Verse 10

{ "verseID": "Nehemiah.2.10", "source": "וַיִּשְׁמַ֞ע סַנְבַלַּ֣ט הַחֹרֹנִ֗י וְטֽוֹבִיָּה֙ הָעֶ֣בֶד הָֽעַמֹּנִ֔י וַיֵּ֥רַע לָהֶ֖ם רָעָ֣ה גְדֹלָ֑ה אֲשֶׁר־בָּ֣א אָדָ֔ם לְבַקֵּ֥שׁ טוֹבָ֖ה לִבְנֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵֽל", "text": "*wa-yišmaʿ* *sanballaṭ* the-*ḥōrōnî* *wə-ṭôbiyyāh* the-*ʿebed* the-*ʿammōnî* *wa-yēraʿ* to-them *rāʿāh* *gədōlāh* *ʾăšer*-came *ʾādām* to-*baqqēš* *ṭôbāh* for-*bənê* *yiśrāʾēl*", "grammar": { "*wa-yišmaʿ*": "conjunction + qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and he heard", "*sanballaṭ*": "proper noun - Sanballat", "*ḥōrōnî*": "gentilic adjective masculine singular - Horonite", "*wə-ṭôbiyyāh*": "conjunction + proper noun - and Tobiah", "*ʿebed*": "masculine singular - servant", "*ʿammōnî*": "gentilic adjective masculine singular - Ammonite", "*wa-yēraʿ*": "conjunction + qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and it was displeasing", "*rāʿāh*": "feminine singular - evil/distress", "*gədōlāh*": "adjective feminine singular - great", "*ʾādām*": "masculine singular - man/person", "*baqqēš*": "piel infinitive construct - to seek", "*ṭôbāh*": "feminine singular - good/welfare", "*bənê*": "masculine plural construct - sons/children of", "*yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel" }, "variants": { "*wa-yēraʿ*": "it displeased them/they were greatly disturbed", "*rāʿāh* *gədōlāh*": "great displeasure/great evil", "*baqqēš* *ṭôbāh*": "to seek the welfare/good/prosperity", "*bənê* *yiśrāʾēl*": "children of Israel/Israelites" } }

Other Translations

• GT, oversatt fra Hebraisk

  Da Sanballat, horonitten, og Tobia, ammonitten, hørte dette, ble de svært opprørte fordi noen kom for å søke godt for Israels folk.

• Moderne oversettelse av Bibelen fra 1611 KJV med hebraisk kontekst

  Da Sanballat, horonitten, og Tobia, ammonitten, tjeneren, hørte om det, ble de svært misfornøyde fordi det var kommet en mann for å søke det gode for Israels barn.

• Norsk King James

  Da Sanballat horonitten og Tobiah, Ammonitten, hørte om dette, ble de dypt opprørte over at det hadde kommet en mann for å søke velstanden til Israels barn.

• Modernisert Norsk Bibel 1866

  Da Sanballat, horonitten, og Tobia, den ammonittiske tjeneren, hørte dette, ble de svært urolige fordi noen hadde kommet for å søke det gode for Israels folk.

• Oversettelse av hebraiske Bibeltekster til moderne norsk bokmål

  Da Sanballat fra Horon og Tobia, den ammonittiske tjeneren, hørte om det, ble de svært bekymret over at det hadde kommet noen for å søke israelittenes velferd.

• Bibelen: En Moderne Oversettelse av King James Version 1611

  Da Sanballat fra Horon og Tobias, den ammonittiske tjeneren, hørte om det, ble de meget bekymret over at det hadde kommet en mann for å søke det gode for Israels barn.

• o3-mini KJV Norsk

  Da Sanballat Horonitten og Tobia, den ammonittiske tjeneren, fikk høre det, ble de dypt bedrøvet over at en mann hadde kommet for å søke vel for Israels barn.

• En Moderne Oversettelse av King James Version 1611 (mar 2025)

  Da Sanballat fra Horon og Tobias, den ammonittiske tjeneren, hørte om det, ble de meget bekymret over at det hadde kommet en mann for å søke det gode for Israels barn.

• Lingvistisk bibeloversettelse fra grunntekst

  Men da Sanballat, horonitten, og Tobia, ammonitten, tjeneren, hørte om dette, ble det svært ubehagelig for dem at det var kommet en mann for å søke Israels barns vel.

• Linguistic Bible Translation from Source Texts

  When Sanballat the Horonite and Tobiah the Ammonite official heard about this, they were deeply displeased that someone had come to seek the welfare of the Israelites.

• GT, oversatt fra hebraisk Aug2024

  Da Sanballat, horonitten, og Tobia, ammonitten, tjeneren, hørte dette, ble de meget forarget over at det hadde kommet en mann for å søke Israels barns velgang.

• Original Norsk Bibel 1866

  Men der Saneballat, den Horoniter, og Tobia, den ammonitiske Tjener, det hørte, da gjorde det dem saare ondt, at der var et Menneske kommet til at søge Godt for Israels Børn.

• King James Version 1769 (Standard Version)

  When Sanballat the Horonite, and Tobiah the servant, the Ammonite, heard of it, it grieved them exceedingly that there was come a man to seek the welfare of the children of Israel.

• KJV 1769 norsk

  Da Sanballat horonitten og Tobia tjeneren, ammonitten, hørte om det, ble de svært bekymret over at det hadde kommet en mann for å søke det gode for Israels barn.

• KJV1611 - Moderne engelsk

  When Sanballat the Horonite, and Tobiah the servant, the Ammonite, heard of it, it grieved them exceedingly that a man had come to seek the welfare of the children of Israel.

• King James Version 1611 (Original)

  When Sanballat the Horonite, and Tobiah the servant, the Ammonite, heard of it, it grieved them exceedingly that there was come a man to seek the welfare of the children of Israel.

• Norsk oversettelse av Webster

  Da Sanballat fra Horona, og Tobia, tjeneren, ammonitteren, hørte om det, ble de svært lei seg fordi en mann var kommet for å søke israelittenes beste.

• Norsk oversettelse av Youngs Literal Translation

  Da Sanballat fra Horon og Tobias, den ammonittiske tjeneren, hørte dette, ble de svært misfornøyde over at det hadde kommet en mann for å søke jødenes beste.

• Norsk oversettelse av ASV1901

  Da Sanballat, horonitten, og Tobia, tjeneren, ammonitten, hørte om det, ble de svært opprørt, for det hadde kommet en mann for å søke israelittenes velstand.

• Norsk oversettelse av BBE

  Da Sanballat fra Horon og Tobia, tjenestemannen, ammonitten, hørte om det, ble de svært opprørte fordi det var kommet en mann for å hjelpe Israels barn.

• Coverdale Bible (1535)

  But whan Saneballath the Horonite, & Tobias the seruaunt of the Ammonites herde yt, it greued them sore, yt there was come a man which soughte the welth of the children of Israel.

• Geneva Bible (1560)

  But Sanballat the Horonite, and Tobiah a seruant an Ammonite heard it, and it grieued them sore, that there was come a man which sought the wealth of the children of Israel.

• Bishops' Bible (1568)

  Sanaballat also the Horonite, and Tobia a seruaunt the Ammonite hearde of it, & it greeued them sore, that there was come a man which sought the wealth of the children of Israel.

• Authorized King James Version (1611)

  When Sanballat the Horonite, and Tobiah the servant, the Ammonite, heard [of it], it grieved them exceedingly that there was come a man to seek the welfare of the children of Israel.

• Webster's Bible (1833)

  When Sanballat the Horonite, and Tobiah the servant, the Ammonite, heard of it, it grieved them exceedingly, because a man had come to seek the welfare of the children of Israel.

• Young's Literal Translation (1862/1898)

  and Sanballat the Horonite heareth, and Tobiah the servant, the Ammonite, and it is evil to them -- a great evil -- that a man hath come in to seek good for the sons of Israel.

• American Standard Version (1901)

  And when Sanballat the Horonite, and Tobiah the servant, the Ammonite, heard of it, it grieved them exceedingly, for that there was come a man to seek the welfare of the children of Israel.

• Bible in Basic English (1941)

  And Sanballat the Horonite and Tobiah the servant, the Ammonite, hearing of it, were greatly troubled because a man had come to the help of the children of Israel.

• World English Bible (2000)

  When Sanballat the Horonite, and Tobiah the servant, the Ammonite, heard of it, it grieved them exceedingly, because a man had come to seek the welfare of the children of Israel.

• NET Bible® (New English Translation)

  When Sanballat the Horonite and Tobiah the Ammonite official heard all this, they were very displeased that someone had come to seek benefit for the Israelites.

