1 Kings 8:37

Linguistic Bible Translation from Source Texts

When famine or plague comes to the land, or blight, mildew, locusts, or grasshoppers, or when an enemy besieges them in any of their cities, or whatever disaster or disease may come,

📖 Grammatical Analysis

Original Text

רָעָ֞ב כִּֽי־יִהְיֶ֣ה בָאָ֗רֶץ דֶּ֣בֶר כִּֽי־יִ֠הְיֶה שִׁדָּפ֨וֹן יֵרָק֜וֹן אַרְבֶּ֤ה חָסִיל֙ כִּ֣י יִהְיֶ֔ה כִּ֧י יָֽצַר־ל֛וֹ אֹיְב֖וֹ בְּאֶ֣רֶץ שְׁעָרָ֑יו כָּל־נֶ֖גַע כָּֽל־מַחֲלָֽה׃

Transliteration

rāʿāb when-yihyeh in hāʾāreṣ, deber when-yihyeh, šiddāp̄ôn yērāqôn ʾarbeh ḥāsîl when yihyeh, when yāṣar-to him ʾōyəbô in ʾereṣ šəʿārāyw, all-negaʿ all-maḥălâ.

Grammar Details

• *rāʿāb*: noun masculine singular - famine
• *yihyeh*: Qal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular - there will be
• *hāʾāreṣ*: definite article + noun feminine singular - the land
• *deber*: noun masculine singular - plague/pestilence
• *šiddāp̄ôn*: noun masculine singular - blight/scorching
• *yērāqôn*: noun masculine singular - mildew/paleness
• *ʾarbeh*: noun masculine singular - locust
• *ḥāsîl*: noun masculine singular - locust/caterpillar
• *yāṣar*: Qal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular - he besieges
• *ʾōyəbô*: Qal participle masculine singular construct with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his enemy
• *ʾereṣ*: noun feminine singular construct - land of
• *šəʿārāyw*: noun masculine plural construct with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his gates
• *negaʿ*: noun masculine singular - plague/stroke/affliction
• *maḥălâ*: noun feminine singular - disease/sickness

Word Meanings

• *rāʿāb*: famine/hunger
• *deber*: plague/pestilence
• *šiddāp̄ôn*: blight/scorching
• *yērāqôn*: mildew/paleness/jaundice
• *ʾarbeh*: locust/grasshopper
• *ḥāsîl*: locust/caterpillar
• *yāṣar*: besiege/distress/bind
• *šaʿar*: gate/city/court
• *negaʿ*: plague/stroke/mark/affliction
• *maḥălâ*: disease/sickness/illness

Other Translations

• King James Version 1769 (Standard Version)

  If there be in the land famine, if there be pestilence, blasting, mildew, locust, or if there be caterpiller; if their enemy besiege them in the land of their cities; whatsoever plague, whatsoever sickness there be;

• KJV1611 – Modern English

  If there is in the land famine, if there is pestilence, blight, mildew, locust, or if there is caterpillar; if their enemy besieges them in the land of their cities; whatever plague, whatever sickness there is;

• King James Version 1611 (Original)

  If there be in the land famine, if there be pestilence, blasting, mildew, locust, or if there be caterpiller; if their enemy besiege them in the land of their cities; whatsoever plague, whatsoever sickness there be;

• American Standard Version with Strong's Numbers

  If there be in the land{H776} famine,{H7458} if there be pestilence,{H1698} if there be blasting{H7711} [or] mildew,{H3420} locust{H697} [or] caterpillar;{H2625} if their enemy{H341} besiege{H6887} them in the land{H776} of their cities;{H8179} whatsoever plague,{H5061} whatsoever sickness{H4245} there be;

• King James Version with Strong's Numbers

  If there be in the land{H776} famine{H7458}, if there be pestilence{H1698}, blasting{H7711}, mildew{H3420}, locust{H697}, or if there be caterpiller{H2625}; if their enemy{H341}{(H8802)} besiege{H6887}{(H8686)} them in the land{H776} of their cities{H8179}; whatsoever plague{H5061}, whatsoever sickness{H4245} there be;

