Deuteronomy 18:10

Linguistic Bible Translation from Source Texts

Let no one be found among you who sacrifices their son or daughter in the fire, practices divination, tells fortunes, interprets omens, or engages in witchcraft.

📖 Grammatical Analysis

Original Text

לֹֽא־יִמָּצֵ֣א בְךָ֔ מַעֲבִ֥יר בְּנֽוֹ־וּבִתּ֖וֹ בָּאֵ֑שׁ קֹסֵ֣ם קְסָמִ֔ים מְעוֹנֵ֥ן וּמְנַחֵ֖שׁ וּמְכַשֵּֽׁף׃

Transliteration

Not-yimmatze in-you maavir beno-and-bitto in-the-esh qosem qesamim meonen and-menachesh and-mechashef.

Grammar Details

• *yimmatze*: imperfect, 3rd singular, niphal - shall be found
• *maavir*: participle, masculine, singular, hiphil - one who causes to pass over
• *beno*: noun, masculine, singular + 3rd masculine singular suffix - his son
• *bitto*: noun, feminine, singular + 3rd masculine singular suffix - his daughter
• *esh*: noun, feminine, singular - fire
• *qosem*: participle, masculine, singular, qal - one who practices divination
• *qesamim*: noun, masculine, plural - divinations
• *meonen*: participle, masculine, singular, poel - one who practices soothsaying
• *menachesh*: participle, masculine, singular, piel - one who practices divination
• *mechashef*: participle, masculine, singular, piel - one who practices sorcery

Word Meanings

• *maavir*: one who causes to pass over/burns/sacrifices
• *qosem qesamim*: diviner of divinations/practicer of divination
• *meonen*: soothsayer/fortuneteller/observer of times
• *menachesh*: diviner/enchanter/augurer
• *mechashef*: sorcerer/witch/magician

Other Translations

• King James Version 1769 (Standard Version)

  There shall not be found among you any one that maketh his son or his daughter to pass through the fire, or that useth divination, or an observer of times, or an enchanter, or a witch,

• KJV1611 – Modern English

  There shall not be found among you anyone who makes his son or his daughter pass through the fire, or one who uses divination, or an observer of times, or an enchanter, or a witch,

• King James Version 1611 (Original)

  There shall not be found among you any one that maketh his son or his daughter to pass through the fire, or that useth divination, or an observer of times, or an enchanter, or a witch,

• American Standard Version with Strong's Numbers

  There shall not be found{H4672} with thee any one that maketh his son{H1121} or his daughter{H1323} to pass{H5674} through the fire,{H784} one that useth{H7080} divination,{H7081} one that practiseth augury,{H6049} or an enchanter,{H5172} or a sorcerer,{H3784}

• King James Version with Strong's Numbers

  There shall not be found{H4672}{(H8735)} among you any one that maketh his son{H1121} or his daughter{H1323} to pass{H5674}{(H8688)} through the fire{H784}, or that useth{H7080}{(H8802)} divination{H7081}, or an observer of times{H6049}{(H8781)}, or an enchanter{H5172}{(H8764)}, or a witch{H3784}{(H8764)},

• Tyndale Bible (1526/1534)

  Let there not be founde amonge you that maketh his sonne or his doughter go thorow fyre, ether a bruterar or a maker of dismale dayes or that vseth witchcraft or a sorcerar

• Coverdale Bible (1535)

  that there be not founde amonge you, yt maketh his sonne or doughter go thorow the fyre, or a prophecier, or a choser out of dayes, or that regardeth the foules cryenge,

• Geneva Bible (1560)

  Let none be founde among you that maketh his sonne or his daughter to goe thorough the fire, or that vseth witchcraft, or a regarder of times, or a marker of the flying of foules, or a sorcerer,

• Bishops' Bible (1568)

  Let there not be founde among you any one that maketh his sonne or his daughter to go through the fire, or that vseth witchcraft, or a regarder of tymes, or that regardeth the fleeyng of fowles.

• Authorized King James Version (1611)

  There shall not be found among you [any one] that maketh his son or his daughter to pass through the fire, [or] that useth divination, [or] an observer of times, or an enchanter, or a witch,

• Webster's Bible (1833)

  There shall not be found with you anyone who makes his son or his daughter to pass through the fire, one who uses divination, one who practices sorcery, or an enchanter, or a sorcerer,

• Young's Literal Translation (1862/1898)

  there is not found in thee one causing his son and his daughter to pass over into fire, a user of divinations, an observer of clouds, and an enchanter, and a sorcerer,

• American Standard Version (1901)

  There shall not be found with thee any one that maketh his son or his daughter to pass through the fire, one that useth divination, one that practiseth augury, or an enchanter, or a sorcerer,

• American Standard Version (1901)

  There shall not be found with thee any one that maketh his son or his daughter to pass through the fire, one that useth divination, one that practiseth augury, or an enchanter, or a sorcerer,

• Bible in Basic English (1941)

  Let there not be seen among you anyone who makes his son or his daughter go through the fire, or anyone using secret arts, or a maker of strange sounds, or a reader of signs, or any wonder-worker,

• World English Bible (2000)

  There shall not be found with you anyone who makes his son or his daughter to pass through the fire, one who uses divination, one who practices sorcery, or an enchanter, or a sorcerer,

• NET Bible® (New English Translation)

  There must never be found among you anyone who sacrifices his son or daughter in the fire, anyone who practices divination, an omen reader, a soothsayer, a sorcerer,