Referenced Verses

• Neh 2:19 : 19 { "verseID": "Nehemiah.2.19", "source": "וַיִּשְׁמַע֩ סַנְבַלַּ֨ט הַחֹרֹנִ֜י וְטֹבִיָּ֣ה ׀ הָעֶ֣בֶד הָֽעַמּוֹנִ֗י וְגֶ֙שֶׁם֙ הָֽעַרְבִ֔י וַיַּלְעִ֣גוּ לָ֔נוּ וַיִּבְז֖וּ עָלֵ֑ינוּ וַיֹּאמְר֗וּ מָֽה־הַדָּבָ֤ר הַזֶּה֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר אַתֶּ֣ם עֹשִׂ֔ים הַעַ֥ל הַמֶּ֖לֶךְ אַתֶּ֥ם מֹרְדִֽים", "text": "*wa-yišmaʿ* *sanballaṭ* the-*ḥōrōnî* *wə-ṭōbiyyāh* the-*ʿebed* the-*ʿammônî* *wə-gešem* the-*ʿarbî* *wa-yalʿigû* to-us *wa-yibzû* upon-us *wa-yōʾmərû* what-the-*dābār* the-this *ʾăšer* you *ʿōśîm* ?-against the-*melek* you *mōrədîm*", "grammar": { "*wa-yišmaʿ*": "conjunction + qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and he heard", "*sanballaṭ*": "proper noun - Sanballat", "*ḥōrōnî*": "gentilic adjective masculine singular - Horonite", "*wə-ṭōbiyyāh*": "conjunction + proper noun - and Tobiah", "*ʿebed*": "masculine singular - servant", "*ʿammônî*": "gentilic adjective masculine singular - Ammonite", "*wə-gešem*": "conjunction + proper noun - and Geshem", "*ʿarbî*": "gentilic adjective masculine singular - Arabian", "*wa-yalʿigû*": "conjunction + hiphil imperfect 3rd masculine plural - and they mocked", "*wa-yibzû*": "conjunction + qal imperfect 3rd masculine plural - and they despised", "*wa-yōʾmərû*": "conjunction + qal imperfect 3rd masculine plural - and they said", "*dābār*": "masculine singular - thing/matter", "*ʿōśîm*": "qal participle masculine plural - doing", "*melek*": "masculine singular - king", "*mōrədîm*": "qal participle masculine plural - rebelling" }, "variants": { "*wa-yalʿigû*": "and they mocked/derided/ridiculed", "*wa-yibzû*": "and they despised/disrespected/looked down on", "*dābār*": "thing/matter/business", "*mōrədîm*": "rebelling/revolting against" } }
• Neh 4:7 : 7 { "verseID": "Nehemiah.4.7", "source": "וָֽאַעֲמִ֞יד מִֽתַּחְתִּיּ֧וֹת לַמָּק֛וֹם מֵאַחֲרֵ֥י לַחוֹמָ֖ה *בצחחיים **בַּצְּחִיחִ֑ים וָֽאַעֲמִ֤יד אֶת־הָעָם֙ לְמִשְׁפָּח֔וֹת עִם־חַרְבֹתֵיהֶ֛ם רָמְחֵיהֶ֖ם וְקַשְּׁתֹתֵיהֶֽם׃", "text": "And *wāʾaʿămîd* from the *mittaḥtiyyôt* to the *lammāqôm* from behind to the *laḥômâ* in the *baṣṣəḥîḥîm*; and *wāʾaʿămîd* *ʾet*-the *hāʿām* by *ləmišpāḥôt* with their *ḥarbōtêhem* their *rāmḥêhem* and their *qaššətōtêhem*.", "grammar": { "*wāʾaʿămîd*": "waw-consecutive + hiphil imperfect 1cs - and I caused to stand/stationed", "*mittaḥtiyyôt*": "preposition + noun feminine plural - from lower parts/below", "*lammāqôm*": "preposition + definite article + noun masculine singular - to the place", "*laḥômâ*": "preposition + definite article + noun feminine singular - to the wall", "*baṣṣəḥîḥîm*": "preposition + definite article + noun masculine plural - in the exposed places", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*hāʿām*": "definite article + noun masculine singular - the people", "*ləmišpāḥôt*": "preposition + noun feminine plural - by families", "*ḥarbōtêhem*": "noun feminine plural construct + pronominal suffix 3mp - their swords", "*rāmḥêhem*": "noun masculine plural construct + pronominal suffix 3mp - their spears", "*qaššətōtêhem*": "noun feminine plural construct + pronominal suffix 3mp - their bows" }, "variants": { "*mittaḥtiyyôt*": "from lower parts/below/beneath", "*baṣṣəḥîḥîm*": "in the exposed places/bare heights/open areas", "*ləmišpāḥôt*": "by families/according to clans", "*ḥarbōtêhem*": "their swords/weapons" } }
• Neh 6:1 : 1 { "verseID": "Nehemiah.6.1", "source": "וַיְהִ֣י כַאֲשֶׁ֣ר נִשְׁמַ֣ע לְסַנְבַלַּ֣ט וְ֠טוֹבִיָּה וּלְגֶ֨שֶׁם הָֽעַרְבִ֜י וּלְיֶ֣תֶר אֹֽיְבֵ֗ינוּ כִּ֤י בָנִ֙יתִי֙ אֶת־הַ֣חוֹמָ֔ה וְלֹא־נ֥וֹתַר בָּ֖הּ פָּ֑רֶץ גַּ֚ם עַד־הָעֵ֣ת הַהִ֔יא דְּלָת֖וֹת לֹא־הֶעֱמַ֥דְתִּי בַשְּׁעָרִֽים", "text": "*wə-yhî* when *nishmaʿ* to-*Sanballaṭ* and-*Ṭôbiyyâ* and-to-*Geshem* the-*ʿarbî* and-to-*yeter* *ʾôyəbênû* that *bānîtî* *ʾet*-the-*ḥômâ* and-not-*nôtar* in-her *pāreṣ* also until-the-*ʿēt* the-that *dəlātôt* not-*heʿĕmadtî* in-the-*shəʿārîm*", "grammar": { "*wə-yhî*": "conjunction + verb, qal imperfect 3ms - and it came to pass/happened", "*nishmaʿ*": "verb, niphal perfect 3ms - it was heard", "*Sanballaṭ*": "proper noun - Sanballat", "*Ṭôbiyyâ*": "proper noun - Tobiah", "*Geshem*": "proper noun - Geshem", "*ʿarbî*": "adjective, masculine singular - Arabian", "*yeter*": "noun, masculine singular construct - remainder of", "*ʾôyəbênû*": "noun, masculine plural construct + 1cp suffix - our enemies", "*bānîtî*": "verb, qal perfect 1cs - I built", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*ḥômâ*": "noun, feminine singular - wall", "*nôtar*": "verb, niphal perfect 3ms - was left/remained", "*pāreṣ*": "noun, masculine singular - breach/gap", "*ʿēt*": "noun, feminine singular - time", "*dəlātôt*": "noun, feminine plural - doors", "*heʿĕmadtî*": "verb, hiphil perfect 1cs - I had set up/erected", "*shəʿārîm*": "noun, masculine plural - gates" }, "variants": { "*wə-yhî*": "and it happened/came to pass", "*nishmaʿ*": "it was heard/reported", "*yeter*": "remainder/rest", "*ʾôyəbênû*": "our enemies/adversaries", "*nôtar*": "remained/was left", "*pāreṣ*": "breach/gap/broken place", "*heʿĕmadtî*": "I had set up/erected/established" } }
• Neh 13:4 : 4 { "verseID": "Nehemiah.13.4", "source": "וְלִפְנֵ֣י מִזֶּ֔ה אֶלְיָשִׁיב֙ הַכֹּהֵ֔ן נָת֖וּן בְּלִשְׁכַּ֣ת בֵּית־אֱלֹהֵ֑ינוּ קָר֖וֹב לְטוֹבִיָּֽה׃", "text": "And before *mizzeh* *'Elyāšîḇ* the *kōhēn* being *nāṯûn* in *liškaṯ* *bêṯ*-*'ĕlōhênû*, *qārôḇ* to *Ṭôḇiyyāh*.", "grammar": { "*mizzeh*": "preposition *min* + demonstrative pronoun - from this", "*'Elyāšîḇ*": "proper name - Eliashib", "*kōhēn*": "masculine singular noun with definite article - priest", "*nāṯûn*": "Qal passive participle - given/appointed/placed", "*liškaṯ*": "feminine singular construct - chamber of", "*bêṯ*": "masculine singular construct - house of", "*'ĕlōhênû*": "masculine plural noun with 1st person plural suffix - our God", "*qārôḇ*": "Qal participle/adjective - related/near/close", "*Ṭôḇiyyāh*": "proper name - Tobiah" }, "variants": { "*mizzeh*": "from this/before this", "*nāṯûn*": "given/appointed/placed/assigned", "*qārôḇ*": "related/near/close/allied with", "*'ĕlōhênû*": "our God (plural form used for singular deity)" } }
• Neh 4:1-3 : 1 { "verseID": "Nehemiah.4.1", "source": "וַיְהִ֣י כַאֲשֶׁ֣ר שָׁמַ֣ע סַנְבַלַּ֡ט וְ֠טוֹבִיָּה וְהָעַרְבִ֨ים וְהָעַמֹּנִ֜ים וְהָאַשְׁדּוֹדִ֗ים כִּֽי־עָלְתָ֤ה אֲרוּכָה֙ לְחֹמ֣וֹת יְרוּשָׁלִַ֔ם כִּי־הֵחֵ֥לּוּ הַפְּרֻצִ֖ים לְהִסָּתֵ֑ם וַיִּ֥חַר לָהֶ֖ם מְאֹֽד׃", "text": "And *wayəhî* when *šāmaʿ* *Sanballat* and *Tôbiyyâ* and the *hāʿarbîm* and the *hāʿammōnîm* and the *hāʾašdôdîm* that *ʿālətâ* *ʾarûkâ* to *ḥōmôt* *Yərûšālaim*, that *hēḥēllû* the *happərušîm* to *hissātēm*; and *wayyîḥar* to them very much.", "grammar": { "*wayəhî*": "waw-consecutive + qal imperfect 3ms - and it happened/came to pass", "*šāmaʿ*": "qal perfect 3ms - heard", "*Sanballat*": "proper noun", "*Tôbiyyâ*": "proper noun", "*hāʿarbîm*": "definite article + noun masculine plural - the Arabs", "*hāʿammōnîm*": "definite article + noun masculine plural - the Ammonites", "*hāʾašdôdîm*": "definite article + noun masculine plural - the Ashdodites", "*ʿālətâ*": "qal perfect 3fs - went up/arose", "*ʾarûkâ*": "noun feminine singular - healing/restoration", "*ḥōmôt*": "noun feminine plural construct - walls of", "*Yərûšālaim*": "proper noun - Jerusalem", "*hēḥēllû*": "hiphil perfect 3cp - they began", "*happərušîm*": "definite article + noun masculine plural - the breaches/gaps", "*hissātēm*": "niphal infinitive construct + pronominal suffix 3mp - to be closed/repaired", "*wayyîḥar*": "waw-consecutive + qal imperfect 3ms - and became hot/angry" }, "variants": { "*ʾarûkâ*": "healing/restoration/repair", "*ḥōmôt*": "walls/fortifications", "*happərušîm*": "breaches/gaps/broken places", "*hissātēm*": "to be closed/stopped/repaired" } } 2 { "verseID": "Nehemiah.4.2", "source": "וַיִּקְשְׁר֤וּ כֻלָּם֙ יַחְדָּ֔ו לָב֖וֹא לְהִלָּחֵ֣ם בִּירוּשָׁלָ֑͏ִם וְלַעֲשׂ֥וֹת ל֖וֹ תּוֹעָֽה׃", "text": "And *wayyiqšərû* all of them *yaḥdāw* to *lābôʾ* to *ləhillāḥēm* against *bîrûšālāim* and to *laʿaśôt* to him *tôʿâ*.", "grammar": { "*wayyiqšərû*": "waw-consecutive + qal imperfect 3mp - and they conspired/plotted", "*yaḥdāw*": "adverb - together", "*lābôʾ*": "preposition + qal infinitive construct - to come", "*ləhillāḥēm*": "preposition + niphal infinitive construct - to fight", "*bîrûšālāim*": "preposition + proper noun - against Jerusalem", "*laʿaśôt*": "preposition + qal infinitive construct - to make/do", "*tôʿâ*": "noun feminine singular - error/confusion/harm" }, "variants": { "*wayyiqšərû*": "they conspired/plotted/made alliance", "*tôʿâ*": "error/confusion/harm/disturbance" } } 3 { "verseID": "Nehemiah.4.3", "source": "וַנִּתְפַּלֵּ֖ל אֶל־אֱלֹהֵ֑ינוּ וַנַּעֲמִ֨יד מִשְׁמָ֧ר עֲלֵיהֶ֛ם יוֹמָ֥ם וָלַ֖יְלָה מִפְּנֵיהֶֽם׃", "text": "And *wannitpallēl* to *ʾĕlōhênû* and *wannaʿămîd* *mišmār* against them *yômām* and *wālaylâ* from *mippənêhem*.", "grammar": { "*wannitpallēl*": "waw-consecutive + hitpael imperfect 1cp - and we prayed", "*ʾĕlōhênû*": "noun masculine plural + pronominal suffix 1cp - our God", "*wannaʿămîd*": "waw-consecutive + hiphil imperfect 1cp - and we caused to stand/set up", "*mišmār*": "noun masculine singular - guard/watch", "*yômām*": "adverb - by day", "*wālaylâ*": "waw-conjunctive + noun masculine singular - and night", "*mippənêhem*": "preposition + noun masculine plural construct + pronominal suffix 3mp - from before them/because of them" }, "variants": { "*mišmār*": "guard/watch/watchman", "*mippənêhem*": "from before them/because of them/facing them" } }
• Prov 27:4 : 4 { "verseID": "Proverbs.27.4", "source": "אַכְזְרִיּ֣וּת חֵ֭מָה וְשֶׁ֣טֶף אָ֑ף וּמִ֥י יַ֝עֲמֹד לִפְנֵ֥י קִנְאָֽה׃", "text": "*ʾakzĕrîyût ḥēmāh wĕšeṭep ʾāp ûmî yaʿămōd lipnê qinʾāh*", "grammar": { "*ʾakzĕrîyût*": "feminine singular construct - cruelty of", "*ḥēmāh*": "feminine singular - wrath", "*wĕšeṭep*": "conjunction + masculine singular construct - and flood/overflowing of", "*ʾāp*": "masculine singular - anger/nose", "*ûmî*": "conjunction + interrogative pronoun - but who", "*yaʿămōd*": "qal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular - will stand", "*lipnê*": "preposition + plural construct - before", "*qinʾāh*": "feminine singular - jealousy/envy" }, "variants": { "*ʾakzĕrîyût*": "cruelty/fierceness/savagery", "*ḥēmāh*": "wrath/fury/rage", "*šeṭep*": "flood/overflow/outburst", "*ʾāp*": "anger/nose/face", "*yaʿămōd*": "stand/endure/withstand", "*qinʾāh*": "jealousy/envy/zeal" } }