• Coverdale Bible (1535)

  Whan a derth, or pestilence, or drouth, or burnynge, or greshopper or catirpiller, is in their londe, or whan his enemye layeth sege to his portes in the londe, or whan eny other plage or disease happeneth,

• Geneva Bible (1560)

  When there shalbe famine in the land, when there shalbe pestilence, when there shall be blasting, mildewe, grashopper or caterpiller, when their enemie shall besiege them in the cities of their lande, or any plague, or any sickenesse,

• Bishops' Bible (1568)

  If there be in the lande dearth, or pestilence, drouth, blasting, grashopper, or caterpiller: or if their enemie besiege the in the lande of their cities, or whatsoeuer plague or sickenesse chaunce,

• Authorized King James Version (1611)

  If there be in the land famine, if there be pestilence, blasting, mildew, locust, [or] if there be caterpiller; if their enemy besiege them in the land of their cities; whatsoever plague, whatsoever sickness [there be];

• Webster's Bible (1833)

  If there be in the land famine, if there be pestilence, if there be blasting [or] mildew, locust [or] caterpillar; if their enemy besiege them in the land of their cities; whatever plague, whatever sickness there be;

• Young's Literal Translation (1862/1898)

  `Famine -- when it is in the land; pestilence -- when it is; blasting, mildew, locust; caterpillar -- when it is; when its enemy hath distressed it in the land `in' its gates, any plague, any sickness, --

• American Standard Version (1901)

  If there be in the land famine, if there be pestilence, if there be blasting `or' mildew, locust `or' caterpillar; if their enemy besiege them in the land of their cities; whatsoever plague, whatsoever sickness there be;

• American Standard Version (1901)

  If there be in the land famine, if there be pestilence, if there be blasting [or] mildew, locust [or] caterpillar; if their enemy besiege them in the land of their cities; whatsoever plague, whatsoever sickness there be;

• Bible in Basic English (1941)

  If there is no food in the land, or if there is disease, or if the fruits of the earth are damaged through heat or water, locust or worm; if their towns are shut in by their attackers; whatever trouble, whatever disease there may be:

• World English Bible (2000)

  "If there is famine in the land, if there is pestilence, if there is blight, mildew, locust or caterpillar; if their enemy besieges them in the land of their cities; whatever plague, whatever sickness there is;

• NET Bible® (New English Translation)

  “The time will come when the land suffers from a famine, a plague, blight and disease, or a locust invasion, or when their enemy lays siege to the cities of the land, or when some other type of plague or epidemic occurs.

