add", "*ʾašmat*": "noun, feminine singular construct - guilt of" }, "variants": { "*mᵉʿaltem*": "you have acted unfaithfully, you have trespassed, you have committed a breach", "*tōšîbû*": "you have married, you have taken, you have caused to dwell", "*ʾašmat*": "guilt, offense, sin, culpability" } } 11 { "verseID": "Ezra.10.11", "source": "וְעַתָּ֗ה תְּנ֥וּ תוֹדָ֛ה לַיהוָ֥ה אֱלֹהֵֽי־אֲבֹתֵיכֶ֖ם וַעֲשׂ֣וּ רְצוֹנ֑וֹ וְהִבָּֽדְלוּ֙ מֵעַמֵּ֣י הָאָ֔רֶץ וּמִן־הַנָּשִׁ֖ים הַנָּכְרִיּֽוֹת", "text": "And now *tᵉnû* *tôdâ* to *YHWH* *ʾĕlōhê-ʾăbōtêkem* and *ʿăśû* his *rᵉṣônô*, and *hibbādᵉlû* from *ʿammê hāʾāreṣ* and from the *nāšîm hannokrîyôt*", "grammar": { "*tᵉnû*": "Qal imperative 2mp - give", "*tôdâ*": "noun, feminine singular - thanksgiving/confession", "*YHWH*": "divine name - Yahweh", "*ʾĕlōhê-ʾăbōtêkem*": "construct chain with 2mp suffix - God of your fathers", "*ʿăśû*": "Qal imperative 2mp - do", "*rᵉṣônô*": "noun, masculine singular with 3ms suffix - his pleasure", "*hibbādᵉlû*": "Niphal imperative 2mp - be separated", "*ʿammê hāʾāreṣ*": "construct chain - peoples of the land", "*nāšîm hannokrîyôt*": "noun + adjective with articles - the foreign women" }, "variants": { "*tôdâ*": "thanksgiving, confession, praise", "*rᵉṣônô*": "his pleasure, his will, his desire", "*hibbādᵉlû*": "separate yourselves, distinguish yourselves, set yourselves apart" } }
• Neh 4:3 : 3 { "verseID": "Nehemiah.4.3", "source": "וַנִּתְפַּלֵּ֖ל אֶל־אֱלֹהֵ֑ינוּ וַנַּעֲמִ֨יד מִשְׁמָ֧ר עֲלֵיהֶ֛ם יוֹמָ֥ם וָלַ֖יְלָה מִפְּנֵיהֶֽם׃", "text": "And *wannitpallēl* to *ʾĕlōhênû* and *wannaʿămîd* *mišmār* against them *yômām* and *wālaylâ* from *mippənêhem*.", "grammar": { "*wannitpallēl*": "waw-consecutive + hitpael imperfect 1cp - and we prayed", "*ʾĕlōhênû*": "noun masculine plural + pronominal suffix 1cp - our God", "*wannaʿămîd*": "waw-consecutive + hiphil imperfect 1cp - and we caused to stand/set up", "*mišmār*": "noun masculine singular - guard/watch", "*yômām*": "adverb - by day", "*wālaylâ*": "waw-conjunctive + noun masculine singular - and night", "*mippənêhem*": "preposition + noun masculine plural construct + pronominal suffix 3mp - from before them/because of them" }, "variants": { "*mišmār*": "guard/watch/watchman", "*mippənêhem*": "from before them/because of them/facing them" } }
• Neh 4:7 : 7 { "verseID": "Nehemiah.4.7", "source": "וָֽאַעֲמִ֞יד מִֽתַּחְתִּיּ֧וֹת לַמָּק֛וֹם מֵאַחֲרֵ֥י לַחוֹמָ֖ה *בצחחיים **בַּצְּחִיחִ֑ים וָֽאַעֲמִ֤יד אֶת־הָעָם֙ לְמִשְׁפָּח֔וֹת עִם־חַרְבֹתֵיהֶ֛ם רָמְחֵיהֶ֖ם וְקַשְּׁתֹתֵיהֶֽם׃", "text": "And *wāʾaʿămîd* from the *mittaḥtiyyôt* to the *lammāqôm* from behind to the *laḥômâ* in the *baṣṣəḥîḥîm*; and *wāʾaʿămîd* *ʾet*-the *hāʿām* by *ləmišpāḥôt* with their *ḥarbōtêhem* their *rāmḥêhem* and their *qaššətōtêhem*.", "grammar": { "*wāʾaʿămîd*": "waw-consecutive + hiphil imperfect 1cs - and I caused to stand/stationed", "*mittaḥtiyyôt*": "preposition + noun feminine plural - from lower parts/below", "*lammāqôm*": "preposition + definite article + noun masculine singular - to the place", "*laḥômâ*": "preposition + definite article + noun feminine singular - to the wall", "*baṣṣəḥîḥîm*": "preposition + definite article + noun masculine plural - in the exposed places", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*hāʿām*": "definite article + noun masculine singular - the people", "*ləmišpāḥôt*": "preposition + noun feminine plural - by families", "*ḥarbōtêhem*": "noun feminine plural construct + pronominal suffix 3mp - their swords", "*rāmḥêhem*": "noun masculine plural construct + pronominal suffix 3mp - their spears", "*qaššətōtêhem*": "noun feminine plural construct + pronominal suffix 3mp - their bows" }, "variants": { "*mittaḥtiyyôt*": "from lower parts/below/beneath", "*baṣṣəḥîḥîm*": "in the exposed places/bare heights/open areas", "*ləmišpāḥôt*": "by families/according to clans", "*ḥarbōtêhem*": "their swords/weapons" } }
• Lev 18:3 : 3 { "verseID": "Leviticus.18.3", "source": "כְּמַעֲשֵׂ֧ה אֶֽרֶץ־מִצְרַ֛יִם אֲשֶׁ֥ר יְשַׁבְתֶּם־בָּ֖הּ לֹ֣א תַעֲשׂ֑וּ וּכְמַעֲשֵׂ֣ה אֶֽרֶץ־כְּנַ֡עַן אֲשֶׁ֣ר אֲנִי֩ מֵבִ֨יא אֶתְכֶ֥ם שָׁ֙מָּה֙ לֹ֣א תַעֲשׂ֔וּ וּבְחֻקֹּתֵיהֶ֖ם לֹ֥א תֵלֵֽכוּ׃", "text": "Like *kəmaʿăśēh* *ʾerets*-*Mitsrayim* *ʾăšer* *yəšabtem*-*bāh* *lōʾ* *taʿăśû* and like *ûkəmaʿăśēh* *ʾerets*-*Kənaʿan* *ʾăšer* *ʾănî* *mēbîʾ* *ʾetkem* *šāmmāh* *lōʾ* *taʿăśû* and in *ûbəḥuqqōtêhem* *lōʾ* *tēlēkû*", "grammar": { "*kəmaʿăśēh*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular construct - like the practice/doings of", "*ʾerets*": "noun, feminine singular construct - land of", "*Mitsrayim*": "proper noun - Egypt", "*ʾăšer*": "relative particle - which/that", "*yəšabtem*": "Qal perfect, 2nd masculine plural - you dwelled/lived", "*bāh*": "preposition + 3rd feminine singular suffix - in it", "*lōʾ*": "negative particle - not", "*taʿăśû*": "Qal imperfect, 2nd masculine plural - you shall do", "*ûkəmaʿăśēh*": "waw conjunction + preposition + noun, masculine singular construct - and like the practice of", "*Kənaʿan*": "proper noun - Canaan", "*mēbîʾ*": "Hiphil participle, masculine singular - bringing", "*ʾetkem*": "direct object marker + 2nd masculine plural suffix - you", "*šāmmāh*": "adverb - there/thither", "*ûbəḥuqqōtêhem*": "waw conjunction + preposition + noun, feminine plural construct + 3rd masculine plural suffix - and in their statutes", "*tēlēkû*": "Qal imperfect, 2nd masculine plural - you shall walk/follow" }, "variants": { "*maʿăśēh*": "practice/deed/work/custom", "*yəšabtem*": "you dwelled/you lived/you resided", "*taʿăśû*": "you shall do/you shall practice/you shall perform", "*mēbîʾ*": "bringing/leading/causing to enter", "*ḥuqqōt*": "statutes/ordinances/customs/practices", "*tēlēkû*": "you shall walk/you shall follow/you shall conduct yourselves" } }