• Ezek 25:6-8 : 6 { "verseID": "Ezekiel.25.6", "source": "כִּ֣י כֹ֤ה אָמַר֙ אֲדֹנָ֣י יְהוִ֔ה יַ֚עַן מַחְאֲךָ֣ יָ֔ד וְרַקְעֲךָ֖ בְּרָ֑גֶל וַתִּשְׂמַ֤ח בְּכָל־שָֽׁאטְךָ֙ בְּנֶ֔פֶשׁ אֶל־אַדְמַ֖ת יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃", "text": "*kî* *kōh* *ʾāmar* *ʾădōnāy* *YHWH* *yaʿan* *maḥʾăkā* *yād* *wə-raqʿăkā* *bərāgel* *wa-tiśmaḥ* *bəkāl*-*šāʾṭəkā* *bənepeš* *ʾel*-*ʾadmat* *yiśrāʾēl*", "grammar": { "*kî*": "conjunction - for/because", "*kōh*": "adverb - thus", "*ʾāmar*": "qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - said", "*ʾădōnāy* *YHWH*": "divine title + name - Lord YHWH/Sovereign LORD", "*yaʿan*": "conjunction - because", "*maḥʾăkā*": "qal infinitive construct + 2nd masculine singular suffix - your clapping", "*yād*": "noun feminine singular - hand", "*wə-raqʿăkā*": "waw conjunction + qal infinitive construct + 2nd masculine singular suffix - and your stamping", "*bərāgel*": "preposition + noun feminine singular - with foot", "*wa-tiśmaḥ*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect, 2nd masculine singular - and you rejoiced", "*bəkāl*-*šāʾṭəkā*": "preposition + noun + noun masculine singular construct + 2nd masculine singular suffix - with all your contempt", "*bənepeš*": "preposition + noun feminine singular - in soul/with inner feeling", "*ʾel*-*ʾadmat*": "preposition + noun feminine construct - against the land of", "*yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel" }, "variants": { "*maḥʾăkā* *yād*": "your clapping of hand/your applauding/your gesture of joy", "*raqʿăkā* *bərāgel*": "your stamping with foot/your gestures of scorn", "*šāʾṭəkā* *bənepeš*": "your contempt in soul/your deep-seated disdain/your heartfelt scorn" } } 7 { "verseID": "Ezekiel.25.7", "source": "לָכֵ֡ן הִנְנִי֩ נָטִ֨יתִי אֶת־יָדִ֜י עָלֶ֗יךָ וּנְתַתִּ֤יךָֽ־לְבַז֙ לַגּוֹיִ֔ם וְהִכְרַתִּ֙יךָ֙ מִן־הָ֣עַמִּ֔ים וְהַאֲבַדְתִּ֖יךָ מִן־הָאֲרָצ֑וֹת אַשְׁמִ֣ידְךָ֔ וְיָדַעְתָּ֖ כִּֽי־אֲנִ֥י יְהוָֽה׃", "text": "*lākēn* *hinənî* *nāṭîtî* *ʾet*-*yādî* *ʿālêkā* *ûnətattîkā*-*ləbaz* *laggôyim* *wəhikrattîkā* *min*-*hāʿammîm* *wəhaʾăbadtîkā* *min*-*hāʾărāṣôt* *ʾašmîdəkā* *wəyādaʿtā* *kî*-*ʾănî* *YHWH*", "grammar": { "*lākēn*": "conjunction - therefore", "*hinənî*": "interjection + 1st common singular suffix - behold me/here I am", "*nāṭîtî*": "qal perfect, 1st common singular - I will stretch out", "*ʾet*-*yādî*": "direct object marker + noun feminine singular + 1st singular suffix - my hand", "*ʿālêkā*": "preposition + 2nd masculine singular suffix - against you", "*ûnətattîkā*": "waw conjunction + qal perfect, 1st common singular + 2nd masculine singular suffix - and I will give you", "*ləbaz*": "preposition + noun masculine singular - as spoil/plunder", "*laggôyim*": "preposition + definite article + noun masculine plural - to the nations", "*wəhikrattîkā*": "waw conjunction + hiphil perfect, 1st common singular + 2nd masculine singular suffix - and I will cut you off", "*min*-*hāʿammîm*": "preposition + definite article + noun masculine plural - from the peoples", "*wəhaʾăbadtîkā*": "waw conjunction + hiphil perfect, 1st common singular + 2nd masculine singular suffix - and I will destroy you", "*min*-*hāʾărāṣôt*": "preposition + definite article + noun feminine plural - from the lands", "*ʾašmîdəkā*": "hiphil imperfect, 1st common singular + 2nd masculine singular suffix - I will annihilate you", "*wəyādaʿtā*": "waw conjunction + qal perfect, 2nd masculine singular - and you will know", "*kî*-*ʾănî*": "conjunction + personal pronoun, 1st common singular - that I am", "*YHWH*": "divine name - LORD/Yahweh" }, "variants": { "*nāṭîtî* *ʾet*-*yādî*": "I stretch out my hand/I extend my power/I take action", "*ləbaz*": "plunder/spoil/prey", "*hikrattîkā*": "cut you off/eliminate you/remove you", "*haʾăbadtîkā*": "destroy you/cause you to perish/exterminate you", "*ʾašmîdəkā*": "annihilate you/exterminate you/wipe you out" } } 8 { "verseID": "Ezekiel.25.8", "source": "כֹּ֥ה אָמַ֖ר אֲדֹנָ֣י יְהוִ֑ה יַ֗עַן אֲמֹ֤ר מוֹאָב֙ וְשֵׂעִ֔יר הִנֵּ֥ה כְּכָֽל־הַגּוֹיִ֖ם בֵּ֥ית יְהוּדָֽה׃", "text": "*kōh* *ʾāmar* *ʾădōnāy* *YHWH* *yaʿan* *ʾămōr* *môʾāb* *wə-śēʿîr* *hinnēh* *kəkāl*-*haggôyim* *bêt* *yəhûdâ*", "grammar": { "*kōh*": "adverb - thus", "*ʾāmar*": "qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - says", "*ʾădōnāy* *YHWH*": "divine title + name - Lord YHWH/Sovereign LORD", "*yaʿan*": "conjunction - because", "*ʾămōr*": "qal infinitive construct - saying of", "*môʾāb*": "proper noun - Moab", "*wə-śēʿîr*": "waw conjunction + proper noun - and Seir", "*hinnēh*": "interjection - behold", "*kəkāl*-*haggôyim*": "preposition + noun + definite article + noun masculine plural - like all the nations", "*bêt*": "noun masculine singular construct - house of", "*yəhûdâ*": "proper noun - Judah" }, "variants": { "*môʾāb*": "Moab (nation east of Dead Sea)", "*śēʿîr*": "Seir (mountain region associated with Edom)", "*kəkāl*-*haggôyim* *bêt* *yəhûdâ*": "the house of Judah is like all the nations/Judah is no different from other nations" } }
• Acts 19:26-27 : 26 { "verseID": "Acts.19.26", "source": "Καὶ θεωρεῖτε καὶ ἀκούετε, ὅτι οὐ μόνον Ἐφέσου, ἀλλὰ σχεδὸν πάσης τῆς Ἀσίας, ὁ Παῦλος οὗτος πείσας μετέστησεν ἱκανὸν ὄχλον, λέγων ὅτι οὐκ εἰσὶν θεοὶ, οἱ διὰ χειρῶν γινόμενοι:", "text": "And you *theōreite* and *akouete*, that not only of *Ephesou*, but *schedon pasēs tēs Asias*, this *Paulos peisas metestēsen hikanon ochlon*, *legōn* that not *eisin theoi*, those *dia cheirōn ginomenoi*:", "grammar": { "*theōreite*": "present, 2nd plural, indicative - you see", "*akouete*": "present, 2nd plural, indicative - you hear", "*Ephesou*": "genitive, feminine, singular - of Ephesus", "*schedon*": "adverb - almost", "*pasēs*": "genitive, feminine, singular - all", "*tēs Asias*": "genitive, feminine, singular - of Asia", "*Paulos*": "nominative, masculine, singular - Paul", "*peisas*": "aorist participle, nominative, masculine, singular - having persuaded", "*metestēsen*": "aorist, 3rd singular, indicative - has turned away", "*hikanon*": "accusative, masculine, singular - considerable", "*ochlon*": "accusative, masculine, singular - crowd", "*legōn*": "present participle, nominative, masculine, singular - saying", "*eisin*": "present, 3rd plural, indicative - they are", "*theoi*": "nominative, masculine, plural - gods", "*dia*": "preposition + genitive - by", "*cheirōn*": "genitive, feminine, plural - hands", "*ginomenoi*": "present participle, nominative, masculine, plural - being made" }, "variants": { "*theōreite*": "you see/observe/watch", "*akouete*": "you hear/listen to", "*schedon*": "almost/nearly/approximately", "*peisas*": "having persuaded/convinced", "*metestēsen*": "has turned away/moved/changed", "*hikanon*": "considerable/large/many", "*ochlon*": "crowd/multitude/throng", "*legōn*": "saying/speaking", "*theoi*": "gods/deities", "*ginomenoi*": "being made/created/fashioned" } } 27 { "verseID": "Acts.19.27", "source": "Οὐ μόνον δὲ τοῦτο κινδυνεύει ἡμῖν τὸ μέρος εἰς ἀπελεγμὸν ἐλθεῖν· ἀλλὰ καὶ τὸ τῆς μεγάλης θεᾶς Ἀρτέμιδος ἱερὸν εἰς οὐθὲν λογισθῆναι, μέλλειν τε καὶ καθαιρεῖσθαι τὴν μεγαλειότητα αὐτῆς, ἣν ὅλη ἡ Ἀσία καὶ ἡ οἰκουμένη σέβεται.", "text": "Not only *de touto kindyneuei hēmin to meros eis apelegmon elthein*; but also the *tēs megalēs theas Artemidos hieron eis outhen logisthēnai*, *mellein te kai kathairreisthai tēn megaleiotēta autēs*, which *holē hē Asia kai hē oikoumenē sebetai*.", "grammar": { "*de*": "postpositive particle - but/and", "*touto*": "nominative, neuter, singular - this", "*kindyneuei*": "present, 3rd singular, indicative - is in danger", "*hēmin*": "dative, 1st plural - for us", "*to meros*": "nominative, neuter, singular - the trade/part", "*eis*": "preposition + accusative - to/into", "*apelegmon*": "accusative, masculine, singular - disrepute", "*elthein*": "aorist infinitive - to come", "*tēs megalēs*": "genitive, feminine, singular - of the great", "*theas*": "genitive, feminine, singular - goddess", "*Artemidos*": "genitive, feminine, singular - of Artemis", "*hieron*": "nominative, neuter, singular - temple", "*eis*": "preposition + accusative - to/for", "*outhen*": "accusative, neuter, singular - nothing", "*logisthēnai*": "aorist infinitive, passive - to be counted", "*mellein*": "present infinitive - to be about", "*te*": "connective particle - both/and", "*kai*": "conjunction - and", "*kathairreisthai*": "present infinitive, passive - to be destroyed", "*tēn megaleiotēta*": "accusative, feminine, singular - the magnificence", "*autēs*": "genitive, feminine, singular - of her", "*holē*": "nominative, feminine, singular - all", "*hē Asia*": "nominative, feminine, singular - Asia", "*hē oikoumenē*": "nominative, feminine, singular - the inhabited world", "*sebetai*": "present, 3rd singular, middle, indicative - worships" }, "variants": { "*kindyneuei*": "is in danger/at risk", "*meros*": "trade/part/portion/business", "*apelegmon*": "disrepute/discredit/rejection", "*elthein*": "to come/fall into", "*megalēs*": "great/large/important", "*theas*": "goddess/female deity", "*hieron*": "temple/sanctuary", "*logisthēnai*": "to be counted/considered/regarded as", "*mellein*": "to be about/going to", "*kathairreisthai*": "to be destroyed/torn down/demolished", "*megaleiotēta*": "magnificence/majesty/greatness", "*holē*": "all/whole/entire", "*oikoumenē*": "inhabited world/earth/empire", "*sebetai*": "worships/venerates/reveres" } }
• Mic 7:9-9 : 9 { "verseID": "Micah.7.9", "source": "זַ֤עַף יְהוָה֙ אֶשָּׂ֔א כִּ֥י חָטָ֖אתִי ל֑וֹ עַד֩ אֲשֶׁ֨ר יָרִ֤יב רִיבִי֙ וְעָשָׂ֣ה מִשְׁפָּטִ֔י יוֹצִיאֵ֣נִי לָא֔וֹר אֶרְאֶ֖ה בְּצִדְקָתֽוֹ׃", "text": "*Zaʿap* *YHWH* *ʾeśśāʾ*, for *ḥāṭāʾtî* to him, until *ʾăšer* *yārîb* my *rîbî* and *ʿāśāh* my *mišpāṭî*; he *yôṣîʾēnî* to the-*ʾôr*, *ʾerʾeh* in-his *ṣidqātô*.", "grammar": { "*zaʿap*": "masculine singular construct noun - indignation/rage of", "*YHWH*": "divine name - Yahweh/the LORD", "*ʾeśśāʾ*": "Qal imperfect, 1st person singular - I will bear", "*kî*": "conjunction - for/because", "*ḥāṭāʾtî*": "Qal perfect, 1st person singular - I have sinned", "*lô*": "preposition with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - against him", "*ʿad*": "preposition - until", "*ʾăšer*": "relative pronoun - which/that", "*yārîb*": "Qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - he pleads/contends", "*rîbî*": "masculine singular noun with 1st person singular suffix - my case/cause", "*wə*": "conjunction - and", "*ʿāśāh*": "Qal perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - he executes/performs", "*mišpāṭî*": "masculine singular noun with 1st person singular suffix - my justice/judgment", "*yôṣîʾēnî*": "Hiphil imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular with 1st person singular suffix - he will bring me out", "*lā-ʾôr*": "preposition + definite article + masculine singular noun - to the light", "*ʾerʾeh*": "Qal imperfect, 1st person singular - I will see", "*bə-ṣidqātô*": "preposition + feminine singular noun with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - in his righteousness" }, "variants": { "*zaʿap*": "indignation/rage/anger/wrath", "*ʾeśśāʾ*": "I will bear/endure/carry", "*ḥāṭāʾtî*": "I have sinned/offended/done wrong", "*yārîb rîbî*": "he will plead my case/contend for my cause/defend my right", "*ʿāśāh mišpāṭî*": "he executes my justice/performs my judgment", "*yôṣîʾēnî*": "he will bring me out/lead me forth", "*ṣidqātô*": "his righteousness/justice/vindication" } } 10 { "verseID": "Micah.7.10", "source": "וְתֵרֶ֤א אֹיַ֙בְתִּי֙ וּתְכַסֶּ֣הָ בוּשָׁ֔ה הָאֹמְרָ֣ה אֵלַ֔י אַיּ֖וֹ יְהוָ֣ה אֱלֹהָ֑יִךְ עֵינַי֙ תִּרְאֶ֣ינָּה בָּ֔הּ עַתָּ֛ה תִּֽהְיֶ֥ה לְמִרְמָ֖ס כְּטִ֥יט חוּצֽוֹת׃", "text": "And *tēreʾ* my *ʾōyabtî* and *təkassehā* *bûšāh*, the one *hāʾōmərāh* to me, 'Where *ʾayyô* *YHWH* your *ʾĕlōhāyik*?' My *ʿênay* *tirʾeynāh* in her; now *tihyeh* for-*mirmās* like-*ṭîṭ* *ḥûṣôt*.", "grammar": { "*wə*": "conjunction - and", "*tēreʾ*": "Qal imperfect, 3rd person feminine singular - she will see", "*ʾōyabtî*": "Qal participle, feminine singular with 1st person singular suffix - my enemy", "*û-təkassehā*": "conjunction + Piel imperfect, 3rd person feminine singular with 3rd person feminine singular suffix - and she will cover her", "*bûšāh*": "feminine singular noun - shame", "*hā-ʾōmərāh*": "definite article + Qal participle, feminine singular - the one saying", "*ʾēlay*": "preposition with 1st person singular suffix - to me", "*ʾayyô*": "interrogative particle with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - where is he?", "*YHWH*": "divine name - Yahweh/the LORD", "*ʾĕlōhāyik*": "masculine plural noun with 2nd person feminine singular suffix - your God", "*ʿênay*": "feminine dual noun with 1st person singular suffix - my eyes", "*tirʾeynāh*": "Qal imperfect, 3rd person feminine plural - they will see/look", "*bāh*": "preposition with 3rd person feminine singular suffix - on her", "*ʿattāh*": "adverb - now", "*tihyeh*": "Qal imperfect, 3rd person feminine singular - she will be", "*lə-mirmās*": "preposition + masculine singular noun - for treading/trampling", "*kə-ṭîṭ*": "preposition + masculine singular noun - like mud/clay", "*ḥûṣôt*": "feminine plural noun - streets/outside places" }, "variants": { "*tēreʾ*": "she will see/look/behold", "*təkassehā*": "will cover her/overwhelm her", "*bûšāh*": "shame/disgrace/humiliation", "*hā-ʾōmərāh*": "the one saying/who says", "*ʾayyô*": "where is he?/where?", "*tirʾeynāh*": "they will see/look/gaze", "*mirmās*": "treading/trampling/something trampled", "*ṭîṭ ḥûṣôt*": "mud of streets/street mire/clay of the streets" } }