Referenced Verses

• Lev 26:16 : 16 I, in turn, will do this to you: I will bring sudden terror upon you, wasting diseases and fever that destroy your eyes and drain your strength. You will plant your seed in vain, for your enemies will eat it.
• Deut 28:21-22 : 21 The LORD will cause pestilence to cling to you until He has consumed you from the land that you are entering to possess. 22 The LORD will strike you with wasting disease, fever, inflammation, scorching heat, drought, blight, and mildew, which will pursue you until you perish.
• Deut 28:38-42 : 38 You will sow much seed in the field but gather little, because locusts will consume it. 39 You will plant vineyards and cultivate them, but you will not drink their wine or gather their grapes, for worms will eat them. 40 You will have olive trees throughout your territory, but you will not anoint yourself with oil, for your olives will drop off prematurely. 41 You will have sons and daughters, but they will not remain with you, because they will go into captivity. 42 Swarms of insects will take possession of all your trees and the produce of your land.
• 2 Chr 20:9 : 9 'If disaster comes upon us—whether the sword, judgment, plague, or famine—we will stand before this temple and in your presence (for your name is in this temple) and cry out to you in our distress, and you will hear us and save us.'
• Ps 105:34-35 : 34 He spoke, and locusts came, young locusts without number. 35 They ate up all the vegetation in their land and consumed the fruit of their ground.
• Jer 32:2 : 2 At that time, the army of the king of Babylon was besieging Jerusalem, and Jeremiah the prophet was confined in the courtyard of the guard located in the palace of the king of Judah.
• Jer 39:1-3 : 1 In the ninth year of Zedekiah, king of Judah, in the tenth month, Nebuchadnezzar, king of Babylon, and his entire army came against Jerusalem and laid siege to it. 2 In the eleventh year of Zedekiah, on the ninth day of the fourth month, the city’s walls were breached. 3 All the officials of the king of Babylon came and took seats in the Middle Gate: Nergal-Sharezer, Samgar-Nebo, Sarsekim the chief officer, Nergal-Sharezer the chief magician, along with the rest of the officials of the king of Babylon.
• Ezek 14:21 : 21 For this is what the Sovereign LORD says: How much worse will it be when I send my four dreadful judgments—sword, famine, wild beasts, and plague—against Jerusalem, to cut off both man and beast from it!
• Joel 1:4-7 : 4 What the cutting locust left, the swarming locust has eaten; what the swarming locust left, the hopping locust has eaten; and what the hopping locust left, the destroying locust has eaten. 5 Wake up, you drunkards, and weep! Wail, all you wine drinkers, because of the fresh wine, for it is cut off from your mouth. 6 For a nation has invaded my land, strong and without number. Its teeth are the teeth of a lion, and it has the fangs of a lioness. 7 It has laid waste my vine and ruined my fig tree. It has stripped off their bark and thrown it away; their branches are made white.
• Joel 2:25-26 : 25 I will restore to you the years that the swarming locust has eaten—the young locust, the destroying locust, and the devouring locust—my great army that I sent among you. 26 You will have plenty to eat, and you will be satisfied. You will praise the name of the LORD your God, who has worked wonders for you, and never again will my people be put to shame.
• Deut 28:52-61 : 52 They will lay siege to all the cities throughout your land until your high fortified walls, in which you trusted, come down. They will besiege all the cities in the land the LORD your God has given you. 53 Because of the suffering your enemy inflicts upon you during the siege, you will eat the fruit of your womb—the flesh of your sons and daughters whom the LORD your God has given you. 54 Even the most tender and refined man among you will begrudge his brother, the wife he embraces, and the rest of his children who are still alive. 55 He will not share with any of them the flesh of his children that he is eating, because he has nothing else during the suffering and siege that your enemy will inflict on all your cities. 56 The most tender and delicate woman among you, so refined that she would not venture to set the sole of her foot on the ground, will begrudge the husband she loves, her son, and her daughter. 57 She will secretly eat her afterbirth and the children she bears during the siege and suffering that your enemy inflicts upon your cities, because she is in dire need of food. 58 If you do not carefully follow all the words of this law that are written in this book, and do not fear this glorious and awesome name—the LORD your God— 59 then the LORD will bring extraordinary plagues upon you and your descendants, severe and lasting plagues, and terrible and enduring diseases. 60 He will bring back upon you all the diseases of Egypt, which you dreaded, and they will cling to you. 61 The LORD will also bring upon you every sickness and plague not written in this Book of the Law, until you are completely destroyed.
