Verse 18

{ "verseID": "Romans.9.18", "source": "Ἄρα οὖν ὃν θέλει ἐλεεῖ· ὃν δὲ θέλει σκληρύνει.", "text": "*Ara oun* whom he *thelei eleei*; whom *de* he *thelei sklērynei*.", "grammar": { "*Ara*": "inferential particle - then/therefore", "*oun*": "conjunction - therefore/so", "*thelei*": "present, indicative, active, 3rd person singular - he wills/desires", "*eleei*": "present, indicative, active, 3rd person singular - he shows mercy", "*de*": "particle - but/and", "*sklērynei*": "present, indicative, active, 3rd person singular - he hardens" }, "variants": { "*Ara oun*": "so then/therefore/consequently", "*thelei*": "he wills/desires/wishes", "*eleei*": "he shows mercy/has compassion on", "*sklērynei*": "he hardens/makes stubborn/makes obstinate" } }

Other Translations

Referenced Verses

  • Rom 9:15-16 : 15 { "verseID": "Romans.9.15", "source": "Τῷ γὰρ Μωϋσεῖ λέγει, Ἐλεήσω ὃν ἂν ἐλεῶ, καὶ οἰκτειρήσω ὃν ἂν οἰκτείρω.", "text": "For to *Mōusei legei*, I will *eleēsō* whom *an eleō*, and I will *oikteirēsō* whom *an oikteirō*.", "grammar": { "*Mōusei*": "dative, masculine, singular - to Moses", "*legei*": "present, indicative, active, 3rd person singular - he says", "*eleēsō*": "future, indicative, active, 1st person singular - I will have mercy", "*an*": "particle - ever/if/would", "*eleō*": "present, subjunctive, active, 1st person singular - I may have mercy", "*oikteirēsō*": "future, indicative, active, 1st person singular - I will have compassion", "*oikteirō*": "present, subjunctive, active, 1st person singular - I may have compassion" }, "variants": { "*legei*": "he says/tells/speaks", "*eleēsō*": "I will have mercy/I will show mercy", "*an*": "ever/if/would [indicating contingency]", "*eleō*": "I may have mercy/I choose to show mercy", "*oikteirēsō*": "I will have compassion/I will show pity", "*oikteirō*": "I may have compassion/I choose to show pity" } } 16 { "verseID": "Romans.9.16", "source": "Ἄρα οὖν οὐ τοῦ θέλοντος, οὐδὲ τοῦ τρέχοντος, ἀλλὰ τοῦ ἐλεοῦντος Θεοῦ.", "text": "*Ara oun* not of the *thelontos*, neither of the *trechontos*, but of the *eleountos Theou*.", "grammar": { "*Ara*": "inferential particle - then/therefore", "*oun*": "conjunction - therefore/so", "*thelontos*": "present, participle, active, genitive, masculine, singular - willing/desiring", "*trechontos*": "present, participle, active, genitive, masculine, singular - running", "*eleountos*": "present, participle, active, genitive, masculine, singular - showing mercy", "*Theou*": "genitive, masculine, singular - of God" }, "variants": { "*Ara oun*": "then therefore/so then/consequently", "*thelontos*": "willing/desiring/wishing", "*trechontos*": "running/exerting effort/striving", "*eleountos*": "showing mercy/having compassion" } }
  • Exod 4:21 : 21 { "verseID": "Exodus.4.21", "source": "וַיֹּ֣אמֶר יְהוָה֮ אֶל־מֹשֶׁה֒ בְּלֶכְתְּךָ֙ לָשׁ֣וּב מִצְרַ֔יְמָה רְאֵ֗ה כָּל־הַמֹּֽפְתִים֙ אֲשֶׁר־שַׂ֣מְתִּי בְיָדֶ֔ךָ וַעֲשִׂיתָ֖ם לִפְנֵ֣י פַרְעֹ֑ה וַאֲנִי֙ אֲחַזֵּ֣ק אֶת־לִבּ֔וֹ וְלֹ֥א יְשַׁלַּ֖ח אֶת־הָעָֽם׃", "text": "And *yōʾmer* *YHWH* to-*Mōšeh* in-*lektĕkā* to-*šûb* *Miṣrayĕmâh* *rĕʾēh* all-the-*môpĕtîm* which-*śamtî* in-*yādekā* and-*ʿăśîtām* to-*pĕnê* *Parʿōh* and-*ʾănî* *ʾăḥazzēq* *ʾet*-*libbô* and-not *yĕšallaḥ* *ʾet*-the-*ʿām*.", "grammar": { "*yōʾmer*": "qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular with waw conversive - said", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - the divine name", "*Mōšeh*": "proper noun, masculine singular - Moses", "*lektĕkā*": "qal infinitive construct with 2nd masculine singular suffix - your going", "*šûb*": "qal infinitive construct - to return", "*Miṣrayĕmâh*": "proper noun with directional hey - to Egypt", "*rĕʾēh*": "qal imperative, masculine singular - see", "*môpĕtîm*": "noun, masculine plural - wonders/signs", "*śamtî*": "qal perfect, 1st person singular - I have placed", "*yādekā*": "noun, feminine singular construct with 2nd masculine singular suffix - your hand", "*ʿăśîtām*": "qal perfect, 2nd masculine singular with 3rd masculine plural suffix with waw conversive - you shall do them", "*pĕnê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - face of", "*Parʿōh*": "proper noun, masculine singular - Pharaoh", "*ʾănî*": "pronoun, 1st person singular - I", "*ʾăḥazzēq*": "piel imperfect, 1st person singular - I will strengthen", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*libbô*": "noun, masculine singular construct with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his heart", "*yĕšallaḥ*": "piel imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - he will send away", "*ʿām*": "noun, masculine singular - people" }, "variants": { "*môpĕtîm*": "wonders/signs/miracles", "*ʾăḥazzēq ʾet-libbô*": "strengthen his heart/harden his heart/make him stubborn", "*yĕšallaḥ*": "send away/let go/release" } }