• Num 23:9 : 9 { "verseID": "Numbers.23.9", "source": "כִּֽי־מֵרֹ֤אשׁ צֻרִים֙ אֶרְאֶ֔נּוּ וּמִגְּבָע֖וֹת אֲשׁוּרֶ֑נּוּ הֶן־עָם֙ לְבָדָ֣ד יִשְׁכֹּ֔ן וּבַגּוֹיִ֖ם לֹ֥א יִתְחַשָּֽׁב׃", "text": "*kî*-*mē-rōʾš* *ṣurîm* *ʾerʾennû* *û-mi-gəbāʿôt* *ʾăšûrennû* *hen*-*ʿām* *lə-bādād* *yiškōn* *û-ba-gôyim* *lōʾ* *yitḥaššāb*", "grammar": { "*kî*": "conjunction - for", "*mē-rōʾš*": "preposition + common noun, masculine singular construct - from top of", "*ṣurîm*": "common noun, masculine plural - rocks", "*ʾerʾennû*": "qal imperfect, 1st singular + 3rd masculine singular suffix - I see him", "*û-mi-gəbāʿôt*": "waw conjunction + preposition + common noun, feminine plural - and from hills", "*ʾăšûrennû*": "qal imperfect, 1st singular + 3rd masculine singular suffix - I behold him", "*hen*": "interjection - behold", "*ʿām*": "common noun, masculine singular - people", "*lə-bādād*": "preposition + adverb - alone", "*yiškōn*": "qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - he dwells", "*û-ba-gôyim*": "waw conjunction + preposition + definite article + common noun, masculine plural - and among the nations", "*lōʾ*": "negative particle - not", "*yitḥaššāb*": "hithpael imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - he reckons himself" }, "variants": { "*rōʾš*": "top/summit/head", "*ṣurîm*": "rocks/cliffs", "*ʾerʾennû*": "I see him/I observe him", "*gəbāʿôt*": "hills/heights", "*ʾăšûrennû*": "I behold him/I observe him/I watch him", "*bādād*": "alone/in isolation/separated", "*yiškōn*": "dwells/resides/settles", "*gôyim*": "nations/peoples/gentiles", "*yitḥaššāb*": "reckons himself/counts himself/considers himself" } }
• Num 25:1-3 : 1 { "verseID": "Numbers.25.1", "source": "וַיֵּ֥שֶׁב יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל בַּשִּׁטִּ֑ים וַיָּ֣חֶל הָעָ֔ם לִזְנ֖וֹת אֶל־בְּנ֥וֹת מוֹאָֽב׃", "text": "*wə-yēšeḇ* *yiśrāʾēl* *ba-šiṭṭîm* *wə-yāḥel* the *ʿām* *liznôṯ* to *bənôṯ* *môʾāḇ*", "grammar": { "*wə-yēšeḇ*": "conjunction + Qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and dwelt/settled", "*yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun, masculine singular - Israel", "*ba-šiṭṭîm*": "preposition + proper noun - in Shittim", "*wə-yāḥel*": "conjunction + Hiphil imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and began", "*ʿām*": "common noun, masculine singular with definite article - the people", "*liznôṯ*": "preposition + Qal infinitive construct - to commit fornication/harlotry", "*bənôṯ*": "common noun, feminine plural construct - daughters of", "*môʾāḇ*": "proper noun - Moab" }, "variants": { "*yēšeḇ*": "dwelt/settled/abode", "*šiṭṭîm*": "place name, possibly 'acacia trees'", "*yāḥel*": "began/started/profaned", "*liznôṯ*": "to commit sexual immorality/to commit idolatry (metaphorically)/to be unfaithful" } } 2 { "verseID": "Numbers.25.2", "source": "וַתִּקְרֶ֣אןָ לָעָ֔ם לְזִבְחֵ֖י אֱלֹהֵיהֶ֑ן וַיֹּ֣אכַל הָעָ֔ם וַיִּֽשְׁתַּחֲוּ֖וּ לֵֽאלֹהֵיהֶֽן׃", "text": "*wə-tiqreʾnā* to-the-*ʿām* to-*ziḇḥê* *ʾĕlōhêhen* *wə-yōʾḵal* the-*ʿām* *wə-yištaḥăwû* to-*ʾĕlōhêhen*", "grammar": { "*wə-tiqreʾnā*": "conjunction + Qal imperfect 3rd feminine plural - and they (feminine) called/invited", "*ʿām*": "common noun, masculine singular with preposition and definite article - to the people", "*ziḇḥê*": "common noun, masculine plural construct with preposition - to sacrifices of", "*ʾĕlōhêhen*": "common noun, masculine plural with 3rd feminine plural possessive suffix - their gods", "*wə-yōʾḵal*": "conjunction + Qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and ate", "*wə-yištaḥăwû*": "conjunction + Hishtapel imperfect 3rd masculine plural - and they bowed down/worshipped", "*ʾĕlōhêhen*": "common noun, masculine plural with preposition and 3rd feminine plural possessive suffix - to their gods" }, "variants": { "*tiqreʾnā*": "called/invited/summoned", "*ziḇḥê*": "sacrifices/offerings", "*ʾĕlōhêhen*": "their gods/their deities", "*yōʾḵal*": "ate/consumed/partook", "*yištaḥăwû*": "bowed down/prostrated themselves/worshipped" } } 3 { "verseID": "Numbers.25.3", "source": "וַיִּצָּ֥מֶד יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל לְבַ֣עַל פְּע֑וֹר וַיִּֽחַר־אַ֥ף יְהוָ֖ה בְּיִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃", "text": "*wə-yiṣṣāmeḏ* *yiśrāʾēl* to-*baʿal pəʿôr* *wə-yiḥar-ʾap̄* *YHWH* against-*yiśrāʾēl*", "grammar": { "*wə-yiṣṣāmeḏ*": "conjunction + Niphal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and joined/yoked himself", "*yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun, masculine singular - Israel", "*baʿal pəʿôr*": "proper noun, masculine singular with preposition - to Baal of Peor", "*wə-yiḥar-ʾap̄*": "conjunction + Qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular + common noun - and burned the anger", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - the LORD", "*yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun with preposition - against Israel" }, "variants": { "*yiṣṣāmeḏ*": "joined/yoked/attached himself", "*baʿal pəʿôr*": "Baal of Peor (deity name)", "*yiḥar-ʾap̄*": "kindled anger/burned with wrath/became furious" } }