• 2 Kgs 6:25-29 : 25 There was a great famine in Samaria, and it lasted until a donkey's head sold for eighty pieces of silver, and a quarter of a kab of dove's dung went for five pieces of silver. 26 As the king of Israel was walking along the city wall, a woman cried out to him, saying, "Help me, my lord the king!" 27 He answered, "If the LORD does not help you, where can I get help for you? From the threshing floor or the winepress?" 28 Then the king asked her, "What is your problem?" She replied, "This woman said to me, 'Give me your son so we may eat him today, and we will eat my son tomorrow.' 29 So we cooked my son and ate him. The next day, I said to her, 'Give me your son so we may eat him,' but she had hidden her son."
• 1 Chr 21:12 : 12 three years of famine, three months of fleeing from your enemies while they pursue you, or three days of the sword of the LORD—pestilence in the land, with the angel of the LORD destroying throughout all the territory of Israel.’ Now decide how I should answer the One who sent me."
• 2 Chr 6:28-31 : 28 When famine or plague comes to the land, blight or mildew, locusts or grasshoppers, or if an enemy besieges them in their cities, whatever disaster or disease may come, 29 and when a prayer or plea is made by anyone among Your people Israel—each aware of their own affliction and pain, and spreading out their hands toward this house— 30 then hear from heaven, Your dwelling place. Forgive and deal with everyone according to what they do, since You know their hearts (for You alone know the human heart). 31 so that they may fear You and walk in Your ways all the days they live on the face of the earth, which You gave to our ancestors.
• Deut 28:25 : 25 The LORD will cause you to be defeated before your enemies. You will march out against them in one direction but flee from them in seven directions. You will become a horror to all the kingdoms of the earth.
• Lev 26:25-46 : 25 I will bring the sword upon you to avenge the breaking of the covenant, and when you retreat into your cities, I will send a plague among you, and you will be delivered into the hands of the enemy. 26 When I break your staff of bread, ten women will bake your bread in one oven and dole out your bread by weight, and you will eat but not be satisfied. 27 But if, after all this, you do not listen to me and continue to act with hostility against me, 28 then I in turn will act with furious hostility against you, and I will discipline you seven times over for your sins. 29 You will eat the flesh of your sons and the flesh of your daughters. 30 I will destroy your high places, cut down your incense altars, and heap your dead bodies on the lifeless forms of your idols, and my soul will reject you. 31 I will lay your cities in ruins, make your sanctuaries desolate, and I will no longer smell the pleasing aroma of your offerings. 32 I will bring the land to desolation so that even your enemies who live there will be appalled by it. 33 I will scatter you among the nations and will draw out a sword after you. Your land will be desolate and your cities will lie in ruins. 34 Then the land will enjoy its sabbaths as long as it lies desolate and you are in the land of your enemies; then the land will rest and enjoy its sabbaths. 35 As long as it lies desolate, it will have the rest it did not have during the sabbaths while you lived there. 36 As for those of you who survive, I will bring weakness into their hearts in the lands of their enemies. The sound of a driven leaf will put them to flight, and they will flee as though running from a sword, though no one pursues them. 37 They will stumble over one another as if fleeing from the sword, though no one pursues them. You will not be able to stand before your enemies. 38 You will perish among the nations, and the land of your enemies will consume you. 39 Those of you who remain will waste away in their iniquity in the lands of your enemies; and also because of the iniquities of their ancestors, they will waste away with them. 40 But if they confess their iniquity and the iniquity of their ancestors—their unfaithfulness with which they were unfaithful to me, and also how they walked contrary to me— 41 so that I also walked contrary to them and brought them into the land of their enemies; if then their uncircumcised hearts are humbled, and they accept their punishment for their iniquity, 42 then I will remember my covenant with Jacob, and also my covenant with Isaac, and also my covenant with Abraham, and I will remember the land. 43 For the land will be abandoned by them and will enjoy its sabbaths while it lies desolate without them; they will accept their punishment for their iniquity, because they rejected my judgments and their soul abhorred my statutes. 44 Yet for all that, when they are in the land of their enemies, I will not reject them or abhor them so as to destroy them completely, breaking my covenant with them, for I am the LORD their God. 45 For their sake, I will remember the covenant with their ancestors, whom I brought out of the land of Egypt in the sight of the nations to be their God: I am the LORD. 46 These are the statutes, judgments, and laws the LORD established between himself and the sons of Israel through Moses on Mount Sinai.