• Mic 7:16-17 : 16 { "verseID": "Micah.7.16", "source": "יִרְא֤וּ גוֹיִם֙ וְיֵבֹ֔שׁוּ מִכֹּ֖ל גְּבֽוּרָתָ֑ם יָשִׂ֤ימוּ יָד֙ עַל־פֶּ֔ה אָזְנֵיהֶ֖ם תֶּחֱרַֽשְׁנָה׃", "text": "They will *yirʾû* *gôyim* and *yēbōšû* from-all their *gəbûrātām*; they will *yāśîmû* *yād* upon-*peh*, their *ʾoznêhem* *teḥĕrašnāh*.", "grammar": { "*yirʾû*": "Qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine plural - they will see", "*gôyim*": "masculine plural noun - nations", "*wə*": "conjunction - and", "*yēbōšû*": "Qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine plural - they will be ashamed", "*mi-kōl*": "preposition + masculine singular construct - from all of", "*gəbûrātām*": "feminine singular noun with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - their might/strength", "*yāśîmû*": "Qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine plural - they will put/place", "*yād*": "feminine singular noun - hand", "*ʿal*": "preposition - upon", "*peh*": "masculine singular noun - mouth", "*ʾoznêhem*": "feminine dual noun with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - their ears", "*teḥĕrašnāh*": "Qal imperfect, 3rd person feminine plural - they will be deaf/silent" }, "variants": { "*yirʾû*": "they will see/perceive/observe", "*gôyim*": "nations/gentiles/peoples", "*yēbōšû*": "they will be ashamed/disgraced/embarrassed", "*gəbûrātām*": "their might/strength/power", "*yāśîmû yād ʿal-peh*": "they will put hand over mouth/be silenced/be speechless", "*teḥĕrašnāh*": "will be deaf/become silent/be speechless" } } 17 { "verseID": "Micah.7.17", "source": "יְלַחֲכ֤וּ עָפָר֙ כַּנָּחָ֔שׁ כְּזֹחֲלֵ֣י אֶ֔רֶץ יִרְגְּז֖וּ מִמִּסְגְּרֹֽתֵיהֶ֑ם אֶל־יְהוָ֤ה אֱלֹהֵ֙ינוּ֙ יִפְחָ֔דוּ וְיִֽרְא֖וּ מִמֶּֽךָּ׃", "text": "They will *yəlaḥăkû* *ʿāpār* like-the-*nāḥāš*, like-*zōḥălê* *ʾereṣ*; they will *yirgəzû* from their *misgərōtêhem*, to-*YHWH* our *ʾĕlōhênû* they will *yipḥādû*, and they will *yîrʾû* from you.", "grammar": { "*yəlaḥăkû*": "Piel imperfect, 3rd person masculine plural - they will lick", "*ʿāpār*": "masculine singular noun - dust", "*ka-nāḥāš*": "preposition + definite article + masculine singular noun - like the serpent", "*kə*": "preposition - like", "*zōḥălê*": "Qal participle, masculine plural construct - crawlers of", "*ʾereṣ*": "feminine singular noun - earth/ground", "*yirgəzû*": "Qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine plural - they will tremble", "*mi-misgərōtêhem*": "preposition + feminine plural noun with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - from their strongholds", "*ʾel*": "preposition - to", "*YHWH*": "divine name - Yahweh/the LORD", "*ʾĕlōhênû*": "masculine plural noun with 1st person plural suffix - our God", "*yipḥādû*": "Qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine plural - they will dread/fear", "*wə*": "conjunction - and", "*yîrʾû*": "Qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine plural - they will fear", "*mimmekā*": "preposition with 2nd person masculine singular suffix - because of you" }, "variants": { "*yəlaḥăkû ʿāpār*": "they will lick dust/eat dirt", "*nāḥāš*": "serpent/snake", "*zōḥălê ʾereṣ*": "crawlers of earth/things that crawl on ground", "*yirgəzû*": "they will tremble/be agitated/come trembling", "*misgərōtêhem*": "their strongholds/fortresses/hiding places", "*yipḥādû*": "they will dread/be in awe/fear", "*yîrʾû*": "they will fear/be afraid/be in awe" } }
• Acts 4:2 : 2 { "verseID": "Acts.4.2", "source": "Διαπονούμενοι διὰ τὸ διδάσκειν αὐτοὺς τὸν λαόν, καὶ καταγγέλλειν ἐν τῷ Ἰησοῦ τὴν ἀνάστασιν τὴν ἐκ νεκρῶν.", "text": "*Diaponoumenoi* *dia* the *didaskein* them the *laon*, and *katangellein* in the *Iēsou* the *anastasin* the *ek* *nekrōn*.", "grammar": { "*Diaponoumenoi*": "present middle participle, nominative, masculine, plural - being greatly annoyed/troubled", "*dia*": "preposition + accusative - because of/on account of", "*didaskein*": "present active infinitive - to teach", "*laon*": "accusative, masculine, singular - people", "*katangellein*": "present active infinitive - to proclaim/announce", "*Iēsou*": "dative, masculine, singular - Jesus", "*anastasin*": "accusative, feminine, singular - resurrection", "*ek*": "preposition + genitive - out of/from", "*nekrōn*": "genitive, masculine, plural - dead [ones]" }, "variants": { "*Diaponoumenoi*": "being greatly troubled/distressed/annoyed/worked up", "*dia*": "because of/through/by means of", "*katangellein*": "proclaiming/announcing/declaring", "*anastasin*": "resurrection/rising up" } }
• Acts 5:24 : 24 { "verseID": "Acts.5.24", "source": "Ὡς δὲ ἤκουσαν τοὺς λόγους τούτους ὅ τε ἱερεὺς καὶ ὁ στρατηγὸς τοῦ ἱεροῦ καὶ οἱ ἀρχιερεῖς, διηπόρουν περὶ αὐτῶν τί ἂν γένοιτο τοῦτο.", "text": "When *de* *ēkousan* the *logous* these the *te* *hiereus* and the *stratēgos* of the *hierou* and the *archiereis*, *diēporoun* concerning them what might *genoito* this.", "grammar": { "*de*": "postpositive conjunction - but/and", "*ēkousan*": "aorist, active, indicative, 3rd plural - they heard", "*logous*": "accusative, masculine, plural - words", "*te*": "conjunction - and/both", "*hiereus*": "nominative, masculine, singular - priest", "*stratēgos*": "nominative, masculine, singular - captain/commander", "*hierou*": "genitive, neuter, singular - temple", "*archiereis*": "nominative, masculine, plural - chief priests", "*diēporoun*": "imperfect, active, indicative, 3rd plural - were perplexed", "*genoito*": "aorist, middle, optative, 3rd singular - might become/happen" }, "variants": { "*logous*": "words/statements/reports", "*hiereus*": "priest/temple official", "*stratēgos*": "captain/commander/chief officer", "*archiereis*": "chief priests/leading priests", "*diēporoun*": "were perplexed/were puzzled/were at a loss" } }
• Prov 30:22 : 22 { "verseID": "Proverbs.30.22", "source": "תַּֽחַת־עֶ֭בֶד כִּ֣י יִמְל֑וֹךְ וְ֝נָבָ֗ל כִּ֣י יִֽשְׂבַּֽע־לָֽחֶם׃", "text": "*taḥat*-*ʿebed* *kî* *yimlôḵ* *wenābāl* *kî* *yiśbaʿ*-*lāḥem*", "grammar": { "*taḥat*": "preposition - under/because of", "*ʿebed*": "masculine singular noun - servant/slave", "*kî*": "conjunction - when/if", "*yimlôḵ*": "qal imperfect, third masculine singular - he reigns/becomes king", "*wenābāl*": "conjunction + masculine singular adjective/noun - and a fool", "*kî*": "conjunction - when/if", "*yiśbaʿ*": "qal imperfect, third masculine singular - he is satisfied with", "*lāḥem*": "masculine singular noun - bread/food" }, "variants": { "*nābāl*": "fool/senseless person/base person", "*yiśbaʿ*-*lāḥem*": "is filled/satisfied with food/has plenty to eat" } }
• Eccl 10:7 : 7 { "verseID": "Ecclesiastes.10.7", "source": "רָאִ֥יתִי עֲבָדִ֖ים עַל־סוּסִ֑ים וְשָׂרִ֛ים הֹלְכִ֥ים כַּעֲבָדִ֖ים עַל־הָאָֽרֶץ׃", "text": "*rāʾîtî ʿăbādîm* on *sûsîm* *wə-śārîm hōləkîm* like *ʿăbādîm* on *hāʾāreṣ*", "grammar": { "*rāʾîtî*": "qal perfect 1st singular - I saw/observed", "*ʿăbādîm*": "masculine plural noun - servants/slaves", "*ʿal-sûsîm*": "preposition + masculine plural noun - on horses", "*wə-śārîm*": "conjunction + masculine plural noun - and princes/officials", "*hōləkîm*": "qal participle masculine plural - walking/going", "*ka-ʿăbādîm*": "preposition + masculine plural noun - like servants/slaves", "*ʿal-hāʾāreṣ*": "preposition + definite article + feminine singular noun - on the ground/earth" }, "variants": { "*ʿăbādîm*": "servants/slaves/workers", "*sûsîm*": "horses/steeds", "*śārîm*": "princes/officials/nobles", "*hōləkîm*": "walking/going/traveling", "*hāʾāreṣ*": "the ground/the earth/the land" } }
• Isa 15:5 : 5 { "verseID": "Isaiah.15.5", "source": "לִבִּי֙ לְמוֹאָ֣ב יִזְעָ֔ק בְּרִיחֶ֕הָ עַד־צֹ֖עַר עֶגְלַ֣ת שְׁלִשִׁיָּ֑ה כִּ֣י ׀ מַעֲלֵ֣ה הַלּוּחִ֗ית בִּבְכִי֙ יַֽעֲלֶה־בּ֔וֹ כִּ֚י דֶּ֣רֶךְ חוֹרֹנַ֔יִם זַעֲקַת־שֶׁ֖בֶר יְעֹעֵֽרוּ׃", "text": "*libbî* for *Môʾāḇ* *yizʿāq* in *bĕrîḥehâ* until-*Ṣôʿar* *ʿeḡlat* *šĕlišîyâ* *kî* *maʿălê* the *Lûḥît* in *beḵî* *yaʿăleh*-in it *kî* *dereḵ* *Ḥôrōnayim* *zaʿăqat*-*šeḇer* *yeʿōʿērû*", "grammar": { "*libbî*": "noun, masculine, singular construct with 1st singular suffix - my heart", "*Môʾāḇ*": "proper noun with preposition - for Moab", "*yizʿāq*": "qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - cries out", "*bĕrîḥehâ*": "noun, masculine, singular construct with 3rd feminine singular suffix with preposition - in her fleeing/fugitives", "*Ṣôʿar*": "proper noun - Zoar (city)", "*ʿeḡlat*": "noun, feminine, construct - heifer of", "*šĕlišîyâ*": "adjective, feminine, singular - third/three years old", "*kî*": "conjunction - for/because", "*maʿălê*": "noun, masculine, singular construct - ascent of", "*Lûḥît*": "proper noun with definite article - the Luhith", "*beḵî*": "noun, masculine, singular - weeping", "*yaʿăleh*": "qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - he goes up", "*dereḵ*": "noun, feminine, singular construct - way of/road to", "*Ḥôrōnayim*": "proper noun - Horonaim (city)", "*zaʿăqat*": "noun, feminine, singular construct - cry of", "*šeḇer*": "noun, masculine, singular - destruction/breaking", "*yeʿōʿērû*": "pilpel imperfect, 3rd masculine plural - they raise" }, "variants": { "*libbî*": "my heart/inner being", "*yizʿāq*": "cries out/shrieks", "*bĕrîḥehâ*": "her fleeing/fugitives/refugees/bars", "*ʿeḡlat šĕlišîyâ*": "heifer of three years/third heifer (possibly a place name)", "*beḵî*": "weeping/crying", "*yaʿăleh*": "he goes up/ascends", "*zaʿăqat-šeḇer*": "cry of destruction/breaking/ruin", "*yeʿōʿērû*": "they raise/lift up/rouse" } }