• Gen 15:16 : 16 { "verseID": "Genesis.15.16", "source": "וְד֥וֹר רְבִיעִ֖י יָשׁ֣וּבוּ הֵ֑נָּה כִּ֧י לֹא־שָׁלֵ֛ם עֲוֺ֥ן הָאֱמֹרִ֖י עַד־הֵֽנָּה׃", "text": "And-*dôr* *rəḇîʿî* *yāšûḇû* *hēnnāh* for not-*šālēm* *ʿăwōn* the-*ʾĔmōrî* until-here.", "grammar": { "*dôr*": "masculine singular noun - generation", "*rəḇîʿî*": "masculine singular ordinal number - fourth", "*yāšûḇû*": "Qal imperfect 3rd masculine plural - they will return", "*hēnnāh*": "adverb - here/to this place", "*šālēm*": "adjective masculine singular - complete", "*ʿăwōn*": "masculine singular construct noun - iniquity of", "*ʾĔmōrî*": "proper name - Amorite" }, "variants": { "*dôr*": "generation/age/period/cycle", "*yāšûḇû*": "they will return/they will come back/they will restore", "*hēnnāh*": "here/hither/to this place", "*šālēm*": "complete/full/finished/whole", "*ʿăwōn*": "iniquity/guilt/punishment/sin", "*ʾĔmōrî*": "Amorite/Canaanite people group" } }
• Gen 15:19-21 : 19 { "verseID": "Genesis.15.19", "source": "אֶת־הַקֵּינִי֙ וְאֶת־הַקְּנִזִּ֔י וְאֵ֖ת הַקַּדְמֹנִֽי׃", "text": "*Et*-the-*Qênî* and-*et*-the-*Qənizzî* and-*ʾēṯ* the-*Qaḏmōnî*.", "grammar": { "*Qênî*": "proper name - Kenite", "*Qənizzî*": "proper name - Kenizzite", "*Qaḏmōnî*": "proper name - Kadmonite" }, "variants": { "*Qênî*": "Kenite/people group", "*Qənizzî*": "Kenizzite/people group", "*Qaḏmōnî*": "Kadmonite/Easterner/people group" } } 20 { "verseID": "Genesis.15.20", "source": "וְאֶת־הַחִתִּ֥י וְאֶת־הַפְּרִזִּ֖י וְאֶת־הָרְפָאִֽים׃", "text": "And-*et*-the-*Ḥittî* and-*et*-the-*Pərizzî* and-*et*-the-*Rəp̄āʾîm*.", "grammar": { "*Ḥittî*": "proper name - Hittite", "*Pərizzî*": "proper name - Perizzite", "*Rəp̄āʾîm*": "proper name - Rephaim" }, "variants": { "*Ḥittî*": "Hittite/people group", "*Pərizzî*": "Perizzite/people group", "*Rəp̄āʾîm*": "Rephaim/giants/ancient people group" } } 21 { "verseID": "Genesis.15.21", "source": "וְאֶת־הֽ͏ָאֱמֹרִי֙ וְאֶת־הֽ͏ַכְּנַעֲנִ֔י וְאֶת־הַגִּרְגָּשִׁ֖י וְאֶת־הַיְבוּסִֽי׃", "text": "And-*et*-the-*ʾĔmōrî* and-*et*-the-*Kənaʿănî* and-*et*-the-*Girgāšî* and-*et*-the-*Yəḇûsî*.", "grammar": { "*ʾĔmōrî*": "proper name - Amorite", "*Kənaʿănî*": "proper name - Canaanite", "*Girgāšî*": "proper name - Girgashite", "*Yəḇûsî*": "proper name - Jebusite" }, "variants": { "*ʾĔmōrî*": "Amorite/people group", "*Kənaʿănî*": "Canaanite/people group", "*Girgāšî*": "Girgashite/people group", "*Yəḇûsî*": "Jebusite/people group" } }
• Exod 13:5 : 5 { "verseID": "Exodus.13.5", "source": "וְהָיָ֣ה כִֽי־יְבִֽיאֲךָ֣ יְהוָ֡ה אֶל־אֶ֣רֶץ הַֽ֠כְּנַעֲנִי וְהַחִתִּ֨י וְהָאֱמֹרִ֜י וְהַחִוִּ֣י וְהַיְבוּסִ֗י אֲשֶׁ֨ר נִשְׁבַּ֤ע לַאֲבֹתֶ֙יךָ֙ לָ֣תֶת לָ֔ךְ אֶ֛רֶץ זָבַ֥ת חָלָ֖ב וּדְבָ֑שׁ וְעָבַדְתָּ֛ אֶת־הָעֲבֹדָ֥ה הַזֹּ֖את בַּחֹ֥דֶשׁ הַזֶּֽה׃", "text": "*wə-hāyāh* *kî*-*yəbîʾăkā* *YHWH* *ʾel*-*ʾereṣ* *ha-Kənaʿănî* *wə-ha-Ḥittî* *wə-hā-ʾĔmōrî* *wə-ha-Ḥiwwî* *wə-ha-Yəbûsî* *ʾăšer* *nišbaʿ* *la-ʾăbōtêkā* *lātet* *lāk* *ʾereṣ* *zābat* *ḥālāb* *û-dəbāš* *wə-ʿābadtā* *ʾet*-*hā-ʿăbōdāh* *ha-zōʾt* *ba-ḥōdeš* *ha-zeh*", "grammar": { "*wə-hāyāh*": "conjunction + Qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - and it shall be", "*kî*": "conjunction - when/that", "*yəbîʾăkā*": "Hiphil imperfect, 3rd masculine singular + 2nd masculine singular suffix - he will bring you", "*YHWH*": "proper noun, divine name - LORD/Yahweh", "*ʾel*": "preposition - to/into", "*ʾereṣ*": "noun, feminine singular construct - land of", "*ha-Kənaʿănî*": "definite article + proper noun, gentilic - the Canaanite", "*wə-ha-Ḥittî*": "conjunction + definite article + proper noun, gentilic - and the Hittite", "*wə-hā-ʾĔmōrî*": "conjunction + definite article + proper noun, gentilic - and the Amorite", "*wə-ha-Ḥiwwî*": "conjunction + definite article + proper noun, gentilic - and the Hivite", "*wə-ha-Yəbûsî*": "conjunction + definite article + proper noun, gentilic - and the Jebusite", "*ʾăšer*": "relative pronoun - which/that", "*nišbaʿ*": "Niphal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - he swore", "*la-ʾăbōtêkā*": "preposition + noun, masculine plural construct + 2nd masculine singular suffix - to your fathers", "*lātet*": "preposition + Qal infinitive construct - to give", "*lāk*": "preposition + 2nd masculine singular suffix - to you", "*ʾereṣ*": "noun, feminine singular construct - land of", "*zābat*": "Qal participle, feminine singular construct - flowing with", "*ḥālāb*": "noun, masculine singular - milk", "*û-dəbāš*": "conjunction + noun, masculine singular - and honey", "*wə-ʿābadtā*": "conjunction + Qal perfect, 2nd masculine singular - and you shall perform/serve", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*hā-ʿăbōdāh*": "definite article + noun, feminine singular - the service/worship", "*ha-zōʾt*": "definite article + feminine singular demonstrative adjective - this", "*ba-ḥōdeš*": "preposition + definite article + noun, masculine singular - in the month", "*ha-zeh*": "definite article + masculine singular demonstrative adjective - this" }, "variants": { "*wə-hāyāh*": "and it shall be/and it will happen/and it will come to pass", "*yəbîʾăkā*": "brings you/leads you in/causes you to enter", "*zābat ḥālāb û-dəbāš*": "flowing with milk and honey/abundant with milk and honey/oozing milk and honey", "*ʿăbōdāh*": "service/worship/ritual" } }