  • Josh 11:20 : 20 { "verseID": "Joshua.11.20", "source": "כִּ֣י מֵאֵ֣ת יְהוָ֣ה ׀ הָיְתָ֡ה לְחַזֵּ֣ק אֶת־לִבָּם֩ לִקְרַ֨את הַמִּלְחָמָ֤ה אֶת־יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ לְמַ֣עַן הַֽחֲרִימָ֔ם לְבִלְתִּ֥י הֱיוֹת־לָהֶ֖ם תְּחִנָּ֑ה כִּ֚י לְמַ֣עַן הַשְׁמִידָ֔ם כַּאֲשֶׁ֛ר צִוָּ֥ה יְהוָ֖ה אֶת־מֹשֶֽׁה׃ ס", "text": "For from-*ʾēṯ* *YHWH* *hāyəṯâ* to-*ḥazzēq* *ʾeṯ*-*libbām* to-*qirʾaṯ* the-*milḥāmâ* *ʾeṯ*-*yiśrāʾēl* for-*maʿan* the-*haḥărîmām* to-*ḇiltî* *hĕyôṯ*-to-them *təḥinnâ* for for-*maʿan* the-*hašmîḏām* as-*ṣiwwâ* *YHWH* *ʾeṯ*-*mōšeh*", "grammar": { "*kî*": "conjunction - for/because", "*mēʾēṯ*": "preposition מן + preposition את - from", "*YHWH*": "proper name - YHWH/the LORD", "*hāyəṯâ*": "qal perfect 3fs - it was", "*ləḥazzēq*": "preposition ל + piel infinitive construct - to strengthen/harden", "*ʾeṯ*": "direct object marker", "*libbām*": "noun, masculine singular + 3mp suffix - their heart", "*liqrʾaṯ*": "preposition ל + qal infinitive construct - to meet/encounter", "*hammilḥāmâ*": "definite article + noun, feminine singular - the battle/war", "*ʾeṯ*": "direct object marker", "*yiśrāʾēl*": "proper name - Israel", "*ləmaʿan*": "preposition - for the purpose of", "*haḥărîmām*": "hiphil infinitive construct + 3mp suffix - destroying them utterly", "*ləḇiltî*": "preposition ל + preposition - in order not", "*hĕyôṯ*": "qal infinitive construct - being/having", "*lāhem*": "preposition ל + 3mp suffix - to them/for them", "*təḥinnâ*": "noun, feminine singular - favor/mercy", "*kî*": "conjunction - for/because", "*ləmaʿan*": "preposition - for the purpose of", "*hašmîḏām*": "hiphil infinitive construct + 3mp suffix - destroying them", "*kaʾăšer*": "preposition כ + relative pronoun - as/just as", "*ṣiwwâ*": "piel perfect 3ms - he commanded", "*YHWH*": "proper name - YHWH/the LORD", "*ʾeṯ*": "direct object marker", "*mōšeh*": "proper name - Moses" }, "variants": { "*hāyəṯâ*": "it was/it came", "*ləḥazzēq*": "to strengthen/to harden/to make stubborn", "*libbām*": "their heart/their mind/their will", "*liqrʾaṯ*": "to meet/to encounter/to engage in", "*milḥāmâ*": "battle/war", "*ləmaʿan*": "for the purpose of/so that/in order that", "*haḥărîmām*": "destroying them utterly/devoting them to destruction", "*ləḇiltî*": "in order not/so as not to", "*hĕyôṯ*": "being/having/existing", "*təḥinnâ*": "favor/mercy/grace/supplication", "*hašmîḏām*": "destroying them/annihilating them", "*ṣiwwâ*": "he commanded/he ordered/he instructed" } }
  • Deut 2:30 : 30 { "verseID": "Deuteronomy.2.30", "source": "וְלֹ֣א אָבָ֗ה סִיחֹן֙ מֶ֣לֶךְ חֶשְׁבּ֔וֹן הַעֲבִרֵ֖נוּ בּ֑וֹ כִּֽי־הִקְשָׁה֩ יְהוָ֨ה אֱלֹהֶ֜יךָ אֶת־רוּח֗וֹ וְאִמֵּץ֙ אֶת־לְבָב֔וֹ לְמַ֛עַן תִּתּ֥וֹ בְיָדְךָ֖ כַּיּ֥וֹם הַזֶּֽה׃", "text": "*wə-lōʾ* *ʾāḇāh* *sîḥōn* *meleḵ* *ḥešbôn* *haʿăḇîrênû* in-him *kî*-*hiqšâ* *YHWH* *ʾĕlōheḵā* *ʾet*-*rûḥô* *wə-ʾimmêṣ* *ʾet*-*ləḇāḇô* *ləmaʿan* *tittô* in-*yādəḵā* *kayyôm* *hazzeh*", "grammar": { "*wə-lōʾ*": "conjunction + negative particle - and not", "*ʾāḇāh*": "verb, Qal perfect 3rd person masculine singular - he was willing", "*sîḥōn*": "proper noun - Sihon", "*meleḵ*": "noun, masculine singular construct - king of", "*ḥešbôn*": "proper noun - Heshbon", "*haʿăḇîrênû*": "verb, Hiphil infinitive construct + 1st person plural suffix - to let us pass through", "*kî*": "conjunction - for/because", "*hiqšâ*": "verb, Hiphil perfect 3rd person masculine singular - he hardened", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - the LORD", "*ʾĕlōheḵā*": "noun, masculine plural construct + 2nd person masculine singular suffix - your God", "*rûḥô*": "noun, feminine singular + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his spirit", "*wə-ʾimmêṣ*": "conjunction + verb, Piel perfect 3rd person masculine singular - and he strengthened/made obstinate", "*ləḇāḇô*": "noun, masculine singular + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his heart", "*ləmaʿan*": "conjunction - in order that/so that", "*tittô*": "verb, Qal infinitive construct + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - giving him", "*yādəḵā*": "noun, feminine singular + 2nd person masculine singular suffix - your hand", "*kayyôm*": "preposition + definite article + noun, masculine singular - as the day", "*hazzeh*": "definite article + demonstrative pronoun, masculine singular - this" }, "variants": { "*ʾāḇāh*": "was willing/consented/agreed", "*haʿăḇîrênû*": "to let us pass through/to allow us to cross/to permit our passage", "*hiqšâ*": "hardened/made stubborn/made unyielding", "*wə-ʾimmêṣ*": "and he strengthened/made obstinate/made firm", "*ləḇāḇô*": "his heart/his mind/his will", "*ləmaʿan*": "in order that/so that/for the purpose of", "*tittô*": "giving him/delivering him/placing him", "*kayyôm* *hazzeh*": "as at this day/as it is today/as at present" } }