• Jer 48:5 : 5 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.48.5", "source": "כִּ֚י מַעֲלֵ֣ה *הלחות **הַלּוּחִ֔ית בִּבְכִ֖י יַֽעֲלֶה־בֶּ֑כִי כִּ֚י בְּמוֹרַ֣ד חוֹרֹנַ֔יִם צָרֵ֥י צַֽעֲקַת־שֶׁ֖בֶר שָׁמֵֽעוּ׃", "text": "For [at] *maʿălēh* *hallûḥîṯ* with *beḵî* he *yaʿăleh-beḵî* [ascends with weeping]; for in *môraḏ* *Ḥôrōnayim* *ṣārê* *ṣaʿăqaṯ-šeḇer* *šāmēʿû* [the adversaries have heard a cry of destruction].", "grammar": { "*kî*": "conjunction - 'for/because'", "*maʿălēh*": "noun, masculine singular construct - 'ascent of'", "*hallûḥîṯ*": "article + proper noun - 'the Luhith'", "*bi-ḇḵî*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular - 'with weeping'", "*yaʿăleh*": "Qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - 'he goes up/ascends'", "*beḵî*": "noun, masculine singular - 'weeping'", "*kî*": "conjunction - 'for/because'", "*bᵉ-môraḏ*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular construct - 'in descent of'", "*Ḥôrōnayim*": "proper noun - 'Horonaim'", "*ṣārê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - 'adversaries of/distress of'", "*ṣaʿăqaṯ-šeḇer*": "noun, feminine singular construct + noun, masculine singular - 'cry of destruction'", "*šāmēʿû*": "Qal perfect 3rd plural - 'they heard'" }, "variants": { "*maʿălēh*": "ascent/slope/going up", "*bi-ḇḵî*": "with weeping/in tears", "*yaʿăleh-beḵî*": "ascends with weeping/goes up in tears", "*môraḏ*": "descent/slope/going down", "*ṣārê*": "adversaries/enemies/distresses", "*ṣaʿăqaṯ-šeḇer*": "cry of destruction/outcry of breaking" } }
• Jer 48:34 : 34 { "verseID": "Jeremiah.48.34", "source": "מִזַּעֲקַ֨ת חֶשְׁבּ֜וֹן עַד־אֶלְעָלֵ֗ה עַד־יַ֙הַץ֙ נָתְנ֣וּ קוֹלָ֔ם מִצֹּ֙עַר֙ עַד־חֹ֣רֹנַ֔יִם עֶגְלַ֖ת שְׁלִֽשִׁיָּ֑ה כִּ֚י גַּם־מֵ֣י נִמְרִ֔ים לִמְשַׁמּ֖וֹת יִהְיֽוּ׃", "text": "From *zaʿaqat* *ḥešbôn* unto *ʾelʿālēh* unto *yahaṣ* *nātnû* *qôlām* from *ṣōʿar* unto *ḥōrōnayim* *ʿeglat* *šelišîyâ* because also *mê* *nimrîm* to *mešammôt* *yihyû*", "grammar": { "*zaʿaqat*": "noun, feminine singular, construct - cry of", "*ḥešbôn*": "proper noun - Heshbon (city)", "*ʾelʿālēh*": "proper noun - Elealeh (city)", "*yahaṣ*": "proper noun - Jahaz (city)", "*nātnû*": "perfect, 3rd common plural - they have given", "*qôlām*": "noun with possessive suffix, masculine singular - their voice", "*ṣōʿar*": "proper noun - Zoar (city)", "*ḥōrōnayim*": "proper noun - Horonaim (city)", "*ʿeglat*": "noun, feminine singular, construct - heifer of", "*šelišîyâ*": "adjective, feminine singular - three year old", "*mê*": "noun, masculine plural, construct - waters of", "*nimrîm*": "proper noun - Nimrim", "*mešammôt*": "noun, feminine plural - desolations", "*yihyû*": "qal imperfect, 3rd masculine plural - they will be" }, "variants": { "*zaʿaqat*": "cry/outcry/scream", "*nātnû*": "they have given/uttered/raised", "*qôlām*": "their voice/sound", "*ʿeglat šelišîyâ*": "heifer of three years old/third heifer", "*mê*": "waters/streams", "*mešammôt*": "desolations/wastes/ruins", "*yihyû*": "they will be/become/exist" } }
• Num 22:3-4 : 3 { "verseID": "Numbers.22.3", "source": "וַיָּ֨גָר מוֹאָ֜ב מִפְּנֵ֥י הָעָ֛ם מְאֹ֖ד כִּ֣י רַב־ה֑וּא וַיָּ֣קָץ מוֹאָ֔ב מִפְּנֵ֖י בְּנֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃", "text": "*wə-yāgār* *môʾāb* from-*pənê* the-*ʿām* very because *rab*-*hûʾ* *wə-yāqāṣ* *môʾāb* from-*pənê* *bənê* *yiśrāʾēl*", "grammar": { "*wə-yāgār*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular - and he/it feared", "*môʾāb*": "proper noun - Moab (collective for the people)", "*pənê*": "plural construct of *pānîm* - face/presence of", "*ʿām*": "masculine singular with definite article - the people", "*rab*": "adjective masculine singular - many/numerous", "*hûʾ*": "3rd person masculine singular pronoun - he/it", "*wə-yāqāṣ*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular - and he/it loathed/abhorred", "*bənê*": "construct masculine plural of *bēn* - sons of", "*yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel" }, "variants": { "*wə-yāgār*": "and he/it dreaded/was afraid/was in fear", "*pənê*": "before/because of/from the presence of", "*rab*": "great/numerous/abundant/many", "*wə-yāqāṣ*": "and he/it felt disgust/loathed/abhorred/was distressed" } } 4 { "verseID": "Numbers.22.4", "source": "וַיֹּ֨אמֶר מוֹאָ֜ב אֶל־זִקְנֵ֣י מִדְיָ֗ן עַתָּ֞ה יְלַחֲכ֤וּ הַקָּהָל֙ אֶת־כָּל־סְבִ֣יבֹתֵ֔ינוּ כִּלְחֹ֣ךְ הַשּׁ֔וֹר אֵ֖ת יֶ֣רֶק הַשָּׂדֶ֑ה וּבָלָ֧ק בֶּן־צִפּ֛וֹר מֶ֥לֶךְ לְמוֹאָ֖ב בָּעֵ֥ת הַהִֽוא׃", "text": "*wə-yōʾmer* *môʾāb* to-*ziqnê* *midyān* *ʿattâ* *yəlaḥăkû* the-*qāhāl* *ʾet*-all-*səbîbōtênû* as-*lilḥōk* the-*šôr* *ʾet* *yereq* the-*śādeh* and-*bālāq* *ben*-*ṣippôr* *melek* to-*môʾāb* in-the-*ʿēt* the-*hîʾ*", "grammar": { "*wə-yōʾmer*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular - and he/it said", "*môʾāb*": "proper noun - Moab (collective for the people)", "*ziqnê*": "masculine plural construct of *zāqēn* - elders of", "*midyān*": "proper noun - Midian", "*ʿattâ*": "adverb - now", "*yəlaḥăkû*": "piel imperfect 3rd person masculine plural - they will lick up", "*qāhāl*": "masculine singular with definite article - the assembly/congregation", "*səbîbōtênû*": "feminine plural noun with 1st person plural suffix - our surroundings", "*lilḥōk*": "qal infinitive construct - licking/to lick", "*šôr*": "masculine singular with definite article - the ox", "*yereq*": "masculine singular construct - greenery of", "*śādeh*": "masculine singular with definite article - the field", "*bālāq*": "proper noun - Balak", "*ben*": "masculine singular construct - son of", "*ṣippôr*": "proper noun - Zippor", "*melek*": "masculine singular - king", "*môʾāb*": "proper noun - Moab", "*ʿēt*": "feminine singular with definite article - the time", "*hîʾ*": "feminine singular demonstrative - that" }, "variants": { "*yəlaḥăkû*": "will lick up/consume/devour", "*qāhāl*": "assembly/congregation/crowd/multitude", "*səbîbōtênû*": "our surroundings/vicinity/all around us", "*yereq*": "greenery/vegetation/grass", "*ʿēt*": "time/period" } }
• Ezra 4:4-9 : 4 { "verseID": "Ezra.4.4", "source": "וַיְהִי֙ עַם־הָאָ֔רֶץ מְרַפִּ֖ים יְדֵ֣י עַם־יְהוּדָ֑ה *ומבלהים **וּֽמְבַהֲלִ֥ים אוֹתָ֖ם לִבְנֽוֹת׃", "text": "And *wayᵉhî* *ʿam*-the *hāʾāreṣ* *mᵉrappîm* *yᵉdê* *ʿam*-*yᵉhûdāh* and *ûmᵉbahălîm* them to *libnôt*.", "grammar": { "*wayᵉhî*": "waw-consecutive + qal imperfect, 3rd singular - and it happened/became", "*ʿam*": "noun, masculine singular construct - people of", "*hāʾāreṣ*": "definite article + noun, feminine singular - the land", "*mᵉrappîm*": "piel participle, masculine plural - weakening", "*yᵉdê*": "noun, feminine plural construct - hands of", "*ʿam*": "noun, masculine singular construct - people of", "*yᵉhûdāh*": "proper noun - Judah", "*ûmᵉbahălîm*": "waw-conjunction + piel participle, masculine plural - and terrifying/frightening", "*libnôt*": "qal infinitive construct - to build" }, "variants": { "*mᵉrappîm*": "weakening/discouraging/making feeble", "*ûmᵉbahălîm*": "terrifying/troubling/frightening/making afraid", "*libnôt*": "to build/to construct" } } 5 { "verseID": "Ezra.4.5", "source": "וְסֹכְרִ֧ים עֲלֵיהֶ֛ם יוֹעֲצִ֖ים לְהָפֵ֣ר עֲצָתָ֑ם כָּל־יְמֵ֗י כּ֚וֹרֶשׁ מֶ֣לֶךְ פָּרַ֔ס וְעַד־מַלְכ֖וּת דָּרְיָ֥וֶשׁ מֶֽלֶךְ־פָּרָֽס׃", "text": "And *wᵉsōkᵉrîm* against them *yôʿăṣîm* to *lᵉhāpēr* their *ʿăṣātām* all *yᵉmê* *kôreš* *melek* *pāras* and until *malkût* *dārᵉyāweš* *melek*-*pārās*.", "grammar": { "*wᵉsōkᵉrîm*": "waw-conjunction + qal participle, masculine plural - and hiring", "*yôʿăṣîm*": "noun, masculine plural - counselors/advisers", "*lᵉhāpēr*": "preposition + hiphil infinitive construct - to frustrate/annul", "*ʿăṣātām*": "noun, feminine singular + 3rd masculine plural suffix - their plan/counsel", "*yᵉmê*": "construct noun, masculine plural - days of", "*kôreš*": "proper noun - Cyrus", "*melek*": "noun, masculine singular construct - king of", "*pāras*": "proper noun - Persia", "*malkût*": "noun, feminine singular construct - kingdom of/reign of", "*dārᵉyāweš*": "proper noun - Darius", "*melek*": "noun, masculine singular construct - king of", "*pārās*": "proper noun - Persia" }, "variants": { "*wᵉsōkᵉrîm*": "hiring/bribing", "*yôʿăṣîm*": "counselors/advisers", "*lᵉhāpēr*": "to frustrate/to annul/to break/to make ineffective", "*ʿăṣātām*": "their plan/their purpose/their counsel" } } 6 { "verseID": "Ezra.4.6", "source": "וּבְמַלְכוּת֙ אֲחַשְׁוֵר֔וֹשׁ בִּתְחִלַּ֖ת מַלְכוּת֑וֹ כָּתְב֣וּ שִׂטְנָ֔ה עַל־יֹשְׁבֵ֥י יְהוּדָ֖ה וִירוּשָׁלָֽ͏ִם׃ ס", "text": "And in *ûbᵉmalkût* *ʾăḥašwērôš*, in *bitᵉḥillat* his *malkûtô* they *kātᵉbû* *śiṭᵉnāh* against *yōšᵉbê* *yᵉhûdāh* and *wirûšālāim*.", "grammar": { "*ûbᵉmalkût*": "waw-conjunction + preposition + noun, feminine singular construct - and in the reign of", "*ʾăḥašwērôš*": "proper noun - Ahasuerus (Xerxes)", "*bitᵉḥillat*": "preposition + noun, feminine singular construct - in the beginning of", "*malkûtô*": "noun, feminine singular + 3rd masculine singular suffix - his reign", "*kātᵉbû*": "qal perfect, 3rd plural - they wrote", "*śiṭᵉnāh*": "noun, feminine singular - accusation", "*yōšᵉbê*": "qal participle, masculine plural construct - dwellers of/inhabitants of", "*yᵉhûdāh*": "proper noun - Judah", "*wirûšālāim*": "waw-conjunction + proper noun - and Jerusalem" }, "variants": { "*śiṭᵉnāh*": "accusation/complaint/charge", "*yōšᵉbê*": "inhabitants/dwellers/residents" } } 7 { "verseID": "Ezra.4.7", "source": "וּבִימֵ֣י אַרְתַּחְשַׁ֗שְׂתָּא כָּתַ֨ב בִּשְׁלָ֜ם מִתְרְדָ֤ת טָֽבְאֵל֙ וּשְׁאָ֣ר *כנותו **כְּנָוֺתָ֔יו עַל־*ארתחששתא **אַרְתַּחְשַׁ֖שְׂתְּ מֶ֣לֶךְ פָּרָ֑ס וּכְתָב֙ הַֽנִּשְׁתְּוָ֔ן כָּת֥וּב אֲרָמִ֖ית וּמְתֻרְגָּ֥ם אֲרָמִֽית׃ פ", "text": "And in days of *ûbîmê* *ʾartaḥšaśtāʾ* wrote *kātab* *bišlām* *mitᵉrᵉdāt* *ṭābᵉʾēl* and rest *ûšᵉʾār* his *kᵉnāwōtāyw* to *ʾartaḥšaśt* *melek* *pārās*; and writing of the *ûkᵉtāb* the *hanništᵉwān* written *kātûb* *ʾărāmît* and translated *ûmᵉturgām* *ʾărāmît*.", "grammar": { "*ûbîmê*": "waw-conjunction + preposition + construct noun, masculine plural - and in days of", "*ʾartaḥšaśtāʾ*": "proper noun - Artaxerxes", "*kātab*": "qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - wrote", "*bišlām*": "proper noun - Bishlam", "*mitᵉrᵉdāt*": "proper noun - Mithredath", "*ṭābᵉʾēl*": "proper noun - Tabeel", "*ûšᵉʾār*": "waw-conjunction + noun, masculine singular - and rest of", "*kᵉnāwōtāyw*": "noun, masculine plural + 3rd masculine singular suffix - his colleagues/associates", "*ʾartaḥšaśt*": "proper noun - Artaxerxes", "*melek*": "noun, masculine singular construct - king of", "*pārās*": "proper noun - Persia", "*ûkᵉtāb*": "waw-conjunction + noun, masculine singular construct - and writing of", "*hanništᵉwān*": "definite article + noun, masculine singular - the letter", "*kātûb*": "qal passive participle, masculine singular - written", "*ʾărāmît*": "noun, feminine singular - Aramaic", "*ûmᵉturgām*": "waw-conjunction + pual participle, masculine singular - and translated", "*ʾărāmît*": "noun, feminine singular - Aramaic" }, "variants": { "*kᵉnāwōtāyw*": "his colleagues/his associates/his companions", "*hanništᵉwān*": "the letter/the document/the dispatch" } } 8 { "verseID": "Ezra.4.8", "source": "רְח֣וּם בְּעֵל־טְעֵ֗ם וְשִׁמְשַׁי֙ סָֽפְרָ֔א כְּתַ֛בוּ אִגְּרָ֥ה חֲדָ֖ה עַל־יְרוּשְׁלֶ֑ם לְאַרְתַּחְשַׁ֥שְׂתְּא מַלְכָּ֖א כְּנֵֽמָא׃", "text": "*rᵉḥûm* *bᵉʿēl*-*ṭᵉʿēm* and *wᵉšimšay* *sāpᵉrāʾ* they wrote *kᵉtabû* *ʾiggᵉrāh* one *ḥădāh* against *yᵉrûšᵉlem* to *lᵉʾartaḥšaśtᵉʾ* *malkāʾ* as follows *kᵉnēmāʾ*.", "grammar": { "*rᵉḥûm*": "proper noun - Rehum", "*bᵉʿēl*": "noun, masculine singular construct - lord of/master of", "*ṭᵉʿēm*": "noun, masculine singular - decree/command", "*wᵉšimšay*": "waw-conjunction + proper noun - and Shimshai", "*sāpᵉrāʾ*": "noun, masculine singular with Aramaic definite article - the scribe", "*kᵉtabû*": "peal perfect, 3rd plural - they wrote", "*ʾiggᵉrāh*": "noun, feminine singular - letter", "*ḥădāh*": "numeral, feminine singular - one", "*yᵉrûšᵉlem*": "proper