• Exod 23:23 : 23 { "verseID": "Exodus.23.23", "source": "כִּֽי־יֵלֵ֣ךְ מַלְאָכִי֮ לְפָנֶיךָ֒ וֶהֱבִֽיאֲךָ֗ אֶל־הָֽאֱמֹרִי֙ וְהַ֣חִתִּ֔י וְהַפְּרִזִּי֙ וְהַֽכְּנַעֲנִ֔י הַחִוִּ֖י וְהַיְבוּסִ֑י וְהִכְחַדְתִּֽיו׃", "text": "For-*yēlēk* *malʾākî* before-you and-*hĕbîʾăkā* to-the-*ʾĕmōrî* and-the-*ḥittî* and-the-*pĕrizzî* and-the-*kĕnaʿănî* the-*ḥiwwî* and-the-*yĕbûsî* and-*hikḥadtîw*", "grammar": { "*yēlēk*": "qal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular - will go/walk", "*malʾākî*": "noun masculine singular with 1st person common singular suffix - my messenger/angel", "*hĕbîʾăkā*": "hiphil perfect 3rd person masculine singular with 2nd person masculine singular suffix with waw consecutive (functions as imperfect) - he will bring you", "*ʾĕmōrî*": "proper noun, gentilic masculine singular - Amorite", "*ḥittî*": "proper noun, gentilic masculine singular - Hittite", "*pĕrizzî*": "proper noun, gentilic masculine singular - Perizzite", "*kĕnaʿănî*": "proper noun, gentilic masculine singular - Canaanite", "*ḥiwwî*": "proper noun, gentilic masculine singular - Hivite", "*yĕbûsî*": "proper noun, gentilic masculine singular - Jebusite", "*hikḥadtîw*": "hiphil perfect 1st person common singular with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - I will destroy him" }, "variants": { "*yēlēk*": "will go/walk/proceed", "*malʾākî*": "my messenger/my angel/my envoy", "*hĕbîʾăkā*": "he will bring you/lead you/bring you in", "*hikḥadtîw*": "I will destroy him/cut him off/annihilate him" } }
• Neh 13:1-3 : 1 { "verseID": "Nehemiah.13.1", "source": "בַּיּ֣וֹם הַה֗וּא נִקְרָ֛א בְּסֵ֥פֶר מֹשֶׁ֖ה בְּאָזְנֵ֣י הָעָ֑ם וְנִמְצָא֙ כָּת֣וּב בּ֔וֹ אֲ֠שֶׁר לֹא־יָב֨וֹא עַמֹּנִ֧י וּמֹאָבִ֛י בִּקְהַ֥ל הָאֱלֹהִ֖ים עַד־עוֹלָֽם׃", "text": "In *yôm* the *hû'* was *niqrā'* in *sēfer* *Mošeh* in *'oznê* the *'ām*; and was *nimṣā'* *kāṯûḇ* in *bô* that not *yāḇô'* *'ammōnî* and *mō'āḇî* in *qəhal* the *'ĕlōhîm* until *'ôlām*.", "grammar": { "*yôm*": "masculine singular noun with definite article prefix - day", "*hû'*": "demonstrative pronoun - that", "*niqrā'*": "Niphal perfect 3rd masculine singular - was read/called", "*sēfer*": "masculine singular construct - book/scroll of", "*Mošeh*": "proper name - Moses", "*'oznê*": "dual construct noun - ears of", "*'ām*": "masculine singular noun with definite article - people", "*nimṣā'*": "Niphal perfect 3rd masculine singular - was found", "*kāṯûḇ*": "Qal passive participle - written", "*bô*": "preposition with 3rd masculine singular suffix - in it", "*yāḇô'*": "Qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - shall enter/come", "*'ammōnî*": "gentilic adjective - Ammonite", "*mō'āḇî*": "gentilic adjective - Moabite", "*qəhal*": "masculine singular construct - assembly/congregation of", "*'ĕlōhîm*": "masculine plural noun - God", "*'ôlām*": "masculine singular noun - forever/eternity" }, "variants": { "*niqrā'*": "was read/was called", "*sēfer*": "book/scroll/document", "*'ĕlōhîm*": "God/gods/divine beings (plural form used for singular deity)", "*'ôlām*": "forever/perpetuity/ancient time" } } 2 { "verseID": "Nehemiah.13.2", "source": "כִּ֣י לֹ֧א קִדְּמ֛וּ אֶת־בְּנֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל בַּלֶּ֣חֶם וּבַמָּ֑יִם וַיִּשְׂכֹּ֨ר עָלָ֤יו אֶת־בִּלְעָם֙ לְקַֽלְל֔וֹ וַיַּהֲפֹ֧ךְ אֱלֹהֵ֛ינוּ הַקְּלָלָ֖ה לִבְרָכָֽה׃", "text": "Because not *qiddəmû* *'eṯ*-*bənê* *Yiśrā'ēl* with *leḥem* and with *mayim*; and *wayyiśkōr* against *'ālāw* *'eṯ*-*Bil'ām* to *qalləlô*, and *wayyahăp̄ōḵ* *'ĕlōhênû* the *qəlālāh* to *bərāḵāh*.", "grammar": { "*qiddəmû*": "Piel perfect 3rd plural - they met/welcomed/came before", "*'eṯ*": "direct object marker", "*bənê*": "masculine plural construct - sons of", "*Yiśrā'ēl*": "proper name - Israel", "*leḥem*": "masculine singular noun with definite article prefix - bread/food", "*mayim*": "masculine plural noun with definite article prefix - water", "*wayyiśkōr*": "Qal imperfect consecutive 3rd masculine singular - and he hired", "*'ālāw*": "preposition with 3rd masculine singular suffix - against him", "*Bil'ām*": "proper name - Balaam", "*qalləlô*": "Piel infinitive construct with 3rd masculine singular suffix - to curse him", "*wayyahăp̄ōḵ*": "Qal imperfect consecutive 3rd masculine singular - and he turned", "*'ĕlōhênû*": "masculine plural noun with 1st person plural suffix - our God", "*qəlālāh*": "feminine singular noun with definite article - curse", "*bərāḵāh*": "feminine singular noun - blessing" }, "variants": { "*qiddəmû*": "met/welcomed/came before/anticipated needs", "*'ĕlōhênû*": "our God (plural form used for singular deity)", "*'ālāw*": "against him/concerning him" } } 3 { "verseID": "Nehemiah.13.3", "source": "וַיְהִ֖י כְּשָׁמְעָ֣ם אֶת־הַתּוֹרָ֑ה וַיַּבְדִּ֥ילוּ כָל־עֵ֖רֶב מִיּשְׂרָאֵֽל׃", "text": "And *wayhî* when *šām'ām* *'eṯ*-the *tôrāh*; and *wayyaḇdîlû* all-*'ēreḇ* from *Yiśrā'ēl*.", "grammar": { "*wayhî*": "Qal imperfect consecutive 3rd masculine singular of *hāyāh* - and it was/came to pass", "*šām'ām*": "Qal infinitive construct with 3rd masculine plural suffix - their hearing", "*'eṯ*": "direct object marker", "*tôrāh*": "feminine singular noun with definite article - law/instruction", "*wayyaḇdîlû*": "Hiphil imperfect consecutive 3rd masculine plural - and they separated", "*'ēreḇ*": "masculine singular noun - mixed multitude/foreigners", "*Yiśrā'ēl*": "proper name - Israel" }, "variants": { "*'ēreḇ*": "mixed multitude/foreigners/mixture/mixed people", "*tôrāh*": "law/instruction/teaching" } }