Referenced Verses

• Lev 19:31 : 31 Do not turn to mediums or spiritists. Do not seek them out to be defiled by them. I am the LORD your God.
• Lev 19:26 : 26 Do not eat any meat with the blood still in it. Do not practice divination or seek omens.
• Exod 22:18 : 18 Anyone who has sexual relations with an animal must surely be put to death.
• Deut 12:31 : 31 You must not worship the Lord your God in their way, because they practice for their gods every abomination that the Lord hates. They even burn their sons and daughters in the fire as sacrifices to their gods.
• 2 Kgs 17:17 : 17 They sacrificed their sons and daughters in the fire, practiced divination and sorcery, and sold themselves to do what was evil in the sight of the Lord, provoking Him to anger.
• Isa 47:13 : 13 You are wearied with your many counsels; let those who divide the heavens, those who gaze at the stars, those who announce the months, stand now and save you from what is coming upon you.
• Acts 19:19 : 19 A large number of those who had practiced magic brought their books together and burned them in front of everyone. They calculated the value of the books and found it to be fifty thousand silver coins.
• Gal 5:20 : 20 idolatry, sorcery, hostilities, strife, jealousy, outbursts of anger, selfish ambitions, dissensions, factions,
• Jer 19:4-6 : 4 For they have abandoned Me and made this place foreign. They have burned incense here to other gods—gods that neither they, their ancestors, nor the kings of Judah have known. And they have filled this place with the blood of the innocent. 5 They have built high places to Baal to burn their children in the fire as offerings to Baal—something I did not command or speak of, nor did it ever enter My mind. 6 So beware! The days are coming,’ declares the LORD, ‘when this place will no longer be called Topheth or the Valley of Ben-Hinnom, but the Valley of Slaughter.
• Jer 32:35 : 35 They built high places for Baal in the Valley of Hinnom’s Son to sacrifice their sons and daughters to Molech, something I never commanded nor even considered in My heart. They committed this detestable act to make Judah sin.
• 2 Kgs 21:6 : 6 He sacrificed his own son by fire, practiced divination and omen reading, and consulted mediums and spiritists. He did much evil in the sight of the LORD, provoking Him to anger.
• 1 Chr 10:13 : 13 Saul died because of his unfaithfulness to the LORD. He did not keep the word of the LORD and even sought guidance from a medium to inquire of it.
• 2 Chr 28:3 : 3 He burned sacrifices in the Valley of Ben-Hinnom and sacrificed his sons in the fire, following the detestable practices of the nations that the LORD had driven out before the Israelites.
• 2 Chr 33:6 : 6 He sacrificed his sons in the fire in the Valley of Ben Hinnom, practiced divination, sought omens, practiced witchcraft, and consulted mediums and spiritists. He did much evil in the sight of the LORD, provoking him to anger.
• Ps 106:37-38 : 37 They sacrificed their sons and their daughters to demons. 38 They shed innocent blood, the blood of their sons and daughters, whom they sacrificed to the idols of Canaan, and the land was polluted with blood.
• Isa 8:19-20 : 19 When they say to you, 'Consult the mediums and the spiritists who whisper and mutter,' shouldn’t a people consult their God? Should they inquire of the dead on behalf of the living? 20 To the law and to the testimony! If they do not speak according to this word, they have no light of dawn.
• 1 Sam 28:3 : 3 Now Samuel had died, and all Israel mourned for him and buried him in Ramah, his hometown. Meanwhile, Saul had removed the mediums and spiritists from the land.
• 1 Sam 28:7 : 7 Then Saul said to his servants, "Find me a woman who is a medium, so I can go and consult her." His servants replied, "There is a woman who is a medium at En-dor."
• 1 Sam 28:9 : 9 The woman said to him, "Surely you know what Saul has done, how he has cut off the mediums and spiritists from the land. Why are you setting a trap for my life to bring about my death?"
• 2 Kgs 16:3 : 3 He followed the ways of the kings of Israel, and even sacrificed his son in the fire, imitating the detestable practices of the nations the Lord had driven out before the Israelites.
• Lev 20:2-5 : 2 Say to the Israelites, 'Any man from the Israelites or from the foreigners residing in Israel who gives any of his children to Molech shall surely be put to death. The people of the land shall stone him with stones. 3 I will set my face against that man and cut him off from among his people because he has given his children to Molech, defiling my sanctuary and profaning my holy name. 4 But if the people of the land deliberately close their eyes to that man when he gives his children to Molech, and they fail to put him to death, 5 then I will set my face against that man and his family, and I will cut off from their people both him and all who follow him in prostituting themselves to Molech.
• Lev 20:26-27 : 26 You shall be holy to me, for I, the LORD, am holy, and I have set you apart from the peoples to be mine. 27 If a man or a woman has a spirit of divination or is a medium, they must be put to death. They are to be stoned, and their blood is upon them.
• Lev 18:21-30 : 21 Do not give any of your children to be sacrificed to Molech, for you must not profane the name of your God. I am the LORD. 22 Do not have sexual relations with a man as one does with a woman; that is detestable. 23 Do not have sexual relations with an animal and defile yourself with it. A woman must not present herself to an animal to have sexual relations with it; that is a perversion. 24 Do not defile yourselves by any of these practices, for the nations I am driving out before you have defiled themselves by all these things. 25 Even the land was defiled; so I punished it for its sin, and the land vomited out its inhabitants. 26 But you are to keep my statutes and my judgments. Do not commit any of these abominations, whether you are a native-born or a foreigner residing among you. 27 For all these abominations were committed by the people who lived in the land before you, and the land was defiled. 28 Make sure the land does not vomit you out when you defile it, as it vomited out the nation that was there before you. 29 For anyone who commits any of these detestable practices will be cut off from among their people. 30 So keep my charge not to practice any of the abominable customs that were done before you, so you do not defile yourselves by them. I am the LORD your God.