noun - Jerusalem", "*lᵉʾartaḥšaśtᵉʾ*": "preposition + proper noun - to Artaxerxes", "*malkāʾ*": "noun, masculine singular with Aramaic definite article - the king", "*kᵉnēmāʾ*": "adverb - as follows/thus" }, "variants": { "*bᵉʿēl*-*ṭᵉʿēm*": "commander/lord of command/official", "*sāpᵉrāʾ*": "the scribe/the secretary", "*ʾiggᵉrāh*": "letter/document/dispatch" } } 9 { "verseID": "Ezra.4.9", "source": "אֱדַ֜יִן רְח֣וּם בְּעֵל־טְעֵ֗ם וְשִׁמְשַׁי֙ סָֽפְרָ֔א וּשְׁאָ֖ר כְּנָוָתְה֑וֹן דִּ֠ינָיֵא וַאֲפַרְסַתְכָיֵ֞א טַרְפְּלָיֵ֣א אֲפָֽרְסָיֵ֗א *ארכוי **אַרְכְּוָיֵ֤א בָבְלָיֵא֙ שֽׁוּשַׁנְכָיֵ֔א *דהוא **דֶּהָיֵ֖א עֵלְמָיֵֽא׃", "text": "Then *ʾĕdayin* *rᵉḥûm* *bᵉʿēl*-*ṭᵉʿēm* and *wᵉšimšay* *sāpᵉrāʾ* and rest *ûšᵉʾār* their *kᵉnāwātᵉhôn*: the *dînāyēʾ* and the *waʾăparsatᵉkāyēʾ* the *ṭarpᵉlāyēʾ* the *ʾăpārsāyēʾ* the *ʾarkᵉwāyēʾ* the *bābᵉlāyēʾ* the *šûšankāyēʾ* the *dehāyēʾ* the *ʿēlᵉmāyēʾ*.", "grammar": { "*ʾĕdayin*": "adverb - then", "*rᵉḥûm*": "proper noun - Rehum", "*bᵉʿēl*": "noun, masculine singular construct - lord of/master of", "*ṭᵉʿēm*": "noun, masculine singular - decree/command", "*wᵉšimšay*": "waw-conjunction + proper noun - and Shimshai", "*sāpᵉrāʾ*": "noun, masculine singular with Aramaic definite article - the scribe", "*ûšᵉʾār*": "waw-conjunction + noun, masculine singular - and rest of", "*kᵉnāwātᵉhôn*": "noun, masculine plural + 3rd masculine plural suffix - their colleagues", "*dînāyēʾ*": "gentilic plural - the Dinaites", "*waʾăparsatᵉkāyēʾ*": "waw-conjunction + gentilic plural - and the Apharsathchites", "*ṭarpᵉlāyēʾ*": "gentilic plural - the Tarpelites", "*ʾăpārsāyēʾ*": "gentilic plural - the Apharsites", "*ʾarkᵉwāyēʾ*": "gentilic plural - the Archevites", "*bābᵉlāyēʾ*": "gentilic plural - the Babylonians", "*šûšankāyēʾ*": "gentilic plural - the Susanchites", "*dehāyēʾ*": "gentilic plural - the Dehaites", "*ʿēlᵉmāyēʾ*": "gentilic plural - the Elamites" }, "variants": { "*bᵉʿēl*-*ṭᵉʿēm*": "commander/lord of command/official", "*kᵉnāwātᵉhôn*": "their colleagues/their associates/their companions" } } 10 { "verseID": "Ezra.4.10", "source": "וּשְׁאָ֣ר אֻמַּיָּ֗א דִּ֤י הַגְלִי֙ אָסְנַפַּר֙ רַבָּ֣א וְיַקִּירָ֔א וְהוֹתֵ֣ב הִמּ֔וֹ בְּקִרְיָ֖ה דִּ֣י שָׁמְרָ֑יִן וּשְׁאָ֥ר עֲבַֽר־נַהֲרָ֖ה וּכְעֶֽנֶת׃", "text": "And rest *ûšᵉʾār* *ʾummāyāʾ* that *dî* *haglî* *ʾāsnappar* the great *rabbāʾ* and the honorable *wᵉyaqqîrāʾ* and settled *wᵉhôtēb* them *himmô* in city *bᵉqiryāh* of *dî* *šāmᵉrāyin* and rest *ûšᵉʾār* of *ʿăbar*-*nahărāh* and now *ûkᵉʿenet*.", "grammar": { "*ûšᵉʾār*": "waw-conjunction + noun, masculine singular - and rest of", "*ʾummāyāʾ*": "noun, masculine plural with Aramaic definite article - the peoples/nations", "*dî*": "relative particle - that/whom", "*haglî*": "haphel perfect, 3rd masculine singular - exiled/transported", "*ʾāsnappar*": "proper noun - Osnappar (Ashurbanipal)", "*rabbāʾ*": "adjective, masculine singular with Aramaic definite article - the great", "*wᵉyaqqîrāʾ*": "waw-conjunction + adjective, masculine singular with Aramaic definite article - and the honorable", "*wᵉhôtēb*": "waw-conjunction + haphel perfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he settled", "*himmô*": "3rd masculine plural pronoun - them", "*bᵉqiryāh*": "preposition + noun, feminine singular construct - in city of", "*dî*": "relative particle - of", "*šāmᵉrāyin*": "proper noun - Samaria", "*ûšᵉʾār*": "waw-conjunction + noun, masculine singular construct - and rest of", "*ʿăbar*": "noun, masculine singular construct - beyond", "*nahărāh*": "noun, masculine singular with Aramaic definite article - the river", "*ûkᵉʿenet*": "waw-conjunction + adverb - and now" }, "variants": { "*haglî*": "exiled/transported/deported", "*ʾāsnappar*": "Osnappar/Ashurbanipal", "*wᵉhôtēb*": "settled/caused to dwell/relocated", "*ʿăbar*-*nahărāh*": "beyond the River/Trans-Euphrates" } } 11 { "verseID": "Ezra.4.11", "source": "דְּנָה֙ פַּרְשֶׁ֣גֶן אִגַּרְתָּ֔א דִּ֚י שְׁלַ֣חוּ עֲל֔וֹהִי עַל־אַרְתַּחְשַׁ֖שְׂתְּא מַלְכָּ֑א עַבְדָ֛יךְ אֱנָ֥שׁ עֲבַֽר־נַהֲרָ֖ה וּכְעֶֽנֶת׃ פ", "text": "This *dᵉnāh* *paršegen* *ʾiggartāʾ* which *dî* they sent *šᵉlaḥû* to him *ʿălôhî* to *ʾartaḥšaśtᵉʾ* *malkāʾ*: Your servants *ʿabdāyk* men *ʾĕnāš* *ʿăbar*-*nahărāh* and now *ûkᵉʿenet*.", "grammar": { "*dᵉnāh*": "demonstrative pronoun, masculine singular - this", "*paršegen*": "noun, masculine singular construct - copy of", "*ʾiggartāʾ*": "noun, feminine singular with Aramaic definite article - the letter", "*dî*": "relative particle - which", "*šᵉlaḥû*": "peal perfect, 3rd plural - they sent", "*ʿălôhî*": "preposition + 3rd masculine singular suffix - to him", "*ʾartaḥšaśtᵉʾ*": "proper noun - Artaxerxes", "*malkāʾ*": "noun, masculine singular with Aramaic definite article - the king", "*ʿabdāyk*": "noun, masculine plural + 2nd masculine singular suffix - your servants", "*ʾĕnāš*": "noun, masculine singular construct - men of", "*ʿăbar*": "noun, masculine singular construct - beyond", "*nahărāh*": "noun, masculine singular with Aramaic definite article - the river", "*ûkᵉʿenet*": "waw-conjunction + adverb - and now" }, "variants": { "*paršegen*": "copy/transcript", "*ʾiggartāʾ*": "letter/document/dispatch", "*ʿăbar*-*nahărāh*": "beyond the River/Trans-Euphrates" } } 12 { "verseID": "Ezra.4.12", "source": "יְדִ֙יעַ֙ לֶהֱוֵ֣א לְמַלְכָּ֔א דִּ֣י יְהוּדָיֵ֗א דִּ֤י סְלִ֙קוּ֙ מִן־לְוָתָ֔ךְ עֲלֶ֥ינָא אֲת֖וֹ לִירוּשְׁלֶ֑ם קִרְיְתָ֨א מָֽרָדְתָּ֤א *ובאישתא **וּבִֽישְׁתָּא֙ בָּנַ֔יִן *ושורי **וְשׁוּרַיָּ֣א *אשכללו **שַׁכְלִ֔ילוּ וְאֻשַּׁיָּ֖א יַחִֽיטוּ׃", "text": "Let it be known *yᵉdîaʿ* *lehĕwēʾ* to the *lᵉmalkāʾ* that *dî* the *yᵉhûdāyēʾ* who *dî* came up *sᵉliqû* from *min*-with you *lᵉwātāk* to us *ʿălênāʾ* have come *ʾătô* to *lîrûšᵉlem*, the city *qiryᵉtāʾ* rebellious *mārādᵉtāʾ* and evil *ûbîšᵉtāʾ* they are building *bānāyin*, and the walls *wᵉšûrayyāʾ* they have completed *šaklîlû* and the foundations *wᵉʾuššayyāʾ* they have repaired *yaḥîṭû*.", "grammar": { "*yᵉdîaʿ*": "peal passive participle, masculine singular - known", "*lehĕwēʾ*": "preposition + peal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular jussive - let it be", "*lᵉmalkāʾ*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular with Aramaic definite article - to the king", "*dî*": "relative particle - that", "*yᵉhûdāyēʾ*": "gentilic plural with Aramaic definite article - the Jews", "*dî*": "relative particle - who", "*sᵉliqû*": "peal perfect, 3rd plural - came up/went up", "*min*": "preposition - from", "*lᵉwātāk*": "preposition + 2nd masculine singular suffix - with you", "*ʿălênāʾ*": "preposition + 1st plural suffix - to us", "*ʾătô*": "peal perfect, 3rd plural - have come", "*lîrûšᵉlem*": "preposition + proper noun - to Jerusalem", "*qiryᵉtāʾ*": "noun, feminine singular with Aramaic definite article - the city", "*mārādᵉtāʾ*": "adjective, feminine singular with Aramaic definite article - the rebellious", "*ûbîšᵉtāʾ*": "waw-conjunction + adjective, feminine singular with Aramaic definite article - and the evil", "*bānāyin*": "peal participle, masculine plural - building", "*wᵉšûrayyāʾ*": "waw-conjunction + noun, feminine plural with Aramaic definite article - and the walls", "*šaklîlû*": "peal perfect, 3rd plural - they have completed", "*wᵉʾuššayyāʾ*": "waw-conjunction + noun, feminine plural with Aramaic definite article - and the foundations", "*yaḥîṭû*": "peal perfect, 3rd plural - they have repaired" }, "variants": { "*sᵉliqû*": "came up/went up/ascended", "*qiryᵉtāʾ*": "city/town", "*mārādᵉtāʾ*": "rebellious/seditious", "*bānāyin*": "building/constructing", "*šaklîlû*": "completed/finished/restored", "*yaḥîṭû*": "repaired/joined together/fixed" } } 13 { "verseID": "Ezra.4.13", "source": "כְּעַ֗ן יְדִ֙יעַ֙ לֶהֱוֵ֣א לְמַלְכָּ֔א דִּ֠י הֵ֣ן קִרְיְתָ֥א דָךְ֙ תִּתְבְּנֵ֔א וְשׁוּרַיָּ֖ה יִֽשְׁתַּכְלְל֑וּן מִנְדָּֽה־בְל֤וֹ וַהֲלָךְ֙ לָ֣א יִנְתְּנ֔וּן וְאַפְּתֹ֥ם מַלְכִ֖ים תְּהַנְזִֽק׃", "text": "Now *kᵉʿan* let it be known *yᵉdîaʿ* *lehĕwēʾ* to the *lᵉmalkāʾ* that *dî* if *hēn* city *qiryᵉtāʾ* this *dāk* is built *titbᵉnēʾ* and its walls *wᵉšûrayyāh* are completed *yištakᵉlᵉlûn*, tax *mindāh*-toll *bᵉlô* and custom *wahălāk* they will not *lāʾ* give *yintᵉnûn*, and revenue of *wᵉʾappᵉtōm* kings *malkîm* will be damaged *tᵉhanziq*.", "grammar": { "*kᵉʿan*": "adverb - now", "*yᵉdîaʿ*": "peal passive participle, masculine singular - known", "*lehĕwēʾ*": "preposition + peal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular jussive - let it be", "*lᵉmalkāʾ*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular with Aramaic definite article - to the king", "*dî*": "relative particle - that", "*hēn*": "conditional particle - if", "*qiryᵉtāʾ*": "noun, feminine singular with Aramaic definite article - the city", "*dāk*": "demonstrative pronoun, feminine singular - this", "*titbᵉnēʾ*": "hitpeel imperfect, 3rd feminine singular - is built", "*wᵉšûrayyāh*": "waw-conjunction + noun, feminine plural + 3rd feminine singular suffix - and its walls", "*yištakᵉlᵉlûn*": "hitpaal imperfect, 3rd masculine plural - are completed", "*mindāh*": "noun, feminine singular - tax", "*bᵉlô*": "noun, masculine singular - toll/tribute", "*wahălāk*": "waw-conjunction + noun, masculine singular - and custom/duty", "*lāʾ*": "negative particle - not", "*yintᵉnûn*": "peal imperfect, 3rd masculine plural - they will give", "*wᵉʾappᵉtōm*": "waw-conjunction + noun, masculine singular construct - and revenue of", "*malkîm*": "noun, masculine plural - kings", "*tᵉhanziq*": "haphel imperfect, 3rd feminine singular - will be damaged" }, "variants": { "*qiryᵉtāʾ*": "city/town", "*titbᵉnēʾ*": "is built/will be built", "*yištakᵉlᵉlûn*": "are completed/will be restored/finished", "*mindāh*": "tax/tribute", "*bᵉlô*": "toll/tribute", "*wahălāk*": "custom/duty", "*tᵉhanziq*": "will be damaged/will suffer harm" } } 14 { "verseID": "Ezra.4.14", "source": "כְּעַ֗ן כָּל־קֳבֵל֙ דִּֽי־מְלַ֤ח הֵֽיכְלָא֙ מְלַ֔חְנָא וְעַרְוַ֣ת מַלְכָּ֔א לָ֥א אֲ‍ֽרִֽיךְ‪[c]‬ לַ֖נָא לְמֶֽחֱזֵ֑א עַ֨ל־דְּנָ֔ה שְׁלַ֖חְנָא וְהוֹדַ֥עְנָא לְמַלְכָּֽא׃", "text": "Now *kᵉʿan* because *kāl*-*qŏbēl* that *dî*-salt of *mᵉlaḥ* the *hêkᵉlāʾ* we eat *mᵉlaḥnāʾ* and dishonor of *wᵉʿarwat* the *malkāʾ* not *lāʾ* proper *ʾărîk* for us *lanāʾ* to *lᵉmeḥĕzēʾ*; therefore *ʿal*-*dᵉnāh* we have sent *šᵉlaḥnāʾ* and informed *wᵉhôdaʿnāʾ* the *lᵉmalkāʾ*.", "grammar": { "*kᵉʿan*": "adverb - now", "*kāl*": "noun, masculine singular construct - all of", "*qŏbēl*": "preposition - because", "*dî*": "relative particle - that", "*mᵉlaḥ*": "noun, masculine singular construct - salt of", "*hêkᵉlāʾ*": "noun, masculine singular with Aramaic definite article - the palace", "*mᵉlaḥnāʾ*": "peal perfect, 1st plural - we eat/have eaten", "*wᵉʿarwat*": "waw-conjunction + noun, feminine singular construct - and nakedness of/dishonor of", "*malkāʾ*": "noun, masculine singular with Aramaic definite article - the king", "*lāʾ*": "negative particle - not", "*ʾărîk*": "adjective, masculine singular - fitting/appropriate", "*lanāʾ*": "preposition + 1st plural suffix - for us", "*lᵉmeḥĕzēʾ*": "preposition + peal infinitive - to see", "*ʿal*": "preposition - because of", "*dᵉnāh*": "demonstrative pronoun, masculine singular - this", "*šᵉlaḥnāʾ*": "peal perfect, 1st plural - we have sent", "*wᵉhôdaʿnāʾ*": "waw-conjunction + haphel perfect, 1st plural - and we have informed", "*lᵉmalkāʾ*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular with Aramaic definite