• Ps 106:35 : 35 { "verseID": "Psalms.106.35", "source": "וַיִּתְעָרְב֥וּ בַגּוֹיִ֑ם וַֽ֝יִּלְמְד֗וּ מַֽעֲשֵׂיהֶֽם׃", "text": "*wayyit'ārəbū* among-*gōyim* *wayyilmədū* *ma'ăśêhem*", "grammar": { "*wayyit'ārəbū*": "hithpael imperfect with waw consecutive, 3rd person plural - and they mingled", "*gōyim*": "noun, masculine, plural - nations", "*wayyilmədū*": "qal imperfect with waw consecutive, 3rd person plural - and they learned", "*ma'ăśêhem*": "noun + 3rd person plural suffix, masculine, plural - their works" }, "variants": { "*wayyit'ārəbū*": "and they mingled/mixed/intermarried", "*gōyim*": "nations/peoples/gentiles", "*wayyilmədū*": "and they learned/were taught/studied", "*ma'ăśêhem*": "their works/deeds/practices" } }
• Isa 52:11 : 11 { "verseID": "Isaiah.52.11", "source": "ס֤וּרוּ ס֙וּרוּ֙ צְא֣וּ מִשָּׁ֔ם טָמֵ֖א אַל־תִּגָּ֑עוּ צְא֣וּ מִתּוֹכָ֔הּ הִבָּ֕רוּ נֹשְׂאֵ֖י כְּלֵ֥י יְהוָֽה׃", "text": "*sûrû* *sûrû* *ṣəʾû* *mišām* *ṭāmēʾ* *ʾal-tiggāʿû* *ṣəʾû* *mittôkāh* *hibbārû* *nōśəʾê* *kəlê* *YHWH*", "grammar": { "*sûrû*": "verb, qal imperative, masculine plural - depart", "*ṣəʾû*": "verb, qal imperative, masculine plural - go out", "*mišām*": "preposition + adverb - from there", "*ṭāmēʾ*": "adjective, masculine singular - unclean", "*ʾal-tiggāʿû*": "negative particle + verb, qal imperfect, 2nd person masculine plural - do not touch", "*mittôkāh*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular with 3rd person feminine singular suffix - from her midst", "*hibbārû*": "verb, niphal imperative, masculine plural - be clean/purify yourselves", "*nōśəʾê*": "verb, qal participle, masculine plural construct - bearers of", "*kəlê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - vessels of", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - Yahweh/the LORD" }, "variants": { "*sûrû*": "depart/turn aside/go away", "*ṭāmēʾ*": "unclean thing/impure object", "*tiggāʿû*": "touch/come in contact with", "*mittôkāh*": "from her midst/from inside her", "*hibbārû*": "be clean/purify yourselves/cleanse yourselves", "*nōśəʾê* *kəlê*": "bearers of vessels/carriers of articles" } }
• Jer 26:10 : 10 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.26.10", "source": "וַֽיִּשְׁמְע֣וּ ׀ שָׂרֵ֣י יְהוּדָ֗ה אֵ֚ת הַדְּבָרִ֣ים הָאֵ֔לֶּה וַיַּעֲל֥וּ מִבֵּית־הַמֶּ֖לֶךְ בֵּ֣ית יְהוָ֑ה וַיֵּֽשְׁב֛וּ בְּפֶ֥תַח שַֽׁעַר־יְהוָ֖ה הֶחָדָֽשׁ׃", "text": "And-*wayyišməʿû* *śārê* *Yəhûḏāh* *ʾēṯ* the-*dəḇārîm* the-these and-*wayyaʿălû* from-house-of-the-*meleḵ* house-of-*Yəhwāh* and-*wayyēšəḇû* in-*peṯaḥ* gate-of-*Yəhwāh* the-*ḥāḏāš*.", "grammar": { "*wayyišməʿû*": "Qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine plural with waw-consecutive - they heard", "*śārê*": "construct state, masculine plural - officials/princes of", "*wayyaʿălû*": "Qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine plural with waw-consecutive - they went up", "*meleḵ*": "masculine singular with definite article - the king", "*wayyēšəḇû*": "Qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine plural with waw-consecutive - they sat", "*peṯaḥ*": "construct state, masculine singular - entrance/opening of", "*ḥāḏāš*": "masculine singular with definite article - the new" }, "variants": { "*śar*": "prince/official/leader/captain", "*ʿālāh*": "go up/ascend/climb", "*yāšaḇ*": "sit/dwell/remain", "*peṯaḥ*": "opening/entrance/doorway", "*šaʿar*": "gate/door/entrance" } }
• Jer 26:16 : 16 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.26.16", "source": "וַיֹּאמְר֤וּ הַשָּׂרִים֙ וְכָל־הָעָ֔ם אֶל־הַכֹּהֲנִ֖ים וְאֶל־הַנְּבִיאִ֑ים אֵין־לָאִ֤ישׁ הַזֶּה֙ מִשְׁפַּט־מָ֔וֶת כִּ֗י בְּשֵׁ֛ם יְהוָ֥ה אֱלֹהֵ֖ינוּ דִּבֶּ֥ר אֵלֵֽינוּ׃", "text": "And-*wayyōʾmərû* the-*śārîm* and-all-the-*ʿām* to-the-*kōhănîm* and-to-the-*nəḇiʾîm*, Not-to-the-*ʾîš* the-this *mišpaṭ*-*māweṯ*, because in-name-of-*Yəhwāh* *ʾĕlōhênû* *dibbēr* to-us.", "grammar": { "*wayyōʾmərû*": "Qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine plural with waw-consecutive - they said", "*śārîm*": "masculine plural with definite article - the officials", "*ʿām*": "masculine singular with definite article - the people", "*kōhănîm*": "masculine plural with definite article - the priests", "*nəḇiʾîm*": "masculine plural with definite article - the prophets", "*ʾîš*": "masculine singular with definite article - the man", "*mišpaṭ*": "construct state, masculine singular - judgment of", "*māweṯ*": "masculine singular - death", "*ʾĕlōhênû*": "masculine plural with 1st person plural possessive suffix - our God", "*dibbēr*": "Piel perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - he spoke" }, "variants": { "*mišpaṭ-māweṯ*": "death sentence/judgment of death" } }