  • Rom 11:7-8 : 7 { "verseID": "Romans.11.7", "source": "Τί οὖν; ὃ ἐπιζητεῖ Ἰσραήλ· τοῦτο οὐκ ἐπέτυχεν ἡ δὲ ἐκλογὴ ἐπέτυχεν, οἱ δὲ λοιποὶ ἐπωρώθησαν", "text": "What *oun*? what *epizētei Israēl*; this not *epetychen* but the *eklogē epetychen*, but the *loipoi epōrōthēsan*", "grammar": { "*oun*": "inferential particle - therefore/then", "*epizētei*": "present active indicative, 3rd person singular - seeks after", "*Israēl*": "nominative masculine - Israel", "*epetychen*": "aorist active indicative, 3rd person singular - obtained/attained", "*eklogē*": "nominative feminine singular - election/chosen", "*loipoi*": "nominative masculine plural - rest/remainder", "*epōrōthēsan*": "aorist passive indicative, 3rd person plural - were hardened" }, "variants": { "*epizētei*": "seeks after/searches for", "*epetychen*": "obtained/attained/achieved", "*eklogē*": "election/chosen group/selection", "*loipoi*": "rest/remainder/others", "*epōrōthēsan*": "were hardened/became calloused/were made insensitive" } } 8 { "verseID": "Romans.11.8", "source": "(Καθὼς γέγραπται, Ἔδωκεν αὐτοῖς ὁ Θεὸς πνεῦμα κατανύξεως, ὀφθαλμοὺς τοῦ μὴ βλέπειν, καὶ ὦτα τοῦ μὴ ἀκούειν·) ἕως τῆς σήμερον ἡμέρας.", "text": "(Just as *gegraptai*, *Edōken* to them the *Theos* *pneuma katanyxeōs*, *ophthalmous* of the not *blepein*, and *ōta* of the not *akouein*;) until the *sēmeron hēmeras*.", "grammar": { "*gegraptai*": "perfect passive indicative, 3rd person singular - it has been written", "*Edōken*": "aorist active indicative, 3rd person singular - he gave", "*Theos*": "nominative masculine singular - God", "*pneuma*": "accusative neuter singular - spirit", "*katanyxeōs*": "genitive feminine singular - stupor/deep sleep", "*ophthalmous*": "accusative masculine plural - eyes", "*blepein*": "present active infinitive - to see", "*ōta*": "accusative neuter plural - ears", "*akouein*": "present active infinitive - to hear", "*sēmeron*": "adverb - today", "*hēmeras*": "genitive feminine singular - day" }, "variants": { "*gegraptai*": "it has been written/it is written", "*Edōken*": "gave/granted", "*pneuma*": "spirit/breath", "*katanyxeōs*": "stupor/slumber/insensibility", "*ophthalmous*": "eyes/sight", "*blepein*": "to see/to perceive", "*ōta*": "ears/hearing", "*akouein*": "to hear/to listen/to understand", "*sēmeron*": "today/this day", "*hēmeras*": "day/time period" } }
  • 2 Thess 2:10-12 : 10 { "verseID": "2Thessalonians.2.10", "source": "Καὶ ἐν πάσῃ ἀπάτῃ τῆς ἀδικίας ἐν τοῖς ἀπολλυμένοις· ἀνθʼ ὧν τὴν ἀγάπην τῆς ἀληθείας οὐκ ἐδέξαντο, εἰς τὸ σωθῆναι αὐτούς.", "text": "And in all *apatē* of the *adikias* in the *apollymenois*; in return for which the *agapēn* of the *alētheias* not *edexanto*, to the *sōthēnai* them.", "grammar": { "*apatē*": "dative, feminine singular - deception/deceit", "*adikias*": "genitive, feminine singular - unrighteousness/wickedness", "*apollymenois*": "present middle/passive participle, dative masculine plural - perishing/being destroyed", "*agapēn*": "accusative, feminine singular - love", "*alētheias*": "genitive, feminine singular - truth", "*edexanto*": "verb, aorist middle indicative, 3rd person plural - they received", "*sōthēnai*": "aorist passive infinitive - to be saved" }, "variants": { "*apatē*": "deception/deceit/trickery", "*adikias*": "unrighteousness/wickedness/injustice", "*apollymenois*": "perishing/being destroyed/those who are perishing", "*agapēn*": "love/affection", "*alētheias*": "truth/reality", "*edexanto*": "received/accepted/welcomed", "*sōthēnai*": "be saved/rescued/preserved" } } 11 { "verseID": "2Thessalonians.2.11", "source": "Καὶ διὰ τοῦτο πέμψει αὐτοῖς ὁ Θεὸς ἐνέργειαν πλάνης, εἰς τὸ πιστεῦσαι αὐτοὺς τῷ ψεύδει:", "text": "And through this *pempsei* to them the *Theos* *energeian* of *planēs*, to the *pisteusai* them in the *pseudei*:", "grammar": { "*pempsei*": "verb, future active indicative, 3rd person singular - will send", "*Theos*": "nominative, masculine singular - God", "*energeian*": "accusative, feminine singular - working/operation", "*planēs*": "genitive, feminine singular - error/delusion", "*pisteusai*": "aorist active infinitive - to believe", "*pseudei*": "dative, neuter singular - lie/falsehood" }, "variants": { "*pempsei*": "will send/dispatch", "*energeian*": "working/operation/active power", "*planēs*": "error/delusion/deception/wandering", "*pisteusai*": "believe/trust/have faith in", "*pseudei*": "lie/falsehood/untruth" } } 12 { "verseID": "2Thessalonians.2.12", "source": "Ἵνα κριθῶσιν πάντες οἱ μὴ πιστεύσαντες τῇ ἀληθείᾳ, ἀλλʼ εὐδοκήσαντες ἐν τῇ ἀδικίᾳ.", "text": "So that *krithōsin* all the not *pisteusantes* in the *alētheia*, but *eudokēsantes* in the *adikia*.", "grammar": { "*krithōsin*": "verb, aorist passive subjunctive, 3rd person plural - they might be judged", "*pisteusantes*": "aorist active participle, nominative masculine plural - having believed", "*alētheia*": "dative, feminine singular - truth", "*eudokēsantes*": "aorist active participle, nominative masculine plural - having taken pleasure", "*adikia*": "dative, feminine singular - unrighteousness/wickedness" }, "variants": { "*krithōsin*": "might be judged/condemned/separated", "*pisteusantes*": "having believed/trusted", "*alētheia*": "truth/reality", "*eudokēsantes*": "having taken pleasure/delighted in/approved of", "*adikia*": "unrighteousness/wickedness/injustice" } }