article - to the king" }, "variants": { "*mᵉlaḥ* *hêkᵉlāʾ* *mᵉlaḥnāʾ*": "we eat the salt of the palace/we are dependent on the king's provision", "*wᵉʿarwat* *malkāʾ*": "dishonor of the king/injury to the king", "*ʾărîk*": "fitting/proper/appropriate" } } 15 { "verseID": "Ezra.4.15", "source": "דִּ֡י יְבַקַּר֩ בִּֽסְפַר־דָּכְרָ֨נַיָּ֜א דִּ֣י אֲבָהָתָ֗ךְ וּ֠תְהַשְׁכַּח בִּסְפַ֣ר דָּכְרָנַיָּא֮ וְתִנְדַּע֒ דִּי֩ קִרְיְתָ֨א דָ֜ךְ קִרְיָ֣א מָֽרָדָ֗א וּֽמְהַנְזְקַ֤ת מַלְכִין֙ וּמְדִנָ֔ן וְאֶשְׁתַּדּוּר֙ עָבְדִ֣ין בְּגַוַּ֔הּ מִן־יוֹמָ֖ת עָלְמָ֑א עַ֨ל־דְּנָ֔ה קִרְיְתָ֥א דָ֖ךְ הָֽחָרְבַֽת׃", "text": "That *dî* let search be made *yᵉbaqqar* in *bispᵉphar*-*dākrānayyāʾ* of *dî* your *ʾăbāhātāk* and you will find *ûtᵉhaškạḥ* in *bispᵉphar* *dākrānayyāʾ* and learn *wᵉtindaʿ* that *dî* city *qiryᵉtāʾ* this *dāk* a city *qiryāʾ* rebellious *mārādāʾ* and harmful *ûmᵉhanzᵉqat* to kings *malkîn* and provinces *ûmᵉdînān*, and rebellion *wᵉʾeštaddûr* they make *ʿābdîn* within it *bᵉgawwạh* from *min*-days *yômāt* ancient *ʿālᵉmāʾ*; on account of which *ʿal*-*dᵉnāh* city *qiryᵉtāʾ* this *dāk* was destroyed *hāḥārbat*.", "grammar": { "*dî*": "relative particle - that", "*yᵉbaqqar*": "pael imperfect, 3rd masculine singular jussive - let him search", "*bispᵉphar*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular construct - in book of", "*dākrānayyāʾ*": "noun, masculine plural with Aramaic definite article - the records", "*dî*": "relative particle - of", "*ʾăbāhātāk*": "noun, masculine plural + 2nd masculine singular suffix - your fathers", "*ûtᵉhaškạḥ*": "waw-conjunction + haphel imperfect, 2nd masculine singular - and you will find", "*bispᵉphar*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular construct - in book of", "*dākrānayyāʾ*": "noun, masculine plural with Aramaic definite article - the records", "*wᵉtindaʿ*": "waw-conjunction + peal imperfect, 2nd masculine singular - and you will know", "*dî*": "relative particle - that", "*qiryᵉtāʾ*": "noun, feminine singular with Aramaic definite article - the city", "*dāk*": "demonstrative pronoun, feminine singular - this", "*qiryāʾ*": "noun, feminine singular with Aramaic definite article - a city", "*mārādāʾ*": "adjective, feminine singular - rebellious", "*ûmᵉhanzᵉqat*": "waw-conjunction + haphel participle, feminine singular construct - and causing harm to", "*malkîn*": "noun, masculine plural - kings", "*ûmᵉdînān*": "waw-conjunction + noun, feminine plural - and provinces", "*wᵉʾeštaddûr*": "waw-conjunction + hitpaal infinitive - and rebellion", "*ʿābdîn*": "peal participle, masculine plural - making", "*bᵉgawwạh*": "preposition + noun + 3rd feminine singular suffix - within it", "*min*": "preposition - from", "*yômāt*": "construct noun, masculine plural - days of", "*ʿālᵉmāʾ*": "noun, masculine singular - ancient/eternal", "*ʿal*": "preposition - on account of", "*dᵉnāh*": "demonstrative pronoun, masculine singular - this", "*qiryᵉtāʾ*": "noun, feminine singular with Aramaic definite article - the city", "*dāk*": "demonstrative pronoun, feminine singular - this", "*hāḥārbat*": "hophal perfect, 3rd feminine singular - was destroyed/laid waste" }, "variants": { "*dākrānayyāʾ*": "records/annals/chronicles", "*mārādāʾ*": "rebellious/seditious", "*ûmᵉhanzᵉqat*": "harmful to/injuring/damaging", "*wᵉʾeštaddûr*": "rebellion/sedition/insurrection", "*ʿālᵉmāʾ*": "ancient/eternal/long-standing", "*hāḥārbat*": "was destroyed/laid waste/devastated" } } 16 { "verseID": "Ezra.4.16", "source": "מְהוֹדְעִ֤ין אֲנַ֙חְנָה֙ לְמַלְכָּ֔א דִּ֠י הֵ֣ן קִרְיְתָ֥א דָךְ֙ תִּתְבְּנֵ֔א וְשׁוּרַיָּ֖ה יִֽשְׁתַּכְלְל֑וּן לָקֳבֵ֣ל דְּנָ֔ה חֲלָק֙ בַּעֲבַ֣ר נַהֲרָ֔א לָ֥א אִיתַ֖י לָֽךְ׃ פ", "text": "We inform *mᵉhôdᵉʿîn* *ʾănaḥnāh* to the *lᵉmalkāʾ* that *dî* if *hēn* city *qiryᵉtāʾ* this *dāk* is built *titbᵉnēʾ* and its walls *wᵉšûrayyāh* are completed *yištakᵉlᵉlûn*, then on account of *lāqŏbēl* this *dᵉnāh* no portion *ḥălāq* in *baʿăbar* *nahărāʾ* will not *lāʾ* be *ʾîtay* to you *lāk*.", "grammar": { "*mᵉhôdᵉʿîn*": "haphel participle, masculine plural - informing", "*ʾănaḥnāh*": "1st person plural pronoun - we", "*lᵉmalkāʾ*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular with Aramaic definite article - to the king", "*dî*": "relative particle - that", "*hēn*": "conditional particle - if", "*qiryᵉtāʾ*": "noun, feminine singular with Aramaic definite article - the city", "*dāk*": "demonstrative pronoun, feminine singular - this", "*titbᵉnēʾ*": "hitpeel imperfect, 3rd feminine singular - is built", "*wᵉšûrayyāh*": "waw-conjunction + noun, feminine plural + 3rd feminine singular suffix - and its walls", "*yištakᵉlᵉlûn*": "hitpaal imperfect, 3rd masculine plural - are completed", "*lāqŏbēl*": "preposition - on account of/because of", "*dᵉnāh*": "demonstrative pronoun, masculine singular - this", "*ḥălāq*": "noun, masculine singular - portion/share", "*baʿăbar*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular construct - in beyond", "*nahărāʾ*": "noun, masculine singular with Aramaic definite article - the river", "*lāʾ*": "negative particle - not", "*ʾîtay*": "particle of existence - there will be", "*lāk*": "preposition + 2nd masculine singular suffix - to you" }, "variants": { "*qiryᵉtāʾ*": "city/town", "*titbᵉnēʾ*": "is built/will be built", "*yištakᵉlᵉlûn*": "are completed/will be finished", "*ḥălāq*": "portion/share/territory", "*baʿăbar* *nahărāʾ*": "beyond the River/Trans-Euphrates" } } 17 { "verseID": "Ezra.4.17", "source": "פִּתְגָמָ֞א שְׁלַ֣ח מַלְכָּ֗א עַל־רְח֤וּם בְּעֵל־טְעֵם֙ וְשִׁמְשַׁ֣י סָֽפְרָ֔א וּשְׁאָר֙ כְּנָוָ֣תְה֔וֹן דִּ֥י יָתְבִ֖ין בְּשָֽׁמְרָ֑יִן וּשְׁאָ֧ר עֲבַֽר־נַהֲרָ֛ה שְׁלָ֖ם וּכְעֶֽת׃ ס", "text": "A *pitgāmāʾ* sent *šᵉlaḥ* the *malkāʾ* to *ʿal*-*rᵉḥûm* *bᵉʿēl*-*ṭᵉʿēm* and *wᵉšimšay* *sāpᵉrāʾ* and rest *ûšᵉʾār* their *kᵉnāwātᵉhôn* who *dî* dwell *yātᵉbîn* in *bᵉšāmᵉrāyin* and rest *ûšᵉʾār* *ʿăbar*-*nahărāh*: Peace *šᵉlām* and now *ûkᵉʿet*.", "grammar": { "*pitgāmāʾ*": "noun, masculine singular with Aramaic definite article - the message/decree", "*šᵉlaḥ*": "peal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - sent", "*malkāʾ*": "noun, masculine singular with Aramaic definite article - the king", "*ʿal*": "preposition - to", "*rᵉḥûm*": "proper noun - Rehum", "*bᵉʿēl*": "noun, masculine singular construct - lord of/master of", "*ṭᵉʿēm*": "noun, masculine singular - decree/command", "*wᵉšimšay*": "waw-conjunction + proper noun - and Shimshai", "*sāpᵉrāʾ*": "noun, masculine singular with Aramaic definite article - the scribe", "*ûšᵉʾār*": "waw-conjunction + noun, masculine singular - and rest of", "*kᵉnāwātᵉhôn*": "noun, masculine plural + 3rd masculine plural suffix - their colleagues", "*dî*": "relative particle - who", "*yātᵉbîn*": "peal participle, masculine plural - dwelling", "*bᵉšāmᵉrāyin*": "preposition + proper noun - in Samaria", "*ûšᵉʾār*": "waw-conjunction + noun, masculine singular construct - and rest of", "*ʿăbar*": "noun, masculine singular construct - beyond", "*nahărāh*": "noun, masculine singular with Aramaic definite article - the river", "*šᵉlām*": "noun, masculine singular - peace", "*ûkᵉʿet*": "waw-conjunction + adverb - and now" }, "variants": { "*pitgāmāʾ*": "message/decree/command", "*bᵉʿēl*-*ṭᵉʿēm*": "commander/lord of command/official", "*kᵉnāwātᵉhôn*": "their colleagues/their associates/their companions", "*yātᵉbîn*": "dwelling/residing/living", "*ʿăbar*-*nahărāh*": "beyond the River/Trans-Euphrates" } } 18 { "verseID": "Ezra.4.18", "source": "נִשְׁתְּוָנָ֕א דִּ֥י שְׁלַחְתּ֖וּן עֲלֶ֑ינָא מְפָרַ֥שׁ קֱרִ֖י קָדָמָֽי׃", "text": "The *ništᵉwānāʾ* which *dî* you sent *šᵉlaḥtûn* to us *ʿălênāʾ* clearly *mᵉpāraš* was read *qĕrî* before me *qādāmāy*.", "grammar": { "*ništᵉwānāʾ*": "noun, masculine singular with Aramaic definite article - the letter", "*dî*": "relative particle - which", "*šᵉlaḥtûn*": "peal perfect, 2nd masculine plural - you sent", "*ʿălênāʾ*": "preposition + 1st plural suffix - to us", "*mᵉpāraš*": "pual participle, masculine singular - clearly/distinctly", "*qĕrî*": "peal passive participle, masculine singular - was read", "*qādāmāy*": "preposition + 1st singular suffix - before me" }, "variants": { "*ništᵉwānāʾ*": "letter/document/dispatch", "*mᵉpāraš*": "clearly/distinctly/translated" } } 19 { "verseID": "Ezra.4.19", "source": "וּמִנִּי֮ שִׂ֣ים טְעֵם֒ וּבַקַּ֣רוּ וְהַשְׁכַּ֔חוּ דִּ֚י קִרְיְתָ֣א דָ֔ךְ מִן־יוֹמָת֙ עֽ͏ָלְמָ֔א עַל־מַלְכִ֖ין מִֽתְנַשְּׂאָ֑ה וּמְרַ֥ד וְאֶשְׁתַּדּ֖וּר מִתְעֲבֶד־בַּֽהּ׃", "text": "And from me *ûminnî* was set *śîm* *ṭᵉʿēm* and they searched *ûbaqqarû* and found *wᵉhaškạḥû* that *dî* city *qiryᵉtāʾ* this *dāk* from *min*-days *yômāt* ancient *ʿālᵉmāʾ* against *ʿal*-kings *malkîn* rising *mitnāśᵉʾāh* and rebellion *ûmᵉrad* and sedition *wᵉʾeštaddûr* done *mitʿăbed*-in it *bạh*.", "grammar": { "*ûminnî*": "waw-conjunction + preposition + 1st singular suffix - and from me", "*śîm*": "peal perfect, 3rd masculine singular passive - was put/set", "*ṭᵉʿēm*": "noun, masculine singular - decree/command", "*ûbaqqarû*": "waw-conjunction + pael perfect, 3rd plural - and they searched", "*wᵉhaškạḥû*": "waw-conjunction + haphel perfect, 3rd plural - and they found", "*dî*": "relative particle - that", "*qiryᵉtāʾ*": "noun, feminine singular with Aramaic definite article - the city", "*dāk*": "demonstrative pronoun, feminine singular - this", "*min*": "preposition - from", "*yômāt*": "construct noun, masculine plural - days of", "*ʿālᵉmāʾ*": "noun, masculine singular - ancient/eternal", "*ʿal*": "preposition - against", "*malkîn*": "noun, masculine plural - kings", "*mitnāśᵉʾāh*": "hitpaal participle, feminine singular - lifting itself up", "*ûmᵉrad*": "waw-conjunction + noun, masculine singular - and rebellion", "*wᵉʾeštaddûr*": "waw-conjunction + hitpaal infinitive - and sedition", "*mitʿăbed*": "hitpeel participle, masculine singular - being done", "*bạh*": "preposition + 3rd feminine singular suffix - in it" }, "variants": { "*śîm* *ṭᵉʿēm*": "a decree was issued/an order was given", "*qiryᵉtāʾ*": "city/town", "*ʿālᵉmāʾ*": "ancient/eternal/long-standing", "*mitnāśᵉʾāh*": "rising up/rebelling/lifting itself up", "*wᵉʾeštaddûr*": "sedition/insurrection/revolt" } } 20 { "verseID": "Ezra.4.20", "source": "וּמַלְכִ֣ין תַּקִּיפִ֗ין הֲווֹ֙ עַל־יְר֣וּשְׁלֶ֔ם וְשַׁ֨לִּיטִ֔ין בְּכֹ֖ל עֲבַ֣ר נַהֲרָ֑ה וּמִדָּ֥ה בְל֛וֹ וַהֲלָ֖ךְ מִתְיְהֵ֥ב לְהֽוֹן׃", "text": "And kings *ûmalkîn* mighty *taqqîpîn* have been *hăwô* over *ʿal*-*yᵉrûšᵉlem* and ruling *wᵉšallîṭîn* in all *bᵉkōl* *ʿăbar* *nahărāh*; and tax *ûmiddāh* toll *bᵉlô* and custom *wahălāk* was given *mityᵉhēb* to them *lᵉhôn*.", "grammar": { "*ûmalkîn*": "waw-conjunction + noun, masculine plural - and kings", "*taqqîpîn*": "adjective, masculine plural - mighty/powerful", "*hăwô*": "peal perfect, 3rd plural - have been", "*ʿal*": "preposition - over", "*yᵉrûšᵉlem*": "proper noun - Jerusalem", "*wᵉšallîṭîn*": "waw-conjunction + adjective, masculine plural - and ruling", "*bᵉkōl*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular - in all", "*ʿăbar*": "noun, masculine singular construct - beyond", "*nahărāh*": "noun, masculine singular with Aramaic definite article - the river", "*ûmiddāh*": "waw-conjunction + noun, feminine singular - and tax", "*bᵉlô*": "noun, masculine singular - toll/tribute", "*wahălāk*": "waw-conjunction + noun, masculine singular - and custom/duty", "*mityᵉhēb*": "hitpeel participle, masculine