• Rom 2:17-25 : 17 { "verseID": "Romans.2.17", "source": "Ἴδε, σὺ Ἰουδαῖος ἐπονομάζῃ, καὶ ἐπαναπαύῃ τῷ νόμῳ, καὶ καυχᾶσαι ἐν Θεῷ,", "text": "*Ide*, *sy* *Ioudaios* *eponomazē*, and *epanapauē* in the *nomō*, and *kauchasai* in *Theō*,", "grammar": { "*Ide*": "interjection - behold/look", "*sy*": "personal pronoun, nominative, 2nd person singular - you", "*Ioudaios*": "noun, nominative, masculine, singular - Jew", "*eponomazē*": "verb, present passive indicative, 2nd person singular - you are named/called", "*epanapauē*": "verb, present middle indicative, 2nd person singular - you rest upon", "*nomō*": "noun, dative, masculine, singular - law", "*kauchasai*": "verb, present middle indicative, 2nd person singular - you boast", "*Theō*": "noun, dative, masculine, singular - God" }, "variants": { "*Ide*": "behold/look/see here", "*Ioudaios*": "Jew/Jewish person", "*eponomazē*": "are named/called/surnamed", "*epanapauē*": "rest upon/rely on/find confidence in", "*nomō*": "law/legal code/Torah", "*kauchasai*": "boast/glory/take pride", "*Theō*": "God/deity" } } 18 { "verseID": "Romans.2.18", "source": "Καὶ γινώσκεις τὸ θέλημα, καὶ δοκιμάζεις τὰ διαφέροντα, κατηχούμενος ἐκ τοῦ νόμου·", "text": "And you *ginōskeis* the *thelēma*, and you *dokimazeis* the things *diapheronta*, being *katēchoumenos* out of the *nomou*;", "grammar": { "*ginōskeis*": "verb, present indicative, 2nd person singular - you know", "*thelēma*": "noun, accusative, neuter, singular - will/desire", "*dokimazeis*": "verb, present indicative, 2nd person singular - you test/approve", "*diapheronta*": "participle, present active, accusative, neuter, plural - differing/excelling/being superior", "*katēchoumenos*": "participle, present passive, nominative, masculine, singular - being instructed/taught", "*nomou*": "noun, genitive, masculine, singular - of law" }, "variants": { "*ginōskeis*": "know/understand/perceive", "*thelēma*": "will/desire/purpose", "*dokimazeis*": "test/examine/approve", "*diapheronta*": "things differing/matters of excellence/superior things", "*katēchoumenos*": "being instructed/taught/trained", "*nomou*": "law/legal code/Torah" } } 19 { "verseID": "Romans.2.19", "source": "Πέποιθάς τε σεαυτὸν ὁδηγὸν εἶναι τυφλῶν, φῶς τῶν ἐν σκότει,", "text": "You have *pepoithas* *te* *seauton* *hodēgon* *einai* of *typhlōn*, *phōs* of those in *skotei*,", "grammar": { "*pepoithas*": "verb, perfect active indicative, 2nd person singular - you have been convinced/persuaded", "*te*": "particle - and/both", "*seauton*": "reflexive pronoun, accusative, masculine, singular - yourself", "*hodēgon*": "noun, accusative, masculine, singular - guide", "*einai*": "verb, present infinitive - to be", "*typhlōn*": "adjective used as noun, genitive, masculine, plural - of blind people", "*phōs*": "noun, nominative, neuter, singular - light", "*skotei*": "noun, dative, neuter, singular - darkness" }, "variants": { "*pepoithas*": "have been convinced/are confident/trust", "*seauton*": "yourself", "*hodēgon*": "guide/leader", "*typhlōn*": "blind people/those without sight", "*phōs*": "light/illumination", "*skotei*": "darkness/obscurity" } } 20 { "verseID": "Romans.2.20", "source": "Παιδευτὴν ἀφρόνων, διδάσκαλον νηπίων, ἔχοντα τὴν μόρφωσιν τῆς γνώσεως καὶ τῆς ἀληθείας ἐν τῷ νόμῳ.", "text": "*Paideutēn* of *aphronōn*, *didaskalon* of *nēpiōn*, *echonta* the *morphōsin* of the *gnōseōs* and of the *alētheias* in the *nomō*.", "grammar": { "*Paideutēn*": "noun, accusative, masculine, singular - instructor/corrector", "*aphronōn*": "adjective used as noun, genitive, masculine, plural - of foolish ones", "*didaskalon*": "noun, accusative, masculine, singular - teacher", "*nēpiōn*": "noun, genitive, neuter, plural - of infants/children", "*echonta*": "participle, present active, accusative, masculine, singular - having", "*morphōsin*": "noun, accusative, feminine, singular - form/embodiment", "*gnōseōs*": "noun, genitive, feminine, singular - of knowledge", "*alētheias*": "noun, genitive, feminine, singular - of truth", "*nomō*": "noun, dative, masculine, singular - in law" }, "variants": { "*Paideutēn*": "instructor/corrector/discipliner", "*aphronōn*": "foolish ones/senseless people", "*didaskalon*": "teacher/instructor", "*nēpiōn*": "infants/children/immature ones", "*echonta*": "having/possessing", "*morphōsin*": "form/embodiment/semblance", "*gnōseōs*": "knowledge/understanding", "*alētheias*": "truth/reality/genuineness", "*nomō*": "law/legal code/Torah" } } 21 { "verseID": "Romans.2.21", "source": "Ὁ οὖν διδάσκων ἕτερον, σεαυτὸν οὐ διδάσκεις; ὁ κηρύσσων μὴ κλέπτειν, κλέπτεις;", "text": "Therefore *ho* *didaskōn* *heteron*, *seauton* not you *didaskeis*? *ho* *kēryssōn* not to *kleptein*, you *klepteis*?", "grammar": { "*ho didaskōn*": "article + participle, present active, nominative, masculine, singular - the one teaching", "*heteron*": "adjective used as noun, accusative, masculine, singular - another", "*seauton*": "reflexive pronoun, accusative, masculine, singular - yourself", "*didaskeis*": "verb, present indicative, 2nd person singular - you teach", "*ho kēryssōn*": "article + participle, present active, nominative, masculine, singular - the one preaching", "*kleptein*": "verb, present infinitive - to steal", "*klepteis*": "verb, present indicative, 2nd person singular - you steal" }, "variants": { "*didaskōn*": "teaching/instructing", "*heteron*": "another/other person", "*didaskeis*": "teach/instruct", "*kēryssōn*": "preaching/proclaiming/heralding", "*kleptein*": "to steal/take secretly", "*klepteis*": "steal/take secretly" } } 22 { "verseID": "Romans.2.22", "source": "Ὁ λέγων μὴ μοιχεύειν, μοιχεύεις; ὁ βδελυσσόμενος τὰ εἴδωλα, ἱεροσυλεῖς;", "text": "*Ho* *legōn* not to *moicheuein*, you *moicheueis*? *ho* *bdelyssomenos* the *eidōla*, you *hierosyleis*?", "grammar": { "*Ho legōn*": "article + participle, present active, nominative, masculine, singular - the one saying", "*moicheuein*": "verb, present infinitive - to commit adultery", "*moicheueis*": "verb, present indicative, 2nd person singular - you commit adultery", "*ho bdelyssomenos*": "article + participle, present middle, nominative, masculine, singular - the one abhorring", "*eidōla*": "noun, accusative, neuter, plural - idols", "*hierosyleis*": "verb, present indicative, 2nd person singular - you rob temples" }, "variants": { "*legōn*": "saying/speaking/telling", "*moicheuein*": "to commit adultery", "*moicheueis*": "commit adultery", "*bdelyssomenos*": "abhorring/detesting/loathing", "*eidōla*": "idols/images/false gods", "*hierosyleis*": "rob temples/commit sacrilege" } } 23 { "verseID": "Romans.2.23", "source": "Ὃς ἐν νόμῳ καυχᾶσαι, διὰ τῆς παραβάσεως τοῦ νόμου τὸν Θεὸν ἀτιμάζεις;", "text": "Who in *nomō* *kauchasai*, through the *parabaseōs* of the *nomou* *ton Theon* you *atimazeis*?", "grammar": { "*nomō*": "noun, dative, masculine, singular - law", "*kauchasai*": "verb, present middle indicative, 2nd person singular - you boast", "*parabaseōs*": "noun, genitive, feminine, singular - transgression", "*nomou*": "noun, genitive, masculine, singular - of law", "*ton Theon*": "article + noun, accusative, masculine, singular - God", "*atimazeis*": "verb, present indicative, 2nd person singular - you dishonor" }, "variants": { "*nomō*": "law/legal code/Torah", "*kauchasai*": "boast/glory/take pride", "*parabaseōs*": "transgression/violation/breaking", "*Theon*": "God/deity", "*atimazeis*": "dishonor/disrespect/treat with contempt" } } 24 { "verseID": "Romans.2.24", "source": "Τὸ γὰρ ὄνομα τοῦ Θεοῦ διʼ ὑμᾶς βλασφημεῖται ἐν τοῖς Ἔθνεσιν, καθὼς γέγραπται.", "text": "For the *onoma* of *Theou* through you *blasphēmeitai* among the *Ethnesin*, just as it has been *gegraptai*.", "grammar": { "*onoma*": "noun, nominative, neuter, singular - name", "*Theou*": "noun, genitive, masculine, singular - of God", "*blasphēmeitai*": "verb, present passive indicative, 3rd person singular - is blasphemed", "*Ethnesin*": "noun, dative, neuter, plural - among the Gentiles/nations", "*gegraptai*": "verb, perfect passive indicative, 3rd person singular - it has been written" }, "variants": { "*onoma*": "name/title/reputation", "*Theou*": "God/deity", "*blasphēmeitai*": "is blasphemed/reviled/spoken evil of", "*Ethnesin*": "Gentiles/nations/non-Jewish peoples", "*gegraptai*": "has been written/recorded/inscribed" } } 25 { "verseID": "Romans.2.25", "source": "Περιτομὴ μὲν γὰρ ὠφελεῖ, ἐὰν νόμον πράσσῃς: ἐὰν δὲ παραβάτης νόμου ᾖς, ἡ περιτομή σου ἀκροβυστία γέγονεν.", "text": "*Peritomē* *men* for *ōphelei*, if *nomon* you *prassēs*: but if *parabatēs* *nomou* you *ēs*, the *peritomē* of you *akrobystia* has *gegonen*.", "grammar": { "*Peritomē*": "noun, nominative, feminine, singular - circumcision", "*men*": "particle - on the one hand", "*ōphelei*": "verb, present indicative, 3rd person singular - profits/benefits", "*nomon*": "noun, accusative, masculine, singular - law", "*prassēs*": "verb, present subjunctive, 2nd person singular - you practice", "*parabatēs*": "noun, nominative, masculine, singular - transgressor", "*nomou*": "noun, genitive, masculine, singular - of law", "*ēs*": "verb, present subjunctive, 2nd person singular - you are", "*peritomē*": "noun, nominative, feminine, singular - circumcision", "*akrobystia*": "noun, nominative, feminine, singular - uncircumcision", "*gegonen*": "verb, perfect active indicative, 3rd person singular - has become" }, "variants": { "*Peritomē*": "circumcision", "*ōphelei*": "profits/benefits/is useful", "*nomon*": "law/legal code/Torah", "*prassēs*": "practice/perform/do", "*parabatēs*": "transgressor/violator/lawbreaker", "*ēs*": "are/exist", "*akrobystia*": "uncircumcision/foreskin", "*gegonen*": "has become/turned into" } }
• 2 Cor 6:14-18 : 14 { "verseID": "2 Corinthians.6.14", "source": "Μὴ γίνεσθε ἑτεροζυγοῦντες ἀπίστοις: τίς γὰρ μετοχὴ δικαιοσύνῃ καὶ ἀνομίᾳ; τίς δὲ κοινωνία φωτὶ πρὸς σκότος;", "text": "Not *ginesthe* *heterozygountes* with *apistois*: what for *metochē* for *dikaiosynē* and *anomia*? what *de* *koinōnia* for *phōti* *pros* *skotos*?", "grammar": { "*ginesthe*": "present imperative, middle, 2nd person plural - become/be", "*heterozygountes*": "present participle, active, nominative, masculine, plural - unequally yoked/mismatched", "*apistois*": "dative, masculine, plural - unbelievers/unfaithful ones", "*metochē*": "nominative, feminine, singular - partnership/participation/sharing", "*dikaiosynē*": "dative, feminine, singular - righteousness/justice", "*anomia*": "dative, feminine, singular - lawlessness/iniquity", "*de*": "postpositive conjunction - but/and/now", "*koinōnia*": "nominative, feminine, singular - fellowship/communion/association", "*phōti*": "dative, neuter, singular - light", "*pros*": "preposition + accusative - with/toward", "*skotos*": "accusative, neuter, singular - darkness" }, "variants": { "*ginesthe*": "become/be/happen to be", "*heterozygountes*": "unequally yoked/mismatched/paired with something different", "*apistois*": "unbelievers/unfaithful ones/non-Christians", "*metochē*": "partnership/participation/sharing/association", "*dikaiosynē*": "righteousness/justice/rightness", "*anomia*": "lawlessness/iniquity/wickedness", "*koinōnia*": "fellowship/communion/association/partnership", "*phōti*": "light/illumination/brightness", "*skotos*": "darkness/obscurity/ignorance" } } 