  • Rom 5:20-21 : 20 { "verseID": "Romans.5.20", "source": "Νόμος δὲ παρεισῆλθεν, ἵνα πλεονάσῃ τὸ παράπτωμα. Οὗ δὲ ἐπλεόνασεν ἡ ἁμαρτία, ὑπερεπερίσσευσεν ἡ χάρις:", "text": "*Nomos de pareisēlthen*, in order that might *pleonasē* the *paraptōma*. Where *de epleonasen* the *hamartia*, *hypereperisseusen* the *charis*:", "grammar": { "*Nomos*": "nominative singular masculine - law", "*de*": "postpositive conjunction - but/and/now", "*pareisēlthen*": "aorist active indicative, 3rd person singular - came in alongside/entered secretly", "*pleonasē*": "aorist active subjunctive, 3rd person singular - might abound/increase", "*paraptōma*": "nominative singular neuter - trespass/offense", "*epleonasen*": "aorist active indicative, 3rd person singular - abounded/increased", "*hamartia*": "nominative singular feminine - sin", "*hypereperisseusen*": "aorist active indicative, 3rd person singular - superabounded/abounded much more", "*charis*": "nominative singular feminine - grace" }, "variants": { "*Nomos*": "law/legal system/rule", "*pareisēlthen*": "came in alongside/entered secretly/came in besides", "*pleonasē*": "might abound/increase/multiply", "*paraptōma*": "trespass/offense/transgression/fall", "*epleonasen*": "abounded/increased/multiplied", "*hamartia*": "sin/wrongdoing/missing the mark", "*hypereperisseusen*": "superabounded/abounded much more/overflowed exceedingly", "*charis*": "grace/favor/kindness" } } 21 { "verseID": "Romans.5.21", "source": "Ἵνα ὥσπερ ἐβασίλευσεν ἡ ἁμαρτία ἐν τῷ θανάτῳ, οὕτως καὶ ἡ χάρις βασιλεύσῃ διὰ δικαιοσύνης εἰς ζωὴν αἰώνιον διὰ Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ τοῦ Κυρίου ἡμῶν.", "text": "In order that just as *ebasileusen* the *hamartia* in the *thanatō*, thus also the *charis basileus* through *dikaiosynēs* to *zōēn aiōnion* through *Iēsou Christou* the *Kyriou* of us.", "grammar": { "*ebasileusen*": "aorist active indicative, 3rd person singular - reigned/ruled", "*hamartia*": "nominative singular feminine - sin", "*thanatō*": "dative singular masculine - death", "*charis*": "nominative singular feminine - grace", "*basileus*": "aorist active subjunctive, 3rd person singular - might reign/rule", "*dikaiosynēs*": "genitive singular feminine - righteousness", "*zōēn*": "accusative singular feminine - life", "*aiōnion*": "accusative singular feminine - eternal/everlasting", "*Iēsou Christou*": "genitive singular masculine - of Jesus Christ", "*Kyriou*": "genitive singular masculine - Lord" }, "variants": { "*ebasileusen*": "reigned/ruled/was king", "*hamartia*": "sin/wrongdoing/missing the mark", "*thanatō*": "death/mortality", "*charis*": "grace/favor/kindness", "*basileus*": "might reign/rule/be king", "*dikaiosynēs*": "righteousness/justice/rightness", "*zōēn aiōnion*": "eternal life/everlasting life", "*Kyriou*": "Lord/master/owner" } }
  • Acts 28:26-28 : 26 { "verseID": "Acts.28.26", "source": "Λέγον, Πορεύθητι πρὸς τὸν λαὸν τοῦτον, καὶ εἰπόν, Ἀκοῇ ἀκούσετε, καὶ οὐ μὴ συνῆτε· καὶ βλέποντες βλέψετε, καὶ οὐ μὴ ἴδητε:", "text": "*Legon*, 'Go *poreuthēti pros ton laon touton*, and *eipon*, \"By *akoē akousete*, and *ou mē sunēte*; and seeing *blepontes blepsete*, and *ou mē idēte*:\"", "grammar": { "*Legon*": "present active participle, nominative neuter singular - saying", "*Poreuthēti*": "aorist passive imperative, 2nd person singular - go", "*pros ton laon touton*": "to this people", "*eipon*": "aorist active imperative, 2nd person singular - say", "*Akoē*": "dative feminine singular - by hearing", "*akousete*": "future active indicative, 2nd person plural - you will hear", "*kai*": "conjunction - and", "*ou mē*": "double negative - by no means", "*sunēte*": "aorist active subjunctive, 2nd person plural - you may understand", "*blepontes*": "present active participle, nominative masculine plural - seeing", "*blepsete*": "future active indicative, 2nd person plural - you will see", "*idēte*": "aorist active subjunctive, 2nd person plural - you may perceive" }, "variants": { "*Legon*": "saying/speaking", "*Poreuthēti*": "go/proceed/travel", "*laon*": "people/nation", "*eipon*": "say/tell/speak", "*Akoē akousete*": "you will surely hear/by hearing you will hear (Hebraic intensification)", "*sunēte*": "you may understand/comprehend/perceive", "*blepontes blepsete*": "you will surely see/seeing you will see (Hebraic intensification)", "*idēte*": "you may perceive/understand/comprehend" } } 27 { "verseID": "Acts.28.27", "source": "Ἐπαχύνθη γὰρ ἡ καρδία τοῦ λαοῦ τούτου, καὶ τοῖς ὠσὶν βαρέως ἤκουσαν, καὶ τοὺς ὀφθαλμοὺς αὐτῶν ἐκάμμυσαν· μήποτε ἴδωσιν τοῖς ὀφθαλμοῖς, καὶ τοῖς ὠσὶν ἀκούσωσιν, καὶ τῇ καρδίᾳ συνῶσιν, καὶ ἐπιστρέψωσιν, καὶ ἰάσωμαι αὐτούς.", "text": "For *epaxunthē gar hē kardia tou laou toutou*, and with their *ōsin bareōs ēkousan*, and their *ophthalmous autōn ekammusan*; lest they *idōsin tois ophthalmois*, and with their *ōsin akousōsin*, and with the *kardia sunōsin*, and they *epistrepsōsin*, and I *iasōmai autous*.'", "grammar": { "*Epaxunthē*": "aorist passive indicative, 3rd person singular - has been made thick/dulled", "*gar*": "postpositive conjunction - for", "*hē kardia*": "nominative feminine singular - the heart", "*tou laou toutou*": "genitive masculine singular - of this people", "*tois ōsin*": "dative neuter plural - with the ears", "*bareōs*": "adverb - heavily/with difficulty", "*ēkousan*": "aorist active indicative, 3rd person plural - they heard", "*tous ophthalmous autōn*": "accusative masculine plural - their eyes", "*ekammusan*": "aorist active indicative, 3rd person plural - they closed", "*mēpote*": "conjunction - lest", "*idōsin*": "aorist active subjunctive, 3rd person plural - they might see", "*tois ophthalmois*": "dative masculine plural - with the eyes", "*akousōsin*": "aorist active subjunctive, 3rd person plural - they might hear", "*tē kardia*": "dative feminine singular - with the heart", "*sunōsin*": "aorist active subjunctive, 3rd person plural - they might understand", "*epistrepsōsin*": "aorist active subjunctive, 3rd person plural - they might turn back", "*iasōmai*": "aorist middle subjunctive, 1st person singular - I might heal", "*autous*": "accusative masculine plural - them" }, "variants": { "*Epaxunthē*": "has been made thick/dulled/hardened/calloused", "*kardia*": "heart/mind/inner being", "*laou*": "people/nation", "*ōsin*": "ears", "*bareōs*": "heavily/with difficulty/reluctantly", "*ēkousan*": "they heard/listened", "*ophthalmous*": "eyes", "*ekammusan*": "they closed/shut", "*idōsin*": "they might see/perceive", "*akousōsin*": "they might hear/listen", "*sunōsin*": "they might understand/comprehend", "*epistrepsōsin*": "they might turn back/return/convert", "*iasōmai*": "I might heal/cure/restore" } } 28 { "verseID": "Acts.28.28", "source": "Γνωστὸν οὖν ἔστω ὑμῖν, ὅτι τοῖς Ἔθνεσιν ἀπεστάλη τὸ σωτήριον τοῦ Θεοῦ, αὐτοὶ καὶ ἀκούσονται.", "text": "*Gnōston oun estō humin*, that to the *Ethnesin apestalē to sōtērion tou Theou*, they also *akousontai*.", "grammar": { "*Gnōston*": "nominative neuter singular - known", "*oun*": "conjunction - therefore", "*estō*": "present active imperative, 3rd person singular - let it be", "*humin*": "dative 2nd person plural - to you", "*hoti*": "that", "*tois Ethnesin*": "dative neuter plural - to the Gentiles/nations", "*apestalē*": "aorist passive indicative, 3rd person singular - was sent", "*to sōtērion*": "nominative neuter singular - the salvation", "*tou Theou*": "genitive masculine singular - of God", "*autoi*": "nominative masculine plural - they", "*kai*": "adverb/conjunction - also", "*akousontai*": "future middle indicative, 3rd person plural - will hear" }, "variants": { "*Gnōston*": "known/understood/recognized", "*estō*": "let it be/be", "*Ethnesin*": "Gentiles/nations/peoples (non-Jews)", "*apestalē*": "was sent/dispatched", "*sōtērion*": "salvation/deliverance/rescue", "*akousontai*": "will hear/listen to/heed" } }
  • Rom 1:24-28 : 24 { "verseID": "Romans.1.24", "source": "Διὸ καὶ παρέδωκεν αὐτοὺς ὁ Θεὸς ἐν ταῖς ἐπιθυμίαις τῶν καρδιῶν αὐτῶν εἰς ἀκαθαρσίαν, τοῦ ἀτιμάζεσθαι τὰ σώματα αὐτῶν ἐν ἑαυτοῖς:", "text": "*Dio* *kai* *paredōken* *autous* the *Theos* *en* the *epithymiais* the *kardiōn* *autōn* *eis* *akatharsian*, the *atimazesthai* the *sōmata* *autōn* *en* *heautois*:", "grammar": { "*Dio*": "conjunction - therefore/for this reason", "*kai*": "adverb - also", "*paredōken*": "aorist active indicative, 3rd person singular - he gave over", "*autous*": "accusative, masculine, plural, personal pronoun - them", "*Theos*": "nominative, masculine, singular - God", "*en*": "preposition + dative - to", "*epithymiais*": "dative, feminine, plural - lusts/desires", "*kardiōn*": "genitive, feminine, plural - of hearts", "*autōn*": "genitive, masculine, plural, possessive pronoun - their", "*eis*": "preposition + accusative - to/into", "*akatharsian*": "accusative, feminine, singular - uncleanness", "*atimazesthai*": "present passive infinitive - to be dishonored", "*sōmata*": "accusative, neuter, plural - bodies", "*autōn*": "genitive, masculine, plural, possessive pronoun - their", "*en*": "preposition + dative - among", "*heautois*": "dative, masculine, plural, reflexive pronoun - themselves" }, "variants": { "*Dio*": "therefore/for this reason/wherefore", "*paredōken*": "he gave over/delivered/handed over", "*epithymiais*": "lusts/desires/cravings", "*kardiōn*": "hearts/minds/inner beings", "*akatharsian*": "uncleanness/impurity", "*atimazesthai*": "to be dishonored/degraded/disgraced", "*sōmata*": "bodies/physical forms" } } 25 { "verseID": "Romans.1.25", "source": "Οἵτινες μετήλλαξαν τὴν ἀλήθειαν τοῦ Θεοῦ ἐν τῷ ψεύδει, καὶ ἐσεβάσθησαν καὶ ἐλάτρευσαν τῇ κτίσει παρὰ τὸν Κτίσαντα, ὅς ἐστιν εὐλογητὸς εἰς τοὺς αἰῶνας. Ἀμήν.", "text": "*Hoitines* *metēllaxan* the *alētheian* the *Theou* *en* the *pseudei*, *kai* *esebasthēsan* *kai* *elatreusan* the *ktisei* *para* the *Ktisanta*, *hos* *estin* *eulogētos* *eis* the *aiōnas*. *Amēn*.", "grammar": { "*Hoitines*": "nominative, masculine, plural, relative pronoun - who", "*metēllaxan*": "aorist active indicative, 3rd person plural - they exchanged", "*alētheian*": "accusative, feminine, singular - truth", "*Theou*": "genitive, masculine, singular - of God", "*en*": "preposition + dative - for", "*pseudei*": "dative, neuter, singular - lie", "*kai*": "conjunction - and", "*esebasthēsan*": "aorist passive indicative, 3rd person plural - they worshiped/revered", "*kai*": "conjunction - and", "*elatreusan*": "aorist active indicative, 3rd person plural - they served", "*ktisei*": "dative, feminine, singular - creation", "*para*": "preposition + accusative - rather than/beyond", "*Ktisanta*": "aorist active participle, accusative, masculine, singular - Creator/the one who created", "*hos*": "nominative, masculine, singular, relative pronoun - who", "*estin*": "present active indicative, 3rd person singular - is", "*eulogētos*": "nominative, masculine, singular, adjective - blessed", "*eis*": "preposition + accusative - for", "*aiōnas*": "accusative, masculine, plural - ages", "*Amēn*": "Hebrew transliteration - amen/truly" }, "variants": { "*metēllaxan*": "they exchanged/changed/altered", "*alētheian*": "truth/reality", "*pseudei*": "lie/falsehood", "*esebasthēsan*": "they worshiped/revered/venerated", "*elatreusan*": "they served/ministered to/rendered religious service", "*ktisei*": "creation/created thing", "*Ktisanta*": "Creator/the one who created", "*eulogētos*": "blessed/praised/worthy of praise", "*aiōnas*": "ages/eternities/forever" } } 26 { "verseID": "Romans.1.26", "source": "Διὰ τοῦτο παρέδωκεν αὐτοὺς ὁ Θεὸς εἰς πάθη ἀτιμίας: αἵ τε γὰρ θήλειαι αὐτῶν μετήλλαξαν τὴν φυσικὴν χρῆσιν εἰς τὴν παρὰ φύσιν:", "text": "*Dia* *touto* *paredōken* *autous* the *Theos* *eis* *pathē* *atimias*: the *te* *gar* *thēleiai* *autōn* *metēllaxan* the *physikēn* *chrēsin* *eis* the *para* *physin*:", "grammar": { "*Dia*": "preposition + accusative - because of", "*touto*": "accusative, neuter, singular, demonstrative pronoun - this", "*paredōken*": "aorist active indicative, 3rd person singular - he gave over", "*autous*": "accusative, masculine, plural, personal pronoun - them", "*Theos*": "nominative, masculine, singular - God", "*eis*": "preposition + accusative - to", "*pathē*": "accusative, neuter, plural - passions", "*atimias*": "genitive, feminine, singular - of dishonor", "*te*": "conjunction - both", "*gar*": "conjunction - for", "*thēleiai*": "nominative, feminine, plural - females", "*autōn*": "genitive, masculine, plural, possessive pronoun - their", "*metēllaxan*": "aorist active indicative, 3rd person plural - they exchanged", "*physikēn*": "accusative, feminine, singular, adjective - natural", "*chrēsin*": "accusative, feminine, singular - use/function", "*eis*": "preposition + accusative - for", "*para*": "preposition + accusative - contrary to", "*physin*": "accusative, feminine, singular - nature" }, "variants": { "*paredōken*": "he gave over/delivered/handed over", "*pathē*": "passions/affections/emotions", "*atimias*": "dishonor/disgrace/shame", "*thēleiai*": "females/women", "*metēllaxan*": "they exchanged/changed/altered", "*physikēn*": "natural/pertaining to nature", "*chrēsin*": "use/function/relation", "*para*": "contrary to/against/beyond", "*physin*": "nature/natural order" } } 27 { "verseID": "Romans.1.27", "source": "Ὁμοίως τε καὶ οἱ ἄρσενες, ἀφέντες τὴν φυσικὴν χρῆσιν τῆς θηλείας, ἐξεκαύθησαν ἐν τῇ ὀρέξει αὐτῶν εἰς ἀλλήλους· ἄρσενες ἐν ἄρσεσιν τὴν ἀσχημοσύνην κατεργαζόμενοι, καὶ τὴν ἀντιμισθίαν ἣν ἔδει τῆς πλάνης αὐτῶν ἐν ἑαυτοῖς ἀπολαμβάνοντες.", "text": "*Homoiōs* *te* *kai* the *arsenes*, *aphentes* the *physikēn* *chrēsin* the *thēleias*, *exekauthēsan* *en* the *orexei* *autōn* *eis* *allēlous*· *arsenes* *en* *arsesin* the *aschēmosynēn* *katergazomenoi*, *kai* the *antimisthian* *hēn* *edei* the *planēs* *autōn* *en* *heautois* *apolambanontes*.", "grammar": { "*Homoiōs*": "adverb - likewise", "*te*": "conjunction - both", "*kai*": "conjunction - and", "*arsenes*": "nominative, masculine, plural - males", "*aphentes*": "aorist active participle, nominative, masculine, plural - having left/abandoned", "*physikēn*": "accusative, feminine, singular, adjective - natural", "*chrēsin*": "accusative, feminine, singular - use/function", "*thēleias*": "genitive, feminine, singular - of female", "*exekauthēsan*": "aorist passive indicative, 3rd person plural - they were inflamed/burned", "*en*": "preposition + dative - in", "*orexei*": "dative, feminine, singular - desire/lust", "*autōn*": "genitive, masculine, plural, possessive pronoun - their", "*eis*": "preposition + accusative - toward", "*allēlous*": "accusative, masculine, plural, reciprocal pronoun - one another", "*arsenes*": "nominative, masculine, plural - males", "*en*": "preposition + dative - with", "*arsesin*": "dative, masculine, plural - males", "*aschēmosynēn*": "accusative, feminine, singular - shameful deed/indecency", "*katergazomenoi*": "present middle participle, nominative, masculine, plural - working/performing", "*kai*": "conjunction - and", "*antimisthian*": "accusative, feminine, singular - recompense/penalty", "*hēn*": "accusative, feminine, singular, relative pronoun - which", "*edei*": "imperfect active indicative, 3rd person singular - was necessary", "*planēs*": "genitive, feminine, singular - of error", "*autōn*": "genitive, masculine, plural, possessive pronoun - their", "*en*": "preposition + dative - in", "*heautois*": "dative, masculine, plural, reflexive pronoun - themselves", "*apolambanontes*": "present active participle, nominative, masculine, plural - receiving" }, "variants": { "*Homoiōs*": "likewise/similarly", "*arsenes*": "males/men", "*aphentes*": "having left/abandoned/given up", "*physikēn*": "natural/proper/inherent", "*chrēsin*": "use/function/relation", "*thēleias*": "female/woman", "*exekauthēsan*": "they were inflamed/burned/consumed with passion", "*orexei*": "desire/lust/craving", "*allēlous*": "one another/each other", "*aschēmosynēn*": "shameful deed/indecency/unseemly behavior", "*katergazomenoi*": "working/performing/committing", "*antimisthian*": "recompense/penalty/due reward", "*edei*": "was necessary/proper/fitting", "*planēs*": "error/wandering/straying", "*apolambanontes*": "receiving/getting/obtaining" } } 28 { "verseID": "Romans.1.28", "source": "Καὶ καθὼς οὐκ ἐδοκίμασαν τὸν Θεὸν ἔχειν ἐν ἐπιγνώσει, παρέδωκεν αὐτοὺς ὁ Θεὸς εἰς ἀδόκιμον νοῦν, ποιεῖν τὰ μὴ καθήκοντα·", "text": "*Kai* *kathōs* *ouk* *edokimasan* the *Theon* *echein* *en* *epignōsei*, *paredōken* *autous* the *Theos* *eis* *adokimon* *noun*, *poiein* the *mē* *kathēkonta*·", "grammar": { "*Kai*": "conjunction - and", "*kathōs*": "adverb - just as", "*ouk*": "negative particle - not", "*edokimasan*": "aorist active indicative, 3rd person plural - they approved", "*Theon*": "accusative, masculine, singular - God", "*echein*": "present active infinitive - to have/retain", "*en*": "preposition + dative - in", "*epignōsei*": "dative, feminine, singular - knowledge", "*paredōken*": "aorist active indicative, 3rd person singular - he gave over", "*autous*": "accusative, masculine, plural, personal pronoun - them", "*Theos*": "nominative, masculine, singular - God", "*eis*": "preposition + accusative - to", "*adokimon*": "accusative, masculine, singular, adjective - debased/reprobate", "*noun*": "accusative, masculine, singular - mind", "*poiein*": "present active infinitive - to do", "*mē*": "negative particle - not", "*kathēkonta*": "present active participle, accusative, neuter, plural - fitting/proper things" }, "variants": { "*edokimasan*": "they approved/thought fit/tested", "*echein*": "to have/retain/acknowledge", "*epignōsei*": "knowledge/recognition/full knowledge", "*paredōken*": "he gave over/delivered/handed over", "*adokimon*": "debased/reprobate/unapproved", "*noun*": "mind/understanding/intellect", "*kathēkonta*": "fitting/proper/appropriate things" } }
  • Isa 63:17 : 17 { "verseID": "Isaiah.63.17", "source": "לָ֣מָּה תַתְעֵ֤נוּ יְהוָה֙ מִדְּרָכֶ֔יךָ תַּקְשִׁ֥יחַ לִבֵּ֖נוּ מִיִּרְאָתֶ֑ךָ שׁ֚וּב לְמַ֣עַן עֲבָדֶ֔יךָ שִׁבְטֵ֖י נַחֲלָתֶֽךָ׃", "text": "Why *tatʿēnû* *YHWH* from your *dĕrāḵeḵā*? Why *taqšîaḥ* our *libbēnû* from your *yirʾāteḵā*? *šûb* for the sake of your *ʿăbādeḵā*, the *šibṭê* your *naḥălāteḵā*.", "grammar": { "*lāmmāh*": "interrogative adverb - why", "*tatʿēnû*": "Hiphil imperfect, 2nd person masculine singular with 1st person plural suffix - you make us err", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - LORD/Yahweh", "*middĕrāḵeḵā*": "preposition min + noun, feminine plural with 2nd person masculine singular suffix - from your ways", "*taqšîaḥ*": "Hiphil imperfect, 2nd person masculine singular - you harden", "*libbēnû*": "noun, masculine singular with 1st person plural suffix - our heart", "*miyyirʾāteḵā*": "preposition min + noun, feminine singular with 2nd person masculine singular suffix - from fear of you", "*šûb*": "Qal imperative, masculine singular - return", "*lĕmaʿan*": "preposition - for the sake of", "*ʿăbādeḵā*": "noun, masculine plural with 2nd person masculine singular suffix - your servants", "*šibṭê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - tribes of", "*naḥălāteḵā*": "noun, feminine singular with 2nd person masculine singular suffix - your inheritance" }, "variants": { "*tatʿēnû*": "you make us err/you cause us to wander/you lead us astray", "*dĕrāḵeḵā*": "your ways/your paths", "*taqšîaḥ*": "you harden/you make insensitive", "*libbēnû*": "our heart/our mind", "*yirʾāteḵā*": "fear of you/reverence for you", "*šûb*": "return/turn back/restore", "*ʿăbādeḵā*": "your servants/your slaves", "*šibṭê*": "tribes/rods", "*naḥălāteḵā*": "your inheritance/your possession" } }
  • Exod 7:13 : 13 { "verseID": "Exodus.7.13", "source": "וַיֶּחֱזַק֙ לֵ֣ב פַּרְעֹ֔ה וְלֹ֥א שָׁמַ֖ע אֲלֵהֶ֑ם כַּאֲשֶׁ֖ר דִּבֶּ֥ר יְהוָֽה", "text": "And-*wayyeḥĕzaq* heart-of *Parʿōh* and-not *šāmaʿ* to-them just-as *dibbēr* *YHWH*", "grammar": { "*wayyeḥĕzaq*": "qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular with waw consecutive - and became strong", "*Parʿōh*": "proper noun - Pharaoh", "*šāmaʿ*": "qal perfect 3rd masculine singular - he listened", "*dibbēr*": "piel perfect 3rd masculine singular - he had spoken", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - the divine name" }, "variants": { "*wayyeḥĕzaq*": "became strong/hardened/was strengthened", "*šāmaʿ*": "heard/listened/obeyed" } }