singular - being given", "*lᵉhôn*": "preposition + 3rd masculine plural suffix - to them" }, "variants": { "*taqqîpîn*": "mighty/powerful/strong", "*wᵉšallîṭîn*": "ruling/having authority", "*ʿăbar* *nahărāh*": "beyond the River/Trans-Euphrates", "*ûmiddāh*": "tax/tribute", "*bᵉlô*": "toll/tribute", "*wahălāk*": "custom/duty" } } 21 { "verseID": "Ezra.4.21", "source": "כְּעַן֙ שִׂ֣ימוּ טְּעֵ֔ם לְבַטָּלָ֖א גֻּבְרַיָּ֣א אִלֵּ֑ךְ וְקִרְיְתָ֥א דָךְ֙ לָ֣א תִתְבְּנֵ֔א עַד־מִנִּ֖י טַעְמָ֥א יִתְּשָֽׂם׃", "text": "Now *kᵉʿan* set *śîmû* *ṭᵉʿēm* to stop *lᵉbaṭṭālāʾ* the men *gubhrayyāʾ* these *ʾillēk* and city *wᵉqiryᵉtāʾ* this *dāk* not *lāʾ* shall be built *titbᵉnēʾ* until *ʿad*-from me *minnî* decree *ṭaʿmāʾ* is issued *yitᵉśām*.", "grammar": { "*kᵉʿan*": "adverb - now", "*śîmû*": "peal imperative, masculine plural - set/issue", "*ṭᵉʿēm*": "noun, masculine singular - decree/command", "*lᵉbaṭṭālāʾ*": "preposition + pael infinitive - to stop", "*gubhrayyāʾ*": "noun, masculine plural with Aramaic definite article - the men", "*ʾillēk*": "demonstrative pronoun, masculine plural - these", "*wᵉqiryᵉtāʾ*": "waw-conjunction + noun, feminine singular with Aramaic definite article - and the city", "*dāk*": "demonstrative pronoun, feminine singular - this", "*lāʾ*": "negative particle - not", "*titbᵉnēʾ*": "hitpeel imperfect, 3rd feminine singular - shall be built", "*ʿad*": "preposition - until", "*minnî*": "preposition + 1st singular suffix - from me", "*ṭaʿmāʾ*": "noun, masculine singular with Aramaic definite article - the decree", "*yitᵉśām*": "hitpeel imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - is issued" }, "variants": { "*śîmû* *ṭᵉʿēm*": "issue a decree/give an order", "*lᵉbaṭṭālāʾ*": "to stop/to cause to cease", "*titbᵉnēʾ*": "shall be built/will be built", "*yitᵉśām*": "is issued/is established/is given" } } 22 { "verseID": "Ezra.4.22", "source": "וּזְהִירִ֥ין הֱו֛וֹ שָׁל֖וּ לְמֶעְבַּ֣ד עַל־דְּנָ֑ה לְמָה֙ יִשְׂגֵּ֣א חֲבָלָ֔א לְהַנְזָקַ֖ת מַלְכִֽין׃ ס", "text": "And be careful *ûzᵉhîrîn* *hĕwô* neglect *šālû* to do *lᵉmeʿbad* about *ʿal*-this *dᵉnāh*; why *lᵉmāh* should grow *yiśgēʾ* damage *ḥăbālāʾ* to harm *lᵉhanzāqat* kings *malkîn*?", "grammar": { "*ûzᵉhîrîn*": "waw-conjunction + adjective, masculine plural - and careful", "*hĕwô*": "peal imperative, 2nd masculine plural - be", "*šālû*": "peal infinitive - to neglect", "*lᵉmeʿbad*": "preposition + peal infinitive - to do", "*ʿal*": "preposition - about", "*dᵉnāh*": "demonstrative pronoun, masculine singular - this", "*lᵉmāh*": "preposition + interrogative - why", "*yiśgēʾ*": "peal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - should grow", "*ḥăbālāʾ*": "noun, masculine singular with Aramaic definite article - the damage", "*lᵉhanzāqat*": "preposition + haphel infinitive construct - to harm", "*malkîn*": "noun, masculine plural - kings" }, "variants": { "*ûzᵉhîrîn* *hĕwô*": "be careful/be diligent", "*šālû*": "to neglect/to be remiss", "*yiśgēʾ*": "should grow/should increase", "*ḥăbālāʾ*": "damage/destruction/harm", "*lᵉhanzāqat*": "to harm/to injure/to damage" } } 23 { "verseID": "Ezra.4.23", "source": "אֱדַ֗יִן מִן־דִּ֞י פַּרְשֶׁ֤גֶן נִשְׁתְּוָנָא֙ דִּ֚י *ארתחששתא **אַרְתַּחְשַׁ֣שְׂתְּ מַלְכָּ֔א קֱרִ֧י קֳדָם־רְח֛וּם וְשִׁמְשַׁ֥י סָפְרָ֖א וּכְנָוָתְה֑וֹן אֲזַ֨לוּ בִבְהִיל֤וּ לִירֽוּשְׁלֶם֙ עַל־יְה֣וּדָיֵ֔א וּבַטִּ֥לוּ הִמּ֖וֹ בְּאֶדְרָ֥ע וְחָֽיִל׃ ס", "text": "Then *ʾĕdayin* when *min*-*dî* the copy *paršegen* of the *ništᵉwānāʾ* of *dî* *ʾartaḥšaśtᵉʾ* the *malkāʾ* was read *qĕrî* before *qŏdām*-*rᵉḥûm* and *wᵉšimšay* *sāpᵉrāʾ* and their *ûkᵉnāwātᵉhôn*, they went *ʾăzalû* in haste *bibhîlû* to *lîrûšᵉlem* to *ʿal*-the *yᵉhûdāyēʾ* and made cease *ûbaṭṭilû* them *himmô* by *bᵉʾedrāʿ* and *wᵉḥāyil*.", "grammar": { "*ʾĕdayin*": "adverb - then", "*min*": "preposition - when", "*dî*": "relative particle - that", "*paršegen*": "noun, masculine singular construct - copy of", "*ništᵉwānāʾ*": "noun, masculine singular with Aramaic definite article - the letter", "*dî*": "relative particle - of", "*ʾartaḥšaśtᵉʾ*": "proper noun - Artaxerxes", "*malkāʾ*": "noun, masculine singular with Aramaic definite article - the king", "*qĕrî*": "peal passive participle, masculine singular - was read", "*qŏdām*": "preposition - before", "*rᵉḥûm*": "proper noun - Rehum", "*wᵉšimšay*": "waw-conjunction + proper noun - and Shimshai", "*sāpᵉrāʾ*": "noun, masculine singular with Aramaic definite article - the scribe", "*ûkᵉnāwātᵉhôn*": "waw-conjunction + noun, masculine plural + 3rd masculine plural suffix - and their colleagues", "*ʾăzalû*": "peal perfect, 3rd plural - they went", "*bibhîlû*": "preposition + noun, feminine singular - in haste", "*lîrûšᵉlem*": "preposition + proper noun - to Jerusalem", "*ʿal*": "preposition - to", "*yᵉhûdāyēʾ*": "gentilic plural with Aramaic definite article - the Jews", "*ûbaṭṭilû*": "waw-conjunction + pael perfect, 3rd plural - and they made cease", "*himmô*": "3rd masculine plural pronoun - them", "*bᵉʾedrāʿ*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular - by force/arm", "*wᵉḥāyil*": "waw-conjunction + noun, masculine singular - and power/army" }, "variants": { "*paršegen*": "copy/transcript", "*ništᵉwānāʾ*": "letter/document/dispatch", "*bibhîlû*": "in haste/quickly/hurriedly", "*ûbaṭṭilû*": "made cease/stopped/restrained", "*bᵉʾedrāʿ*": "by force/by arm/with power", "*wᵉḥāyil*": "and power/might/army" } }
• Ps 112:10 : 10 { "verseID": "Psalms.112.10", "source": "רָ֘שָׁ֤ע יִרְאֶ֨ה ׀ וְכָעָ֗ס שִׁנָּ֣יו יַחֲרֹ֣ק וְנָמָ֑ס תַּאֲוַ֖ת רְשָׁעִ֣ים תֹּאבֵֽד׃", "text": "*Rāšāʿ* *yirʾeh* ׀ *wĕ*-*kāʿas* *šinnāyw* *yaḥărōq* *wĕ*-*nāmās* *taʾăwat* *rĕšāʿîm* *tōʾbēd*", "grammar": { "*Rāšāʿ*": "adjective, masculine singular - wicked", "*yirʾeh*": "verb, qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - he will see", "*wĕkāʿas*": "conjunction + verb, qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - and be angry", "*šinnāyw*": "noun, feminine plural + 3rd masculine singular suffix - his teeth", "*yaḥărōq*": "verb, qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - he will gnash", "*wĕnāmās*": "conjunction + verb, niphal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - and melt away/dissolve", "*taʾăwat*": "noun, feminine singular construct - desire of", "*rĕšāʿîm*": "adjective, masculine plural - wicked ones", "*tōʾbēd*": "verb, qal imperfect, 3rd feminine singular - will perish" }, "variants": { "*Rāšāʿ*": "wicked/evil person/criminal", "*yirʾeh*": "will see/will observe", "*kāʿas*": "is angry/vexed/irritated", "*yaḥărōq*": "will gnash/grind", "*nāmās*": "melts away/dissolves/wastes away", "*taʾăwat*": "desire/longing/craving", "*rĕšāʿîm*": "wicked ones/evil ones", "*tōʾbēd*": "will perish/will be destroyed/will be lost" } }
• Ps 122:6-9 : 6 { "verseID": "Psalms.122.6", "source": "שַׁ֭אֲלוּ שְׁל֣וֹם יְרוּשָׁלָ֑͏ִם יִ֝שְׁלָ֗יוּ אֹהֲבָֽיִךְ׃", "text": "*Sha'alu shalom Yerushalayim*; *yishlayu ohavayich*.", "grammar": { "*Sha'alu*": "qal imperative, masculine plural - ask/pray for", "*shalom*": "noun, masculine singular - peace/prosperity", "*Yerushalayim*": "proper noun - Jerusalem", "*yishlayu*": "qal imperfect, 3rd person plural - they will prosper/be secure", "*ohavayich*": "qal participle, masculine plural construct with 2nd person feminine singular suffix - those who love you" }, "variants": { "*Sha'alu*": "ask/pray for/inquire about", "*shalom*": "peace/prosperity/welfare/completeness", "*yishlayu*": "they will prosper/be at ease/be secure" } } 7 { "verseID": "Psalms.122.7", "source": "יְהִֽי־שָׁל֥וֹם בְּחֵילֵ֑ךְ שַׁ֝לְוָ֗ה בְּאַרְמְנוֹתָֽיִךְ׃", "text": "*Yehi-shalom b'cheilech*, *shalvah b'armenotayich*.", "grammar": { "*Yehi*": "qal jussive, 3rd person masculine singular - let there be", "*shalom*": "noun, masculine singular - peace/prosperity", "*b'cheilech*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular with 2nd person feminine singular suffix - in your rampart/outer wall", "*shalvah*": "noun, feminine singular - prosperity/tranquility", "*b'armenotayich*": "preposition + noun, masculine plural with 2nd person feminine singular suffix - in your palaces/citadels" }, "variants": { "*cheil*": "rampart/wall/fortress/strength", "*shalvah*": "prosperity/tranquility/ease/security", "*armenot*": "palaces/citadels/fortresses" } } 8 { "verseID": "Psalms.122.8", "source": "לְ֭מַעַן אַחַ֣י וְרֵעָ֑י אֲדַבְּרָה־נָּ֖א שָׁל֣וֹם בָּֽךְ׃", "text": "For the sake of *achai v'rei'ai*, I will *adabberah-na shalom bach*.", "grammar": { "*achai*": "noun, masculine plural construct with 1st person singular suffix - my brothers", "*v'rei'ai*": "conjunction + noun, masculine plural construct with 1st person singular suffix - and my companions", "*adabberah*": "piel imperfect cohortative, 1st person singular - I will speak", "*na*": "particle - please/now", "*shalom*": "noun, masculine singular - peace/prosperity", "*bach*": "preposition with 2nd person feminine singular suffix - in you" }, "variants": { "*achai*": "my brothers/relatives/kinsmen", "*rei'ai*": "my friends/companions/associates", "*adabberah-na*": "let me speak/I wish to speak" } } 9 { "verseID": "Psalms.122.9", "source": "לְ֭מַעַן בֵּית־יְהוָ֣ה אֱלֹהֵ֑ינוּ אֲבַקְשָׁ֖ה ט֣וֹב לָֽךְ׃", "text": "For the sake of *beit-YHWH Eloheinu*, I will *avakshah tov lach*.", "grammar": { "*beit-YHWH*": "noun, masculine singular construct + divine name - house of YHWH", "*Eloheinu*": "noun, masculine plural with 1st person plural suffix - our God", "*avakshah*": "piel imperfect cohortative, 1st person singular - I will seek", "*tov*": "adjective, masculine singular - good", "*lach*": "preposition with 2nd person feminine singular suffix - for you" }, "variants": { "*Eloheinu*": "our God/our Mighty One", "*avakshah*": "I will seek/search for/strive after", "*tov*": "good/welfare/prosperity/happiness" } }
• Neh 13:1 : 1 { "verseID": "Nehemiah.13.1", "source": "בַּיּ֣וֹם הַה֗וּא נִקְרָ֛א בְּסֵ֥פֶר מֹשֶׁ֖ה בְּאָזְנֵ֣י הָעָ֑ם וְנִמְצָא֙ כָּת֣וּב בּ֔וֹ אֲ֠שֶׁר לֹא־יָב֨וֹא עַמֹּנִ֧י וּמֹאָבִ֛י בִּקְהַ֥ל הָאֱלֹהִ֖ים עַד־עוֹלָֽם׃", "text": "In *yôm* the *hû'* was *niqrā'* in *sēfer* *Mošeh* in *'oznê* the *'ām*; and was *nimṣā'* *kāṯûḇ* in *bô* that not *yāḇô'* *'ammōnî* and *mō'āḇî* in *qəhal* the *'ĕlōhîm* until *'ôlām*.", "grammar": { "*yôm*": "masculine singular noun with definite article prefix - day", "*hû'*": "demonstrative pronoun - that", "*niqrā'*": "Niphal perfect 3rd masculine singular - was read/called", "*sēfer*": "masculine singular construct - book/scroll of", "*Mošeh*": "proper name - Moses", "*'oznê*": "dual construct noun - ears of", "*'ām*": "masculine singular noun with definite article - people", "*nimṣā'*": "Niphal perfect 3rd masculine singular - was found", "*kāṯûḇ*": "Qal passive participle - written", "*bô*": "preposition with 3rd masculine singular suffix - in it", "*yāḇô'*": "Qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - shall enter/come", "*'ammōnî*": "gentilic adjective - Ammonite", "*mō'āḇî*": "gentilic adjective - Moabite", "*qəhal*": "masculine singular construct - assembly/congregation of", "*'ĕlōhîm*": "masculine plural noun - God", "*'ôlām*": "masculine singular noun - forever/eternity" }, "variants": { "*niqrā'*": "was read/was called", "*sēfer*": "book/scroll/document", "*'ĕlōhîm*": "God/gods/divine beings (plural form used for singular deity)", "*'ôlām*": "forever/perpetuity/ancient time" } }