15 { "verseID": "2 Corinthians.6.15", "source": "Τίς δὲ συμφώνησις Χριστῷ πρὸς Βελιάρ; ἢ τίς μερὶς πιστῷ μετὰ ἀπίστου;", "text": "What *de* *symphōnēsis* for *Christō* *pros* *Beliar*? or what *meris* for *pistō* *meta* *apistou*?", "grammar": { "*de*": "postpositive conjunction - but/and/now", "*symphōnēsis*": "nominative, feminine, singular - harmony/agreement/accord", "*Christō*": "dative, masculine, singular - for Christ", "*pros*": "preposition + accusative - with/toward", "*Beliar*": "accusative, masculine, singular - Belial (name for Satan)", "*meris*": "nominative, feminine, singular - portion/share/part", "*pistō*": "dative, masculine, singular - for believer/faithful one", "*meta*": "preposition + genitive - with", "*apistou*": "genitive, masculine, singular - of unbeliever/unfaithful one" }, "variants": { "*symphōnēsis*": "harmony/agreement/accord/concord", "*Beliar*": "Belial/Satan/the devil/the evil one", "*meris*": "portion/share/part/association", "*pistō*": "believer/faithful one/Christian", "*apistou*": "unbeliever/unfaithful one/non-Christian" } } 16 { "verseID": "2 Corinthians.6.16", "source": "Τίς δὲ συγκατάθεσις ναῷ Θεοῦ μετὰ εἰδώλων; ὑμεῖς γὰρ ναὸς Θεοῦ ἐστε ζῶντος· καθὼς εἶπεν ὁ Θεὸς, ὅτι Ἐνοικήσω ἐν αὐτοῖς, καὶ ἐμπεριπατήσω· καὶ ἔσομαι αὐτῶν Θεός, καὶ αὐτοὶ ἔσονταί μοι λαός.", "text": "What *de* *synkatathesis* for *naō* of *Theou* *meta* *eidōlōn*? you for *naos* of *Theou* *este* *zōntos*; *kathōs* *eipen* the *Theos*, that *Enoikēsō* in them, and *emperipateēsō*; and I *esomai* their *Theos*, and they *esontai* to me *laos*.", "grammar": { "*de*": "postpositive conjunction - but/and/now", "*synkatathesis*": "nominative, feminine, singular - agreement/accord/approval", "*naō*": "dative, masculine, singular - for temple", "*Theou*": "genitive, masculine, singular - of God", "*meta*": "preposition + genitive - with", "*eidōlōn*": "genitive, neuter, plural - of idols", "*naos*": "nominative, masculine, singular - temple", "*este*": "present indicative, active, 2nd person plural - you are", "*zōntos*": "present participle, active, genitive, masculine, singular - living/alive", "*kathōs*": "adverb - just as/according as", "*eipen*": "aorist indicative, active, 3rd person singular - said/spoke", "*Enoikēsō*": "future indicative, active, 1st person singular - I will dwell in", "*emperipateēsō*": "future indicative, active, 1st person singular - I will walk among", "*esomai*": "future indicative, middle, 1st person singular - I will be", "*esontai*": "future indicative, middle, 3rd person plural - they will be", "*laos*": "nominative, masculine, singular - people/nation" }, "variants": { "*synkatathesis*": "agreement/accord/approval/consent", "*naō*": "temple/sanctuary/shrine", "*eidōlōn*": "idols/images/false gods", "*naos*": "temple/sanctuary/shrine", "*zōntos*": "living/alive/active", "*Enoikēsō*": "I will dwell in/inhabit/live in", "*emperipateēsō*": "I will walk among/walk in/move among", "*laos*": "people/nation/population/community" } } 17 { "verseID": "2 Corinthians.6.17", "source": "Διὸ Ἐξέλθετε ἐκ μέσου αὐτῶν, καὶ ἀφορίσθητε, λέγει Κύριος, καὶ ἀκαθάρτου μὴ ἅπτεσθε· κἀγὼ εἰσδέξομαι ὑμᾶς,", "text": "Therefore *Exelthete* from *mesou* of them, and *aphoristhēte*, *legei* *Kyrios*, and unclean not *haptesthe*; and I *eisdexomai* you,", "grammar": { "*Exelthete*": "aorist imperative, active, 2nd person plural - come out/go out", "*mesou*": "genitive, neuter, singular - middle/midst", "*aphoristhēte*": "aorist imperative, passive, 2nd person plural - be separated/set apart", "*legei*": "present indicative, active, 3rd person singular - says/speaks", "*Kyrios*": "nominative, masculine, singular - Lord", "*haptesthe*": "present imperative, middle, 2nd person plural - touch/handle", "*eisdexomai*": "future indicative, middle, 1st person singular - I will receive/welcome" }, "variants": { "*Exelthete*": "come out/go out/depart from", "*mesou*": "middle/midst/among", "*aphoristhēte*": "be separated/set apart/removed", "*Kyrios*": "Lord/master/owner", "*haptesthe*": "touch/handle/cling to", "*eisdexomai*": "receive/welcome/accept" } } 18 { "verseID": "2 Corinthians.6.18", "source": "Καὶ ἔσομαι ὑμῖν εἰς Πατέρα, καὶ ὑμεῖς ἔσεσθέ μοι εἰς υἱοὺς καὶ θυγατέρας, λέγει Κύριος παντοκράτωρ.", "text": "And I *esomai* to you for *Patera*, and you *esesthe* to me for *hyious* and *thygateras*, *legei* *Kyrios* *pantokratōr*.", "grammar": { "*esomai*": "future indicative, middle, 1st person singular - I will be", "*Patera*": "accusative, masculine, singular - Father", "*esesthe*": "future indicative, middle, 2nd person plural - you will be", "*hyious*": "accusative, masculine, plural - sons", "*thygateras*": "accusative, feminine, plural - daughters", "*legei*": "present indicative, active, 3rd person singular - says/speaks", "*Kyrios*": "nominative, masculine, singular - Lord", "*pantokratōr*": "nominative, masculine, singular - Almighty/All-ruling" }, "variants": { "*Patera*": "Father/male parent/ancestor", "*hyious*": "sons/male children/descendants", "*thygateras*": "daughters/female children", "*Kyrios*": "Lord/master/owner", "*pantokratōr*": "Almighty/All-ruling/Omnipotent/All-powerful" } }