  • Matt 13:14-15 : 14 { "verseID": "Matthew.13.14", "source": "Καὶ ἀναπληροῦται ἐπʼ αὐτοῖς ἡ προφητεία Ἠσαΐου, ἡ λέγουσα, Ἀκοῇ ἀκούσετε, καὶ οὐ μὴ συνῆτε· καὶ βλέποντες βλέψετε, καὶ οὐ μὴ ἴδητε:", "text": "And *anaplēroutai ep'* them the *prophēteia Ēsaiou*, the one *legousa*, In *akoē akousete*, and *ou mē synēte*; and *blepontes blepsete*, and *ou mē idēte*:", "grammar": { "*anaplēroutai*": "present passive, 3rd singular - is fulfilled", "*ep'*": "preposition + dative - on/upon", "*autois*": "dative, masculine, plural - them", "*prophēteia*": "nominative, feminine, singular - prophecy", "*Ēsaiou*": "genitive, masculine, singular - of Isaiah", "*legousa*": "present participle, nominative, feminine, singular - saying", "*Akoē*": "dative, feminine, singular - in hearing", "*akousete*": "future, 2nd plural - you will hear", "*ou mē*": "double negative - by no means/certainly not", "*synēte*": "aorist subjunctive, 2nd plural - you might understand", "*blepontes*": "present participle, nominative, masculine, plural - seeing", "*blepsete*": "future, 2nd plural - you will see", "*idēte*": "aorist subjunctive, 2nd plural - you might perceive" }, "variants": { "*anaplēroutai*": "is fulfilled/is completed/is accomplished", "*prophēteia Ēsaiou*": "prophecy of Isaiah", "*legousa*": "saying/speaking/declaring", "*Akoē akousete*": "in hearing you will hear [Hebraic emphatic]", "*ou mē synēte*": "you will certainly not understand", "*blepontes blepsete*": "seeing you will see [Hebraic emphatic]", "*ou mē idēte*": "you will certainly not perceive" } } 15 { "verseID": "Matthew.13.15", "source": "Ἐπαχύνθη γὰρ ἡ καρδία τοῦ λαοῦ τούτου, καὶ τοῖς ὠσὶν βαρέως ἤκουσαν, καὶ τοὺς ὀφθαλμοὺς αὐτῶν ἐκάμμυσαν· μήποτε ἴδωσιν τοῖς ὀφθαλμοῖς, καὶ τοῖς ὠσὶν ἀκούσωσιν, καὶ τῇ καρδίᾳ συνῶσιν, καὶ ἐπιστρέψωσιν, καὶ ἰάσωμαι αὐτούς.", "text": "For *epachynthē* the *kardia* of this *laou*, and with the *ōsin bareōs ēkousan*, and their *ophthalmous ekammysan*; lest *idōsin* with the *ophthalmois*, and with the *ōsin akousōsin*, and with the *kardia synōsin*, and *epistrepsōsin*, and I *iasōmai* them.", "grammar": { "*epachynthē*": "aorist passive, 3rd singular - was made thick/dull", "*gar*": "conjunction - for/because", "*kardia*": "nominative, feminine, singular - heart", "*laou*": "genitive, masculine, singular - of people", "*toutou*": "demonstrative, genitive, masculine, singular - this", "*ōsin*": "dative, neuter, plural - ears", "*bareōs*": "adverb - heavily/with difficulty", "*ēkousan*": "aorist, 3rd plural - they heard", "*ophthalmous*": "accusative, masculine, plural - eyes", "*autōn*": "genitive, masculine, plural - their", "*ekammysan*": "aorist, 3rd plural - they closed", "*mēpote*": "conjunction - lest/so that not", "*idōsin*": "aorist subjunctive, 3rd plural - they might see", "*ophthalmois*": "dative, masculine, plural - with eyes", "*akousōsin*": "aorist subjunctive, 3rd plural - they might hear", "*kardia*": "dative, feminine, singular - with heart", "*synōsin*": "aorist subjunctive, 3rd plural - they might understand", "*epistrepsōsin*": "aorist subjunctive, 3rd plural - they might turn/return", "*iasōmai*": "aorist subjunctive, 1st singular - I might heal", "*autous*": "accusative, masculine, plural - them" }, "variants": { "*epachynthē*": "was made thick/dull/insensitive", "*kardia*": "heart/mind/inner being", "*laou*": "people/nation/folk", "*bareōs ēkousan*": "they heard with difficulty/were hard of hearing", "*ophthalmous ekammysan*": "they closed their eyes/shut their eyes", "*mēpote*": "lest/so that not/in case", "*idōsin*": "they might see/perceive", "*akousōsin*": "they might hear/listen", "*synōsin*": "they might understand/comprehend", "*epistrepsōsin*": "they might turn/return/convert", "*iasōmai*": "I might heal/cure/restore" } }
  • Eph 1:6 : 6 { "verseID": "Ephesians.1.6", "source": "Εἰς ἔπαινον δόξης τῆς χάριτος αὐτοῦ, ἐν ᾗ ἐχαρίτωσεν ἡμᾶς ἐν τῷ ἠγαπημένῳ.", "text": "Unto *epainon doxēs* of the *charitos* of him, in which he *echaritōsen* us in the *ēgapēmenō*.", "grammar": { "*Eis*": "preposition governing accusative - purpose", "*epainon*": "accusative, masculine, singular - object of preposition", "*doxēs*": "genitive, feminine, singular - descriptive", "*charitos*": "genitive, feminine, singular - possessive", "*autou*": "genitive, masculine, singular - possessive", "*en*": "preposition governing dative - reference", "*hē*": "relative pronoun, dative, feminine, singular - antecedent is *charitos*", "*echaritōsen*": "aorist active indicative, 3rd singular - main verb", "*hēmas*": "accusative, plural - direct object", "*en*": "preposition governing dative - sphere/location", "*ēgapēmenō*": "perfect passive participle, dative, masculine, singular - substantive/object of preposition" }, "variants": { "*epainon*": "praise/commendation", "*doxēs*": "glory/splendor/honor", "*charitos*": "grace/favor/goodwill", "*echaritōsen*": "bestowed grace/favored/made accepted", "*ēgapēmenō*": "beloved/one who is loved" } }